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Shamir R. Pediatric Issues in Times of Pandemia: From Infection to Nutritional Strategies. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022; 78 Suppl 1:5-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000522032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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152
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Therapeutic peptides: current applications and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:48. [PMID: 35165272 PMCID: PMC8844085 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 227.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide drug development has made great progress in the last decade thanks to new production, modification, and analytic technologies. Peptides have been produced and modified using both chemical and biological methods, together with novel design and delivery strategies, which have helped to overcome the inherent drawbacks of peptides and have allowed the continued advancement of this field. A wide variety of natural and modified peptides have been obtained and studied, covering multiple therapeutic areas. This review summarizes the efforts and achievements in peptide drug discovery, production, and modification, and their current applications. We also discuss the value and challenges associated with future developments in therapeutic peptides.
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Krishna N, Ramesh A, Hegde AM. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Mask-Wearing Behaviors During Covid-19 Pandemic Among Mangalore Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, awareness, and practice toward mask-wearing behaviors of Mangalore residents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.
Materials and Methods This survey was conducted at A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences in Mangalore. The questionnaire consisted of 18 questions that were prepared as an online form (Google Forms), and a total of 172 responses were received among the residents of Mangalore who visited the hospital.The questions were distributed based on knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the mask-wearing behaviors, and the distribution of responses was presented as frequency and percentages. Prior to the inception of the study, the nature and purpose of the study were explained to each respondent, and informed consent was obtained by all participants in this study.Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 23.
Results It was evident that the COVID-19 knowledge scores were found to be significantly associated with a lower likelihood of negative attitudes and potentially dangerous practices toward the COVID-19 epidemic in this study. These findings clearly indicate the importance of improving residents' COVID-19 knowledge via health education, which may also result in improvements in their attitudes and practices toward COVID-19.
Conclusion In summary, our findings suggest that Mangalore residents have fair knowledge and optimistic attitudes, despite the current lockdown measures undertaken during the second wave of COVID-19, The positivity rate in Mangalore has not reduced satisfactorily. Self-protection, testing, and vaccination would help to reduce the spread and mortality rate due to coronavirus. The residents of Mangalore should abide by the COVID -19 preventive measures and implement this knowledge into their daily practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhish Krishna
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed-to-be-University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Athul Ramesh
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed-to-be-University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Amitha M. Hegde
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed-to-be-University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Jajodia A, Jena A, Pasricha S, Goel S, Gupta G, Puri S. Pictorial Depiction of an Institutional Experience of Acute Abdominal Emergencies in Cancer Patients with COVID-19 Infection. JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL AND ABDOMINAL RADIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a diagnostic and management challenge to the clinician, which further gets heightened when patients present with abdominal complications in a cancer care center. The atypical manifestations of the disease provide a diagnostic conundrum to the radiologist and leave the pathologist in the perils of guiding further management to the clinician. Although previous literature shows gastrointestinal involvement in COVID-19, we present a case series of complicated subjects with clinical imaging as a pictorial essay and relevant pathology. The abdominal manifestations of COVID-19 are complicated in cancer patients where a variety of other differentials such as infiltration by metastatic disease and drug-related chemo toxicity effects must be taken into account, which may be ruled out by clinical workup, adequate imaging, and laboratory tests. This would help achieve better clinical acumen and modify management in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Jajodia
- Department of Radiology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | - Anuraag Jena
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Pasricha
- Department of Histopathology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, Delhi, India
| | - Shaifali Goel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, Delhi, India
| | - Gurudutt Gupta
- Department of Histopathology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Puri
- Department of Radiology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
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Bisanzio D, Reithinger R, Alqunaibet A, Almudarra S, Alsukait RF, Dong D, Zhang Y, El-Saharty S, Herbst CH. Estimating the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions to mitigate COVID-19 spread in Saudi Arabia. BMC Med 2022; 20:51. [PMID: 35125108 PMCID: PMC8818364 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) quickly controlled the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by implementing several non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including suspension of international and national travel, local curfews, closing public spaces (i.e., schools and universities, malls and shops), and limiting religious gatherings. The KSA also mandated all citizens to respect physical distancing and to wear face masks. However, after relaxing some restrictions during June 2020, the KSA is now planning a strategy that could allow resuming in-person education and international travel. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of NPIs on the spread of the COVID-19 and test strategies to open schools and resume international travel. METHODS We built a spatial-explicit individual-based model to represent the whole KSA population (IBM-KSA). The IBM-KSA was parameterized using country demographic, remote sensing, and epidemiological data. A social network was created to represent contact heterogeneity and interaction among age groups of the population. The IBM-KSA also simulated the movement of people across the country based on a gravity model. We used the IBM-KSA to evaluate the effect of different NPIs adopted by the KSA (physical distancing, mask-wearing, and contact tracing) and to forecast the impact of strategies to open schools and resume international travels. RESULTS The IBM-KSA results scenarios showed the high effectiveness of mask-wearing, physical distancing, and contact tracing in controlling the spread of the disease. Without NPIs, the KSA could have reported 4,824,065 (95% CI: 3,673,775-6,335,423) cases by June 2021. The IBM-KSA showed that mandatory mask-wearing and physical distancing saved 39,452 lives (95% CI: 26,641-44,494). In-person education without personal protection during teaching would have resulted in a high surge of COVID-19 cases. Compared to scenarios with no personal protection, enforcing mask-wearing and physical distancing in schools reduced cases, hospitalizations, and deaths by 25% and 50%, when adherence to these NPIs was set to 50% and 70%, respectively. The IBM-KSA also showed that a quarantine imposed on international travelers reduced the probability of outbreaks in the country. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the interventions adopted by the KSA were able to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of a vaccine. In-person education should be resumed only if NPIs could be applied in schools and universities. International travel can be resumed but with strict quarantine rules. The KSA needs to keep strict NPIs in place until a high fraction of the population is vaccinated in order to reduce hospitalizations and deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal Bisanzio
- RTI International, Washington, D.C., USA. .,Epidemiology and Public Health Division, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | | | | | | | - Reem F Alsukait
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Di Dong
- World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA
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The Public Health Governance of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Bibliometric Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020299. [PMID: 35206913 PMCID: PMC8872432 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2019 global outbreak of COVID-19 has had a huge impact on public health governance systems around the world. In response, numerous scholars have conducted research on public health governance in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper provides a bibliometric analysis of 1437 documents retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) core collection database, with 49,695 references. It analyses the research directions, countries of publications, core journals, leading authors and institutions and important publications. The paper also summarises research trends by analysing the co-occurrence of keywords, frequently cited documents and co-cited references. It summarises the global responses to COVID-19, including public health interventions and a range of supporting policies based on the features and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper provides comprehensive literary support and clear lines of research for future studies on the governance or regulation of public health emergencies.
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157
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Characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immunity and its potential applications and therapeutic prospects. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:150-157. [PMID: 34645940 PMCID: PMC8513558 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing pandemic that poses a great threat to human health worldwide. As the humoral immune response plays essential roles in disease occurrence and development, understanding the dynamics and characteristics of virus-specific humoral immunity in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients is of great importance for controlling this disease. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of the humoral immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection and further emphasize the potential applications and therapeutic prospects of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immunity and the critical role of this immunity in vaccine development. Notably, serological antibody testing based on the humoral immune response can guide public health measures and control strategies; however, it is not recommended for population surveys in areas with very low prevalence. Existing evidence suggests that asymptomatic individuals have a weaker immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas SARS-CoV-2-infected children have a more effective humoral immune response than adults. The correlations between antibody (especially neutralizing antibody) titers and protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection should be further examined. In addition, the emergence of cross-reactions among different coronavirus antigens in the development of screening technology and the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement related to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination should be given further attention.
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Vaculíková J, Hanková M. Risk Factors Affecting Mental Health During The Early Stages Of The Covid-19 Pandemic In High-Risk 50+ Population In The Czech Republic. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2022; 65:143-167. [PMID: 34435934 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2021.1939219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with key factors affecting mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results are based on the longitudinal representative 50+ population-based multi-country panel study Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in which representative samples of individuals in European countries plus Israel were collected. The goal is to turn the challenges of aging into opportunities as well as provide valid and reliable data for evidence-based policies. A total of 2,631 participants were interviewed by telephone in the Czech Republic during the initial stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. After a descriptive analysis showed that participants complied well with most preventative and protective COVID-19 measures, subsequent modeling using logistic regression analysis and a decision tree algorithm identified key determinants that have contributed to an understanding of variation in declared feelings of depression. We found that nervousness, previously unexperienced trouble with sleep, and self-rated health status before the COVID-19 outbreak and gender remained significant predictors of depression, from which statistically significant different categories concerning the percentage of depression could be formed. These identified potential risk factors should be considered in planning further supportive strategies for high-risk 50+ population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Vaculíková
- Research Centre of Faculty of Humanities, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Hanková
- Research Centre of Faculty of Humanities, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republic
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159
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Yang C, Qiu X, Fan H, Jiang M, Lao X, Zeng Y, Zhang Z. Coronavirus disease 2019: reassembly attack of coronavirus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:243-251. [PMID: 32316751 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1747602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There have been three major global outbreaks of acute respiratory disease caused by coronavirus in the last two decades. The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) first emerged in Wuhan, China, is the most dangerous, which spread to 163 countries and 6 continents and caused a major public health emergency worldwide. The outbreak is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated from bats, which spreads rapidly from human to human. As of 17 March 2020, there have been 179,112 confirmed cases and 7426 deaths worldwide, with a mortality rate of 4.1%. There is currently no effective treatment or approved vaccine, so isolating the source of infection and blocking the routes of transmission is important. In this article, we summarized the worldwide epidemic trend of COVID-19 and discussed its epidemiological characteristics, prevention and control measures. We hope this article could provide experience and help for global epidemic prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Province, PR China
| | - Xue Qiu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, PR China
| | - Haoran Fan
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, PR China
| | - Mei Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Lao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi MedicalUniversity, Nanning, Guangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yukeng Zeng
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, PR China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Province, PR China
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160
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Lee SS, Kim S, Yoo HM, Lee DH, Bae YK. Development of SARS-CoV-2 packaged RNA reference material for nucleic acid testing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:1773-1785. [PMID: 34958396 PMCID: PMC8711077 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid tests to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been performed worldwide since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. For the quality assessment of testing laboratories and the performance evaluation of molecular diagnosis products, reference materials (RMs) are required. In this work, we report the production of a lentiviral SARS-CoV-2 RM containing approximately 12 kilobases of its genome including common diagnostics targets such as RdRp, N, E, and S genes. The RM was measured with multiple assays using two different digital PCR platforms. To measure the homogeneity and stability of the lentiviral SARS-CoV-2 RM, reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) was used with in-house duplex assays. The copy number concentration of each target gene in the extracted RNA solution was then converted to that of the RM solution. Their copy number values are measured to be from 1.5 × 105 to 2.0 × 105 copies/mL. The RM has a between-bottle homogeneity of 4.80-8.23% and is stable at 4 °C for 1 week and at -70 °C for 6 months. The lentiviral SARS-CoV-2 RM closely mimics real samples that undergo identical pre-analytical processes for SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing. By offering accurate reference values for the absolute copy number of viral target genes, the developed RM can be used to improve the reliability of SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Soo Lee
- Bio-Metrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seil Kim
- Bio-Metrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Korea
- Convergent Research Center for Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Bio-Metrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Da-Hye Lee
- Bio-Metrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Young-Kyung Bae
- Bio-Metrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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161
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Beppu H, Fukuda T, Kawanishi T, Yasui F, Toda M, Kimura H, Nakamura Y, Nakamura Y, Kojima K, Ogawa H, Ishiwatari A, Kamei Y, Ogawa T, Abe Y, Endo M, Hanawa T, Mizobuchi R, Sugita C, Okamoto K, Hatakeyama S, Yamada T, Kohara M, Wakai S. Hemodialysis patients with coronavirus disease 2019: reduced antibody response. Clin Exp Nephrol 2022; 26:170-177. [PMID: 34487276 PMCID: PMC8419388 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-021-02130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) have an impaired immune response to pathogens, they are at higher risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, data on antibody production among HD patients with COVID-19 is scarce. Thus, we performed a retrospective cohort study evaluating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus two antibody (SARS-CoV-2) production within 1 month after COVID-19 onset in hospitalized patients on HD. METHODS SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels were quantified using an iFlash 3000 Chemiluminescence Immunoassay analyzer (Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd.) to detect IgG antibodies specific for the S1 subunit of the spike protein (IgG-S1). Propensity score matching was used to balance covariate distribution in HD and non-HD patients. From April 2020 to February 2021, antibody testing was performed on 161 hospitalized patients with symptomatic COVID-19. Of them, 34 HD patients were matched to 68 non-HD patients. RESULTS After propensity score matching, the median levels of IgG-S1 in the HD patients at 7-13 days after symptom onset were significantly lower than in non-HD patients, especially in those with severe disease. Among all patients, those with severe disease produced lower levels of IgG-S1 at 7-13 days compared with non-severe patients. CONCLUSION COVID-19 patients with severe disease, especially those undergoing HD, had lower IgG-S1 production in the second week of the disease. Thus, the increased risk of severe COVID-19 in HD patients may be, in part, due to a slow and reduced antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Beppu
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fukuda
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawanishi
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Yasui
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minami Toda
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kimura
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Kojima
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hina Ogawa
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ishiwatari
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuiko Kamei
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshie Ogawa
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Abe
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Endo
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohide Hanawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Mizobuchi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chise Sugita
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Okamoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tetsusya Yamada
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Wakai
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Logaras E, Billis A, Kokkinidis I, Ketseridou S, Fourlis A, Imprialos K, Tzotzis A, Doumas M, Bamidis P. Risk Assessment of COVID-19 Cases in Emergency Departments and Clinics with the Use of Real-World Data and Artificial Intelligence: Observational Study (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e36933. [DOI: 10.2196/36933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mohammed SA, Eid KM, Anyiam FE, Wadaaallah H, Muhamed MAM, Morsi MH, Dahman NBH. Liver injury with COVID-19: laboratory and histopathological outcome-systematic review and meta-analysis. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2022; 12:9. [PMID: 35096428 PMCID: PMC8781706 DOI: 10.1186/s43066-022-00171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been predominantly linked to respiratory distress syndrome, but hepatic injury has also been reported. The mechanism of liver injury is poorly understood.This review aimed to systematically review the current data through laboratory tests and liver tissue pathology to ascertain the correlation of liver involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection patients. METHODS The PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases were searched systematically. We included peer-reviewed published papers available online as clinical cases, cohort studies, and retrospective studies, for both in vitro and in vivo human studies. Independent extraction of the data was done by two independent authors. RESULTS A total of 15 articles were finally included in the systematic review process and meta-analysis after exclusion of studies that did not meet the eligibility criteria, summarized in a PRISMA flow diagram.The meta-analysis showed that patients with underlying abnormal liver function and/or histopathological finding had a statistically significant 8.08 times higher odds of severe COVID-19 outcomes when data from the individual studies were pooled (OR 8.08; 95% CI,3.43, 19.03; p = 0.00001). Five of these studies showed histopathological changes on autopsy from cases with severe COVID-19, and in four of these five studies, the histopathology was associated with a history of abnormal liver function after affection with COVID-19. SHORT CONCLUSION The study observed that the severity of COVID-19 was associated with more patients with aberrant liver function tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalid M Eid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Felix Emeka Anyiam
- Centre for Health and Development, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Hazem Wadaaallah
- Biomedical Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Maha Hosni Morsi
- Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
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Barbagallo D, Palermo CI, Barbagallo C, Battaglia R, Caponnetto A, Spina V, Ragusa M, Di Pietro C, Scalia G, Purrello M. Competing endogenous RNA network mediated by circ_3205 in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:75. [PMID: 35039944 PMCID: PMC8763136 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new member of the Betacoronaviridae family, responsible for the recent pandemic outbreak of COVID-19. To start exploring the molecular events that follow host cell infection, we queried VirusCircBase and identified a circular RNA (circRNA) predicted to be synthesized by SARS-CoV-2, circ_3205, which we used to probe: (i) a training cohort comprised of two pools of cells from three nasopharyngeal swabs of SARS-CoV-2 infected (positive) or uninfected (negative, UCs) individuals; (ii) a validation cohort made up of 12 positive and 3 negative samples. The expression of circRNAs, miRNAs and miRNA targets was assayed through real-time PCR. CircRNA-miRNA interactions were predicted by TarpMiR, Analysis of Common Targets for circular RNAs (ACT), and STarMir tools. Enrichment of the biological processes and the list of predicted miRNA targets were retrieved from DIANA miRPath v3.0. Our results showed that the predicted SARS-CoV-2 circ_3205 was expressed only in positive samples and its amount positively correlated with that of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) mRNA and the viral load (r values = 0.80952 and 0.84867, Spearman's correlation test, respectively). Human (hsa) miR-298 was predicted to interact with circ_3205 by all three predictive tools. KCNMB4 and PRKCE were predicted as hsa-miR-298 targets. Interestingly, the function of both is correlated with blood coagulation and immune response. KCNMB4 and PRKCE mRNAs were upregulated in positive samples as compared to UCs (6 and 8.1-fold, p values = 0.049 and 0.02, Student's t test, respectively) and their expression positively correlated with that of circ_3205 (r values = 0.6 and 0.25, Spearman's correlation test, respectively). We propose that our results convincingly suggest that circ_3205 is a circRNA synthesized by SARS-CoV-2 upon host cell infection and that it may behave as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), sponging hsa-miR-298 and contributing to the upregulation of KCNMB4 and PRKCE mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Concetta Ilenia Palermo
- U.O.C. Laboratory Analysis Unit, A.O.U. Policlinico‑Vittorio Emanuele, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalia Battaglia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Caponnetto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Vittoria Spina
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Guido Scalia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Purrello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
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165
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Mental stress in health care professionals during COVID-19 outbreak. Ir J Med Sci 2022; 191:2681-2687. [PMID: 35031938 PMCID: PMC8760081 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02880-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background In December 2019, an outbreak of novel corona virus pneumonia occurred in Wuhan City, China, and spread throughout the whole of country in a short period. Figures from China’s National Health Commission show that more than 3300 health care workers have been infected as of early March. In Italy, 20% of responding health care professionals was infected, and some have died. Health care professionals are exposed to different types of stress both physical and psychological in response to this serious infectious public health event. Research aims The aim of this study is to measure the degree of mental stress among front line health care workers dealing with COVID-19 patients. Methods We conducted the study through online survey questionnaire after obtaining the ethics approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Galway University Hospital in Ireland (Ref: C.A. 2355). All personal information of the medical staff involved in the survey has been kept confidential. Results Three hundred nine health care members (209 male and 97 female) have agreed to participate in our survey from different hospitals and different specialties all over the world. Overall PSS Score: mean 19.42 (Standard Deviation ± 5.876, range 1–33). Frontline health care workers working in University Hospitals and tertiary referral centres had lower levels of stress compared to those working in peripheral hospitals (P = 0.007, Kruskal Wallis). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most stressful events that a health care worker may face during his life time. Most of the participants in the survey developed a moderate degree of stress.
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166
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Maya S, Padda G, Close V, Wilson T, Ahmed F, Marseille E, Kahn JG. Optimal strategies to screen health care workers for COVID-19 in the US: a cost-effectiveness analysis. COST EFFECTIVENESS AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION 2022; 20:2. [PMID: 35033100 PMCID: PMC8760578 DOI: 10.1186/s12962-021-00336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in health care facilities poses a challenge against pandemic control. Health care workers (HCWs) have frequent and high-risk interactions with COVID-19 patients. We undertook a cost-effectiveness analysis to determine optimal testing strategies for screening HCWs to inform strategic decision-making in health care settings. Methods We modeled the number of new infections, quality-adjusted life years lost, and net costs related to six testing strategies including no test. We applied our model to four strata of HCWs, defined by the presence and timing of symptoms. We conducted sensitivity analyses to account for uncertainty in inputs. Results When screening recently symptomatic HCWs, conducting only a PCR test is preferable; it saves costs and improves health outcomes in the first week post-symptom onset, and costs $83,000 per quality-adjusted life year gained in the second week post-symptom onset. When screening HCWs in the late clinical disease stage, none of the testing approaches is cost-effective and thus no testing is preferable, yielding $11 and 0.003 new infections per 10 HCWs. For screening asymptomatic HCWs, antigen testing is preferable to PCR testing due to its lower cost. Conclusions Both PCR and antigen testing are beneficial strategies to identify infected HCWs and reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in health care settings. IgG tests’ value depends on test timing and immunity characteristics, however it is not cost-effective in a low prevalence setting. As the context of the pandemic evolves, our study provides insight to health-care decision makers to keep the health care workforce safe and transmissions low. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12962-021-00336-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Maya
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Guntas Padda
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Close
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Fareeda Ahmed
- Stanford University Graduate School of Business, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elliot Marseille
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Health Strategies International, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - James G Kahn
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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167
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Boorgula SY, Yelamanchili S, Kottapalli P, Naga MD. An Update on Secondary Bacterial and Fungal Infections and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern (AMR) in COVID-19 Confirmed Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Lab Physicians 2022; 14:260-264. [PMID: 36119429 PMCID: PMC9473943 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has limited treatment options, concern has been raised over secondary infections and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns. It has been observed that patients who were infected with COVID-19 were predisposed to develop secondary infections. The purpose of the study is to ascertain the prevalence of the bacterial and fungal coinfections in COVID-19 patients, and also to assess the AMR patterns in the obtained isolates.
Methods
We have studied 200 clinical samples obtained from 122 COVID-19 positive patients. Pathogens were identified using Vitek 2 system. The demographic and clinical patterns were also observed.
Results
A total of 122 patients developed secondary infections. Patients aged more than 40 years were majorly affected (
p
-value < 0.0001). Respiratory samples (
n
= 96) were predominant.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(
n
= 68) was the most common pathogen isolated followed by
Acinetobacter baumannii
(
n
= 54) and an overall 6% rise in the Carbapenem resistance was observed in the isolates.
Conclusion
To contain the secondary infections in COVID-19 patients, it is imperative to adhere to antimicrobial stewardship program and timely revise the empirical antibiotic policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohini D. Naga
- Department of Microbiology, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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168
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Wu D, Kolesnikov A, Yin R, Guest JD, Gowthaman R, Shmelev A, Serdyuk Y, Dianov DV, Efimov GA, Pierce BG, Mariuzza RA. Structural assessment of HLA-A2-restricted SARS-CoV-2 spike epitopes recognized by public and private T-cell receptors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:19. [PMID: 35013235 PMCID: PMC8748687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells play a vital role in combatting SARS-CoV-2 and forming long-term memory responses. Whereas extensive structural information is available on neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, such information on SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) bound to their peptide-MHC targets is lacking. Here we determine the structures of a public and a private TCR from COVID-19 convalescent patients in complex with HLA-A2 and two SARS-CoV-2 spike protein epitopes (YLQ and RLQ). The structures reveal the basis for selection of particular TRAV and TRBV germline genes by the public but not the private TCR, and for the ability of the TCRs to recognize natural variants of RLQ but not YLQ. Neither TCR recognizes homologous epitopes from human seasonal coronaviruses. By elucidating the mechanism for TCR recognition of an immunodominant yet variable epitope (YLQ) and a conserved but less commonly targeted epitope (RLQ), this study can inform prospective efforts to design vaccines to elicit pan-coronavirus immunity.
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MESH Headings
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/virology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- HLA-A2 Antigen/chemistry
- HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology
- HLA-A2 Antigen/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Immunodominant Epitopes/metabolism
- Jurkat Cells
- K562 Cells
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/immunology
- Peptides/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2/physiology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Surface Plasmon Resonance/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichao Wu
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Alexander Kolesnikov
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Rui Yin
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Johnathan D Guest
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ragul Gowthaman
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Anton Shmelev
- National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana Serdyuk
- National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Brian G Pierce
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Roy A Mariuzza
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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169
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Ikeda N, Wada H, Ichikawa Y, Ezaki M, Tanaka M, Hiromori S, Shiraki K, Moritani I, Yamamoto A, Shimpo H, Shimaoka M. D-dimer kit with a High FDP/D-Dimer Ratio is Useful for Diagnosing Thrombotic Diseases. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2022; 28:10760296211070584. [PMID: 34994210 PMCID: PMC8753237 DOI: 10.1177/10760296211070584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although D-dimer is a useful biomarker of thrombosis, there are many D-dimer kits, with high and low fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDP)/ D-dimer ratios. Methods Plasma D-dimer levels were measured using three different kits in critically ill patients to examine the usefulness of such measurements for detecting the thrombotic diseases and determining the correlation with the FDP and FDP/D-dimer ratio. Results Although three D-dimer kits showed marked utility for diagnosing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and peripheral arterial and venous thromboembolism (PAVTE), the D-dimer levels determined using the three kits varied among diseases. Indeed, one D-dimer kit showed a high FDP/D-dimer ratio, and another kit showed a low FDP/D-dimer ratio. D-dimer kit with low FDP/D-dimer ratio tended to have high cut-off values and low specificity for diagnosing DIC and PAVTE. In D-dimer kit with high FDP/D-dimer ratio, FDP/D-dimer ratios in patients with thrombosis was significantly higher than that in patients without thrombosis. Conclusion All three D-dimer kits show utility for detecting thrombotic diseases. However, the D-dimer levels determined using the kits varied due to differences in the FDP/D-dimer ratio. In combination with the FDP level, a D-dimer kit with a high FDP/D-dimer ratio may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Ikeda
- 36941Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan
| | - Hideo Wada
- 36941Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan
| | - Yuhuko Ichikawa
- 36941Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan
| | - Minoru Ezaki
- 36941Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan
| | - Motoko Tanaka
- 36941Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan
| | - Shinya Hiromori
- 36941Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan
| | - Katsuya Shiraki
- 36941Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan
| | - Isao Moritani
- 36941Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan
| | | | - Hideto Shimpo
- 36941Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan
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170
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Liu C, Piao H, Zhang T, Yang D, Li X, Tang X. Delayed Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Henan, China: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:881718. [PMID: 35685763 PMCID: PMC9171044 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.881718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the possible impact of lockdown policies on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients in Henan, China. Design Setting and Participants We collected data from the Henan Cancer Hospital, affiliated with Zhengzhou University. The monthly numbers of inpatient admissions from January 2014 to December 2019 were used to forecast the number of inpatient admissions in 2020, which was then compared to the actual number of patients admitted during the pandemic to evaluate how the actual number diverges from this forecast. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. Main Outcomes and Measures For specific diagnoses, treatment modalities, and age groups, we compared the changes in monthly admissions after the pandemic with the forecasted changes from the model. Results The observed overall monthly number of inpatient admissions decreased by 20.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 11.7-27.2%], 78.9% (95% CI, 77.3-80.4%), and 40.9% (95% CI, 35.6-45.5%) in January, February, and March 2020, respectively, as compared with those predicted using the ARIMA model. After the lockdown, visits for all treatment modalities decreased sharply. However, apparent compensation and recovery of the backlog appeared in later surgeries. As a result, the number of patients who underwent surgery in 2020 (30,478) was close to the number forecasted by the ARIMA model (30,185). In the same period, patients who received other treatments or underwent examinations were 106,074 and 36,968, respectively; the respective numbers that were forecasted by ARIMA were 127,775 and 60,025, respectively. These findings depict a decrease of 16.9 and 38.4% in patients who received other treatments or underwent examinations only, respectively. Regarding diagnosis, the reported incidence of various cancers decreased dramatically in February, with varying extent and speed of recovery. Conclusion and Relevance The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly delayed the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in Henan, China. Long-term research should be conducted to assess the future effects of lockdown policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Records, Office for DRGs (Diagnosis Related Groups), Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Heng Piao
- Department of Medical Records, Office for DRGs (Diagnosis Related Groups), Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongjian Yang
- Center for Medical Big Data, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Medical Records, Office for DRGs (Diagnosis Related Groups), Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiance Tang
- Department of Medical Records, Office for DRGs (Diagnosis Related Groups), Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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171
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Nassar A, Aboalshamat K, Alharbi R, Alharbi A, Alfozan A, Alahdal S, Aldehri S. The perception of evidence-based dentistry among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:S99-S105. [PMID: 36110818 PMCID: PMC9469449 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_575_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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172
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NAVEDA R, SEMINARIO MP, JANSON G, GARIB D. Concerns of orthodontic patients during the COVID-19 quarantine period. Dental Press J Orthod 2022; 27:e2220229. [PMID: 35416863 PMCID: PMC9005113 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.27.1.e2220229.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Quarantine protocols for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has modified orthodontic appointments. Objective: to evaluate self-reported experience and needs of orthodontic patients during the quarantine period without in-person appointments. Methods: Thirty patients, aged 8 to 21 years, under active orthodontic treatment were randomly selected. A phone call questionnaire including questions on physical and emotional impacts of the quarantine of COVID-19 was applied during the second month of Brazilian quarantine. Results: Sixteen percent of the patients reported pain related to the orthodontic appliance. Appliance breakage was observed in 23.33%. Twenty percent felt the need of an emergency orthodontic appointment and 3.33% visited a private practice. Moreover, 23% reported that even in an emergency need, they would not search for an appointment, preferring to communicate with the orthodontist by WhatsApp. Oral hygiene self-perception status showed improvement in 36.67% and worsening in 6.67% of the patients, while 56.66% reported maintenance of the same hygiene status. Sixty percent were concerned about the orthodontic treatment. General concerns were primary related to health and a possible extension of the quarantine time. Conclusions: During COVID-19 quarantine, orthodontic patients demonstrated a low frequency of orthodontic appliance interference in daily life, and most of them reported a maintenance of oral hygiene habits. The frequency of appliance related pain and breakage was 16.67% and 23.33%, respectively. Patients’ main concern during the quarantine period was the fear of getting sick and the uncertainness about the extension of the quarantine period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniela GARIB
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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173
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Ribeiro PC, da Cunha CJD, dos Santos ADOR, Lucarevschi BR, César ACG, Nascimento LFC. Association between exposure to air pollutants and hospitalization for SARS-Cov-2: an ecological time-series study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 141:e2022210. [PMID: 36197352 PMCID: PMC10065099 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0210.r2.09082022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollutants and illness by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection can cause serious pulmonary impairment. OBJECTIVE To identify a possible association between exposure to air pollutants and hospitalizations due to SARS-Cov-2. DESIGN AND SETTING Ecological time-series study carried out in Taubaté, Tremembé, and Pindamonhangaba in 2020 and 2021. METHODS Study with Sars-Cov-2 hospitalizations with information on hospitalization date, sex and age of the subjects, duration of hospitalization, type of discharge, and costs of these hospitalizations. Statistical analysis was performed through a negative binomial regression, with data on pollutant concentrations, temperature, air relative humidity, and hospitalization date. Coefficients obtained by the analysis were transformed into relative risk for hospitalization, which estimated hospitalizations excess according to an increase in pollutant concentrations. RESULTS There were 1,300 hospitalizations and 368 deaths, with a predominance of men (61.7%). These data represent an incidence rate of 250.4 per 100,000 inhabitants and 28.4% hospital lethality. Significant exposure (P value < 0.05) occurred seven days before hospital admission (lag 7) for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (relative risk, RR = 1.0124) and two days before hospital admission for PM2.5 (RR = 1.0216). A 10 μg/m3 in NO2 concentration would decrease by 320 hospitalizations and » US $ 240,000 in costs; a 5 μg/m3 in PM2.5 concentration would decrease by 278 hospitalizations and » US $ 190,000 in costs. CONCLUSION An association between exposure to air pollutants and hospital admission due to Sars-Cov-2 was observed with excess hospitalization and costs for the Brazilian public health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cristina Ribeiro
- MSc. Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program on Mechanical
Engineering, Department of Energy, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP),
Guaratinguetá (SP), Brazil
| | - Cristóvão José Dias da Cunha
- MSc. Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program on Mechanical
Engineering, Department of Energy, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP),
Guaratinguetá (SP), Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Rezende Lucarevschi
- MD, PhD. Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine,
Universidade de Taubaté (UNITAU), Taubaté (SP), Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Gobbo César
- PhD. Assistant Professor, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência
e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Campus Bragança Paulista (SP), Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Costa Nascimento
- MD, PhD. Researcher, Postgraduate Program on Mechanical
Engineering, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP), Guaratinguetá (SP),
Brazil; and Researcher, Postgraduate Program on Environmental Sciences,
Universidade de Taubaté (UNITAU), Taubaté (SP), Brazil
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174
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Almarghlani AA, Alshehri MA, Alghamdi AA, Sindi MA, Assaggaf MA, Al-Dabbagh NN. Infection-Control knowledge, attitude, practice and risk perception of occupational exposure to COVID-19 among dentists: A cross-sectional survey. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:1029-1037. [DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1459_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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175
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Koppolu P, Tanvir SB, Lingam AS, Noor MZ, Barakat A, Alwahibi MS, Almoallim H, Aqerban A, Noushad M, Niazi FH. Dental students and COVID 19: An online multinational survey on perception and knowledge. Ann Afr Med 2022; 21:91-97. [PMID: 35313412 PMCID: PMC9020637 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_149_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus is an emerging respiratory pathogen that causes coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), as per the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Objective: This study aimed to assess the state of awareness and extent of knowledge about COVID-19 among dental students from India, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 872 participants from December 2020 to January 2021. Random sampling was performed using an electronic questionnaire. One-way analysis of variance and independent sample t-test were performed to assess and compare the mean knowledge score between different demographic data. Results: Approximately 60% (n = 520) of the responders were women and 40% responders were men (n = 352). The responders were from Saudi Arabia (36.9%; n = 322), India (34.2%; n = 298), and Pakistan (28.8%; n = 252). The difference within the subgroups was statistically nonsignificant (P > 0.05), indicating that dental students of all subparameters possessed equal knowledge on COVID-19. Conclusions: Dental students possess sufficient knowledge about COVID-19, qualifying them at least to work in a medical ward. However, more emphasis must be placed on infection prevention and control policies such as hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, and pre- and postexposure prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Koppolu
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Bilal Tanvir
- Visiting Researcher, Center of Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amara Swapna Lingam
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Zakir Noor
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Barakat
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Saleh Alwahibi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Almoallim
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Aqerban
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh; Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Noushad
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Hussain Niazi
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Biomaterials Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Alenazy AES, Alabdulwahab K, Alabdulwahab F, Alanazi SIS. Cutaneous Manifestations and Types of skin affection Associated with COVID-19 Infection: A simple Review Article. ARCHIVES OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/5hmeaoudu6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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177
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Silfverberg T, Wahlin B, Carlson K, Cherif H. Impact of COVID-19 on patients treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A retrospective cohort study. Ups J Med Sci 2022; 127:8611. [PMID: 36120088 PMCID: PMC9447418 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v127.8611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe how coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects patients with hematological malignancies treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). METHODS This retrospective observational cohort study includes all patients with hematological malignancies treated with ASCT in Sweden from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020. Patients who subsequently tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) until 31 March 2021 were analyzed for morbidity, mortality, need for supportive care, and risk factors related to COVID-19. RESULTS This study identified 442 patients who underwent ASCT in Sweden in 2020, among whom 20 (4.5%) subsequently tested positive for COVID-19. The overall mortality was 15%, and the COVID-19-related mortality was 10% among the patients who contracted COVID-19. Six (35%) patients were hospitalized, of which four (24%) needed supplementary oxygen and two (12%) needed intensive care. The absolute risk of COVID-19-related mortality was 0.45%. CONCLUSIONS ASCT patients have a higher risk of severe outcome of COVID-19 compared to the normal population. However, the risks of death, inpatient care, oxygen therapy, and intensive care seem lower in this study compared to previous studies, possibly due to fewer mildly ill patients in other studies. The risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 appears to be comparable to that in the general population. This study suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic is not a strong argument for refraining from ASCT in the case of hematological malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Silfverberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Wahlin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Carlson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Honar Cherif
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kim Y, Lee H, Lee SK, Yang B, Choi H, Park DW, Park TS, Moon JY, Kim TH, Sohn JW, Yoon HJ, Kim SH. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is Associated with a More Symptomatic Burden and Severe Presentation of COVID-19: A Korean National COVID-19 Cohort Study. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2022; 256:209-214. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.256.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youlim Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Hospital, School of Medicine
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine
| | - Sun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine
| | - Bumhee Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine
| | - Hayoung Choi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital
| | - Dong Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine
| | - Tai Sun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine
| | - Ji-Yong Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine
| | - Jang Won Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine
| | - Ho Joo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine
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179
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Zhitny VP, Lyons M, Perloff A, Menezes J, Pistorio A, Baynosa R. OUP accepted manuscript. J Surg Case Rep 2022; 2022:rjac095. [PMID: 35355577 PMCID: PMC8963295 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 manifestations have been an ongoing evolving topic that has spread beyond its initial respiratory associations. Recently, there have been reports of COVID-19 infections found to be associated with vascular pathologies. Here, we describe a case of a fully vaccinated COVID-19 adult male with past medical history of purpura fulminans that presented with diffuse necrotic cutaneous tissue sequelae resulting in intensive care unit management and dry gangrene of upper extremity. On admission, it was found that the patient had decreased activity rather than quantity of coagulation pathway protein S. Early recognition and work up are essential in patients with known history of vascular disease and confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 positive polymerase chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Pavlovich Zhitny
- Correspondence address. School of Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, 5578 Victoria Regina Avenue, Las Vegas, NV 89139, USA. E-mail:
| | - Mitchell Lyons
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Andrea Perloff
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - John Menezes
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Ashley Pistorio
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Richard Baynosa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Debi H, Itu ZT, Amin MT, Hussain F, Hossain MS. Association of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer concentration on the severity of COVID-19 cases with or without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:83-93. [PMID: 34781810 PMCID: PMC8607539 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2002146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease that poses major public health risks. Fewer studies link high CRP and D-dimer levels to severe COVID-19 infection. Therefore, this study investigates the association of serum CRP and D-dimer concentration with COVID-19 severity in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. AREAS COVERED Relevant published articles were identified using electronic search engines, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, Science Direct, and Researchgate. A total of 29 articles reporting on 15,282 patients (4,733 diabetes and 10,549 non-diabetes) were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. RevMan V5.4, STATA V14 software, and SPSS V25 were used for the meta-analysis. Egger's regression and Begg-Mazumdar's test were used for assessing publication bias. The pooled result of all studies revealed that serum CRP (Standard mean difference (SMD) 0.41 mg/L; P < 0.0001; I2 93%) and D-dimer (SMD 0.32 mg/L; P < 0.0001; I2 83%) concentration was significantly higher in COVID-19 diabetic patients. The prevalence of COVID-19 infection was comparatively higher in male diabetic patients (OR 2.41; P < 0.00001; I2 88%). There was no publication bias. CRP and D-dimer rose with age in COVID-19 diabetic and non-diabetic patients. EXPERT OPINION Overall, the serum CRP and D-dimer concentration in COVID-19 diabetic patients was significantly higher than non-diabetic patients indicating severe illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoimonti Debi
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Zarin Tasnim Itu
- Department of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Tohidul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Fahad Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Salim Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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181
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Figueiredo EAB, Silva WT, Tsopanoglou SP, Vitorino DFDM, Oliveira LFLD, Silva KLS, Luz HDH, Ávila MR, Oliveira LFFD, Lacerda ACR, Mendonça VA, Lima VP, Mediano MFF, Figueiredo PHS, Rocha MOC, Costa HS. The health-related quality of life in patients with post-COVID-19 after hospitalization: a systematic review. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2022; 55:e0741. [PMID: 35352761 PMCID: PMC9053755 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0741-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Symptoms in post-COVID-19 patients who require hospitalization can persist for months, significantly affecting their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Thus, the present study aimed to discuss the main findings regarding HRQoL in post-COVID-19 patients who required hospitalization. An electronic search was performed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, LILACS, and Scopus databases, without date and language restrictions, until July 2021. Twenty-four articles were included in the analysis. It seems that HRQoL partially improved soon after hospital discharge, although the negative impact on HRQoL may persist for months. The physical and mental aspects are affected because patients report pain, discomfort, anxiety, and depression. The HRQoL of COVID-19 infected patients was worse than that of uninfected patients. Additionally, HRQoL seemed worse in patients admitted to the intensive care unit than in those who remained in the ward. Improvements in HRQoL after hospital discharge are independent of imaging improvement, and there seems to be no association between HRQoL after hospital discharge and disease severity on hospital admission. Many factors have been identified as determinants of HRQoL, with women and advanced age being the most related to worse HRQOL, followed by the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation and the need for intensive care. Other factors included the presence and number of comorbidities, lower forced vital capacity, high body mass index, smoking history, undergraduate education, and unemployment. In conclusion, these findings may aid in clinical management and should be considered in the aftercare of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabrina Pinheiro Tsopanoglou
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Pereira Lima
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Henrique Silveira Costa
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
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182
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Kardos AS, Simon J, Nardocci C, Szabó IV, Nagy N, Abdelrahman RH, Zsarnóczay E, Fejér B, Futácsi B, Müller V, Merkely B, Maurovich-Horvat P. The diagnostic performance of deep-learning-based CT severity score to identify COVID-19 pneumonia. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20210759. [PMID: 34889645 PMCID: PMC8722241 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20210759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of a deep-learning (DL)-based algorithm using chest computed tomography (CT) scans for the rapid diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as compared to the reference standard reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Methods: In this retrospective analysis, data of COVID-19 suspected patients who underwent RT-PCR and chest CT examination for the diagnosis of COVID-19 were assessed. By quantifying the affected area of the lung parenchyma, severity score was evaluated for each lobe of the lung with the DL-based algorithm. The diagnosis was based on the total lung severity score ranging from 0 to 25. The data were randomly split into a 40% training set and a 60% test set. Optimal cut-off value was determined using Youden-index method on the training cohort. Results: A total of 1259 patients were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of RT-PCR positivity in the overall investigated period was 51.5%. As compared to RT-PCR, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy on the test cohort were 39.0%, 80.2%, 68.0%, 55.0% and 58.9%, respectively. Regarding the whole data set, when adding those with positive RT-PCR test at any time during hospital stay or “COVID-19 without virus detection”, as final diagnosis to the true positive cases, specificity increased from 80.3% to 88.1% and the positive predictive value increased from 68.4% to 81.7%. Conclusion: DL-based CT severity score was found to have a good specificity and positive predictive value, as compared to RT-PCR. This standardized scoring system can aid rapid diagnosis and clinical decision making. Advances in knowledge: DL-based CT severity score can detect COVID-19-related lung alterations even at early stages, when RT-PCR is not yet positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sára Kardos
- Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Simon
- Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chiara Nardocci
- Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Norbert Nagy
- Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Emese Zsarnóczay
- Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Fejér
- Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Futácsi
- Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Müller
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Maurovich-Horvat
- Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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183
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Correia RM, Santos BC, Carvalho AAG, Areias LL, Kuramoto DAB, Pereda MR, Aidar ALES, Clezar CNB, Reicher ME, de Amorim JE, Flumignan RLG, Nakano LCU. Vascular complications in 305 severely ill patients with COVID-19: a cohort study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 141:e2022171. [PMID: 36541953 PMCID: PMC10065094 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0171.r2.17102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although an association has been made between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and microvascular disease, data on vascular complications (other than venous thromboembolism) are sparse. OBJECTIVE To investigate the vascular complications in severely ill patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and their association with all-cause mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING This cohort study was conducted at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS All 305 consecutive patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary university hospital from April 2 to July 17, 2021, were included and followed up for 30 days. RESULTS Of these, 193 (63.3%) were male, and the mean age was 59.9 years (standard deviation = 14.34). The mortality rate was 56.3% (172 patients), and 72 (23.6%) patients developed at least one vascular complication during the follow-up period. Vascular complications were more prevalent in the non-survivors (28.5%) than in the survivors (17.3%) group and included disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC, 10.8%), deep vein thrombosis (8.2%), acrocyanosis (7.5%), and necrosis of the extremities (2%). DIC (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-5.24, P = 0.046) and acrocyanosis (aOR 5.21, 95% CI 1.48-18.27, P = 0.009) were significantly more prevalent in the non-survivors than in the survivors group. CONCLUSION Vascular complications in critically ill COVID-19 patients are common (23.6%) and can be closely related to the mortality rate (56.3%) until 30 days after ICU admission. Macrovascular complications have direct implications for mortality, which is the main outcome of the management of COVID-19. REGISTRATION RBR-4qjzh7 (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-4qjzh7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Mangabeira Correia
- MD. Master’s Student, Division of Vascular and Endovascular
Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Brena Costa Santos
- MD. Master’s Student, Division of Vascular and Endovascular
Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Ana Alyra Garcia Carvalho
- MD. Master’s Student, Division of Vascular and Endovascular
Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Libnah Leal Areias
- MD. Master’s Student, Division of Vascular and Endovascular
Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Danielle Akemi Bergara Kuramoto
- MD. Master’s Student, Division of Vascular and Endovascular
Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Mariana Raffo Pereda
- MD. Master’s Student, Division of Vascular and Endovascular
Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Ana Laura e Silva Aidar
- MD. Master’s Student, Division of Vascular and Endovascular
Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Caroline Nicacio Bessa Clezar
- MD. Doctoral Student, Division of Vascular and Endovascular
Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Marcello Erich Reicher
- MD, PhD. Affiliate Professor, Division of Vascular and
Endovascular Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo
(SP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Eduardo de Amorim
- MD, PhD. Adjunct Professor, Division of Vascular and
Endovascular Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo
(SP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronald Luiz Gomes Flumignan
- MD, PhD. Full Professor, Division of Vascular and Endovascular
Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Uta Nakano
- MD, PhD. Full Professor, Division of Vascular and Endovascular
Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), São Paulo,
Brazil
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184
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Muzammil I, Aqib AI, Tanveer Q, Muzmmal S, Naseer MA, Tahir M. COVID-19 diagnosis—myths and protocols. DATA SCIENCE FOR COVID-19 2022. [PMCID: PMC8988925 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90769-9.00027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belonging to betacoronaviruses, on the basis of sequence analysis, mainly infects the lower respiratory tract in humans while symptoms remain milder than to those of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has surprised the world with its rapid spread and potential virulence by compromising personal safety and economic perspectives. Its clinical diagnosis is mainly based on epidemiologic history, clinical manifestations, and auxiliary examinations including nucleic acid detection, computed tomographic scan, and immune identification technology. However, atypical signs and symptoms in patients and discrepancies in the identification techniques have also become the reason for the spread of the virus. Genetic mutations by the virus or sensitivity/specificity of diagnostic tests are becoming a major issue to report COVID-19. This chapter thus details the available diagnostic tests and their mechanisms and limitations, and finally, the approaches to identify COVID-19 with valid precision are discussed.
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185
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Hidalgo J, Rodríguez-Vega G, Pérez-Fernández J. The sudden appearance of SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 PANDEMIC 2022. [PMCID: PMC8175630 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-82860-4.00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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186
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D’Addario AC, Bustos CA, Cohen RV, Rullán Corna AF, Gómez PE, Torrisi RH, Di Salvo H, Herbstein JA, Remes Lenicov F, Maffia Bizzozero S. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by PCR in a series of corpses sent for autopsy. SPANISH JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE 2022. [PMCID: PMC8529260 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in the world, the COVID-19 pandemic broke out, affecting 185 countries. There have been numerous scientific publications presenting epidemiological, clinical, statistical, and microbiological data. The high mortality has implied the need for increasingly accurate data regarding the virus and its behaviour in the environment and, on the other hand, faced health teams with a serious problem in relation to the safe handling of corpses and the risks of transmission that this implies. The objective of this study was to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in corpses sent to the National Judicial Morgue that were not included in the definition of a suspected case submitted by the Argentine Ministry of Health. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were taken from 101 cadavers chosen randomly and based on inclusion criteria for detection of viral RNA using the RT-PCR technique. Of the cadavers included in the study, 16.8%, not classified as suspected cases of COVID-19, were tested for the presence of viral RNA in the samples collected.
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187
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Discovery of Highly Potent Fusion Inhibitors with Potential Pan-Coronavirus Activity That Effectively Inhibit Major COVID-19 Variants of Concern (VOCs) in Pseudovirus-Based Assays. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010069. [PMID: 35062273 PMCID: PMC8780828 DOI: 10.3390/v14010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the discovery of several highly potent small molecules with low-nM potency against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV; lowest half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50: 13 nM), SARS-CoV-2 (IC50: 23 nM), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV; IC50: 76 nM) in pseudovirus-based assays with excellent selectivity index (SI) values (>5000), demonstrating potential pan-coronavirus inhibitory activities. Some compounds showed 100% inhibition against the cytopathic effects (CPE; IC100) of an authentic SARS-CoV-2 (US_WA-1/2020) variant at 1.25 µM. The most active inhibitors also potently inhibited variants of concern (VOCs), including the UK (B.1.1.7) and South African (B.1.351) variants and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) originally identified in India in pseudovirus-based assay. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis with one potent inhibitor confirmed that it binds to the prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein trimer. These small-molecule inhibitors prevented virus-mediated cell-cell fusion. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) data for one of the most active inhibitors, NBCoV1, demonstrated drug-like properties. An in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) study of NBCoV1 in rats demonstrated an excellent half-life (t1/2) of 11.3 h, a mean resident time (MRT) of 14.2 h, and oral bioavailability. We expect these lead inhibitors to facilitate the further development of preclinical and clinical candidates.
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188
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Priyadarshini I, Chatterjee JM, Sujatha R, Jhanjhi N, Karime A, Masud M. Exploring Internet Meme Activity during COVID-19 Lockdown Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques. APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08839514.2021.2014218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishaani Priyadarshini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | | | - R. Sujatha
- School of Information Technology Engineering, Site, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Nz Jhanjhi
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sce, Taylor’s University, Malaysia
| | - Ali Karime
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mehedi Masud
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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189
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Kanthasamy V, J Schilling R. Incidence and Prognostic Impact of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Severe Covid-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Atr Fibrillation 2021; 14:20200457. [PMID: 34950368 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.20200457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) contributes to cardiovascular complications including arrhythmias due to high inflammatory surge. Nevertheless, the common types of arrhythmia amongst severe COVID-19 is not well described. New onset atrial fibrillation(NOAF) is frequentlyseen in critically ill patients and therefore we aim to assess the incidence of NOAF in severe COVID -19and its association with prognosis. Methods This is a retrospective multicentre study including 109 consecutive patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and definitive outcome (death or discharge). The study period was between 11th March and 5th May 2020. Results Median age of our population was 59 years (IQR 53-65) and 83% were men. Nearly three-fourth of the population had two or more comorbidities. 14.6% developed NOAF during ICU stay with increased risk amongst older age and with underlying chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease. NOAF developed earlier during the course of severe COVID-19 infection amongst non-survivors than those survived the illness andstrongly associated with increased in-hospital death (OR 5.4; 95% CI 1.7-17; p=0.004). Conclusions In our cohort with severe COVID-19, the incidence of new onset atrial fibrillation is comparatively lower than patients treated in ICU with severe sepsis in general. Presence of NOAF has shown to be a poor prognostic marker in this disease entity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard J Schilling
- St Bartholomew's Hospital,Barts Health NHS Trust, London.,NHS Nightingale Hospital, London
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190
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Santana RR, Barbosa BO, Soares JRDO, Colombo RM, Santos VR, Amaral RG, Andrade LN. A critical analysis about the supposed role of azithromycin in the treatment of covid-19. REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE 2021. [DOI: 10.21876/rcshci.v11i4.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
After over one year, the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has still affected millions of people. For this reason, global efforts to promote better treatment of covid-19 have been undertaken focused on the repurposing of existing medications.In Brazil, azithromycin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, has been used in association with other drugs as an immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral agent, regardless of bacterial co-infection. Indeed, data from experimental studies have demonstrated the capacity of this drug in reducing the production of infection-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. However, observational studies revealed conflicting results regarding its effect, whereas well-conducted clinical trials have not shown a considerable effect of this agent on the improvement of clinical outcomes. This narrative review addressed the possible role of this antibiotic in the management of covid-19, based on data from clinical and preclinical studies.
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191
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Khan S, Hasan SS, Bond SE, Conway BR, Aldeyab MA. Antimicrobial consumption in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021; 20:749-772. [PMID: 34895002 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2011719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the onset of the pandemic, prescribing antimicrobials has become a common practice to treat patients infected with COVID-19. AREAS COVERED A systematic literature search was performed in the electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, WHO COVID-19 database, including EMBASE, Scopus, WHO-COVID, LILACS, and Google Scholar to identify original articles published up to 31 July 2021. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence or proportion of antimicrobial consumption among COVID-19 patients. EXPERT OPINION We identified 43 original articles, 33 studies from high-income countries, six from upper-middle-income countries, and four from lower-middle-income countries. Most of the studies presented data from hospital or secondary health-care settings (n = 34). Included studies measured antimicrobial consumption as Daily Defined Doses (DDD) or day of therapy (DOT) or percentage. A total of 19 studies measured antimicrobial consumption as DDDs or DOT. Meta-analysis revealed an overall high antimicrobial consumption of 68% (95% CI: 60% to 75%). The subgroup analysis found a lower consumption in high-income countries (58%, 95% CI: 48% to 67%), compared with lower and middle-income countries (89%, 95% CI: 82% to 94%). High antimicrobial consumption found in COVID-19 patients demands implementation of appropriate antimicrobial stewardship interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Syed Shahzad Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Stuart E Bond
- Pharmacy Department, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | - Barbara R Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.,Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Mamoon A Aldeyab
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
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192
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Risk Factors of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-control Study. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.114631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: With the emergence and spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally, health care systems have faced the biggest challenge in recent decades. Objectives: The present study aimed to identify risk factors associated with oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in COVID-19 patients. Methods: The total number of confirmed COVID-19 patients was 218 (105 cases with OPC and 113 controls without OPC). The questionnaire used in this study consisted of demographic data, treatment strategy, clinical and laboratory data, and underlying diseases collected from the onset of clinical OPC until the end of hospitalization. Results: Pseudomembranous candidiasis (77/105, 73.3%) was the most prevalent form of OPC in case patients. The majority of the cases (58.1%) and controls (58.4%) were males. Increasing age (P = 0.03) and hospitalization length (P = 0.016) were significantly associated with OPC in COVID-19 patients. Diabetes (P = 0.003), solid tumor (P = 0.019), and hypertension (P = 0.000) were the most common underlying conditions. The use of dentures (P = 0.003) and poor oral hygiene (P = 0.000) were related to OPC in the case group. Therapy with chloroquine (P = 0.012), IVIG (P = 0.001), diuretics (P = 0.000), and corticosteroid pulse therapy (P = 0.000) were significantly associated with developing OPC in case patients. Conclusions: Old age, hospitalization length, poor oral hygiene, corticosteroids use, diabetes, solid tumor, and hypertension may predispose COVID-19 patients to develop OPC.
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193
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Baumann C, Rousseau H, Tarquinio C, Batt M, Tarquinio P, Lebreuilly R, Sorsana C, Legrand K, Guillemin F, Bourion-Bédès S. Effect of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown on mental health among post-secondary students in the Grand Est region of France: results of the PIMS-CoV19 study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19:265. [PMID: 34911529 PMCID: PMC8672153 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-021-01903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 epidemic has sent students around the world in to lockdown. This study sought to assess the prevalence of impaired self-perceived mental health and identify associated factors among French post-secondary students during the lockdown. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among French students living in the Grand Est area in France from May 7 to 17, 2020 during the first lockdown. An online survey was used to collect sociodemographic data, learning and teaching conditions, living conditions, and exposure to COVID-19, and self-perceived mental health was assessed with mental composite score (MCS) of the SF-12. RESULTS Overall, 4018 were analyzed. Most participants were female (70.7%), and the mean age was 21.7 years (SD 4.0). The mean MCS score was 44.5 (SD 17.3). Impaired mental health, defined by a MCS < 1st Quartile, was mainly associated with female sex; decreased time for learning; not having access to the outside with a garden, a terrace or a balcony; difficulties with the living situation and having someone in the home affected by the SARS-COV2 requiring hospitalization or not. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that living conditions during lockdown had a clear impact on the mental health of French post-secondary students. There is a need to improve prevention and to access distance education as well as an urgent need for measures to develop healthy coping strategies for students. This is significant challenge and will assist in moderating the risk for the development of further distress and mental health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Baumann
- EA4360 APEMAC, MICS Team, University of Lorraine, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
- Méthodology, Data Management and Statistic Unit, University Hospital of Nancy, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Hélène Rousseau
- Méthodology, Data Management and Statistic Unit, University Hospital of Nancy, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Cyril Tarquinio
- EA4360 APEMAC, MICS Team, University of Lorraine, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Martine Batt
- InterPsy, GRC Team, University of Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Pascale Tarquinio
- EA4360 APEMAC, MICS Team, University of Lorraine, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Karine Legrand
- EA4360 APEMAC, MICS Team, University of Lorraine, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Clinical Investigation Center, CIC-EC, University Hospital of Nancy, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Francis Guillemin
- EA4360 APEMAC, MICS Team, University of Lorraine, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Clinical Investigation Center, CIC-EC, University Hospital of Nancy, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Stéphanie Bourion-Bédès
- EA4360 APEMAC, MICS Team, University of Lorraine, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, 54520, Laxou, France
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194
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Benslimane FM, Al Khatib HA, Al-Jamal O, Albatesh D, Boughattas S, Ahmed AA, Bensaad M, Younuskunju S, Mohamoud YA, Al Badr M, Mohamed AA, El-Kahlout RA, Al-Hamad T, Elgakhlab D, Al-Kuwari FH, Saad C, Jeremijenko A, Al-Khal A, Al-Maslamani MA, Bertollini R, Al-Kuwari EA, Al-Romaihi HE, Al-Marri S, Al-Thani M, Badji RM, Mbarek H, Al-Sarraj Y, Malek JA, Ismail SI, Abu-Raddad LJ, Coyle PV, Thani AAA, Yassine HM. One Year of SARS-CoV-2: Genomic Characterization of COVID-19 Outbreak in Qatar. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:768883. [PMID: 34869069 PMCID: PMC8637114 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.768883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Qatar, a country with a strong health system and a diverse population consisting mainly of expatriate residents, has experienced two large waves of COVID-19 outbreak. In this study, we report on 2634 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences from infected patients in Qatar between March-2020 and March-2021, representing 1.5% of all positive cases in this period. Despite the restrictions on international travel, the viruses sampled from the populace of Qatar mirrored nearly the entire global population’s genomic diversity with nine predominant viral lineages that were sustained by local transmission chains and the emergence of mutations that are likely to have originated in Qatar. We reported an increased number of mutations and deletions in B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 lineages in a short period. These findings raise the imperative need to continue the ongoing genomic surveillance that has been an integral part of the national response to monitor the SARS-CoV-2 profile and re-emergence in Qatar.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ola Al-Jamal
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dana Albatesh
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ayeda A Ahmed
- Genomics Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Meryem Bensaad
- Genomics Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shameem Younuskunju
- Genomics Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasmin A Mohamoud
- Genomics Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mashael Al Badr
- National Reference Laboratory Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdalla A Mohamed
- National Reference Laboratory Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | - Fatima H Al-Kuwari
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chadi Saad
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Radja M Badji
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasser Al-Sarraj
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joel A Malek
- Genomics Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said I Ismail
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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195
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Erukainure OL, Atolani O, Muhammad A, Ravichandran R, Abarshi MM, Katsayal SB, Chukwuma CI, Preissner R, Banerjee P, Mesaik MA. Translational suppression of SARS-COV-2 ORF8 protein mRNA as a Viable therapeutic target against COVID-19: Computational studies on potential roles of isolated compounds from Clerodendrum volubile leaves. Comput Biol Med 2021; 139:104964. [PMID: 34688170 PMCID: PMC8524706 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The open reading frame 8 (ORF8) protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been implicated in the onset of cytokine storms, which are responsible for the pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection. The present study investigated the potential of isolated compounds from Clerodendrum volubile leaves to stall oxidative bursts in vitro and interact with ORF8 mRNA segments of the SARS-CoV-2 whole genome using computational tools. Five compounds, namely, harpagide, 1-(3-methyl-2-butenoxy)-4-(1-propenyl)benzene, ajugoside, iridoid glycoside and erucic acid, were isolated from C. volubile leaves, and their structures were elucidated using conventional spectroscopy tools. Iridoid glycoside is being reported for the first time and is thus regarded as a new compound. The ORF8 mRNA sequences of the translation initiation sites (TIS) and translation termination sites (TTSs) encoding ORF8 amino acids were retrieved from the full genome of SARS-CoV-2. Molecular docking studies revealed strong molecular interactions of the isolated compounds with the TIS and TTS of ORF8 mRNA. Harpagide showed the strongest binding affinity for TIS, while erucic acid was the strongest for TTS. The immunomodulatory potentials of the isolated compounds were investigated on neutrophil phagocytic respiratory bursts using luminol-amplified chemiluminescence technique. The compounds significantly inhibited oxidative burst, with 1-(3-methyl-2-butenoxy)-4-(1-propenyl)benzene having the best activity. Ajugoside and erucic acid showed significant inhibitory activity on T-cell proliferation. These results indicate the potential of C. volubile compounds as immunomodulators and can be utilized to curb cytokine storms implicated in COVID-19 infection. These potentials are further corroborated by the strong interactions of the compounds with the TIS and TTS of ORF8 mRNA from the SARS-CoV-2 whole genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L. Erukainure
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa,Corresponding author
| | | | - Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Rahul Ravichandran
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Musa M. Abarshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Sanusi B. Katsayal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Chika I. Chukwuma
- Center for Quality of Health and Living, Faculty of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Robert Preissner
- Institute for Physiology, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Institute for Physiology, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Ahmed Mesaik
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan,Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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196
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Sarwar S, Shahzad K, Fareed Z, Shahzad U. A study on the effects of meteorological and climatic factors on the COVID-19 spread in Canada during 2020. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:1513-1521. [PMID: 34306711 PMCID: PMC8284697 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has infected more than three million people, with thousands of deaths and millions of people into quarantine. In this research, the authors focus on meteorological and climatic factors on the COVID-19 spread, the main parameters including daily new cases of COVID-19, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), PM2.5, Ozone (O3), average temperature, and humidity are examined to understand how different meteorological parameters affect the COVID-19 spread in Canada? The graphical quantitative analysis results indicate that CO2 emissions, air quality, temperature, and humidity have a direct negative relationship with COVID-19 infections. Quantile regression analysis revealed that air quality, Nitrogen, and Ozone significantly induce the COVID-19 spread across Canadian provinces. The findings of this study are contrary to the earlier studies, which argued that weather and climate change significantly increase COVID-19 infections. We suggested that meteorological and climatic factors might be critical to reducing the COVID-19 new cases in Canada based on the findings. This work's empirical conclusions can provide a guideline for future research and policymaking to stop the COVID-19 spread across Canadian provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleman Sarwar
- Finance and Economics Department, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurram Shahzad
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeeshan Fareed
- School of Business, Huzhou University, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Umer Shahzad
- School of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, 233030 People’s Republic of China
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197
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines the global literature regarding rashes encountered in children and adults infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and aims to provide practicing pediatricians with an understanding of the relationship between instances of rashes and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children in order to effectively evaluate and treat patients. RECENT FINDINGS The true incidence of cutaneous reactions in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 is not known. Children's immune systems differ from those of adults and rashes as a manifestation of immune responses, in turn, differ in morphology and distribution. Rarely, children develop a severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome that has overlapping clinical features with Kawasaki disease. In addition, vaccinations produce rashes similar to natural infections. The rashes associated with COVID-19 vaccination are mild and transient, and should not preclude vaccination. Lastly, children who chronically wear masks are more likely to experience flaring of acne around the nose and mouth ('maskne') and facial conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis. SUMMARY There are ongoing worldwide registries, clinical and basic science studies to better understand the burden of skin disease and pathophysiology of rashes seen in patients infected with COVID-19. Robust vaccination programs should be encouraged as a way to contain viral spread among children and the greater population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Gary Dinulos
- Seacoast Dermatology, PLLC, Portsmouth
- Department of Dermatology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover New Hampshire
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Framingham, Connecticut, USA
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198
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Luo L, Ni J, Zhou M, Wang C, Wen W, Jiang J, Cheng Y, Zhang X, Wang M, Wang W. Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Reported Practices Among Medical Staff in China Before, During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthc Policy 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s339274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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199
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Savino M, Santhakumaran S, Evans KM, Steenkamp R, Benoy-Deeney F, Medcalf JF, Nitsch D. Outcomes of patients with COVID-19 on kidney replacement therapy: a comparison among modalities in England. Clin Kidney J 2021; 14:2573-2581. [PMID: 34938533 PMCID: PMC8499928 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease is a recognized risk factor of poor outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS This retrospective cohort study used the UK Renal Registry database of people on kidney replacement therapy (KRT) at the end of 2019 in England and who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between 1 March 2020 and 31 August 2020 to analyse the incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 among different KRT modalities. Comparisons with 2015-2019 mortality data were used to estimate excess deaths. RESULTS A total of 2783 individuals on KRT tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Patients from more-deprived areas {most deprived versus least deprived hazard ratio [HR] 1.20 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.39]} and those with diabetes compared with those without [HR 1.51 (95% CI 1.39-1.64)] were more likely to test positive. Approximately 25% of in-centre haemodialysis and transplanted patients died within 28 days of testing positive compared with 36% of those on home therapies. Mortality was higher in those ≥80 years of age compared with those 60-79 years [odds ratio (OR) 1.71 (95% CI 1.34-2.19)] and much lower in those listed for transplantation compared with those not listed [OR 0.56 (95% CI 0.40-0.80)]. Overall, excess mortality in 2020 for people on KRT was 36% higher than the 2015-2019 average. Excess deaths peaked in April 2020 at the height of the pandemic and were characterized by wide ethnic and regional disparities. CONCLUSIONS The impact of COVID-19 on the English KRT population highlights their extreme vulnerability and emphasizes the need to protect and prioritize this group for vaccination. COVID-19 has widened underlying inequalities in people with kidney disease, making interventions that address health inequalities a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - James F Medcalf
- UK Renal Registry, Bristol, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Dorothea Nitsch
- UK Renal Registry, Bristol, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Impact of Personal Protective Equipment on Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation in Coronavirus Pandemic. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57121291. [PMID: 34946236 PMCID: PMC8708039 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This retrospective study evaluated the clinical impact of enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE) on the clinical outcomes in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Moreover, by focusing on the use of a powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR), we investigated the medical personnel’s perceptions of wearing PAPR during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Materials and Methods: According to the arrival time at the emergency department, the patients were categorized into a conventional PPE group (1 August 2019 to 20 January 2020) and an enhanced PPE group (21 January 2020, to 31 August 2020). The primary outcomes of this analysis were the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate. Additionally, subjective perception of the medical staff regarding the effect of wearing enhanced PPE during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was evaluated by conducting a survey. Results: This study included 130 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients, with 73 and 57 patients in the conventional and enhanced PPE groups, respectively. The median time intervals to first intubation and to report the first arterial blood gas analysis results were longer in the enhanced PPE group than in the conventional PPE group (3 min vs. 2 min; p = 0.020 and 8 min vs. 3 min; p < 0.001, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in the ROSC rate (odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38–1.67; p = 0.542) and 1 month survival (OR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.07–2.10; p = 0.266) between the two groups. In total, 67 emergent department (ED) professionals responded to the questionnaire. Although a significant number of respondents experienced inconveniences with PAPR use, they agreed that PAPR was necessary during the CPR procedure for protection and reduction of infection transmission. Conclusion: The use of enhanced PPE, including PAPR, affected the performance of CPR to some extent but did not alter patient outcomes. PAPR use during the resuscitation of OHCA patients might positively impact the psychological stability of the medical staff.
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