104
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Renoux VM, Bisig B, Langers I, Dortu E, Clémenceau B, Thiry M, Deroanne C, Colige A, Boniver J, Delvenne P, Jacobs N. Human papillomavirus entry into NK cells requires CD16 expression and triggers cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:3240-52. [PMID: 21830210 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections account for more than 50% of infection-linked cancers in women worldwide. The immune system controls, at least partially, viral infection and around 90% of HPV-infected women clear the virus within two years. However, it remains unclear which immune cells are implicated in this process and no study has evaluated the direct interaction between HPVs and NK cells, a key player in host resistance to viruses and tumors. We demonstrated an NK-cell infiltration in HPV-associated preneoplastic cervical lesions. Since HPVs cannot grow in vitro, virus-like particles (VLPs) were used as a model for studying the NK-cell response against the virus. Interestingly, NK cells displayed higher cytotoxic activity and cytokine production (TNF-α and IFN-γ) in the presence of HPV-VLPs. Using flow cytometry and microscopy, we observed that NK-cell stimulation was linked to rapid VLP entry into these cells by macropinocytosis. Using CD16(+) and CD16(-) NK-cell lines and a CD16-blocking antibody, we demonstrated that CD16 is necessary for HPV-VLP internalization, as well as for degranulation and cytokine production. Thus, we show for the first time that NK cells interact with HPVs and can participate in the immune response against HPV-induced lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie M Renoux
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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107
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Schlub TE, Sun JC, Walton SM, Robbins SH, Pinto AK, Munks MW, Hill AB, Brossay L, Oxenius A, Davenport MP. Comparing the kinetics of NK cells, CD4, and CD8 T cells in murine cytomegalovirus infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:1385-92. [PMID: 21697462 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
NK cells recognize virus-infected cells with germline-encoded activating and inhibitory receptors that do not undergo genetic recombination or mutation. Accordingly, NK cells are often considered part of the innate immune response. The innate response comprises rapid early defenders that do not form immune memory. However, there is increasing evidence that experienced NK cells provide increased protection to secondary infection, a hallmark of the adaptive response. In this study, we compare the dynamics of the innate and adaptive immune responses by examining the kinetic profiles of the NK and T cell response to murine CMV infection. We find that, unexpectedly, the kinetics of NK cell proliferation is neither earlier nor faster than the CD4 or CD8 T cell response. Furthermore, early NK cell contraction after the peak of the response is slower than that of T cells. Finally, unlike T cells, experienced NK cells do not experience biphasic decay after the response peak, a trait associated with memory formation. Rather, NK cell contraction is continuous, constant, and returns to below endogenous preinfection levels. This indicates that the reason why Ag-experienced NK cells remain detectable for a prolonged period after adoptive transfer and infection is in part due to the high precursor frequency, slow decay rate, and low background levels of Ly49H(+) NK cells in recipient DAP12-deficient mice. Thus, the quantitative contribution of Ag-experienced NK cells in an endogenous secondary response, with higher background levels of Ly49H(+) NK cells, may be not be as robust as the secondary response observed in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Schlub
- Complex Systems in Biology Group, Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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108
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Toka FN, Kenney MA, Golde WT. Rapid and transient activation of γδ T cells to IFN-γ production, NK cell-like killing, and antigen processing during acute virus infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:4853-61. [PMID: 21383249 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are the majority peripheral blood T cells in young cattle. The role of γδ T cells in innate responses against infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus was analyzed on consecutive 5 d following infection. Before infection, bovine WC1(+) γδ T cells expressed a nonactivated phenotype relative to CD62L, CD45RO, and CD25 expression and did not produce IFN-γ ex vivo. Additionally, CD335 expression was lacking and no spontaneous target cell lysis could be detected in vitro, although perforin was detectable at a very low level. MHC class II and CD13 expression were also lacking. Following infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus, expression of CD62L and CD45RO was greatly reduced on WC1(+) γδ T cells, and unexpectedly, CD45RO expression did not recover. A transient increase in expression of CD25 correlated with production of IFN-γ. Expression of CD335 and production of perforin were detected on a subset of γδ T cells, and this correlated with an increased spontaneous killing of xenogeneic target cells. Furthermore, increased MHC class II expression was detected on WC1(+) γδ T cells, and these cells processed protein Ags. These activities are rapidly induced, within 3 d, and wane by 5 d following infection. All of these functions, NK-like killing, Ag processing, and IFN-γ production, have been demonstrated for these cells in various species. However, these results are unique in that all these functions are detected in the same samples of WC1(+) γδ T cells, suggesting a pivotal role of these cells in controlling virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix N Toka
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
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109
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Khatri M, Dwivedi V, Krakowka S, Manickam C, Ali A, Wang L, Qin Z, Renukaradhya GJ, Lee CW. Swine influenza H1N1 virus induces acute inflammatory immune responses in pig lungs: a potential animal model for human H1N1 influenza virus. J Virol 2010; 84:11210-8. [PMID: 20719941 PMCID: PMC2953174 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01211-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs are capable of generating reassortant influenza viruses of pandemic potential, as both the avian and mammalian influenza viruses can infect pig epithelial cells in the respiratory tract. The source of the current influenza pandemic is H1N1 influenza A virus, possibly of swine origin. This study was conducted to understand better the pathogenesis of H1N1 influenza virus and associated host mucosal immune responses during acute infection in humans. Therefore, we chose a H1N1 swine influenza virus, Sw/OH/24366/07 (SwIV), which has a history of transmission to humans. Clinically, inoculated pigs had nasal discharge and fever and shed virus through nasal secretions. Like pandemic H1N1, SwIV also replicated extensively in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts, and lung lesions were typical of H1N1 infection. We detected innate, proinflammatory, Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokines, as well as SwIV-specific IgA antibody in lungs of the virus-inoculated pigs. Production of IFN-γ by lymphocytes of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes was also detected. Higher frequencies of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, γδ T cells, dendritic cells, activated T cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were detected in SwIV-infected pig lungs. Concomitantly, higher frequencies of the immunosuppressive T regulatory cells were also detected in the virus-infected pig lungs. The findings of this study have relevance to pathogenesis of the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in humans; thus, pigs may serve as a useful animal model to design and test effective mucosal vaccines and therapeutics against influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Khatri
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China 250023, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Varun Dwivedi
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China 250023, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Steven Krakowka
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China 250023, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China 250023, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China 250023, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Leyi Wang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China 250023, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Zhuoming Qin
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China 250023, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Gourapura J. Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China 250023, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691. Phone for G. J. Renukaradhya: (330) 263-3748. Fax: (330) 263-3677. E-mail: . Phone for C.-W. Lee: (330) 263-3750. Fax: (330) 263-3677. E-mail:
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China 250023, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691. Phone for G. J. Renukaradhya: (330) 263-3748. Fax: (330) 263-3677. E-mail: . Phone for C.-W. Lee: (330) 263-3750. Fax: (330) 263-3677. E-mail:
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