101
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Tang Q, Wang R, Niu H, Li Y, Li Y, Hu Z, Liu X, Tao Y. Mapping network connection and direction among symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic gastritis. Psych J 2024; 13:824-834. [PMID: 38616130 PMCID: PMC11444727 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Regarding neurophysiological and developmental findings, anxiety and depression are usual comorbidities of gastritis patients. However, research related to anxiety and depression among chronic gastritis patients was conducted on the disease level while ignoring symptoms. Hence, we rendered the network approach to reveal the symptoms of anxiety and depression among chronic gastritis patients. Three hundred and sixty-nine chronic gastritis patients (female = 139, Mage = 55.87 years) were asked to complete the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale. Three symptom networks and one directed acyclic graph (DAG) network were formed. First, in the anxiety network of chronic gastritis patients, dizziness was the most influential symptom. In the depression network of chronic gastritis patients, depressed affect and psychomotor retardation were the influential symptoms. Second, panic, easy fatiguability, weakness, palpitation, depressed affect, tachycardia, fatigue, and psychomotor agitation bridged the anxiety-depression network of chronic gastritis patients. Third, DAG networks showed that anxiousness and hopelessness could trigger other symptoms in the anxiety-depression networks of chronic gastritis patients. The current study provided insightful information on patients with chronic gastritis by examining the structures of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Tang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Haiqun Niu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifang Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zichao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangping Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiang Tao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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102
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Hu D, Guo X, Zheng H, Yan C, Lui SSY, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chan RCK. Empathic accuracy in individuals with schizotypal personality traits. Psych J 2024; 13:813-823. [PMID: 38530878 PMCID: PMC11444733 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Empirical research using the Empathic Accuracy Task (EAT) has suggested that schizophrenia patients and people with schizotypal personality disorder exhibit lower empathic accuracy than healthy people. However, empathic accuracy in a subclinical sample with high levels of schizotypy has seldom been studied. Our study aimed to investigate empathy in a subclinical sample using the Chinese version of the EAT and a self-report empathy measure. Forty participants with high levels of schizotypy (HS participants) and 40 with low levels of schizotypy (LS participants), as measured by the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), were recruited. All participants completed the Chinese version of the EAT and the self-report Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy. Empathic accuracy (EA) scores and the intra-individual variability of EA scores were calculated. Independent samples t tests and Pearson correlation analyses were performed to examine group differences in empathy and the relationship between empathy and schizotypy respectively. HS participants exhibited reduced EA for both positive and negative videos, and larger intra-individual variability of EA for negative videos than LS participants. However, HS and LS participants did not differ in self-report cognitive empathy. Moreover, the interpersonal dimension of the SPQ was negatively correlated with EAT performance and self-report cognitive empathy in LS participants. Individuals with HS show poorer performance-based EA but relatively intact self-report cognitive empathy. This study provides empirical evidence for the ontogeny of empathy deficits in subclinical populations at risk of developing schizophrenia, supporting early interventions for social cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding‐ding Hu
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiao‐dong Guo
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong Zheng
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOES & STCSM), School of Psychology and Cognitive ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Simon S. Y. Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical MedicineThe University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionHong KongChina
| | - Yan‐yu Wang
- School of PsychologyWeifang Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Raymond C. K. Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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103
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Atoui S, Bernard P, Carli F, Liberman AS. Association Between Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, and Sleep-Related Outcomes Among Cancer Survivors: a Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Behav Med 2024; 31:741-752. [PMID: 37656309 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research has examined the association between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep-related outcomes in cancer survivors. Therefore, this study aimed to examine these associations using a nationally representative sample of US adults. METHODS Data from the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. A total of 3229 adults with cancer histories were included. Physical activity was measured through accelerometry, and questions on daily activities, sedentary time, and sleep were collected during the household interview. Weighted multivariable analyses were conducted after accounting for the complex sampling design of the NHANES dataset. RESULTS After adjustments, physical activity and SB outcomes were associated with several self-reported sleep-related parameters. Increases in minutes of self-reported MVPA and SB were associated with a decreased likelihood of reporting ≥ 8 h of sleep (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86, 0.99 and OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82, 0.95). Converse associations were found between device-measured MVPA and SB with the likelihood of reporting often/always feeling overly sleepy during the day (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75 and OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.05, respectively). However, an increased likelihood of waking up too early in the morning (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.04) was observed with increases in minutes of device-measured MVPA. CONCLUSIONS A sensible strategy to decrease the frequency of sedentary breaks and increase minutes of physical activity throughout the day may reduce sleep complaints reported in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Atoui
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave, Room L10.106, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Paquito Bernard
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, 141, Avenue du Président Kennedy, Montreal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada
- Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health in Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francesco Carli
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave, Room E10.160, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - A Sender Liberman
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave, Room L10.106, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.
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104
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Lei L, Lai CSW, Lee TMC, Lam CLM. The effect of transcranial direct current and magnetic stimulation on fear extinction and return of fear: A meta-analysis and systematic review. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:263-286. [PMID: 38908557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a meta-analysis and qualitative review on the randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation on fear extinction and the return of fear in non-primate animals and humans. METHODS The meta-analysis was conducted by searching PubMed, Web of science, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library and extracting fear response in the active and sham groups in the randomized controlled trials. The pooled effect size was quantified by Hedges' g using a three-level meta-analytic model in R. RESULTS We identified 18 articles on the tDCS effect and 5 articles on the TMS effect, with 466 animal subjects and 621 human subjects. Our findings show that tDCS of the prefrontal cortex significantly inhibit fear retrieval in animal models (Hedges' g = -0.50). In human studies, TMS targeting the dorsolateral/ventromedial prefrontal cortex has an inhibiting effect on the return of fear (Hedges' g = -0.24). LIMITATIONS The limited number of studies and the heterogeneous designs of the selected studies made cross-study and cross-species comparison difficult. CONCLUSIONS Our findings shed light on the optimal non-invasive brain stimulation protocols for targeting the neural circuitry of threat extinction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Lei
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Clinical Psychology and Affective Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cora S W Lai
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tatia M C Lee
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charlene L M Lam
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Clinical Psychology and Affective Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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105
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Chan CC, Faherty C, Rahman N, Murrough JW, Benn EKT, Clark U, Mohamed N, DePierro JM, Ripp JA, Peccoralo LA. Suicidal ideation among non-physician hospital system staff: Prevalence and workplace correlates. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:638-644. [PMID: 39029665 PMCID: PMC11325446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that healthcare workers are at greater risk for suicide than other occupations, but most published studies focus on physicians. This study examines the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) and associated occupational factors among a broad group of non-physician healthcare staff. METHODS An anonymous online survey was sent to a random sample of 30 % of non-physician healthcare staff at a large urban healthcare system between September and November 2022. Weighted multivariable binary logistic regressions were conducted to determine the workplace and mental health factors associated with SI. RESULTS The 1084 respondents included nurses, administrative staff, research staff, medical assistants, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and other roles. Of the sample, 8.8 % endorsed having SI over the prior two weeks. Results of the regression indicated that, after adjusting for demographic factors, greater odds of SI were associated with physical violence experienced from a patient or visitor (odds ratio [OR] = 2.15, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-4.37), lower perceived leadership support (OR = 0.95, 95 % CI = 0.92-0.98), and positive screening for depression (OR = 4.66, 95 % CI = 2.45-8.86). Exploratory analysis suggests that depression may be a mediating factor between workplace stressors and SI. LIMITATIONS Limitations include the response rate, the use of a single item to assess SI, and the cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that workplace violence and leadership support are important occupational factors associated with SI among healthcare workers. Reducing and mitigating workplace violence, enhancing leadership support, and improving access to mental health care should be considered targets for interventions to decrease suicide risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi C Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America; James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Office of Well-being and Resilience, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, United States of America.
| | - Cara Faherty
- Office of Well-being and Resilience, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Nimra Rahman
- Office of Well-being and Resilience, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, United States of America; The City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - James W Murrough
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America; Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Emma K T Benn
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America; Center for Scientific Diversity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Uraina Clark
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America; Center for Scientific Diversity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Nihal Mohamed
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America; Center for Scientific Diversity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America; Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M DePierro
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A Ripp
- Office of Well-being and Resilience, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lauren A Peccoralo
- Office of Well-being and Resilience, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
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106
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Tang WC, Tseng HY, Lin MP, Lee YT, Wu JYW, Cheng LH, You J. Depression fully mediates the effects of problematic internet use on nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 178:236-242. [PMID: 39163662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic threatened adolescents' mental health and livelihoods, which can worsen their non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors. With the significant increase of total online time use, adolescents become more prone to problematic internet use (PIU). This study examined whether depression mediated the relationship between PIU and NSSI among adolescence during the COVID-19 outbreak. Constructed with a cross-sectional design during the COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan, 1060 participants were drawn from junior high schools through stratified and cluster sampling, and completed a set of comprehensive surveys. The mediation model demonstrated a good fit to the data, GFI = .96, CFI = .97, NFI = .97, NNFI = .95, IFI = .97, and SRMR = .02. The overall fit of the mediational model was adequate. The path from PIU to depression, β = .41, p < .001, and the path from depression to NSSI, β = .40, p < .001, were both significant. Moreover, the effect of PIU to NSSI decreased from .23 (p < .001) to .05 (p = .099) when depression was incorporated into the analysis. Moreover, results in bootstrapping analysis displayed that the indirect effect (PIU on NSSI via depression) was statistically significant (p < .001) and the direct effect (PIU on NSSI) was statistically non-significant (p = .134). The full mediation model was confirmed. The findings of the structure equation modeling and bootstrap analysis showed that PIU significantly and positively predicted NSSI, and that depression fully mediated this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Tang
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, No.162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Tseng
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, No.162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Min-Pei Lin
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, No.162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Ting Lee
- Department of Counseling and Guidance, National University of Tainan, No.33, Sec. 2, Shu-Lin St., Tainan, 700, Taiwan
| | - Jo Yung-Wei Wu
- Good-Day Psychology Clinic, 5F., No. 167, Xialin Rd., South District, Tainan City, 702, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, No.162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Jianing You
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
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107
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Kim HK, Kaduri P, Buckley L, Tang VM, Beyraghi N. Factors associated with presentation to the emergency department during an intensive post-discharge intervention in patients with substance use disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 178:278-282. [PMID: 39173452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) with a higher risk of emergency department (ED) presentations after being discharged can be useful. We performed a chart review of patients from the Intensive Recovery Discharge Team (IRDT) program, which provides two weeks of outpatient support for patients with SUDs discharged from a mental health hospital. METHOD Demographic, service utilization, and clinical data from 716 patients enrolled in IRDT from February 2021-February 2023 were extracted from electronic health records. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with increased ED presentations during the two weeks of IRDT follow-up with five-fold cross validation. RESULTS In two years, 10.7% of IRDT patients presented to the ED during the 2 weeks of follow-up. Having been enrolled in IRDT more than once, not having opioid use disorder (OUD), and self-identifying as male was associated with ED presentations, where an average of 20.1% of patients with all three risk factors presented to the ED. The presence of comorbid mental disorders did not emerge as a significant predictor. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that patients who had previous inpatient admissions, a SUD other than OUD, and/or self-identify as male have a higher risk of presenting to the ED post-discharge and may benefit from more intensive follow-up. Larger studies involving multiple sites are required to validate the generalizability of our findings. Findings from our study can be used to guide future studies examining post-discharge programs in patients with SUDs with and without comorbid mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena K Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela Kaduri
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leslie Buckley
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victor M Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Narges Beyraghi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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108
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Prati G, Mancini AD. Trajectories of depressive symptoms and subjective well-being before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: Two six-year longitudinal studies. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 178:322-330. [PMID: 39191202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Previous research investigated the trajectories of mental health and well-being during and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, less is known about the trajectories of mental health and well-being before, during, and two years after the onset of the pandemic. The aim of the current study was to investigate the trajectory of depression symptoms and subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction and positive and negative affect) trajectories over six time points (2017-2022), three before the pandemic and three after the onset of the pandemic. To increase the robustness of our overall conclusions and avoid reliance on data from only one country, we used data from two nationwide representative longitudinal surveys conducted in Germany (GESIS Panel study; N = 5184) and Switzerland (Swiss Household Panel study; N = 17,074). Using covariance pattern mixture models, the results revealed that a four-class model best fit the data. The Stable/resilient trajectory was the most common across outcomes (74.2%-90.1% of participants). Three additional trajectories of Chronic/Low, Upright U-shaped, and Inverted U-shaped emerged in the analysis of negative affect and depression symptoms, while distinct trajectory classes of Worsening, Improving/Stable, and Upright U-shaped also emerged for analyses of positive affect and life satisfaction shaped. In conclusion, there was no evidence of a long-term impact of the pandemic for the vast majority of participants (about 90%). For the remaining participants, the COVID-19 pandemic (along with its exceptional circumstances) was a turning point or a catalyst that reversed, accelerated, or flattened a pre-pandemic trend. These changes in trends were not only negative (e.g., greater depression symptoms), but also positive (e.g., less depression symptoms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Prati
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy), Piazza Aldo Moro, 90, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy.
| | - Anthony D Mancini
- Department of Psychology, Pace University, Marks Hall, Rm 33, 861 Bedford Road, Pleasantville, NY, 10570, USA
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109
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Chuku CC, Silva MF, Lee JS, Reid R, Lazarus K, Carrico AW, Dale SK. A network analysis of positive psychosocial factors and indication of suboptimal HIV care outcomes among Black women living with HIV. AIDS Care 2024; 36:1410-1423. [PMID: 38958126 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2024.2372714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Black women living with HIV (BWLWH) face barriers that impact health outcomes. However, positive psychosocial indicators may influence HIV care outcomes. Among this cross-sectional study of 119 BWLWH, a network analysis was utilized to examine relationships between positive psychosocial factors and HIV-related health outcomes. A preliminary polychoric analysis was conducted to examine correlations between the variables, and the network analyzed connections between resilience, self-efficacy, self-esteem, perceived social support, religious coping, post-traumatic growth, and an indicator variable for suboptimal HIV care outcomes (low medication adherence, detectable viral load, and missed HIV-related health visits) and determined the centrality measures within the network. Seven significant associations were found among the factors: self-efficacy and self-esteem, post-traumatic growth and resilience, post-traumatic growth and self-efficacy, post-traumatic growth and religious coping, perceived social support and resilience, self-esteem and resilience, self-esteem and perceived social support (bootstrapped 95% CI did not contain zero). Self-efficacy was the strongest indicator associated with the other factors. Although not statistically significant, the indicator for suboptimal HIV care outcomes was negatively associated with perceived social support and religious coping. Future interventions incorporating self-efficacy may be beneficial to the overall well-being of Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Christle Chuku
- Department of Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maria F Silva
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Jasper S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Behavioral Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachelle Reid
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Kimberly Lazarus
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Adam W Carrico
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sannisha K Dale
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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110
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Kaufmann E, Reips UD. Meta-analysis in a digitalized world: A step-by-step primer. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:1-21. [PMID: 38575774 PMCID: PMC11362208 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, much research and many data sources have become digital. Some advantages of digital or Internet-based research, compared to traditional lab research (e.g., comprehensive data collection and storage, availability of data) are ideal for an improved meta-analyses approach.In the meantime, in meta-analyses research, different types of meta-analyses have been developed to provide research syntheses with accurate quantitative estimations. Due to its rich and unique palette of corrections, we recommend to using the Schmidt and Hunter approach for meta-analyses in a digitalized world. Our primer shows in a step-by-step fashion how to conduct a high quality meta-analysis considering digital data and highlights the most obvious pitfalls (e.g., using only a bare-bones meta-analysis, no data comparison) not only in aggregation of the data, but also in the literature search and coding procedure which are essential steps in any meta-analysis. Thus, this primer of meta-analyses is especially suited for a situation where much of future research is headed to: digital research. To map Internet-based research and to reveal any research gap, we further synthesize meta-analyses on Internet-based research (15 articles containing 24 different meta-analyses, on 745 studies, with 1,601 effect sizes), resulting in the first mega meta-analysis of the field. We found a lack of individual participant data (e.g., age and nationality). Hence, we provide a primer for high-quality meta-analyses and mega meta-analyses that applies to much of coming research and also basic hands-on knowledge to conduct or judge the quality of a meta-analyses in a digitalized world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Kaufmann
- Research Methods, Assessment, and iScience, Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Ulf-Dietrich Reips
- Research Methods, Assessment, and iScience, Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Kutscher T, Eid M. Psychometric benefits of self-chosen rating scales over given rating scales. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7440-7464. [PMID: 38710987 PMCID: PMC11362426 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02429-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Rating scales are susceptible to response styles that undermine the scale quality. Optimizing a rating scale can tailor it to individuals' cognitive abilities, thereby preventing the occurrence of response styles related to a suboptimal response format. However, the discrimination ability of individuals in a sample may vary, suggesting that different rating scales may be appropriate for different individuals. This study aims to examine (1) whether response styles can be avoided when individuals are allowed to choose a rating scale and (2) whether the psychometric properties of self-chosen rating scales improve compared to given rating scales. To address these objectives, data from the flourishing scale were used as an illustrative example. MTurk workers from Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform (N = 7042) completed an eight-item flourishing scale twice: (1) using a randomly assigned four-, six-, or 11-point rating scale, and (2) using a self-chosen rating scale. Applying the restrictive mixed generalized partial credit model (rmGPCM) allowed examination of category use across the conditions. Correlations with external variables were calculated to assess the effects of the rating scales on criterion validity. The results revealed consistent use of self-chosen rating scales, with approximately equal proportions of the three response styles. Ordinary response behavior was observed in 55-58% of individuals, which was an increase of 12-15% compared to assigned rating scales. The self-chosen rating scales also exhibited superior psychometric properties. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kutscher
- Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Department Research Data Center, Methods Development | Scaling and Test Design, Wilhelmsplatz 3, 96047, Bamberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Eid
- Department of Psychology, Division of Methods and Evaluation, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Chen Y, Chu Y, van Rossum PSN, Grassberger C, Lin SH, Mohan R, Hobbs BP. Radiation-Induced Lymphopenia is a Causal Mediator of Survival After Chemoradiation Therapy for Esophagus Cancer. Adv Radiat Oncol 2024; 9:101579. [PMID: 39258141 PMCID: PMC11382310 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2024.101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) is common during chemoradiation therapy. Severe lymphopenia is associated with reduced survival. Proton beam therapy (PBT), with its substantially more compact dose distributions, spares circulating lymphocytes and immune organs at risk to a greater extent than photon therapy. Recent studies comparing PBT to photon radiation therapy, specifically intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for esophageal cancer (EC), showed that the incidence of grade 4 RIL (G4RIL) is significantly reduced among patients receiving PBT for EC. However, whether the extent of this reduction has a direct causative link with improved survival is unknown. This study applies causal mediation analysis to answer this question. Methods and Materials We retrospectively assessed 734 patients treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy for biopsy-proven EC from 2004 to 2017. To address the potential for bias in the choice of radiation modality, propensity score analysis was used to evaluate and reduce imbalances between the PBT and IMRT cohorts. Causal mediation analysis was applied to decompose the total effect of radiation modality on overall survival (OS) into indirect (mediated through G4RIL) and direct effects. Results We found that PBT was associated with a significantly lower incidence of G4RIL and prolonged OS compared with IMRT (odds ratio, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.28-0.60; P < .001). In the propensity-matched cohort of 506 patients (253 PBT, 253 IMRT), G4RIL risk reduction with PBT versus IMRT translated into a 5% reduction in the relative rate of death (P = .032). Mediation of G4RIL explained ∼14.5% of the difference in OS. Conclusions G4RIL was found to mediate survival; however, a statistically significant direct effect of PBT on survival was not observed. In other words, the statistical significance of survival benefit from protons over photons in this EC cohort was lost in the absence of G4RIL risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yan Chu
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter S N van Rossum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens Grassberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Radhe Mohan
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian P Hobbs
- Department of Population Health, The University of Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas
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Goules AV, Chatzis L, Pezoulas VC, Patsouras M, Mavragani C, Quartuccio L, Baldini C, De Vita S, Fotiadis DI, Tzioufas AG. Identification and evolution of predictors of Sjögren's disease-associated mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma development over time: a case-control study. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2024; 6:e693-e702. [PMID: 39182505 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(24)00183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-Hodgkin lymphomas have a substantial impact on individuals with Sjögren's disease. This study focuses on mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas, which constitute the majority of Sjögren's disease-associated non-Hodgkin lymphomas. We aimed to identify reliable lymphoma predictors in patients with Sjögren's disease and study their progression over time. METHODS In this case-control study, patients diagnosed with Sjögren's disease-associated MALT lymphoma, with a minimum of 3 years between Sjögren's disease diagnosis and MALT lymphoma diagnosis, were included from three centres specialising in Sjögren's disease (University of Athens, Athens, Greece; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and University of Udine, Udine, Italy) and matched 1:1 with control participants with Sjögren's disease who did not have lymphoma according to age, sex, disease duration at last follow up, and treatment modality. Three harmonised datasets were constructed, curated, and analysed to identify MALT lymphoma predictors, representing three distinct timepoints in lymphomagenesis progression: V1 at Sjögren's disease diagnosis, V2 3-4 years before lymphoma diagnosis, and V3 0·5-1·5 years before lymphoma diagnosis. All recruited patients fulfilled the 2016 American College of Rheumatology-European League Against Rheumatism criteria for Sjögren's disease. The primary outcome was to identify MALT lymphoma predictors in Sjögren's disease, present at the timepoint of Sjögren's disease diagnosis and 3-4 years before the diagnosis of MALT lymphoma. A fast correlation-based feature selection and logistic regression model was used at V1 and V2 to identify MALT lymphoma predictors. The progression of potential predictors was studied across V1, V2, and V3. Histological parameters were not included in the analysis. An individual with lived experience of Sjögren's disease was involved in the study design. FINDINGS 80 patients with Sjögren's disease-associated MALT lymphoma were included in the V1 dataset, 68 in the V2 dataset, and 80 in the V3 dataset, and matched to control participants with Sjögren's disease who did not have lymphoma. In both groups, 72 (90%) of 80 participants were women and eight (10%) were men. The mean age at Sjögren's disease diagnosis was 48·6 years (SD 11·6) in the lymphoma group and 48·7 years (11·5) in the control group. All patients were White, with 88 (55%) of 160 individuals of Greek nationality and 72 (45%) of Italian nationality. At the V1 timepoint, rheumatoid factor was the only independent lymphoma predictor (odds ratio 3·33 [95% CI 1·96-5·64]). At the V2 timepoint, rheumatoid factor (3·66 [95% CI 2·08-6·42]) and European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index ≥5 (3·88 [1·69-8·90]) were identified as independent lymphoma risk factors. The high disease activity during the transition from the V1 to V2 timepoint was attributed to specific B-cell-derived manifestations, including cryoglobulinaemia and glandular, cutaneous, and hematological manifestations. INTERPRETATION Following up patients with high-risk of Sjögren's disease-associated MALT lymphoma based on the temporal progression of predictors presents an opportunity for early diagnosis and potential therapeutic interventions. Rheumatoid factor was the earliest and most persistent independent predictor of lymphoma. Specific B-cell manifestations in combination with rheumatoid factor indicate a more advanced stage of the lymphomagenesis process. FUNDING European Commission-Horizon 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas V Goules
- Department of Pathophysiology, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Research Institute for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Athens, Greece.
| | - Loukas Chatzis
- Department of Pathophysiology, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Research Institute for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilis C Pezoulas
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Markos Patsouras
- Department of Pathophysiology, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Clio Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Luca Quartuccio
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Chiara Baldini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Vita
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Dimitrios I Fotiadis
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Tzioufas
- Research Institute for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Fritze S, Brandt GA, Volkmer S, Daub J, Krayem M, Kukovic J, Schwarz E, Braun U, Northoff G, Wolf RC, Kubera KM, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Hirjak D. Deciphering the interplay between psychopathological symptoms, sensorimotor, cognitive and global functioning: a transdiagnostic network analysis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:1625-1637. [PMID: 38509230 PMCID: PMC11422259 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the relationship between psychopathology and major domains of human neurobehavioral functioning may identify new transdiagnostic treatment targets. However, studies examining the interrelationship between psychopathological symptoms, sensorimotor, cognitive, and global functioning in a transdiagnostic sample are lacking. We hypothesized a close relationship between sensorimotor and cognitive functioning in a transdiagnostic patient sample. METHODS We applied network analysis and community detection methods to examine the interplay and centrality [expected influence (EI) and strength] between psychopathological symptoms, sensorimotor, cognitive, and global functioning in a transdiagnostic sample consisting of 174 schizophrenia spectrum (SSD) and 38 mood disorder (MOD) patients. All patients (n = 212) were examined with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Heidelberg Neurological Soft Signs Scale (NSS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), and the Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool for Schizophrenia consisted of trail making test B (TMT-B), category fluency (CF) and digit symbol substitution test (DSST). RESULTS NSS showed closer connections with TMT-B, CF, and DSST than with GAF and PANSS. DSST, PANSS general, and NSS motor coordination scores showed the highest EI. Sensory integration, DSST, and CF showed the highest strength. CONCLUSIONS The close connection between sensorimotor and cognitive impairment as well as the high centrality of sensorimotor symptoms suggests that both domains share aspects of SSD and MOD pathophysiology. But, because the majority of the study population was diagnosed with SSD, the question as to whether sensorimotor symptoms are really a transdiagnostic therapeutic target needs to be examined in future studies including more balanced diagnostic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Fritze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Geva A Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sebastian Volkmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jonas Daub
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maria Krayem
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Kukovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Emanuel Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim/Ulm, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Urs Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim/Ulm, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Christian Wolf
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina M Kubera
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim/Ulm, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
- German Centre for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim/Ulm, Mannheim, Germany.
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Mojtabai R, Susukida R, Farokhnia M, Nguyen TQ, Dunn KE, Amin-Esmaeili M. Trajectories of craving in the course of pharmacotherapy trials for methamphetamine use disorder. Addiction 2024; 119:1803-1812. [PMID: 38984671 DOI: 10.1111/add.16610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to measure trajectories of craving for methamphetamine during the course of pharmacotherapy trials for methamphetamine use disorder. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Craving trajectories were identified using Group-Based Trajectory Modeling. The association of craving trajectories with drug use trajectories was examined using a dual trajectory model. Association of craving trajectories with other health and social outcomes was also examined. The study used pooled data from five randomized controlled pharmacotherapy trials for methamphetamine use disorder. A total of 866 adults with methamphetamine use disorder participated in randomized controlled pharmacotherapy trials. MEASUREMENT Craving was assessed weekly using the Brief Substance Craving Scale. Drug use was assessed using urine toxicology. Alcohol- and drug-related problems, as well as psychiatric, medical, legal, employment and relationship problems, were measured using the Addiction Severity Index. FINDINGS A three-trajectory model with high, medium and low craving trajectories was selected as the most parsimonious model. Craving trajectories were associated with methamphetamine use trajectories in the course of trial; 88.4% of those in the high craving trajectory group had a consistently high frequency of methamphetamine use compared with 18.7% of those in the low craving group. High craving was also associated with less improvement in most other outcomes and higher rate of dropout from treatment. In turn, low craving was associated with a rapidly decreasing frequency of methamphetamine use, greater improvement in most other outcomes and a lower rate of dropout. Participants on modafinil daily and ondansetron 1 mg twice daily were less likely to be in the high craving group compared with those on placebo. CONCLUSIONS Trajectories of methamphetamine craving in the course of clinical trials for methamphetamine use disorder appear to be both highly variable and strongly associated with greater frequency of drug use, other drug-related outcomes and dropout from trials. Two medications, modafinil daily and ondansetron at a dose of 1 mg two times daily, appear to be associated with greater reduction in craving in the course of treatment compared with placebo. A decrease in methamphetamine craving shows promise as an early indicator of recovery from methamphetamine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Mojtabai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ryoko Susukida
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Trang Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelly E Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zacchi A, Bandoli F, Accorsi PA, Marliani G. Enclosure design and welfare of plains zebras: Impact of enclosure design on behavior and space use of plains zebras under human care. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2024; 27:779-795. [PMID: 39169660 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2024.2393132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Plains zebras are commonly hosted in zoos, but few welfare-related studies are available in the literature. This research aimed to assess the effect of enclosure design on two groups of captive zebras housed at the Giardino Zoologico di Pistoia - GZP (Italy) and Parco Faunistico Valcorba - PFV (Italy) through the analysis of behavior and enclosure use. The groups consisted of an adult pair and a male juvenile at GZP and six adult females at PFV. We collected data in 2019 over 19 sampling days using the continuous focal animal sampling technique. We performed 12 observation sessions per day, with each session lasting 30 min. We analyzed the subjects' behavioral time budget and enclosure use using Generalized Linear Mixed Models and the Electivity Index. The results showed that the time allocated to feeding behavior varied from 8-16% in the enclosure with gravel substrate (GZP) to 72-85% in the exhibit enriched with a pasture (PFV), with this last percentage resembling data reported for wild zebras. Results showed that institution was a significant predictor of feeding behavior, suggesting that the presence of a pasture can stimulate food-related behavioral patterns. Regarding enclosure use, the presence of hay and water troughs influenced the animals' space use. Our findings also suggest that evaluating both behavior and enclosure use can provide a more comprehensive overview of the welfare state of the animals. However, future studies are needed to better investigate the influence of social factors on the behavior and enclosure usage of captive Plains zebras.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pier Attilio Accorsi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marliani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
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Boutelle KN, Manzano MA, Pasquale EK, Bernard RS, Strong DR, Rhee KE, Eichen DM, Engel S, Miller A, Peterson CB. Design of the FRESH-teen study: A randomized controlled trial evaluating an adapted emotion regulation weight loss program for adolescents with overweight or obesity and their parent. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 145:107640. [PMID: 39079614 PMCID: PMC11412776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity affect >40% of adolescents. Family-based behavioral treatment (FBT) is the most efficacious behavioral treatment for weight management among youth and consists of nutrition and physical activity education, behavior change skills, and parent skills training. However, the efficacy of FBT decreases for youth as they get older. Increased emotional lability and limited emotion regulation skills may contribute to the reduced efficacy of FBT for adolescents. To date, there are no treatments for overweight or obesity specifically adapted for the needs of adolescents. We developed a treatment that integrates components from Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Emotion Focused Therapy with FBT (FBT+ER or FBT-ER) to address the specific needs of adolescents. The current study randomized 166 adolescents (BMI = 32.8; 14.3 years; 57% female; 32% Hispanic, 50% Non-Hispanic White, 18% Non-Hispanic and Non-White) and one of their parents (BMI = 32.9; 45.3 years; 85% female; 27% Hispanic, 57% Non-Hispanic White, 16% Non-Hispanic and Non-White) to 6 months of either standard FBT or FBT+ at 2 sites. Assessments were conducted at baseline, mid-treatment (month 3), post-treatment (month 6), 6-month follow-up (month 12) and 12-month follow-up (month 18). Primary outcomes are adolescent weight (BMIz/%BMIp95), emotion regulation skills, and emotional eating behaviors. Given the public health concern of adolescent obesity, FBT+ could prove extremely useful to provide more targeted and effective intervention for adolescents with overweight or obesity. CLINICAL TRIALS: # NCT03674944.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri N Boutelle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Michael A Manzano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Ellen K Pasquale
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Rebecca S Bernard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David R Strong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kyung E Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dawn M Eichen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Scott Engel
- Sanford Research, 120 S. 8(th) St., Fargo, ND 58103, USA
| | - Alec Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1 North Broadway Room: 704, White Plains, NY 10601, USA
| | - Carol B Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, F282/2A West 2450 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
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Lee J, Lee D, Ihm H, Kang HS, Yu H, Yoon J, Jang Y, Kim Y, Lee CW, Lee H, Baek JH, Ha TH, Park J, Myung W. Network structure of symptomatology of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in patients with mood disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:1661-1670. [PMID: 38055014 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with mood disorders commonly manifest comorbid psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, few studies have evaluated ADHD symptoms in this population. The current study aimed to explore the network structure of ADHD symptomology and identify central symptoms in patients with mood disorders. The Korean version of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale was used to assess the overall ADHD symptoms in 1,086 individuals diagnosed with mood disorders (major depressive disorder [n = 373], bipolar I disorder [n = 314], and bipolar II disorder [n = 399]). We used exploratory graph analysis to detect the number of communities, and the network structure was analyzed using regularized partial correlation models. We identified the central ADHD symptom using centrality indices. Network comparison tests were conducted with different subgroups of patients with mood disorders, including three mood diagnosis groups, between the patients who met the diagnostic criteria for ADHD [ADHD-suspected, n = 259] in their self-report and the others [ADHD-non-suspected, n = 827], and groups with high [n = 503] versus low [n = 252] levels of depressive state. The network analysis detected four communities: disorganization, agitation/restlessness, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and inattention. The centrality indices indicated that "feeling restless" was the core ADHD symptom. The result was replicated in the subgroup analyses within our clinically diverse population of mood disorders, encompassing three presentations: Patients with suspected ADHD, patients without suspected ADHD, and patients with a high depressive state. Our findings reveal that "feeling restless" is the central ADHD symptom. The treatment intervention for "feeling restless" may thus play a pivotal role in tackling ADHD symptoms in adult patients with mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakyung Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - HongKyu Ihm
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Shin Kang
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-Ro, Buk Gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeona Yu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Yoon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Jang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjun Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyon Ha
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkyu Park
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-Ro, Buk Gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital 29, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13619, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Postigo Á, González-Nuevo C, García-Fernández J, García-Cueto E, Soto CJ, Napolitano CM, Roberts BW, Cuesta M. The Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Skills Inventory: A Spanish Adaptation and Further Validation in Adult Population. Assessment 2024; 31:1525-1547. [PMID: 38311900 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231225197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) skills encompass a broad range of interpersonal and intrapersonal abilities that are crucial for establishing and maintaining relationships, managing emotions, setting and pursuing goals, and exploring new learning opportunities. To address the lack of consensus regarding terminology, definition, and assessment of SEB skills, Soto et al. developed the Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Skills Inventory (BESSI), which consists of 192 items, 32 facets, and 5 domains. The objective of the current study was to adapt the BESSI to Spanish (referred to as BESSI-Sp) and enhance the overall understanding of the BESSI framework. A sample of 303 people was employed with a mean age of 30.35 years (SD = 14.73), ranging from 18 to 85 years. The results indicate that the BESSI-Sp demonstrates strong psychometric properties. Its facet- and domain-level structure aligns with the theoretical expectations and closely resembles the English-language source version. The facets exhibit high reliability (mean ω = .89), and the scores demonstrate adequate stability after 3 to 4 weeks (mean rICC = .77). The BESSI-Sp also displays evidence of convergent validity and integrates well with the Big Five framework, providing incremental validity for various outcomes. We discuss the implications of these findings for the assessment of SEB skills and future research in this field.
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120
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Wizła M, Lewczuk K. The Associations Between Attachment Insecurity and Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder or Problematic Pornography Use: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:3419-3436. [PMID: 38898361 PMCID: PMC11390895 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) was previously considered an attachment disorder, while emotion dysregulation was thought to potentially be a key characteristic of it. However, this theoretical model was not tested in previous empirical research. In our cross-sectional study, we tested whether emotional regulation (ER) difficulties can be adopted as an explanatory mechanism for the relationships between attachment avoidance and anxiety, as well as CSBD and its most prevalent behavioral presentation-problematic pornography use (PPU). Participants (n = 1002; Mage = 50.49 years, SD = 13.32; men: 50.2%) completed an online survey regarding the investigated variables. In mediation analyses, attachment avoidance and anxiety were treated as simultaneous predictors, ER difficulties as a mediating variable, with CSBD/PPU severity as dependent variables. Emotion regulation difficulties and attachment anxiety had a direct positive effect on both CSBD and PPU. The direct effect of attachment avoidance on PPU was non-significant, and significant for CSBD depending on the measure used. Moreover, all the relationships between both insecure attachment dimensions and CSBD/PPU symptom severity were at least partially mediated by ER difficulties. Our results corroborate the theoretical claim that ER difficulties may be a useful framework for explaining the impact of attachment insecurity on CSBD/PPU. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wizła
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karol Lewczuk
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland
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121
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Del Giudice M. Statistical indices of masculinity-femininity: A theoretical and practical framework. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:6538-6556. [PMID: 38438655 PMCID: PMC11362193 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Statistical indices of masculinity-femininity (M-F) summarize multivariate profiles of sex-related traits as positions on a single continuum of individual differences, from masculine to feminine. This approach goes back to the early days of sex differences research; however, a systematic discussion of alternative M-F indices (including their meaning, their mutual relations, and their psychometric properties) has been lacking. In this paper I present an integrative theoretical framework for the statistical assessment of masculinity-femininity, and provide practical guidance to researchers who wish to apply these methods to their data. I describe four basic types of M-F indices: sex-directionality, sex-typicality, sex-probability, and sex-centrality. I examine their similarities and differences in detail, and consider alternative ways of computing them. Next, I discuss the impact of measurement error on the validity of these indices, and outline some potential remedies. Finally, I illustrate the concepts presented in the paper with a selection of real-world datasets on body morphology, brain morphology, and personality. An R function is available to easily calculate multiple M-F indices from empirical data (with or without correction for measurement error) and draw summary plots of their individual and joint distributions.
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Kieraité M, Bättig JJ, Novoselac A, Noboa V, Seifritz E, Rufer M, Egger ST, Weidt S. "Our similarities are different" The relationship between alexithymia and depression. Psychiatry Res 2024; 340:116099. [PMID: 39173349 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Alexithymia is a multi-faceted personality trait, which is the inability to recognize and describe emotions. It is associated with a multitude of mental health problems, and its implication for the diagnosis and treatment of depression remains unclear. The current study explored the nuances of the relationship between alexithymia and depression in a sample of 210 patients with depression. We assessed alexithymia with the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and depression with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I). The mean TAS-20 score was 57.47 ± 10.63, and the mean BDI-I score was 49.33±9.24. We explored the network structure of alexithymia and depression. Items related to difficulties in identifying, describing, and expressing feelings were prominent in the alexithymia network. Joy, guilt, and self-dislike stand out in the depression network. In our analysis, we were able to show the crescent relationship between depression and alexithymia, with an inflection point at a TAS-20 score of 53. Although the correlation-concordance index was moderate (0.41; 95 %CI: 0.29-0.51), both scales greatly overlap. In the joint network of alexithymia and depression, we could identify bridge (i.e., connecting) items between alexithymia and depression. These were difficulties understanding and relating feelings to physical and body sensations on the alexithymia side, and self-dislike, crying, and somatic concern on the depression side. Taken together, they point to the pivotal role of alexithymia in the somatization/embodiment of emotions and feelings in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kieraité
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Vanessa Noboa
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Rufer
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Triaplus Integrated Psychiatry Uri, Schwyz and Zug, Oberwil-Zug, Switzerland
| | - Stephan T Egger
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Steffi Weidt
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Bettcher BM, Lopez Paniagua D, Wang Y, McConnell BV, Coughlan C, Carlisle TC, Thaker AA, Lippitt W, Filley CM, Pelak VS, Shapiro AL, Heffernan KS, Potter H, Solano A, Boyd J, Carlson NE. Synergistic effects of GFAP and Aβ42: Implications for white matter integrity and verbal memory across the cognitive spectrum. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 40:100834. [PMID: 39206431 PMCID: PMC11357780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocytic biomarker, has previously been linked with Alzheimer's disease (AD) status, amyloid levels, and memory performance in older adults. The neuroanatomical pathways by which astrogliosis/astrocyte reactivity might impact cognitive outcomes remains unclear. We evaluated whether plasma GFAP and amyloid levels had a synergistic effect on fornix structure, which is critically involved in AD-associated cholinergic pathways. We also examined whether fornix structure mediates associations between GFAP and verbal memory. Methods In a cohort of both asymptomatic and symptomatic older adults (total n = 99), we assessed plasma GFAP, amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), other AD-related proteins, and vascular markers, and we conducted comprehensive memory testing. Tractography-based methods were used to assess fornix structure with whole brain diffusion metrics to control for diffuse alterations in brain white matter. Results In individuals in the low plasma amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) group, higher plasma GFAP was associated with lower fractional anisotropy (FA; p = 0.007), higher mean diffusivity (MD; p < 0.001), higher radial diffusivity (RD; p < 0.001), and higher axial diffusivity (DA; p = 0.001) in the left fornix. These associations were independent of APOE gene status, plasma levels of total tau and neurofilament light, plasma vascular biomarkers, and whole brain diffusion metrics. In a sub-analysis of participants in the low plasma Aβ42 group (n = 33), fornix structure mediated the association between higher plasma GFAP levels and lower verbal memory performance. Discussion Higher plasma GFAP was associated with altered fornix microstructure in the setting of greater amyloid deposition. We also expanded on our prior GFAP-verbal memory findings by demonstrating that in the low plasma Aβ42 group, left fornix integrity may be a primary white matter conduit for the negative associations between GFAP and verbal memory performance. Overall, these findings suggest that astrogliosis/astrocyte reactivity may play an early, pivotal role in AD pathogenesis, and further demonstrate that high GFAP and low Aβ42 in plasma may reflect a particularly detrimental synergistic role in forniceal-memory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne M. Bettcher
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dan Lopez Paniagua
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brice V. McConnell
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christina Coughlan
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Alzheimer's & Cognition Center, Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tara C. Carlisle
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ashesh A. Thaker
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - William Lippitt
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christopher M. Filley
- Behavioral Neurology Section, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Colorado Alzheimer's & Cognition Center, Marcus Institute for Brain Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Victoria S. Pelak
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Allison L.B. Shapiro
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kate S. Heffernan
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Huntington Potter
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Alzheimer's & Cognition Center, Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Adriana Solano
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Alzheimer's & Cognition Center, Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jada Boyd
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nichole E. Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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124
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Lafit G, Artner R, Ceulemans E. Enabling analytical power calculations for multilevel models with autocorrelated errors through deriving and approximating the precision matrix. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:8105-8131. [PMID: 39009823 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
To unravel how within-person psychological processes fluctuate in daily life, and how these processes differ between persons, intensive longitudinal (IL) designs in which participants are repeatedly measured, have become popular. Commonly used statistical models for those designs are multilevel models with autocorrelated errors. Substantive hypotheses of interest are then typically investigated via statistical hypotheses tests for model parameters of interest. An important question in the design of such IL studies concerns the determination of the number of participants and the number of measurements per person needed to achieve sufficient statistical power for those statistical tests. Recent advances in computational methods and software have enabled the computation of statistical power using Monte Carlo simulations. However, this approach is computationally intensive and therefore quite restrictive. To ease power computations, we derive simple-to-use analytical formulas for multilevel models with AR(1) within-person errors. Analytic expressions for a model family are obtained via asymptotic approximations of all sample statistics in the precision matrix of the fixed effects. To validate this analytical approach to power computation, we compare it to the simulation-based approach via a series of Monte Carlo simulations. We find comparable performances making the analytic approach a useful tool for researchers that can drastically save them time and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginette Lafit
- Methodology of Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Richard Artner
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Ceulemans
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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125
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Smithson CJR, Chow JK, Chang TY, Gauthier I. Measuring object recognition ability: Reliability, validity, and the aggregate z-score approach. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:6598-6612. [PMID: 38438656 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Measurement of domain-general object recognition ability (o) requires minimization of domain-specific variance. One approach is to model o as a latent variable explaining performance on a battery of tests which differ in task demands and stimuli; however, time and sample requirements may be prohibitive. Alternatively, an aggregate measure of o can be obtained by averaging z-scores across tests. Using data from Sunday et al., Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 151, 676-694, (2022), we demonstrated that aggregate scores from just two such object recognition tests provide a good approximation (r = .79) of factor scores calculated from a model using a much larger set of tests. Some test combinations produced correlations of up to r = .87 with factor scores. We then revised these tests to reduce testing time, and developed an odd one out task, using a unique object category on nearly every trial, to increase task and stimuli diversity. To validate our measures, 163 participants completed the object recognition tests on two occasions, one month apart. Providing the first evidence that o is stable over time, our short aggregate o measure demonstrated good test-retest reliability (r = .77). The stability of o could not be completely accounted for by intelligence, perceptual speed, and early visual ability. Structural equation modeling suggested that our tests load significantly onto the same latent variable, and revealed that as a latent variable, o is highly stable (r = .93). Aggregation is an efficient method for estimating o, allowing investigation of individual differences in object recognition ability to be more accessible in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason K Chow
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ting-Yun Chang
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Isabel Gauthier
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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126
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Ribeiro Santiago PH, Soares GH, Quintero A, Jamieson L. Comparing the Clique Percolation algorithm to other overlapping community detection algorithms in psychological networks: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7219-7240. [PMID: 38693441 PMCID: PMC11362237 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
In psychological networks, one limitation of the most used community detection algorithms is that they can only assign each node (symptom) to a unique community, without being able to identify overlapping symptoms. The clique percolation (CP) is an algorithm that identifies overlapping symptoms but its performance has not been evaluated in psychological networks. In this study, we compare the CP with model parameters chosen based on fuzzy modularity (CPMod) with two other alternatives, the ratio of the two largest communities (CPRat), and entropy (CPEnt). We evaluate their performance to: (1) identify the correct number of latent factors (i.e., communities); and (2) identify the observed variables with substantive (and equally sized) cross-loadings (i.e., overlapping symptoms). We carried out simulations under 972 conditions (3x2x2x3x3x3x3): (1) data categories (continuous, polytomous and dichotomous); (2) number of factors (two and four); (3) number of observed variables per factor (four and eight); (4) factor correlations (0.0, 0.5, and 0.7); (5) size of primary factor loadings (0.40, 0.55, and 0.70); (6) proportion of observed variables with substantive cross-loadings (0.0%, 12.5%, and 25.0%); and (7) sample size (300, 500, and 1000). Performance was evaluated through the Omega index, Mean Bias Error (MBE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), sensitivity, specificity, and mean number of isolated nodes. We also evaluated two other methods, Exploratory Factor Analysis and the Walktrap algorithm modified to consider overlap (EFA-Ov and Walk-Ov, respectively). The Walk-Ov displayed the best performance across most conditions and is the recommended option to identify communities with overlapping symptoms in psychological networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Hermes Soares
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, 50 Rundle Mall, Rundle Mall Plaza, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Adrian Quintero
- ICFES - Colombian Institute for Educational Evaluation, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lisa Jamieson
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, 50 Rundle Mall, Rundle Mall Plaza, Adelaide, Australia
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127
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Pfeifer VA, Chilton TD, Grilli MD, Mehl MR. How ready is speech-to-text for psychological language research? Evaluating the validity of AI-generated English transcripts for analyzing free-spoken responses in younger and older adults. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7621-7631. [PMID: 38773028 PMCID: PMC11365748 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
For the longest time, the gold standard in preparing spoken language corpora for text analysis in psychology was using human transcription. However, such standard comes at extensive cost, and creates barriers to quantitative spoken language analysis that recent advances in speech-to-text technology could address. The current study quantifies the accuracy of AI-generated transcripts compared to human-corrected transcripts across younger (n = 100) and older (n = 92) adults and two spoken language tasks. Further, it evaluates the validity of Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC)-features extracted from these two kinds of transcripts, as well as transcripts specifically prepared for LIWC analyses via tagging. We find that overall, AI-generated transcripts are highly accurate with a word error rate of 2.50% to 3.36%, albeit being slightly less accurate for younger compared to older adults. LIWC features extracted from either transcripts are highly correlated, while the tagging procedure significantly alters filler word categories. Based on these results, automatic speech-to-text appears to be ready for psychological language research when using spoken language tasks in relatively quiet environments, unless filler words are of interest to researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria A Pfeifer
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E University Bldv, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Trish D Chilton
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E University Bldv, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Matthew D Grilli
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E University Bldv, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Matthias R Mehl
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E University Bldv, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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128
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Wang MT, Henry DA, Wu W, Del Toro J, Huguley JP. Racial stereotype and Black adolescents' math achievement: Unpacking the socio-cognitive mechanisms. J Sch Psychol 2024; 106:101350. [PMID: 39251322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2024.101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Racial stereotypes are salient to Black adolescents and to the academic domain of mathematics; however, few studies have examined the socio-cognitive mechanisms through which racial stereotypes impact math achievement. This 2-year longitudinal study (N = 790 Grade 6, 8, and 10 students during Year 1; 50.7% girls and 49.3% boys) investigated (a) the extent to which the endorsement of positively and negatively biased racial stereotypes predicted Black adolescents' math performance through their cognitive engagement and ability mindset and (b) whether gender and ethnic-racial identity moderated these links. Results suggested that endorsement of negatively biased stereotypes was associated with diminished cognitive engagement and lower math scores across 2 years (p < .05). Additionally, adolescents' ethnic-racial identity commitment moderated the negative links between stereotype endorsement and math cognitive engagement in Year 2 (p < .05). When considering the mediating role of math ability mindsets, the endorsement of both positively and negatively biased racial stereotypes operated on math performance via its links to stronger fixed ability mindset beliefs in both years (p < .05). Gender also moderated the effects of racial stereotype endorsement on math mindset beliefs in Year 1 (p < .01). This study's findings advance the field's understanding of the psychosocial mechanisms through which racial stereotypes operate, thus enabling educators to develop tailored practices that facilitate equitable access to math learning opportunities.
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Van Norman ER, Klingbeil DA, Sturgell AK. The influence of procedural characteristics on within-case effect sizes for academic outcomes. J Sch Psychol 2024; 106:101347. [PMID: 39251321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2024.101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) have been used with increasing frequency to identify evidence-based interventions in education. The purpose of this study was to explore how several procedural characteristics, including within-phase variability (i.e., measurement error), number of baseline observations, and number of intervention observations influenced the magnitude of four SCED effect sizes, including (a) non-overlap of all pairs (NAP), (b) baseline corrected tau (BC-Tau), (c) mean-phase difference (MPD), and (d) generalized least squares (GLS) when applied to hypothetical academic intervention SCED data. Higher levels of measurement error decreased the average magnitude of effect sizes, particularly NAP and BC-Tau. However, the number of intervention observations had minimal impact on the average magnitude of NAP and BC-Tau. Increasing the number of intervention observations dramatically increased the magnitude of GLS and MPD. Increasing the number of baseline observations also tended to increase the average magnitude of MPD. The ratio of baseline to intervention observations had a statistically but not practically significant influence on the average magnitude of NAP, BC-Tau, and GLS. Careful consideration is required when determining the length of time academic SCEDs are conducted and what effect sizes are used to summarize treatment outcomes. This article also highlights the value of using meaningful simulation conditions to understand the performance of SCED effect sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan R Van Norman
- Center for Promoting Research to Practice, Lehigh University, United States.
| | - David A Klingbeil
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Adelle K Sturgell
- Center for Promoting Research to Practice, Lehigh University, United States
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130
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Milon TI, Wang Y, Fontenot RL, Khajouie P, Villinger F, Raghavan V, Xu W. Development of a novel representation of drug 3D structures and enhancement of the TSR-based method for probing drug and target interactions. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 112:108117. [PMID: 38852360 PMCID: PMC11390338 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying interactions between drugs and target proteins is critical for drug discovery. In our earlier studies, we introduced the Triangular Spatial Relationship (TSR)-based algorithm, which enables the representation of a protein's 3D structure as a vector of integers (TSR keys). These TSR keys correspond to substructures of the 3D structure of a protein and are computed based on the triangles constructed by all possible triples of Cα atoms within the protein. In this study, we report on a new TSR-based algorithm for probing drug and target interactions. Specifically, we have extended the previous algorithm in three novel directions: TSR keys for representing the 3D structure of a drug or a ligand, cross TSR keys between drugs and their targets and intra-residual TSR keys for phosphorylated amino acids. The outcomes illustrate the key contributions as follows: (i) The TSR-based method, which uses the TSR keys as features, is unique in its capability to interpret hierarchical relationships of drugs as well as drug - target complexes using common and specific TSR keys. (ii) The method can distinguish not only the binding sites from the rest of the protein structures, but also the binding sites of primary targets from those of off-targets. (iii) The method has the potential to correlate the 3D structures of drugs with their functions. (iv) Representation of 3D structures by TSR keys has its unique advantage in terms of ease of making searching for similar substructures across structure datasets easier. In summary, this study presents a novel computational methodology, with significant advantages, for providing insights into the mechanism underlying drug and target interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarikul I Milon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 44370, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Yuhong Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ryan L Fontenot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 44370, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Poorya Khajouie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 44370, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; The Center for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | - Vijay Raghavan
- The Center for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Wu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 44370, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA.
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131
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Schulze J, Heinrich M, Freudenstein JP, Schäpers P, Krumm S. Uncovering Hidden Framings in Dark Triad Self-Ratings: What Frames-of-Reference Do People Use When Responding to Generic Dark Triad Items? Assessment 2024; 31:1472-1492. [PMID: 38284352 PMCID: PMC11411850 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231220357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In typical Dark Triad (DT) questionnaires, generic items oftentimes refer to "others" or "people" in general. Hence, respondents have to mentally aggregate their behavior across several kinds of "others" (e.g., work colleagues, family members, and friends). It remains unknown if individuals consider different kinds of interaction partners equally or if their self-reports contain "hidden" interaction partner-specific tendencies. To shed light on this issue, we assessed generic and contextualized DT items (referring to family, friends, work, and strangers; N = 814 from the general population). The correlated trait-correlated (method - 1) model was used to investigate preregistered research questions. On average, generic DT items showed the strongest association with work-contextualized DT items and the weakest association with family-contextualized DT items. However, the associations varied considerably across DT items and traits. In sum, our results suggest that hidden framings exist in some DT items, which may impact their ability to predict relevant criteria due to contextual (a)symmetries. The generalizability of the findings to other DT instruments, items, and participant groups should be examined in future research.
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132
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Bekelman DB, Giannitrapani K, Linn KA, Langner P, Sudore RL, Rabin B, Lorenz KA, Foglia M, Glickman A, Pawlikowski S, Sloan M, Gamboa RC, McCaa MD, Hines A, Walling AM. Increasing goals of care conversations in primary care: Study protocol for a cluster randomized, pragmatic, sequential multiple assignment randomized trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 145:107643. [PMID: 39074531 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Goals of care conversations explore seriously ill patients' values to guide medical decision making and often inform decisions about life sustaining treatments. Ideally, conversations occur before a health crisis between patients and clinicians in the outpatient setting. In the United States Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system, most conversations still occur in the inpatient setting. Strategies are needed to improve implementation of outpatient, primary care goals of care conversations. METHODS We plan a cluster randomized (clinician-level) sequential, multiple assignment randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of patient implementation strategies on the outcome of goals of care conversation documentation when delivered in combination with clinician implementation strategies. Across three VA healthcare system sites, we will enroll primary care clinicians with low rates of goals of care conversations and their patients with serious medical illness in the top 10th percentile of risk of hospitalization or death. We will compare the effectiveness of sequences of implementation strategies and explore how patient and site factors modify implementation strategy effects. Finally, we will conduct a mixed-methods evaluation to understand implementation strategy success or failure. The design includes two key innovations: (1) strategies that target both clinicians and patients and (2) sequential strategies with increased intensity for non-responders. CONCLUSION This study aims to determine the effect of different sequences and combinations of implementation strategies on primary care documentation of goals of care conversations. Study partners, including the VA National Center for Ethics in Health Care and Office of Primary Care, can consider policies based on study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Bekelman
- VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Karleen Giannitrapani
- Center for Innovation to Implementation VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Primary Care and Population Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kristin A Linn
- Division of Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paula Langner
- VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca L Sudore
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Borsika Rabin
- VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, USA; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; UC San Diego ACTRI Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karl A Lorenz
- Center for Innovation to Implementation VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Primary Care and Population Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Marybeth Foglia
- VA National Center for Ethics in Health Care, USA; Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda Glickman
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Scott Pawlikowski
- Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marilyn Sloan
- VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Raziel C Gamboa
- Center for Innovation to Implementation VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, USA
| | - Matthew D McCaa
- Center for Innovation to Implementation VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, USA
| | - Anne Hines
- VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anne M Walling
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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133
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Wolf MG, Denison AJ. Survey Uses May Influence Survey Responses. Assessment 2024; 31:1378-1397. [PMID: 38160401 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231213849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Traditional validation processes for psychological surveys tend to focus on analyzing item responses instead of the cognitive processes that participants use to generate these responses. When screening for invalid responses, researchers typically focus on participants who manipulate their answers for personal gain or respond carelessly. In this paper, we introduce a new invalid response process, discordant responding, that arises when participants disagree with the use of the survey and discuss similarities and differences between this response style and protective responding. Results show that nearly all participants reflect on the intended uses of an assessment when responding to items and may decline to respond or modify their responses if they are not comfortable with the way the results will be used. Incidentally, we also find that participants may misread survey instructions if they are not interactive. We introduce a short screener to detect invalid responses, the discordant response identifiers (DRI), which provides researchers with a simple validity tool to use when validating surveys. Finally, we provide recommendations about how researchers may use these findings to design surveys that reduce this response manipulation in the first place.
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134
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Nightingale S, Dreyer AJ, Thomas KGF, van Zyl G, Decloedt E, Naude PJW, Orrell C, Sinxadi P, Winston A, Khoo S, Joska JA. Cognitive performance, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cerebrospinal fluid viral control following programmatic switch from efavirenz-based to dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy in South Africa (CONNECT): a prospective cohort study. Lancet HIV 2024; 11:e680-e689. [PMID: 39284338 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(24)00209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both efavirenz and dolutegravir have been associated with neuropsychiatric side-effects and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HIV RNA escape has not been comprehensively studied in African populations. We aimed to examine changes in cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and CSF viral control associated with the widespread switch from efavirenz-based to dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS This prospective cohort study of people with HIV and people without HIV recruited adults with HIV (aged 18-55 years) from the Gugulethu Community Health Centre in a low-income periurban area of Cape Town, South Africa. Eligible participants had been receiving efavirenz-based ART for at least 1 year and were identified by the clinic to switch to dolutegravir-based ART as part of the national programmatic switch. Participants were studied at baseline and followed up at 1 year after switch to dolutegravir. People without HIV were recruited from the same area, matched for age and gender, and followed up at the same time interval. People with HIV and people without HIV underwent comprehensive cognitive testing over seven domains and measures of functioning, mood, anxiety, and sleep. People with HIV had CSF sampling for HIV RNA quantification. FINDINGS Between Aug 12, 2019, and Sept 16, 2022, we recruited 178 people with HIV and 95 people without HIV. 145 (81%) of 178 people with HIV and 40 (66%) of 60 people without HIV who were offered underwent follow-up. Global cognitive performance was 2·57 T score points lower in people with HIV than in people without HIV at baseline (p=0·0008). At follow-up, cognition in people with HIV improved more than practice effects observed in people without HIV (coefficient 1·40, 95% CI 0·48-2·32, p=0·0028) and no significant difference in cognitive performance between groups was apparent (51·43 vs 52·73; p=0·22). Sleep quality improved following the switch (risk ratio 0·90, 95% CI 0·84-0·95; p=0·0002), driven mainly by indicators of disturbed sleep. There were nine incident cases of depression, although baseline differences were present. There was one case (1%) of CSF escape at baseline and three cases (4%) at follow-up; all were at low levels or resolved with repeated sampling. INTERPRETATION Improvements in cognition and sleep are probably related to switching from efavirenz. However, the possible increase in depression warrants further examination. Cognitive performance in virally supressed African people with HIV receiving dolutegravir-based therapy is similar to people without HIV. CSF escape is uncommon on both efavirenz-based and dolutegravir-based therapy. FUNDING South African Medical Research Council and UK Medical Research Council, Newton Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Nightingale
- HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Anna J Dreyer
- HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin G F Thomas
- Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gert van Zyl
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eric Decloedt
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Petrus J W Naude
- Division of Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine Orrell
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Phumla Sinxadi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council/University of Cape Town Platform for Pharmacogenomics Research and Translation, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alan Winston
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK; HIV Clinical Trials, Winston Churchill Wing, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - John A Joska
- HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Piccirillo ML, Frumkin MR, Spink KM, Tonge NA, Foster KT. Examining time-varying dynamics of co-occurring depressed mood and anxiety. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:24-35. [PMID: 38906224 PMCID: PMC11316648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dimensional frameworks of psychopathology call for multivariate approaches to map co-occurring disorders to index what symptoms emerge when and for whom. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) offers a method for assessing and differentiating the dynamics of co-occurring symptoms with greater temporal granularity and naturalistic context. The present study used multivariate mixed effects location-scale modeling to characterize the time-varying dynamics of depressed mood and anxiety for women diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and major depression (MDD). METHODS Women completed five daily EMA surveys over 30 days (150 EMA surveys/woman, T ≈ 5250 total observations) and two clinical diagnostic and retrospective self-report measures administered approximately two months apart. RESULTS There was evidence of same-symptom lagged effects (bs = 0.08-0.09), but not cross-symptom lagged effects (bs < 0.01) during EMA. Symptoms co-varied such that momentary spikes from one's typical level of anxiety were associated with increases in momentary depressed mood (b = 0.19) and greater variability of depressed mood (b = 0.06). Similarly, spikes from one's typical levels of depressed mood were associated with increases in momentary anxiety (b = 0.19). Furthermore, the presence and magnitude of effects demonstrated person-specific heterogeneity. LIMITATIONS Our findings are constrained to the dynamics of depressed and anxious mood among cisgender women with primary SAD and current or past MDD. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this work help to characterize how daily experiences of co-occurring mood and anxiety fluctuate and offer insight to aid the development of momentary, person-specific interventions designed to regulate symptom fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn L Piccirillo
- University of Washington, Department of Psychology, United States of America; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America.
| | - Madelyn R Frumkin
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, United States of America; Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America
| | - Katie Malloy Spink
- University of Washington, Department of Psychology, United States of America
| | - Natasha A Tonge
- George Mason University, Department of Psychology, United States of America
| | - Katherine T Foster
- University of Washington, Department of Psychology, United States of America; University of Washington, Department of Global Health, United States of America
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136
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Zhan J, Liu C, Wang Z, Cai Z, He J. Effects of game-based digital interventions for mental disorders: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:731-741. [PMID: 39029672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
With increasing research attention on game-based digital interventions for mental disorders, a number of studies have been conducted to explore the effectiveness of digital game-based interventions on mental disorders. However, findings from previous research were inconsistent. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analytic review of the effectiveness of game-based digital interventions for mental disorders. By searching the articles in databases, we identified 53 studies in which 2433 participants were involved, and 282 effect sizes were extracted. Among the 53 studies, 14 employed within-group (pre/post) designs, and the remaining 39 utilized controlled trial designs. Using a three-level random-effects meta-analytic model, a medium effect size of game-based digital interventions (g = 0.47, 95 % CI: 0.33, 0.61) was revealed in the controlled trial designs and a close-to-medium effect size (g = 0.45, 95 % CI: 0.32, 0.58) was found in the within-group (pre/post) designs, indicating close-to-medium-sized efficacy of game-based digital interventions for mental disorders. Moderator analyses showed that age in the controlled trial designs had contributed to the heterogeneity in previous studies, suggesting that interventions might be more effective for the elderly. However, given that only a limited number of studies were focused on the elderly, more studies with older participants should be conducted in the future to provide more robust evidence and explore the mechanisms of how digital gaming interventions can be more effective in improving mental disorders symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieni Zhan
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Caiyan Liu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhikeng Wang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihui Cai
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jinbo He
- Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P.R. China.
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Trangenstein PJ, Tiongson PJ, Lu Y, Lipson SK, Xuan Z, Naimi TS, Jernigan DH. Gender and sexual identity and harms from others' drinking among U.S. college students: Results from a multi-campus survey. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1978-1982. [PMID: 36036804 PMCID: PMC9971347 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2112045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College is a critical life stage for alcohol-related harms to others (AHTOs), gender, and sexual identity. We tested associations between inclusively-defined gender and sexual identities (separately) and AHTOs among college students. METHODS The Healthy Minds Study (n = 8,308) provided data about three AHTOs: (1) babysitting a drunk student, (2) alcohol-related unwanted sexual advance, and (3) alcohol-related sexual assault. Independent variables included gender and sexual identity. RESULTS One in four students (25.5%) reported babysitting, 6.2% reported unwanted advances, and 1.2% reported sexual assaults. Compared to cisgender males, cisgender females had higher odds of reporting babysitting (aOR = 1.36, p < 0.001) and unwanted advances (aOR = 2.59, p < 0.001); trans masculine students had higher odds of reporting sexual assaults (aOR = 4.49, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS AHTOs are prevalent on college campuses, and cisgender female and trans masculine students have higher odds of experiencing them. Alcohol interventions may protect cisgender female and gender minority students from the drinkers around them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick J.D. Tiongson
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Health Law, Policy & Management, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah K. Lipson
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Health Law, Policy & Management, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziming Xuan
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy S. Naimi
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - David H. Jernigan
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Health Law, Policy & Management, Boston, MA, USA
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138
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Kvam PD. The Tweedledum and Tweedledee of dynamic decisions: Discriminating between diffusion decision and accumulator models. Psychon Bull Rev 2024:10.3758/s13423-024-02587-0. [PMID: 39354295 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Theories of dynamic decision-making are typically built on evidence accumulation, which is modeled using racing accumulators or diffusion models that track a shifting balance of support over time. However, these two types of models are only two special cases of a more general evidence accumulation process where options correspond to directions in an accumulation space. Using this generalized evidence accumulation approach as a starting point, I identify four ways to discriminate between absolute-evidence and relative-evidence models. First, an experimenter can look at the information that decision-makers considered to identify whether there is a filtering of near-zero evidence samples, which is characteristic of a relative-evidence decision rule (e.g., diffusion decision model). Second, an experimenter can disentangle different components of drift rates by manipulating the discriminability of the two response options relative to the stimulus to delineate the balance of evidence from the total amount of evidence. Third, a modeler can use machine learning to classify a set of data according to its generative model. Finally, machine learning can also be used to directly estimate the geometric relationships between choice options. I illustrate these different approaches by applying them to data from an orientation-discrimination task, showing converging conclusions across all four methods in favor of accumulator-based representations of evidence during choice. These tools can clearly delineate absolute-evidence and relative-evidence models, and should be useful for comparing many other types of decision theories.
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139
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Yan W, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Farid M, Zhang P, Peng K. Timing Matters: A Longitudinal Study Examining the Effects of Physical Activity Intensity and Timing on Adolescents' Mental Health Outcomes. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:2320-2331. [PMID: 38767791 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity is universally acknowledged for its benefits to mental health; however, the specific intensities and timings that best benefit adolescents' mental health, crucial due to their significant influence on daily schedules, have not been thoroughly investigated. This study addresses the substantive research gap by exploring the varied effects of physical activity intensity (light versus moderate to vigorous) and timing (weekdays versus weekends and holidays) on adolescent mental health. Utilizing a large-scale longitudinal dataset (NT1 = 84,054; NT2 = 44,623) from 158 schools, this research describes the current state of adolescent physical activity and investigates the effects of physical activity on mental health outcomes, including positive (i.e., life satisfaction, positive mental health) and negative indicators (depression, anxiety), over a 6-month period. Participants were adolescents aged 9-19 years (mean age = 12.73 ± 2.43 years, 48.9% female), with the analysis adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results showed that as adolescents grow older, their engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during both weekdays and weekends/holidays tends to decrease, while light physical activity during weekdays increases. Multilevel regression analysis indicated that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during weekends/holidays at Time 1 positively correlated with better mental health outcomes at Time 2 (six months later), featuring enhanced positive indicators and reduced negative ones. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on weekdays at Time 1 was positively linked to mental health at Time 2. Light physical activity during weekends/holidays at Time 1 positively predicted life satisfaction and positive mental health at Time 2. In contrast, light physical activity on weekdays at Time 1 negatively correlated with life satisfaction at Time 2. The study underscores the importance of promoting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, particularly on weekends and holidays, to improve mental health outcomes among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Stanford Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, California, USA
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yidan Yuan
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - May Farid
- Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies, the University of San Diego's, California, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiping Peng
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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140
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Breuer F, Meyhöfer I, Lencer R, Sprenger A, Roesmann K, Schag K, Dannlowski U, Leehr EJ. Aberrant inhibitory control as a transdiagnostic dimension of mental disorders - A meta-analysis of the antisaccade task in different psychiatric populations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 165:105840. [PMID: 39103067 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
This meta-analysis examined inhibitory control performance in the antisaccade task across mental disorders. Following PRISMA guidelines, we analyzed data from k = 146 studies (n = 13,807 participants) on antisaccade performance. Effect sizes were estimated using random-effects models and restricted maximum-likelihood estimation, with robustness tests for study heterogeneity and publication bias. Most disorders displayed elevated error rates, with schizophrenia showing the greatest impairments, followed by autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Small to medium impairments were also found in eating disorders, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance use disorder. Results were robust against corrections for publication bias and largely unaffected by confounding variables. Prolonged latencies were observed in schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder, with smaller and less robust effect sizes. Results indicate inhibitory control deficits in the antisaccade task across mental disorders, especially evident for error rates. While present in most disorders, results imply varying degrees of impairments, ranging from small to large in effect sizes, with largest impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Breuer
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Inga Meyhöfer
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany; Otto-Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany; Otto-Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andreas Sprenger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kati Roesmann
- Institute for Psychology, Unit for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy in Childhood and Adolescence. University of Osnabrück, Germany; Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schag
- Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
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141
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Solitano V, Siegel CA, Korzenik JR, Maratt JK, Rex DK, Maguire B, Bressler B, Grossmann J, Sedano R, McDonald JWD, Remillard J, Shackelton LM, Zou G, Feagan BG, Ma C, Jairath V. Performance of bowel preparation quality scales in patients with Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 60:1042-1050. [PMID: 39129393 DOI: 10.1111/apt.18210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The performance of bowel preparation (BP) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) is unknown. AIMS To evaluate the operating properties of instruments used to assess BP quality in patients with CD. METHODS We used the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale, modified Boston Bowel Preparation Scale, Harefield Cleansing Scale, Food and Drug Administration Bowel Cleansing Assessment Scale (BCAS), and a 100-mm visual analogue scale of bowel cleanliness to assess BP quality in 50 videos from 40 patients with CD. We assessed endoscopic activity with the Simple Endoscopic Score for CD (SES-CD). Assessments were on endoscope insertion and withdrawal. Reliability was quantified using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We assessed validity by within-patient correlation between instruments and the visual analogue scale using mixed-effect models. The correlation between BP quality and SES-SD scores was assessed using Spearman's rho. RESULTS Inter- and intra-rater reliability for all BP quality instruments was substantial (ICC ≥0.61) except for the Food and Drug Administration BCAS on insertion (inter-rater reliability ICC ≥0.41). The visual analogue scale had substantial inter- and almost perfect (ICC ≥0.81) intra-rater reliability. Correlation coefficients for the validity of the instruments exceeded 0.58. BP quality and endoscopic disease activity scores in the colon were negatively correlated. CONCLUSION Most existing instruments reliably assess BP quality in patients with CD. These results support the use of these instruments in clinical practice, provide a framework for scoring BP quality in CD clinical trials, and support evaluation of novel BP agents in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Solitano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Alimentiv Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Corey A Siegel
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Joshua R Korzenik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer K Maratt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Douglas K Rex
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Brian Bressler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Johannes Grossmann
- RKM740-Interdisciplinary Specialty-Clinic, Gastroenterology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rocio Sedano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Alimentiv Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John W D McDonald
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Alimentiv Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Guangyong Zou
- Alimentiv Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian G Feagan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Alimentiv Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Ma
- Alimentiv Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Alimentiv Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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142
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Li Y, Jia Q. Mitigating psychological distress in the workplace: The role of perceived insider status in leader-follower cognitive style congruence. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 250:104505. [PMID: 39357418 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the impact of leader-follower cognitive style congruence on employee psychological distress, with a specific emphasis on the mediating role of perceived insider status. Using data from a major financial institution in China, the findings reveal that higher cognitive style alignment between leaders and followers is associated with a significant reduction in employee psychological distress. Grounded in Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, the study demonstrates that cognitive style congruence enhances predictability and facilitates the conservation of psychological resources, effectively mitigating psychological distress. Notably, employees led by intuitive leaders report lower distress levels compared to those led by analytic leaders. These results underscore the critical importance of cognitive style congruence in fostering employee well-being and offer actionable insights for enhancing organizational practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwu Li
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Qinning Jia
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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143
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Liang K, Le F, Chi P, Chen S, Huang L, Chi X. Move more today, sleep better tonight? Daily associations between physical activity and sedentary behavior with sleep among young adults with and without insomnia symptoms. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024:102758. [PMID: 39362352 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE At the between-person level, it is well-documented that individuals with more physical activity (PA) and less sedentary behavior (SB) tend to have better sleep outcomes than their peers. However, the associations at the within-person level remain unclear. This study investigated the daily associations between PA and SB with nighttime sleep among young adults with and without insomnia symptoms. METHODS Data was collected through activity trackers and online questionnaires for 7 consecutive days among 147 university students, including time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), and SB, along with sleep duration, efficiency, and quality. Participants were classified into two subgroups according to the presence of insomnia symptoms, which were determined by a self-reported insomnia scale. Multilevel compositional data analysis was conducted on the total sample, and separately on subsamples characterized by the presence and absence of insomnia symptoms. RESULTS In the total sample and subsample without insomnia symptoms, substitutions among MVPA, LPA, and SB were not associated with changes in sleep outcomes at the daily level. However, in the subsample with insomnia symptoms, days with more MVPA or SB and less LPA were associated with higher sleep efficiency, while days with more LPA at the expense of MVPA or SB were associated with lower sleep efficiency. CONCLUSIONS For young adults with insomnia symptoms, replacing LPA with MVPA on a given day may improve their sleep efficiency that night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Liang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau China
| | - Flora Le
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau China; Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liuyue Huang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau China; Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau
| | - Xinli Chi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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144
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Cuesta-Valiño P, Penelas-Leguía A, López-Sanz JM, Ravina-Ripoll R. Job satisfaction and happiness keys in the prosocial behavior of citizens in Europe. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:524. [PMID: 39354643 PMCID: PMC11445878 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01972-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Satisfaction and happiness are two widely studied topics in current literature. Human beings need to find happiness. However, for many authors, satisfaction is a prerequisite for happiness. Satisfaction, in turn, can be approached from different perspectives, such as job satisfaction, health satisfaction, and social life satisfaction. This research analyses the relationship between these variables and their influence on proactive social behaviour. METHODS The present study utilised the European Social Survey, an academic survey conducted across Europe in its round 10, carried out between 2022 and 2023, with a database of 25,311 valid responses. Structural equation modelling analysis conduct using PLS-SEM with the Smart PLS software. RESULTS The results demonstrate a direct and significant relationship between overall satisfaction and happiness and between happiness and prosocial behaviour. Similarly, a solid indirect relationship exists between satisfaction and prosocial behaviour in society. Furthermore, job satisfaction is among the variables influencing overall satisfaction and happiness. However, it is not the most important, with satisfaction with social life being the most influential on satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Happiness is one of the main variables that influence people's lives. As we have observed, this happiness has a direct and solid relationship with the individual's level of satisfaction, with job satisfaction and satisfaction with social life being the most influential in this relationship between satisfaction and happiness. Therefore, these conclusions must be understood by both workers and employers and public administrations. Additionally, the relationship between happiness and prosocial behaviour is an interesting topic that the governments of countries and regions in Europe should consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cuesta-Valiño
- Department of Economics and Business Management, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Azucena Penelas-Leguía
- Department of Economics and Business Management, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - José María López-Sanz
- Department of Economics and Business Management, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Rafael Ravina-Ripoll
- Department of Business Organization and INDESS, University of Cádiz, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
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145
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Miller J. Estimating the proportions and latencies of reaction time outliers: A pooling method and case study of lexical decision tasks. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7280-7306. [PMID: 38811517 PMCID: PMC11362516 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A methodological problem in most reaction time (RT) studies is that some measured RTs may be outliers-that is, they may be very fast or very slow for reasons unconnected to the task-related processing of interest. Numerous ad hoc methods have been suggested to discriminate between such outliers and the valid RTs of interest, but it is extremely difficult to determine how well these methods work in practice because virtually nothing is known about the actual characteristics of outliers in real RT datasets. This article proposes a new method of pooling cumulative distribution function values for examining empirical RT distributions to assess both the proportions of outliers and their latencies relative to those of the valid RTs. As the method is developed, its strengths and weaknesses are examined using simulations based on previously suggested ad hoc models for RT outliers with particular assumed proportions and distributions of valid RTs and outliers. The method is then applied to several large RT datasets from lexical decision tasks, and the results provide the first empirically based description of outlier RTs. For these datasets, fewer than 1% of the RTs seem to be outliers, and the median outlier latency appears to be approximately 4-6 standard deviations of RT above the mean of the valid RT distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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146
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Ozaki K. Detecting inattentive respondents by machine learning: A generic technique that substitutes for the directed questions scale and compensates for its shortcomings. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7059-7078. [PMID: 38589674 PMCID: PMC11362257 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Web surveys are often used to collect data for psychological research. However, the inclusion of many inattentive respondents can be a problem. Various methods for detecting inattentive respondents have been proposed, most of which require the inclusion of additional items in the survey for detection or the calculation of variables for detection after data collection. This study proposes a method for detecting inattentive respondents in web surveys using machine learning. The method requires only the collection of response time and the inclusion of a Likert scale, eliminating the need to include special detection items in the survey. Based on data from 16 web surveys, a method was developed using predictor variables not included in existing methods. While previous machine learning methods for detecting inattentive respondents can only be applied to the same surveys as the data on which the models were developed, the proposed model is generic and can be applied to any questionnaire as long as response time is available, and a Likert scale is included. In addition, the proposed method showed partially higher accuracy than existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koken Ozaki
- Graduate School of Business Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0012, Japan.
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147
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Revol J, Lafit G, Ceulemans E. A new sample-size planning approach for person-specific VAR(1) studies: Predictive accuracy analysis. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7152-7167. [PMID: 38717682 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Researchers increasingly study short-term dynamic processes that evolve within single individuals using N = 1 studies. The processes of interest are typically captured by fitting a VAR(1) model to the resulting data. A crucial question is how to perform sample-size planning and thus decide on the number of measurement occasions that are needed. The most popular approach is to perform a power analysis, which focuses on detecting the effects of interest. We argue that performing sample-size planning based on out-of-sample predictive accuracy yields additional important information regarding potential overfitting of the model. Predictive accuracy quantifies how well the estimated VAR(1) model will allow predicting unseen data from the same individual. We propose a new simulation-based sample-size planning method called predictive accuracy analysis (PAA), and an associated Shiny app. This approach makes use of a novel predictive accuracy metric that accounts for the multivariate nature of the prediction problem. We showcase how the values of the different VAR(1) model parameters impact power and predictive accuracy-based sample-size recommendations using simulated data sets and real data applications. The range of recommended sample sizes is smaller for predictive accuracy analysis than for power analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Revol
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ginette Lafit
- Methodology of Educational Sciences Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Ceulemans
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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148
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Sloman SJ, Cavagnaro DR, Broomell SB. Knowing what to know: Implications of the choice of prior distribution on the behavior of adaptive design optimization. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7102-7125. [PMID: 38977609 PMCID: PMC11362200 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive design optimization (ADO) is a state-of-the-art technique for experimental design (Cavagnaro et al., 2010). ADO dynamically identifies stimuli that, in expectation, yield the most information about a hypothetical construct of interest (e.g., parameters of a cognitive model). To calculate this expectation, ADO leverages the modeler's existing knowledge, specified in the form of a prior distribution. Informative priors align with the distribution of the focal construct in the participant population. This alignment is assumed by ADO's internal assessment of expected information gain. If the prior is instead misinformative, i.e., does not align with the participant population, ADO's estimates of expected information gain could be inaccurate. In many cases, the true distribution that characterizes the participant population is unknown, and experimenters rely on heuristics in their choice of prior and without an understanding of how this choice affects ADO's behavior. Our work introduces a mathematical framework that facilitates investigation of the consequences of the choice of prior distribution on the efficiency of experiments designed using ADO. Through theoretical and empirical results, we show that, in the context of prior misinformation, measures of expected information gain are distinct from the correctness of the corresponding inference. Through a series of simulation experiments, we show that, in the case of parameter estimation, ADO nevertheless outperforms other design methods. Conversely, in the case of model selection, misinformative priors can lead inference to favor the wrong model, and rather than mitigating this pitfall, ADO exacerbates it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina J Sloman
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
| | - Daniel R Cavagnaro
- College of Business and Economics, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Stephen B Broomell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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149
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Zanesco AP, Van Dam NT, Denkova E, Jha AP. Measuring mind wandering with experience sampling during task performance: An item response theory investigation. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7707-7727. [PMID: 39048861 PMCID: PMC11362314 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The tendency for individuals to mind wander is often measured using experience sampling methods in which probe questions embedded within computerized cognitive tasks attempt to catch episodes of off-task thought at random intervals during task performance. However, mind-wandering probe questions and response options are often chosen ad hoc and vary between studies with extant little guidance as to the psychometric consequences of these methodological decisions. In the present study, we examined the psychometric properties of several common approaches for assessing mind wandering using methods from item response theory (IRT). IRT latent modeling demonstrated that measurement information was generally distributed across the range of trait estimates according to when probes were presented in time. Probes presented earlier in time provided more information about individuals with greater tendency to mind wandering than probes presented later. Furthermore, mind-wandering ratings made on a continuous scale or using multiple categorical rating options provided more information about individuals' latent mind-wandering tendency - across a broader range of the trait continuum - than ratings dichotomized into on-task and off-task categories. In addition, IRT provided evidence that reports of "task-related thoughts" contribute to the task-focused dimension of the construct continuum, providing justification for studies conceptualizing these responses as a kind of task-related focus. Together, we hope these findings will help guide researchers hoping to maximize the measurement precision of their mind wandering assessment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Zanesco
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
| | - Nicholas T Van Dam
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ekaterina Denkova
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Amishi P Jha
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
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150
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Miller-Graff L, Maloney C, Beauvil LJ, Feuille MO. The effectiveness of a contextually grounded social emotional learning program in Haiti: A pilot cluster randomized control trial. J Sch Psychol 2024; 106:101349. [PMID: 39251310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2024.101349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Social emotional learning (SEL) has a robust evidence basis, but there remains a large gap in literature on the effectiveness of programs across educational settings in low- and middle-income countries and conflict-affected settings. The present study was a pilot trial aimed at evaluating the effects of a classroom based SEL program on dimensions of classroom climate and individual student social emotional skills. In the present study, fourth through sixth grade classrooms in 10 schools (N = 39 teachers, 75.68% female; N = 1048 students, 62.3% female) were randomly allocated to the SEL or wait-list control condition. The SEL program was associated with significant improvements in teacher reports of student achievement orientation (dr = 1.21) and responsible decision-making (dr = 0.49). There were no significant differences between conditions on peer sensitivity, teacher-pupil interactions, student interpersonal skills, or overall social emotional skills. Findings suggest that this community-developed, contextually relevant SEL curriculum may hold promise even in the context of ongoing adversity, including the COVID-19 pandemic and heightened insecurity due to political violence.
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