151
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Harvey DJ, Scarff CA, Crispin M, Scanlan CN, Bonomelli C, Scrivens JH. MALDI-MS/MS with traveling wave ion mobility for the structural analysis of N-linked glycans. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:1955-66. [PMID: 22993039 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The preference for singly charged ion formation by MALDI makes it a better choice than electrospray ionization for profiling mixtures of N-glycans. For structural analysis, fragmentation of negative ions often yields more informative spectra than fragmentation of positive ones but such ions are more difficult to produce from neutral glycans under MALDI conditions. This work investigates conditions for the formation of both positive and negative ions by MALDI from N-linked glycans released from glycoproteins and their subsequent MS/MS and ion mobility behaviour. 2,4,6-Trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) doped with ammonium nitrate was found to give optimal ion yields in negative ion mode. Ammonium chloride or phosphate also yielded prominent adducts but anionic carbohydrates such as sulfated N-glycans tended to ionize preferentially. Carbohydrates adducted with all three adducts (phosphate, chloride, and nitrate) produced good negative ion CID spectra but those adducted with iodide and sulfate did not yield fragment ions although they gave stronger signals. Fragmentation paralleled that seen following electrospray ionization providing superior spectra than could be obtained by PSD on MALDI-TOF instruments or with ion traps. In addition, ion mobility drift times of the adducted glycans and the ability of this technique to separate isomers also mirrored those obtained following ESI sample introduction. Ion mobility also allowed profiles to be obtained from samples whose MALDI spectra showed no evidence of such ions allowing the technique to be used in conditions where sample amounts were limiting. The method was applied to N-glycans released from the recombinant human immunodeficiency virus glycoprotein, gp120.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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152
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Nishikaze T, Kaneshiro K, Kawabata SI, Tanaka K. Structural Analysis of N-Glycans by the Glycan-Labeling Method Using 3-Aminoquinoline-Based Liquid Matrix in Negative-Ion MALDI-MS. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9453-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302286e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishikaze
- Koichi Tanaka Laboratory of Advanced Science
and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kaneshiro
- Koichi Tanaka Laboratory of Advanced Science
and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Shin-ichirou Kawabata
- Koichi Tanaka Laboratory of Advanced Science
and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Koichi Tanaka
- Koichi Tanaka Laboratory of Advanced Science
and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
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153
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Chen R, Chen S, Xiong C, Ding X, Wu CC, Chang HC, Xiong S, Nie Z. N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dinitrate: a new matrix for negative ion MALDI-TOF MS analysis of small molecules. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:1454-1460. [PMID: 22711516 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An organic salt, N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dinitrate (NEDN), with rationally designed properties of a strong UV absorbing chromophore, hydrogen binding and nitrate anion donors, has been employed as a matrix to analyze small molecules (m/z < 1000) such as oligosaccharides, peptides, metabolites and explosives using negative ion matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Compared with conventional matrixes such as α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CCA) and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), NEDN provides a significant improvement in detection sensitivity and yields very few matrix-associated fragment and cluster ions interfering with MS analysis. For low-molecular-weight saccharides, the lowest detection limit achieved ranges from 500 amol to 5 pmol, depending on the molecular weight and the structure of the analytes. Additionally, the mass spectra in the lower mass range (m/z < 200) consist of only nitrate and nitric acid cluster ions, making the matrix particularly useful for structural identification of oligosaccharides by post-source decay (PSD) MALDI-MS. Such a characteristic is illustrated by using maltoheptaose as a model system. This work demonstrates that NEDN is a novel negative ion-mode matrix for MALDI-MS analysis of small molecules with nitrate anion attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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154
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Nishikaze T, Okumura H, Jinmei H, Amano J. Correlation between Sweet Spots of Glycopeptides and Polymorphism of the Matrix Crystal in MALDI Samples. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2012; 1:A0006. [PMID: 24349907 PMCID: PMC3775826 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A standard dried-droplet preparation using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA) as the matrix results in a large variation in signal intensity and poor shot-to-shot reproducibility in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). We expected that the differences can be attributed to the nature of the crystal structures in the region of the "sweet spot" within the MALDI samples. 2,5-DHBA crystals with and without analytes on a target plate obtained by means of a dried-droplet preparation contain two polymorphs, which can be distinguished by Raman spectra. In comparing the Raman image with the MS image, a clear correlation between the signal distribution of glycopeptides and hydrophilic peptides and the specific crystal form of 2,5-DHBA could be made. The ionization of hydrophobic peptides appears to proceed in both types of polymorphic crystals. In addition, the derivatization of glycopeptides with a pyrene group enabled us to detect glycopeptides regardless the crystal form. As the result, the number of sweet spots increased and MS spectra with a high signal intensity were obtained. The results suggest that the introduction of a hydrophobic/aromatic moiety to glycopeptides results in a more successful MALDI analysis due to the effective incorporation of the analyte into matrix crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junko Amano
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute
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155
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Asakawa D, Smargiasso N, De Pauw E. Identification and relative-quantification of glycans by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization in-source decay with hydrogen abstraction. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7463-8. [PMID: 22882090 DOI: 10.1021/ac3014737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of specific matrixes allows enhancing the scope of in-source decay (ISD) applications in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) thanks to the specificity of analyte-matrix chemistry. The use of an oxidizing matrix, 5-nitrosalicylic acid (5-NSA), for MALDI-ISD of glycans is shown to promote fragmentation pathways involving radical precursors. Both glycosidic and cross-ring cleavages are promoted by hydrogen abstraction from hydroxyl group of glycans by 5-NSA molecules. Cross-ring cleavage ions are potentially useful in linkage analysis, one of the most critical steps of glycan characterization. Moreover, we show here that isobaric glycans could be distinguished by structure specific ISD ions and that the molar ratio of glycan isomers in the mixture can be estimated from their fragment ions abundance. The use of 5-NSA also opens the possibility to perform pseudo-MS(3) analysis of glycans. Therefore, MALDI-ISD with 5-NSA is a useful method for identification of glycans and semiquantitative analysis of mixture of glycan isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Asakawa
- Chemistry Department and GIGA-R, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
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156
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Lai YH, Wang CC, Chen CW, Liu BH, Lin SH, Lee YT, Wang YS. Analysis of Initial Reactions of MALDI Based on Chemical Properties of Matrixes and Excitation Condition. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:9635-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp304709q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hung Lai
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Wang
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chiu Wen Chen
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Hong Liu
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Sheng Hsien Lin
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Tseh Lee
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Wang
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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157
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Probe-based chemical modulations of tissues for IMS. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4921-4930. [PMID: 22634403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modulation imaging over a tissue is gaining momentum in the field of mass spectrometry. Some endogenous or exogenous compounds present in a tissue can be visualized by imaging mass spectrometry after chemical derivatization. This approach gives researchers the possibility to elude chemical interferences in components of the tissues, such as lipids or salts, as well as interferences caused by the matrix. The use of primary and secondary antibodies, the chemical derivatization of peptides and small molecules, and the use of (18)O labeling are various examples reviewed in this article to demonstrate the importance and potential of this emerging aspect of imaging mass spectrometry.
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158
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Selman MHJ, Hoffmann M, Zauner G, McDonnell LA, Balog CIA, Rapp E, Deelder AM, Wuhrer M. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of sialylated glycans and glycopeptides using 4-chloro-α-cyanocinnamic acid matrix. Proteomics 2012; 12:1337-48. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurice H. J. Selman
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit; Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Gerhild Zauner
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit; Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Liam A. McDonnell
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit; Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Crina I. A. Balog
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit; Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems; Magdeburg Germany
| | - André M. Deelder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit; Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit; Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
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159
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Platform for analysis of anthranilic acid N-glycan derivatives utilizing multipolarity mode LC-MS with hydrophilic interaction chromatography separation and ion trap MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2012; 3:2401-17. [PMID: 22074282 DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The structure of glycans is complex compared with linear polymers such as proteins and nucleic acids. Structural assignment of these compounds is particularly challenging to the bioanalyst. Here we present a multipolarity mode LC-MS platform for analysis of anthranilic acid-derivatized N-glycans. RESULTS Multipolarity mode LC-MS analysis of N-glycan anthranilic aid (2AA) derivatives, collected under conditions that stabilize sialyloligosaccharides, provided more complete structural coverage than either mode when used alone. Structural assignment was simplified by the use of 2AA, which localizes charge to the reducing end in both modes facilitating the production of reducing end fragment dominant spectra. CONCLUSION Multimode analysis of high-mannose, hybrid and complex N-glycans, under conditions used in this method, is superior to either mode when used alone.
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160
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Hung WT, Wang SH, Chen YT, Yu HM, Chen CH, Yang WB. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of native and permethylated or benzimidazole-derivatized polysaccharides. Molecules 2012; 17:4950-61. [PMID: 22547317 PMCID: PMC6268202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17054950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MALDI-TOF MS provides rapid and sensitive analyses of larger biomolecules. However, MS analyses of polysaccharide have been reported to have lower sensitivity compared to peptides and proteins. Here, we investigated some polysaccharides chemically derivatized by permethylation and ortho-phenylene diamine (OPD) tagging. Methylated glycan is obviously able to improve the sensitivity for mass spectrometry detection. Oxidative condensation by UV-activation tagging to saccharides by OPD and peptide-OPD also improve the sensitivity of MALDI-TOF MS analyses. Polysaccharides including dextran, glucomannan, arabinoxylan, arabinogalactan and beta-1,3-glucan, isolated from nutritional supplements of Ganoderma lucidum and Saccharomyces pastorianus were measured using MALDI-TOF MS with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHB) as the matrix. These glycans were also derivatized to methylated and benzimidazole-tagged glycans by chemical transformation for molecular weight analysis. The derivatized polysaccharides showed excellent MALDI-TOF MS signal enhancement in the molecular weight range from 1 to 5 kDa. Here, we demonstrate an efficient method to give glycan-benzimidazole (glycan-BIM) derivatives for polysaccharide determination in MALDI-TOF MS. Therefore, permethylated or benzimidazole-derivatized polysaccharides provide a new option for polysaccharide analysis using MALDI-TOF MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Huey Wang
- Core Facility Center, Office of Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ming Yu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsuan Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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161
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Hahne H, Neubert P, Kuhn K, Etienne C, Bomgarden R, Rogers JC, Kuster B. Carbonyl-Reactive Tandem Mass Tags for the Proteome-Wide Quantification of N-Linked Glycans. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3716-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300197c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Hahne
- Chair for Proteomics
and Bioanalytics,
Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum
5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Patrick Neubert
- Chair for Proteomics
and Bioanalytics,
Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum
5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Karsten Kuhn
- Proteome Sciences R&D GmbH & Co. KG, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Chris Etienne
- Thermo Scientific Pierce Protein
Research, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford,
Illinois 61105, United States
| | - Ryan Bomgarden
- Thermo Scientific Pierce Protein
Research, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford,
Illinois 61105, United States
| | - John C. Rogers
- Thermo Scientific Pierce Protein
Research, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford,
Illinois 61105, United States
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair for Proteomics
and Bioanalytics,
Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum
5, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354
Freising, Germany
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162
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Zhu X, Wu L, Mungra DC, Xia S, Zhu J. Au@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles for laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Analyst 2012; 137:2454-8. [PMID: 22457874 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35074b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), the analysis capability, especially for small molecules, is often compromised by the addition of organic matrices due to the existence of background signals. Herein we report a new detection method on the utility of core-shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) as energy transfer structure in LDI-TOF-MS. The LDI-TOF-MS based on gold-silica core-shell nanoparticles with ultrathin silica shell of 2-4 nm (Au@utSiO(2) CSNPs) was effectively applied to the analysis of many compounds, especially for small functional molecules and polymers, which was more promising than MALDI-TOF-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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163
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Bauer S. Mass spectrometry for characterizing plant cell wall polysaccharides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:45. [PMID: 22645587 PMCID: PMC3355817 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is a selective and powerful technique to obtain identification and structural information on compounds present in complex mixtures. Since it requires only small sample amount it is an excellent tool for researchers interested in detecting changes in composition of complex carbohydrates of plants. This mini-review gives an overview of common mass spectrometry techniques applied to the analysis of plant cell wall carbohydrates. It presents examples in which mass spectrometry has been used to elucidate the structure of oligosaccharides derived from hemicelluloses and pectins and illustrates how information on sequence, linkages, branching, and modifications are obtained from characteristic fragmentation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bauer
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of CaliforniaBerkeley, CA, USA
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164
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Wang Z, Wen L, Ma X, Chen Z, Yu Y, Zhu J, Wang Y, Liu Z, Liu H, Wu D, Zhou D, Li Y. High expression of lactotriaosylceramide, a differentiation-associated glycosphingolipid, in the bone marrow of acute myeloid leukemia patients. Glycobiology 2012; 22:930-8. [PMID: 22411838 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are information-bearing biomolecules that play critical roles in embryonic development, signal transduction and carcinogenesis. Previous studies indicate that certain GSLs are associated with differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. In this study, we collected bone marrow samples from healthy donors and AML patients and analyzed the GSL expression profiles comprehensively using electrospray ionization linear ion-trap mass spectrometry. The results showed that AML patients had higher expression of the GSL lactotriaosylceramide (Lc3), GM3 and neolactotetraosylceramide (nLc4) in their bone marrow than did the healthy donors (P < 0.05), especially the M1 subtype of AML. To further explore the molecular mechanisms of Lc3, we examined the expression of the Lc3 synthase β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase5 (β3Gn-T5) and found that the bone marrow samples of AML patients had 16-fold higher expression of β3Gn-T5 than those of healthy donors (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that AML-associated GSLs Lc3, GM3 and nLc4 are possibly involved in initiation and differentiation of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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165
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Vahur S, Teearu A, Haljasorg T, Burk P, Leito I, Kaljurand I. Analysis of dammar resin with MALDI-FT-ICR-MS and APCI-FT-ICR-MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:392-409. [PMID: 22431467 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of high-resolution mass spectra of aged natural dammar resin obtained with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR-MS) using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is presented. Dammar resin is one of the most important components of painting varnishes. Dammar resin is a terpenoid resin (dominated by triterpenoids) with intrinsically very complex composition. This complexity further increases with aging. Ten different solvents and two-component solvent mixtures were tested for sample preparation. The most suitable solvent mixtures for the MALDI-FT-ICR-MS analysis were dichloromethane-acetone and dichloromethane-ethanol. The obtained MALDI-FTMS mass spectrum contains nine clusters of peaks in the m/z range of 420-2200, and the obtained APCI-FTMS mass spectrum contains three clusters of peaks in the m/z range of 380-910. The peaks in the clusters correspond to the oxygenated derivatives of terpenoids differing by the number of C(15)H(24) units. The clusters, in turn, are composed of subclusters differing by the number of oxygen atoms in the molecules. Thorough analysis and identification of the components (or groups of components) by their accurate m/z ratios was carried out, and molecular formulas (elemental compositions) of all major peaks in the MALDI-FTMS and APCI-FTMS spectra were identified (and groups of possible isomeric compounds were proposed). In the MALDI-FTMS and APCI-FTMS mass spectrum, besides the oxidized C(30), triterpenoids also peaks corresponding to C(29) and C(31) derivatives of triterpenoids (demethylated and methylated, correspondingly) were detected. MALDI and APCI are complementary ionization sources for the analysis of natural dammar resin. In the MALDI source, preferably polar (extensively oxidized) components of the resin are ionized (mostly as Na(+) adducts), whereas in the APCI source, preferably nonpolar (hydrocarbon and slightly oxidized) compounds are ionized (by protonation). Either of the two ionization methods, when used alone, gives an incomplete picture of the dammar resin composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Vahur
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
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166
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Robinson LN, Artpradit C, Raman R, Shriver ZH, Ruchirawat M, Sasisekharan R. Harnessing glycomics technologies: integrating structure with function for glycan characterization. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:797-814. [PMID: 22522536 PMCID: PMC3743516 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycans, or complex carbohydrates, are a ubiquitous class of biological molecule which impinge on a variety of physiological processes ranging from signal transduction to tissue development and microbial pathogenesis. In comparison to DNA and proteins, glycans present unique challenges to the study of their structure and function owing to their complex and heterogeneous structures and the dominant role played by multivalency in their sequence-specific biological interactions. Arising from these challenges, there is a need to integrate information from multiple complementary methods to decode structure-function relationships. Focusing on acidic glycans, we describe here key glycomics technologies for characterizing their structural attributes, including linkage, modifications, and topology, as well as for elucidating their role in biological processes. Two cases studies, one involving sialylated branched glycans and the other sulfated glycosaminoglycans, are used to highlight how integration of orthogonal information from diverse datasets enables rapid convergence of glycan characterization for development of robust structure-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke N. Robinson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Charlermchai Artpradit
- Program in Applied Biological Sciences: Environmental Health, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rahul Raman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Zachary H. Shriver
- Department of Biological Engineering, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Program in Applied Biological Sciences: Environmental Health, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ram Sasisekharan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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167
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2007-2008. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:183-311. [PMID: 21850673 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fifth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2008. The first section of the review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, use of derivatives and new software developments for analysis of carbohydrate spectra. Among newer areas of method development are glycan arrays, MALDI imaging and the use of ion mobility spectrometry. The second section of the review discusses applications of MALDI MS to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, biopharmaceuticals, glycated proteins, glycolipids, glycosides and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing and a section on the use of MALDI MS to monitor products of the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates with emphasis on carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers. Corresponding analyses by electrospray ionization now appear to outnumber those performed by MALDI and the amount of literature makes a comprehensive review on this technique impractical. However, most of the work relating to sample preparation and glycan synthesis is equally relevant to electrospray and, consequently, those proposing analyses by electrospray should also find material in this review of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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168
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Domann P, Spencer DIR, Harvey DJ. Production and fragmentation of negative ions from neutral N-linked carbohydrates ionized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:469-479. [PMID: 22279023 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although negative ion fragmentation mass spectra of neutral N-linked carbohydrates (those attached to Asn in glycoproteins) provide much more structural information than spectra recorded in positive ion mode, neutral carbohydrates are reluctant to form negative ions by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) unless ionized from specific matrices such as nor-harmane or adducted with anions such as chloride. This paper reports the results of experiments to optimize negative ion formation from adducts of N-linked glycans with respect to ion abundance and fragment ion production. The best results were obtained with 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) as the matrix with added ammonium nitrate as the salt providing the anion. This approach is demonstrated to be applicable for a wide range of N-linked glycan structures. Phosphate adducts, analogous to those that are usually encountered in electrospray spectra from N-glycans released by protein N-glycosidase F, were produced by addition of ammonium phosphate to the matrix but in relatively low yield allowing competitive ionization of endogenous anionic compounds leading to complex spectra. Fragmentation of the nitrate adducts, which were formed in higher yield, generally paralleled that seen by collision-induced dissociation following ionization by electrospray, with the first stage of the dissociation being the elimination of the nitrate with a proton from one of the hydroxyl groups of the sugar. The spectra of the resulting [M-H](-) species displayed very specific fragment ions, mainly cross-ring and C-type glycosidic cleavage products, that revealed more structural (linkage and branching) information of the compounds than the mainly glycosidic cleavage products that dominated the positive ion spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Domann
- LGC Ltd., Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LY, UK
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169
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Kailasa SK, Wu HF. One-pot synthesis of dopamine dithiocarbamate functionalized gold nanoparticles for quantitative analysis of small molecules and phosphopeptides in SALDI- and MALDI-MS. Analyst 2012; 137:1629-38. [PMID: 22353931 DOI: 10.1039/c2an16008k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity and efficiency of SALDI-MS or MALDI-MS is mainly dependent on the nature of matrix. A novel approach is proposed for one-pot synthesis of dopamine dithiocarbamate-functionalized gold nanoparticles (DDTC-Au NPs). Their application to quantification of small molecules by surface assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SALDI-TOF-MS) and rapid identification of phosphopeptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) is investigated. The synthesized DDTC-Au NPs were characterized by UV-visible and FT-IR spectroscopy, H(1)NMR, SEM and TEM. DDTC-Au NPs offers marked improvement on analyte ionization and effectively suppressed the background noise which leads to clean mass spectra. We also demonstrated the use of DDTC-Au NPs as affinity probes for selective enrichment of phosphopeptides from the solutions of microwave tryptic digested casein proteins. Compared with a conventional matrix, DDTC-Au NPs exhibited a high desorption/ionization efficiency for accurate quantification of small molecules including amino acid (glutathione), drugs (desipramine and enrofloxacin) and peptides (valinomycin and gramicidin D) and successfully utilized as novel affinity probes for straightforward and rapid identification of phosphopeptides from casein proteins (α-, β-casein and nonfat milk), showing a great potentiality to the real-time analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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170
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Simultaneous determination of substituent patterns in partially acid hydrolyzed O-Me/O-Me-d3-cellulose and quantification of the obtained oligomers by HPLC-ESI-MS. Carbohydr Res 2012; 348:55-63. [PMID: 22172659 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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171
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A general approach for the purification and quantitative glycomic analysis of human plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:2687-700. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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172
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Huang MF, Chang HT. Detection of carbohydrates using surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry with HgTe nanostructures. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc01066f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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173
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Shrivas K, Wu HF. Rapid and highly sensitive protein extractionviacobalt oxidenanoparticle-based liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with MALDI mass spectrometry. Analyst 2012; 137:890-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15499k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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174
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Durka M, Buffet K, Iehl J, Holler M, Nierengarten JF, Vincent SP. The Inhibition of Liposaccharide Heptosyltransferase WaaC with Multivalent Glycosylated Fullerenes: A New Mode of Glycosyltransferase Inhibition. Chemistry 2011; 18:641-51. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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175
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Ribeiro-Silva C, Gilberto S, Gomes RA, Mateus É, Monteiro E, Barroso E, Coelho AV, da Costa G, Freire AP, Cordeiro C. The relative amounts of plasma transthyretin forms in familial transthyretin amyloidosis: a quantitative analysis by Fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Amyloid 2011; 18:191-9. [PMID: 22080762 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2011.614295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Familial transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is a fatal autosomal dominant disease characterized by the formation of amyloid fibers, mainly composed of transthyretin (TTR). Protein aggregation and amyloid fiber formation are considered concentration dependent processes and since most ATTR patients are heterozygous it is crucial to determine the ratio between mutant and non-mutant TTR forms in human plasma. Using a high resolution mass spectrometry based approach we determined the ratio of TTR forms in ATTR patients, V30M mutation carriers, symptomatic and asymptomatic ones, as well as ATTR patients that received a wild type cadaveric liver transplant. Domino transplanted patients that received a liver from an ATTR patient were also investigated. We found that although wild type TTR is diminished in the plasma of non-transplanted ATTR patients comparatively to healthy subjects, the relationship with the V30M variant does not change with illness progression. Those who received a wild type liver showed no mutant protein while domino transplanted patients presented the same relative amount of V30M as found in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. The V30M to wild type TTR ratio in plasma is the same for all ATTR patients studied, showing no variation with disease clinical progression. Our results point to the involvement of additional non-genetic factors on the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ribeiro-Silva
- Center of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal
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176
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Zhou W, Håkansson K. Structural Characterization of Carbohydrates by Fourier Transform Tandem Mass Spectrometry. CURR PROTEOMICS 2011; 8:297-308. [PMID: 22389641 PMCID: PMC3289259 DOI: 10.2174/157016411798220826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) provides high mass accuracy, high sensitivity, and analytical versatility and has therefore emerged as an indispensable tool for structural elucidation of biomolecules. Glycosylation is one of the most common posttranslational modifications, occurring in ~50% of proteins. However, due to the structural diversity of carbohydrates, arising from non-template driven biosynthesis, achievement of detailed structural insight is highly challenging. This review briefly discusses carbohydrate sample preparation and ionization methods, and highlights recent developments in alternative high-resolution MS/MS strategies, including infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD), electron capture dissociation (ECD), and electron detachment dissociation (EDD), for carbohydrates with a focus on glycans and proteoglycans from mammalian glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristina Håkansson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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177
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Abstract
Red algae (Rhodophyta) are known as the source of unique sulfated galactans, such as agar, agarose, and carrageenans. The wide practical uses of these polysaccharides are based on their ability to form strong gels in aqueous solutions. Gelling polysaccharides usually have molecules built up of repeating disaccharide units with a regular distribution of sulfate groups, but most of the red algal species contain more complex galactans devoid of gelling ability because of various deviations from the regular structure. Moreover, several red algae may contain sulfated mannans or neutral xylans instead of sulfated galactans as the main structural polysaccharides. This chapter is devoted to a description of the structural diversity of polysaccharides found in the red algae, with special emphasis on the methods of structural analysis of sulfated galactans. In addition to the structural information, some data on the possible use of red algal polysaccharides as biologically active polymers or as taxonomic markers are briefly discussed.
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178
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Lo Conte M, Robb MJ, Hed Y, Marra A, Malkoch M, Hawker CJ, Dondoni A. Exhaustive glycosylation, PEGylation, and glutathionylation of a [G4]-ene(48) dendrimer via photoinduced thiol-ene coupling. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART A, POLYMER CHEMISTRY 2011; 49:4468-4475. [PMID: 21966092 PMCID: PMC3181107 DOI: 10.1002/pola.24888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report in this paper the use of free-radical thiol-ene coupling (TEC) for the introduction of carbohydrate, poly(ethylene glycol), and peptide fragments at the periphery of an alkene functional dendrimer. Four different sugar thiols including glucose, mannose, lactose and sialic acid, two PEGylated thiols and the natural tripeptide glutathione were reacted with a fourth generation alkene functional dendrimer [G4]-ene(48) upon irradiation at λ(max) 365 nm. In all cases, the (1)H NMR spectra of the crude reaction mixture revealed the complete disappearance of alkene proton signals indicating the quantitative conversion of all 48 alkene groups of the dendrimer. With one exception only, all dendrimer conjugates were isolated in high yields (70-94%), validating the high efficiency of multiple TEC reactions on a single substrate. All isolated and purified compounds were analyzed by MALDI-TOF spectrometry and gave spectra consistent with the assigned structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Lo Conte
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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179
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Unterieser I, Cuers J, Voiges K, Enebro J, Mischnick P. Quantitative aspects in electrospray ionization ion trap and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of malto-oligosaccharides. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:2201-2208. [PMID: 21710600 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is widely applied in carbohydrate analysis, but still quantitative evaluation of data is critical due to different ionization efficiencies of the constituents in a mixture. Different size and chemical structure of the analytes cause their uneven distribution in droplets (electrospray ionization, ESI) or matrix spots (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, MALDI). In addition, instrumental parameters affect final ion yields. In order to study and optimize the latter, an equimolar mixture of malto-oligosaccharides (DP1-6) was analyzed using varying target masses for ESI as well as different matrices and laser power for MALDI. The sodium adducts and derivatives for positive ion mode (hydrazones with Girard's T Reagent, GT) and negative ion mode (reductively aminated with o-aminobenzoic acid, oABA) were studied. Negatively charged oABA-labeled malto-oligosaccharides turned out to be unsuitable for quantification of the malto-oligomeric composition. Best agreement was achieved when applying target masses in the range of the highest homolog in the mixture in electrospray ionization ion trap (ESI-IT) (1-2% deviation with GT label or as Na(+) adducts). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) gave best results when the laser power was adjusted significantly over the desorption/ionization threshold (1% deviation with GT label). Both parameters show significant influence on the determined oligomeric composition. Consequently, estimation and even quantitative determination of amounts of oligosaccharides in a mixture can be achieved when the analytes are labeled and the proper instrumental parameters are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Unterieser
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Schleinitzstr. 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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180
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Lee H, An HJ, Lerno LA, German JB, Lebrilla CB. Rapid Profiling of Bovine and Human Milk Gangliosides by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 305:138-150. [PMID: 21860602 PMCID: PMC3158620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2010.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are anionic glycosphingolipids widely distributed in vertebrate tissues and fluids. Their structural and quantitative expression patterns depend on phylogeny and are distinct down to the species level. In milk, gangliosides are exclusively associated with the milk fat globule membrane. They may participate in diverse biological processes but more specifically to host-pathogen interactions. However, due to the molecular complexities, the analysis needs extensive sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and even chemical reaction, which makes the process very complex and time-consuming. Here, we describe a rapid profiling method for bovine and human milk gangliosides employing matrix-assisted desorption/ionization (MALDI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). Prior to the analyses of biological samples, milk ganglioside standards GM3 and GD3 fractions were first analyzed in order to validate this method. High mass accuracy and high resolution obtained from MALDI FTICR MS allow for the confident assignment of chain length and degree of unsaturation of the ceramide. For the structural elucidation, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), specifically as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) were employed. Complex ganglioside mixtures from bovine and human milk were further analyzed with this method. The samples were prepared by two consecutive chloroform/methanol extraction and solid phase extraction. We observed a number of differences between bovine milk and human milk. The common gangliosides in bovine and human milk are NeuAc-NeuAc-Hex-Hex-Cer (GD3) and NeuAc-Hex-Hex-Cer (GM3); whereas, the ion intensities of ganglioside species are different between two milk samples. Kendrick mass defect plot yields grouping of ganglioside peaks according to their structural similarities. Gangliosides were further probed by tandem MS to confirm the compositional and structural assignments. We found that only in human milk gangliosides was the ceramide carbon always even numbered, which is consistent with the notion that differences in the oligosaccharide and the ceramide moieties confer to their physiological distinctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Larry A. Lerno
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - J. Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
- Nestle Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Carlito B. Lebrilla, ; Tel: +1-530-752-0504; Fax: +1-530-752-8995, J. Bruce German, ; Tel: +1-530-752-1486; Fax: +1-530-752-4759
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Carlito B. Lebrilla, ; Tel: +1-530-752-0504; Fax: +1-530-752-8995, J. Bruce German, ; Tel: +1-530-752-1486; Fax: +1-530-752-4759
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181
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Liu CW, Chien MW, Chen GF, Chen SY, Yu CS, Liao MY, Lai CC. Quantum Dot Enhancement of Peptide Detection by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6593-600. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201016c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wei Chien
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Feng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Yu
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yuan Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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182
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da Costa G, Guerreiro A, Correia CF, Gomes RJ, Freire A, Monteiro E, Barroso E, Coelho AV, Outeiro TF, Freire AP, Cordeiro C. A non-invasive method based on saliva to characterize transthyretin in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy patients using FT-ICR high-resolution MS. Proteomics Clin Appl 2011; 4:674-8. [PMID: 21179887 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200900118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify, characterize and perform a relative quantification of human transthyretin (TTR) variants in human saliva. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Serum and saliva samples were collected from healthy and familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) patients, proteins separated by SDS-PAGE, TTR bands excised, in-gel digested and analyzed by MALDI-FTICR. RESULTS We identified and performed a relative quantification of mutated and native TTR forms in human saliva, based on FTICR-MS. The results are quantitatively identical to the ones obtained with human serum. In FAP patients subjected to cadaveric liver transplant, the TTR mutant form is no longer detected in saliva, while in patients receiving a domino liver from a FAP donor the mutant form of TTR becomes detectable in saliva, thus demonstrating the serum origin of TTR in saliva. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Saliva TTR originates in serum and the ratio of mutant to native TTR is preserved. The method provides a non-invasive detection of mutated TTR and a relative quantification of TTR forms. Diagnostic and disease prognosis of FAP is crucial at early stages of the disease and after liver transplantation, the only curative therapy. A suitable non-invasive method was developed for monitoring the most important FAP biomarker in human saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo da Costa
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidadede Lisboa, Edifício C8, Lisboa, Portugal
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183
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Dybvik AI, Norberg AL, Schute V, Soltwisch J, Peter-Katalinić J, Vårum KM, Eijsink VGH, Dreisewerd K, Mormann M, Sørlie M. Analysis of noncovalent chitinase-chito-oligosaccharide complexes by infrared-matrix assisted laser desorption ionization and nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4030-6. [PMID: 21473578 DOI: 10.1021/ac1031308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Transferring noncovalently bound complexes from the condensed phase into the gas phase represents a challenging task due to weak intermolecular bonds that have to be maintained during the phase transition. Currently, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the standard mass spectrometric (MS) technique to analyze noncovalent complexes. Although infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (IR-MALDI)-MS also provides particular soft desorption/ionization conditions, this method has so far hardly been applied for the analysis of noncovalent complexes. In this study, we employed IR-MALDI orthogonal time-of-flight (o-TOF)-MS in combination with the liquid matrix glycerol to characterize the specific complex formation of chito-oligosaccharide (CHOS) ligands with two variants of Chitinase A (ChiA) from Serratia marcescens, the inactive E315Q mutant and the active W167A mutant, respectively. The IR-MALDI-o-TOF-MS results were compared to those obtained using nano-ESI-quadrupole (q)-TOF-MS and ultraviolet (UV)-MALDI-o-TOF-MS. Using IR-MALDI-o-TOF-MS, specific noncovalent complexes between ChiA and CHOS were detected with distributions between enzymes with bound oligosaccharides vs free enzymes that were essentially identical to those obtained by nano-ESI-q-TOF-MS. Chitinase-CHOS complexes were not detected when UV-MALDI was employed for desorption/ionization. The results show that IR-MALDI-MS can be a valuable tool for fast and simple screening of noncovalent enzyme-ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette I Dybvik
- Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælandsvei 6-8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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184
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Negative-ion MALDI-MS2 for discrimination of α2,3- and α2,6-sialylation on glycopeptides labeled with a pyrene derivative. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1419-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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185
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Characterization and emulsifying property of a carbohydrate polymer produced by Bacillus pumilus UW-02 isolated from waste water irrigated agricultural soil. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 48:705-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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186
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Liu R, Liu JF, Zhou XX, Jiang GB. Cysteine modified small ligament Au nanoporous film: an easy fabricating and highly efficient surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization substrate. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3668-74. [PMID: 21462991 DOI: 10.1021/ac103222p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Au nanoporous films (NPFs) with different surface modification and morphology were fabricated and utilized as substrates for the analysis of a series of compounds, including amino acids, drug, cyclodextrins, peptides, and polyethylene glycols, using surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SALDI-TOF MS). It was found that the size and interconnection state of the NPF ligament as well as the surface modification are key parameters that affect the laser desorption/ionization performance. Compared with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, pristine NPF, and aminobenzenethiol or 3-mercaptopropanoic acid modified Au NPFs, cysteine modified Au NPF generated intense and background-suppressing mass spectra. Regarding the effect of Au NPF morphology, the Au NPF with nanopores in the range of 10-30 nm, ligament size of 5 nm, and electrochemistry surface area of 26.1 m(2)/g exhibited the highest performance as a substrate. This high-performance NPFs can be easily fabricated by capping agent replacement induced self-organization of ultrathin nanowires, followed by self-assembling of a monolayer (SAM) of cysteine. The good thermal/electroconductivity and uniformity of Au NPFs avoided the fragmentation of analytes, eliminated the intrinsic matrix ions interference, and provided good reproducibility (RSD ≤ 10%). Additionally, the fabricated NPFs can be easy divided into microarrays (a ~4 × 4 array from a 1 cm × 1 cm NPF). This work provides a simple and cost-effective route for acquiring an Au nanostructure as a SALDI substrate, which offers a new technique for high-speed analysis of low-molecular weight compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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187
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Chang YL, Lee YC, Yang WB, Chen CH. Ionic liquid-assisted electrospray ionization of polysaccharides. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2011; 46:367-375. [PMID: 21438086 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we give the report of significant detection sensitivity improvement of electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra of polysaccharides by adding various ionic liquid compounds into samples. Mass spectra obtained were greatly simplified and appeared to be similar to spectra from matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization due to the narrow charge number distribution. Mass spectra of polysaccharides with the attachment of either anion or cation of ionic liquid compounds were observed. No protonated or deprotonated polysaccharide ions were detected when ionic liquid compounds were added into samples. Little alkali-attached polysaccharide ions were observed. Ionic liquid-assisted ESI (ILA-ESI) mass spectrometry has significantly improved the detection sensitivity of large neutral polysaccharide compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
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188
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von der Lieth CW, Freire AA, Blank D, Campbell MP, Ceroni A, Damerell DR, Dell A, Dwek RA, Ernst B, Fogh R, Frank M, Geyer H, Geyer R, Harrison MJ, Henrick K, Herget S, Hull WE, Ionides J, Joshi HJ, Kamerling JP, Leeflang BR, Lütteke T, Lundborg M, Maass K, Merry A, Ranzinger R, Rosen J, Royle L, Rudd PM, Schloissnig S, Stenutz R, Vranken WF, Widmalm G, Haslam SM. EUROCarbDB: An open-access platform for glycoinformatics. Glycobiology 2011; 21:493-502. [PMID: 21106561 PMCID: PMC3055595 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The EUROCarbDB project is a design study for a technical framework, which provides sophisticated, freely accessible, open-source informatics tools and databases to support glycobiology and glycomic research. EUROCarbDB is a relational database containing glycan structures, their biological context and, when available, primary and interpreted analytical data from high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. Database content can be accessed via a web-based user interface. The database is complemented by a suite of glycoinformatics tools, specifically designed to assist the elucidation and submission of glycan structure and experimental data when used in conjunction with contemporary carbohydrate research workflows. All software tools and source code are licensed under the terms of the Lesser General Public License, and publicly contributed structures and data are freely accessible. The public test version of the web interface to the EUROCarbDB can be found at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/eurocarb.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Ardá Freire
- Bijvoet-Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Blank
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus, Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthew P Campbell
- Dublin-Oxford Glycobiology Laboratory, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Alessio Ceroni
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Biochemistry Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - David R Damerell
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Biochemistry Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anne Dell
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Biochemistry Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Raymond A Dwek
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Beat Ernst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Basel, BaselSwitzerland
| | - Rasmus Fogh
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Martin Frank
- Core Facility, Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hildegard Geyer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus, Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Geyer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus, Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Kim Henrick
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Stefan Herget
- Core Facility, Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William E Hull
- Core Facility, Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hiren J Joshi
- Core Facility, Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Johannis P Kamerling
- Bijvoet-Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas R Leeflang
- Bijvoet-Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Lütteke
- Bijvoet-Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kai Maass
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus, Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - René Ranzinger
- Core Facility, Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jimmy Rosen
- Bijvoet-Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louise Royle
- Dublin-Oxford Glycobiology Laboratory, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- Dublin-Oxford Glycobiology Laboratory, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Siegfried Schloissnig
- Core Facility, Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Stenutz
- Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Göran Widmalm
- Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Biochemistry Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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189
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Lin Z, Simeone DM, Anderson MA, Brand RE, Xie X, Shedden KA, Ruffin MT, Lubman DM. Mass spectrometric assay for analysis of haptoglobin fucosylation in pancreatic cancer. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:2602-11. [PMID: 21417406 DOI: 10.1021/pr200102h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A mass spectrometric method was developed to elucidate the N-glycan structures of serum glycoproteins and utilize fucosylated glycans as potential markers for pancreatic cancer. This assay was applied to haptoglobin in human serum where N-glycans derived from the serum of 16 pancreatic cancer patients were compared with those from 15 individuals with benign conditions (5 normals, 5 chronic pancreatitis, and 5 type II diabetes). This assay used only 10 μL of serum where haptoglobin was extracted using a monoclonal antibody and quantitative permethylation was performed on desialylated N-glycans followed by MALDI-QIT-TOF MS analysis. Eight desialylated N-glycan structures of haptoglobin were identified where a bifucosylated triantennary structure was reported for the first time in pancreatic cancer samples. Both core and antennary fucosylation were elevated in pancreatic cancer samples compared to samples from benign conditions. Fucosylation degree indices were calculated and show a significant difference between pancreatic cancer patients of all stages and the benign conditions analyzed. This study demonstrates that a serum assay based on haptoglobin fucosylation patterns using mass spectrometric analysis may serve as a novel method for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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190
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Heiss C, Wang Z, Azadi P. Sodium hydroxide permethylation of heparin disaccharides. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:774-8. [PMID: 21337639 PMCID: PMC3928630 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Permethylation is a valuable and widely used tool for the mass spectrometry of carbohydrates, improving sensitivity and fragmentation and increasing the amount of information that can be obtained from tandem mass spectrometric experiments. Permethylation of most glycans is easily performed with sodium hydroxide and iodomethane in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). However, permethylation has not been widely used in the mass spectrometry of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) oligosaccharides, partly because it has required the use of the difficult Hakomori method employing the methylsulfinylmethanide ('dimsyl') base, which has to be made in a tedious process. Additionally, the Hakomori method is not as effective as the sodium hydroxide method in making fully methylated derivatives. A further problem in the permethylation of highly sulfated oligosaccharides is their limited solubility in DMSO. This paper describes the use of the triethylammonium counterion to overcome this problem, as well as the application of the sodium hydroxide method to make permethylated heparin disaccharides and their workup to yield fully methylated disaccharides for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The ease, speed, and effectiveness of the described methodology should open up permethylation of GAG oligosaccharides to a wider circle of mass spectrometrists and enable them to develop further derivatization schemes in the effort to rapidly elucidate the structure of these important molecules. Permethylation may also provide new ways of separating GAG oligosaccharides in LC/MS, their increased hydrophobicity making them amenable for reversed-phase chromatography without the need for ion pairing reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Heiss
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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191
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Kim HH, Han SP, Kim JK, Kim YJ. Detection of Long Alkyl Esters of Succinic and Maleic Acid Using TLC-MALDI-MS. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.3.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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192
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Colsch B, Jackson SN, Dutta S, Woods AS. Molecular Microscopy of Brain Gangliosides: Illustrating their Distribution in Hippocampal Cell Layers. ACS Chem Neurosci 2011; 2:213-222. [PMID: 21961052 DOI: 10.1021/cn100096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are amphiphilic molecules found in the outer layer of plasma membranes of all vertebrate cells. They play a major role in cell recognition and signaling and are involved in diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS). We are reporting the differential distribution of ganglioside species in the rat brain's cerebrum, based on their ceramide associated core, and for the first time the presence of acetylation detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry, which was used to map and image gangliosides with detailed structural information and histological accuracy. In the hippocampus, localization of the major species GM1, GD1, O-acetylGD1, GT1, and O-acetylGT1 depends on the sphingoïd base (d18:1 sphingosine or d20:1 eïcosasphingosine) in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (ML), which is made up of three distinct layers, the inner molecular layer (IML), which contains sphingosine exclusively, and the middle molecular layer (MML) and the outer molecular layer (OML) where eïcosasphingosine is the only sphingoïd base. These results demonstrate that there is a different distribution of gangliosides in neuronal axons and dendrites depending on the ceramide core of each layer. GM3, GM2, GD3, and GD2 contain sphingosine predominantly and are mainly present in body cell layers, which are made up of the pyramidal cell layer (Py) and the granular layer of the dentate gyrus (GL), in contrast with GQ1 and the O-acetylated forms of GD1, GT1, and GQ1 gangliosides, which contain both sphingoïd bases. However their distribution is based on the sialylated and acetylated oligosaccharide chains in the neuronal cell bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Colsch
- Structural Biology Unit, Cellular Neurobiology Section, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Shelley N. Jackson
- Structural Biology Unit, Cellular Neurobiology Section, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Sucharita Dutta
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, California, United States
| | - Amina S. Woods
- Structural Biology Unit, Cellular Neurobiology Section, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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193
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Cecioni S, Oerthel V, Iehl J, Holler M, Goyard D, Praly JP, Imberty A, Nierengarten JF, Vidal S. Synthesis of dodecavalent fullerene-based glycoclusters and evaluation of their binding properties towards a bacterial lectin. Chemistry 2011; 17:3252-61. [PMID: 21328503 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Multivalency is playing a major role in biological processes and particularly in lectin-carbohydrate interactions. The design of high-affinity ligands of lectins should provide molecules capable of interfering with these biological processes and potentially inhibit bacterial or viral infections. Azide-alkyne "click" chemistry was applied to the synthesis of dodecavalent fullerene-based glycoclusters. The conjugation could be efficiently performed from alkyne or azide functions on either partners (i.e. hexakis-fullerene adduct or glycoside). PA-IL is a bacterial lectin from the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and is involved in the recognition of glycoconjugates on human tissues. The glycoclusters obtained were evaluated as ligands of PA-IL and for their potential for competing with its binding to glycosylated surfaces. The affinities measured by hemagglutination inhibition assay (HIA), enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) displayed a significant "glycoside cluster effect" with up to a 12,000-fold increase in binding when comparing a monovalent carbohydrate reference probe with a dodecavalent fullerene-based glycocluster, albeit with some differences depending on the analytical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Cecioni
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Laboratoire de Chimie, Organique 2-Glycochimie, UMR 5246, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and CNRS, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
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194
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Abstract
Starch and cellulose are the most abundant and important representatives of renewable biomass. Since the mid-19th century their properties have been changed by chemical modification for commercial and scientific purposes, and there substituted polymers have found a wide range of applications. However, the inherent polydispersity and supramolecular organization of starch and cellulose cause the products resulting from their modification to display high complexity. Chemical composition analysis of these mixtures is therefore a challenging task. Detailed knowledge on substitution patterns is fundamental for understanding structure-property relationships in modified cellulose and starch, and thus also for the improvement of reproducibility and rational design of properties. Substitution patterns resulting from kinetically or thermodynamically controlled reactions show certain preferences for the three available hydroxyl functions in (1→4)-linked glucans. Spurlin, seventy years ago, was the first to describe this in an idealized model, and nowadays this model has been extended and related to the next hierarchical levels, namely, the substituent distribution in and over the polymer chains. This structural complexity, with its implications for data interpretation, and the analytical approaches developed for its investigation are outlined in this article. Strategies and methods for the determination of the average degree of substitution (DS), monomer composition, and substitution patterns at the polymer level are presented and discussed with respect to their limitations and interpretability. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and modern mass spectrometry (MS), including tandem MS, are the main instrumental techniques employed, in combination with appropriate sample preparation by chemical and enzymatic methods.
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195
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Wu S, Grimm R, German JB, Lebrilla CB. Annotation and structural analysis of sialylated human milk oligosaccharides. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:856-68. [PMID: 21133381 DOI: 10.1021/pr101006u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (SHMOs) are important components of human milk oligosaccharides. Sialic acids are typically found on the nonreducing end and are known binding sites for pathogens and aid in neonates' brain development. Due to their negative charge and hydrophilic nature, they also help modulate cell-cell interactions. It has also been shown that sialic acids are involved in regulating the immune response and aid in brain development. In this study, the enriched SHMOs from pooled milk sample were analyzed by HPLC-Chip/QTOF MS. The instrument employs a microchip-based nano-LC column packed with porous graphitized carbon (PGC) to provide excellent isomer separation for SHMOs with highly reproducible retention time. The precursor ions were further examined with collision-induced dissociation (CID). By applying the proper collision energy, isomers can be readily differentiated by diagnostic peaks and characteristic fragmentation patterns. A set of 30 SHMO structures with retention times, accurate masses, and MS/MS spectra was deduced and incorporated into an HMO library. When combined with previously determined neutral components, a library with over 70 structures is obtained allowing high-throughput oligosaccharide structure identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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196
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for the period 2005-2006. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1-100. [PMID: 20222147 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fourth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2006. The review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, method developments, and applications of the technique to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, glycolipids from bacteria, glycosides, and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing, a section on industrial processes, particularly the development of biopharmaceuticals and a section on the use of MALDI-MS to monitor products of chemical synthesis of carbohydrates. Large carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers are highlighted in this final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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197
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Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Oligo- and Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives. MASS SPECTROMETRY OF POLYMERS – NEW TECHNIQUES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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198
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Mishra A, Kavita K, Jha B. Characterization of extracellular polymeric substances produced by micro-algae Dunaliella salina. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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199
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Bereman MS, Muddiman DC. N-linked global glycan profiling by nanoLC mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 790:87-97. [PMID: 21948408 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-319-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A method is detailed for the global profiling of underivatized N-linked glycans that are derived from complex protein mixtures. The method consists of five main steps that include the following: (1) protein denaturation; (2) enzymatic digestion; (3) solid phase extraction; (4) nanoLC MS analysis; and (5) data interpretation. Materials, methods, and algorithms for the identification of both glycan composition and structure are summarized. In addition, potential problems and their resolutions are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bereman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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200
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Lin YH, Tseng WL. A sample preparation method for gold nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 790:167-172. [PMID: 21948413 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-319-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A sample preparation method to detect small molecules in laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF MS) was developed using bare gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as matrices. In this sample preparation method, the analyte is deposited first and then followed by the bare AuNPs. Neutral steroids and carbohydrates, which are difficult to ionize, using organic matrices, are cationized efficiently by combining AuNP-assisted LDI-TOF MS with this sample preparation method. As compared to the dried-droplet method (i.e., analyte and bare AuNPs are mixed and dried together), this method offers distinct advantages for improving shot-to-shot reproducibility, increasing the ionization efficiency of the analyte, and reducing sample preparation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hsiu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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