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Ahmad A, Tabassum H, Nabi R, Mishra A, Ahmad IZ. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Lepidium Sativum L Seed Extract: Formulation, Optimization and In vitro Cytotoxicity Studies. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2022; 72:284-293. [PMID: 35504297 DOI: 10.1055/a-1800-5956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study focused on important bioactive compounds in plants that make them pharmacologically valuable. Therefore, this study was aimed to develop Lepidium sativum (L. sativum) seed extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and explore its cytotoxic effect on human liver cancer cells (HepG2 cells). The ethanolic extract of L. sativam used to develop L. sativum seed extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for phytochemical profiling. The L. sativum seed extract loaded SLNs were efficaciously prepared by the nanoprecipitation method and screened on the basis of physicochemical properties. The L. sativum seed extract loaded SLN-2 was characterized using various parameters like particle size (237.1±0.104), % entrapment efficiency (80±1.15), zeta potential (42.1±0.102) and % drug release (45% at the end 8 hours and release the entire amount in 12 h). The SLN-2 formulation was optimized based on the recipient factor, and SLN-2 was used to further evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The IC50 value of SLN2 was 52.37 ug/ml and sub IC50 26.1 ug/ml at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Thus, we concluded that L. sativum extract loaded SLN-2 could act as an alternative therapy, possibly controlling therapeutic action by making a substantial reduction in side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Department of Biotechnology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Pune, Maharastra, India
| | - Rabia Nabi
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuradha Mishra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Iffat Zareen Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Pune, Maharastra, India
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Razavi MS, Ebrahimnejad P, Fatahi Y, D'Emanuele A, Dinarvand R. Recent Developments of Nanostructures for the Ocular Delivery of Natural Compounds. Front Chem 2022; 10:850757. [PMID: 35494641 PMCID: PMC9043530 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.850757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular disorders comprising various diseases of the anterior and posterior segments are considered as the main reasons for blindness. Natural products have been identified as potential treatments for ocular diseases due to their anti-oxidative, antiangiogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Unfortunately, most of these beneficial compounds are characterised by low solubility which results in low bioavailability and rapid systemic clearance thus requiring frequent administration or requiring high doses, which hinders their therapeutic applications. Additionally, the therapeutic efficiency of ocular drug delivery as a popular route of drug administration for the treatment of ocular diseases is restricted by various anatomical and physiological barriers. Recently, nanotechnology-based strategies including polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, nanofibers, dendrimers, lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, and niosomes have emerged as promising approaches to overcome limitations and enhance ocular drug bioavailability by effective delivery to the target sites. This review provides an overview of nano-drug delivery systems of natural compounds such as thymoquinone, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, curcumin, berberine, pilocarpine, genistein, resveratrol, quercetin, naringenin, lutein, kaempferol, baicalin, and tetrandrine for ocular applications. This approach involves increasing drug concentration in the carriers to enhance drug movement into and through the ocular barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Sadat Razavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedram Ebrahimnejad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antony D'Emanuele
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Gujjari L, Kalani H, Pindiprolu SK, Arakareddy BP, Yadagiri G. Current challenges and nanotechnology-based pharmaceutical strategies for the treatment and control of malaria. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2022; 17:e00244. [PMID: 35243049 PMCID: PMC8866151 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the prevalent tropical diseases caused by the parasitic protozoan of the genus Plasmodium spp. With an estimated 228 million cases, it is a major public health concern with high incidence of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The emergence of drug-resistant parasites, inadequate vector control measures, and the non-availability of effective vaccine(s) against malaria pose a serious challenge to malaria eradication especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. Malaria treatment and control comprehensively relies on chemical compounds, which encompass various complications, including severe toxic effects, emergence of drug resistance, and high cost of therapy. To overcome the clinical failures of anti-malarial chemotherapy, a new drug development is of an immediate need. However, the drug discovery and development process is expensive and time consuming. In such a scenario, nanotechnological strategies may offer promising alternative approach for the treatment and control of malaria, with improved efficacy and safety. Nanotechnology based formulations of existing anti-malarial chemotherapeutic agents prove to exceed the limitations of existing therapies in relation to optimum therapeutic benefits, safety, and cost effectiveness, which indeed advances the patient's compliance in treatment. In this review, the shortcomings of malaria therapeutics and necessity of nanotechnological strategies for treating malaria were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohitha Gujjari
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Hamed Kalani
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sai Kiran Pindiprolu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh 533003, India
| | | | - Ganesh Yadagiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh 533003, India
- Centre for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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A single oral dose of celecoxib-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for treatment of different developmental stages of experimental schistosomiasis mansoni. Acta Trop 2022; 229:106342. [PMID: 35157841 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical parasitic disease, is associated with severe pathology, mortality and economic loss. The treatment and control of schistosomiasis depends mainly on a single dose of praziquantel (PZQ). Drug repurposing and nanomedicine attract great attention to improve anti-schistosomal therapy. Previously, we reported that celecoxib (CELE), the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, showed potent anti-schistosomal efficacy in an oral dose of 20 mg/kg/day for five days against different developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) infection in mice. The aim of the current study was to shorten the duration of CELE treatment to reach an effective single oral dose against different developmental stages of S. mansoni infection using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as nano-carriers. The latter enhance the solubility, bioavailability and drug delivery and hence can decrease the frequency of administration which is of great clinical value. CELE-loaded SLNs showed good colloidal properties, high entrapment efficiency and drug loading, sustained biphasic release pattern with excellent storage stability. The used regimen was efficient against different developmental stages of S. mansoni infection with the most pronounced effect against the juvenile stage where the worm load, the hepatic egg count and the intestinal egg count were reduced by 86.39%, 91.45% and 90.11%, respectively. Meanwhile, when targeting the invasive and the adult stages, it induced reduction in the worm load by 73.55% and 78.22%, the hepatic egg count by 69.99% and 75.39% and the intestinal egg count by 77.57% and 79.89%, respectively. Additionally, CELE-loaded SLNs caused extensive tegumental damage of adult worms and marked improvement in the liver pathology.
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105
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Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery: An Overview with Emphasis on Vitamin D and K Transportation. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081376. [PMID: 35458084 PMCID: PMC9024560 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that supplementation with vitamin D and K or their analogs induces beneficial effects in various diseases, e.g., osteoarticular, cardiovascular, or carcinogenesis. The use of drugs delivery systems via organic and inorganic nanocarriers increases the bioavailability of vitamins and analogs, enhancing their cellular delivery and effects. The nanotechnology-based dietary supplements and drugs produced by the food and pharmaceutical industries overcome the issues associated with vitamin administration, such as stability, absorption or low bioavailability. Consequently, there is a continuous interest in optimizing the carriers' systems in order to make them more efficient and specific for the targeted tissue. In this pioneer review, we try to circumscribe the most relevant aspects related to nanocarriers for drug delivery, compare different types of nanoparticles for vitamin D and K transportation, and critically address their benefits and disadvantages.
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Garg J, Pathania K, Sah SP, Pawar SV. Nanostructured lipid carriers: a promising drug carrier for targeting brain tumours. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In recent years, the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine has transformed the pharmaceutical industry with the development of novel drug delivery systems that overcome the shortcomings of traditional drug delivery systems. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), also known as the second-generation lipid nanocarriers, are one such efficient and targeted drug delivery system that has gained immense attention all across due to their myriad advantages and applications. Scientific advancements have revolutionized our health system, but still, brain diseases like brain tumour have remained formidable owing to poor prognosis and the challenging drug delivery to the brain tissue. In this review, we highlighted the application and potential of NLCs in brain-specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents.
Main body
NLCs are lipid-based formulations with a solid matrix at room temperature and offer advantages like enhanced stability, low toxicity, increased shelf life, improved drug loading capacity, and biocompatibility over other conventional lipid-based nanocarriers such as nanoemulsions and solid lipid nanoparticles. This review meticulously articulates the structure, classification, components, and various methods of preparation exemplified with various research studies along with their advantages and disadvantages. The concept of drug loading and release has been discussed followed by a brief about stability and strategies to improve stability of NLCs. The review also summarizes various in vitro and in vivo research studies on NLCs encapsulated with cytotoxic drugs and their potential application in brain-specific drug delivery.
Conclusion
NLCs are employed as an important carrier for the delivery of food, cosmetics, and medicines and recently have been used in brain targeting, cancer, and gene therapy. However, in this review, the applications and importance of NLCs in targeting brain tumour have been discussed in detail stating examples of various research studies conducted in recent years. In addition, to shed light on the promising role of NLCs, the current clinical status of NLCs has also been summarized.
Graphical Abstract
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107
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Musielak E, Feliczak-Guzik A, Nowak I. Optimization of the Conditions of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) Synthesis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072202. [PMID: 35408600 PMCID: PMC9000502 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have been synthesized as potential drug delivery systems. They are classified as solid lipid nanocarriers that can successfully carry both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. SLNs are based on a biocompatible lipid matrix that is enzymatically degraded into natural components found in the human body. Solid lipid nanoparticles are suitable for the incorporation of hydrophobic active ingredients such as curcumin. The study included the optimization of lipid nanoparticle composition, incorporation of the active compound (curcumin), a stability evaluation of the obtained nanocarriers and characterization of their lipid matrix. Through process optimization, a dispersion of solid lipid nanoparticles (solid lipid:surfactant—2:1.25 weight ratio) predisposed to the incorporation of curcumin was developed. The encapsulation efficiency of the active ingredient was determined to be 99.80%. In stability studies, it was found that the most suitable conditions for conducting high-pressure homogenization are 300 bar pressure, three cycles and a closed-loop system. This yields the required values of the physicochemical parameters (a particle size within a 200−450 nm range; a polydispersity index of <30%; and a zeta potential of about |±30 mV|). In this work, closed-loop high-pressure homogenization was used for the first time and compared to the currently preferred open-loop method.
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108
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Agrawal S, Garg A, Varshney V. Recent updates on applications of Lipid-based nanoparticles for site-specific drug delivery. Pharm Nanotechnol 2022; 10:24-41. [PMID: 35249522 DOI: 10.2174/2211738510666220304111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Site-specific drug delivery is a widespread and demanding area nowadays. Lipid-based nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have shown promising effects for targeting drugs among lymphatic systems, brain tissues, lungs, and skin. Recently, lipid nanoparticles are used for targeting the brain via the mucosal route for local therapeutic effects. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) can help in enhancing the efficacy and lowering the toxicities of anticancer drugs to treat the tumors, particularly in lymph after metastases of tumors. LNPs contain a non-polar core that can improve the absorption of lipophilic drugs into the lymph node and treat tumors. Cellular uptake of drugs can also be enhanced using LNPs and therefore, LNPs are the ideal carrier for treating intracellular infections such as leishmaniasis, tuberculosis and parasitic infection in the brain, etc. Furthermore, specific surface modifications with molecules like mannose, or PEG could improve the macrophage uptake and hence effectively eradicate parasites hiding in macrophages. METHOD An electronic literature search was conducted to update the advancements in the field of site-specific drug delivery utilizing lipid-based nanoparticles. A search of the Scopus database (https://www.scopus.com/home.uri) was conducted using the following keywords: lipid-based nanoparticles; site specific delivery. CONCLUSION Solid lipid nanoparticles have shown site-specific targeted delivery to various organs including the liver, oral mucosa, brain, epidermis, pulmonary and lymphatic systems. These lipid-based systems showed improved bioavailability as well as reduced side effects. Therefore, the focus of this article is to review the recent research studies on LNPs for site-specific or targeting drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanshu Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, U.P., India
| | - Anuj Garg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, U.P., India
| | - Vikas Varshney
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, U.P., India
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Cerqueira M, Belmonte-Reche E, Gallo J, Baltazar F, Bañobre-López M. Magnetic Solid Nanoparticles and Their Counterparts: Recent Advances towards Cancer Theranostics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030506. [PMID: 35335882 PMCID: PMC8950239 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is currently a leading cause of death worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates an increase of 60% in the global cancer incidence in the next two decades. The inefficiency of the currently available therapies has prompted an urgent effort to develop new strategies that enable early diagnosis and improve response to treatment. Nanomedicine formulations can improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of conventional therapies and result in optimized cancer treatments. In particular, theranostic formulations aim at addressing the high heterogeneity of tumors and metastases by integrating imaging properties that enable a non-invasive and quantitative assessment of tumor targeting efficiency, drug delivery, and eventually the monitoring of the response to treatment. However, in order to exploit their full potential, the promising results observed in preclinical stages need to achieve clinical translation. Despite the significant number of available functionalization strategies, targeting efficiency is currently one of the major limitations of advanced nanomedicines in the oncology area, highlighting the need for more efficient nanoformulation designs that provide them with selectivity for precise cancer types and tumoral tissue. Under this current need, this review provides an overview of the strategies currently applied in the cancer theranostics field using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), where both nanocarriers have recently entered the clinical trials stage. The integration of these formulations into magnetic solid lipid nanoparticles—with different composition and phenotypic activity—constitutes a new generation of theranostic nanomedicines with great potential for the selective, controlled, and safe delivery of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Cerqueira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- Advanced (Magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, Nanomedicine Unit, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (E.B.-R.); (J.G.)
| | - Efres Belmonte-Reche
- Advanced (Magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, Nanomedicine Unit, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (E.B.-R.); (J.G.)
| | - Juan Gallo
- Advanced (Magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, Nanomedicine Unit, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (E.B.-R.); (J.G.)
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (M.B.-L.)
| | - Manuel Bañobre-López
- Advanced (Magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, Nanomedicine Unit, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (E.B.-R.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (M.B.-L.)
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Ghosh S, Jayaram P, Kabekkodu SP, Satyamoorthy K. Targeted drug delivery in cervical cancer: Current perspectives. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 917:174751. [PMID: 35021110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is preventable yet one of the most prevalent cancers among women around the globe. Though regular screening has resulted in the decline in incidence, the disease claims a high number of lives every year, especially in the developing countries. Owing to rather aggressive and non-specific nature of the conventional chemotherapeutics, there is a growing need for newer treatment modalities. The advent of nanotechnology has assisted in this through the use of nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery. A number of nanocarriers are continuously being developed and studied for their application in drug delivery. The present review summarises the different drug delivery approaches and nanocarriers that can be useful, their advantages and limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriti Ghosh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Pradyumna Jayaram
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Behravan N, Zahedipour F, Jaafari MR, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Lipid-based nanoparticulate delivery systems for HER2-positive breast cancer immunotherapy. Life Sci 2022; 291:120294. [PMID: 34998838 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticulate delivery platforms such as liposomes help overcome cell and tissue barriers and allow prolonged therapeutic plasma drug concentrations, simultaneous targeting of tumor tissue, and increased bioavailability of numerous drugs used for treatment of cancer. The human epidermal growth factor receptor, HER2, is an important player in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and is considered a potential cancer biomarker for the design of immunotherapeutics. HER2-positive breast cancer is found in up to 30% of breast cancer patients. Currently, a variety of lipid nanoparticulate systems are being evaluated in preclinical settings and in clinical trials for targeting HER2-positive breast cancer. Advances in functionalized anti-HER2 lipid nanoparticulates have demonstrated promise and may lead to the development of new nano-immunotherapy protocols against HER2 positive breast cancer. Here we present a review of the most up-to-date literature, including our own research, on the use of lipid nanoparticulate carriers in immunotherapy of HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Behravan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Wang CPJ, Byun MJ, Kim SN, Park W, Park HH, Kim TH, Lee JS, Park CG. Biomaterials as therapeutic drug carriers for inflammatory bowel disease treatment. J Control Release 2022; 345:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Teja PK, Mithiya J, Kate AS, Bairwa K, Chauthe SK. Herbal nanomedicines: Recent advancements, challenges, opportunities and regulatory overview. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153890. [PMID: 35026510 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal Nano Medicines (HNMs) are nano-sized medicine containing herbal drugs as extracts, enriched fractions or biomarker constituents. HNMs have certain advantages because of their increased bioavailability and reduced toxicities. There are very few literature reports that address the common challenges of herbal nanoformulations, such as selecting the type/class of nanoformulation for an extract or a phytochemical, selection and optimisation of preparation method and physicochemical parameters. Although researchers have shown more interest in this field in the last decade, there is still an urgent need for systematic analysis of HNMs. PURPOSE This review aims to provide the recent advancement in various herbal nanomedicines like polymeric herbal nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, phytosomes, nano-micelles, self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system, nanofibers, liposomes, dendrimers, ethosomes, nanoemulsion, nanosuspension, and carbon nanotube; their evaluation parameters, challenges, and opportunities. Additionally, regulatory aspects and future perspectives of herbal nanomedicines are also being covered to some extent. METHODS The scientific data provided in this review article are retrieved by a thorough analysis of numerous research and review articles, textbooks, and patents searched using the electronic search tools like Sci-Finder, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, ACS, Medline Plus and Web of Science. RESULTS In this review, the authors suggested the suitability of nanoformulation for a particular type of extracts or enriched fraction of phytoconstituents based on their solubility and permeability profile (similar to the BCS class of drugs). This review focuses on different strategies for optimising preparation methods for various HNMs to ensure reproducibility in context with all the physicochemical parameters like particle size, surface area, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, and drug release, along with the consistent therapeutic index. CONCLUSION A combination of herbal medicine with nanotechnology can be an essential tool for the advancement of herbal medicine research with enhanced bioavailability and fewer toxicities. Despite the challenges related to traditional medicine's safe and effective use, there is huge scope for nanotechnology-based herbal medicines. Overall, it is well stabilized that herbal nanomedicines are safer, have higher bioavailability, and have enhanced therapeutic value than conventional herbal and synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parusu Kavya Teja
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Jinal Mithiya
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhijeet S Kate
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Khemraj Bairwa
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India..
| | - Siddheshwar K Chauthe
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India..
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Sainaga Jyothi VG, Ghouse SM, Khatri DK, Nanduri S, Singh SB, Madan J. Lipid nanoparticles in topical dermal drug delivery: Does chemistry of lipid persuade skin penetration? J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Mihanfar A, Yousefi B, Majidinia M. Nanotechnology-based advances in the efficient delivery of melatonin. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:43. [PMID: 35093076 PMCID: PMC8800219 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl] or simply melatonin is a biogenic amine produced by pineal gland and recently recognized various other organs. Because of a broad range of biological function melatonin is considered as a therapeutic agent with high efficacy in the treatment of multiple disorders, such as cancer, degenerative disorders and immune disease. However, since melatonin can affect receptors on the cellular membrane, in the nucleus and can act as an anti-oxidant molecule, some unwanted effects may be observed after administration. Therefore, the entrapment of melatonin in biocompatible, biodegradable and safe nano-delivery systems can prevent its degradation in circulation; decrease its toxicity with increased half-life, enhanced pharmacokinetic profile leading to improved patient compliance. Because of this, nanoparticles have been used to deliver melatonin in multiple studies, and the present article aims to cumulatively illustrate their findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ainaz Mihanfar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Orjhans Street, Resalat Blvd, Urmia, Iran.
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Design and Preparation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLN)-Mediated DNA Vaccines. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2412:355-366. [PMID: 34918255 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing application of nucleic acid vaccines is driving demand for new delivery systems to improve stability and efficacy of DNA vaccines. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are a particulate carrier system composed of a solid lipid core and a cationic lipid surface suitable for binding negatively charged DNA. SLN delivery systems can be used to bind DNA resulting in an SLN/DNA complex (termed "lipoplex") which can be used as a potential vaccine.In this chapter, the methodologies associated with the use of SLNs as a DNA vaccine nanocarrier are discussed. First, requirements for an effective experimental lipoplex vaccine are discussed along with current and historical examples. Then, flowcharts for design and synthesis of lipoplex vaccines are outlined, followed by detailed materials and methods for synthesis and characterization of lipoplex vaccines.
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Khodaverdi H, Zeini MS, Moghaddam MM, Vazifedust S, Akbariqomi M, Tebyanian H. Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of the Anti-Cancer Drugs: A Review. Curr Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1012-1033. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666220117102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Cancer is one of the main reasons for mortality worldwide. Chemotherapeutic agents have been effectively designed to increase certain patients' survival rates, but ordinarily designed chemotherapeutic agents necessarily deliver toxic chemotherapeutic drugs to healthy tissues, resulting in serious side effects. Cancer cells can often acquire drug resistance after repeated dosing of current chemotherapeutic agents, restricting their efficacy. Given such obstacles, investigators have attempted to distribute chemotherapeutic agents using targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs), especially nanotechnology-based DDSs. Lipid-Based Nanoparticles (LBNPs) are a large and complex class of substances that have been utilized to manage a variety of diseases, mostly cancer. Liposomes seem to be the most frequently employed LBNPs, owing to their high biocompatibility, bioactivity, stability, and flexibility; howbeit Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Non-structured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) have lately received a lot of interest. Besides that, there are several reports that concentrate on novel therapies via LBNPs to manage various forms of cancer. In the present research, the latest improvements in the application of LBNPs have been shown to deliver different therapeutic agents to cancerous cells and have been demonstrated LBNPs also can be a quite successful candidate in cancer therapy for subsequent use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Khodaverdi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shokrian Zeini
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mostafa Akbariqomi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Tebyanian
- School of Dentistry, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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118
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Lee MJ, Lee I, Wang K. Recent Advances in RNA Therapy and Its Carriers to Treat the Single-Gene Neurological Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010158. [PMID: 35052837 PMCID: PMC8773368 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new sequencing technologies in the post-genomic era has accelerated the identification of causative mutations of several single gene disorders. Advances in cell and animal models provide insights into the underlining pathogenesis, which facilitates the development and maturation of new treatment strategies. The progress in biochemistry and molecular biology has established a new class of therapeutics—the short RNAs and expressible long RNAs. The sequences of therapeutic RNAs can be optimized to enhance their stability and translatability with reduced immunogenicity. The chemically-modified RNAs can also increase their stability during intracellular trafficking. In addition, the development of safe and high efficiency carriers that preserves the integrity of therapeutic RNA molecules also accelerates the transition of RNA therapeutics into the clinic. For example, for diseases that are caused by genetic defects in a specific protein, an effective approach termed “protein replacement therapy” can provide treatment through the delivery of modified translatable mRNAs. Short interference RNAs can also be used to treat diseases caused by gain of function mutations or restore the splicing aberration defects. Here we review the applications of newly developed RNA-based therapeutics and its delivery and discuss the clinical evidence supporting the potential of RNA-based therapy in single-gene neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jen Lee
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10012, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10012, Taiwan
| | - Inyoul Lee
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-206-732-1336
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Markova E, Taneska L, Kostovska M, Shalabalija D, Mihailova L, Glavas Dodov M, Makreski P, Geskovski N, Petrushevska M, N Taravari A, Simonoska Crcarevska M. Design and evaluation of nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with Salvia officinalis extract for Alzheimer's disease treatment. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1368-1390. [PMID: 35019231 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering the potential of Salvia officinalis in prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as the ability of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to successfully deliver drug molecules across blood-brain barrier (BBB), the objective of this study was design, development, optimization and characterization of freeze-dried salvia officinalis extract (FSE) loaded NLC intended for intranasal administration. NLC were prepared by solvent evaporation method and the optimization was carried out using central composite design (CCD) of experiments. Further, the optimized formulation (NLCo) was coated either with chitosan (NLCc) or poloxamer (NLCp). Surface characterization of the particles demonstrated a spherical shape with smooth exterior. Particle size of optimal formulations after 0.45 μm pore size filtration ranged from 127 ± 0.68 nm to 140 ± 0.74 nm. The zeta potential was -25.6 ± 0.404 mV; 22.4 ± 1.106 mV and - 6.74 ± 0.609 mV for NLCo, NLCc, and NLCp, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the formation of NLC whereas Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the FSE encapsulation into particles. All formulations showcased relatively high drug loading (>86.74 mcg FSE/mg solid lipid) and were characterized by prolonged and controlled release that followed Peppas-Sahlin in vitro release kinetic model. Protein adsorption studies revealed the lowest adsorption of the proteins onto NLCp (43.53 ± 0.07%) and highest protein adsorption onto NLCc (55.97 ± 0.75%) surface. The modified ORAC assay demonstrated higher antioxidative activity for NLCo (95.31 ± 1.86%) and NLCc (97.76 ± 4.00%) as compared to FSE (90.30 ± 1.53%). Results obtained from cell cultures tests pointed to the potential of prepared NLCs for FSE brain targeting and controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Markova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Lea Taneska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Monika Kostovska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Dushko Shalabalija
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Ljubica Mihailova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Marija Glavas Dodov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Petre Makreski
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Nikola Geskovski
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Marija Petrushevska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Arben N Taravari
- University Clinic for Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Maja Simonoska Crcarevska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
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Basyuni M, Bimantara Y, Cuc NTK, Balke T, Vovides AG. Macrozoobenthic community assemblage as key indicator for mangrove restoration success in North Sumatra and Aceh, Indonesia. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Basyuni
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan 20155 Indonesia
- Center of Excellence for Mangrove Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan 20155 Indonesia
| | - Yuntha Bimantara
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan 20155 Indonesia
| | - Nguyen T. K. Cuc
- Department of Environment Thuyloi University 175, Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Thorsten Balke
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences University of Glasgow East Quadrangle, Glasgow U.K
| | - Alejandra G. Vovides
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences University of Glasgow East Quadrangle, Glasgow U.K
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121
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Mohammad A, Singh S, Swain S, Parhi R. Design of experiments assisted the development of inclusion complexes of ramipril using hydrophilic carriers for enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Bhavin SE, Anuradha G. Nanosponge Approach -A Plethora of Opportunities as a Promising Nanocarrier for Novel Drug Delivery. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 16:271-282. [PMID: 34303335 DOI: 10.2174/1872210515666210720141736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanotechnology is the need of the hour! The design of nanotechnologyaided carriers as a tool for the delivery of low solubility molecules offers a potential platform to overcome the issues of current clinical treatment and achieve good targeted release and bioaccessibility. OBJECTIVE Nanosponges (NS) encapsulate types of nanocarriers capable of carrying both lipophilic and hydrophilic substances. They are synthesized by mixing a solution of polyester, which is biodegradable, with cross-linkers. These tiny, porous structures are round-shaped, having multiple cavities wherein drugs can be housed to offer programmable release. METHODS The detailed literature review and patent search summarize the ongoing research on NS. Substances such as poorly soluble drugs, nutraceuticals, gases, proteins and peptides, volatile oils, genetic material, etc., can be loaded on these novel carriers, which are characterized using various analytical techniques. Target-specific drug delivery and controlled drug release are the advantages offered by NS, along with a myriad of other promising applications. RESULTS This review stresses the development of cyclodextrin-based NS, the synthetic methods and characterization of NS, along with factors affecting NS formation, their applications and information on the patented work in this area. NS are solid in character and can be formulated in various dosage forms, such as parenteral, topical, oral or inhalation. CONCLUSION Therefore, owing to their promising benefits over other nanocarriers in terms of drug loading, adaptability, sustainability, solubility and tailored release profile, NS is an immediate technological revolution for drug entrapment and as novel drug carriers.The authors expect that these fundamental applications of NS could help the researchers to develop and gain insight about NS in novel drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Esha Bhavin
- Babaria Institute of Pharmacy, BITS Edu Campus, Vadodara, Gujarat, India and Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat. India
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Mittal KR, Pharasi N, Sarna B, Singh M, Rachana, Haider S, Singh SK, Dua K, Jha SK, Dey A, Ojha S, Mani S, Jha NK. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery for the treatment of CNS disorders. Transl Neurosci 2022; 13:527-546. [PMID: 36741545 PMCID: PMC9883694 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 6.8 million people die annually because of problems related to the central nervous system (CNS), and out of them, approximately 1 million people are affected by neurodegenerative diseases that include Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. CNS problems are a primary concern because of the complexity of the brain. There are various drugs available to treat CNS disorders and overcome problems with toxicity, specificity, and delivery. Barriers like the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are a challenge, as they do not allow therapeutic drugs to cross and reach their target. Researchers have been searching for ways to allow drugs to pass through the BBB and reach the target sites. These problems highlight the need of nanotechnology to alter or manipulate various processes at the cellular level to achieve the desired attributes. Due to their nanosize, nanoparticles are able to pass through the BBB and are an effective alternative to drug administration and other approaches. Nanotechnology has the potential to improve treatment and diagnostic techniques for CNS disorders and facilitate effective drug transfer. With the aid of nanoengineering, drugs could be modified to perform functions like transference across the BBB, altering signaling pathways, targeting specific cells, effective gene transfer, and promoting regeneration and preservation of nerve cells. The involvement of a nanocarrier framework inside the delivery of several neurotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of neurological diseases is reviewed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushi R. Mittal
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Nandini Pharasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Bhavya Sarna
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Rachana
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Shazia Haider
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot No. 32-34 Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata700073, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot No. 32-34 Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
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Liu L, Kshirsagar PG, Gautam SK, Gulati M, Wafa EI, Christiansen JC, White BM, Mallapragada SK, Wannemuehler MJ, Kumar S, Solheim JC, Batra SK, Salem AK, Narasimhan B, Jain M. Nanocarriers for pancreatic cancer imaging, treatments, and immunotherapies. Theranostics 2022; 12:1030-1060. [PMID: 35154473 PMCID: PMC8771545 DOI: 10.7150/thno.64805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic tumors are highly desmoplastic and immunosuppressive. Delivery and distribution of drugs within pancreatic tumors are compromised due to intrinsic physical and biochemical stresses that lead to increased interstitial fluid pressure, vascular compression, and hypoxia. Immunotherapy-based approaches, including therapeutic vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibition, CAR-T cell therapy, and adoptive T cell therapies, are challenged by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Together, extensive fibrosis and immunosuppression present major challenges to developing treatments for pancreatic cancer. In this context, nanoparticles have been extensively studied as delivery platforms and adjuvants for cancer and other disease therapies. Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of multiple nanocarrier-based formulations that not only improve drug delivery but also enhance immunotherapy-based approaches for pancreatic cancer. This review discusses and critically analyzes the novel nanoscale strategies that have been used for drug delivery and immunomodulation to improve treatment efficacy, including newly emerging immunotherapy-based approaches. This review also presents important perspectives on future research directions that will guide the rational design of novel and robust nanoscale platforms to treat pancreatic tumors, particularly with respect to targeted therapies and immunotherapies. These insights will inform the next generation of clinical treatments to help patients manage this debilitating disease and enhance survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luman Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Prakash G. Kshirsagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Shailendra K. Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Mansi Gulati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Emad I. Wafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - John C. Christiansen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Brianna M. White
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Surya K. Mallapragada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Michael J. Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Joyce C. Solheim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Aliasger K. Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
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Kanugo A, Gautam RK, Kamal MA. Recent advances of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and therapy of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1581-1595. [PMID: 34967294 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666211230113658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of advanced treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the utmost need of an era. TNBC is recognized as the most aggressive, metastatic cancer and the leading cause of mortality in females worldwide. The lack of expression of triple receptors namely, estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal receptor2 defined TNBC. OBJECTIVE The current review introduced the novel biomarkers such as miRNA and family, PD1, EGFR, VEGF, TILs, P53, AR and PI3K, etc. contributed significantly to the prognosis and diagnosis of TNBC. Once diagnosed the utilization advanced approaches available for TNBC because of the limitations of chemotherapy. Novel approaches include lipid-based (liposomes, SLN, NLC, and SNEDDS), polymer-based (micelle, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and quantum dots), advanced nanocarriers such as (exosomes, antibody and peptide-drug conjugates), carbon-based nanocarriers (Carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide). Lipid-based delivery is used for excellent carriers for hydrophobic drugs, biocompatibility, and lesser systemic toxicities than chemotherapeutic agents. Polymer-based approaches are preferred over lipids for providing longer circulation time, nanosize, high loading efficiency, high linking; avoiding the expulsion of drugs, targeted action, diagnostic and biosensing abilities. Advanced approaches like exosomes, conjugated moieties are preferred over polymeric for possessing potency, high penetrability, biomarkers, and avoiding the toxicity of tissues. Carbon-based gained wide applicability for their unique properties like a versatile carrier, prognostic, diagnostic, sensing, photodynamic, and photothermal characteristics. CONCLUSION The survival rate can be increased by utilizing several kinds of biomarkers. The advanced approaches can also be significantly useful in the prognosis and theranostic of triple-negative breast cancer. One of the biggest successes in treating with nanotechnology-based approaches is the marked reduction of systemic toxicity with high therapeutic effectiveness compared with chemotherapy, surgery, etc. The requirements such as prompt diagnosis, longer circulation time, high efficiency, and high potency, can be fulfilled with these nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kanugo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM NMIMS School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur, Dhule, India
| | - Rupesh K Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur-Ambala (Haryana) India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
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Abstract
Genetic diseases present formidable hurdles in maintaining a good quality of life for those suffering from these ailments. Often, patients look to inadequate treatments to manage symptoms, which can result in harmful effects on the body. Through genetic engineering, scientists utilize the clustered regularly short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein, known as Cas9, to treat the root of the problem. The Cas9 protein is often codelivered with guide RNAs or in ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNP) to ensure targeted delivery of the genetic tool as well as to limit off-target effects. This paper provides an overview of the current advances made toward the encapsulation and delivery of Cas9 to desired locations in the body through encapsulating nanoparticles. Several factors must be considered when employing the Cas9 system to allow gene editing to occur. Material selection is crucial to protect the payload of the delivery vector. Current literature indicates that lipid- and polymer-based nanoparticles show the most potential as delivery vessels for Cas9. Lipid nanoparticles greatly outpace polymer-based nanoparticles in the clinic, despite the benefits that polymers may introduce. When developing translatable systems, there are factors that have not yet been considered that are relevant to Cas9 delivery that are highlighted in this Viewpoint. The proper functioning of Cas9 is dependent on maintaining a proper internal environment; however, there are gaps in the literature regarding these optimal conditions. Interactions between charges of the Cas9 protein, codelivered molecules, and delivery vehicles could impact the effectiveness of the gene editing taking place. While the internal charges of nanoparticles and their effects on Cas9 are presently undetermined, nanoparticles currently offer the ideal delivery method for the Cas9 protein due to their adequate size, modifiable external charge, and ability to be modified. Overall, a cationic lipid-/polymer-based nanoparticle system was found to have the most prospects in Cas9 delivery thus far. By understanding the successes of other systems, translatable, polymer-based delivery vehicles may be developed.
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Patel RB, Rao HR, Thakkar DV, Patel MR. Comprehending the potential of metallic, lipid, and polymer-based nanocarriers for treatment and management of depression. Neurochem Int 2021; 153:105259. [PMID: 34942308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) ranked depression as the third leading cause of global burden of disease in 2004, and it is predicted to overtake it and move to first place by 2030. It is a mental disorder that causes significant changes in the mood and day-to-day activity of an individual. Various approaches already exist for treating depression but, none of them are completely successful in treating depression. At present, discovering a new medication or delivery mechanism that can manage depression safely and efficiently is a huge challenge. Conventional formulations used in the management of depression have drawbacks like limited penetration, frequent dosing, toxicity, patient compliance concerns as well as brain barriers which are a big hurdle for antidepressant drugs to reach the brain through conventional formulations. Nano-based formulations are gaining popularity as one of the possibilities to overcome the limitations of conventional formulations by reducing the dose and dosing frequency, increasing the efficacy as well as proving it to be safe and effective means of treating depression. This review targets the neurochemistry and pathophysiological concerns of depression, strategies and problems of conventional therapies, and also recent advances in the metallic, lipid, and polymer-based nanoformulations for a variety of antidepressants. A detailed discussion of the expediency of various nanoformulations like liposomes, nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, ethosomes, nanocapsules, dendrimer, gold and silver nanoparticles are addressed in the current review. In essence, nanoformulations hold great promises for the treatment of depression as they provide a platform with high penetration potential, targeted transmission, and improved protection and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmin B Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT - Campus, Changa, 388421, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Hiteshree R Rao
- Department of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT - Campus, Changa, 388421, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Dinesh V Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, A.R. College of Pharmacy & G. H. Patel Institute of Pharmacy, Vallabh Vidya Nagar, 388120, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Mrunali R Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT - Campus, Changa, 388421, Anand, Gujarat, India.
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Nogueira NC, de Sá LLF, de Carvalho ALM. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as a Novel Strategy for Topical Antifungal Therapy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 23:32. [PMID: 34931256 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were developed as an alternative carrier system optimizing limitations found in topical treatments for superficial fungal infections, such as limited permeation through the skin. However, few published studies are focused on standardization and characterization of determinant variables of these lipid nanosystems' quality. Thus, this systematic review aims to compile information regarding the selection of lipids, surfactants, and preparation method that intimately relates to the final quality of this nanotechnology. For this, the search was carried with the following descriptors: 'nanostructured lipid carriers', 'topical', 'antifungal' separated by the Boolean operators 'and', present in the titles of the databases: Science Direct, Scopus and Pubmed. The review included experimental articles focused on the development of nanostructured lipid carriers targeted for topical application with antifungal activity, published from 2015 to 2021. Review articles, clinical studies, and studies on the development of other nanocarriers intended for other routes of administration were excluded from the study. The research included 26 articles, of which 58% were developed in India and Brazil, 53% published in the years 2019 and 2020. As for the selection of antifungal drugs incorporated into NLCs, the azole class had a preference over other classes, voriconazole being incorporated into 5 of the 26 developed NLC studied. It was also observed a predominance of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) as a liquid lipid and polysorbate 80 as a surfactant. Among other results, this review compiles the influences of each of the variables discussed in the quality parameters of NLCs, in order to guide future research involving the development of this technology. Graphical Abstract.
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Microfluidics Technology for the Design and Formulation of Nanomedicines. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123440. [PMID: 34947789 PMCID: PMC8707902 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In conventional drug administration, drug molecules cross multiple biological barriers, distribute randomly in the tissues, and can release insufficient concentrations at the desired pathological site. Controlling the delivery of the molecules can increase the concentration of the drug in the desired location, leading to improved efficacy, and reducing the unwanted effects of the molecules under investigation. Nanoparticles (NPs), have shown a distinctive potential in targeting drugs due to their unique properties, such as large surface area and quantum properties. A variety of NPs have been used over the years for the encapsulation of different drugs and biologics, acting as drug carriers, including lipid-based and polymeric NPs. Applying NP platforms in medicines significantly improves the disease diagnosis and therapy. Several conventional methods have been used for the manufacturing of drug loaded NPs, with conventional manufacturing methods having several limitations, leading to multiple drawbacks, including NPs with large particle size and broad size distribution (high polydispersity index), besides the unreproducible formulation and high batch-to-batch variability. Therefore, new methods such as microfluidics (MFs) need to be investigated more thoroughly. MFs, is a novel manufacturing method that uses microchannels to produce a size-controlled and monodispersed NP formulation. In this review, different formulation methods of polymeric and lipid-based NPs will be discussed, emphasizing the different manufacturing methods and their advantages and limitations and how microfluidics has the capacity to overcome these limitations and improve the role of NPs as an effective drug delivery system.
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Sohn SI, Priya A, Balasubramaniam B, Muthuramalingam P, Sivasankar C, Selvaraj A, Valliammai A, Jothi R, Pandian S. Biomedical Applications and Bioavailability of Curcumin-An Updated Overview. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2102. [PMID: 34959384 PMCID: PMC8703330 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a yellow-colored molecule derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has been identified as the bioactive compound responsible for numerous pharmacological activities of turmeric, including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, etc. Nevertheless, the clinical application of curcumin is inadequate due to its low solubility, poor absorption, rapid metabolism and elimination. Advancements in recent research have shown several components and techniques to increase the bioavailability of curcumin. Combining with adjuvants, encapsulating in carriers and formulating in nanoforms, in combination with other bioactive agents, synthetic derivatives and structural analogs of curcumin, have shown increased efficiency and bioavailability, thereby augmenting the range of applications of curcumin. The scope for incorporating biotechnology and nanotechnology in amending the current drawbacks would help in expanding the biomedical applications and clinical efficacy of curcumin. Therefore, in this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the plethora of therapeutic potentials of curcumin, their drawbacks in efficient clinical applications and the recent advancements in improving curcumin's bioavailability for effective use in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-In Sohn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Arumugam Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, India; (A.P.); (P.M.); (R.J.)
| | | | - Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, India; (A.P.); (P.M.); (R.J.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641062, India
| | - Chandran Sivasankar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India;
| | - Anthonymuthu Selvaraj
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Alaguvel Valliammai
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 84990, Israel;
| | - Ravi Jothi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, India; (A.P.); (P.M.); (R.J.)
| | - Subramani Pandian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
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Chatterjee R, Chowdhury AR, Mukherjee D, Chakravortty D. Lipid larceny: channelizing host lipids for establishing successful pathogenesis by bacteria. Virulence 2021; 12:195-216. [PMID: 33356849 PMCID: PMC7808437 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1869441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are complex organic compounds made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. These play a diverse and intricate role in cellular processes like membrane trafficking, protein sorting, signal transduction, and bacterial infections. Both Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus sp., Listeria monocytogenes, etc.) and Gram-negative bacteria (Chlamydia sp., Salmonella sp., E. coli, etc.) can hijack the various host-lipids and utilize them structurally as well as functionally to mount a successful infection. The pathogens can deploy with various arsenals to exploit host membrane lipids and lipid-associated receptors as an attachment for toxins' landing or facilitate their entry into the host cellular niche. Bacterial species like Mycobacterium sp. can also modulate the host lipid metabolism to fetch its carbon source from the host. The sequential conversion of host membrane lipids into arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 due to increased activity of cPLA-2 and COX-2 upon bacterial infection creates immunosuppressive conditions and facilitates the intracellular growth and proliferation of bacteria. However, lipids' more debatable role is that they can also be a blessing in disguise. Certain host-lipids, especially sphingolipids, have been shown to play a crucial antibacterial role and help the host in combating the infections. This review shed light on the detailed role of host lipids in bacterial infections and the current understanding of the lipid in therapeutics. We have also discussed potential prospects and the need of the hour to help us cope in this race against deadly pathogens and their rapidly evolving stealthy virulence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Atish Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Debapriya Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Hanif M, Khan HU, Maheen S, Shafqat SS, Shah S, Masood SA, Abbas G, Rizwan M, Rasheed T, Bilal M. Formulation, characterization, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of Ivabradine-Nebivolol co-encapsulated lipospheres. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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133
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Lee D, Minko T. Nanotherapeutics for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery: An Approach to Bypass the Blood Brain Barrier. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122049. [PMID: 34959331 PMCID: PMC8704573 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of neurodegenerative diseases or other central nervous system (CNS) disorders has always been a significant challenge. The nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the penetration of therapeutic molecules to the brain after oral or parenteral administration, which, in combination with hepatic metabolism and drug elimination and inactivation during its journey in the systemic circulation, decreases the efficacy of the treatment, requires high drug doses and often induces adverse side effects. Nose-to-brain drug delivery allows the direct transport of therapeutic molecules by bypassing the BBB and increases drug concentration in the brain. The present review describes mechanisms of nose-to-brain drug delivery and discusses recent advances in this area with especial emphasis on nanotechnology-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-848-445-6348
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Design expert assisted formulation, characterization and optimization of microemulsion based solid lipid nanoparticles of repaglinide. Prog Biomater 2021; 10:309-320. [PMID: 34813041 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-021-00174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Repaglinide, a member of the meglitinide class of drugs, is a new anti-diabetic agent that is utilized as an oral hypoglycemic agent. Using glyceryl monostearate, cetyl palmitate, and tristearin as lipids and poloxamer 188 as a surfactant, repaglinide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles were created. Solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared utilizing an o/w microemulsion technique, which included the lipids glyceryl monostearate and tristearin, as well as waxes such as cetyl palmitate and the surfactant poloxamer 188. The mean particle size of the solid lipid nanoparticles formed was around 339 nm, with an entrapment efficiency of 82.20%. In-vitro release studies continued to be conducted using the dialysis bag diffusion technique. Within 12 h, the cumulative drug release was 88.4%. The results indicate that repaglinide was released more slowly from solid lipid nanoparticles made from tristearin and glyceryl monostearate in an equal ratio. Tristearin found the controlled release and extreme entrapment from other lipid carriers like glyceryl monostearate and cetyl palmitate. Differential scanning calorimetry demonstrates that repaglinide is entangled in amorphous or molecular state within solid lipid nanoparticles. SEM microscopy revealed that the produced repaglinide solid lipid nanoparticles had a spherical shape. After one month of storage at 2-8 °C, short-term stability testing revealed no significant alteration.
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135
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Tenchov R, Bird R, Curtze AE, Zhou Q. Lipid Nanoparticles─From Liposomes to mRNA Vaccine Delivery, a Landscape of Research Diversity and Advancement. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16982-17015. [PMID: 34181394 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 719] [Impact Index Per Article: 239.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged across the pharmaceutical industry as promising vehicles to deliver a variety of therapeutics. Currently in the spotlight as vital components of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, LNPs play a key role in effectively protecting and transporting mRNA to cells. Liposomes, an early version of LNPs, are a versatile nanomedicine delivery platform. A number of liposomal drugs have been approved and applied to medical practice. Subsequent generations of lipid nanocarriers, such as solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and cationic lipid-nucleic acid complexes, exhibit more complex architectures and enhanced physical stabilities. With their ability to encapsulate and deliver therapeutics to specific locations within the body and to release their contents at a desired time, LNPs provide a valuable platform for treatment of a variety of diseases. Here, we present a landscape of LNP-related scientific publications, including patents and journal articles, based on analysis of the CAS Content Collection, the largest human-curated collection of published scientific knowledge. Rising trends are identified, such as nanostructured lipid carriers and solid lipid nanoparticles becoming the preferred platforms for numerous formulations. Recent advancements in LNP formulations as drug delivery platforms, such as antitumor and nucleic acid therapeutics and vaccine delivery systems, are discussed. Challenges and growth opportunities are also evaluated in other areas, such as medical imaging, cosmetics, nutrition, and agrochemicals. This report is intended to serve as a useful resource for those interested in LNP nanotechnologies, their applications, and the global research effort for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Robert Bird
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Allison E Curtze
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Qiongqiong Zhou
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Singh S, Sharma N, Behl T, Sarkar BC, Saha HR, Garg K, Singh SK, Arora S, Amran MS, Abdellatif AAH, Bilgrami AL, Ashraf GM, Rahman MS. Promising Strategies of Colloidal Drug Delivery-Based Approaches in Psoriasis Management. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111978. [PMID: 34834393 PMCID: PMC8623849 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that moderately affects social and interpersonal relationships. Conventional treatments for psoriasis have certain problems, such as poor drug penetration through the skin, hyper-pigmentation, and a burning sensation on normal and diseased skin. Colloidal drug delivery systems overcome the pitfalls of conventional approaches for psoriasis therapeutics and have improved patient safety parameters, compliance, and superior effectiveness. They also entail reduced toxicity. This comprehensive review’s topics include the pathogenesis of psoriasis, causes and types of psoriasis, conventional treatment alternatives for psoriasis, the need for colloidal drug delivery systems, and recent studies in colloidal drug delivery systems for the treatment of psoriasis. This review briefly describes colloidal drug delivery approaches, such as emulsion systems—i.e., multiple emulsion, microemulsion, and nano-emulsion; vesicular systems—i.e., liposomes, ethosomes, noisomes, and transferosomes; and particulate systems—i.e., solid lipid nanoparticles, solid lipid microparticles, nano-structured lipid carriers, dendrimers, nanocrystals, polymeric nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles. The review was compiled through an extensive search of the literature through the PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. A survey of literature revealed seven formulations based upon emulsion systems, six vesicular drug delivery systems, and fourteen particulate systems reported for antipsoriatic drugs. Based on the literature studies of colloidal approaches for psoriasis management carried out in recent years, it has been concluded that colloidal pharmaceutical formulations could be investigated broadly and have a broad scope for effective management of many skin disorders in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (S.K.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (S.K.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (S.K.S.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (M.S.R.); Tel.: +88-017-2006-1803 (M.S.R.)
| | - Bidhan Chandra Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, 12- Kemal Ataturk Avenue, HBR Tower Banani C/A, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; (B.C.S.); (H.R.S.)
| | - Hasi Rani Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, 12- Kemal Ataturk Avenue, HBR Tower Banani C/A, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; (B.C.S.); (H.R.S.)
| | - Kanika Garg
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (S.K.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Supriya Kamari Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (S.K.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (S.K.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Md. Shah Amran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Shahbag, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Anwar L. Bilgrami
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Sohanur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Trust University, Barishal, Ruiya, Nobogram Road, Barishal 8200, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (M.S.R.); Tel.: +88-017-2006-1803 (M.S.R.)
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Hwang SR, Chakraborty K, An JM, Mondal J, Yoon HY, Lee YK. Pharmaceutical Aspects of Nanocarriers for Smart Anticancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111875. [PMID: 34834290 PMCID: PMC8619450 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to tumor sites using nanotechnology has been demonstrated to overcome the drawbacks of conventional anticancer drugs. Altering the surface shape and geometry of nanocomposites alters their chemical properties, which can confer multiple attributes to nanocarriers for the treatment of cancer and their use as imaging agents for cancer diagnosis. However, heterogeneity and blood flow in human cancer limit the distribution of nanoparticles at the site of tumor tisues. For targeted delivery and controlled release of drug molecules in harsh tumor microenvironments, smart nanocarriers combined with various stimuli-responsive materials have been developed. In this review, we describe nanomaterials for smart anticancer therapy as well as their pharmaceutical aspects including pharmaceutical process, formulation, controlled drug release, drug targetability, and pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic profiles of smart nanocarriers. Inorganic or organic-inorganic hybrid nanoplatforms and the electrospinning process have also been briefly described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Rim Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Kushal Chakraborty
- Department of IT and Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Korea;
| | - Jeong Man An
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Jagannath Mondal
- Department of Green Bio Engineering, Graduate School, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Korea;
- 4D Convergence Technology Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Yong-kyu Lee
- Department of IT and Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Korea;
- Department of Green Bio Engineering, Graduate School, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Korea;
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-841-5224
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Raj N, Vanathi M, Ahmed NH, Gupta N, Lomi N, Tandon R. Recent Perspectives in the Management of Fungal Keratitis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110907. [PMID: 34829196 PMCID: PMC8621027 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotic keratitis is common in warm, humid regions with a varying profile of pathogenic fungi according to geographical origin, socioeconomic status, and climatic condition. Clinical diagnosis can be challenging in difficult cases and those refractory to treatment. Fungal hyphae on microscopic examination and culture isolation have been the gold standard in the laboratory diagnosis of fungal keratitis. A culture isolate of the aetiological fungus is essential to perform antifungal susceptibility testing. As the culture isolation of fungi is time-consuming, causing delays in the initiation of treatment, newer investigative modalities such as in vivo confocal microscopy and molecular diagnostic methods have recently gained popularity. Molecular diagnostic techniques now help to obtain a rapid diagnosis of fungal keratitis. Genomic approaches are based on detecting amplicons of ribosomal RNA genes, with internal transcribed spacers being increasingly adopted. Metagenomic deep sequencing allows for rapid and accurate diagnosis without the need to wait for the fungus to grow. This is also helpful in identifying new emerging strains of fungi causing mycotic keratitis. A custom-tear proteomic approach will probably play an important diagnostic role in future in the management of mycotic keratitis. Positive repeat cultures are being suggested as an important gauge indicative of a poor prognosis. Positive repeat fungal cultures help to modify a treatment regimen by increasing its frequency, providing the addition of another topical and oral antifungal agent along with close follow-up for perforation and identifying need for early therapeutic keratoplasty. The role of collagen crosslinking in the treatment of fungal keratitis is not convincingly established. Rapid detection by multiplex PCR and antifungal susceptibility testing of the pathogenic fungi, adopted into a routine management protocol of fungal keratitis, will help to improve treatment outcome. Early therapy is essential in minimizing damage to the corneal tissue, thereby providing a better outcome. The role of conventional therapy with polyenes, systemic and targeted therapy of antifungal agents, newer azoles and echinocandins in fungal keratitis has been widely studied in recent times. Combination therapy can be more efficacious in comparison to monotherapy. Given the diversity of fungal aetiology, the emergence of new corneal pathogenic fungi with varying drug susceptibilities, increasing the drug resistance to antifungal agents in some genera and species, it is perhaps time to adopt recent molecular methods for precise identification and incorporate antifungal susceptibility testing as a routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimmy Raj
- Cornea, Lens & Refractive Surgery Services—Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (N.R.); (N.G.); (N.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Murugesan Vanathi
- Cornea, Lens & Refractive Surgery Services—Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (N.R.); (N.G.); (N.L.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-11-26593010; Fax: +91-11-26588919
| | - Nishat Hussain Ahmed
- Ocular Microbiology Services—Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Noopur Gupta
- Cornea, Lens & Refractive Surgery Services—Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (N.R.); (N.G.); (N.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Neiwete Lomi
- Cornea, Lens & Refractive Surgery Services—Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (N.R.); (N.G.); (N.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Radhika Tandon
- Cornea, Lens & Refractive Surgery Services—Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (N.R.); (N.G.); (N.L.); (R.T.)
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139
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Antitumoral Activities of Curcumin and Recent Advances to ImProve Its Oral Bioavailability. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101476. [PMID: 34680593 PMCID: PMC8533288 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a main bioactive component of the Curcuma longa L. rhizome, is a phenolic compound that exerts a wide range of beneficial effects, acting as an antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent. This review summarizes recent data on curcumin's ability to interfere with the multiple cell signaling pathways involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and the migration of several cancer cell types. However, although curcumin displays anticancer potential, its clinical application is limited by its low absorption, rapid metabolism and poor bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, several curcumin-based derivatives/analogues and different drug delivery approaches have been developed. Here, we also report the anticancer mechanisms and pharmacokinetic characteristics of some derivatives/analogues and the delivery systems used. These strategies, although encouraging, require additional in vivo studies to support curcumin clinical applications.
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Balkrishna A, Arya V, Rohela A, Kumar A, Verma R, Kumar D, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Thakur N, Thakur N, Kumar P. Nanotechnology Interventions in the Management of COVID-19: Prevention, Diagnosis and Virus-Like Particle Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1129. [PMID: 34696237 PMCID: PMC8537718 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 claimed numerous lives and put nations on high alert. The lack of antiviral medications and the small number of approved vaccines, as well as the recurrence of adverse effects, necessitates the development of novel treatment ways to combat COVID-19. In this context, using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, we gathered information about nanotechnology's involvement in the prevention, diagnosis and virus-like particle vaccine development. This review revealed that various nanomaterials like gold, polymeric, graphene and poly amino ester with carboxyl group coated magnetic nanoparticles have been explored for the fast detection of SARS-CoV-2. Personal protective equipment fabricated with nanoparticles, such as gloves, masks, clothes, surfactants, and Ag, TiO2 based disinfectants played an essential role in halting COVID-19 transmission. Nanoparticles are used not only in vaccine delivery, such as lipid nanoparticles mediated transport of mRNA-based Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, but also in the development of vaccine as the virus-like particles elicit an immune response. There are now 18 virus-like particle vaccines in pre-clinical development, with one of them, developed by Novavax, reported being in phase 3 trials. Due to the probability of upcoming COVID-19 waves, and the rise of new diseases, the future relevance of virus-like particles is imperative. Furthermore, psychosocial variables linked to vaccine reluctance constitute a critical problem that must be addressed immediately to avert pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249405, India; (A.B.); (V.A.); (A.R.)
- Department of Allied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar 249405, India
| | - Vedpriya Arya
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249405, India; (A.B.); (V.A.); (A.R.)
- Department of Allied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar 249405, India
| | - Akansha Rohela
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249405, India; (A.B.); (V.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249405, India; (A.B.); (V.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India;
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Naveen Thakur
- Department of Physics, Career Point University, Hamirpur 177001, India; (N.T.); (N.T.); (P.K.)
| | - Nikesh Thakur
- Department of Physics, Career Point University, Hamirpur 177001, India; (N.T.); (N.T.); (P.K.)
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Physics, Career Point University, Hamirpur 177001, India; (N.T.); (N.T.); (P.K.)
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Sharifalhoseini M, Es‐haghi A, Vaezi G, Shajiee H. Biosynthesis and characterisation of solid lipid nanoparticles and investigation of toxicity against breast cancer cell line. IET Nanobiotechnol 2021; 15:654-663. [PMID: 34694719 PMCID: PMC8675850 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) comprise non-toxic surface-active lipidic agents combined with appropriate ratios of drugs or essential oils. The goal of this research was to investigate the effects of the SLN synthesised using essential oils of Foeniculum vulgare on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. SLNs were prepared by homogenisation and ultrasound techniques and characterised by dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential assessment, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay (MTT assay), flow-cytometry, and Acridine-Orange assay were employed for assessing the biological activities of the SLNs. The average particle size was 55.43 nm and the net surface charge was -29.54 ± 11.67 mV. TEM showed that the mean particle size was 33.55 nm and the synthesised SLNs had a uniform round morphology. The MTT assay showed that the prepared SLNs had high toxicity against MCF-7 cells and low toxicity against normal HUVECs cells. Flow-cytometry revealed a noteworthy rise in the subG1 peak of the cell cycle in the cancer cells treated with SLNs compared to the controls, indicating apoptosis in cancer cells. The results also showed discolouration in SLNs-treated cells, which further confirmed the induction of apoptosis and the toxicity of the SLNs against MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Es‐haghi
- Department of BiologyMashhad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityMashhadIran
| | | | - Hooman Shajiee
- Department of BiologyDamghan BranchIslamic Azad UniversityDamghanIran
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142
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Sudhakar K, Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Sathasivam KV, Azad AK, Swain SS, Sekar M, Karupiah S, Porwal O, Sahoo A, Meenakshi DU, Sharma VK, Jain S, Charyulu RN, Fuloria NK. Ultraflexible Liposome Nanocargo as a Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery System. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102557. [PMID: 34685005 PMCID: PMC8537378 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A selected active pharmaceutical ingredient must be incorporated into a cargo carrier in a particular manner so that it achieves its goal. An amalgamation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) should be conducted in such a manner that it is simple, professional, and more beneficial. Lipids/polymers that are known to be used in nanocarriers for APIs can be transformed into a vesicular formulation, which offers elegant solutions to many problems. Phospholipids with other ingredients, such as ethanol and water, form suitable vesicular carriers for many drugs, overcoming many problems related to poor bioavailability, poor solubility, etc. Ultraflexible liposomes are novel carriers and new frontiers of drug delivery for transdermal systems. Auxiliary advances in vesicular carrier research have been made, enabling polymer-coated ethanolic liposomes to avoid detection by the body’s immune system—specifically, the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Ultraflexible liposomes act as a cargo system and a nanotherapeutic approach for the transport of therapeutic drugs and bioactive agents. Various applications of liposome derivatives in different diseases are emphasized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalvatala Sudhakar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (LIT-Pharmacy), Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India;
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia;
- Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (N.K.F.)
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Kathiresan V. Sathasivam
- Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia;
- Faculty of Applied Science, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia;
| | - Shasank S. Swain
- Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India;
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Sundram Karupiah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia;
| | - Omji Porwal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, KRG, Iraq;
| | - Alaka Sahoo
- Department of Skin & VD, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India;
| | | | - Vipin Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medicaps University, Indore 453331, MP, India;
| | - R. Narayana Charyulu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangalore 575018, India;
| | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia;
- Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (N.K.F.)
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143
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Zieneldien T, Kim J, Cao J, Cao C. COVID-19 Vaccines: Current Conditions and Future Prospects. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100960. [PMID: 34681059 PMCID: PMC8533517 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first encountered in December of 2019 in Wuhan, China. As of now, there have been over 200 million infections and 4 million deaths attributed to the virus. Due to this, it has been a priority to find an effective preventative measure, and numerous vaccines have been developed. Although the developed vaccines share the target of blocking viral entry by the spike protein, their pharmacology and efficacy differs. As such, the mechanism of action and the elicited immune response of the most common COVID-19 vaccines have been compared to help determine which vaccine is most efficacious and is best suited to prevent reinfection and address viral mutations. Abstract It has been over a year since SARS-CoV-2 was first reported in December of 2019 in Wuhan, China. To curb the spread of the virus, many therapies and cures have been tested and developed, most notably mRNA and DNA vaccines. Federal health agencies (CDC, FDA) have approved emergency usage of these S gene-based vaccines with the intention of minimizing any further loss of lives and infections. It is crucial to assess which vaccines are the most efficacious by examining their effects on the immune system, and by providing considerations for new technological vaccine strategies in the future. This paper provides an overview of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with their mechanisms of action, current technologies utilized in manufacturing of the vaccines, and limitations in this new field with emerging data. Although the most popular COVID-19 vaccines have been proven effective, time will be the main factor in dictating which vaccine will be able to best address mutations and future infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Zieneldien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (T.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Janice Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (T.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Jessica Cao
- Department of Natural Sciences, Wiess School of Natural Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA;
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (T.Z.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Nsairat H, Khater D, Odeh F, Al-Adaileh F, Al-Taher S, Jaber AM, Alshaer W, Al Bawab A, Mubarak MS. Lipid nanostructures for targeting brain cancer. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07994. [PMID: 34632135 PMCID: PMC8488847 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in both material science and bionanotechnology are transforming the health care sector. To this end, nanoparticles are increasingly used to improve diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Huge research is being carried out to improve the design, efficiency, and performance of these nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are also considered as a major area of research and development to meet the essential requirements for use in nanomedicine where safety, compatibility, biodegradability, biodistribution, stability, and effectiveness are requirements towards the desired application. In this regard, lipids have been used in pharmaceuticals and medical formulations for a long time. The present work focuses on the use of lipid nanostructures to combat brain tumors. In addition, this review summarizes the literature pertaining to solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (LNC), methods of preparation and characterization, developments achieved to overcome blood brain barrier (BBB), and modifications used to increase their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Dima Khater
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Fadwa Odeh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Fedaa Al-Adaileh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Suma Al-Taher
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Areej M. Jaber
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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145
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Novel drug delivery systems based on silver nanoparticles, hyaluronic acid, lipid nanoparticles and liposomes for cancer treatment. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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146
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Zhang W, Sheng T, Gu Z, Zhang Y. Strategies for Browning Agent Delivery. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1327-1334. [PMID: 34398404 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity expands as a global climbing epidemic that is often correlated to cardiovascular diseases and endocrine disorders. Converting white adipocytes to brown adipocytes for enhanced energy expenditure has recently emerged as a promising anti-obesity treatment. However, the conventional approaches to apply browning agents systematically suffer from off-target effects, multiple dosage requirements, and poor patient compliance. To date, various delivery strategies have been reported to deliver browning agents for obesity treatment in a safer and more controllable manner. This review will discuss the latest designs in browning agent delivery systems with a focus on nanomedicines and transdermal patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tao Sheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China. .,Zhejiang Laboratory of Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China. .,MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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147
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Kaur S, Nautiyal U, Chawla PA, Chawla V. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Intranasal Administration of Olanzapine in the Management of Schizophrenia. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 14:439-447. [PMID: 33494693 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210120160016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olanzapine belongs to a new class of dual spectrum antipsychotic agents. It is known to show promise in managing both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Drug delivery systems based on nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are expected to provide rapid nose-to-brain transport of this drug and improved distribution into and within the brain. OBJECTIVE The present study deals with the preparation and evaluation of olanzapine loaded NLC via the intranasal route for schizophrenia. METHODS Olanzapine-NLC were formulated through the solvent injection method using isopropyl alcohol as the solvent, stearic acid as solid lipid, and oleic acid as liquid lipid, chitosan as a coating agent, and Poloxamer 407 as a surfactant. NLC were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, pH, viscosity, X-ray diffraction studies, in-vitro mucoadhesion study, in- vitro release and ex-vivo permeation studies. The shape and surface morphology of the prepared NLC was determined through transmission electron microscopy. To detect the interaction of the drug with carriers, compatibility studies were also carried out. RESULTS Average size and polydispersity index of developed formulation S6 was 227.0±6.3 nm and 0.460, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency of formulation S6 was found to be 87.25%. The pH, viscosity, in-vitro mucoadhesion study, and in- vitro release of optimized olanzapine loaded NLC were recorded as 5.7 ± 0.05, 78 centipoise, 15±2 min, and 91.96%, respectively. In ex-vivo permeation studies, the percent drug permeated after 210 min was found to be 84.03%. CONCLUSION These results reveal the potential application of novel olanzapine-NLC in intranasal drug delivery system for the treatment of Schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbjot Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Himachal Institute of Pharmacy, Paonta Sahib, India
| | - Ujjwal Nautiyal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Himachal Institute of Pharmacy, Paonta Sahib, India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Viney Chawla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
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148
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Pradhan D, Biswasroy P, Sahu A, Sahu DK, Ghosh G, Rath G. Recent Advances in Herbal Nanomedicines for Cancer Treatment. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 14:292-305. [PMID: 32448111 DOI: 10.2174/1874467213666200525010624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer continues to be one of the deadliest diseases that adversely impacts the large population of the world. A stack of scientific documents reflects a huge number of potent plant-based anticancer drugs such as curcumin (CUR), podophyllotoxin, camptothecin (CPT), vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel (PTX), etc. that have been integrated into the modern practice of cancer treatment. The demand for natural products raises exponentially as they are generally considered to be safe, and devoid of critical toxic effects at the therapeutic dose when compared to their synthetic counterparts. Despite rising interest towards the potent phytoconstituents, formulation developer faces various challenges in drug development processes such as poor water solubility, low bioavailability, marginal permeability, and nonspecific drug delivery at the target site, etc. Further, adverse drug reaction and multidrug resistance are other critical issues that need to be addressed. Nanomedicines owing to their unique structural and functional attributes help to fix the above challenges for improved translational outcomes. This review summarises the prospects and challenges of a nanotechnology-based drug delivery approach for the delivery of plant-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Pradhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prativa Biswasroy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Amita Sahu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Dipak K Sahu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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149
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Lipid-Based Vesicles: a Non-invasive Tool for Transdermal Drug Delivery. J Pharm Innov 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-021-09572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Satapathy MK, Yen TL, Jan JS, Tang RD, Wang JY, Taliyan R, Yang CH. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs): An Advanced Drug Delivery System Targeting Brain through BBB. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1183. [PMID: 34452143 PMCID: PMC8402065 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in the protection and maintenance of homeostasis in the brain. In this way, it is an interesting target as an interface for various types of drug delivery, specifically in the context of the treatment of several neuropathological conditions where the therapeutic agents cannot cross the BBB. Drug toxicity and on-target specificity are among some of the limitations associated with current neurotherapeutics. In recent years, advances in nanodrug delivery have enabled the carrier system containing the active therapeutic drug to target the signaling pathways and pathophysiology that are closely linked to central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), brain tumor, epilepsy, ischemic stroke, and neurodegeneration. At present, among the nano formulations, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have emerged as a putative drug carrier system that can deliver the active therapeutics (drug-loaded SLNs) across the BBB at the target site of the brain, offering a novel approach with controlled drug delivery, longer circulation time, target specificity, and higher efficacy, and more importantly, reducing toxicity in a biomimetic way. This paper highlights the synthesis and application of SLNs as a novel nontoxic formulation strategy to carry CNS drugs across the BBB to improve the use of therapeutics agents in treating major neurological disorders in future clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantosh Kumar Satapathy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
| | - Ting-Lin Yen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 22174, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Shiun Jan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
| | - Ruei-Dun Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India;
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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