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Fox JT, Magoulick DD. Fish beta diversity associated with hydrologic and anthropogenic disturbance gradients in contrasting stream flow regimes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173825. [PMID: 38857792 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the role of hydrologic variation in structuring aquatic communities is crucial for successful conservation and sustainable management of native freshwater biodiversity. Partitioning beta diversity into the additive components of spatial turnover and nestedness can provide insight into the forces driving variability in fish assemblages across stream flow regimes. We examined stream fish beta diversity across hydrologic and anthropogenic disturbance gradients using long-term (1916-2016) site occurrence records (n = 17,375) encompassing 252 species. We assessed total beta diversity (Sørensen dissimilarity), spatial turnover, and nestedness of fish assemblages in contrasting stream flow regimes across a gradient of decreasing flow stability: groundwater stable (n = 77), groundwater (n = 67), groundwater flashy (n = 175), perennial runoff (n = 141), runoff flashy (n = 255), and intermittent (n = 63) streams. Differences in total beta diversity among the stream flow regimes were driven predominantly (>86 %) by spatial turnover (i.e. species replacement) as opposed to nestedness (i.e. species loss or gain). Total fish beta diversity and spatial turnover were highest in streams with intermediate flow stability (groundwater flashy), while more flow-stable streams (groundwater stable and groundwater) had lower turnover and higher nestedness. Species turnover was also strongly associated with seasonal variation in hydrology across all flow regimes, but these relationships were most evident for assemblages in intermittent streams. Distance-based statistical comparisons showed significant correlations between beta diversity and anthropogenic disturbance variables, including dam density, dam storage volume and water withdrawals in catchments of groundwater stable streams, while hydrologic variables were more strongly correlated with beta diversity in streams with runoff-dominated and flashy flow regimes. The high spatial turnover of species implies that fish conservation actions would benefit from watershed-focused approaches targeting multiple streams with wide spatial distribution, as opposed to simply focusing on preserving sites with the greatest number of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tyler Fox
- Arkansas Cooperative and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - Daniel D Magoulick
- U.S. Geological Survey, Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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102
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Tang Y, Zhang H, Zhu H, Bi S, Wang X, Ji S, Ji J, Ma D, Huang C, Zhang G, Yang N, Wan F, Lü Z, Liu W. DNA methylase 1 influences temperature responses and development in the invasive pest Tuta absoluta. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 33:503-515. [PMID: 38808749 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
DNA methylase 1 (Dnmt1) is an important regulatory factor associated with biochemical signals required for insect development. It responds to changes in the environment and triggers phenotypic plasticity. Meanwhile, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)-a destructive invasive pest-can rapidly invade and adapt to different habitats; however, the role of Dnmt1 in this organism has not been elucidated. Accordingly, this study investigates the mechanism(s) underlying the rapid adaptation of Tuta absoluta to temperature stress. Potential regulatory genes were screened via RNAi (RNA interference), and the DNA methylase in Tuta absoluta was cloned by RACE (Rapid amplification of cDNA ends). TaDnmt1 was identified as a potential regulatory gene via bioinformatics; its expression was evaluated in response to temperature stress and during different development stages using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results revealed that TaDnmt1 participates in hot/cold tolerance, temperature preference and larval development. The full-length cDNA sequence of TaDnmt1 is 3765 bp and encodes a 1254 kDa protein with typical Dnmt1 node-conserved structural features and six conserved DNA-binding active motifs. Moreover, TaDnmt1 expression is significantly altered by temperature stress treatments and within different development stages. Hence, TaDnmt1 likely contributes to temperature responses and organismal development. Furthermore, after treating with double-stranded RNA and exposing Tuta absoluta to 35°C heat shock or -12°C cold shock for 1 h, the survival rate significantly decreases; the preferred temperature is 2°C lower than that of the control group. In addition, the epidermal segments become enlarged and irregularly folded while the surface dries up. This results in a significant increase in larval mortality (57%) and a decrease in pupation (49.3%) and eclosion (50.9%) rates. Hence, TaDnmt1 contributes to temperature stress responses and temperature perception, as well as organismal growth and development, via DNA methylation regulation. These findings suggest that the rapid geographic expansion of T absoluta has been closely associated with TaDnmt1-mediated temperature tolerance. This study advances the research on 'thermos Dnmt' and provides a potential target for RNAi-driven regulation of Tuta absoluta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Siyan Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shunxia Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhang Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongfang Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Cong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guifen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nianwan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichuang Lü
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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103
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Mezzomo P, Leong JV, Vodrážka P, Moos M, Jorge LR, Volfová T, Michálek J, de L Ferreira P, Kozel P, Sedio BE, Volf M. Variation in induced responses in volatile and non-volatile metabolites among six willow species: Do willow species share responses to herbivory? PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 226:114222. [PMID: 39047854 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Chemical variation is a critical aspect affecting performance among co-occurring plants. High chemical variation in metabolites with direct effects on insect herbivores supports chemical niche partitioning, and it can reduce the number of herbivores shared by co-occurring plant species. In contrast, low intraspecific variation in metabolites with indirect effects, such as induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs), may improve the attraction of specialist predators or parasitoids as they show high specificity to insect herbivores. We explored whether induced chemical variation following herbivory by various insect herbivores differs between VOCs vs. secondary non-volatile metabolites (non-VOCs) and salicinoids with direct effects on herbivores in six closely related willow species. Willow species identity explained most variation in VOCs (18.4%), secondary non-VOCs (41.1%) and salicinoids (60.7%). The variation explained by the independent effect of the herbivore treatment was higher in VOCs (2.8%) compared to secondary non-VOCs (0.5%) and salicinoids (0.5%). At the level of individual VOCs, willow species formed groups, as some responded similarly to the same herbivores. Most non-VOCs and salicinoids were upregulated by sap-suckers compared to other herbivore treatments and control across the willow species. In contrast, induced responses in non-VOCs and salicinoids to other herbivores largely differed between the willows. Our results suggest that induced responses broadly differ between various types of chemical defences, with VOCs and non-VOCs showing different levels of specificity and similarity across plant species. This may further contribute to flexible plant responses to herbivory and affect how closely related plants share or partition their chemical niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Mezzomo
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jing V Leong
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vodrážka
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Moos
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Leonardo R Jorge
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Volfová
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Michálek
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Algatech Centre, Institute of Microbiology, Trebon, Czech Republic
| | - Paola de L Ferreira
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Aarhus University, Department of Biology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Petr Kozel
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Brian E Sedio
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, the Republic of Panama
| | - Martin Volf
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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104
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Ortiz D, Pekár S, Dianat M. A consequential one-night stand: Episodic historical hybridization leads to mitochondrial takeover in sympatric desert ant-eating spiders. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 199:108167. [PMID: 39103025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Disentangling the genomic intricacies underlying speciation and the causes of discordance between sources of evidence can offer remarkable insights into evolutionary dynamics. The ant-eating spider Zodarion nitidum, found across the Middle East and Egypt, displays yellowish and blackish morphs that co-occur sympatrically. These morphs additionally differ in behavioral and physiological features and show complete pre-mating reproductive isolation. In contrast, they possess similar sexual features and lack distinct differences in their mitochondrial DNA. We analyzed both Z. nitidum morphs and outgroups using genome-wide and additional mitochondrial DNA data. The genomic evidence indicated that Yellow and Black are reciprocally independent lineages without signs of recent admixture. Interestingly, the sister group of Yellow is not Black but Z. luctuosum, a morphologically distinct species. Genomic gene flow analyses pinpointed an asymmetric nuclear introgression event, with Yellow contributing nearly 5 % of its genome to Black roughly 320,000 years ago, intriguingly aligning with the independently estimated origin of the mitochondrial DNA of Black. We conclude that the blackish and yellowish morphs of Z. nitidum are long-diverged distinct species, and that the ancient and modest genomic introgression event registered resulted in a complete mitochondrial takeover of Black by Yellow. This investigation underscores the profound long-term effects that even modest hybridization events can have on the genome of organisms. It also exemplifies the utility of phylogenetic networks for estimating historical events and how integrating independent lines of evidence can increase the reliability of such estimations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ortiz
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.
| | - Stano Pekár
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Malahat Dianat
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia; Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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105
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Zhu Y, Ma S, Wen Y, Zhao W, Jiang Y, Li M, Zou K. Deciphering assembly processes, network complexity and stability of potential pathogenic communities in two anthropogenic coastal regions of a highly urbanized estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 358:124444. [PMID: 38936795 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The existence of potential pathogens may lead to severe water pollution, disease transmission, and the risk of infectious diseases, posing threats to the stability of aquatic ecosystems and human health. In-depth research on the dynamic of potential pathogenic communities is of significant importance, it can provide crucial support for assessing the health status of aquatic ecosystems, maintaining ecological balance, promoting sustainable economic development, and safeguarding human health. Nevertheless, the current understanding of the distribution and geographic patterns of potential pathogens in coastal ecosystems remains rather limited. Here, we investigated the diversity, assembly, and co-occurrence network of potential pathogenic communities in two anthropogenic coastal regions, i.e., the eight mouths (EPR) and nearshore region (NSE), of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and a total of 11 potential pathogenic types were detected. The composition and diversity of potential pathogenic communities exhibited noteworthy distinctions between the EPR and NSE, with 6 shared potential pathogenic families. Additionally, in the NSE, a significant pattern of geographic decay was observed, whereas in the EPR, the pattern of geographic decay was not significant. Based on the Stegen null model, it was noted that undominant processes (53.36%/69.24%) and heterogeneous selection (27.35%/25.19%) dominated the assembly of potential pathogenic communities in EPR and NSE. Co-occurrence network analysis showed higher number of nodes, a lower average path length and graph diameter, as well as higher level of negative co-occurrences and modularity in EPR than those in NSE, indicating more complex and stable correlations between potential pathogens in EPR. These findings lay the groundwork for the effective management of potential pathogens, offering essential information for ecosystem conservation and public health considerations in the anthropogenic coastal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Zhu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjing Wen
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wencheng Zhao
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Open-sea Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Keshu Zou
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China.
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106
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Yang K, Zhang Z, Tang M, Ren Y, Hu J, Zhen Q, Zheng J. Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) plantation degradation aggravates microbial metabolic C and P limitations on the Northern Loess Plateau in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174088. [PMID: 38908587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Vegetation degradation in arid and semi-arid regions reduces plant C inputs to the soil, which can impede soil nutrient cycling because of the limited C source for microbial metabolism. However, whether vegetation degradation aggravates microbial nutrient limitation in degraded ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions is not fully understood. Here, we investigated changes in soil enzyme activity and microbial nutrient limitation along a well-documented gradient of degraded seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) (slightly degraded, canopy dieback <25 %, moderately degraded, canopy dieback 25 %-75 %, and severely degraded, canopy dieback >75 %) in Liang (long ridge) and gully channel locations in the Pisha Sandstone region of the Loess Plateau, China. We found that as the magnitude of seabuckthorn degradation increased, activities of C-acquiring enzymes and ratios of C:N and C:P enzymes (0.54-0.80 and 0.52-0.77, respectively) increased whereas the N:P enzyme ratio (0.93-0.99) decreased. Stoichiometric modelling further indicated that microorganisms were limited by soil C and P (vector angle >45°) in the seabuckthorn plantation region, and the degradation of seabuckthorn plantation aggravated microbial C and P limitations. Partial least squares path modelling revealed that seabuckthorn degradation (canopy dieback) was the main factor explaining microbial C limitation variations, while soil physicochemical properties (pH and soil moisture content) and understory plant parameters (litter biomass) were the major factors underlying microbial P limitation of long ridge and gully channel formations, respectively. Our findings highlight synergistic changes between aboveground and belowground processes, suggesting an unexpected negative effect of vegetation degradation on soil microbial community and nutrient cycling. These insights offer a direction for the development of plantation nutrients management strategies in semi-arid and arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment/State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhiao Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment/State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mei Tang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment/State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yunzhuo Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment/State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jian Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment/State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qing Zhen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment/State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Jiyong Zheng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment/State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, China
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107
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De Luca LA, Laurin M, Menani JV. Control of fluid intake in dehydrated rats and evolution of sodium appetite. Physiol Behav 2024; 284:114642. [PMID: 39032667 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present work is to examine from a new perspective the existence of causal factors not predicted by the classical theory that thirst and sodium appetite are two distinct motivations. For example, we ask why water deprivation induces sodium appetite, thirst is not "water appetite", and intracellular dehydration potentially causes sodium appetite. Contrary to the classical theory, we suggest that thirst first, and sodium appetite second, designate a temporal sequence underlying the same motivation. The single motivation becomes an "intervenient variable" a concept borrowed from the literature, fully explained in the text, between causes of dehydration (extracellular, intracellular, or both together), and respective behavioral responses subserved by hindbrain-dependent inhibition (e.g., lateral parabrachial nucleus) and forebrain facilitation (e.g., angiotensin II). A corollary is homology between rat sodium appetite and marine teleost thirst-like motivation that we name "protodipsia". The homology argument rests on similarities between behavior (salty water intake) and respective neuroanatomical as well as functional mechanisms. Tetrapod origin in a marine environment provides additional support for the homology. The single motivation hypothesis is also consistent with ingestive behaviors in nature given similarities (e.g., thirst producing brackish water intake) between the behavior of the laboratory rat and wild animals, rodents included. The hypotheses of single motivation and homology might explain why hyperosmotic rats, or eventually any other hyperosmotic tetrapod, shows paradoxical signs of sodium appetite. They might also explain how ingestive behaviors determined by dehydration and subserved by hindbrain inhibitory mechanisms contributed to tetrapod transition from sea to land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurival A De Luca
- Department of Physiology & Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14801-903 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Michel Laurin
- CR2P, UMR 7207, CNRS/MNHN/SU, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Bâtiment de Géologie, CP 48, F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - José Vanderlei Menani
- Department of Physiology & Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14801-903 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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108
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Ogutcen E, de Lima Ferreira P, Wagner ND, Marinček P, Vir Leong J, Aubona G, Cavender-Bares J, Michálek J, Schroeder L, Sedio BE, Vašut RJ, Volf M. Phylogenetic insights into the Salicaceae: The evolution of willows and beyond. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 199:108161. [PMID: 39079595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The Salicaceae includes approximately 54 genera and over 1,400 species with a cosmopolitan distribution. Members of the family are well-known for their diverse secondary plant metabolites, and they play crucial roles in tropical and temperate forest ecosystems. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Salicaceae has been historically challenging due to the limitations of molecular markers and the extensive history of hybridization and polyploidy within the family. Our study employs whole-genome sequencing of 74 species to generate an extensive phylogeny of the Salicaceae. We generated two RAD-Seq enriched whole-genome sequence datasets and extracted two additional gene sets corresponding to the universal Angiosperms353 and Salicaceae-specific targeted-capture arrays. We reconstructed maximum likelihood-based molecular phylogenies using supermatrix and coalescent-based supertree approaches. Our fossil-calibrated phylogeny estimates that the Salicaceae originated around 128 million years ago and unravels the complex taxonomic relationships within the family. Our findings confirm the non-monophyly of the subgenus Salix s.l. and further support the merging of subgenera Chamaetia and Vetrix, both of which exhibit intricate patterns within and among different sections. Overall, our study not only enhances our understanding of the evolution of the Salicaceae, but also provides valuable insights into the complex relationships within the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Ogutcen
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Paola de Lima Ferreira
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Natascha D Wagner
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pia Marinček
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jing Vir Leong
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gibson Aubona
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Michálek
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Trebon, Czech Republic
| | - Lucy Schroeder
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Brian E Sedio
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092 Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Radim J Vašut
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Volf
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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109
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Iqbal U, Daad A, Ali A, Gul MF, Aslam MU, Rehman FU, Farooq U. Surviving the desert's grasp: Decipherment phreatophyte Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. Adaptive strategies for arid resilience. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 347:112201. [PMID: 39053515 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Phreatophytes play an important role in maintaining the ecological services in arid and semi-arid areas. Characterizing the interaction between groundwater and phreatophytes is critical for the land and water management in such areas. Therefore, the identification of key traits related to mitigating desertification in differently adapted T. aphylla populations was the focus. Fifteen naturally adapted populations of the prominent phreatophyte T. aphylla from diverse ecological regions of Punjab, Pakistan were selected. Key structural and functional modifications involved in ecological success and adaptations against heterogeneous environments for water conservation include widened metaxylem vessels in roots, enlarged brachy sclereids in stems/leaves, tissues succulence, and elevated organic osmolytes and antioxidants activity for osmoregulation and defense mechanism. Populations from hot and dry deserts (Dratio: 43.17-34.88) exhibited longer roots and fine-scaled leaves, along with enlarged vascular bundles and parenchyma cells in stems. Populations inhabiting saline deserts (Dratio: 38.59-33.29) displayed enhanced belowground biomass production, larger root cellular area, broadest phloem region in stems, and numerous large stomata in leaves. Hyper-arid populations (Dratio: 33.54-23.07) excelled in shoot biomass production, stem cellular area, epidermal thickness, pith region in stems, and lamina thickness in leaves. In conclusion, this research highlights T. aphylla as a vital model for comprehending plant resilience to environmental stresses, with implications for carbon sequestration and ecosystem restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, 64200, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Daad
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal Gul
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usama Aslam
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Ur Rehman
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, 64200, Pakistan
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Wu W, Xu Q, Li J, Wang Z, Li G. The spatio-temporal accumulation of 6 PPD-Q in greenbelt soils and its effects on soil microbial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 358:124477. [PMID: 38950845 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
6 PPD-Q (6 PPD-Quinone) is an ozone-induced byproduct derived from the degradation of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6 PPD), commonly found in road dust resulting from tire wear. However, the extent of 6 PPD-Q pollution in urban soil remains unclear. This study investigates the spatial and temporal accumulation patterns of 6 PPD-Q in greenbelt soils in Ningbo, and explores the correlation between 6 PPD-Q accumulation and soil microbial community composition and functions. Our findings indicate that 6 PPD-Q is present (ranging from 0.85 to 12.58 μg/kg) in soil samples collected from both sides of urban traffic arteries. Soil fungi exhibit higher sensitivity to 6 PPD-Q accumulation compared to bacteria, and associated fungi (Basidiomycota) may be potential biomarkers for environmental 6 PPD-Q contamination. Co-occurrence network analysis reveals that the bacterial microbial network in summer exhibits greater stability and resilience in response to 6 PPD-Q inputs than in winter. However, 6 PPD-Q accumulation disrupts the network structure of fungal communities to some extent, leading to reduced diversity in fungal microbial communities. Long-term accumulation of 6 PPD-Q weakens the nitrogen and phosphorus cycling potential within urban soil, while the enhancement of carbon cycling may further promote 6 PPD-Q degradation in urban soil. Taken together, this study provides new insights into the ecological risks of 6 PPD-Q in urban soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo, 315830, PR China; School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo, 315830, PR China.
| | - Jinhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo, 315830, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo, 315830, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
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111
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Wang X, Cheng J, Zhang J, Chen F. Influences of crop diversification on yield, resource use efficiency, and environmental footprint in farmland landscapes in intensive farming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174009. [PMID: 38901579 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing crop diversification in intensive fields has the potential to increase crop yield and reduce environmental footprint. However, these relationships at the landscape scale remained unclear in intensive farming. Addressing this gap, this paper aims to elucidate how crop yield, resources use efficiency (RUE), and environmental footprint (EF) vary with crop diversification levels in the North China Plain. Management practices, including crop pattern, field size, and agronomic inputs, were collected for 421 landscapes of 1 × 1 km subplots using Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 images and survey. The results showed that, at the landscape scale, energy and fertilizer contributed over 53 %, and 37 % of the carbon footprint, respectively. N fertilizer constituted >98 % of the nitrogen footprint. P fertilizer accounted for over 80 %, while electricity comprised >13 % of the phosphorus footprint. Compared with simplified landscapes, diversified landscapes exhibited several significant features: 1) 56 % reduction of the area ratio of winter wheat-summer maize double crop pattern (WM), 2) a significant decrease in field size, 3) the decreased use of total NPK fertilizers at 32 %, 30 %, and 30 %, respectively, 4) the increased inputs of irrigation water, diesel, electricity, pesticide and labour at 21 %, 19 %, 21 %, 77 %, and 92 %, respectively. Although yield could be reduced at 33 % when transforming simplified landscapes into moderately diversified ones, they increased with the further promotion of crop diversification. Thus, the diversified landscapes could achieve a balance in yield, RUE, and EF to enhance sustainability, whereas simplified landscapes can similarly achieve a balance to benefit productivity. We emphasize the viable potential of diversified landscapes to enhance sustainable agricultural development by optimizing crop composition. This analysis offers pioneering evidence of landscape-scale agronomic and environmental performances of crop diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China; Key Labouratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiali Cheng
- Key Labouratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Labouratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fu Chen
- Key Labouratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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112
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Zhang L, Zhang G, Shi Z, He M, Ma D, Liu J. Effects of polypropylene micro(nano)plastics on soil bacterial and fungal community assembly in saline-alkaline wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173890. [PMID: 38885717 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is a major environmental threat, especially to terrestrial ecosystems. To better understand the effects of microplastics on soil microbiota, the influence of micro- to nano-scale polypropylene plastics was investigated on microbial community diversity, functionality, co-occurrence, assembly, and their interaction with soil-plant using high-throughput sequencing approaches and multivariate analyses. The results showed that polypropylene micro/nano-plastics mainly reduced bacterial diversity, not fungal, and that plastic size had a stronger effect than concentration on the assembly of microbial communities. Nano-plastics decreased the complexity and connectivity of both bacterial and fungal networks compared to micro-plastics. Moreover, bacteria were more sensitive and deterministic to polypropylene micro/nano-plastic stress than fungi, as shown by their different growth rates, guanine-cytosine content, and cell structure. Interestingly, the dominant ecological process for bacteria shifted from stochastic drift to deterministic selection with polypropylene micro/nano-plastic exposure. Furthermore, nano-plastics directly or indirectly disrupted the interactions within intra-microbes and between soil-bacteria-plant by altering soil nutrients and stoichiometry (C:N:P) or plant diversity. Collectively, the results indicate that polypropylene nano-plastics pose more ecological risks to soil microbes and their plant-soil interactions. This study sheds light on the potential ecological consequences of polypropylene micro/nano-plastic pollution in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Guorui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Ziyue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Mengxuan He
- School of Geographic and Environmental Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China..
| | - Dan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
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113
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Williams CE, Fontaine SS. Commentary: The microbial dependence continuum: Towards a comparative physiology approach to understand host reliance on microbes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 296:111690. [PMID: 38964709 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Comparative physiologists often compare physiological traits across organisms to understand the selective pressures influencing their evolution in different environments. Traditionally focused on the organisms themselves, comparative physiology has more recently incorporated studies of the microbiome-the communities of microbes living in and on animals that influence host physiology. In this commentary, we describe the utility of applying a comparative framework to study the microbiome, particularly in understanding how hosts vary in their dependence on microbial communities for physiological function, a concept we term the "microbial dependence continuum". This hypothesis suggests that hosts exist on a spectrum ranging from high to low reliance on their microbiota. Certain physiological traits may be highly dependent on microbes for proper function in some species but microbially independent in others. Comparative physiology can elucidate the selective pressures driving species along this continuum. Here, we discuss the microbial dependence continuum in detail and how comparative physiology can be useful to study it. Then, we discuss two example traits, herbivory and flight, where comparative physiology has helped reveal the selective pressures influencing host dependence on microbial communities. Lastly, we discuss useful experimental approaches for studying the microbial dependence continuum in a comparative physiology context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Williams
- University of Nevada, Department of Biology, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Samantha S Fontaine
- Kent State University, Department of Biological Sciences, 800 E Summit St, Kent, OH, USA. https://twitter.com/sammiefontaine
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114
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Ohhara Y, Sato M, Sakai M, Sugiyama C, Ozawa T, Yamakawa-Kobayashi K. The bioconversion of dietary α-linolenic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid in Bombyx mori. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 274:111007. [PMID: 39038779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
n-3 Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are essential multifunctional nutrients in animals. Microorganisms such as microalgae are known to be n-3 LC-PUFA producers in aquatic environments. Various aquatic invertebrates, including Harpacticoida copepods, and a few terrestrial invertebrates, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, possess n-3 LC-PUFA biosynthetic enzymes. However, the capacity for n-3 LC-PUFA biosynthesis and the underlying molecular mechanisms in terrestrial insects are largely unclear. In this study, we investigated the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway in the silkworm Bombyx mori and found that EPA was present in silkworms throughout their development. Stable isotope tracing revealed that dietary α-linolenic acid (ALA) was metabolized to EPA in silkworm larvae. These results indicated that silkworms synthesize EPA from ALA. Given that EPA is enriched in the central nervous system, we propose that EPA confers optimal neuronal functions, similar to docosahexaenoic acid, in the mammalian nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ohhara
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Mai Sato
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Mai Sakai
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Chika Sugiyama
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ozawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamakawa-Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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115
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McCaw BA, Leonard AM, Stevenson TJ, Lancaster LT. A role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating female reproductive responses to temperature in a pest beetle. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 33:516-533. [PMID: 38864655 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Many species are threatened by climate change and must rapidly respond to survive in changing environments. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, can facilitate plastic responses by regulating gene expression in response to environmental cues. Understanding epigenetic responses is therefore essential for predicting species' ability to rapidly adapt in the context of global environmental change. Here, we investigated the functional significance of different methylation-associated cellular processes on temperature-dependent life history in seed beetles, Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius 1775 (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). We assessed changes under thermal stress in (1) DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt1 and Dnmt2) expression levels, (2) genome-wide methylation and (3) reproductive performance, with (2) and (3) following treatment with 3-aminobenzamide (3AB) and zebularine (Zeb) over two generations. These drugs are well-documented to alter DNA methylation across the tree of life. We found that Dnmt1 and Dnmt2 were expressed throughout the body in males and females, but were highly expressed in females compared with males and exhibited temperature dependence. However, whole-genome methylation did not significantly vary with temperature, and only marginally or inconclusively with drug treatment. Both 3AB and Zeb led to profound temperature-dependent shifts in female reproductive life history trade-off allocation, often increasing fitness compared with control beetles. Mismatch between magnitude of treatment effects on DNA methylation versus life history effects suggest potential of 3AB and Zeb to alter reproductive trade-offs via changes in DNA repair and recycling processes, rather than or in addition to (subtle) changes in DNA methylation. Together, our results suggest that epigenetic mechanisms relating to Dnmt expression, DNA repair and recycling pathways, and possibly DNA methylation, are strongly implicated in modulating insect life history trade-offs in response to temperature change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A McCaw
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Aoife M Leonard
- Centre for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tyler J Stevenson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Lesley T Lancaster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
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116
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Euclydes R, Campião KM. Patterns in parasite diversity and interactions with anurans from the Atlantic Forest. Parasitol Int 2024; 102:102914. [PMID: 38908472 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2024.102914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge of parasite-host interactions is essential for understanding factors associated with the ecology and evolution of both groups. Some aspects, such as host size and phylogeny, as well as parasite specificity, are significant predictors that help unveil the parasite-host relationship. Thus, the goals of this study were: (1) to describe parasite diversity in regions of the Atlantic Forest; (2) to analyze which host characteristics can influence parasite richness of anuran's parasite component community; and (3) to investigate if the prevalence of parasite infection is related to specificity metrics (ecological and phylogenetic), number of infected hosts and parasite's abundance. We identified 49 parasite taxa, classified into three phyla: Nematoda, Acanthocephala, and Platyhelminthes. Supporting the existing literature, our findings corroborate the positive relationship between host size and parasite richness, further emphasizing the significance of this predictor. Parasite prevalence in the host community is related to the number of infected host species and parasite abundance, but not to phylogenetic and ecological specificity indices. This shows that parasite prevalence is strongly associated with infection opportunity, host sampling effort, and high parasite abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Euclydes
- Department of Zoology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Karla Magalhães Campião
- Department of Zoology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil
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117
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Weibel CJ, Dasari MR, Jansen DA, Gesquiere LR, Mututua RS, Warutere JK, Siodi LI, Alberts SC, Tung J, Archie EA. Using non-invasive behavioral and physiological data to measure biological age in wild baboons. GeroScience 2024; 46:4059-4074. [PMID: 38693466 PMCID: PMC11336142 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological aging is near-ubiquitous in the animal kingdom, but its timing and pace vary between individuals and over lifespans. Prospective, individual-based studies of wild animals-especially non-human primates-help identify the social and environmental drivers of this variation by indicating the conditions and exposure windows that affect aging processes. However, measuring individual biological age in wild primates is challenging because several of the most promising methods require invasive sampling. Here, we leverage observational data on behavior and physiology, collected non-invasively from 319 wild female baboons across 2402 female-years of study, to develop a composite predictor of age: the non-invasive physiology and behavior (NPB) clock. We found that age predictions from the NPB clock explained 51% of the variation in females' known ages. Further, deviations from the clock's age predictions predicted female survival: females predicted to be older than their known ages had higher adult mortality. Finally, females who experienced harsh early-life conditions were predicted to be about 6 months older than those who grew up in more benign conditions. While the relationship between early adversity and NPB age is noisy, this estimate translates to a predicted 2-3 year reduction in mean adult lifespan in our model. A constraint of our clock is that it is tailored to data collection approaches implemented in our study population. However, many of the clock's components have analogs in other populations, suggesting that non-invasive data can provide broadly applicable insight into heterogeneity in biological age in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea J Weibel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Mauna R Dasari
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - David A Jansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | - Raphael S Mututua
- Amboseli Baboon Research Project, Amboseli National Park, Kajiado, Kenya
| | - J Kinyua Warutere
- Amboseli Baboon Research Project, Amboseli National Park, Kajiado, Kenya
| | - Long'ida I Siodi
- Amboseli Baboon Research Project, Amboseli National Park, Kajiado, Kenya
| | - Susan C Alberts
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Primate Behavior and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Archie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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Shen C, Yan R, Lu B, Li Z, Zhang R, Zhang D, Wang C. Dissimilarity of megabenthic community structure between deep-water seamounts with cobalt-rich crusts: Case study in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173914. [PMID: 38885715 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
As anthropogenic disturbance on deep-sea seamount ecosystems grows, there is an urgent need for a better understanding of the biodiversity and community structure in benthic ecosystems, which can vary at local and regional scales. A survey of the benthic megafauna on two adjacent deep-water seamounts in the northwestern Pacific Ocean was conducted, which are covered by cobalt-rich crusts, to assess the biodiversity patterns and dissimilarity of assemblage composition. Based on a multidisciplinary dataset generated from video recordings, multibeam bathymetry data, and near-bottom currents, environmental and spatial factors impacting the megabenthic communities were explored. Results showed that these two deep-water seamounts were dominated by hexactinellids, crinoids, and octocorals. The seamounts were able to support diverse and moderately abundant megafauna, with a total of 6436 individuals classified into 94 morphospecies. The survey covered a distance of 52.2 km across a depth range of 1421-3335 m, revealing multiple distinct megabenthic assemblages. The megabenthic communities of the two deep-water seamounts, with comparable environmental conditions, exhibited similarities in overall density, richness, and faunal lists, while dissimilarities in the relative abundance of taxa and assemblage composition. No gradual depth-related change in terms of abundance, richness, or species turnover was observed across the two seamounts, despite the statistical significance of depth in structuring the overall communities. The spatial distribution of megabenthic communities displayed a discontinuous and patchy pattern throughout the two deep-water seamounts. This patchiness was driven by the interactive effects of multiple environmental factors. Near-bottom currents and microhabitat features were the primary drivers influencing their dissimilarities in megabenthic community structure. This case study on the megabenthic community structure of two adjacent seamounts with cobalt-rich crusts can serve as an environmental baseline, providing a reference status for the conservation and management of seamount ecosystems, particularly valuable for areas being considered for deep-sea mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Runxuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Zhenggang Li
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Tan M, Hall KC, Litchfield S, Champion C, de Carvalho MC, Mos B, Dworjanyn S, Kelaher BP. Water temperature affects somatic growth, body condition and oxygen and carbon otolith isotopes of stout whiting (Sillago robusta). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174058. [PMID: 38897478 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Ocean warming will continue to affect the growth, body condition and geographic distributions of marine fishes and understanding these effects is an urgent challenge for fisheries research and management. Determining how temperature is recorded in fish otolith carbonate, provides an additional chronological tool to investigate thermal histories, preferences and patterns of movement throughout an individual's life history. The influence of three water temperature treatments (22°C, 25°C, and 28°C) on hatchery-reared juvenile stout whiting, Sillago robusta, was tested using a controlled outdoor mesocosm system. Fish were measured for change in length and weight, and body condition was determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Sagittal otoliths were analysed for stable oxygen (δ18Ootolith) and carbon (δ13Cotolith) isotopes via isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Whiting kept at 22°C were significantly smaller and had diminished body condition compared to fish in 25°C and 28°C, which did not significantly differ from each other. The δ18O otolith values of stout whiting demonstrated a negative temperature-dependent fractionation relationship which was similar in slope but had a different intercept to the relationships reported for inorganic aragonite and other marine fish species. The δ13C otolith values also showed a negative relationship with water temperature, and the calculated proportion of metabolic carbon M in otoliths differed between fish reared in the coolest (22°C) and warmest (28°C) temperature treatments. Overall, the results suggest that stout whiting may have reached an upper growth threshold between 25°C and 28°C, and that growth and body condition may be optimised during warmer seasons and toward the northerly regions of their distribution. Otolith oxygen thermometry shows promise as a natural tracer of thermal life history, and species-specific fractionation equations should be utilised when possible to prevent errors in temperature reconstructions of wild-caught fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Tan
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Dr, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia.
| | - Karina C Hall
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, 2 Bay Dr, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - Sebastian Litchfield
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Dr, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - Curtis Champion
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, 2 Bay Dr, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - Matheus Carvalho de Carvalho
- Southern Cross Analytical Research Services, Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry - IRMS laboratory, Military Rd, East Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia
| | - Benjamin Mos
- Moreton Bay Research Station, School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Dunwich/Goompi, QLD 4183, Australia; Centre for Marine Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Symon Dworjanyn
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Dr, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - Brendan P Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Dr, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
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120
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Shahzad K, Alatalo JM, Zhu M, Cao L, Hao Y, Dai J. Geographic conditions impact the relationship between plant phenology and phylogeny. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174083. [PMID: 38906301 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Plant phenology is influenced by a combined effect of phylogeny and climate, although it is yet unclear how these two variables work together to change phenology. We synthesized 107 previously published studies to examine whether phenological changes were impacted by both phylogeny and climate changes in various geographical settings globally. Phenological observation data from 52,463 plant species at 71 sites worldwide revealed that 90 % of phenological records showed phylogenetic conservation. i.e., closely related species exhibited similar phenology. To explore the significant and non-significant phylogenetic conservation between plant phenophases, our dataset comprises 5,47,000 observation records from the four main phenophases (leaf bud, leaf, flower, and fruit). Three-dimensional geographical distribution (altitude, latitude, and longitude) data analysis revealed that plant phenology may exhibit phylogenetic signals at finer special scales (optimal environmental conditions) that vanish in high altitude and latitude regions. Additionally, climatic sensitivity analysis suggested that phylogenetic signals were associated with plant phenophases and were stronger in the regions of ideal temperature (7-18 °C) and photoperiod (10-14 h) and weaker in harsh climatic conditions. These results show that phylogenetic conservation in plant phenological traits is frequently influenced by the interaction of harsh climatic conditions and geographical ranges. This meta-analysis enhances our knowledge of predicting species responses over geographic gradients under varied climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Shahzad
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; Nebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | | | - Mengyao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lijuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yulong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junhu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Campbell MA, Hammer MP, Adams M, Raadik TA, Unmack PJ. Evolutionary relationships and fine-scale geographic structuring in the temperate percichthyid genus Gadopsis (blackfishes) to support fisheries and conservation management. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 199:108159. [PMID: 39029548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Gadopsis (Percichthyidae) is a freshwater genus distributed in south-eastern Australia, including Tasmania, and comprises two recognized species. Previous molecular phylogenetic investigations of the genus, mostly conducted in the pre-genomics era and reflecting a range of geographic and molecular sampling intensities, have supported the recognition of up to seven candidate species. Here we analyze a genome-wide SNP dataset that provides comprehensive geographic and genomic coverage of Gadopsis to produce a robust hypothesis of species boundaries and evolutionary relationships. We then leverage the SNP dataset to characterize relationships within candidate species that lack clear intraspecific phylogenetic relationships. We find further support for the seven previously identified candidate species of Gadopsis and evidence that the Bass Strait centered candidate species (SBA) originated from ancient hybridization. The SNP dataset permits a high degree of intraspecific resolution, providing improvements over previous studies, with numerous candidate species showing intraspecific divisions in phylogenetic analysis. Further population genetic analysis of the Murray-Darling candidate species (NMD) and SBA finds support for K = 6 and K = 7 genetic clusters, respectively. The SNP data generated for this study have diverse applications in natural resource management for these fishes of conservation concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Campbell
- The University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA; University of Alaska Museum of the North, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA.
| | - Michael P Hammer
- Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Mark Adams
- South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tarmo A Raadik
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Unmack
- University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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122
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Gonzalez JF, Sánchez-Carnero N, Frere E, Yorio P, Ciancio JE. Developing δ 15N and δ 13C isoscapes using whole blood from Magellanic penguins, Spheniscus magellanicus. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9860. [PMID: 38989637 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Understanding the migration of marine animals is hindered by the limitations of traditional tracking methods. It is therefore crucial to develop alternative methods. Stable isotope-based tracking has proven useful for this task, although it requires detailed isoscapes in the focal area. Here, we present predator-based isoscapes of the coastal zone of the Patagonian Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem (PSLME), which offers a novel tool for geolocation. METHODS Whole-blood samples from breeding Magellanic penguins nesting at 11 colonies were used to create δ15N and δ13C isoscapes. Isotopic values were assigned to random positions inside their corresponding foraging area. Spatial analysis and data interpolation resulted in δ15N and δ13C isoscapes for the coastal zone of the PSLME, which were validated through cross-validation. RESULTS The isoscapes mean standard error ranged from 0.05 to 0.41 for δ15N and from 0.07 to 0.3 for δ13C, similar to the error range of the mass spectrometer used for measuring isotope ratios. Predictive surfaces reflected the latitudinal trends, with δ13C and δ15N values increasing northwards. δ13C values showed a strong latitudinal gradient, while δ15N values had two distinct domains, with higher values in the north. The error surface indicated the highest certainty within 130 km from the shore and within the reported Magellanic penguin foraging areas. CONCLUSIONS Both isoscapes revealed strong spatial variation. The δ13C isoscape showed a latitudinal gradient, consistent with patterns in other oceans. The δ15N isoscape clearly separated northern and southern colonies, likely influenced by nitrogen sources. The error obtained fell within the measurement error ranges, adding credibility to the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana F Gonzalez
- Centro Regional Universitario Patagónico, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Noela Sánchez-Carnero
- CESIMAR Centro Nacional Patagónico-CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
- Grupo de Oceanografía Física y Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Esteban Frere
- Centro de Investigaciones Puerto Deseado UNPA CP, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Wildlife Conservation Society Argentina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Yorio
- CESIMAR Centro Nacional Patagónico-CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
- Wildlife Conservation Society Argentina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier E Ciancio
- CESIMAR Centro Nacional Patagónico-CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
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123
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Dong Y, Van de Maele M, De Meester L, Verheyen J, Stoks R. Pollution offsets the rapid evolution of increased heat tolerance in a natural population. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173070. [PMID: 38734087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite the increasing evidence for rapid thermal evolution in natural populations, evolutionary rescue under global warming may be constrained by the presence of other stressors. Highly relevant in our polluted planet, is the largely ignored evolutionary trade-off between heat tolerance and tolerance to pollutants. By using two subpopulations (separated 40 years in time) from a resurrected natural population of the water flea Daphnia magna that experienced a threefold increase in heat wave frequency during this period, we tested whether rapid evolution of heat tolerance resulted in reduced tolerance to the widespread metal zinc and whether this would affect heat tolerance upon exposure to the pollutant. Our results revealed rapid evolution of increased heat tolerance in the recent subpopulation. Notably, the sensitivity to the metal tended to be stronger (reduction in net energy budget) or was only present (reductions in heat tolerance and in sugar content) in the recent subpopulation. As a result, the rapidly evolved higher heat tolerance of the recent subpopulation was fully offset when exposed to zinc. Our results highlight that the many reports of evolutionary rescue to global change stressors may give a too optimistic view as our warming planet is polluted by metals and other pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marlies Van de Maele
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc De Meester
- Freshwater Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biology, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julie Verheyen
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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124
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Li M, Bai L, Yang L, Wang Q, Zhu J. Amount, distribution and controls of the soil organic carbon storage loss in the degraded China's grasslands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173848. [PMID: 38871318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
More than 80 % of China's grasslands are classified as degraded, and the loss of soil carbon storage due to degradation has a significant impact on China's terrestrial carbon sinks as well as carbon neutrality targets. The loss of soil carbon storage in degraded grasslands can serve as a benchmark for quantifying the carbon sequestration capacity of restored grasslands in the future. Here, above- and below-ground biomass, soil organic carbon (SOC) content at various depths (0-100 cm) and soil bulk density were collected from 226 degradation sequences around China. The above information was integrated and statistically analyzed to quantify the difference of SOC storage between the degraded and natural grassland at national scale. The result showed that grassland degradation led to a significant reduction in SOC storage across different depths. SOC (0-100 cm) of degraded grassland decreased by 39 % compared to that of natural grassland, ranging from 21 % in the lightly degraded sites to 59 % of the extremely degraded sites. 15 potential predictors were used to estimate the national amount of these differences of 0-20 cm depth SOC storage as 5.29 ± 1.59 Pg C. This considerable carbon storage gap implies the necessity of China's grassland restoration project in achieving carbon neutrality goals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 768 West Jiayuguan Road, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Limin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 768 West Jiayuguan Road, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 768 West Jiayuguan Road, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 768 West Jiayuguan Road, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Jianxiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 768 West Jiayuguan Road, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020, China.
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Madeira D, Madeira C, Calosi P, Vermandele F, Carrier-Belleau C, Barria-Araya A, Daigle R, Findlay HS, Poisot T. Multilayer biological networks to upscale marine research to global change-smart management and sustainable resource use. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173837. [PMID: 38866145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Human activities are having a massive negative impact on biodiversity and ecological processes worldwide. The rate and magnitude of ecological transformations induced by climate change, habitat destruction, overexploitation and pollution are now so substantial that a sixth mass extinction event is currently underway. The biodiversity crisis of the Anthropocene urges scientists to put forward a transformative vision to promote the conservation of biodiversity, and thus indirectly the preservation of ecosystem functions. Here, we identify pressing issues in global change biology research and propose an integrative framework based on multilayer biological networks as a tool to support conservation actions and marine risk assessments in multi-stressor scenarios. Multilayer networks can integrate different levels of environmental and biotic complexity, enabling us to combine information on molecular, physiological and behaviour responses, species interactions and biotic communities. The ultimate aim of this framework is to link human-induced environmental changes to species physiology, fitness, biogeography and ecosystem impacts across vast seascapes and time frames, to help guide solutions to address biodiversity loss and ecological tipping points. Further, we also define our current ability to adopt a widespread use of multilayer networks within ecology, evolution and conservation by providing examples of case-studies. We also assess which approaches are ready to be transferred and which ones require further development before use. We conclude that multilayer biological networks will be crucial to inform (using reliable multi-levels integrative indicators) stakeholders and support their decision-making concerning the sustainable use of resources and marine conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Madeira
- Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources (ECOMARE), Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carolina Madeira
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Piero Calosi
- Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Geography, University of Quebec in Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, G5L 3A1, Québec, Canada
| | - Fanny Vermandele
- Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Geography, University of Quebec in Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, G5L 3A1, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Aura Barria-Araya
- Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Geography, University of Quebec in Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, G5L 3A1, Québec, Canada
| | - Remi Daigle
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada; Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Timothée Poisot
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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Qu LP, Dong G, Chen J, Xiao J, De Boeck HJ, Chen J, Jiang S, Batkhishig O, Legesse TG, Xin X, Shao C. Soil environmental anomalies dominate the responses of net ecosystem productivity to heatwaves in three Mongolian grasslands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173742. [PMID: 38839012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is causing more frequent and intense heatwaves. Therefore, it is important to understand how heatwaves affect the terrestrial carbon cycle, especially in grasslands, which are especially susceptible to climate extremes. This study assessed the impact of naturally occurring, simultaneous short-term heatwaves on CO2 fluxes in three ecosystems on the Mongolia Plateau: meadow steppe (MDW), typical steppe (TPL), and shrub-grassland (SHB). During three heatwaves, net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was reduced by 86 %, 178 %, and 172 % at MDW, TPL, and SHB, respectively. The changes in ecosystem respiration, gross primary production, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency were divergent, indicating the mechanisms underlying the observed NEP decreases among the sites. The impact of the heatwave in MDW was mitigated by the high soil water content, which enhanced evapotranspiration and subsequent cooling effects. However, at TPL, insufficient soil water led to combined thermal and drought stress and low resilience. At SHB, the ecosystem's low tolerance to an August heatwave was heavily influenced by species phenology, as it coincided with the key phenological growing phase of plants. The potential key mechanism of divergent NEP response to heatwaves lies in the divergent stability and varying importance of environmental factors, combined with the specific sensitivity of NEP to each factor in ecosystems. Furthermore, our findings suggest that anomalies in soil environment, rather than atmospheric anomalies, are the primary determinants of NEP anomalies during heatwaves. This challenges the conventional understanding of heatwaves as a discrete and ephemeral periods of high air temperatures. Instead, heatwaves should be viewed as chronologically variable, compound, and time-sensitive environmental stressors. The ultimate impact of heatwaves on ecosystems is co-determined by a complex interplay of environmental, biological, and heatwave features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ping Qu
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiquan Chen
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Jingfeng Xiao
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Hans J De Boeck
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jingyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shicheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ochirbat Batkhishig
- Institute of Geography, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaartar 210620, Mongolia
| | - Tsegaye Gemechu Legesse
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Changliang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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de Araújo WS, Bergamini LL, Almeida-Neto M. Global effects of land-use intensity and exotic plants on the structure and phylogenetic signal of plant-herbivore networks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173949. [PMID: 38876343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between plants and herbivorous insects are often phylogenetically structured, with closely related insect species using similar sets of species or lineages of plants, while phylogenetically closer plants tend to share high proportions of their herbivore insect species. Notably, these phylogenetic constraints in plant-herbivore interactions tend to be more pronounced among internal plant-feeding herbivores (i.e., endophages) than among external feeders (i.e., exophages). In the context of growing human-induced habitat conversion and the global proliferation of exotic species, it is crucial to understand how ecological networks respond to land-use intensification and the increasing presence of exotic plants. In this study, we analyzed plant-herbivore network data from various locations of the World to ascertain the degree to which land-use intensity and the prevalence of exotic plants induce predictable changes in their network topology - measured by levels of nestedness and modularity - and phylogenetic structures. Additionally, we investigated whether the intimacy of plant-herbivore interactions, contrasting endophagous with exophagous networks, modulate changes in network structure. Our findings reveal that most plant-herbivore networks are characterized by significant phylogenetic and topological structures. However, neither these structures did not show consistent changes in response to increased levels of land-use intensify. On the other hand, for the networks composed of endophagous herbivores, the level of nestedness was higher in the presence of a high proportion of exotic plants. Additionally, for networks of exophagous herbivores, we observed an increase in the phylogenetic structure of interactions due to exotic host dominance. These results underscore the differential impacts of exotic species and land-use intensity on the phylogenetic and topological structures of plant-herbivore networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Santos de Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG 39401-089, Brazil..
| | - Leonardo Lima Bergamini
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais do Cerrado, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, Brasília, DF 70312-970, Brazil
| | - Mário Almeida-Neto
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74001-970, Brazil
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Kristiansen SM, Leinaas HP, van Gestel CAM, Borgå K. Thermal adaptation affects the temperature-dependent toxicity of the insecticide imidacloprid to soil invertebrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173845. [PMID: 38871314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Terrestrial ectotherms are vulnerable to climate change since their biological rates depend on the ambient temperature. As temperature may interact with toxicant exposure, climate change may cause unpredictable responses to toxic stress. A population's thermal adaptation will impact its response to temperature change, but also to interactive effects from temperature and toxicants, but these effects are still not fully understood. Here, we assessed the combined effects of exposure to the insecticide imidacloprid across the temperatures 10-25 °C of two populations of the Collembola Hypogastrura viatica (Tullberg, 1872), by determining their responses in multiple life history traits. The con-specific populations differ considerably in thermal adaptations; one (arctic) is a temperature generalist, while the other (temperate) is a warm-adapted specialist. For both populations, the sub-lethal concentrations of imidacloprid became lethal with increasing temperature. Although the thermal maximum is higher for the warm-adapted population, the reduction in survival was stronger. Growth was reduced by imidacloprid in a temperature-dependent manner, but only at the adult life stage. The decrease in adult body size combined with the absence of an effect on the age at first reproduction suggests a selection on the timing of maturation. Egg production was reduced by imidacloprid in both populations, but the negative effect was only dependent on temperature in the warm-adapted population, with no effect at 10 °C, and decreases of 41 % at 15 °C, and 74 % at 20 °C. For several key traits, the population best adapted to utilize high temperatures was also the most sensitive to toxic stress at higher temperatures. It could be that by allocating more energy to faster growth, development, and reproduction at higher temperatures, the population had less energy for maintenance, making it more sensitive to toxic stress. Our findings demonstrate the need to take into account a population's thermal adaptation when assessing the interactive effects between temperature and other stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje M Kristiansen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernvn 31, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hans P Leinaas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernvn 31, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boolelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernvn 31, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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129
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Rota F, Scherrer D, Bergamini A, Price B, Walthert L, Baltensweiler A. Unravelling the impact of soil data quality on species distribution models of temperate forest woody plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173719. [PMID: 38839003 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Soil properties influence plant physiology and growth, playing a fundamental role in shaping species niches in temperate forest ecosystems. Here, we investigated the impact of soil data quality on the performance of species distribution models (SDMs) of 41 woody plant species in Swiss forests. We compared models based on measured soil properties with those based on digitally mapped soil properties on regional (Swiss Forest Soil Maps) and global scales (SoilGrids). We first calibrated topo-climatic SDMs with measured soil data and plant species presences and absences from mature temperate forest stand plots. We developed further models using the same soil predictors, but with values extracted from digital soil maps at the nearest neighbouring plots of the Swiss National Forestry Inventory. The predictive power of SDMs without soil information compared to those with soil information, as well as measured soil information vs digitally mapped, was evaluated with metrics of model performance and variable contribution. On average, models with measured and digitally mapped soil properties performed significantly better than those without soil information. SDMs based on measured and Swiss Forest Soil Maps showed higher performance, especially for species with an 'extreme' niche position (e.g., preference for high or low pH), compared to those using SoilGrids. Nevertheless, if no regional soil maps are available, SoilGrids should be tested for their potential to improve SDMs. Moreover, among the tested soil predictors, pH, and clay content of the topsoil layers most improved the predictive power of SDMs for forest woody plants. In conclusion, we demonstrate the value of regional soil maps for predicting the distribution of woody species across strong environmental gradients in temperate forests. The improved accuracy of SDMs and insights into drivers of distribution may support forest managers in strategies supporting e.g. biodiversity conservation, or climate adaptation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Rota
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Scherrer
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ariel Bergamini
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Bronwyn Price
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Walthert
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Andri Baltensweiler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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130
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Zhang S, Zhan A, Zhao J, Yao M. Metropolitan pressures: Significant biodiversity declines and strong filtering of functional traits in fish assemblages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173885. [PMID: 38871310 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Accelerating global urbanization is leading to drastic losses and restructuring of biodiversity. Although it is crucial to understand urban impacts on biodiversity to develop mitigation strategies, there is a dearth of knowledge on the functional structure of fish assemblages spanning the entire city-scale spectrum of urbanization intensity. Here, using environmental DNA sampled from 109 water sites in Beijing, we investigated the taxonomic and functional diversity patterns of fish assemblages across the city and uncovered community-, trait-, and species-level responses to various environmental stressors. By ranking sampling sites into three disturbance levels according to water physiochemical and landcover conditions, we found that both native and non-native fish taxonomic and functional α-diversity decreased significantly with elevating disturbance, as strong disturbance led to the disappearance of many species. However, the quantitative taxonomic and functional β-diversity components of native and non-native fish showed distinct patterns; assemblage turnover dominated native fish β-diversity and decreased with increasing disturbance, whereas species/trait richness differences dominated non-native fish β-diversity and increased with disturbance intensity particularly in lotic waters. RLQ and fourth-corner analyses revealed that fish size, fecundity, diet, and reproductive behaviors were significantly correlated with water quality, with pollution-tolerant, larger-sized native and omnivorous non-native fishes being urban winners, which indicates strong trait-dependent environmental filtering. Potential ecological indicator species were identified based on the sensitivity of fish responses to pollution loads; these were mostly small native species, and many have bivalve-dependent reproduction. Our results demonstrate that, along with native fish assemblage simplification and homogenization, urban stressors exert profound impacts on community trait composition, highlighting the need to consider both biodiversity loss and functional reorganization in combating disturbance of aquatic ecosystems under global urbanization. Furthermore, correlations between cropland cover and water nutrient level suggested that the management of agricultural runoff might be critically important for safeguarding urban water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering, NFGA Key Laboratory for Conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and Leopard, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Aibin Zhan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jindong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meng Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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131
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Bao Y, Han A, Gele T, Song Z, Liu X, Tong Z, Zhang J. Climate change reduces elevational and latitudinal differences in spring phenology of pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis Bulter). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173847. [PMID: 38871325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis Bulter, Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), as an ectotherm, temperature plays a crucial role in its development. With climate change, earlier development of insect pests is expected to pose a more frequent threat to forest communities. Yet the quantitative research about the extent to which global warming affects pine caterpillar populations is rarely understood, particularly across various elevations and latitudes. Spring phenology of pine caterpillars showed an advancing trend with 0.8 d/10a, 2.2 d/10a, 2.2 d/10a, and 3.3 d/10a under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 scenario, respectively. There was a maximum advance of 20 d in spring phenology of pine caterpillars during the 2090s, from mid-March to early March, and even late February. This study highlighted the significant advance in spring phenology at elevations >1000 m and lower latitudes. Consequently, the differences in elevational and latitudinal gradients were relatively small as the increasing temperatures at the end of the 21st century. And the average temperature in February-March was effective in explaining theses variability. These findings are crucial for adapting and mitigating to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Bao
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Aru Han
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Teri Gele
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ziming Song
- Collage of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Xingpeng Liu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhijun Tong
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Changchun 130024, China.
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132
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Tu Y, Yao Z, Guo J, Yang L, Zhu Y, Yang X, Shi Z, Indree T. Predicting the potential risk of Caragana shrub encroachment in the Eurasian steppe under anthropogenic climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173925. [PMID: 38866162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Climate change and human activities drive widespread shrub encroachment in global grassland ecosystems, particularly in the Eurasian steppe. Caragana shrubs, the primary contributors to shrub encroachment in this region, play a crucial role in shaping the ecosystem's structure and function. Future changes in the suitable distribution range of Caragana species will directly affect the ecological security and sustainable socio-economic development of the Eurasian steppe ecosystem. We used an ensemble modeling approach to predict Caragana shrub-dominated plant communities' current and future distribution in three major steppe subregions: the Black Sea-Kazakhstan steppe, the Tibetan Plateau steppe, and the Central Asian steppe. We assessed the potential risk of Caragana shrub encroachment by predicting changes in the suitable distribution area of 19 Caragana shrub species under future climate changes. Our research findings suggest that the expansion of Caragana species in different subregions of the Eurasian steppe is influenced by the effects of climate change in various ways. The distribution of Caragana species is primarily influenced by precipitation and temperature, and the global human modification (ghm) has a significant impact on the Central Asian and Tibetan Plateau subregions. Minimal changes are expected in the Black Sea-Kazakhstan subregion, a slight increase on the Tibetan Plateau, and a substantial rise in the Central Asian subregion, which suggests a higher potential risk of Caragana species shrub encroachment in that area. Our research provides valuable insights into the response of Caragana shrub encroachment to changing climates and human activities. It also has implications for the sustainable management of different areas of the vast Eurasian steppe ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Tu
- Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jianying Guo
- Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- Inner Mongolia Geological Exploration Institute of China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Yuanjun Zhu
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Zhongjie Shi
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Tuvshintogtokh Indree
- Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia
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133
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Ai X, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ou X, Xia C, Liu L. Climate and land use changes impact the trajectories of ecosystem service bundles in an urban agglomeration: Intricate interaction trends and driver identification under SSP-RCP scenarios. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173828. [PMID: 38857801 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The delivery of ecosystem services (ESs), particularly in urban agglomerations, faces substantial threats from impending future climate change and human activity. Assessing ES bundles (ESBs) is critical to understanding the spatial allocation and interactions between multiple ESs. However, dynamic projections of ESBs under various future scenarios are still lacking, and their underlying driving mechanisms have received insufficient attention. This study examined the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration and proposed a framework that integrates patch-generating land use simulation into three shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios and clustering analysis to assess spatiotemporal variations in seven ESs and ESBs from 1990 to 2050. The spatial trajectories of ESBs were analyzed to identify fluctuating regions susceptible to SSP scenarios. The results indicated that (1) different scenarios exhibited different loss rates of regulating and supporting services, where the mitigation of degradation was most significant under SSP126. The comprehensive ES value was highest under SSP245. (2) Bundles 1 and 2 (dominated by regulating and supporting services) had the largest total proportion under SSP126 (51.92 %). The largest total proportion of Bundles 4 and 5 occurred under SSP585 (48.96 %), with the highest provisioning services. The SSP126 scenario was projected to have the least ESB fluctuation at the grid scale, while the most occurred under SSP585. (3) Notably, synergies between regulating/supporting services were weaker under SSP126 than under either SSP245 or SSP585, while trade-offs between water yield and non-provisioning services were strongest. (4) Forestland and grassland proportions significantly affected carbon sequestration and habitat quality. Climatic factors (precipitation and temperature) acted as the dominant drivers of provisioning services, particularly water yield. Our findings advocate spatial strategies for future regional ES management to address upcoming risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ai
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xi Zheng
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yaru Zhang
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ou
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunbo Xia
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingjun Liu
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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134
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Du J, Wang X, Tao T, Su Y, Zhang X, Shao J, Zhang Y, Yu L, Jin B, Qv W, Cao X, Wang L, Yang Y. Effects of nanoplastic exposure routes on leaf decomposition in streams. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124418. [PMID: 38908673 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) released from plastic products have been demonstrated to pose a threat to leaf litter decomposition in streams. Given the multitrophic systems of species interactions, the effects of PS NPs through different exposure routes on ecosystem functioning remain unclear. Especially dietary exposure, a frequently overlooked pathway leading to toxicity, deserves more attention. A microcosm experiment was conducted in this study to assess the effects of waterborne and dietary exposure to PS NPs on the litter-based food chain involving leaves, microbial decomposers, and detritivores (river snails). Compared to waterborne contamination, dietary contamination resulted in lower microbial enzyme activities and a significantly higher decrease in the lipid content of leaves. For river snails, their antioxidant activity was significantly increased by 20.21%-69.93%, and their leaf consumption rate was significantly reduced by 16.60% through the dietary route due to the lower lipid content of leaves. Besides, the significantly decreased nutritional quality of river snails would negatively influence their palatability to predators. The findings of this study indicate that dietary exposure to PS NPs significantly impacts microbial and detritivore activities, thus affecting their functions in the detritus food chain as well as nutrient cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Du
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xilin Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianying Tao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Su
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Shao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luyao Yu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baodan Jin
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Qv
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Cao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanqin Yang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
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135
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Bai Y, Liu M, Zhou J, Guo Q, Wu G, Li S. Diverse responses of surface biogeophysical parameters to accelerated development and senescence of vegetation on the Mongolian Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173727. [PMID: 38839016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Vegetation dynamics is essential for characterizing surface biogeophysical parameters. Speeds of vegetation development and senescence are well documented, however, the effects of vegetation growth rates on surface parameters during different growth stages remains unclear. By using such methods as trend analyses and correlation analyses, this study examines the variations and interactive relationships of leaf area index (LAI) and surface parameters including Albedo, evapotranspiration (ET), and land surface temperature (LST), derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), during the intra-growing season (April-October, GS) on the Mongolian Plateau (MP). Generally, LAI exhibited a significant upward trend across GS months. Significant changes in VLAI (the difference in LAI between 2 consecutive months) in April-May and September-October indicated that the vegetation change rates were accelerated in the early GS (April-June) and late GS (September-October). The effect of vegetation activity on surface parameters varies over time and space. The effects of VLAI on the speed of surface parameters were inconsistent during the intra-GS. As a result of the significant changes in LAI, VET (the difference in ET between 2 consecutive months) displayed a significant upward trend during the early GS but a significant downward trend during the late GS. With acceleration of vegetation activity, the effects of VET and VAlbedo (the difference in Albedo between 2 consecutive months) on LST could offset each other at different stages of the GS. In addition, the effect of VLAI on the speed of surface parameters varied significantly by vegetation types. Our findings imply that clarifying the impact of vegetation activity on surface parameters at different growth stages can advance our understanding of vegetation responses and feedbacks to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Menghang Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junxiong Zhou
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St Paul 55108, USA
| | - Qun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Genan Wu
- Institute of Spacecraft Application System Engineering, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Shenggong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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136
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Colominas-Ciuró R, Gray FE, Arikan K, Zahn S, Meier C, Criscuolo F, Bize P. Effects of persistent organic pollutants on telomere dynamics are sex and age-specific in a wild long-lived bird. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173785. [PMID: 38851349 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Chemical pollution is a major man-made environmental threat to ecosystems and natural animal populations. Of concern are persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which can persist in the environment for many years. While bioaccumulating throughout the lives of wild animals, POPs can affect their health, reproduction, and survival. However, measuring long-term effects of POPs in wild populations is challenging, and therefore appropriate biomarkers are required in wildlife ecotoxicology. One potential target is telomere length, since telomere preservation has been associated to survival and longevity, and stressors as chemical pollution can disrupt its maintenance. Here, we investigated the effects of different classes of POPs on relative telomere length (RTL) and its rate of change (TROC) in wild long-lived Alpine swifts (Tachymarptis melba). As both RTL and TROC are often reported to differ between sexes and with chronological age, we tested for sex- and age-specific (pre-senescent vs. senescent, ≥ 9 age of years, individuals) effects of POPs. Our results showed that senescent females presented longer RTL and elongated telomeres over time compared to pre-senescent females and males. These sex- and age-related differences in RTL and TROC were influenced by POPs, but differently depending on whether they were organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) or industrial polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). OCPs (particularly drins) were negatively associated with RTL, with the strongest negative effects being found in senescent females. Conversely, PCBs led to slower rates of telomere shortening, especially in females. Our study indicates diametrically opposed effects of OCPs on RTL and PCBs on TROC, and these effects were more pronounced in females and senescent individuals. The mechanisms behind these effects (e.g., increased oxidative stress by OCPs; upregulation of telomerase activity by PCBs) remain unknown. Our results highlight the importance in wildlife ecotoxicology to account for sex- and age-related effects when investigating the health effects of pollutants on biomarkers such as telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kalender Arikan
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Education, Hacettepe University, Turkey
| | - Sandrine Zahn
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Bize
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Switzerland.
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137
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Han X, Pan B, Li D, Liu X, Liu X, Hou Y, Li G. Heterogenization of microplastic communities in lakes of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau driven by tourism and transport activities. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135255. [PMID: 39042989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has a booming tourism industry and an increasingly sophisticated road system. There is a paucity of studies quantifying the contributions of anthropogenic and natural factors to microplastic pollution in remote plateau areas. In this study, water and sediment samples were collected from eight lake tourist attractions and four remote lakes in northern and southern regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Microplastics were detected in all samples, with a mean abundance of 0.78 items/L in water and 44.98 items/kg in sediment. The abundance of microplastics in the study area was lower than previously observed in more populated areas of China. Small-sized (<1 mm and 1-2 mm), fiber, and transparent microplastics were predominant, with polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics as the primary polymer types. The compositions of microplastic communities indicated that tourism and road networks were the major sources of microplastics in the lakes. Distance-decay models revealed greater influence of environmental distances on microplastic community similarity than geographic distance. Compared to climate factors, urban spatial impact intensity and traffic flow impact played a leading role in the structuring of microplastic communities in lake water and sediment. Our findings provide novel quantitative insights into the role of various factors in shaping the distribution patterns of microplastic communities in plateau lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Baozhu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China.
| | - Dianbao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Yiming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
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138
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Escobar-Sierra C, Cañedo-Argüelles M, Vinyoles D, Lampert KP. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of fish physiological response to freshwater salinization: A comparative multi-tissue transcriptomic study in a river polluted by potash mining. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124400. [PMID: 38906407 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater salinization is an escalating global environmental issue that threatens freshwater biodiversity, including fish populations. This study aims to uncover the molecular basis of salinity physiological responses in a non-native minnow species (Phoxinus septimaniae x P. dragarum) exposed to saline effluents from potash mines in the Llobregat River, Barcelona, Spain. Employing high-throughput mRNA sequencing and differential gene expression analyses, brain, gills, and liver tissues collected from fish at two stations (upstream and downstream of saline effluent discharge) were examined. Salinization markedly influenced global gene expression profiles, with the brain exhibiting the most differentially expressed genes, emphasizing its unique sensitivity to salinity fluctuations. Pathway analyses revealed the expected enrichment of ion transport and osmoregulation pathways across all tissues. Furthermore, tissue-specific pathways associated with stress, reproduction, growth, immune responses, methylation, and neurological development were identified in the context of salinization. Rigorous validation of RNA-seq data through quantitative PCR (qPCR) underscored the robustness and consistency of our findings across platforms. This investigation unveils intricate molecular mechanisms steering salinity physiological response in non-native minnows confronting diverse environmental stressors. This comprehensive analysis sheds light on the underlying genetic and physiological mechanisms governing fish physiological response in salinity-stressed environments, offering essential knowledge for the conservation and management of freshwater ecosystems facing salinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Escobar-Sierra
- Institute of Zoology, Universität zu Köln Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Köln, NRW, 50674, Germany.
| | - Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles
- FEHM-Lab, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Vinyoles
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Avda. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Kathrin P Lampert
- Institute of Zoology, Universität zu Köln Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Köln, NRW, 50674, Germany
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139
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Lee FJD, Tseng H, Chang YJ, Tseng CM. Mercury bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in Pacific Saury from the North Pacific Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124420. [PMID: 38909772 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates mercury (Hg) dynamics in Pacific Saury (Cololabis saira) across the North Pacific Ocean, specifically off East Japan in 2018. Saury traits vary with total mercury (THg) concentrations in muscle tissues ranging from 0.017 to 0.082 μg g-1 w. w., averaging of 0.042 (n = 46). A positive correlation between THg and saury length (Knob length, 270-319 mm) indicates increased Hg concentration with size. Stable isotopic tracers suggest Pacific Euphausiids (Krill) are significant contributors to the saury diet (>70% of total). Significant correlations between logarithm THg concentration (Log THg) and δ15N (‰) (R2 = 0.70) demonstrate Hg trophic biomagnification, with regional variations. Comparative analysis between the eastern (ENPO) and western North Pacific Ocean (WNPO) indicates differences, with WNPO saury exhibiting lower δ15N values and higher THg levels than ENPO saury. This suggests that the WNPO, located near East Asia, the world's largest Hg emitter, experiences elevated Hg levels in seawater due to anthropogenic release. Overall, this study advances understanding of Pacific Saury's ecological interactions and Hg bioaccumulations, emphasizing the importance of species-specific behaviors and regional influences in ecological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Tseng
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jay Chang
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Mao Tseng
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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140
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Liu Q, Duan X, Zhang Y, Duan L, Zhang X, Liu F, Li D, Zhang H. Rainfall seasonality shapes microbial assembly and niche characteristics in Yunnan Plateau lakes, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119410. [PMID: 38871273 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms are crucial components of freshwater ecosystems. Understanding the microbial community assembly processes and niche characteristics in freshwater ecosystems, which are poorly understood, is crucial for evaluating microbial ecological roles. The Yunnan Plateau lakes in China represent a freshwater ecosystem that is experiencing eutrophication due to anthropogenic activities. Here, variation in the assembly and niche characteristics of both prokaryotic and microeukaryotic communities was explored in Yunnan Plateau lakes across two seasons (dry season and rainy season) to determine the impacts of rainfall and environmental conditions on the microbial community and niche. The results showed that the environmental heterogeneity of the lakes decreased in the rainy season compared to the dry season. The microbial (bacterial and microeukaryotic) α-diversity significantly decreased during the rainy season. Deterministic processes were found to dominate microbial community assembly in both seasons. β-Diversity decomposition analysis revealed that microbial community compositional dissimilarities were dominated by species replacement processes. The co-occurrence networks indicated reduced species complexity for microbes and a destabilized network for prokaryotes prior to rainfall, while the opposite was found for microeukaryotes following rainfall. Microbial niche breadth decreased significantly in the rainy season. In addition, lower prokaryotic niche overlap, but greater microeukaryotic niche overlap, was observed after rainfall. Rainfall and environmental conditions significantly affected the microbial community assembly and niche characteristics. It can be concluded that rainfall and external pollutant input during the seasonal transition alter the lake environment, thereby regulating the microbial community and niche in these lakes. Our findings offer new insight into microbiota assembly and niche patterns in plateau lakes, further deepening the understanding of freshwater ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Xinlu Duan
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Lizeng Duan
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Fengwen Liu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Donglin Li
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Hucai Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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141
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Quero GM, Guicciardi S, Penna P, Catenacci G, Brandinelli M, Bolognini L, Luna GM. Increasing trends in faecal pollution revealed over a decade in the central Adriatic Sea (Italy). WATER RESEARCH 2024; 262:122083. [PMID: 39067273 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Faecal contamination of the coastal sea poses widespread hazard to human and environmental health and is predicted to rise in response to global change and human pressure. For better management and risk reduction it is thus imperative to clarify and predict trends of faecal pollution over spatial and temporal scales, and to assess links with climate and other variables. Here, we investigated the spatio-temporal variation in the Faecal Indicator Bacteria (FIB) Escherichia coli and enterococci, over a time frame spanning 11 years (2011-2021) along a coastal area covering approximately 40 km and 59 bathing sites in the Marche region (Adriatic Sea, Italy), characterized by intense beach tourism, high riverine inputs, resident population, maritime traffic and industrial activities. Our analysis, that considers 5,183 measurements during the bathing season (April to October), shows that FIB abundance varied significantly among years. A general, although not significant, increase over time of both FIB was observed, mainly due to a general reduction of structural zeros (i.e., zeros originated from the actual absence of the response variable) over the examined time period. FIB abundances displayed their maxima and minima in different years according to the municipality, with overall peaks recorded in different months (May-June or September), whereas the lowest values were always observed in October. FIB levels were not significantly related neither to rainfalls nor to river discharge, but the activation of combined sewer overflows (CSOs), typically occurring after intense rainfall events, appeared as a necessary condition for the high faecal contamination levels. Considering climate change scenarios predicting significant increases in extreme weather events, our findings support the usefulness of analysing long-term trends to identify pollution sources, and the prioritization of control strategies to better manage the release of microbial pollutants from combined sewer overflows in coastal waters to reduce human risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Marina Quero
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Stefano Guicciardi
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Ancona, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Penna
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gian Marco Luna
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy.
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142
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León Ninin JM, Higa Mori A, Pausch J, Planer-Friedrich B. Long-term paddy use influences response of methane production, arsenic mobility and speciation to future higher temperatures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173793. [PMID: 38851333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic microbial metabolisms make flooded paddy soils a major source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) and mobilize toxic arsenic (As), threatening rice production and consumption. Increasing temperatures due to climate change enhance these microbially mediated processes, increasing their related threats. Chronosequence studies show that long-term paddy use ("age") changes soil properties and redox biogeochemistry through soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation, its association to amorphous iron (Fe) phases, and increased microbial activity. Using paddy and non-paddy soils from a chronosequence as proxies of soil development and incubating them at different temperatures, we show that paddy soil age influences the response of paddies to changes in temperature. Older paddies showed up to a 6-fold higher CH4 production with increasing temperature, compared to a 2-fold increase in young ones. Contrarily, changes in As mobility were higher in non-paddies and young paddies due to a lack of Fe-SOC-sorption sites. Temperature increased the formation of phytotoxic methylated As in all paddies, posing a risk for rice production. Mitigation strategies for future maintenance, abandonment, or management of paddy soils should include the consideration that history of use shapes the soils' biogeochemistry and microbiology and can influence the response of paddy soils to future temperature increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M León Ninin
- Environmental Geochemistry, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alejandra Higa Mori
- Environmental Geochemistry, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johanna Pausch
- Agroecology, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Britta Planer-Friedrich
- Environmental Geochemistry, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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143
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Wei J, Zhang Q, Yin Y, Peng K, Wang L, Cai Y, Gong Z. Limited Impacts of Water Diversion on Micro-eukaryotic Community along the Eastern Route of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 262:122109. [PMID: 39096537 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
The Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (ER-SNWDP) represents a crucial initiative aimed at alleviating water scarcity in China's northern region. Understanding the dynamics governing the composition and assembly processes of micro-eukaryotic communities within the canal during different water diversion periods holds paramount significance for the effective management of the ER-SNWDP. Our study systematically tracks the dynamics of the micro-eukaryotic community and its assembly processes along the 1045.4 km of canals and four impounded lakes, totaling 3455 km2, constituting the ER-SNWDP during a complete water diversion cycle, utilizing high-throughput sequencing, bioinformatics tools, and null modeling algorithms. The primary objectives of this study are to elucidate the spatial-temporal succession of micro-eukaryotic communities as the water diversion progresses, to delineate the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes in community assembly, and to identify the pivotal factors driving changes in micro-eukaryotic communities. Our findings indicate notable variations in the composition and diversity of micro-eukaryotic communities within the ER-SNWDP across different water diversion periods and geographic locations (P < 0.05). This variation is influenced by a confluence of temporal and environmental factors, with limited impacts from water diversion. In essence, the assembly of micro-eukaryotic communities within the ER-SNWDP primarily stemmed from heterogeneous selection driven by deterministic processes. Water diversion exhibited a tendency to decrease community beta diversity while augmenting the influence of stochastic processes in community assembly, albeit this effect attenuated over time. Furthermore, our analysis identified several pivotal environmental parameters, notably including nitrite-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, orthophosphate, and water temperature, as exerting significant effects on micro-eukaryotic communities across different water diversion periods. Collectively, our study furnishes the inaugural comprehensive exploration of the dynamics, assembly processes, and influencing factors governing micro-eukaryotic communities within the ER-SNWDP, thus furnishing indispensable insights to inform the water quality management of this important project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wei
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingji Zhang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Peng
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lachun Wang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongjiu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhijun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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144
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Gu J, Yang F, Song X, Yang S, Zhang GL. Edaphic regulation of soil organic carbon fractions in the mattic layer across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173814. [PMID: 38848915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The mattic layer is a main ecological function bearer of alpine meadow soils in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It has high soil organic carbon (SOC) content with a variety of SOC fractions, which are thought to have different sensitivities to climate change. The effects of soil properties and climate on the SOC fractions in the mattic layer are not well understood. To address this, we analyzed the effects of environmental factors on two SOC fractions: particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC). A random forest model (RFM), partial correlation analysis, and structural equation model (SEM) were used to quantify the relative effects of soil and climatic factors on SOC fractions. We found that SOC and its fractions are primarily regulated by soil properties rather than climate. Partial correlation analysis and SEM revealed that climate indirectly affects SOC by influencing soil properties. Silt+Clay and exchangeable calcium (Caex) were found to be the strongest contributing factors of MAOC and POC, respectively. A distinct shift occurs in the mechanism underlying SOC stabilization with varying soil pH. In acidic and neutral environments, amorphous Al/Fe-(hydr) oxides contribute to the stability of MAOC, whereas free Al/Fe-(hydr) oxides promote SOC mineralization. Conversely, Caex positively influences the stabilization of both POC and MAOC throughout the pH range. These results can be extrapolated to predict SOC dynamics in future soil conditions affected by environmental change, especially for use in Earth system models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process of Qinghai Province, School of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 81000, China
| | - XiaoDong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - ShunHua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Gan-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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145
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Wei N, Hu C, Dittmann E, Song L, Gan N. The biological functions of microcystins. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 262:122119. [PMID: 39059200 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Microcystins are potent hepatotoxins predominantly produced by bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacteria (e.g., Microcystis, Planktothrix, Dolichospermum). Microcystin biosynthesis involves large multienzyme complexes and tailoring enzymes encoded by the mcy gene cluster. Mutation, recombination, and deletion events have shaped the mcy gene cluster in the course of evolution, resulting in a large diversity of microcystin congeners and the natural coexistence of toxic and non-toxic strains. The biological functions of microcystins and their association with algal bloom formation have been extensively investigated over the past decades. This review synthesizes recent advances in decoding the biological role of microcystins in carbon/nitrogen metabolism, antioxidation, colony formation, and cell-to-cell communication. Microcystins appear to adopt multifunctional roles in cyanobacteria that reflect the adaptive plasticity of toxic cyanobacteria to changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Wei
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Chenlin Hu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Elke Dittmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Lirong Song
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Nanqin Gan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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146
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Gu S, Wu S, Zeng W, Deng Y, Luo G, Li P, Yang Y, Wang Z, Hu Q, Tan L. High-elevation-induced decrease in soil pH weakens ecosystem multifunctionality by influencing soil microbiomes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119330. [PMID: 38830394 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Plant environmental stress response has become a global research hotspot, yet there is a lack of clear understanding regarding the mechanisms that maintain microbial diversity and their ecosystem services under environmental stress. In our research, we examined the effects of moderate elevation on the rhizosphere soil characteristics, microbial community composition, and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) within agricultural systems. Our findings revealed a notable negative correlation between EMF and elevation, indicating a decline in multifunctionality at higher elevations. Additionally, our analysis across bacterial and protistan communities showed a general decrease in microbial richness with increasing elevation. Using random forest models, pH was identified as the key environmental stressor influencing microbial communities. Furthermore, we found that microbial community diversity is negatively correlated with stability by mediating complexity. Interestingly, while pH was found to affect the complexity within bacterial networks, it did not significantly impact the ecosystem stability along the elevation gradients. Using a Binary-State Speciation and Extinction (BiSSE) model to explore the evolutionary dynamics, we found that Generalists had higher speciation rates and lower extinction rates compared to specialists, resulting in a skewed distribution towards higher net diversification for generalists under increasing environmental stress. Moreover, structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis highlighted a negative correlation between environmental stress and community diversity, but showed a positive correlation between environmental stress and degree of cooperation & competition. These interactions under environmental stress indirectly increased community stability and decreased multifunctionality. Our comprehensive study offers valuable insights into the intricate relationship among environmental factors, microbial communities, and ecosystem functions, especially in the context of varying elevation gradients. These findings contribute significantly to our understanding of how environmental stressors affect microbial diversity and ecosystem services, providing a foundation for future ecological research and management strategies in similar contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Gu
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaolong Wu
- Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weiai Zeng
- Changsha Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Gongwen Luo
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Wenshan Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province, Wenshan, Yunnan, China
| | | | | | - Qiulong Hu
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
| | - Lin Tan
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
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147
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Li F, Sun A, Jiao X, Yu DT, Ren P, Wu BX, He P, Bi L, He JZ, Hu HW. Nitrogenous fertilizer plays a more important role than cultivars in shaping sorghum-associated microbiomes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173831. [PMID: 38866152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The plant microbiome plays a crucial role in facilitating plant growth through enhancing nutrient cycling, acquisition and transport, as well as alleviating stresses induced by nutrient limitations. Despite its significance, the relative importance of common agronomic practices, such as nitrogenous fertilizer, in shaping the plant microbiome across different cultivars remains unclear. This study investigated the dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities in leaf, root, rhizosphere, and bulk soil in response to nitrogenous fertilizer across ten sorghum varieties, using 16S rRNA and ITS gene amplicon sequencing, respectively. Our results revealed that nitrogen addition had a greater impact on sorghum-associated microbial communities compared to cultivar. Nitrogen addition significantly reduced bacterial diversity in all compartments except for the root endophytes. However, N addition significantly increased fungal diversity in both rhizosphere and bulk soils, while significantly reducing fungal diversity in the root endophytes. Furthermore, N addition significantly altered the community composition of bacteria and fungi in all four compartments, while cultivars only affected the community composition of root endosphere bacteria and fungi. Network analysis revealed that fertilization significantly reduced microbial network complexity and increased fungal-related network complexity. Collectively, this study provides empirical evidence that sorghum-associated microbiomes are predominantly shaped by nitrogenous fertilizer rather than by cultivars, suggesting that consistent application of nitrogenous fertilizer will ultimately alter plant-associated microbiomes regardless of cultivar selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Anqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Dan-Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Peixin Ren
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bing-Xue Wu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Bi
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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148
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Ma C, Zhang R, He Z, Su P, Wang L, Yao Y, Zhang X, Liu X, Yang F. Biochar alters the soil fauna functional traits and community diversity: A quantitative and cascading perspective. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135302. [PMID: 39053065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
With the widespread use of biochar, the cascading effects of biochar exposure on soil fauna urgently require deeper understanding. A meta-analysis quantified hierarchical changes in functional traits and community diversity of soil fauna under biochar exposure. Antioxidant enzymes (24.1 %) did not fully mitigate the impact of MDA (13.5 %), leading to excessive DNA damage in soil fauna (21.2 %). Concurrently, reproduction, growth, and survival rates decreased by 20.2 %, 8.5 %, and 21.2 %, respectively. Due to a 39.7 % increase in avoidance behavior of soil fauna towards biochar, species richness ultimately increased by 80.2 %. Compared to other feeding habits, biochar posed a greater threat to the survival of herbivores. Additionally, macrofauna were the most sensitive to biochar. The response of soil fauna also depended on the type, size, concentration, and duration of biochar exposure. It should be emphasized that as exposure concentration increased, the damage to soil fauna became more severe. Furthermore, the smaller the biochar sizes, the greater the damage to soil fauna. To mitigate the adverse effects on soil fauna, this study recommens applying biochar at appropriate times and selecting large sizes in low to medium concentrations. These findings confirm the threat of biochar to soil health from the perspective of soil fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ma
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Runjie Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Zhe He
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Pinjie Su
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Lukai Wang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Yanzhong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Fengshuo Yang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
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149
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Liang W, Chen X, Chen ZL, Zhu P, Huang Z, Li J, Wang Y, Li L, He D. Unraveling the impact of Spartina alterniflora invasion on greenhouse gas production and emissions in coastal saltmarshes: New insights from dissolved organic matter characteristics and surface-porewater interactions. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 262:122120. [PMID: 39083900 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Saltmarshes along the Chinese coast are threatened by the invasion of Spartina alterniflora (S. alterniflora). This study was carried out in the Andong Shoal, Hangzhou Bay, China, with the aim of comprehending the intricate impacts of S. alterniflora invasion on greenhouse gases (GHG) production and emissions. To address this issue, we thoroughly examined the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the rate of surface water-porewater interaction. Porewater and surface water samples were collected from farm land, S. alterniflora invaded areas, and Scirpus mariqueter (S. mariqueter) dominated areas. The findings indicated that the invasion of S. alterniflora impeded the interaction between surface water and porewater, resulting in reduced porewater exchange rates within its affected region (0.015-0.440 cm d-1), in contrast to areas dominated by S. mariqueter (9.635-18.232 cm d-1). The invasion also increased dissolved organic carbon concentration in porewater and created a stable and closed soil environment that resulted in DOM with smaller molecule sizes and higher humification levels. The presence of high tryptophan-like fluorescent DOM caused an increase in the production of methane and carbon dioxide in S. alterniflora invaded area. However, both limited surface-porewater exchange and significant differences in GHG concentrations between porewater and surface water suggested that the aerenchyma tissues of S. alterniflora may play an important role in transporting GHG from soil to the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Liang
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Liang Chen
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Jiangshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ding He
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China.
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150
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Mayombo NAS, Burfeid-Castellanos AM, Vermiert AM, Pimentel IM, Rehsen PM, Dani M, Jasinski C, Spyra MA, Kloster M, Vidaković D, Buchner D, Beszteri B. Functional and compositional responses of stream microphytobenthic communities to multiple stressors increase and release in a mesocosm experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173670. [PMID: 38838995 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Field observations form the basis of the majority of studies on microphytobenthic algal communities in freshwater ecosystems. Controlled mesocosm experiments data are comparatively uncommon. The few experimental mesocosm studies that have been conducted provide valuable insights into how multiple stressors affect the community structures and photosynthesis-related traits of benthic microalgae. The recovery process after the stressors have subsided, however, has received less attention in mesocosm studies. To close this gap, here we present the results of a riparian mesocosm experiment designed to investigate the effects of reduced flow velocity, increased salinity and increased temperature on microphytobenthic communities. We used a full factorial design with a semi-randomised distribution of treatments consisting of two levels of each stressor (2 × 2 × 2 treatments), with eight replicates making a total of 64 circular mesocosms, allowing a nuanced examination of their individual and combined influences. We aimed to elucidate the responses of microalgae communities seeded from stream water to the applied environmental stressors. Our results showed significant effects of reduced flow velocity and increased temperature on microphytobenthic communities. Recovery after stressor treatment led to a convergence in community composition, with priority effects (hypothesized to reflect competition for substrate between resident and newly arriving immigrant taxa) slowing down community shifts and biomass increase. Our study contributes to the growing body of literature on the ecological dynamics of microphytobenthos and emphasises the importance of rigorous experiments to validate hypotheses. These results encourage further investigation into the nuanced interactions between microphytobenthos and their environment and shed light on the complexity of ecological responses in benthic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna-Maria Vermiert
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Iris Madge Pimentel
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp M Rehsen
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mimoza Dani
- Phycology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christina Jasinski
- Phycology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Kloster
- Phycology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Danijela Vidaković
- Phycology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dominik Buchner
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bánk Beszteri
- Phycology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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