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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a heritable, multiorgan disease that impacts all tissues that normally express cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. While the importance of the airway microbiota has long been recognized, the intestinal microbiota has only recently been recognized as an important player in both intestinal and lung health outcomes for persons with CF (pwCF). Here, we summarize current literature related to the gut-lung axis in CF, with a particular focus on three key ideas: (i) mechanisms through which microbes influence the gut-lung axis, (ii) drivers of microbiota alterations, and (iii) the potential for intestinal microbiota remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E. Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover New Hampshire, USA
| | - George A. O’Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover New Hampshire, USA
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152
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Hoskins B, Wasuwanich P, Scheimann AO, Karnsakul W. Screening strategy for gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatobiliary cancers in cystic fibrosis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1121-1131. [PMID: 34616517 PMCID: PMC8465437 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i9.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on systematic review and meta-analysis, the risk for developing cancers in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is known to be significantly greater than in the general population, including site-specific cancers of the esophagus, small bowel, colon, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. An even higher risk has been found in patients who have severe CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genotypes or who have undergone organ transplantation and are immunosuppressed. The risk continues to rise as life expectancies steadily climb due to advancements in medical care and treatment for CF. The colorectal cancer risk is at such a high level that CF has now been declared a hereditary colon cancer syndrome by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. The CFTR gene has been strongly-associated with the development of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers and mortality in the CF population. Even CF carriers have shown an increased rate of GI cancers compared to the general population. Several limitations exist with the reported guidelines for screening of GI and hepatopancreatobiliary cancers in the CF population, which are largely universal and are still emerging. There is a need for more precise screening based on specific risk factors, including CFTR mutation, medical co-morbidities (such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, and diabetes mellitus), familial risks for each cancer, gender, age, and other factors. In this review, we propose changes to the guidelines for GI screening of patients with CF. With the development of CFTR modulators, additional studies are necessary to elucidate if there is an effect on cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Hoskins
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Paul Wasuwanich
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Ann O Scheimann
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Wikrom Karnsakul
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
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153
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Huang W, Dai M, Qiu T, Liang T, Xie J, Mi C, Zhao J, Chen W, Tian P, Zhang S, Zhang H. Novel lncRNA-HZ04 promotes BPDE-induced human trophoblast cell apoptosis and miscarriage by upregulating IP 3 R 1 /CaMKII/SGCB pathway by competitively binding with miR-hz04. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21789. [PMID: 34383983 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100376rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Normal pregnancy is essential for human reproduction. However, BaP (benzo(a)pyrene) and its metabolite BPDE (benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide) could cause dysfunctions of human trophoblast cells and might further induce miscarriage. Yet, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Herein, we identified a novel upregulated lnc-HZ04 and a novel downregulated miR-hz04 in villous tissues of unexplained recurrent miscarriage (RM) relative to those in healthy control tissues and also in BPDE-treated human trophoblast cells. Lnc-HZ04 directly and specifically bound with miR-hz04, diminished the reduction effects of miR-hz04 on IP3 R1 mRNA expression level and on IP3 R1 mRNA stability, and then activated the Ca2+ -mediated IP3 R1 /p-CaMKII/SGCB pathway, which further promoted trophoblast cell apoptosis. The miR-hz04 target site on lnc-HZ04 played crucial roles in these regulations. In normal trophoblast, relatively less lnc-HZ04 and more miR-hz04 suppressed this apoptosis pathway and gave normal pregnancy. After exposure to BPDE or in RM tissues, p53 was upregulated, which might promote p53-mediated lnc-HZ04 transcription. Relatively more lnc-HZ04 and less miR-hz04 activated this apoptosis pathway and might further induce miscarriage. BaP could also induce mice miscarriage by upregulating its corresponding murine apoptosis pathway. Therefore, BPDE-induced apoptosis of human trophoblast cells was associated with the occurrence of miscarriage. This work discovered the regulation roles of lnc-HZ04 and miR-hz04 and provided scientific and clinical understanding of the occurrence of unexplained miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Huang
- Research Center for Environment and Female Reproductive Health, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Dai
- Research Center for Environment and Female Reproductive Health, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Taotao Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenyang Mi
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingsong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weina Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huidong Zhang
- Research Center for Environment and Female Reproductive Health, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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154
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Sun X, Kong S, Jiang C, Jing R, Ju S, Cong H. Diagnostic Value of Circular RNA hsa_circ_0002874 Expression in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Gastric Cancer. Lab Med 2021; 53:65-70. [PMID: 34388244 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether circular RNA hsa_circ_0002874 could serve as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC). The expression level of hsa_circ_0002874 mean (interquartile range [IQR]) in the plasma of patients with GC, patients with benign gastric lesions, and healthy individuals was 3.482 (IQR, 1.524-9.048), 1.261 (IQR, 0.817-2.000), and 1.00 (IQR, 0.726-1.382), respectively, whereas there was no significant difference between the latter 2 groups. The plasma expression level of hsa_circ_0002874 was significantly correlated with tumor stage (U = 234.0; P < .001) and lymph node metastasis (U = 240.0; P < .001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the sensitivity of the combined determination of hsa_circ_0002874 and the serum markers CEA and CA19-9 was 95.8% in patients with GC compared with that of the healthy group and 93.0% compared with that of patients with benign gastric tumor lesions. The specificity of hsa_circ_0002874 in differentiating GC from benign lesions was 98.3%. The results showed that plasma hsa_circ_0002874 may prove to be a useful biomarker for auxiliary diagnosis, the grading of malignant neoplasms, and the prognostic prediction of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Sun
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shang Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Jing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Cong
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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155
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Prognostication of Primary Tumor Location in Early-Stage Nodal Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: An Analysis of the SEER Database. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163954. [PMID: 34439110 PMCID: PMC8392260 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic role of primary tumor location for clinical outcomes of patients with early-stage nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains uncertain. We evaluated the relationship between primary tumor site and overall survival (OS) in 9738 early-stage nodal DLBCL patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The primary site of the tumors was characterized as supradiaphragm and subdiaphragm according to the definition of lymph node distribution in the Ann Arbor staging. The OS was significantly better for patients of the supradiaphragm group (n = 6038) compared to the ones from the subdiaphragm group (n = 3655) (hazard ratio (HR) 1.24; 95%CI: 1.16-1.33; P < 0.001), and it was preserved after propensity score matching (PSM) (HR 1.15; 95% CI: 1.07-1.24; P < 0.001). Gene enrichment analyses demonstrated that the subdiaphragm group has an upregulated extracellular matrix (ECM)-related signaling, which reportedly can promote growth, invasion, and metastasis of the cancer, and downregulated interferon response, which is considered to have anti-tumor function. Our results indicate the two tumor locations (supradiaphragm and subdiaphragm) presented different prognostic implications for the overall survival, suggesting that the tumor's location could serve as a prognostic biomarker for early-stage nodal DLBCL patients.
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156
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TRPM2 Oxidation Activates Two Distinct Potassium Channels in Melanoma Cells through Intracellular Calcium Increase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168359. [PMID: 34445066 PMCID: PMC8393965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments are often characterized by an increase in oxidative stress levels. We studied the response to oxidative stimulation in human primary (IGR39) or metastatic (IGR37) cell lines obtained from the same patient, performing patch-clamp recordings, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) imaging, and RT-qPCR gene expression analysis. In IGR39 cells, chloramine-T (Chl-T) activated large K+ currents (KROS) that were partially sensitive to tetraethylammonium (TEA). A large fraction of KROS was inhibited by paxilline—a specific inhibitor of large-conductance Ca2+-activated BK channels. The TEA-insensitive component was inhibited by senicapoc—a specific inhibitor of the Ca2+-activated KCa3.1 channel. Both BK and KCa3.1 activation were mediated by an increase in [Ca2+]i induced by Chl-T. Both KROS and [Ca2+]i increase were inhibited by ACA and clotrimazole—two different inhibitors of the calcium-permeable TRPM2 channel. Surprisingly, IGR37 cells did not exhibit current increase upon the application of Chl-T. Expression analysis confirmed that the genes encoding BK, KCa3.1, and TRPM2 are much more expressed in IGR39 than in IGR37. The potassium currents and [Ca2+]i increase observed in response to the oxidizing agent strongly suggest that these three molecular entities play a major role in the progression of melanoma. Pharmacological targeting of either of these ion channels could be a new strategy to reduce the metastatic potential of melanoma cells, and could complement classical radio- or chemotherapeutic treatments.
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157
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Archangelidi O, Cullinan P, Simmonds NJ, Mentzakis E, Peckham D, Bilton D, Carr SB. Incidence and risk factors of cancer in individuals with cystic fibrosis in the UK; a case-control study. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 21:302-308. [PMID: 34348871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To assess cancer incidence in the UK cystic fibrosis (CF) population and determine the associated risk factors, we undertook a nested case-control study of patients with CF, registered with the UK CF Registry. Each case with a first reported cancer between 1999 and 2017 was matched with up to 4 controls: by age (±2-years) and year of cancer diagnosis. Conditional logistic regressions were adjusted for sex, lung function (FEV1%), CF related diabetes (CFRD), F508del status, transplant status, DIOS, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, meconium ileus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, pancreatic insufficiency, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, IV antibiotic days and BMI. Results: From 12,886 registered patients, 146 (1.1%) cases of malignancy were identified with 14.3% of cases occurring post solid organ transplant. Site of primary cancer was available for 98 patients: 22% were gastro-intestinal in origin (77% lower, 23% upper GI), 13% skin, 13% breast and 11% lymphomas/leukaemia. In univariable analysis, transplantation increased the odds of reporting any cancer by 2.46 times (95%CI: 1.3-4.6). CFRD also increased the odds of reporting any cancer (OR 2.35; CI: 1.37-4.0) and PPI use (OR 2.0; CI 1.28-3.19). In the multivariable models significant associations with CFRD and transplant remained, while PA infection, PPI use and being overweight showed increased, but statistically insignificant risks. The incidence of GI cancer was strongly associated with CFRD (OR=4.04; 1.47-11.1). Conclusions: We observed a high incidence of lower GI cancers in our cohort which was significantly affected by the presence of CFRD. Screening for gastrointestinal cancers could benefit patients at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Archangelidi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London; Amgem Ltd
| | - Paul Cullinan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London; Royal Brompton Hospital, London
| | - Nicholas J Simmonds
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London; Royal Brompton Hospital, London
| | | | | | - Diana Bilton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London; Royal Brompton Hospital, London
| | - Siobhán B Carr
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London; Royal Brompton Hospital, London.
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158
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Potassium and Chloride Ion Channels in Cancer: A Novel Paradigm for Cancer Therapeutics. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 183:135-155. [PMID: 34291318 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a collection of diseases caused by specific changes at the genomic level that support cell proliferation indefinitely. Traditionally, ion channels are known to control a variety of cellular processes including electrical signal generation and transmission, secretion, and contraction by controlling ionic gradients. However, recent studies had brought to light important facts on ion channels in cancer biology.In this review we discuss the mechanism linking potassium or chloride ion channel activity to biochemical pathways controlling proliferation in cancer cells and the potential advantages of targeting ion channels as an anticancer therapeutic option.
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159
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Cianci F, Verduci I. Transmembrane Chloride Intracellular Channel 1 (tmCLIC1) as a Potential Biomarker for Personalized Medicine. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11070635. [PMID: 34357102 PMCID: PMC8307889 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of potential pathological biomarkers has proved to be essential for understanding complex and fatal diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Ion channels are involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Moreover, loss of function and aberrant expression of ion channels and transporters have been linked to various cancers, and to neurodegeneration. The Chloride Intracellular Channel 1 (CLIC1), CLIC1 is a metamorphic protein belonging to a partially unexplored protein superfamily, the CLICs. In homeostatic conditions, CLIC1 protein is expressed in cells as a cytosolic monomer. In pathological states, CLIC1 is specifically expressed as transmembrane chloride channel. In the following review, we trace the involvement of CLIC1 protein functions in physiological and in pathological conditions and assess its functionally active isoform as a potential target for future therapeutic strategies.
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160
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Che X, Zhan J, Zhao F, Zhong Z, Chen M, Han R, Wang Y. Oridonin Promotes Apoptosis and Restrains the Viability and Migration of Bladder Cancer by Impeding TRPM7 Expression via the ERK and AKT Signaling Pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4340950. [PMID: 34285910 PMCID: PMC8275389 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4340950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oridonin is a powerful anticancer compound found in Rabdosia rubescens. However, its potential impact on bladder cancer remains uninvestigated. In this work, we aimed to detect the anticancer effect of oridonin on bladder cancer and explore the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS The anticancer activity of oridonin was assessed in vitro with a CCK8 assay, an annexin V-FITC apoptosis analysis, and colony formation and Transwell migration assays which were performed with the human bladder cancer cell line T24. Levels of apoptosis-related proteins, melastatin transient receptor potential channel 7 (TRPM7), and signaling molecules were examined in oridonin-treated T24 cells by western blotting or RT-PCR. Oridonin anticancer efficacy was further validated in vivo with a T24 xenograft mouse model. RESULTS Oridonin repressed the proliferative, colony-forming, and migratory capacities of T24 cells, triggered extensive apoptosis in vitro, and retarded tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, oridonin treatment significantly increased expression levels of p53 and cleaved caspase-3 and reduced expression of TRPM7, p-AKT, and p-ERK. CONCLUSION Oridonin exhibited outstanding antiproliferative and antimigratory effects on bladder cancer, and these effects were at least partially associated with targeting of TRPM7 through inactivation of the ERK and AKT signaling pathways. These findings provide insight for the clinical application of oridonin in bladder cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Che
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311 Hainan, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311 Hainan, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311 Hainan, China
| | - Zunhe Zhong
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311 Hainan, China
| | - Mianchuan Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311 Hainan, China
| | - Ruifa Han
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, 300211 Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311 Hainan, China
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161
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Detection of hypokalemia disorder and its relation with hypercalcemia in blood serum using LIBS technique for patients of colorectal cancer grade I and grade II. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:1081-1093. [PMID: 34173122 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer continues to be the most dangerous disease around the world; it causes electrolyte imbalance as well as metabolic changes. There is a complicated relationship between electrolyte disorder and cancer. Cancer patients commonly pass with abnormalities in serum electrolyte levels such as hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and hypercalcemia. So, these electrolyte imbalances indicate the existence of paraneoplastic processes and help come to a more informed prognosis. Hypokalemia is defined as a serum potassium concentration below 3.5 mmol/L and it is the second common electrolyte imbalance seen in patients with malignant diseases. In this paper, the contribution of serum potassium concentration to tumor progression was studied by applying a promising and non-invasive technique called laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). It was found that there is a correlation between hypokalemia and the colorectal cancer problem. Also, significant serum potassium concentration differences were detected among two different stages of the same cancer and also between two groups of the same stage of a cancer held in common but one of them suffers from hypercalcemia. In addition, the optimum conditions of LIBS setup were arranged such that it will be suitable to work with serum samples on glass substrate.
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162
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The downregulation of NCXs is positively correlated with the prognosis of stage II-IV colon cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:177. [PMID: 34127021 PMCID: PMC8204472 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Colon cancer (CC) is a very common gastrointestinal tumor that is prone to invasion and metastasis in the late stage. This study aims to observe the expression of Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCXs) and analyze the correlation between NCXs and the prognosis of CC. Methods Specimens of 111 stage II–IV CC patients were collected. We used western blotting, qPCR, and immunohistochemical staining to observe the distributions and expression levels of NCX isoforms (NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3) in CC and distal normal tissues. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess prognostic factors for patients. Results The expression of NCXs in most tumor specimens was lower than that in normal tissues. The NCX expression levels in tumor tissues from the primary tumor, local lymph node metastasis sites, and distant liver metastasis sites were increasingly significantly lower than those in normal tissues. The results of the Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the downregulation of any NCX isoform was closely related to the worse prognosis of advanced CC. Conclusion NCXs can be used as independent prognostic factors for CC. Our research results are expected to provide new targets for the treatment of CC.
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163
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Lubberding AF, Zhang J, Lundh M, Nielsen TS, Søndergaard MS, Villadsen M, Skovhøj EZ, Boer GA, Hansen JB, Thomsen MB, Treebak JT, Holst JJ, Kanters JK, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Jespersen T, Emanuelli B, Torekov SS. Age-dependent transition from islet insulin hypersecretion to hyposecretion in mice with the long QT-syndrome loss-of-function mutation Kcnq1-A340V. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12253. [PMID: 34112814 PMCID: PMC8192901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in KCNQ1, encoding the voltage-gated K+ channel Kv7.1, lead to long QT syndrome 1 (LQT1). LQT1 patients also present with post-prandial hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycaemia. In contrast, KCNQ1 polymorphisms are associated with diabetes, and LQTS patients have a higher prevalence of diabetes. We developed a mouse model with a LoF Kcnq1 mutation using CRISPR-Cas9 and hypothesized that this mouse model would display QT prolongation, increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and allow for interrogation of Kv7.1 function in islets. Mice were characterized by electrocardiography and oral glucose tolerance tests. Ex vivo, islet glucose-induced insulin release was measured, and beta-cell area quantified by immunohistochemistry. Homozygous mice had QT prolongation. Ex vivo, glucose-stimulated insulin release was increased in islets from homozygous mice at 12–14 weeks, while beta-cell area was reduced. Non-fasting blood glucose levels were decreased at this age. In follow-up studies 8–10 weeks later, beta-cell area was similar in all groups, while glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was now reduced in islets from hetero- and homozygous mice. Non-fasting blood glucose levels had normalized. These data suggest that Kv7.1 dysfunction is involved in a transition from hyper- to hyposecretion of insulin, potentially explaining the association with both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in LQT1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniek F Lubberding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Lundh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Svava Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathilde S Søndergaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Villadsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Z Skovhøj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Geke A Boer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob B Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten B Thomsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen K Kanters
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Jespersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe S Torekov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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164
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Mocci E, Kundu P, Wheeler W, Arslan AA, Beane-Freeman LE, Bracci PM, Brennan P, Canzian F, Du M, Gallinger S, Giles GG, Goodman PJ, Kooperberg C, Le Marchand L, Neale RE, Shu XO, Visvanathan K, White E, Zheng W, Albanes D, Andreotti G, Babic A, Bamlet WR, Berndt SI, Blackford AL, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Buring JE, Campa D, Chanock SJ, Childs EJ, Duell EJ, Fuchs CS, Gaziano JM, Giovannucci EL, Goggins MG, Hartge P, Hassan MM, Holly EA, Hoover RN, Hung RJ, Kurtz RC, Lee IM, Malats N, Milne RL, Ng K, Oberg AL, Panico S, Peters U, Porta M, Rabe KG, Riboli E, Rothman N, Scelo G, Sesso HD, Silverman DT, Stevens VL, Strobel O, Thompson IM, Tjonneland A, Trichopoulou A, Van Den Eeden SK, Wactawski-Wende J, Wentzensen N, Wilkens LR, Yu H, Yuan F, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Amundadottir LT, Li D, Jacobs EJ, Petersen GM, Wolpin BM, Risch HA, Kraft P, Chatterjee N, Klein AP, Stolzenberg-Solomon R. Smoking Modifies Pancreatic Cancer Risk Loci on 2q21.3. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3134-3143. [PMID: 33574088 PMCID: PMC8178175 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Germline variation and smoking are independently associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We conducted genome-wide smoking interaction analysis of PDAC using genotype data from four previous genome-wide association studies in individuals of European ancestry (7,937 cases and 11,774 controls). Examination of expression quantitative trait loci data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project followed by colocalization analysis was conducted to determine whether there was support for common SNP(s) underlying the observed associations. Statistical tests were two sided and P < 5 × 10-8 was considered statistically significant. Genome-wide significant evidence of qualitative interaction was identified on chr2q21.3 in intron 5 of the transmembrane protein 163 (TMEM163) and upstream of the cyclin T2 (CCNT2). The most significant SNP using the Empirical Bayes method, in this region that included 45 significantly associated SNPs, was rs1818613 [per allele OR in never smokers 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.82-0.93; former smokers 1.00, 95% CI, 0.91-1.07; current smokers 1.25, 95% CI 1.12-1.40, P interaction = 3.08 × 10-9). Examination of the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project data demonstrated an expression quantitative trait locus in this region for TMEM163 and CCNT2 in several tissue types. Colocalization analysis supported a shared SNP, rs842357, in high linkage disequilibrium with rs1818613 (r 2 = 0. 94) driving both the observed interaction and the expression quantitative trait loci signals. Future studies are needed to confirm and understand the differential biologic mechanisms by smoking status that contribute to our PDAC findings. SIGNIFICANCE: This large genome-wide interaction study identifies a susceptibility locus on 2q21.3 that significantly modified PDAC risk by smoking status, providing insight into smoking-associated PDAC, with implications for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Mocci
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Prosenjit Kundu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William Wheeler
- Information Management Services, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Alan A Arslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Emily White
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Ana Babic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William R Bamlet
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amanda L Blackford
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Julie E Buring
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erica J Childs
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric J Duell
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Boston Veteran Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael G Goggins
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Manal M Hassan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth A Holly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert C Kurtz
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - I-Min Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ann L Oberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Miquel Porta
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kari G Rabe
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Howard D Sesso
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ian M Thompson
- CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Hospital - Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Anne Tjonneland
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen and Danish Cancer Society Research Center Diet, Genes and Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, World Health Organization Collaborating Center of Nutrition, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Fangcheng Yuan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric J Jacobs
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen and Danish Cancer Society Research Center Diet, Genes and Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gloria M Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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165
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Romera-Giner S, Andreu Martínez Z, García-García F, Hidalgo MR. Common pathways and functional profiles reveal underlying patterns in Breast, Kidney and Lung cancers. Biol Direct 2021; 16:9. [PMID: 34039407 PMCID: PMC8152308 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is a major health problem which presents a high heterogeneity. In this work we explore omics data from Breast, Kidney and Lung cancers at different levels as signalling pathways, functions and miRNAs, as part of the CAMDA 2019 Hi-Res Cancer Data Integration Challenge. Our goal is to find common functional patterns which give rise to the generic microenvironment in these cancers and contribute to a better understanding of cancer pathogenesis and a possible clinical translation down further studies. Results After a tumor versus normal tissue comparison of the signaling pathways and cell functions, we found 828 subpathways, 912 Gene Ontology terms and 91 Uniprot keywords commonly significant to the three studied tumors. Such features interestingly show the power to classify tumor samples into subgroups with different survival times, and predict tumor state and tissue of origin through machine learning techniques. We also found cancer-specific alternative activation subpathways, such as the ones activating STAT5A in ErbB signaling pathway. miRNAs evaluation show the role of miRNAs, such as mir-184 and mir-206, as regulators of many cancer pathways and their value in prognoses. Conclusions The study of the common functional and pathway activities of different cancers is an interesting approach to understand molecular mechanisms of the tumoral process regardless of their tissue of origin. The existence of platforms as the CAMDA challenges provide the opportunity to share knowledge and improve future scientific research and clinical practice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13062-021-00293-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Romera-Giner
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center, 46012, Valencia, Spain.,ATOS Research & Innovation (ARI), 28037, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zoraida Andreu Martínez
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center, 46012, Valencia, Spain.,Foundation Valencian Institute of Oncology (FIVO), 46009, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco García-García
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center, 46012, Valencia, Spain.,Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute, ELIXIR-Spain (INB, ELIXIR-ES), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta R Hidalgo
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
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166
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Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the commonest inherited genetic disorder in Caucasians due to a mutation in the gene CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator), and it should be considered as an Inherited Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Syndrome. In the United States, physicians of CF Foundation established the “Developing Innovative Gastroenterology Speciality Training Program” to increase the research on CF in gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary diseases. The risk to develop a CRC is 5–10 times higher in CF patients than in the general population and even greater in CF patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy due to organ transplantation (30-fold increased risk relative to the general population). Colonoscopy should be considered the best screening for CRC in CF patients. The screening colonoscopy should be started at the age of 40 in CF patients and, if negative, a new colonoscopy should be performed every 5 years and every 3 years if adenomas are detected. For transplanted CF patients, the screening colonoscopy could be started at the age of 35, in transplanted patients at the age of 30 and, if before, at the age of 30. CF transplanted patients, between the age of 35 and 55, must repeat colonoscopy every 3 years. Our review draws attention towards the clinically relevant development of CRC in CF patients, and it may pave the way for further screenings and studies.
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167
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Levin M. Bioelectrical approaches to cancer as a problem of the scaling of the cellular self. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 165:102-113. [PMID: 33961843 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
One lens with which to understand the complex phenomenon of cancer is that of developmental biology. Cancer is the inevitable consequence of a breakdown of the communication that enables individual cells to join into computational networks that work towards large-scale, morphogenetic goals instead of more primitive, unicellular objectives. This perspective suggests that cancer may be a physiological disorder, not necessarily due to problems with the genetically-specified protein hardware. One aspect of morphogenetic coordination is bioelectric signaling, and indeed an abnormal bioelectric signature non-invasively reveals the site of incipient tumors in amphibian models. Functionally, a disruption of resting potential states triggers metastatic melanoma phenotypes in embryos with no genetic defects or carcinogen exposure. Conversely, optogenetic or molecular-biological modulation of bioelectric states can override powerful oncogenic mutations and prevent or normalize tumors. The bioelectrically-mediated information flows that harness cells toward body-level anatomical outcomes represent a very attractive and tractable endogenous control system, which is being targeted by emerging approaches to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave., Suite 4600, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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168
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Zhong X, Wen X, Chen L, Gu N, Yu X, Sui K. Long non-coding RNA KCNQ1OT1 promotes the progression of gastric cancer via the miR-145-5p/ARF6 axis. J Gene Med 2021; 23:e3330. [PMID: 33682985 PMCID: PMC8244094 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNA KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript one gene (KCNQ1OT1) has been reported to be involved in the progression of many types of human cancer, whereas its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the role of KCNQ1OT1 in GC. METHODS In total, 25 GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected. The expression of KCNQ1OT1, miR-145-5p and ARF6 in GC tissues and cell lines was detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction or western blotting. Bioinformatics analysis and a dual luciferase reporter assay were performed to determine the relationship between KCNQ1OT1 and miR-145-5p or miR-145-5p and ARF6. Gain- and loss-of function of KCNQ1OT1 and miR-145-5p were achieved to confirm their roles in GC cells. Cell counting kit-8, colony formation and flow cytometry assays were used to evaluate cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis. A xenograft tumor model was established with BGC803 tumor cells transfected with sh-KCNQ1OT1 or empty vector to determine the role of LINC01089 in vivo. RESULTS The expression levels of KCNQ1OT1 were markedly elevated in GC tissues and cells. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 inhibited GC tumor growth, reduced GC cell viability and colony formation, and induced GC cell apoptosis. The expression levels of miR-145-5p were significantly decreased in GC cells and correlated with the expression of KCNQ1OT1 in GC tumors. Moreover, KCNQ1OT1 directly binds with miR-145-5p, which is targeting ARF6. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 increased the expression levels of miR-145-5p. Inhibition of miR-145-5p increased the expression levels of KCNQ1OT1 and also attenuated the effects of knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 on the viability, proliferation and apoptosis of GC cells. In addition, overexpression of miR-145-5p reduced GC cell viability and colony formation and induced GC cell apoptosis, whereas overexpression of ARF6 attenuated the effects of overexpression of miR-145-5p on GC cell viability, colony formation and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS KCNQ1OT1 can promote GC progression through the miR-145-5p/ARF6 axis. KCNQ1OT1 may serve as a therapeutic target and a diagnostic biomarker of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongdong Zhong
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryZhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University)Zhuhai CityGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Xiaoyan Wen
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryZhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University)Zhuhai CityGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryZhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University)Zhuhai CityGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Ni Gu
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryZhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University)Zhuhai CityGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Xianchang Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryZhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University)Zhuhai CityGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Kang Sui
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryZhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University)Zhuhai CityGuangdong ProvinceChina
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Schiroli D, Marraccini C, Zanetti E, Ragazzi M, Gianoncelli A, Quartieri E, Gasparini E, Iotti S, Baricchi R, Merolle L. Imbalance of Mg Homeostasis as a Potential Biomarker in Colon Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040727. [PMID: 33923883 PMCID: PMC8073761 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidences support a correlation between magnesium (Mg) homeostasis and colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, the role of Mg and its transporters as diagnostic markers in CRC is still a matter of debate. In this study we combined X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy and databases information to investigate the possible correlation between Mg imbalance and CRC. METHODS CRC tissue samples and their non-tumoural counterpart from four patients were collected and analysed for total Mg level and distribution by X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy. We also reviewed the scientific literature and the main tissue expression databases to collect data on Mg transporters expression in CRC. RESULTS We found a significantly higher content of total Mg in CRC samples when compared to non-tumoural tissues. Mg distribution was also impaired in CRC. Conversely, we evidenced an uncertain correlation between Mg transporters expression and colon malignancies. DISCUSSION Although further studies are necessary to determine the correlation between different cancer types and stages, this is the first report proposing the measurement of Mg tissue localisation as a marker in CRC. This study represents thus a proof-of-concept that paves the way for the design of a larger prospective investigation of Mg in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Schiroli
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.S.); (E.Q.); (R.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Chiara Marraccini
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.S.); (E.Q.); (R.B.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0522-295057
| | - Eleonora Zanetti
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (E.Z.); (M.R.)
| | - Moira Ragazzi
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (E.Z.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Eleonora Quartieri
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.S.); (E.Q.); (R.B.); (L.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Gasparini
- Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Stefano Iotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Baricchi
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.S.); (E.Q.); (R.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Lucia Merolle
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.S.); (E.Q.); (R.B.); (L.M.)
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170
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Künzi L, Easter M, Hirsch MJ, Krick S. Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease in the Aging Population. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:601438. [PMID: 33935699 PMCID: PMC8082404 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.601438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The demographics of the population with cystic fibrosis (CF) is continuously changing, with nowadays adults outnumbering children and a median predicted survival of over 40 years. This leads to the challenge of treating an aging CF population, while previous research has largely focused on pediatric and adolescent patients. Chronic inflammation is not only a hallmark of CF lung disease, but also of the aging process. However, very little is known about the effects of an accelerated aging pathology in CF lungs. Several chronic lung disease pathologies show signs of chronic inflammation with accelerated aging, also termed “inflammaging”; the most notable being chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In these disease entities, accelerated aging has been implicated in the pathogenesis via interference with tissue repair mechanisms, alterations of the immune system leading to impaired defense against pulmonary infections and induction of a chronic pro-inflammatory state. In addition, CF lungs have been shown to exhibit increased expression of senescence markers. Sustained airway inflammation also leads to the degradation and increased turnover of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR). This further reduces CFTR function and may prevent the novel CFTR modulator therapies from developing their full efficacy. Therefore, novel therapies targeting aging processes in CF lungs could be promising. This review summarizes the current research on CF in an aging population focusing on accelerated aging in the context of chronic airway inflammation and therapy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Künzi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Public and Global Health, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Molly Easter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Meghan June Hirsch
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Gregory Fleming Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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171
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Screening of immunosuppressive cells from colorectal adenocarcinoma and identification of prognostic markers. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228002. [PMID: 33646276 PMCID: PMC8024875 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common type of gastrointestinal malignant tumour. Colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) – the most common type of CRC – is particularly dangerous. The role of the immune system in the development of tumour-associated inflammation and cancer has received increasing attention recently. Methods: In the present study, we compiled the expression profiles of 262 patients with complete follow-up data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database as an experimental group and selected 65 samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset (of which 46 samples were with M0) as a verification group. First, we screened the immune T helper 17 (Th17) cells related to the prognosis of COAD. Subsequently, we identified Th17 cells-related hub genes by utilising Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selector Operation (LASSO) regression analysis. Six genes associated with the prognosis in patients with COAD were identified, including: KRT23, ULBP2, ASRGL1, SERPINA1, SCIN, and SLC28A2. We constructed a clinical prediction model and analysed its predictive power. Results: The identified hub genes are involved in developing many diseases and closely linked to digestive disorders. Our results suggested that the hub genes could influence the prognosis of COAD by regulating Th17 cells’ infiltration. Conclusions: These newly discovered hub genes contribute to clarifying the mechanisms of COAD development and metastasis. Given that they promote COAD development, they may become new therapeutic targets and biomarkers of COAD.
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172
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Zhuang Z, Wang X, Huang M, Luo Y, Yu H. Serum calcium improved systemic inflammation marker for predicting survival outcome in rectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:568-579. [PMID: 34012650 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic inflammation markers have shown prognostic values with variability in rectal cancer. Considering the association of serum calcium with inflammation, we aimed to examine whether it could improve systemic inflammation markers for survival prediction. Methods We enrolled 508 patients with stage I to III rectal cancer who underwent curative resection. The cohort was grouped by corrected serum calcium (cCa), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and CaPLR (a score model combining cCa with PLR) for survival analysis. The LR (likelihood ratio) test and AIC (Akaike information criterion) were applied to compare models in survival prediction. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS). Results A total of 26.7% (136/508) patients reached recurrence after curative surgery. Both high cCa (HR 1.486; 95% CI, 1.018-2.171; P=0.040) and high PLR (HR 1.452; 95% CI, 1.059-1.991; P=0.021) were significantly associated with worse DFS. In model comparison, the AIC and LR were improved after cCa was added to PLR model in DFS prediction (AIC: 1,704.83 vs. 1,707.14 vs. 1,707.15; LR: 8.68 vs. 4.37 vs. 4.36; P=0.037). The CaPLR was developed for DFS prediction with adjusted HRs of 2.216 (95% CI, 1.256-3.909; P=0.006) and 1.679 (95% CI, 1.004-2.836; P=0.047) for high and intermediate score group respectively compared to low score group. A nomogram for predicting DFS was generated by using CaPLR and other clinical predictors, with a concordance index of 0.705 (95% CI, 0.620-0.789; P<0.001). Conclusions Serum calcium could improve systemic inflammation markers in survival prediction for patients with rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuokai Zhuang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijin Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxin Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huichuan Yu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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173
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J Burton S, Hachem C, Abraham JM. Luminal Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2021; 23:4. [PMID: 33758994 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-021-00806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW People with cystic fibrosis (CF) are living longer. General age-related and CF-specific gastrointestinal symptoms are increasingly recognized. In this article, we review the latest data on luminal gastrointestinal manifestations in CF. RECENT FINDINGS People with CF have increased incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and often prescribed proton-pump inhibitors (PPI). PPI use may increase risk of pulmonary exacerbations. Evidence to support gastric fundoplication to improve pulmonary outcomes is limited. Features of intestinal dysmotility are common. There are distinct differences in the gut microbiome in the CF population which may have clinical implications. CF is a possible hereditary digestive cancer syndrome, particularly in regard to colorectal cancer (CRC) with earlier incidence of CRC and advanced colonic neoplasia. Early screening colonoscopy is warranted in the CF population. Gastrointestinal manifestations in CF are prevalent across all digestive organs. More study on the effect of interventions for symptomatic treatment and cancer screening is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Burton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MI, USA
| | - Christine Hachem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MI, USA
| | - James M Abraham
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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174
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Shiozaki A, Marunaka Y, Otsuji E. Roles of Ion and Water Channels in the Cell Death and Survival of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:616933. [PMID: 33777930 PMCID: PMC7991738 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.616933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion and water channels were recently shown to be involved in cancer cell functions, and various transporter types have been detected in upper gastrointestinal tract (UGI) cancers. Current information on the expression and roles of these channels and transporters in the death and survival of UGI cancer cells was reviewed herein, and the potential of their regulation for cancer management was investigated. Esophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC) cells and tissues express many different types of ion channels, including voltage-gated K+, Cl-, and Ca2+, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which regulate the progression of cancer. Aquaporin (AQP) 1, 3, and 5 are water channels that contribute to the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and GC. Intracellular pH regulators, including the anion exchanger (AE), sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE), and vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPase), also play roles in the functions of UGI cancer cells. We have previously conducted gene expression profiling and revealed that the regulatory mechanisms underlying apoptosis in ESCC cells involved various types of Cl- channels, Ca2+ channels, water channels, and pH regulators (Shimizu et al., 2014; Ariyoshi et al., 2017; Shiozaki et al., 2017, 2018a; Kobayashi et al., 2018; Yamazato et al., 2018; Konishi et al., 2019; Kudou et al., 2019; Katsurahara et al., 2020, 2021; Matsumoto et al., 2021; Mitsuda et al., 2021). We have also previously demonstrated the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of their expression in ESCC patients, and shown that their pharmacological blockage and gene silencing had an impact on carcinogenesis, indicating their potential as targets for the treatment of UGI cancers. A more detailed understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying cell death and survival of UGI cancers may result in the application of cellular physiological methods as novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Institute for Clinical Physiology, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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175
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Srivastava P, Kane A, Harrison C, Levin M. A Meta-Analysis of Bioelectric Data in Cancer, Embryogenesis, and Regeneration. Bioelectricity 2021; 3:42-67. [PMID: 34476377 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2019.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental bioelectricity is the study of the endogenous role of bioelectrical signaling in all cell types. Resting potentials and other aspects of ionic cell physiology are known to be important regulatory parameters in embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer. However, relevant quantitative measurement and genetic phenotyping data are distributed throughout wide-ranging literature, hampering experimental design and hypothesis generation. Here, we analyze published studies on bioelectrics and transcriptomic and genomic/phenotypic databases to provide a novel synthesis of what is known in three important aspects of bioelectrics research. First, we provide a comprehensive list of channelopathies-ion channel and pump gene mutations-in a range of important model systems with developmental patterning phenotypes, illustrating the breadth of channel types, tissues, and phyla (including man) in which bioelectric signaling is a critical endogenous aspect of embryogenesis. Second, we perform a novel bioinformatic analysis of transcriptomic data during regeneration in diverse taxa that reveals an electrogenic protein to be the one common factor specifically expressed in regeneration blastemas across Kingdoms. Finally, we analyze data on distinct Vmem signatures in normal and cancer cells, revealing a specific bioelectrical signature corresponding to some types of malignancies. These analyses shed light on fundamental questions in developmental bioelectricity and suggest new avenues for research in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Srivastava
- Rye High School, Rye, New York, USA; Current Affiliation: College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Anna Kane
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Harrison
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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176
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Soares de Lima Y, Arnau-Collell C, Díaz-Gay M, Bonjoch L, Franch-Expósito S, Muñoz J, Moreira L, Ocaña T, Cuatrecasas M, Herrera-Pariente C, Carballal S, Moreno L, Díaz de Bustamante A, Castells A, Bujanda L, Cubiella J, Rodríguez-Alcalde D, Balaguer F, Castellví-Bel S. Germline and Somatic Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies New Candidate Genes Involved in Familial Predisposition to Serrated Polyposis Syndrome. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:929. [PMID: 33672345 PMCID: PMC7927050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is the most common and yet underdiagnosed colorectal polyposis syndrome. It is characterized by multiple and/or large colonic serrated polyps and a higher associated risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). The main objective of this study was to identify new candidate genes involved in the germline predisposition to SPS/CRC. Thirty-nine SPS patients from 16 families (≥2 patients per family) were recruited without alterations in well-known hereditary CRC genes, and germline and somatic whole-exome sequencing were performed. Germline rare variants with plausible pathogenicity, located in genes involved in cancer development, senescence and epigenetic regulation were selected. Somatic mutational profiling and signature analysis was pursued in one sample per family, when possible. After data filtering, ANXA10, ASXL1, CFTR, DOT1L, HIC1, INO80, KLF3, MCM3AP, MCM8, PDLIM2, POLD1, TP53BP1, WNK2 and WRN were highlighted as the more promising candidate genes for SPS germline predisposition with potentially pathogenic variants shared within families. Somatic analysis characterized mutational profiles in advanced serrated polyps/tumors, revealing a high proportion of hypermutated samples, with a prevalence of clock-like mutational signatures in most samples and the presence of DNA mismatch repair-defective signatures in some cases. In conclusion, we identified new candidate genes to be involved in familial SPS. Further functional studies and replication in additional cohorts are required to confirm the selected candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Soares de Lima
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.S.d.L.); (C.A.-C.); (L.B.); (S.F.-E.); (J.M.); (L.M.); (T.O.); (C.H.-P.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Coral Arnau-Collell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.S.d.L.); (C.A.-C.); (L.B.); (S.F.-E.); (J.M.); (L.M.); (T.O.); (C.H.-P.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Marcos Díaz-Gay
- Moores Cancer Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Laia Bonjoch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.S.d.L.); (C.A.-C.); (L.B.); (S.F.-E.); (J.M.); (L.M.); (T.O.); (C.H.-P.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Sebastià Franch-Expósito
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.S.d.L.); (C.A.-C.); (L.B.); (S.F.-E.); (J.M.); (L.M.); (T.O.); (C.H.-P.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Jenifer Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.S.d.L.); (C.A.-C.); (L.B.); (S.F.-E.); (J.M.); (L.M.); (T.O.); (C.H.-P.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.S.d.L.); (C.A.-C.); (L.B.); (S.F.-E.); (J.M.); (L.M.); (T.O.); (C.H.-P.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Teresa Ocaña
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.S.d.L.); (C.A.-C.); (L.B.); (S.F.-E.); (J.M.); (L.M.); (T.O.); (C.H.-P.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Miriam Cuatrecasas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Pathology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Tumor Bank-Biobank, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Cristina Herrera-Pariente
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.S.d.L.); (C.A.-C.); (L.B.); (S.F.-E.); (J.M.); (L.M.); (T.O.); (C.H.-P.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Sabela Carballal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.S.d.L.); (C.A.-C.); (L.B.); (S.F.-E.); (J.M.); (L.M.); (T.O.); (C.H.-P.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Lorena Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.S.d.L.); (C.A.-C.); (L.B.); (S.F.-E.); (J.M.); (L.M.); (T.O.); (C.H.-P.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (F.B.)
| | | | - Antoni Castells
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.S.d.L.); (C.A.-C.); (L.B.); (S.F.-E.); (J.M.); (L.M.); (T.O.); (C.H.-P.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Donostia-Instituto Biodonostia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), 20014 San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Joaquín Cubiella
- Gastroenterology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 32005 Ourense, Spain;
| | | | - Francesc Balaguer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.S.d.L.); (C.A.-C.); (L.B.); (S.F.-E.); (J.M.); (L.M.); (T.O.); (C.H.-P.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.S.d.L.); (C.A.-C.); (L.B.); (S.F.-E.); (J.M.); (L.M.); (T.O.); (C.H.-P.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (A.C.); (F.B.)
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177
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Palma AG, Soares Machado M, Lira MC, Rosa F, Rubio MF, Marino G, Kotsias BA, Costas MA. Functional relationship between CFTR and RAC3 expression for maintaining cancer cell stemness in human colorectal cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:627-641. [PMID: 33616840 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE CFTR mutations not only cause cystic fibrosis, but also increase the risk of colorectal cancer. A putative role of CFTR in colorectal cancer patients without cystic fibrosis has so far, however, not been investigated. RAC3 is a nuclear receptor coactivator that has been found to be overexpressed in several human tumors, and to be required for maintaining cancer stemness. Here, we investigated the functional relationship between CFTR and RAC3 for maintaining cancer stemness in human colorectal cancer. METHODS Cancer stemness was investigated by analysing the expression of stem cell markers, clonogenic growth and selective retention of fluorochrome, using stable transfection of shCFTR or shRAC3 in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. In addition, we performed pathway enrichment and network analyses in both primary human colorectal cancer samples (TCGA, Xena platform) and Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells including (1) CD133+ or CD133- side populations and (2) CFTRwt or CFTRmut cells (ConsensusPathDB, STRING, Cytoscape, GeneMANIA). RESULTS We found that the CD133+ side population expresses higher levels of RAC3 and CFTR than the CD133- side population. RAC3 overexpression increased CFTR expression, whereas CFTR downregulation inhibited the cancer stem phenotype. CFTR mRNA levels were found to be increased in colorectal cancer samples from patients without cystic fibrosis compared to those with CFTR mutations, and this correlated with an increased expression of RAC3. The expression pattern of a gene set involved in inflammatory response and nuclear receptor modulation in CD133+ Caco-2 cells was found to be shared with that in CFTRwt Caco-2 cells. These genes may contribute to colorectal cancer development. CONCLUSIONS CFTR may play a non-tumor suppressor role in colorectal cancer development and maintenance involving enhancement of the expression of a set of genes related to cancer stemness and development in patients without CFTR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Graciela Palma
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150. Cuerpo II, Piso 1, C1427ARO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mileni Soares Machado
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150. Cuerpo II, Piso 1, C1427ARO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Lira
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150. Cuerpo II, Piso 1, C1427ARO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Rosa
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150. Cuerpo II, Piso 1, C1427ARO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Rubio
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150. Cuerpo II, Piso 1, C1427ARO, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Marino
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Canales Iónicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, C1427ARO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Basilio Aristidis Kotsias
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Canales Iónicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, C1427ARO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Alejandra Costas
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150. Cuerpo II, Piso 1, C1427ARO, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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178
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Thavamani A, Salem I, Sferra TJ, Sankararaman S. Impact of Altered Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Cystic Fibrosis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020123. [PMID: 33671639 PMCID: PMC7926988 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal, multisystemic genetic disorder in Caucasians. Mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein are responsible for impairment of epithelial anionic transport, leading to impaired fluid regulation and pH imbalance across multiple organs. Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations in CF may begin in utero and continue throughout the life, resulting in a chronic state of an altered intestinal milieu. Inherent dysfunction of CFTR leads to dysbiosis of the gut. This state of dysbiosis is further perpetuated by acquired factors such as use of antibiotics for recurrent pulmonary exacerbations. Since the gastrointestinal microbiome and their metabolites play a vital role in nutrition, metabolic, inflammatory, and immune functions, the gut dysbiosis will in turn impact various manifestations of CF-both GI and extra-GI. This review focuses on the consequences of gut dysbiosis and its metabolic implications on CF disease and possible ways to restore homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Thavamani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.T.); (T.J.S.)
| | - Iman Salem
- Center for Medial Mycology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Thomas J. Sferra
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.T.); (T.J.S.)
| | - Senthilkumar Sankararaman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.T.); (T.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-844-1765
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179
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Chen Y, Zhang K, Yu Z, Wu J, Qiu Z. Long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA)-01317 suppresses human gastric cancer growth by inhibiting migration and invasion of cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:770-780. [PMID: 33594325 PMCID: PMC7868834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are strongly associated with several kinds of cancer, including gastric cancer. Here, we found significantly decreased lincRNA-01317 levels in cancer tissue compared with paracancer tissue of patients with gastric cancer, and lincRNA-01317 expression levels positively correlated with clinical survival rate. Furthermore, using a gastric cancer cell line and a xenograft mouse model, we found that transfection of a gastric cancer cell line with lincRNA-01317 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Finally, we demonstrated that lincRNA-01317 may target KCNQ1, as KCNQ1 was downregulated after transfection of cells with lincRNA-01317. This study aimed to assess lincRNA-01317 as a potential therapeutic target to treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China
- Department of General Surgery, Jiuting Hospital of Songjiang District155 Jiuxin Road, Shanghai 201615, P. R. China
| | - Kundong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China
| | - Zhilong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiuting Hospital of Songjiang District155 Jiuxin Road, Shanghai 201615, P. R. China
| | - Zhengjun Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China
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180
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Shiozaki A, Katsurahara K, Kudou M, Shimizu H, Kosuga T, Ito H, Arita T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Otsuji E. Amlodipine and Verapamil, Voltage-Gated Ca 2+ Channel Inhibitors, Suppressed the Growth of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:5400-5411. [PMID: 33566246 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-09645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The membrane transporters activated in cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the target of novel cancer therapies for gastric cancer. The present study investigated ion channel expression profiles in gastric CSCs (GCSCs). METHODS Cells strongly expressing CD44 were separated from MKN74 cells, a human gastric cancer cell line, by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and GCSCs were identified based on tumorsphere formation. Gene expression profiles in GCSCs were examined by a microarray analysis. RESULTS Among MKN74 cells, CD44 messenger RNA levels were higher in CSCs than in non-CSCs. These CSCs also exhibited resistance to cisplatin. The microarray analysis revealed that the expression of several genes related to voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), including CACNA2D1 and CACNB4, was upregulated. The cytotoxicities of the CACNA2D1 inhibitor amlodipine and the CACNB4 inhibitor verapamil were greater at lower concentrations in CSCs than in non-CSCs, and markedly reduced tumorsphere numbers. Tumor volumes were significantly smaller in a xenograft nude mouse model treated with amlodipine or verapamil in combination with cisplatin than in that treated with cisplatin alone. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that VGCCs play a role in maintaining CSCs, and demonstrated the potential of their specific inhibitors, amlodipine and verapamil, as targeted therapeutic agents against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Keita Katsurahara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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181
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Rizopoulos T, Assimakopoulou M. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in human colorectal cancer: evidence and perspectives. Histol Histopathol 2021; 36:515-526. [PMID: 33528023 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death in the civilized world. Transient receptor potential channels (TRPs) are a heterogeneous family of cation channels that play an important role in gastrointestinal physiology. TRPs have been linked with carcinogenesis in the colon and their role as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers is under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Rizopoulos
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Martha Assimakopoulou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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182
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Ramos KJ, Pilewski JM, Taylor-Cousar JL. Challenges in the use of highly effective modulator treatment for cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 20:381-387. [PMID: 33531206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen development of oral, small molecule therapies that address the basic cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein defect. Highly effective modulator treatment (HEMT) that is efficacious for a large majority of people living with cystic fibrosis (CF) promises to change the landscape of this chronic life-limiting disease. Some people living with CF have a CFTR genotype that renders them eligible for HEMT, but also have comorbidities that excluded them from the original Phase III clinical trials that led to US Food and Drug Administration approval. The purpose of this review is to address the use of HEMT in challenging situations, including initiation for those with advanced CF lung disease, and use after solid organ transplant, during pregnancy, and for individuals with CFTR-related disorders without a definitive diagnosis of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J Ramos
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Joseph M Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Taylor-Cousar
- Divisions of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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183
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Amiri M, Seidler UE, Nikolovska K. The Role of pH i in Intestinal Epithelial Proliferation-Transport Mechanisms, Regulatory Pathways, and Consequences. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:618135. [PMID: 33553180 PMCID: PMC7862550 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.618135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the maturation of intestinal epithelial cells along the crypt/surface axis, a multitude of acid/base transporters are differentially expressed in their apical and basolateral membranes, enabling processes of electrolyte, macromolecule, nutrient, acid/base and fluid secretion, and absorption. An intracellular pH (pHi)-gradient is generated along the epithelial crypt/surface axis, either as a consequence of the sum of the ion transport activities or as a distinctly regulated entity. While the role of pHi on proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis has been explored in cancer cells for some time, emerging evidence suggests an important role of the pHi in the intestinal stem cells (ISCs) proliferative rate under physiological conditions. The present review highlights the current state of knowledge about the potential regulatory role of pHi on intestinal proliferation and differentiation.
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184
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Mg 2+ Transporters in Digestive Cancers. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010210. [PMID: 33450887 PMCID: PMC7828344 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite magnesium (Mg2+) representing the second most abundant cation in the cell, its role in cellular physiology and pathology is far from being elucidated. Mg2+ homeostasis is regulated by Mg2+ transporters including Mitochondrial RNA Splicing Protein 2 (MRS2), Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M, Member 6/7 (TRPM6/7), Magnesium Transporter 1 (MAGT1), Solute Carrier Family 41 Member 1 (SCL41A1), and Cyclin and CBS Domain Divalent Metal Cation Transport Mediator (CNNM) proteins. Recent data show that Mg2+ transporters may regulate several cancer cell hallmarks. In this review, we describe the expression of Mg2+ transporters in digestive cancers, the most common and deadliest malignancies worldwide. Moreover, Mg2+ transporters’ expression, correlation and impact on patient overall and disease-free survival is analyzed using Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. Finally, we discuss the role of these Mg2+ transporters in the regulation of cancer cell fates and oncogenic signaling pathways.
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185
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Yang Z, Yuan L, Yang L, Peng S, Yang P, He X, Bao G. Association study between KCNQ1 and KCNQ1OT1 genetic polymorphisms and gastric cancer susceptibility and survival in a Chinese Han population: a case-control study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:156. [PMID: 33569458 PMCID: PMC7867909 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-8052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background The present study analyzed gene polymorphisms in the potassium voltage-gated channel KQT-like subfamily member 1 (KCNQ1) and the long noncoding RNA, KCNQ1OT1, and their impacts on genetic susceptibility and survival in a Chinese Han population with gastric cancer (GC). Methods We designed a case-control study that included 681 patients with GC and 756 healthy controls. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the KCNQ1 gene region and eight SNPs in the KCNQ1OT1 gene region were selected for further research. Results Among the 11 SNPs, we found no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies between GC patients and the healthy population. Hierarchical analysis by the log-additive model indicated that the KCNQ1 rs231348 CT genotype was significantly associated with an increased GC risk in individuals aged ≥55 years, regardless of gender. The KCNQ1OT1 rs231352 CC and rs7128926 AA genotypes increased the risk of GC in individuals with stage III/IV tumors larger than 5 cm in diameter. On evaluating the genotype polymorphism and survival analysis, we detected that the AA genotypes of the KCNQ1OT1 rs7128926 and rs7939976 polymorphisms presented a significant survival advantage over the GA/GG genotypes, especially in patients with the following characteristics: age >55, Helicobacter pylori infection, BMI >24, tumor in the non-cardia region with a diameter greater than 5 cm, clinical stage II, and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusions Our results suggest that the KCNQ1 rs231348 and KCNQ1OT1 rs231352 polymorphisms might be independent predictors of the risk of GC susceptibility depending on certain factors, such as the age of the individual and the tumor stage and diameter. Simultaneously, genotype polymorphism of the rs7128926 and rs7939976 loci of the KCNQ1OT1 gene independently predicted the recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijuan Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shujia Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xianli He
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoqiang Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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186
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Hallmarks of Health. Cell 2020; 184:33-63. [PMID: 33340459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Health is usually defined as the absence of pathology. Here, we endeavor to define health as a compendium of organizational and dynamic features that maintain physiology. The biological causes or hallmarks of health include features of spatial compartmentalization (integrity of barriers and containment of local perturbations), maintenance of homeostasis over time (recycling and turnover, integration of circuitries, and rhythmic oscillations), and an array of adequate responses to stress (homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, and repair and regeneration). Disruption of any of these interlocked features is broadly pathogenic, causing an acute or progressive derailment of the system coupled to the loss of numerous stigmata of health.
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187
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Cosme D, Estevinho MM, Rieder F, Magro F. Potassium channels in intestinal epithelial cells and their pharmacological modulation: a systematic review. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C520-C546. [PMID: 33326312 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00393.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several potassium channels (KCs) have been described throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Notwithstanding, their contribution to both physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions, as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), remains underexplored. Therefore, we aim to systematically review, for the first time, the evidence on the characteristics and modulation of KCs in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to identify studies focusing on KCs and their modulation in IECs. The included studies were assessed using a reporting inclusiveness checklist. From the 745 identified records, 73 met the inclusion criteria; their reporting inclusiveness was moderate-high. Some studies described the physiological role of KCs, while others explored their importance in pathological settings. Globally, in IBD animal models, apical KCa1.1 channels, responsible for luminal secretion, were upregulated. In human colonocytes, basolateral KCa3.1 channels were downregulated. The pharmacological inhibition of K2P and Kv influenced intestinal barrier function, promoting inflammation. Evidence suggests a strong association between KCs expression and secretory mechanisms in human and animal IECs. Further research is warranted to explore the usefulness of KC pharmacological modulation as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Cosme
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Estevinho
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases, and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Fernando Magro
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
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188
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Voltage-gated sodium channel Na v1.5 promotes tumor progression and enhances chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 500:119-131. [PMID: 33338532 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nav1.5, encoded by SCN5A, has been associated with metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we investigated the mechanism by which Nav1.5 regulates tumor progression and whether Nav1.5 influences chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in CRCs. CRC cases were evaluated for Nav1.5 expression. Elevated Nav1.5 expression was associated with poor prognosis in CRCs, whereas stage II/III patients with upregulated SCN5A expression could have better survival after receiving 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. In CRC cells, SCN5A knockdown reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion. According to RNA sequencing, SCN5A knockdown inhibited both the cell cycle and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition, Nav1.5 stabilized the KRas-calmodulin complex to modulate Ras signaling, promoting Ca2+ influx through the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger and Ca2+ release-activated calcium channel. Meanwhile, SCN5A knockdown increased the 50% inhibitory concentration to 5-FU by upregulating 5-FU-stimulated apoptosis in CRCs. In conclusion, Nav1.5 could progress to proliferation and metastasis through Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent Ras signaling in CRC, and it could also enhance 5-FU-stimulated apoptosis. Clinically, patients with stage II/III CRCs with elevated SCN5A expression demonstrated poor prognosis, yet those patients could benefit more from 5-FU-based chemotherapy than patients with lower SCN5A expression.
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189
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Abancens M, Bustos V, Harvey H, McBryan J, Harvey BJ. Sexual Dimorphism in Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:607909. [PMID: 33363037 PMCID: PMC7759153 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.607909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is found in males compared to females. Young women (18-44 years) with CRC have a better survival outcome compared to men of the same age or compared to older women (over 50 years), indicating a global incidence of sexual dimorphism in CRC rates and survival. This suggests a protective role for the sex steroid hormone estrogen in CRC development. Key proliferative pathways in CRC tumorigenesis exhibit sexual dimorphism, which confer better survival in females through estrogen regulated genes and cell signaling. Estrogen regulates the activity of a class of Kv channels (KCNQ1:KCNE3), which control fundamental ion transport functions of the colon and epithelial mesenchymal transition through bi-directional interactions with the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Estrogen also modulates CRC proliferative responses in hypoxia via the novel membrane estrogen receptor GPER and HIF1A and VEGF signaling. Here we critically review recent clinical and molecular insights into sexual dimorphism of CRC biology modulated by the tumor microenvironment, estrogen, Wnt/β-catenin signalling, ion channels, and X-linked genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Abancens
- Department of Molecular Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Viviana Bustos
- Departamento de Acuicultura y Recursos Agroalimentarios, Programa Fitogen, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Harry Harvey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jean McBryan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian J. Harvey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Centro de Estudios Cientificos CECs, Valdivia, Chile
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190
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WGCNA reveals key gene modules regulated by the combined treatment of colon cancer with PHY906 and CPT11. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:226138. [PMID: 32812032 PMCID: PMC7468096 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT11) is one of the most effective drugs for treating colon cancer, but its severe side effects limit its application. Recently, a traditional Chinese herbal preparation, named PHY906, has been proved to be effective for improving therapeutic effect and reducing side effects of CPT11. The aim of the present study was to provide novel insight to understand the molecular mechanism underlying PHY906-CPT11 intervention of colon cancer. Based on the GSE25192 dataset, for different three treatments (PHY906, CPT11, and PHY906-CPT11), we screened out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and constructed a co-expression network by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify hub genes. The key genes of the three treatments were obtained by merging the DEGs and hub genes. For the PHY906-CPT11 treatment, a total of 18 key genes including Eif4e, Prr15, Anxa2, Ddx5, Tardbp, Skint5, Prss12 and Hnrnpa3, were identified. The results of functional enrichment analysis indicated that the key genes associated with PHY906-CPT11 treatment were mainly enriched in ‘superoxide anion generation’ and ‘complement and coagulation cascades’. Finally, we validated the key genes by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and RT-PCR analysis, the results indicated that EIF4E, PRR15, ANXA2, HNRNPA3, NCF1, C3AR1, PFDN2, RGS10, GNG11, and TMSB4X might play an important role in the treatment of colon cancer with PHY906-CPT11. In conclusion, a total of 18 key genes were identified in the present study. These genes showed strong correlation with PHY906-CPT11 treatment in colon cancer, which may help elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of PHY906-CPT11 treatment in colon cancer.
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191
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Farah A, Kabbage M, Atafi S, Gabteni AJ, Barbirou M, Madhioub M, Hamzaoui L, Mohamed MA, Touinsi H, Kchaou AO, Chelbi E, Boubaker S, Abderrazek RB, Bouhaouala-Zahar B. Selective expression of KCNA5 and KCNB1 genes in gastric and colorectal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1179. [PMID: 33267786 PMCID: PMC7709444 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric and colorectal cancers are the most common malignant tumours, leading to a significant number of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Recently, increasing evidence has demonstrated that cancer cells exhibit a differential expression of potassium channels and this can contribute to cancer progression. However, their expression and localisation at the somatic level remains uncertain. In this study, we have investigated the expression levels of KCNB1 and KCNA5 genes encoding ubiquitous Kv2.1 and Kv1.5 potassium channels in gastric and colorectal tumours. Methods Gastric and colorectal tumoral and peritumoral tissues were collected to evaluate the expression of KCNB1 and KCNA5 mRNA by quantitative PCR. Moreover, the immunohistochemical staining profile of Kv2.1 and Kv1.5 was assessed on 40 Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) gastric carcinoma tissues. Differences in gene expression between tumoral and peritumoral tissues were compared statistically with the Mann-Whitney U test. The association between the clinicopathological features of the GC patients and the expression of both Kv proteins was investigated with χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests. Results The mRNA fold expression of KCNB1 and KCNA5 genes showed a lower mean in the tumoral tissues (0.06 ± 0.17, 0.006 ± 0.009) compared to peritumoral tissues (0.08 ± 0.16, 0.16 ± 0.48, respectively) without reaching the significance rate (p = 0.861, p = 0.152, respectively). Interestingly, Kv2.1 and Kv1.5 immunostaining was detectable and characterised by a large distribution in peritumoral and tumoral epithelial cells. More interestingly, inflammatory cells were also stained. Surprisingly, Kv2.1 and Kv1.5 staining was undoubtedly and predominantly detected in the cytoplasm compartment of tumour cells. Indeed, the expression of Kv2.1 in tumour cells revealed a significant association with the early gastric cancer clinical stage (p = 0.026). Conclusion The data highlight, for the first time, the potential role of Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 in gastrointestinal-related cancers and suggests they may be promising prognostic markers for these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azer Farah
- Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Biomolecules, LR16IPT08 Institute Pasteur Tunis, Tunis Belvédère- University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP74, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maria Kabbage
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory, LR11IPT05 Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salsabil Atafi
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institute Pasteur Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amira Jaballah Gabteni
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory, LR11IPT05 Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mouadh Barbirou
- Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Biomolecules, LR16IPT08 Institute Pasteur Tunis, Tunis Belvédère- University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP74, Tunis, Tunisia.,Center for Biomedical Informatics, Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mouna Madhioub
- Gastroenterology Department, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, 8000, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Lamine Hamzaoui
- Gastroenterology Department, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, 8000, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | | | - Hassen Touinsi
- Surgical Department, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, 8000, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | | | - Emna Chelbi
- Pathology Department, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, 8000, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Samir Boubaker
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institute Pasteur Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rahma Ben Abderrazek
- Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Biomolecules, LR16IPT08 Institute Pasteur Tunis, Tunis Belvédère- University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP74, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Balkiss Bouhaouala-Zahar
- Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Biomolecules, LR16IPT08 Institute Pasteur Tunis, Tunis Belvédère- University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP74, Tunis, Tunisia. .,Medical School of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
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192
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Tu J, Kuang Z, Xie X, Wu S, Wu T, Chen S. Prognostic and predictive value of a mRNA signature in peripheral T-cell lymphomas: A mRNA expression analysis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:84-95. [PMID: 33259129 PMCID: PMC7810961 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current international prognostic index is widely questioned on the risk stratification of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma and does not accurately predict the outcome for patients. We postulated that multiple mRNAs could combine into a model to improve risk stratification and helping clinicians make treatment decisions. In this study, the gene expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to screening genes in selected module which most closely related to PTCLs, and then built a mRNA signature using a LASSO Cox regression model and validated the prognostic accuracy of it. Finally, a nomogram was constructed and the performance was assessed. A total of 799 WGCNA‐selected mRNAs in black module were identified, and a mRNA signature which based on DOCK2, GSTM1, H2AFY, KCNAB2, LAPTM5 and SYK for PTCLs was developed. Significantly statistical difference can be seen in overall survival of PTCLs between low‐risk group and high‐risk group (training set:hazard ratio [HR] 4.3, 95% CI 2.4‐7.4, P < .0001; internal testing set:hazard ratio [HR] 2.4, 95% CI 1.2‐4.8, P < .01; external testing set:hazard ratio [HR] 2.3, 95% CI 1.10‐4.7, P = .02). Furthermore, multivariate regression demonstrated that the signature was an independently prognostic factor. Moreover, the nomogram which combined the mRNA signature and multiple clinical factors suggesting that predicted survival probability agreed well with the actual survival probability. The signature is a reliable prognostic tool for patients with PTCLs, and it has the potential for clinicians to implement personalized therapeutic regimen for patients with PTCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Tu
- Department of Oncology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Zhixing Kuang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Xiaoliang Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shizhen Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Shengchi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
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193
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McDonald D, Wu Y, Dailamy A, Tat J, Parekh U, Zhao D, Hu M, Tipps A, Zhang K, Mali P. Defining the Teratoma as a Model for Multi-lineage Human Development. Cell 2020; 183:1402-1419.e18. [PMID: 33152263 PMCID: PMC7704916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We propose that the teratoma, a recognized standard for validating pluripotency in stem cells, could be a promising platform for studying human developmental processes. Performing single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of 179,632 cells across 23 teratomas from 4 cell lines, we found that teratomas reproducibly contain approximately 20 cell types across all 3 germ layers, that inter-teratoma cell type heterogeneity is comparable with organoid systems, and teratoma gut and brain cell types correspond well to similar fetal cell types. Furthermore, cellular barcoding confirmed that injected stem cells robustly engraft and contribute to all lineages. Using pooled CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens, we showed that teratomas can enable simultaneous assaying of the effects of genetic perturbations across all germ layers. Additionally, we demonstrated that teratomas can be sculpted molecularly via microRNA (miRNA)-regulated suicide gene expression to enrich for specific tissues. Taken together, teratomas are a promising platform for modeling multi-lineage development, pan-tissue functional genetic screening, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella McDonald
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amir Dailamy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Justin Tat
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Udit Parekh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dongxin Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ann Tipps
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Prashant Mali
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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194
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Wang H, Wang DH, Yang X, Sun Y, Yang CS. Colitis-induced IL11 promotes colon carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2020; 42:557-569. [PMID: 33196831 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis increases the risk of colorectal cancer; however, the mechanism of the association between colitis and cancer remains largely unknown. To identify colitis-associated cancer promoting factors, we investigated gene expression changes caused by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. By analyzing gene expression profiles, we found that IL11 was upregulated in DSS-induced colitis tissue and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]-pyridine (PhIP)/DSS-induced colon tumours in mice as well as in human colorectal cancer. By characterizing the activation/phosphorylation of STAT3 (pSTAT3), we found that pSTAT3 was induced transiently in colitis, but maintained at higher levels from hyper-proliferative dysplastic lesions to tumours. Using the IL11 receptor (IL11Rα1) knockout mice, we found that pSTAT3 in the newly regenerated crypt epithelial cells in colitis is abolished in IL11Rα1+/- and -/- mice, suggesting that colitis-induced IL11 activates STAT3 in colon crypt epithelial cells. Moreover, colitis-promoted colon carcinogenesis was significantly reduced in IL11Rα1+/- and -/- mice. To determine the roles of the IL11 in colitis, we found that the inhibition of IL11 signalling by recombinant IL11 antagonist mutein during colitis was sufficient to attenuate colitis-promoted carcinogenesis. Together, our results demonstrated that colitis-induced IL11 plays critical roles in creating cancer promoting microenvironment to facilitate the development of colon cancer from dormant premalignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - David H Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Yuhai Sun
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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195
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Carson SW, Craven KE, Nauen D, Montemayor K, Yarchoan M, Burns WR, Merlo CA, West NE. Rapidly progressive metastatic cholangiocarcinoma in a postpartum patient with cystic fibrosis: a case report. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:298. [PMID: 33198722 PMCID: PMC7670772 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy that arises within the intrahepatic, perihilar, and/or extrahepatic bile ducts. Individuals with cystic fibrosis are at increased risk for gastrointestinal malignancies. The most common gastrointestinal malignancy in cystic fibrosis is colon cancer, but other gastrointestinal malignancies also occur at greater rates than the general population. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of a rapidly progressive metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in an individual with cystic fibrosis who was 5 months postpartum, incidentally found while undergoing a lung transplantation evaluation. CONCLUSION A heightened clinical awareness of gastrointestinal malignancies, beyond colon cancer, in individuals with cystic fibrosis is warranted. It remains unclear if pregnancy is an additional risk factor for gastrointestinal malignancies in cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara W Carson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument St 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Kelly E Craven
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Nauen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristina Montemayor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument St 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mark Yarchoan
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William R Burns
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian A Merlo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument St 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Natalie E West
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument St 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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196
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Barbirou M, Woldu HG, Sghaier I, Bedoui SA, Mokrani A, Aami R, Mezlini A, Yacoubi-Loueslati B, Tonellato PJ, Bouhaouala-Zahar B. Western influenced lifestyle and Kv2.1 association as predicted biomarkers for Tunisian colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1086. [PMID: 33172410 PMCID: PMC7656678 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed malignancy worldwide. The global burden is expected to increase along with ongoing westernized behaviors and lifestyle. The etiology of CRC remains elusive and most likely combines environmental and genetic factors. The Kv2.1 potassium channel encoded by KCNB1 plays a collection of roles in malignancy of cancer and may be a key factor of CRC susceptibility. Our study provides baseline association between Tunisian CRC and interactions between KCNB1 variants and lifestyle factors. METHODS A case-control study involving 300 CRC patients, and 300 controls was conducted Patients were carefully phenotyped and followed till the end of study. KCNB1 genotyping was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the clinical status, lifestyle and study polymorphisms association with CRC. RESULTS We noted significant gender association with CRC occurrence. Moreover, CRC risk increases with high meat and fat consumption, alcohol use and physical activity (PA). Carriage of rs1051296 A/G and both rs11468831 ins/del and del/del genotypes (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with CRC risk. Analysis according to gender reveals correlation of rs1051295 A/G, rs11468831 non ins/ins (p = 0.01) with CRC susceptibility regardless of patients' gender while rs3331 T/C (p = 0.012) was associated with females. Stratification study according to malignancy site; Rectal Cancer (RC) and Colon Cancer (CC), reveals increasing RC risk by gender and high meat and fat consumption, alcohol use and PA. However, additional association with high brine consumption was noted for CC. The rs1051295 A/G (p = 0.01) was associated with RC risk. Increased CC risk was associated with carriage of rs1051295 A/G, rs11168831 (del/del) and (ins/del) genotypes. CONCLUSION The risk of CRC increases with modifiable factors by Western influences on Tunisian lifestyle such as alcohol use, high fat consumption and possibly inadequate intake of vegetables. In addition, KCNB1 polymorphisms also markedly influence CRC susceptibility. Our study establishes key elements of a baseline characterization of clinical state, Western influenced lifestyle and KCNB1 variants associated with Tunisian CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouadh Barbirou
- Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Biomolecules, LR16IPT08 Institute Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP74, 1002, Tunis, Belvédère, Tunisia.,Center for Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Henok G Woldu
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, Biostatistics & Research Design Unit School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ikram Sghaier
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sinda A Bedoui
- Laboratory of Mycology Pathologies and Biomarkers Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Medical Oncology Division, Salah Azeiz Oncology Institute, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amina Mokrani
- Medical School of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Radhia Aami
- Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Biomolecules, LR16IPT08 Institute Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP74, 1002, Tunis, Belvédère, Tunisia
| | - Amel Mezlini
- Medical School of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Besma Yacoubi-Loueslati
- Laboratory of Mycology Pathologies and Biomarkers Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Medical Oncology Division, Salah Azeiz Oncology Institute, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Peter J Tonellato
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Balkiss Bouhaouala-Zahar
- Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Biomolecules, LR16IPT08 Institute Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP74, 1002, Tunis, Belvédère, Tunisia. .,Medical School of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
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197
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Ennour-Idrissi K, Dragic D, Issa E, Michaud A, Chang SL, Provencher L, Durocher F, Diorio C. DNA Methylation and Breast Cancer Risk: An Epigenome-Wide Study of Normal Breast Tissue and Blood. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113088. [PMID: 33113958 PMCID: PMC7690691 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential DNA methylation is a potential marker of breast cancer risk. Few studies have investigated DNA methylation changes in normal breast tissue and were largely confounded by cancer field effects. To detect methylation changes in normal breast epithelium that are causally associated with breast cancer occurrence, we used a nested case-control study design based on a prospective cohort of patients diagnosed with a primary invasive hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Twenty patients diagnosed with a contralateral breast cancer (CBC) were matched (1:1) with 20 patients who did not develop a CBC on relevant risk factors. Differentially methylated Cytosine-phosphate-Guanines (CpGs) and regions in normal breast epithelium were identified using an epigenome-wide DNA methylation assay and robust linear regressions. Analyses were replicated in two independent sets of normal breast tissue and blood. We identified 7315 CpGs (FDR < 0.05), 52 passing strict Bonferroni correction (p < 1.22 × 10-7) and 43 mapping to known genes involved in metabolic diseases with significant enrichment (p < 0.01) of pathways involving fatty acids metabolic processes. Four differentially methylated genes were detected in both site-specific and regions analyses (LHX2, TFAP2B, JAKMIP1, SEPT9), and three genes overlapped all three datasets (POM121L2, KCNQ1, CLEC4C). Once validated, the seven differentially methylated genes distinguishing women who developed and who did not develop a sporadic breast cancer could be used to enhance breast cancer risk-stratification, and allow implementation of targeted screening and preventive strategies that would ultimately improve breast cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoutar Ennour-Idrissi
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (D.D.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; (E.I.); (A.M.); (S.-L.C.); (F.D.)
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, de Biochimie Médicale et de Pathologie de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Dzevka Dragic
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (D.D.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; (E.I.); (A.M.); (S.-L.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Elissar Issa
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; (E.I.); (A.M.); (S.-L.C.); (F.D.)
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Annick Michaud
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; (E.I.); (A.M.); (S.-L.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Sue-Ling Chang
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; (E.I.); (A.M.); (S.-L.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Louise Provencher
- Centre des Maladies du sein du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Francine Durocher
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; (E.I.); (A.M.); (S.-L.C.); (F.D.)
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (D.D.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; (E.I.); (A.M.); (S.-L.C.); (F.D.)
- Centre des Maladies du sein du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-682-7511-84726
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198
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Wang Z, Wang Y, He Y, Zhang N, Chang W, Niu Y. Aquaporin-1 facilitates proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells via GRB7-mediated ERK and Ras activation. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2020; 24:253-259. [PMID: 33209198 PMCID: PMC7646557 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2020.1833985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer, one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract, is devoid of effective treatment owing to its highly invasive ability. Aquaporins (AQPs), transmembrane water channel proteins, has been shown to be involved in the malignancy of gastric cancer. This study aims to investigate the pathophysiological roles of AQP-1 in gastric cancer. We first demonstrated quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and found up-regulation of AQP-1 in gastric cancer cell lines. Additionally, silence of AQP-1 inhibited cell proliferation via decrease of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2). Moreover, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells were also suppressed by the interference of AQP-1. However, the tumorigenic mechanism of AQP-1 on gastric cancer is yet to be found. We demonstrated western blot analysis and found that knockdown of AQP-1 decreased protein expression of phospho (p)-GRB7 (growth factor receptor-bound protein 7) and led to a remarkable reduction of p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) via inactivation of RAS. In general, our findings indicated that AQP-1 facilitates proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells via GRB7-mediated ERK and Ras activation, illuminating a novel AQP-1-RAS/ERK molecular axis as regulator in gastric cancer progression and suggesting potential implications in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Wang
- Department of Digesting Internal Medicine, Changzhi City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Affiliated Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi City, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Digesting Internal Medicine, Changzhi City, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat, Affiliated Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Niu
- Department of Digesting Internal Medicine, Changzhi City, People's Republic of China
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199
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Schnipper J, Dhennin-Duthille I, Ahidouch A, Ouadid-Ahidouch H. Ion Channel Signature in Healthy Pancreas and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:568993. [PMID: 33178018 PMCID: PMC7596276 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.568993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths in United States and Europe. It is predicted that PDAC will become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths during the next decades. The development of PDAC is not well understood, however, studies have shown that dysregulated exocrine pancreatic fluid secretion can contribute to pathologies of exocrine pancreas, including PDAC. The major roles of healthy exocrine pancreatic tissue are secretion of enzymes and bicarbonate rich fluid, where ion channels participate to fine-tune these biological processes. It is well known that ion channels located in the plasma membrane regulate multiple cellular functions and are involved in the communication between extracellular events and intracellular signaling pathways and can function as signal transducers themselves. Hereby, they contribute to maintain resting membrane potential, electrical signaling in excitable cells, and ion homeostasis. Despite their contribution to basic cellular processes, ion channels are also involved in the malignant transformation from a normal to a malignant phenotype. Aberrant expression and activity of ion channels have an impact on essentially all hallmarks of cancer defined as; uncontrolled proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, sustained angiogenesis and promotion of invasion and migration. Research indicates that certain ion channels are involved in the aberrant tumor growth and metastatic processes of PDAC. The purpose of this review is to summarize the important expression, localization, and function of ion channels in normal exocrine pancreatic tissue and how they are involved in PDAC progression and development. As ion channels are suggested to be potential targets of treatment they are furthermore suggested to be biomarkers of different cancers. Therefore, we describe the importance of ion channels in PDAC as markers of diagnosis and clinical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Schnipper
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, UR-4667, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Isabelle Dhennin-Duthille
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, UR-4667, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Ahmed Ahidouch
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, UR-4667, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, UR-4667, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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200
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Niv Y, Ho SB, Rokkas T. Mucin Secretion in Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review. Dig Dis 2020; 39:375-381. [PMID: 33049746 DOI: 10.1159/000512268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucus protects the epithelium against invaders and toxic materials. Sticky and thick mucus is characteristic of CF. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review is to characterize the specific mucins secreted in the lung and intestinal tract of CF patients. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted up to December 31, 2019. The following terms were used: "cystic fibrosis" AND "mucin." Case-control studies comparing mucin expression in CF patients to healthy controls were included. RESULTS We found 741 eligible studies, 694 studies were rejected because they were performed in animals and not in full text, and 32 studies were excluded being editorials, duplications, review articles, meta-analysis, or not in English. Fifteen studies were eligible for our study, including 150 CF patients compared to 82 healthy controls, all fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The main mucin types expressed in the sinus submucosal glands, sputum, tracheobronchial surface epithelium, and lung submucosal glands were MUC5AC and MUC5B. Increase in the number of sinusoidal submucosal glands and expression of MUC5B was found in CF patients, but no such difference from healthy controls was found for the number of goblet cells in the surface epithelium nor in the expression of -MUC5AC. The opposite was found in the tracheobronchial surface epithelium and in the lungs. CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of MUC5AC in the surface epithelium and of MUC5B in the subepithelial glands may be the result of higher secretion rate of mucin into the lumen of the respiratory tract, causing mucus plaque, infection, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Niv
- Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Samuel B Ho
- Department of Clinical Research, MBRU College of Medicine, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Theodor Rokkas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henry Durant Medical Center, Athens, Greece
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