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Peng Q, Yang S, Lao X, Li R, Chen Z, Wang J, Qin X, Li S. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in VDR and DBP genes with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma risk in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116026. [PMID: 25541958 PMCID: PMC4277456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polymorphisms of genes encoding components of the vitamin D pathway including vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D binding protein (DBP) have been widely investigated because of the complex role played by vitamin D in cancer tumorogenesis. In this study, we investigated the association between VDR and DBP gene polymorphisms and HBV-related HCC risk in a Chinese population. Methods Study subjects were divided into three groups: 184 HBV patients with HCC, 296 HBV patients without HCC, and 180 healthy controls. The VDR rs2228570, and rs3782905 and the DBP rs7041 polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR-RFLP and the VDR rs11568820 polymorphism was genotyped by PCR-SSP, respectively. DNA sequencing was performed to validate the genotype results. Results We found that there were significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of the VDR rs2228570 and DBP rs7041 polymorphisms between HBV patients with HCC and healthy controls. The rs2228570 T allele was associated with a significant increased HBV-related HCC risk as compared with the C allele. The rs2228570 TT and TT/TC genotypes were correlated with a significant increased HBV-related HCC risk when compared with the wild-type CC homozygote. Similarly, the rs7041 G allele was associated with a significant increased HBV-related HCC risk as compared with the T allele. The rs7041 GG and GG/TG genotypes were correlated with a significant increased HBV-related HCC risk when compared with the wild-type TT homozygote. However, we did not observe any significant effect of VDR rs11568820, and rs3782905 polymorphisms on HBV-related HCC risk in this population. In haplotype analysis, we also did not find any significant differences in haplotype frequencies of the VDR gene between HBV patients with HCC and the healthy controls. Conclusions We conclude that the VDR rs2228570 and DBP rs7041 polymorphisms may contribute to increased susceptibility to HBV-related HCC in the Chinese population. Due to the marginal significance, further large and well-designed studies in diverse ethnic populations are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliu Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shi Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianjun Lao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ruolin Li
- Department of Medicine Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiping Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health at Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail: (XQ); (SL)
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail: (XQ); (SL)
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Elkum N, Alkayal F, Noronha F, Ali MM, Melhem M, Al-Arouj M, Bennakhi A, Behbehani K, Alsmadi O, Abubaker J. Vitamin D insufficiency in Arabs and South Asians positively associates with polymorphisms in GC and CYP2R1 genes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113102. [PMID: 25405862 PMCID: PMC4236149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A number of genetic studies have reported an association between vitamin D related genes such as group-specific component gene (GC), Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily R, polypeptide 1 (CYP2R1) and 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase/nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide synthetase 1 (DHCR7/NADSYN1) and serum levels of the active form of Vitamin D, 25 (OH) D among African Americans, Caucasians, and Chinese. Little is known about how genetic variations associate with, or contribute to, 25(OH)D levels in Arabs populations. Methods Allele frequencies of 18 SNPs derived from CYP2R1, GC, and DHCR7/NADSYN1 genes in 1549 individuals (Arabs, South Asians, and Southeast Asians living in Kuwait) were determined using real time genotyping assays. Serum levels of 25(OH)D were measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results GC gene polymorphisms (rs17467825, rs3755967, rs2282679, rs7041 and rs2298850) were found to be associated with 25(OH)D serum levels in Arabs and South Asians. Two of the CYP2R1 SNPs (rs10500804 and rs12794714) and one of GC SNPs (rs1155563) were found to be significantly associated with 25(OH)D serum levels only in people of Arab origin. Across all three ethnicities none of the SNPs of DHCR7/NADSYN1 were associated with serum 25(OH)D levels and none of the 18 SNPs were significantly associated with serum 25(OH)D levels in people from South East Asia. Conclusion Our data show for the first time significant association between the GC (rs2282679 and rs7041), CYP2R1 (rs10741657) SNPs and 25(OH)D levels. This supports their roles in vitamin D Insufficiency in Arab and South Asian populations respectively. Interestingly, two of the CYP2R1 SNPs (rs10500804 and rs12794714) and one GC SNP (rs1155563) were found to correlate with vitamin D in Arab population exclusively signifying their importance in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Elkum
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Clinical Epidemiology, Sidra Medical and Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail:
| | - Fadi Alkayal
- Genetics & Genomics Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fiona Noronha
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Maisa M. Ali
- Genetics & Genomics Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Motasem Melhem
- Genetics & Genomics Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Monira Al-Arouj
- Clinical Services, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Kazem Behbehani
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Osama Alsmadi
- Genetics & Genomics Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Mahmoudi T, Karimi K, Arkani M, Farahani H, Nobakht H, Dabiri R, Asadi A, Vahedi M, Zali MR. Lack of associations between Vitamin D metabolism-related gene variants and risk of colorectal cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:957-61. [PMID: 24568525 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.2.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE With regard to the protective effect of vitamin D against colorectal cancer (CRC), we evaluated genetic variants that might influence vitamin D metabolism: vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D binding protein (GC), vitamin D 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1), and vitamin D 25-hydroxy 1-alpha hydroxylase (CYP27B1). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 657 subjects, including 303 cases with CRC and 354 controls were enrolled in this case-control study. All 657 were genotyped for the four gene variants using PCR-RFLP methods. RESULTS In this study, no significant difference was observed for VDR (rs2238136), GC (rs4588), CYP2R1 (rs12794714), and CYP27B1 (rs3782130) gene variants in either genotype or allele frequencies between the cases with CRC and the controls and this lack of difference remained even after adjustment for age, BMI, sex, smoking status, NSAID use, and family history of CRC. Furthermore, no evidence for effect modification of the variants and CRC by BMI, sex, or tumor site was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support a role for VDR, GC, and CYP27B1 genes in CRC risk in our Iranian population. Another interesting finding, which to our knowledge has not been reported previously, was the lack of association with the CYP2R1 gene polymorphism. Nonetheless, our findings require confirmation and possible roles of vitamin D metabolism-related genes in carcinogenesis need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Mahmoudi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail :
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Jones KS, Assar S, Harnpanich D, Bouillon R, Lambrechts D, Prentice A, Schoenmakers I. 25(OH)D2 half-life is shorter than 25(OH)D3 half-life and is influenced by DBP concentration and genotype. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:3373-81. [PMID: 24885631 PMCID: PMC4207933 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is uncertainty over the equivalence of vitamins D2 and D3 to maintain plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare the plasma half-lives of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 in two distinct populations with different dietary calcium intake and 25(OH)D status. PARTICIPANTS Healthy men (aged 24 and 39 y), resident in The Gambia (n = 18) or the United Kingdom (n = 18) participated in the study. INTERVENTIONS The intervention included an oral tracer dose of deuterated-25(OH)D2 and deuterated-25(OH)D3 (both 40 nmol). Blood samples were collected over 33 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 plasma half-lives, concentrations of 25(OH)D, and vitamin D binding protein (DBP) and DBP genotypes were measured. RESULTS 25(OH)D2 half-life [mean (SD)] [13.9 (2.6) d] was shorter than 25(OH)D3 half-life [15.1 (3.1) d; P = .001] for countries combined, and in Gambians [12.8 (2.3) d vs 14.7 (3.5) d; P < .001], but not in the United Kingdom [15.1 (2.4) d vs 15.6 (2.5) d; P = .3]. 25(OH)D concentration was 69 (13) and 29 (11) nmol/L (P < .0001), and the DBP concentration was 259 (33) and 269 (23) mg/L (P = .4) in The Gambia and United Kingdom, respectively. Half-lives were positively associated with plasma DBP concentration for countries combined [25(OH)D2 half-life: regression coefficient (SE) 0.03 (0.01) d per 1 mg/L DBP, P = .03; 25(OH)D3 half-life: 0.04 (0.02) d, P = .02] and in Gambians [25(OH)D2 half-life: 0.04 (0.01) d; P = .02; 25(OH)D3 half-life: 0.06 (0.02) d, P = .01] but not in UK participants. The DBP concentration × country interactions were not significant. DBP Gc1f/1f homozygotes had shorter 25(OH)D2 half-lives compared with other combined genotypes (P = .007) after correction for country. CONCLUSIONS 25(OH)D2 half-life was shorter than 25(OH)D3 half-life, and half-lives were affected by DBP concentration and genotype. The stable isotope 25(OH)D half-life measurements provide a novel tool to investigate vitamin D metabolism and vitamin D expenditure and aid in the assessment of vitamin D requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Jones
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., S.A., D.H., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge CB1 9NL, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Keneba (K.S.J., A.P.), The Gambia; Clinic and Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology (R.B.) and Laboratory for Translational Genetics (D.L.), Katholieke Universiteit, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; and Vesalius Research Center (D.L.), VIB, Katholieke Universiteit, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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105
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Common vitamin D pathway gene variants reveal contrasting effects on serum vitamin D levels in African Americans and European Americans. Hum Genet 2014; 133:1395-405. [PMID: 25085266 PMCID: PMC4185105 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is more common among African Americans (AAs) than among European Americans (EAs), and epidemiologic evidence links vitamin D status to many health outcomes. Two genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in European populations identified vitamin D pathway gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, but a few of these SNPs have been replicated in AAs. Here, we investigated the associations of 39 SNPs in vitamin D pathway genes, including 19 GWAS-identified SNPs, with serum 25(OH)D concentrations in 652 AAs and 405 EAs. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed adjusting for relevant environmental and biological factors. The pattern of SNP associations was distinct between AAs and EAs. In AAs, six GWAS-identified SNPs in GC, CYP2R1, and DHCR7/NADSYN1 were replicated, while nine GWAS SNPs in GC and CYP2R1 were replicated in EAs. A CYP2R1 SNP, rs12794714, exhibited the strongest signal of association in AAs. In EAs, however, a different CYP2R1 SNP, rs1993116, was the most strongly associated. Our models, which take into account genetic and environmental variables, accounted for 20 and 28 % of the variance in serum vitamin D levels in AAs and EAs, respectively.
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106
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Association between intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration among premenopausal women. Nutrients 2014; 6:2987-99. [PMID: 25072269 PMCID: PMC4145290 DOI: 10.3390/nu6082987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages has increased in North America and seems to have several adverse health effects possibly through decreased circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between sugar-sweetened beverages intake and 25(OH)D concentrations among premenopausal women. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages including colas, other carbonated beverages and sweet fruit drinks was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire among 741 premenopausal women. Plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D were quantified by radioimmunoassay. The association between sugar-sweetened beverages intake and 25(OH)D concentrations was evaluated using multivariate generalized linear models and Spearman correlations. A higher intake of colas was associated with lower mean 25(OH)D levels (67.0, 63.7, 64.7 and 58.5 nmol/L for never, <1, 1–3 and >3 servings/week, respectively; r = −0.11 (p = 0.004)). A correlation was observed between intake of other carbonated beverages and 25(OH)D concentrations but was not statistically significant (r = −0.06 (p = 0.10)). No association was observed between intake of sweet fruit drinks and 25(OH)D concentrations. This study suggests that high intake of colas may decrease 25(OH)D levels in premenopausal women. Considering the high consumption of these drinks in the general population and the possible consequences of vitamin D deficiency on health, this finding needs further investigation.
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107
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Kramer H, Berns JS, Choi MJ, Martin K, Rocco MV. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D testing and supplementation in CKD: an NKF-KDOQI controversies report. Am J Kidney Dis 2014; 64:499-509. [PMID: 25082101 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of and thresholds for 25-hydroxyvitamin D administration in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain uncertain. In this report, NKF-KDOQI (National Kidney Foundation-Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative) endeavors to provide health care providers with the latest information on a controversial area in the management of CKD, the role for nutritional vitamin D. Although knowledge of the biological mechanisms of vitamin D for bone maintenance in individuals with all stages of CKD has expanded, no consensus currently exists within the medical community regarding methods for 25-hydroxyvitamin D supplementation or optimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in individuals with CKD. Within this report, existing CKD guidelines are summarized and scrutinized and ongoing clinical trials are cited as sources for future guidance on the optimal management of vitamin D in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Kramer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola Medical Center, Maywood, IL; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Loyola Medical Center, Maywood, IL.
| | - Jeffrey S Berns
- Nephrology Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael J Choi
- Nephrology Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Michael V Rocco
- Nephrology Section, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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108
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Crutchfield CA, Clarke W. Present and Future Applications of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry in the Clinic. Discoveries (Craiova) 2014; 2:e17. [PMID: 32309546 PMCID: PMC6941556 DOI: 10.15190/d.2014.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High resolution mass spectrometers have directly enabled clinical applications of high clinical utility. These types of mass spectrometers are less known to the general public than their low resolution counterparts and are often ascribed to proteomics or biomarker discovery. This perception is rapidly changing as high resolution mass spectrometers see impact in the areas of clinical toxicology, forensic toxicology, microbiology, and molecular diagnostics as routine analyzers. Applications in these areas are made possible by the unique capacity of high resolution mass spectrometers, typically time-of flight or Orbitrap instruments, to characterize analytical species with sufficient mass resolution to better resolve molecular composition than lower resolution analyzers. This capacity confers a unique source of analytical specificity. In the future, this analytical specificity will likely be well applied to other clinical applications: mass spectrometry based tissue imaging, intraoperative determination of tumor boundaries, and evaluation of metabolic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Clarke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Real-life use of vitamin D3-fortified bread and milk during a winter season: the effects of CYP2R1 and GC genes on 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Danish families, the VitmaD study. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 9:413. [PMID: 24934498 PMCID: PMC4169060 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Common genetic variants rs10741657 and rs10766197 in CYP2R1 and rs4588 and rs842999 in GC and a combined genetic risk score (GRS) of these four variants influence late summer 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. The objectives were to identify those who are most at risk of developing low vitamin D status during winter and to assess whether vitamin D3-fortified bread and milk will increase 25(OH)D concentrations in those with genetically determined low 25(OH)D concentrations at late summer. We used data from the VitmaD study. Participants were allocated to either vitamin D3-fortified bread and milk or non-fortified bread and milk during winter. In the fortification group, CYP2R1 (rs10741657) and GC (rs4588 and rs842999) were statistically significantly associated with winter 25(OH)D concentrations and CYP2R1 (rs10766197) was borderline significant. There was a negative linear trend between 25(OH)D concentrations and carriage of 0–8 risk alleles (p < 0.0001). No association was found for the control group (p = 0.1428). There was a significant positive linear relationship between different quintiles of total vitamin D intake and the increase in 25(OH)D concentrations among carriers of 0–2 (p = 0.0012), 3 (p = 0.0001), 4 (p = 0.0118) or 5 (p = 0.0029) risk alleles, but not among carriers of 6–8 risk alleles (p = 0.1051). Carriers of a high GRS were more prone to be vitamin D deficient compared to carriers of a low GRS. Furthermore, rs4588-AA carriers have a low but very stable 25(OH)D concentration, and interestingly, also low PTH level.
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Hibler EA, Jacobs ET, Stone AD, Sardo CL, Galligan MA, Jurutka PW. Associations between vitamin D-binding protein isotypes, circulating 25(OH)D levels, and vitamin D metabolite uptake in colon cancer cells. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:426-34. [PMID: 24472850 PMCID: PMC3975660 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D metabolites have been extensively studied as cancer chemopreventive agents. Gc-globulin (GC) isotypes, based on rs7041 and rs4588 diplotypes, have varying affinities for 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), which may affect circulating metabolite concentration as well as delivery at the cellular level. We evaluated associations between GC isotype and circulating vitamin D metabolite concentrations in 403 ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) clinical trial participants. Metabolite uptake was evaluated in human colon cancer (HCT-116) cells treated with ethanol vehicle, 1,25(OH)2D, or 25(OH)D, and with plasma from individuals with known GC isotype. Mammalian-2-hybrid and vitamin D-responsive element-based luciferase assays were used to measure the vitamin D receptor pathway activation as a marker for metabolite uptake. Regression analysis demonstrated significantly lower serum 25(OH)D concentration for clinical trial participants with 1F_2, 1S_2, or 2_2 isotypes (P < 0.01) compared with 1S_1S. Consistent with these in vivo observations, cellular data revealed that 25(OH)D uptake varied less by GC isotype only at the higher concentration tested (P = 0.05), while 1,25(OH)2D uptake differed markedly by GC isotype across concentration and assay (P < 0.01). The 1F_1S and 1F_2 isotypes produced the greatest reporter gene induction with 1,25(OH)2D treatment and, while activation varied less with 25(OH)D, the 2_2 isotype demonstrated increased induction at the lower concentration. These results suggest that vitamin D metabolite concentration and delivery to colon cells may vary not only by GC isotype, but also that certain isotypes may more effectively deliver 1,25(OH)2D versus 25(OH)D. Overall, these results may help identify populations at risk for cancer and potential recipients of targeted chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Hibler
- University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724.
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111
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Vogiatzi MG, Jacobson-Dickman E, DeBoer MD. Vitamin D supplementation and risk of toxicity in pediatrics: a review of current literature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:1132-41. [PMID: 24456284 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although vitamin D toxicity is rare in children, increased use of vitamin D formulations, re-examination of optimal vitamin D levels, and use of higher doses lend potential for an increased incidence of vitamin D toxicity. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A PubMed search was conducted through May 2013 for cases of vitamin D intoxication and vitamin D trials in pediatrics. Safety data were collected and reviewed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A small number of pediatric studies tested vitamin D doses at or above the currently recommended upper tolerable intake. In children and adolescents, vitamin D excess was rare and usually asymptomatic. Recent cases of intoxication relate to errors in manufacturing, formulation, or prescription; involve high total intake in the range of 240,000 to 4,500,000 IU; and present with severe hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, or nephrocalcinosis. However, mild hypercalcemia and hypervitaminosis using currently recommended doses have been reported in infants with rickets. CONCLUSIONS Although rare, cases of vitamin D intoxication that present with dramatic life-threatening symptoms still occur in children. Moreover, recent studies in infants raise a potential need for monitoring vitamin D levels when doses at or above the currently recommended upper range are used. Further studies are needed to clarify these findings. The Drugs and Therapeutics Committee of the Pediatric Endocrine Society suggests obtaining serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in infants and children who receive long-term vitamin D supplementation at or above the upper level intake that is currently recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Vogiatzi
- Weill Cornell Medical College (M.G.V.), New York, New York 10065; SUNY Downstate Medical Center (E.J.-D.), Brooklyn, New York 11203; and University of Virginia Health System (M.D.D.), Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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112
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Nissen J, Rasmussen LB, Ravn-Haren G, Andersen EW, Hansen B, Andersen R, Mejborn H, Madsen KH, Vogel U. Common variants in CYP2R1 and GC genes predict vitamin D concentrations in healthy Danish children and adults. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89907. [PMID: 24587115 PMCID: PMC3937412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors such as diet, intake of vitamin D supplements and exposure to sunlight are known to influence serum vitamin D concentrations. Genetic epidemiology of vitamin D is in its infancy and a better understanding on how genetic variation influences vitamin D concentration is needed. We aimed to analyse previously reported vitamin D-related polymorphisms in relation to serum 25(OH)D concentrations in 201 healthy Danish families with dependent children in late summer in Denmark. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations and a total of 25 SNPs in GC, VDR, CYP2R1, CYP24A1, CYP27B1, C10or88 and DHCR7/NADSYN1 genes were analysed in 758 participants. Genotype distributions were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the adult population for all the studied polymorphisms. Four SNPs in CYP2R1 (rs1562902, rs7116978, rs10741657 and rs10766197) and six SNPs in GC (rs4588, rs842999, rs2282679, rs12512631, rs16846876 and rs17467825) were statistically significantly associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations in children, adults and all combined. Several of the SNPs were in strong linkage disequilibrium, and the associations were driven by CYP2R1-rs10741657 and rs10766197, and by GC-rs4588 and rs842999. Genetic risk score analysis showed that carriers with no risk alleles of CYP2R1-rs10741657 and rs10766197, and/or GC rs4588 and rs842999 had significantly higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations compared to carriers of all risk alleles. To conclude, our results provide supporting evidence that common polymorphisms in GC and CYP2R1 are associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations in the Caucasian population and that certain haplotypes may predispose to lower 25(OH)D concentrations in late summer in Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Nissen
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Lone Banke Rasmussen
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Gitte Ravn-Haren
- Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Wreford Andersen
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bettina Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Andersen
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Heddie Mejborn
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Katja Howarth Madsen
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pibiri F, Kittles RA, Sandler RS, Keku TO, Kupfer SS, Xicola RM, Llor X, Ellis NA. Genetic variation in vitamin D-related genes and risk of colorectal cancer in African Americans. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:561-70. [PMID: 24562971 PMCID: PMC3978221 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Disparities in both colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and survival impact African Americans (AAs) more than other US ethnic groups. Because vitamin D is thought to protect against CRC and AAs have lower serum vitamin D levels, genetic variants that modulate the levels of active hormone in the tissues could explain some of the cancer health disparity. Consequently, we hypothesized that genetic variants in vitamin D-related genes are associated with CRC risk. Methods To test this hypothesis, we studied 39 potentially functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eight genes (CYP2R1, CYP3A4, CYP24A1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1, GC, DHCR7, and VDR) in 961 AA CRC cases and 838 healthy AA controls from Chicago and North Carolina. We tested whether SNPs are associated with CRC incidence using logistic regression models to calculate p values, odds ratios, and 95 % confidence intervals. In the logistic regression, we used a log-additive genetic model and used age, gender, and percent West African ancestry, which we estimated with the program STRUCTURE, as covariates in the models. Results A nominally significant association was detected between CRC and the SNP rs12794714 in the vitamin D 25-hydroxylase gene CYP2R1 (p = 0.019), a SNP that has previously been associated with serum vitamin D levels. Two SNPs, rs16847024 in the GC gene and rs6022990 in the CYP24A1 gene, were nominally associated with left-sided CRC (p = 0.015 and p = 0.018, respectively). Conclusions Our results strongly suggest that genetic variation in vitamin D-related genes could affect CRC susceptibility in AAs.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10552-014-0361-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pibiri
- Department of Pediatrics and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave. MC 767, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
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Pekkinen M, Saarnio E, Viljakainen HT, Kokkonen E, Jakobsen J, Cashman K, Mäkitie O, Lamberg-Allardt C. Vitamin D binding protein genotype is associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and PTH concentrations, as well as bone health in children and adolescents in Finland. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87292. [PMID: 24498064 PMCID: PMC3907502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D binding protein (DBP)/group-specific component (Gc), correlates positively with serum vitamin D metabolites, and phenotype influences serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) concentration. The protein isoform has been associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. We examined the role of GC genotypes in S-25(OH)D status and BMD in 231 Finnish children and adolescents aged 7-19 yr. BMD was measured with DXA from lumbar spine (LS), total hip, and whole body, and for 175 subjects, radial volumetric BMD was measured with pQCT. Background characteristic and total dietary intakes of vitamin D and calcium were collected. The concentrations of 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium and other markers of calcium homeostasis were determined from blood and urine. Genotyping was based on single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs4588) in the GC gene. The genotype distribution was: GC 1/1 68%, GC 1/2 26% and GC 2/2 6%. A significant difference emerged in 25(OH)D and PTH concentrations between the genotypes, (p = 0.001 and 0.028 respectively, ANCOVA). There was also a linear trend in: Gc 2/2 had the lowest 25(OH)D and PTH concentrations (p = 0.025 and 0.012, respectively). Total hip bone mineral content was associated with GC genotype (BMC) (p = 0.05, ANCOVA) in boys. In regression analysis, after adjusting for relevant covariates, GC genotype was associated with LS BMC and strength and strain index (SSI) Z-score in both genders, and LS BMD in boys. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the association between GC genotypes and S-25(OH)D and PTH concentrations. The results show the influence of DBP genetic variation on bone mass accrual in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Pekkinen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Elisa Saarnio
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli T. Viljakainen
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Kokkonen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jette Jakobsen
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Soborg, Denmark
| | - Kevin Cashman
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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115
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Speeckaert MM, Speeckaert R, van Geel N, Delanghe JR. Vitamin D binding protein: a multifunctional protein of clinical importance. Adv Clin Chem 2014; 63:1-57. [PMID: 24783350 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800094-6.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of group-specific component and its polymorphism by Hirschfeld in 1959, research has put spotlight on this multifunctional transport protein (vitamin D binding protein, DBP). Besides the transport of vitamin D metabolites, DBP is a plasma glycoprotein with many important functions, including sequestration of actin, modulation of immune and inflammatory responses, binding of fatty acids, and control of bone development. A considerable DBP polymorphism has been described with a specific allele distribution in different geographic area. Multiple studies have shed light on the interesting relationship between polymorphisms of the DBP gene and the susceptibility to diseases. In this review, we give an overview of the multifunctional character of DBP and describe the clinical importance of DBP and its polymorphisms. Finally, we discuss the possibilities to use DBP as a novel therapeutic agent.
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Abstract
Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is the major carrier protein of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) in the circulation, where it may serve roles in maintaining stable levels during times of decreased 25(OH) availability and in regulating delivery of 25(OH) D to target tissues. Several genetic polymorphisms of DBP have been described that lead to phenotypic changes in the protein that may affect affinity, activity, and concentration. These polymorphisms have been linked with alterations in bone density in several populations. One of the mechanisms by which DBP may alter bone health involves regulating vitamin D bioavailability. DBP-bound vitamin is thought to be relatively unavailable to target tissues, and thus alterations in DBP levels or affinity could lead to changes in vitamin D bioactivity. As a result, functional vitamin D status may differ greatly between individuals with similar total 25(OH) D levels. Additionally, DBP may have independent roles on macrophage and osteoclast activation. This review will summarize recent findings about DBP with respect to measures of bone density and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishir Bhan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 5 Suite 750, 50 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- *Ishir Bhan:
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117
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Li LH, Yin XY, Wu XH, Zhang L, Pan SY, Zheng ZJ, Wang JG. Serum 25(OH)D and vitamin D status in relation to VDR, GC and CYP2R1 variants in Chinese. Endocr J 2014; 61:133-41. [PMID: 24200978 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have identified several common genetic variants in VDR, GC and CYP2R1 to be associated with circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and vitamin D deficiency in Western populations. We aimed to investigate the associations of these variants with serum levels of 25(OH)D and vitamin D status in 1,199 Chinese. Nine common variants of VDR, GC and CYP2R1 were genotyped using multiple SNaPshot assay, and serum 25(OH)D was detected by radioimmunoassay. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) was 38.8%, which is higher in women (46.2%) than in men (34.3%, P<0.0001). The risk alleles of three common variants of GC (rs7041, rs4588, and rs2282679) were significantly associated with a lower serum levels of 25(OH)D (-1.789 ≤β ≤-3.549, P ≤0.006), while common variants in VDR and CYP2R1 were not associated with serum levels of 25(OH)D after adjusted for covariates (P ≥0.30). None of the nine common variants were associated with the presence of vitamin D deficiency in multivariable adjusted logistic regression analyses (P ≥0.17). Haplotype-based analyses of GC-rs7041 and rs4588 showed that the haplotype Gc2-2 (rs7041 AA and rs4588 TT) had the lowest levels of 25(OH)D compared with other haplotypes that contained at least one copy of Gc1 allele (Ptrend <0.0001). Our results suggest that the common variants of GC are genetic determinants of serum 25(OH)D in Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Li
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, the Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Heo DS, Lee JG, Hwang HR, Lee SY, Cho BM, Kim SS, Jeong DW, Yi YH, Cho YH, Kim YJ. The association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and mammographic density in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women regardless of the menstrual cycle phase: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Cancer 2013; 66:97-103. [PMID: 24328856 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.851715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a known risk factor of breast cancer. An association between vitamin D and breast density has been suggested; however, it remains controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level and mammographic density. Subjects in our study included 517 patients who visited the health promotion center of the University Hospital. Mammographic density was classified using the American College of Radiology, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. Analysis of variance was performed to clarify the association of serum 25(OH)D level and mammographic density, and odds ratio was calculated by ordinal logistic regression analysis. The mean serum 25(OH)D level was 14.3 ± 7.0 ng/mL in all subjects. In correlation analysis, weak negative correlation was observed between serum 25(OH)D level and mammographic density groups (r = -0.09, P = 0.049). However, ordinal logistic regression analysis showed no statistically significant association between serum 25(OH)D level and mammographic density (odds ratio: 0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.50-1.13). Results of our study showed that there is no significant association between serum 25(OH)D level and mammographic density. It is thought to be an another mechanism of serum 25(OH)D level on breast cancer risk in addition to breast density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Seong Heo
- a Department of Family Medicine , Pusan National University School of Medicine , Pusan , Republic of Korea
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119
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Niino M, Miyazaki Y, Fukazawa T, Kikuchi S. Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis in Asians and Caucasians: environmental and genetic aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/cen3.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Niino
- Department of Clinical Research; Hokkaido Medical Center; Sapporo Japan
| | - Yusei Miyazaki
- Department of Clinical Research; Hokkaido Medical Center; Sapporo Japan
- Department of Neurology; Hokkaido Medical Center; Sapporo Japan
| | | | - Seiji Kikuchi
- Department of Neurology; Hokkaido Medical Center; Sapporo Japan
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Santos BR, Mascarenhas LPG, Boguszewski MCS, Spritzer PM. Variations in the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) gene are related to lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in healthy girls: a cross-sectional study. Horm Res Paediatr 2013; 79:162-8. [PMID: 23548751 DOI: 10.1159/000348847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Vitamin D deficiency has been recognized as a worldwide epidemic affecting several pediatric and adolescent populations. We determined the genotype and haplotype distribution of the rs4588 and rs7041 polymorphisms of the GC gene encoding vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and investigated the associations between these gene variants and their haplotypes with 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in girls from South Brazil. METHODS Cross-sectional study including 198 apparently healthy girls aged 10-18 years. Plasma levels of 25(OH)D were assessed by radioimmunoassay. Participants were genotyped for rs4588 and rs7041 by real-time PCR, with allelic discrimination assays. RESULTS Mean chronological age and BMI percentile were 13.17 ± 1.74 years and 57.81 ± 29.03, respectively. Sufficient circulating 25(OH)D levels (≥30 ng/ml) were found in 9.1% of the overall group, insufficient levels (20-29.9 ng/ml) in 59.6%, and deficient levels (<20 ng/ml) in 31.3%. The AA genotype of rs4588, TT genotype of rs7041 and CT-AT/AT-AT (GC 1f-2/2-2) diplotypes were significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D levels, even after adjustment for age and season at the time of blood collection. CONCLUSIONS The GC gene genotype may be related to the susceptibility to low 25(OH)D levels in female children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betânia R Santos
- Gynecologic Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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121
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Didriksen A, Grimnes G, Hutchinson MS, Kjærgaard M, Svartberg J, Joakimsen RM, Jorde R. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to vitamin D supplementation is related to genetic factors, BMI, and baseline levels. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 169:559-67. [PMID: 23935129 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level is not only dependent on vitamin D intake and production in the skin but also dependent on genetic factors. Thus, in large genome-wide association studies, it has been shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D binding protein (DBP), as well as in enzymes related to activation or degradation of vitamin D and its metabolites, are as important for the serum 25(OH)D level as the effect of season. How these SNPs affect the serum 25(OH)D response to vitamin D supplementation is uncertain. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were pooled from three randomized controlled trials where 40, 000 IU vitamin D/week was given for 6 months. Serum 25(OH)D was measured before and at the end of the intervention, and the subjects were genotyped for SNPs related to the serum 25(OH)D level. RESULTS Baseline 25(OH)D levels were significantly related to SNPs in the DBP and CYP2R1 genes. Those with SNPs associated with the lowest baseline 25(OH)D levels also had the smallest increase (delta) after supplementation. Those with the lowest baseline serum 25(OH)D (without regard to genotypes) had the highest increase (delta) after supplementation. Subjects with high BMI had lowest baseline 25(OH)D levels and also the smallest increase (delta) after supplementation. CONCLUSIONS The serum 25(OH)D response to supplementation depends on genes, baseline level, and BMI. However, whether this is clinically important or not depends on the therapeutic window of vitamin D, an issue that is still not settled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Didriksen
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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122
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Ryan LM, Chamberlain JM, Singer SA, Wood R, Tosi LL, Freishtat RJ, Gordish-Dressman H, Teach SJ, Devaney JM. Genetic influences on vitamin D status and forearm fracture risk in African American children. J Investig Med 2013; 60:902-6. [PMID: 22613962 DOI: 10.2310/jim.0b013e3182567e2a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We sought to investigate the relationship between newly identified genetic variants and vitamin D levels and fracture risk in healthy African American (black) children. This case-control study included children of both sexes, ages 5 to 9 years, with and without forearm fractures. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels, bone mineral density, body mass index, and calcium/vitamin D intake were measured in 130 individuals (n = 60 cases and n = 70 controls). The 5 variants tested were located in the GC gene (rs2282679), in the NADSYN1 gene (rs12785878 and rs3829251), and in the promoter region of the CYP2R1 gene (rs2060793 and rs104741657). Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and vitamin D levels were tested using an analysis of covariance. Associations between SNPs and fracture status were tested using logistic regression. The GC gene variant was associated with vitamin D levels (P = 0.038). None of the SNPs were associated with fracture status in young blacks. These results suggest that the variants tested, which are associated with circulating vitamin D levels in whites, are not associated with fracture status in healthy black children. Additional research is required to discover the genetics of fracture risk in blacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Manning Ryan
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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123
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Rohn R. Questions remain about Vitamin D. J Adolesc Health 2013; 53:547-8. [PMID: 23932520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Rohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Children's Hospital of the King's Doctors, Norfolk, Virginia
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124
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Vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein, lung function and structure in COPD. Respir Med 2013; 107:1578-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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125
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Zhang Y, Yang S, Liu Y, Ren L. Relationship between polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolism-related genes and the risk of rickets in Han Chinese children. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:101. [PMID: 24073854 PMCID: PMC3850708 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency rickets is common in China. Genetic factors may play an important role in the susceptibility to rickets. Our study aimed to identify the relationship between three vitamin D-related genes (group specific component [GC], cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily R, polypeptide 1 (CYP2R1), and 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase/nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide synthetase 1 (DHCR7/NADSYN1) and rickets in Han Chinese children from northeastern China. Methods A total of 506 Han children from northeastern China were enrolled in the current study. Twelve SNPs in three candidate genes were genotyped using the SNaPshot assay. Linear regression was used to examine the effect of 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the risk of rickets. Results In our case–control cohort, six alleles of the 12 SNPs conferred a significantly increased risk of rickets in GC (rs4588 C, P = 0.003, OR: 0.583, 95% CI: 0.412-0.836; rs222020 C, P = 0.009, OR: 1.526, 95% CI: 1.117-2.0985; rs2282679 A, P = 0.010, OR: 0.636, 95% CI: 0.449-0.900; and rs2298849 C, P = 0.001, OR: 1.709, 95% CI: 1.250-2.338) and in CYP2R1 (rs10741657 G, P = 0.019, OR: 1.467, 95% CI: 1.070-2.011; and rs2060793 G, P = 0.023, OR: 0.689, 95% CI: 0.502-0.944). The results remained significant after adjustment for sex and body mass index. We further analyzed the effect of genotypes under three different genetic models. After using Bonferroni’s method for multiple corrections, rs4588, rs2282679, and rs2298849 of the GC gene were significantly associated with rickets under the dominant (P =0.003 for rs4588, P =0.024 for rs2282679, and P =0.005 for rs2298849) and additive models (P = 0.006 for rs4588, P = 0.024 for rs2282679, and P = 0.005 for rs2298849). Haplotype analysis showed that the CAT haplotype of the GC gene (P = 0.005) and the GAA haplotype of the CYP2R1 gene (P = 0.026) were associated with susceptibility to rickets. Conclusions This case–control study confirmed the strong effect of GC and CYP2R1 loci on rickets in Han children from northeastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Foucan L, Vélayoudom-Céphise FL, Larifla L, Armand C, Deloumeaux J, Fagour C, Plumasseau J, Portlis ML, Liu L, Bonnet F, Ducros J. Polymorphisms in GC and NADSYN1 Genes are associated with vitamin D status and metabolic profile in Non-diabetic adults. BMC Endocr Disord 2013; 13:36. [PMID: 24073860 PMCID: PMC3849583 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-13-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to assess the associations between vitamin D (vitD) status, metabolic profile and polymorphisms in genes involved in the transport (Group-Component: GC) and the hydroxylation (NAD synthetase 1: NADSYN1) of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in non-diabetic individuals. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study with 323 individuals recruited from the Health Center of Guadeloupe, France. The rs2282679 T > G and rs2298849 T > C in GC and rs12785878 G > T in NADSYN1 were genotyped. RESULTS Mean age was 46(range 18-86) years. 57% of participants had vitD insufficiency, 8% had vitD deficiency, 61% were overweight and 58% had dyslipidemia. A higher frequency of overweight was noted in women carrying rs2298849T allele v CC carriers (71% v 50%; P = 0.035). The rs2282679G allele was associated with increased risks of vitD deficiency and vitD insufficiency (OR =3.53, P = 0.008, OR = 2.34, P = 0.02 respectively). The rs2298849 TT genotype was associated with vitD deficiency and overweight (OR =3.4, P = 0.004 and OR = 1.76, P = 0.04 respectively) and the rs12785878 GG genotype with vitD insufficiency and dyslipidemia (OR = 1.80, P = 0.01 and OR = 1.72, P = 0.03 respectively). Based on the number of risk alleles for rs2282679 and rs12785878 combined, a genotype score of 3 (vs. 0-1) was associated with a 5.5 ng/mL average reduction in serum 25(OH)D levels (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The GC and NADSYN1 genes are associated with the vitamin D status and might contribute to dyslipidemia and overweight independently of 25(OH)D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Foucan
- Research group Clinical Epidemiology and MedicineResearch group, University of Antilles and Guyane, Guyane, France
- Department of Public Health and Medical Information, University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- Département de Santé Publique, CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Fritz-Line Vélayoudom-Céphise
- Research group Clinical Epidemiology and MedicineResearch group, University of Antilles and Guyane, Guyane, France
- Diabetology Unit, University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Laurent Larifla
- Research group Clinical Epidemiology and MedicineResearch group, University of Antilles and Guyane, Guyane, France
| | - Christophe Armand
- Research group Clinical Epidemiology and MedicineResearch group, University of Antilles and Guyane, Guyane, France
| | - Jacqueline Deloumeaux
- Research group Clinical Epidemiology and MedicineResearch group, University of Antilles and Guyane, Guyane, France
| | - Cedric Fagour
- Research group Clinical Epidemiology and MedicineResearch group, University of Antilles and Guyane, Guyane, France
| | | | - Marie-Line Portlis
- Clinical Genetic Unit, University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Longjian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fabrice Bonnet
- Endocrinology-Diabetology and nutrition Unit, University Hospital South of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Jacques Ducros
- Nephrology Unit, University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
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Luong KVQ, Nguyen LTH. Beneficial role of vitamin D3 in the prevention of certain respiratory diseases. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2013; 7:327-50. [PMID: 24056290 DOI: 10.1177/1753465813503029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence of aberrations in the vitamin D-endocrine system in subjects with respiratory diseases. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with respiratory diseases, and patients who receive vitamin D have significantly larger improvements in inspiratory muscle strength and maximal oxygen uptake. Studies have provided an opportunity to determine which proteins link vitamin D to respiratory pathology, including the major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, vitamin D receptor, vitamin D-binding protein, chromosome P450, Toll-like receptors, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Vitamin D also exerts its effect on respiratory diseases through cell signaling mechanisms, including matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, vitamin D plays a significant role in respiratory diseases. The best form of vitamin D for use in the treatment of respiratory diseases is calcitriol because it is the active metabolite of vitamin D3 and modulates inflammatory cytokine expression. Further investigation of calcitriol in respiratory diseases is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Vinh Quoc Luong
- Vietnamese American Medical Research Foundation, 14971 Brookhurst Street, Westminster, CA 92683, USA
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Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with osteoporosis and is thought to increase the risk of cancer and CVD. Despite these numerous potential health effects, data on vitamin D status at the population level and within key subgroups are limited. The aims of the present study were to examine patterns of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels worldwide and to assess differences by age, sex and region. In a systematic literature review using the Medline and EMBASE databases, we identified 195 studies conducted in forty-four countries involving more than 168 000 participants. Mean population-level 25(OH)D values varied considerably across the studies (range 4·9-136·2 nmol/l), with 37·3 % of the studies reporting mean values below 50 nmol/l. The highest 25(OH)D values were observed in North America. Although age-related differences were observed in the Asia/Pacific and Middle East/Africa regions, they were not observed elsewhere and sex-related differences were not observed in any region. Substantial heterogeneity between the studies precluded drawing conclusions on overall vitamin D status at the population level. Exploratory analyses, however, suggested that newborns and institutionalised elderly from several regions worldwide appeared to be at a generally higher risk of exhibiting lower 25(OH)D values. Substantial details on worldwide patterns of vitamin D status at the population level and within key subgroups are needed to inform public health policy development to reduce risk for potential health consequences of an inadequate vitamin D status.
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129
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Zhang Z, He JW, Fu WZ, Zhang CQ, Zhang ZL. An analysis of the association between the vitamin D pathway and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in a healthy Chinese population. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:1784-92. [PMID: 23505139 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been recognized as a major public health issue worldwide. Recent studies have indicated that genetic factors might play an important role in determining serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in Caucasians and African Americans. However, the genes that contribute to the variation in serum 25(OH)D levels in Chinese are unknown. In this study, we screened 15 key genes within the vitamin D metabolic pathway using 96 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in a group of 2897 unrelated healthy Chinese subjects. Significant confounding factors that may influence the variability in serum 25(OH)D levels were used as covariates for association analyses. An association test for quantitative traits was performed to evaluate the association between candidate genes and serum 25(OH)D levels. In the present study, variants and/or haplotypes in GC, CYP2R1, and DHCR7/NADSYN1 were identified as being associated with 25(OH)D levels. Participants with three or four risk alleles of the two variants (GC-rs4588 and CYP2R1-rs10766197) had an increased chance of presenting with a 25(OH)D concentration lower than 20 ng/mL (odds ratio 2.121, 95% confidence interval 1.586-2.836, p = 6.1 × 10(-8) ) compared with those lacking the risk alleles. Each additional copy of a risk allele was significantly associated with a 0.12-fold decrease in the log-25(OH)D concentration (p = 3.7 × 10(-12) ). Haplotype TGA of GC rs705117-rs2282679-rs1491710, haplotype GAGTAC of GC rs842999-rs705120-rs222040-rs4588-rs7041-rs10488854, haplotype CA of GC rs1155563-rs222029, and haplotype AAGA of CYP2R1 rs7936142-rs12794714-rs2060793-rs16930609 were genetic risk factors toward a lower 25(OH)D concentration. In contrast, haplotype TGGGCCC of DHCR7/NADSYN1 rs1790349-rs7122671-rs1790329-rs11606033-rs2276360-rs1629220-rs2282618 were genetic protective factors. The results suggest that the GC, CYP2R1, and DHCR7/NADSYN1 genes might contribute to variability in the serum 25(OH)D levels in a healthy Chinese population in Shanghai. These markers could be used as tools in Mendelian randomization analyses of vitamin D, and they could potentially be drug targets in the Chinese population in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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130
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Vitamin D and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: hype or reality? THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2013; 1:804-12. [PMID: 24461760 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(13)70102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abundant laboratory findings show the important role vitamin D has in the innate and adaptive immune system. In human beings, observational studies have associated vitamin D deficiency with an increased risk for different inflammatory, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. With regard to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), conflicting data have been reported. Most epidemiological studies have been restricted by their design, and larger longitudinal studies of population-based samples and of cohorts with COPD are warranted. An alternative explanation for the discordant results in COPD might be related to the complexity of the intracellular vitamin D signalling pathway, which is not shown in systemic levels of the precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D. For COPD in particular, we speculate that local downregulation of vitamin D signalling from and beyond the receptor might clarify why pro-inflammatory processes in the airways are not or are insufficiently countered by vitamin D-dependent control mechanisms. In a disease already characterised by glucocorticoid resistance, the potential activation and reactivation of an intrinsic comprehensive system of immune control should attract more attention to design appropriate interventions with promising therapeutic potential.
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131
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Szkandera J, Absenger G, Pichler M, Stotz M, Langsenlehner T, Samonigg H, Renner W, Gerger A. Association of common gene variants in vitamin D modulating genes and colon cancer recurrence. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1457-64. [PMID: 23793229 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D) have been associated with increased risk and poor prognosis of various cancer types, including colon cancer. Common genetic variants in genes that influence circulating 25(OH)D levels may affect vitamin D concentrations and risk of vitamin D insufficiency. In the present study, we investigated the association of three functional gene variants in GC (rs2282679 T>G), DHCR7 (rs12785878 G>T) and CYP2R1 (rs10741657 A>G) with time to recurrence (TTR) in patients with stages II and III colon cancer. METHODS Two hundred and sixty-four patients were included in this retrospective study. Genomic DNA was genotyped for GC rs2282679 T>G, DHCR7 rs12785878 G>T and CYP2R1 rs10741657 A>G by 5'-exonuclease (TaqMan™) technology. RESULTS In the univariate analysis, GC rs2282679 GG was significantly associated with decreased TTR (HR = 3.30, 95 % CI 1.09-9.97, p = 0.034) in patients with surgery alone and remained significantly associated in multivariate analysis including lymph node involvement and clinical stage (HR = 3.64, 95 % CI 1.16-11.46, p = 0.027). In patients with adjuvant chemotherapy, GC rs2282679 T>G was not significantly associated with TTR (HR = 1.02, 95 % CI 0.44-2.37, p = 0.964). Furthermore, we observed a trend toward decreased TTR in patients harboring the CYP2R1 rs10741657 A>G gene variant including all patients (HR = 1.50, 95 % CI 0.98-2.28, p = 0.060). No association was found between DHCR7 rs12785878 G>T and TTR in our study cohort. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results may indicate a prognostic effect of GC rs2282679 in stages II and III colon cancer patients with surgery alone. Larger studies have to be performed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szkandera
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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132
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Shapses SA, Lee EJ, Sukumar D, Durazo-Arvizu R, Schneider SH. The effect of obesity on the relationship between serum parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E886-90. [PMID: 23509103 PMCID: PMC3644609 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity is associated with lower serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and higher intact PTH. The threshold of 25OHD needed to maximally suppress intact PTH has been suggested as a marker of optimal vitamin D status. OBJECTIVE In this study, we hypothesized that whereas the obese have a higher serum PTH and lower 25OHD, suppression of serum PTH by 25OHD would be independent of body weight. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We performed a retrospective analysis on 383 women (ages 24-75 y) with a wide range of body weights (43-185 kg) who were stabilized to 1-1.2 g calcium/d for 1 month before blood draw. Body composition, serum PTH, 25OHD, calcium, and creatinine were measured. Locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots were used to depict the association between serum PTH and 25OHD. A nonlinear exponential model determined the point for near maximal suppression of PTH by 25OHD. RESULTS The point for near maximal suppression of PTH by 25OHD for all women (body mass index, 31.4 ± 7.7 kg/m²) occurred at a 25OHD concentration of 21.7 ng/mL (95% confidence interval, 28-48 ng/mL). No point of maximal suppression was found for nonobese women, yet in the obese women (n = 207; body mass index, >30 kg/m²) suppression of PTH occurred at a 25OHD concentration of 11.1 ng/mL (95% confidence interval, 4.7-17.5 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that if PTH is suppressed at a lower serum 25OHD in the obese compared to the entire population, the lower average 25OHD concentrations in the obese may not have the same physiological significance as in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8525, USA.
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133
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Nimitphong H, Saetung S, Chanprasertyotin S, Chailurkit LO, Ongphiphadhanakul B. Changes in circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D according to vitamin D binding protein genotypes after vitamin D₃ or D₂supplementation. Nutr J 2013; 12:39. [PMID: 23556437 PMCID: PMC3637219 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is not known whether genetic variation in the vitamin D binding protein (DBP) influences 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels [25(OH)D] after vitamin D supplementation. We aimed to investigate the changes of total 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2 in a Thai cohort, according to type of vitamin D supplement (vitamin D3 or D2) and DBP genotype, after receiving vitamin D3 or D2 for 3 months. Methods Thirty-nine healthy subjects completed the study. All subjects received 400 IU of either vitamin D3 or D2, plus a calcium supplement, every day for 3 months. Total serum 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2 were measured by LC-MS/MS. Individual genotyping of rs4588 in the DBP gene was performed using real-time PCR. Results Vitamin D3 supplementation of 400 IU/d increased 25(OH)D3 significantly (+16.2 ± 4.2 nmol/L, p <0.001). Vitamin D2 (400 IU/d) caused increased 25(OH)D2 levels (+22.0 ± 2.11 nmol/L, p <0.001), together with a decrease of 25(OH)D3 (−14.2 ± 2.0 nmol/L, p <0.001). At 3 month, subjects in vitamin D3 group tended to have higher total 25(OH)D levels than those in vitamin D2 (67.8 ± 3.9 vs. 61.0 ± 3.0 nmol/L; p = 0.08). Subjects were then classified into two subgroups: homozygous for the DBP rs4588 C allele (CC), and the rest (CA or AA). With D3 supplementation, subjects with CA or AA alleles had significantly less increase in 25(OH)D3 and total 25(OH)D when compared with those with the CC allele. However, no difference was found when the supplement was vitamin D2. Conclusion Genetic variation in DBP (rs4588 SNP) influences responsiveness to vitamin D3 but not vitamin D2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hataikarn Nimitphong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Rd, Rajthevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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134
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Rose K, Penna-Martinez M, Klahold E, Kärger D, Shoghi F, Kahles H, Bayer M, Hintermann E, Pfeilschifter JM, Badenhoop K, Ramos-Lopez E, Christen U. Influence of the vitamin D plasma level and vitamin D-related genetic polymorphisms on the immune status of patients with type 1 diabetes: a pilot study. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 171:171-85. [PMID: 23286944 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) has been implicated in type 1 diabetes (T1D) by genetic and epidemiological studies. Individuals living in regions with low sunlight exposure have an increased T1D risk and VD supplementation reduced the risk in human individuals and mouse models. One possibility of how VD influences the pathogenesis of T1D is its immunomodulatory effect on dendritic cells (DC), which then preferentially activate regulatory T cells (T(regs) ). In the present pilot study, we collected blood samples from a small cohort of patients with T1D at baseline and months 6 and 12. VD-deficient patients were advised to supplement with 1000 IU/day VD. We found a considerable variation in the VD plasma level at baseline and follow-up. However, with higher VD plasma levels, a lower frequency of interleukin (IL)-4-producing CD8 T cells was observed. We further performed a comprehensive genotyping of 13 VD-related polymorphisms and found an association between VD plasma level and the genotype of the VD binding protein (DBP). The frequency of DC and T cell subsets was variable in patients of all subgroups and in individual patients over time. Nevertheless, we found some significant associations, including the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) hydroxylase (CYP27B1) genotype with the frequency of DC subtypes. In summary, our preliminary results indicate only a limited influence of the VD plasma level on the immune balance in patients with T1D. Nevertheless, our pilot study provides a basis for a follow-up study with a larger cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rose
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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135
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Dastani Z, Li R, Richards B. Genetic regulation of vitamin D levels. Calcif Tissue Int 2013; 92:106-17. [PMID: 23114382 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-012-9660-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays several roles in the body, influencing bone health as well as serum calcium and phosphate levels. Further, vitamin D may modify immune function, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with numerous health outcomes, including bone disease, cancer, autoimmune disease, infectious disease, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease, although it is unclear whether or not these associations are causal. Various twin and family studies have demonstrated moderate to high heritability for circulating vitamin D levels. Accordingly, many studies have investigated the genetic determinants of this hormone. Recent advances in the methodology of large-scale genetic association studies, including coordinated international collaboration, have identified associations of CG, DHCR1, CYP2R1, VDR, and CYP24A1 with serum levels of vitamin D. Here, we review the genetic determinants of vitamin D levels by focusing on new findings arising from candidate gene and genomewide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zari Dastani
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
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136
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Engelman CD, Meyers KJ, Iyengar SK, Liu Z, Karki CK, Igo RP, Truitt B, Robinson J, Sarto GE, Wallace R, Blodi BA, Klein ML, Tinker L, LeBlanc ES, Jackson RD, Song Y, Manson JE, Mares JA, Millen AE. Vitamin D intake and season modify the effects of the GC and CYP2R1 genes on 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. J Nutr 2013; 143:17-26. [PMID: 23190755 PMCID: PMC3521459 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.169482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency {defined by the blood concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]} has been associated with many adverse health outcomes. Genetic and nongenetic factors account for variation in 25(OH)D, but the role of interactions between these factors is unknown. To assess this, we examined 1204 women of European descent from the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study, an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Twenty-nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 4 genes, GC, CYP2R1, DHCR7, and CYP24A1, from recent meta-analyses of 25(OH)D genome-wide association studies were genotyped. Associations between these SNPs and 25(OH)D were tested using generalized linear regression under an additive genetic model adjusted for age, blood draw month, and ancestry. Results were stratified by season of blood draw and, separately, vitamin D intake for the 6 SNPs showing a significant association with 25(OH)D at the P < 0.01 level. Two nonsynonymous SNPs in GC and 4 SNPs in CYP2R1 were strongly associated with 25(OH)D in individuals whose blood was drawn in summer (P ≤ 0.002) but not winter months and, independently, in individuals with vitamin D intakes ≥400 (P ≤ 0.004) but not <400 IU/d (10 μg/d). This effect modification, if confirmed, has important implications for the design of genetic studies for all health outcomes and for public health recommendations and clinical practice guidelines regarding the achievement of adequate vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne D. Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | | | - Sudha K. Iyengar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and
| | | | - Robert P. Igo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Barbara Truitt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jennifer Robinson
- Department of Medicine, and,Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Gloria E. Sarto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Robert Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Michael L. Klein
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | | | - Rebecca D. Jackson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Yiqing Song
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and
| | | | - Amy E. Millen
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
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137
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Genetic Variations in the Vitamin D Binding Protein and Season-Specific Levels of Vitamin D Among Older Adults. Epidemiology 2013. [DOI: 10.1097/ede.0b013e318276c4b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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138
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Hiraki LT, Major JM, Chen C, Cornelis MC, Hunter DJ, Rimm EB, Simon KC, Weinstein SJ, Purdue MP, Yu K, Albanes D, Kraft P. Exploring the genetic architecture of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Genet Epidemiol 2013; 37:92-8. [PMID: 23135809 PMCID: PMC3524394 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The primary circulating form of vitamin D is 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), a modifiable trait linked with a growing number of chronic diseases. In addition to environmental determinants of 25(OH)D, including dietary sources and skin ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure, twin- and family-based studies suggest that genetics contribute substantially to vitamin D variability with heritability estimates ranging from 43% to 80%. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in four gene regions associated with 25(OH)D. These SNPs collectively explain only a fraction of the heritability in 25(OH)D estimated by twin- and family-based studies. Using 25(OH)D concentrations and GWAS data on 5,575 subjects drawn from five cohorts, we hypothesized that genome-wide data, in the form of (1) a polygenic score comprised of hundreds or thousands of SNPs that do not individually reach GWAS significance, or (2) a linear mixed model for genome-wide complex trait analysis, would explain variance in measured circulating 25(OH)D beyond that explained by known genome-wide significant 25(OH)D-associated SNPs. GWAS identified SNPs explained 5.2% of the variation in circulating 25(OH)D in these samples and there was little evidence additional markers significantly improved predictive ability. On average, a polygenic score comprised of GWAS-identified SNPs explained a larger proportion of variation in circulating 25(OH)D than scores comprised of thousands of SNPs that were on average, nonsignificant. Employing a linear mixed model for genome-wide complex trait analysis explained little additional variability (range 0-22%). The absence of a significant polygenic effect in this relatively large sample suggests an oligogenetic architecture for 25(OH)D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda T Hiraki
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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139
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Malik S, Fu L, Juras DJ, Karmali M, Wong BYL, Gozdzik A, Cole DEC. Common variants of the vitamin D binding protein gene and adverse health outcomes. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2013; 50:1-22. [PMID: 23427793 PMCID: PMC3613945 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2012.750262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is the major plasma carrier for vitamin D and its metabolites, but it is also an actin scavenger, and is the precursor to the immunomodulatory protein, Gc-MAF. Two missense variants of the DBP gene - rs7041 encoding Asp432Glu and rs4588 encoding Thr436Lys - change the amino acid sequence and alter the protein function. They are common enough to generate population-wide constitutive differences in vitamin D status, based on assay of the serum metabolite, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD). Whether these variants also influence the role of vitamin D in an immunologic milieu is not known. However, the issue is relevant, given the immunomodulatory effects of DBP and the role of protracted innate immune-related inflammation in response to tissue injury or repeated infection. Indeed, DBP and vitamin D may jointly or independently contribute to a variety of adverse health outcomes unrelated to classical notions of their function in bone and mineral metabolism. This review summarizes the reports to date of associations between DBP variants, and various chronic and infectious diseases. The available information leads us to conclude that DBP variants are a significant and common genetic factor in some common disorders, and therefore, are worthy of closer attention. In view of the heightened interest in vitamin D as a public health target, well-designed studies that look simultaneously at vitamin D and its carrier in relation to genotypes and adverse health outcome should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneil Malik
- Office of Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
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140
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Azad AK, Bairati I, Qiu X, Huang H, Cheng D, Liu G, Meyer F, Adjei A, Xu W. Genetic sequence variants in vitamin D metabolism pathway genes, serum vitamin D level and outcome in head and neck cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:2520-7. [PMID: 23169318 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although some studies have reported associations between serum vitamin D level and prognosis in several cancers, others have found associations between genetic sequence variants (GSVs) in the vitamin D metabolism pathway genes and outcomes in various cancers including head and neck cancer (HNC). We comprehensively evaluated the association and interaction of GSVs in vitamin D metabolism pathway genes and their regulatory effects on circulatory serum vitamin D level in HNC outcome. We systemically evaluated the association of 89 tagging and candidate-based GSVs in six major vitamin D metabolism pathway genes (VDR, GC, CYP24A1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1 and CYP2R1) and the circulating serum vitamin D level with overall survival (OS) and second primary cancer (SPC) in 522 Stages I-II radiation-treated patients with HNC. For OS: median follow-up time was 8 years; for SPC, 4.4 years. The most common subsite was the larynx (84%). Three hundred and twelve patients were alive at the end of follow-up for OS. SPCs were diagnosed in 108 patients and were primarily of lung (46%). Serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients carrying the minor alleles of GC:rs4588 and CYP2R1:rs10500804. CYP24A1:rs2296241 was significantly associated with OS and CYP2R1:rs1993116 was with SPC. These two GSVs remained significantly associated after adjusting for serum vitamin D level and important clinical factors. GSVs in the vitamin D metabolism pathway genes were associated with disease outcomes in HNC patients; however, these GSVs are different from those affecting serum vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam Azad
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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141
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Association of vitamin D binding protein polymorphism with long-term kidney allograft survival in Hispanic kidney transplant recipients. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:933-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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142
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Genetic Influences on Circulating Vitamin D Level: A Review. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-012-0278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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143
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144
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Wahl DA, Cooper C, Ebeling PR, Eggersdorfer M, Hilger J, Hoffmann K, Josse R, Kanis JA, Mithal A, Pierroz DD, Stenmark J, Stöcklin E, Dawson-Hughes B. A global representation of vitamin D status in healthy populations. Arch Osteoporos 2012; 7:155-72. [PMID: 23225293 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-012-0093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper visualizes the available data on vitamin D status on a global map, examines the existing heterogeneities in vitamin D status and identifies research gaps. METHODS A graphical illustration of global vitamin D status was developed based on a systematic review of the worldwide literature published between 1990 and 2011. Studies were eligible if they included samples of randomly selected males and females from the general population and assessed circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. Two different age categories were selected: children and adolescents (1-18 years) and adults (>18 years). Studies were chosen to represent a country based on a hierarchical set of criteria. RESULTS In total, 200 studies from 46 countries met the inclusion criteria, most coming from Europe. Forty-two of these studies (21 %) were classified as representative. In children, gaps in data were identified in large parts of Africa, Central and South America, Europe, and most of the Asia/Pacific region. In adults, there was lack of information in Central America, much of South America and Africa. Large regions were identified for which the mean 25(OH)D levels were below 50 nmol/L. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an overview of 25(OH)D levels around the globe. It reveals large gaps in information in children and adolescents and smaller but important gaps in adults. In view of the importance of vitamin D to musculoskeletal growth, development, and preservation, and of its potential importance in other tissues, we strongly encourage new research to clearly define 25(OH)D status around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Wahl
- International Osteoporosis Foundation, Nyon, Switzerland
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145
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Abstract
Vitamin D metabolites are important immune-modulatory hormones and are able to suppress Th2-mediated allergic airway disease. Some genetic factors that may contribute to asthma are regulated by vitamin D, such as vitamin D receptor (VDR), human leukocyte antigen genes (HLA), human Toll-like receptors (TLR), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a disintegrin and metalloprotein-33 (ADAM-33), and poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase- 1 (PARP-1). Vitamin D has also been implicated in asthma through its effects on the obesity, bacillus Calmettee Guérin (BCG) vaccination and high vitamin D level, vitamin D supplement, checkpoint protein kinase 1 (Chk1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and gamma delta T cells (gdT). Vitamin D plays a role in asthma and exerts its action through either genomic and/or non-genomic ways.
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146
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Genetic and environmental predictors of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations among middle-aged and elderly Chinese in Singapore. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:493-502. [PMID: 22583563 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512001675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is known for maintaining Ca homeostasis and bone structure, and may also decrease susceptibility to chronic and infectious diseases. However, data on vitamin D status and its predictors among Southeast Asian populations are limited. We evaluated the distribution and determinants (genetic and environmental) of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations among 504 middle-aged and elderly participants (aged 45-74 years) in the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Data on dietary and other lifestyle factors were collected by trained interviewers. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations and genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolism pathway enzymes (cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2R1, 3A4, 27B1, 24A1; vitamin D binding protein (also known as group-specific component, GC); and vitamin D receptor) were measured using stored biospecimens. Mean 25(OH)D concentration was 68·8 nmol/l. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were positively associated with dietary vitamin D intake, and inversely associated with hours spent sitting at work. BMI was not associated with 25(OH)D concentrations. CYP2R1 rs10741657, rs12794714, rs1993116; CYP3A4 rs2242480; and GC rs4588, rs7041, rs16847015, rs2298849 were statistically significantly associated with 25(OH)D concentrations. Individuals with the Gc2-2 haplotype (rs4588AA/rs7041TT) had statistically significantly lower 25(OH)D concentrations compared to all other Gc haplotypes (P-trend < 0·001). The majority of participants (86 %) had 25(OH)D concentrations ≥ 50 nmol/l, which is consistent with the 2011 Institute of Medicine (US) recommendation for bone health, and 32 % had concentrations of ≥ 75 nmol/l that are thought to be required for broader health effects. Dietary vitamin D intake, hours spent indoors at work and genetic variation in CYP2R1, CYP3A4 and GC are significant predictors of 25(OH)D concentrations among Singapore Chinese.
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147
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Schäfer A, Emmert S, Kruppa J, Schubert S, Tzvetkov M, Mössner R, Reich K, Berking C, Volkenandt M, Pföhler C, Schön MP, Vogt T, König IR, Reichrath J. No association of vitamin D metabolism-related polymorphisms and melanoma risk as well as melanoma prognosis: a case-control study. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 304:353-61. [PMID: 22576141 PMCID: PMC3382284 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive human cancers. The vitamin D system contributes to the pathogenesis and prognosis of malignancies including cutaneous melanoma. An expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and an anti-proliferative effect of vitamin D in melanocytes and melanoma cells have been shown in vitro. Studies examining associations of polymorphisms in genes coding for vitamin D metabolism-related proteins (1α-hydroxylase [CYP27B1], 1,25(OH)2D-24hydroxylase [CYP24A1], vitamin D-binding protein [VDBP]) and cancer risk are scarce, especially with respect to melanoma. Mainly VDR polymorphisms regarding melanoma risk and prognosis were examined although other vitamin D metabolism-related genes may also be crucial. In our hospital-based case–control study including 305 melanoma patients and 370 healthy controls single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes CYP27B1 (rs4646536), CYP24A1 (rs927650), VDBP (rs1155563, rs7041), and VDR (rs757343, rs731236, rs2107301, rs7975232) were analyzed for their association with melanoma risk and prognosis. Except VDR rs731236 and VDR rs2107301, the other six polymorphisms have not been analyzed regarding melanoma before. To further improve the prevention as well as the treatment of melanoma, it is important to identify further genetic markers for melanoma risk as well as prognosis in addition to the crude phenotypic, demographic, and environmental markers used in the clinic today. A panel of genetic risk markers could help to better identify individuals at risk for melanoma development or worse prognosis. We, however, found that none of the polymorphisms tested was associated with melanoma risk as well as prognosis in logistic and linear regression models in our study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Schäfer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Kruppa
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig–Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Straße 1, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Steffen Schubert
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mladen Tzvetkov
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rotraut Mössner
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristian Reich
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Dermatologikum Hamburg, Stephansplatz 5, 20354 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Volkenandt
- Dermatologikum Hamburg, Stephansplatz 5, 20354 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Pföhler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Clinic Saarland, Building 18, 66041 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael P. Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Clinic Saarland, Building 18, 66041 Homburg, Germany
| | - Inke R. König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig–Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Straße 1, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Reichrath
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Clinic Saarland, Building 18, 66041 Homburg, Germany
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148
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Increased prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in patients with breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 134:709-17. [PMID: 22562178 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy are at risk of cancer treatment-induced bone loss and consequently of increased skeletal morbidity. In addition, this situation could be worsened by the fact that only a minority of patients with breast cancer have sufficient vitamin D. A comprehensive evaluation of bone homeostasis is critical in this context. We retrospectively evaluated the serum levels of calcium, vitamin D, TRAIL, RANK ligand (RANKL), Osteoprotegerin (OPG), Bone TRAP, CrossLaps and DKK1 in 77 patients (median age: 50 years; range 25-74), with locally advanced breast cancer treated in our institute with anthracyclines-taxane neoadjuvant chemotherapy (7 cycles of 21 days/each) between March 2007 and August 2008. Serum samples were collected before the first (baseline) and the last treatment cycle. Variations and correlations between biomarker levels were evaluated. At baseline, 79.5 % of patients had vitamin D insufficiency (<30 ng/ml), increasing to 97.4 % at the end of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.0001). Calcium and RANKL serum concentrations were also significantly decreased, while OPG was significantly increased, resulting in lower RANKL/OPG ratio. Calcium and vitamin D, RANKL and vitamin D and RANKL and OPG levels were significantly correlated (Spearman's coefficient r = 0.2721, p = 0.0006; r = 0.1916, p = 0.002; and r = -0.179, p = 0.03, respectively). Nearly all included patients suffered from vitamin D insufficiency by the end of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy with changes in the calcium/RANKL/OPG axis that are evocative of deregulation of a functional regulatory mechanism. Further studies are needed to determine how drugs modulate this regulatory mechanism to preserve bone homeostasis in patients with breast cancer.
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149
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Takiishi T, Gysemans C, Bouillon R, Mathieu C. Vitamin D and diabetes. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2012; 38:179-206. [PMID: 22525851 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is no doubt that vitamin D deficiency is the cause of several metabolic bone diseases, but vitamin D status is also linked to many major human diseases including immune disorders. Mounting data strengthen the link between vitamin D and diabetes, in particular T1D and T2D. Despite some inconsistencies between studies that associate serum 25(OH)D levels with the risk of developing T1D or T2D, there seems to be an overall trend for an inverse correlation between levels of 25(OH)D and both disorders. There is also compelling evidence that 1,25(OH)2D regulates b-cell function by different mechanisms, such as influencing insulin secretion by regulating intracellular levels of Ca2+, increasing β-cell resistance to apoptosis, and perhaps also increasing β-cell replication. The capacity of vitamin D, more specifically 1,25(OH)2D, to modulate immune responses is of particular interest for both the therapy and prevention of diabetes. In the case of T1D, vitamin D supplementation in prediabetic individuals could help prevent or reduce the initiation of autoimmune processes possibly by regulating thymic selection of the T-cell repertoire, decreasing the numbers of autoreactive T cells, and inducing Treg cells. Although immune modulation is generally discussed for the treatment of T1D, it is also relevant for T2D. Indeed, recent studies have shown that T2D patients have increased systemic inflammation and that this state can induce β-cell dysfunction and death. Supplementation trials with regular vitamin D for the protection against the development of T1D and T2D have generated some contradictory data, but many weaknesses can be identified in these trials as most were underpowered or open-labeled. However, the overwhelming strength of preclinical data and of the observational studies make vitamin D or its analogues strong candidates for the prevention or treatment of diabetes or its complications. However, proof of causality needs well-designed clinical trials and if positive, adequate dosing, regimen, and compound studies are needed to define the contribution of vitamin D status and therapy in the global diabetes problem. There are many confounding factors that need to be taken into consideration when translating successful vitamin D therapies in animal models into humans, for example, gender, age, lifestyle, and genetic background. To come to solid conclusions on the potential of vitamin D or its analogues in the prevention of or therapy for all forms of diabetes, it is clear that large prospective trials with carefully selected populations and end points will be needed, but should also receive high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Takiishi
- Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology (LEGENDO), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, UZ Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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150
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Saliba W, Rennert HS, Kershenbaum A, Rennert G. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations in sunny Israel. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:687-94. [PMID: 21416123 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY This study assesses vitamin D status in Israel. Serum 25(OH)D levels <25 and <50 nmol/L are common in Israel with noted differences between Arabs and Jews, Arab females were particularly at high risk. These findings may require public health intervention at the population level. INTRODUCTION Small studies from Israel have suggested a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent of hypovitaminosis D among demographic subgroups in Israel. METHODS The data of this study are from the Clalit Health Services (CHS) which is a non-for-profit health maintenance organization (HMO) covering more than half of the Israeli population. We included all CHS members for whom a 25(OH)D test result in 2009 was available and who were not taking vitamin D supplements in 2008-2009 before that 25(OH)D result. Complete data were available for 198,834 members. RESULTS The mean level of 25(OH)D was 51.9 ± 24.5 nmol/L and was higher in summer compared to winter (P < 0.0001). Level <25, <37.5, and <50 nmol/L were detected in 14.4%, 30.7%, and 49.9% of tests; 16.4% had levels >75 nmol/L. Females had higher prevalence of 25(OH)D levels < 50 nmol/L which were found in 51.8% of females versus 45.0% in males (P < 0.0001); 76.7% of the Arabs had levels <50 nmol/L versus 46.5% in Jews (P < 0.0001). Arabs females were particularly at high risk for 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L; 84.8% of them had levels <50 nmol/L versus 48.1% of Jewish females (P < 0.0001). The relation of 25(OH)D levels with age had a sinusoidal shape among Jews, a U-shape in Arab females, and inverse linear pattern in Arab males. CONCLUSIONS 25(OH)D levels <25 and <50 nmol/L are common in Israel. Public health measures are needed for values lesser than about 30 nmol/L and further monitoring of concentrations between about 30 and 50 nmol/L to determine if there are adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Saliba
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center, Clalit Health Services, and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 7 Michal St., Haifa 34362, Israel.
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