151
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Yao Y, Cheng Z, Dong J, Zhang X. Performance of integrated optical switches based on 2D materials and beyond. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2020; 13:129-138. [PMID: 36641553 PMCID: PMC9743869 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-020-1058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Applications of optical switches, such as signal routing and data-intensive computing, are critical in optical interconnects and optical computing. Integrated optical switches enabled by two-dimensional (2D) materials and beyond, such as graphene and black phosphorus, have demonstrated many advantages in terms of speed and energy consumption compared to their conventional silicon-based counterparts. Here we review the state-of-the-art of optical switches enabled by 2D materials and beyond and organize them into several tables. The performance tables and future projections show the frontiers of optical switches fabricated from 2D materials and beyond, providing researchers with an overview of this field and enabling them to identify existing challenges and predict promising research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Yao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jianji Dong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Xinliang Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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152
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Tan T, Jiang X, Wang C, Yao B, Zhang H. 2D Material Optoelectronics for Information Functional Device Applications: Status and Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000058. [PMID: 32537415 PMCID: PMC7284198 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and the following derivative 2D materials have been demonstrated to exhibit rich distinct optoelectronic properties, such as broadband optical response, strong and tunable light-mater interactions, and fast relaxations in the flexible nanoscale. Combining with optical platforms like fibers, waveguides, grating, and resonators, these materials has spurred a variety of active and passive applications recently. Herein, the optical and electrical properties of graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXene, and their derivative van der Waals heterostructures are comprehensively reviewed, followed by the design and fabrication of these 2D material-based optical structures in implementation. Next, distinct devices, ranging from lasers to light emitters, frequency convertors, modulators, detectors, plasmonic generators, and sensors, are introduced. Finally, the state-of-art investigation progress of 2D material-based optoelectronics offers a promising way to realize new conceptual and high-performance applications for information science and nanotechnology. The outlook on the development trends and important research directions are also put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China)School of Information and Communication EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China
| | - Xiantao Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano Photonic Information TechnologyGuangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ)International Collaboration Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Cong Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano Photonic Information TechnologyGuangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ)International Collaboration Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Baicheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China)School of Information and Communication EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China
| | - Han Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano Photonic Information TechnologyGuangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ)International Collaboration Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
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153
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Bolhuis M, Hernandez-Rueda J, van Heijst SE, Tinoco Rivas M, Kuipers L, Conesa-Boj S. Vertically-oriented MoS 2 nanosheets for nonlinear optical devices. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:10491-10497. [PMID: 32377653 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00755b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2 represent promising candidates for building blocks of ultra-thin nanophotonic devices. For such applications, vertically-oriented MoS2 (v-MoS2) nanosheets could be advantageous as compared to conventional horizontal MoS2 (h-MoS2) given that their inherent broken symmetry would favor an enhanced nonlinear response. However, the current lack of a controllable and reproducible fabrication strategy for v-MoS2 limits the exploration of this potential. Here we present a systematic study of the growth of v-MoS2 nanosheets based on the sulfurization of a pre-deposited Mo-metal seed layer. We demonstrate that the sulfurization process at high temperatures is driven by the diffusion of sulfur from the vapor-solid interface to the Mo seed layer. Furthermore, we verify an enhanced nonlinear response in the resulting v-MoS2 nanostructures as compared to their horizontal counterparts. Our results represent a stepping stone towards the fabrication of low-dimensional TMD-based nanostructures for versatile nonlinear nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bolhuis
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628CJ Delft, The Netherlands.
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154
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Zhang M, Chen H, Wang J, Wang Z, Zhang J, Li J, He T, Yin J, Yan P, Ruan S. Few-layer metal monochalcogenide saturable absorbers for high-energy Q-switched pulse generation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:205204. [PMID: 32015224 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional layered materials have been widely utilized as nonlinear absorption materials to transfer continue-wave into pulse trains in fiber laser systems. Here, we prepare robust GaSe/GeSe composites with high power bearing capacity as saturable absorbers (SAs) and then investigate their nonlinear optical properties via broadband Z-scan measurement at 800 nm and 1550 nm, respectively. The modulation depths of GaSe/GeSe based SAs are measured to be 11.97% and 7.69% at 1550 nm. After incorporating the GaSe/GeSe SAs into an Erbium-doped fiber laser cavity, passively Q-switched pulse trains could be obtained with repetition rates changing from 83.58 to 136.78 kHz (70.41 to 161.65 kHz). The maximum output power and pulse energy are 52.1 mW/370.67 nJ (GaSe) and 21.6 mW/133.74 nJ (GeSe) under the maximum pump power of 600 mW. The results indicate that GaSe and GeSe possess outstanding thermal stability and could be employed as remarkable saturable absorption materials for high-energy pulses generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
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155
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Precise control of the interlayer twist angle in large scale MoS 2 homostructures. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2153. [PMID: 32358571 PMCID: PMC7195481 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Twist angle between adjacent layers of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials provides an exotic degree of freedom to enable various fascinating phenomena, which opens a research direction—twistronics. To realize the practical applications of twistronics, it is of the utmost importance to control the interlayer twist angle on large scales. In this work, we report the precise control of interlayer twist angle in centimeter-scale stacked multilayer MoS2 homostructures via the combination of wafer-scale highly-oriented monolayer MoS2 growth techniques and a water-assisted transfer method. We confirm that the twist angle can continuously change the indirect bandgap of centimeter-scale stacked multilayer MoS2 homostructures, which is indicated by the photoluminescence peak shift. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the stack structure can affect the electrical properties of MoS2 homostructures, where 30° twist angle yields higher electron mobility. Our work provides a firm basis for the development of twistronics. Interlayer twist angle between vertically stacked 2D material layers can trigger exciting fundamental physics. Here, the authors report precise control of interlayer twist angle of stacked centimeter scale multilayer MoS2 homostructures that enables continuous change in their indirect bandgap, Moiré phonons and electrical properties.
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156
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Wang C, Jing L, Li X, Wang Y, Luo W, Yan P, Qu M, Wu Z. In 2Se 3 nanosheets for harmonic mode-locked fiber laser. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:295402. [PMID: 32209739 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials with a sheet structure have excellent optical, electrical and mechanical properties, and have attracted much attention in recent years, especially In2Se3 (the N-type semiconductor compound), which has a rapid development in the fields of materials science and optical communication. In this paper, the nonlinear saturation absorption characteristics of In2Se3 are studied. The In2Se3 nanosheet dispersion can be used in ultrafast photonics applications. The nonlinear absorption is measured by power dependent method, and the modulation depth and saturation intensity are 3.8% and 246.6 MW cm-2, respectively. More importantly, In2Se3 is used as a saturable absorber (SA) in a passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser. The proposed mode-locked fiber laser is demenstrated with a center wavelength of 1529.4 nm, a fundamental frequency of 5.9 MHz, a spectral width of 3.96 nm, a pulse width of 1.38 ps, and a signal-to-noise ratio of 55 dB. For the first time, harmonic mode-locking with a high-repetition rate of 431 MHz is achieved when the pump power is 360 mW corresponding to 73rd-order harmonic mode locking. It can be seen that In2Se3 is indeed a new excellent photonic material, which can be used in fiber optic communication, SAs photonics, laser material processing and light modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Electronic Engineering Institute, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710121, People's Republic of China
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157
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Raghunathan V, Deka J, Menon S, Biswas R, A.S LK. Nonlinear Optics in Dielectric Guided-Mode Resonant Structures and Resonant Metasurfaces. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E449. [PMID: 32344556 PMCID: PMC7231316 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonlinear optics is an important area of photonics research for realizing active optical functionalities such as light emission, frequency conversion, and ultrafast optical switching for applications in optical communication, material processing, precision measurements, spectroscopic sensing and label-free biological imaging. An emerging topic in nonlinear optics research is to realize high efficiency optical functionalities in ultra-small, sub-wavelength length scale structures by leveraging interesting optical resonances in surface relief metasurfaces. Such artificial surfaces can be engineered to support high quality factor resonances for enhanced nonlinear optical interaction by leveraging interesting physical mechanisms. The aim of this review article is to give an overview of the emerging field of nonlinear optics in dielectric based sub-wavelength periodic structures to realize efficient harmonic generators, wavelength mixers, optical switches etc. Dielectric metasurfaces support the realization of high quality-factor resonances with electric field concentrated either inside or in the vicinity of the dielectric media, while at the same time operate at high optical intensities without damage. The periodic dielectric structures considered here are broadly classified into guided-mode resonant structures and resonant metasurfaces. The basic physical mechanisms behind guided-mode resonances, electromagnetically-induced transparency like resonances and bound-states in continuum resonances in periodic photonic structures are discussed. Various nonlinear optical processes studied in such structures with example implementations are also reviewed. Finally, some future directions of interest in terms of realizing large-area metasurfaces, techniques for enhancing the efficiency of the nonlinear processes, heterogenous integration, and extension to non-conventional wavelength ranges in the ultra-violet and infrared region are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Raghunathan
- ECE Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; (J.D.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (L.K.A.S.)
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158
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Wu J, Yang Y, Qu Y, Jia L, Zhang Y, Xu X, Chu ST, Little BE, Morandotti R, Jia B, Moss DJ. 2D Layered Graphene Oxide Films Integrated with Micro-Ring Resonators for Enhanced Nonlinear Optics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906563. [PMID: 32159916 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Layered 2D graphene oxide (GO) films are integrated with micro-ring resonators (MRRs) to experimentally demonstrate enhanced nonlinear optics. Both uniformly coated (1-5 layers) and patterned (10-50 layers) GO films are integrated on complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible doped silica MRRs using a large-area, transfer-free, layer-by-layer GO coating method with precise control of the film thickness. The patterned devices further employ photolithography and lift-off processes to enable precise control of the film placement and coating length. Four-wave-mixing (FWM) measurements for different pump powers and resonant wavelengths show a significant improvement in efficiency of ≈7.6 dB for a uniformly coated device with 1 GO layer and ≈10.3 dB for a patterned device with 50 GO layers. The measurements agree well with theory, with the enhancement in FWM efficiency resulting from the high Kerr nonlinearity and low loss of the GO films combined with the strong light-matter interaction within the MRRs. The dependence of GO's third-order nonlinearity on layer number and pump power is also extracted from the FWM measurements, revealing interesting physical insights about the evolution of the GO films from 2D monolayers to quasi bulk-like behavior. These results confirm the high nonlinear optical performance of integrated photonic resonators incorporated with 2D layered GO films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Wu
- Center for Micro-Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yunyi Yang
- Center for Micro-Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yang Qu
- Center for Micro-Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Linnan Jia
- Center for Micro-Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Center for Micro-Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Xingyuan Xu
- Center for Micro-Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Sai T Chu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Brent E Little
- Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Roberto Morandotti
- INRS-Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Baohua Jia
- Center for Micro-Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - David J Moss
- Center for Micro-Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
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159
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Otero-de-la-Roza A, LeBlanc LM, Johnson ER. Asymptotic Pairwise Dispersion Corrections Can Describe Layered Materials Accurately. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2298-2302. [PMID: 32118447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A recent study by Tawfik et al. [ Phys. Rev. Mater. 2018, 2, 034005] found that few density functionals, none of which are asymptotic pairwise dispersion methods, describe the geometry and binding of layered materials accurately. Here, we show that the exchange-hole dipole moment (XDM) dispersion model attains excellent results for graphite, hexagonal BN, and transition-metal dichalcogenides. Contrary to what has been argued, successful modeling of layered materials does not necessitate meta-GGA exchange, nonlocal correlation functionals, or the inclusion of three-body dispersion terms. Rather, a GGA functional, combined with a simple asymptotic pairwise dispersion correction, can be reliably used, provided that it properly accounts for the geometric dependence of the dispersion coefficients. The overwhelming contribution to the variation of the pairwise dispersion coefficients comes from the immediate vicinity of an atom and is already present for single layers. Longer-range and interlayer effects are examined in detail for graphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Otero-de-la-Roza
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luc M LeBlanc
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Erin R Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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160
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Fan H, Zhang X, Zhao J, Li S, Hua S, Zhao M, Hu Y, Wan W, Zhai Y, Wen J, Jiang X, Xiao M. Controllable coupling between an ultra-high-Q microtoroid cavity and a graphene monolayer for optical filtering and switching applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:7906-7916. [PMID: 32225425 DOI: 10.1364/oe.388472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Whispering-gallery-mode optical microresonators have found impactful applications in various areas due to their remarkable properties such as ultra-high quality factor (Q-factor), small mode volume, and strong evanescent field. Among these applications, controllable tuning of the optical Q-factor is vital for on-chip optical modulation and various opto-electronic devices. Here, we report an experimental demonstration with a hybrid structure formed by an ultra-high-Q microtoroid cavity and a graphene monolayer. Thanks to the strong interaction of the evanescent wave with the graphene, the structure allows the Q-factor to be controllably varied in the range of 3.9 × 105 ∼ 6.2 × 107 by engineering optical absorption via changing the gap distance in between. At the same time, a resonant wavelength shift of 32 pm was also observed. Besides, the scheme enables us to approach the critical coupling with a coupling depth of 99.6%. As potential applications in integrated opto-electronic devices, we further use the system to realize a tunable optical filter with tunable bandwidth from 116.5 MHz to 2.2 GHz as well as an optical switch with a maximal extinction ratio of 31 dB and response time of 21 ms.
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161
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162
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Lu Y, Chen J, Chen T, Shu Y, Chang RJ, Sheng Y, Shautsova V, Mkhize N, Holdway P, Bhaskaran H, Warner JH. Controlling Defects in Continuous 2D GaS Films for High-Performance Wavelength-Tunable UV-Discriminating Photodetectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906958. [PMID: 31894630 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A chemical vapor deposition method is developed for thickness-controlled (one to four layers), uniform, and continuous films of both defective gallium(II) sulfide (GaS): GaS0.87 and stoichiometric GaS. The unique degradation mechanism of GaS0.87 with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy is studied, and it is found that the poor stability and weak optical signal from GaS are strongly related to photo-induced oxidation at defects. An enhanced stability of the stoichiometric GaS is demonstrated under laser and strong UV light, and by controlling defects in GaS, the photoresponse range can be changed from vis-to-UV to UV-discriminating. The stoichiometric GaS is suitable for large-scale, UV-sensitive, high-performance photodetector arrays for information encoding under large vis-light noise, with short response time (<66 ms), excellent UV photoresponsivity (4.7 A W-1 for trilayer GaS), and 26-times increase of signal-to-noise ratio compared with small-bandgap 2D semiconductors. By comprehensive characterizations from atomic-scale structures to large-scale device performances in 2D semiconductors, the study provides insights into the role of defects, the importance of neglected material-quality control, and how to enhance device performance, and both layer-controlled defective GaS0.87 and stoichiometric GaS prove to be promising platforms for study of novel phenomena and new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Tongxin Chen
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Yu Shu
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Ren-Jie Chang
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Yuewen Sheng
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Viktoryia Shautsova
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Nhlakanipho Mkhize
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Philip Holdway
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Harish Bhaskaran
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
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163
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Yao K, Yanev E, Chuang HJ, Rosenberger MR, Xu X, Darlington T, McCreary KM, Hanbicki AT, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Jonker BT, Zhu X, Basov DN, Hone JC, Schuck PJ. Continuous Wave Sum Frequency Generation and Imaging of Monolayer and Heterobilayer Two-Dimensional Semiconductors. ACS NANO 2020; 14:708-714. [PMID: 31891477 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report continuous-wave second harmonic and sum frequency generation from two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers and their heterostructures with pump irradiances several orders of magnitude lower than those of conventional pulsed experiments. The high nonlinear efficiency originates from above-gap excitons in the band nesting regions, as revealed by wavelength-dependent second order optical susceptibilities quantified in four common monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. Using sum frequency excitation spectroscopy and imaging, we identify and distinguish one- and two-photon resonances in both monolayers and heterobilayers. Data for heterostructures reveal responses from constituent layers accompanied by nonlinear signal correlated with interlayer transitions. We demonstrate spatial mapping of heterogeneous interlayer coupling by sum frequency and second harmonic confocal microscopy on heterobilayer MoSe2/WSe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Emanuil Yanev
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Hsun-Jen Chuang
- Materials Science & Technology Division , Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Matthew R Rosenberger
- Materials Science & Technology Division , Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Thomas Darlington
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
- Department of Physics , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Kathleen M McCreary
- Materials Science & Technology Division , Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Aubrey T Hanbicki
- Materials Science & Technology Division , Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , D.C. 20375 , United States
- Laboratory for Physical Sciences , College Park , Maryland 20740 , United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science , Tsukuba 305-0047 , Japan
| | | | - Berend T Jonker
- Materials Science & Technology Division , Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - P James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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164
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Sun M, Wang W, Zhao Q, Gan X, Sun Y, Jie W, Wang T. ε-InSe single crystals grown by a horizontal gradient freeze method. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01271h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Indium selenide (InSe) single crystals have been considered as promising candidates for future optical, electrical, and optoelectronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices
| | - Xuetao Gan
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanhui Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- California State University Northridge
- Northridge
- USA
| | - Wanqi Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices
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165
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Xu J, Li X, Xiong J, Yuan C, Semin S, Rasing T, Bu XH. Halide Perovskites for Nonlinear Optics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1806736. [PMID: 30883987 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites provide an ideal platform for engineering highly promising semiconductor materials for a wide range of applications in optoelectronic devices, such as photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and lasers. More recently, increasing research efforts have been directed toward the nonlinear optical properties of halide perovskites because of their unique chemical and electronic properties, which are of crucial importance for advancing their applications in next-generation photonic devices. Here, the current state of the art in the field of nonlinear optics (NLO) in halide perovskite materials is reviewed. Halide perovskites are categorized into hybrid organic/inorganic and pure inorganic ones, and their second-, third-, and higher-order NLO properties are summarized. The performance of halide perovskite materials in NLO devices such as upconversion lasers and ultrafast laser modulators is analyzed. Several potential perspectives and research directions of these promising materials for nonlinear optics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jianbo Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Chunqing Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Sergey Semin
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Rasing
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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166
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Zhang T, Wang J, Dan Y, Lanqiu Y, Dai J, Han X, Sun X, Xu K. Efficient training and design of photonic neural network through neuroevolution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:37150-37163. [PMID: 31878500 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.037150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, optical neural networks (ONNs) integrated into photonic chips have received extensive attention because they are expected to implement the same pattern recognition tasks in electronic platforms with high efficiency and low power consumption. However, there are no efficient learning algorithms for the training of ONNs on an on-chip integration system. In this article, we propose a novel learning strategy based on neuroevolution to design and train ONNs. Two typical neuroevolution algorithms are used to determine the hyper-parameters of ONNs and to optimize the weights (phase shifters) in the connections. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the training algorithms, the trained ONNs are applied in classification tasks for an iris plants dataset, a wine recognition dataset and modulation formats recognition. The calculated results demonstrate that the accuracy and stability of the training algorithms based on neuroevolution are competitive with other traditional learning algorithms. In comparison to previous works, we introduce an efficient training method for ONNs and demonstrate their broad application prospects in pattern recognition, reinforcement learning and so on.
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167
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Guan G, Han M. Functionalized Hybridization of 2D Nanomaterials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901837. [PMID: 31832321 PMCID: PMC6891915 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of graphene and subsequent verification of its unique properties have aroused great research interest to exploit diversified graphene-analogous 2D nanomaterials with fascinating physicochemical properties. Through either physical or chemical doping, linkage, adsorption, and hybridization with other functional species into or onto them, more novel/improved properties are readily created to extend/expand their functionalities and further achieve great performance. Here, various functionalized hybridizations by using different types of 2D nanomaterials are overviewed systematically with emphasis on their interaction formats (e.g., in-plane or inter plane), synergistic properties, and enhanced applications. As the most intensely investigated 2D materials in the post-graphene era, transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets are comprehensively investigated through their element doping, physical/chemical functionalization, and nanohybridization. Meanwhile, representative hybrids with more types of nanosheets are also presented to understand their unique surface structures and address the special requirements for better applications. More excitingly, the van der Waals heterostructures of diverse 2D materials are specifically summarized to add more functionality or flexibility into 2D material systems. Finally, the current research status and faced challenges are discussed properly and several perspectives are elaborately given to accelerate the rational fabrication of varied and talented 2D hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijian Guan
- Institute of Molecular PlusTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Ming‐Yong Han
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringA*STAR2 Fusionopolis WaySingapore138634Singapore
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168
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Kim S, Fröch JE, Gardner A, Li C, Aharonovich I, Solntsev AS. Second-harmonic generation in multilayer hexagonal boron nitride flakes. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:5792-5795. [PMID: 31774781 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.005792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we report the second-harmonic generation (SHG) from thick hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) flakes with approximately 109-111 layers. The resulting effective second-order susceptibility is similar to previously reported few-layer experiments. This confirms that thick hBN flakes can serve as a platform for nonlinear optics, which is useful because thick flakes are easy to exfoliate while retaining a large size. We also show spatial second-harmonic maps revealing that SHG remains a useful tool for the characterization of the layer structure, even in the case of a large number of layers.
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169
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Löchner FJF, Mupparapu R, Steinert M, George A, Tang Z, Turchanin A, Pertsch T, Staude I, Setzpfandt F. Controlling second-harmonic diffraction by nano-patterning MoS 2 monolayers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:35475-35484. [PMID: 31878718 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.035475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides have a strong second-order nonlinear response enabling second-harmonic generation. Here, we control the spatial radiation properties of the generated second harmonic by patterning MoS2 monolayers using focused ion beam milling. We observe diffraction of the second harmonic into the zero and first diffraction orders via an inscribed one-dimensional grating. Additionally, we included a fork-like singularity into the grating to create a vortex beam in the first diffraction order.
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170
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Gu J, Zhang C, Du Z, Yang S. Rapid and Low-Temperature Salt-Templated Production of 2D Metal Oxide/Oxychloride/Hydroxide. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1904587. [PMID: 31556236 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
2D materials have played an important role in electronics, sensors, optics, electrocatalysis, and energy storage. Many methods for the preparation of 2D materials have been explored. It is crucial to develop a high-yield, rapid, and low-temperature method to synthesize 2D materials. A general, fast (5 min), and low-temperature (≈100 °C) salt (CoCl2 ·6H2 O)-templated method is proposed to prepare series of 2D metal oxides/oxychlorides/hydroxides in large scale, such as MoO3 , SnO2 , SiO2 , BiOCl, Sb4 O5 Cl2 , Zn2 Co3 (OH)10 2H2 O, and ZnCo2 O4 . The as-synthesized 2D materials possess an ultrathin feature (2-7 nm) and large aspect ratios. Additionally, these 2D metal oxides/oxychlorides/hydroxides exhibit good electrochemical properties in energy storage (lithium/sodium-ion batteries) and electrocatalysis (hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Du
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Shubin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
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171
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Zhou S, Chen K, Cole MT, Li Z, Chen J, Li C, Dai Q. Ultrafast Field-Emission Electron Sources Based on Nanomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805845. [PMID: 30724407 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The search for electron sources with simultaneous optimal spatial and temporal resolution has become an area of intense activity for a wide variety of applications in the emerging fields of lightwave electronics and attosecond science. Most recently, increasing efforts are focused on the investigation of ultrafast field-emission phenomena of nanomaterials, which not only are fascinating from a fundamental scientific point of view, but also are of interest for a range of potential applications. Here, the current state-of-the-art in ultrafast field-emission, particularly sub-optical-cycle field emission, based on various nanostructures (e.g., metallic nanotips, carbon nanotubes) is reviewed. A number of promising nanomaterials and possible future research directions are also established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghan Zhou
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Matthew Thomas Cole
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chi Li
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qing Dai
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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172
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Du L, Tang J, Liang J, Liao M, Jia Z, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Yang R, Shi D, Gu L, Xiang J, Liu K, Sun Z, Zhang G. Giant Valley Coherence at Room Temperature in 3R WS 2 with Broken Inversion Symmetry. RESEARCH 2019; 2019:6494565. [PMID: 31922136 PMCID: PMC6946257 DOI: 10.34133/2019/6494565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Breaking the space-time symmetries in materials can markedly influence their electronic and optical properties. In 3R-stacked transition metal dichalcogenides, the explicitly broken inversion symmetry enables valley-contrasting Berry curvature and quantization of electronic angular momentum, providing an unprecedented platform for valleytronics. Here, we study the valley coherence of 3R WS2 large single-crystal with thicknesses ranging from monolayer to octalayer at room temperature. Our measurements demonstrate that both A and B excitons possess robust and thickness-independent valley coherence. The valley coherence of direct A (B) excitons can reach 0.742 (0.653) with excitation conditions on resonance with it. Such giant and thickness-independent valley coherence of large single-crystal 3R WS2 at room temperature would provide a firm foundation for quantum manipulation of the valley degree of freedom and practical application of valleytronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luojun Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Jian Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation, Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhou Liao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhiyan Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanchong Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dongxia Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Nanodevices, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianyong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation, Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland.,QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Nanodevices, Beijing 100190, China.,Songshan-Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808 Guangdong Province, China
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173
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Wei Y, Xu X, Wang S, Li W, Jiang Y. Second harmonic generation in Janus MoSSe a monolayer and stacked bulk with vertical asymmetry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21022-21029. [PMID: 31528892 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03395e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A recently synchronized Janus TMD material with broken out-of-plane symmetry offers a vertical dipole to enhance nonlinear optical behavior. Here, by comparing the second harmonic generation properties of MoS2 and MoSSe monolayers, we investigated the nonzero out-of-plane SHG susceptibilities of a Janus MoSSe 2D material. A three-fold enhancement of out-of-plane SHG susceptibilities exists in three stacked bulks of Janus MoSSe compared to that in the monolayer. A sensitivity to their stack pattern is also found. The broken out-of-plane symmetry, vertical dipole, and intrinsic tunable electronic properties of Janus two-dimensional materials make MoSSe a promising nanomaterial for nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wei
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Songsong Wang
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Weiqi Li
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Yongyuan Jiang
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China and Key Lab of Micro-Optics and Photonic Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China and Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin, China
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174
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Du L, Lu D, Li J, Yang K, Yang L, Huang B, Yi J, Yi Q, Miao L, Qi X, Zhao C, Zhong J, Wen S. Broadband Nonlinear Optical Response of Single-Crystalline Bismuth Thin Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:35863-35870. [PMID: 31430114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth (Bi), a topological material, where many interesting condensed matter phenomena have been observed, possesses unique physical properties when its thickness is reduced to thin film. Here, we prepared the highly stable, single-crystalline, continuous Bi thin film via the vapor deposition (VD) method and found that the Bi thin film can exhibit broadband, ultrafast nonlinear optical response with low saturable intensity ranging from the near-infrared to mid-infrared spectral range under strong excitation. Moreover, we demonstrated that the Bi thin film was favorable to act as a nonlinear pulse modulator toward a high performance pulsed laser operating in optical communication and mid-infrared wavelengths. The experimental results highlight the prospects of Bi thin film as broadband pulsed modulators and may open new avenues toward advanced Bi-based broadband photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Du
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Donglin Lu
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Lingling Yang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Jun Yi
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Qian Yi
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Lili Miao
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Xiang Qi
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , China
| | - Chujun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Jianxin Zhong
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , China
| | - Shuangchun Wen
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
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175
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Zhang S, Shen C, Kislyakov IM, Dong N, Ryzhov A, Zhang X, Belousova IM, Nunzi JM, Wang J. Photonic-crystal-based broadband graphene saturable absorber. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:4785-4788. [PMID: 31568442 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced saturable absorption (SA) of a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PC) made from polymers and graphene composites by spin coating is observed. It shows obvious bandgaps at two wavelengths in transmittance. Femtosecond Z-scan measurement at 515 nm and 1030 nm reveals a distinct enhancement in the effective nonlinear absorption coefficient βeff for graphene nanoflakes embedded in the PC, when compared with the bulk graphene-polymer composite. The effect is studied in a wide range of laser intensities. Graphene inclusion into a 1D PC remarkably decreases the SA threshold and saturation intensity, providing a desired solution for an advanced all-optical laser mode-locking device.
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176
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Biswas R, Dandu M, Menon S, Jha KK, K M J, Majumdar K, Raghunathan V. Third-harmonic generation in multilayer Tin Diselenide under the influence of Fabry-Perot interference effects. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:28855-28865. [PMID: 31684630 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.028855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional layered materials are in general known to exhibit strong layer dependent nonlinear optical response owing to the crystal symmetry and associated phase matching considerations. Here we report up-conversion of 1550 nm incident light using third-harmonic generation (THG) in multilayered tin di-selenide (SnSe2) and study its thickness dependence by simultaneously acquiring spatially-resolved images in the forward and backward propagation direction. We find good agreement between the experimental measurements and a coupled-wave equation model we have developed when including the effect of Fabry-Perot interference between the SnSe2 layer and the surrounding medium. We extract the magnitude of the third order electronic nonlinear optical susceptibility of SnSe2, for the first time to our knowledge, by comparing its nonlinear response with a glass substrate and find this to be ∼1500 times higher than that of glass. We also study the polarization dependence and find good agreement with the expected angular dependence of nonlinear polarization considering the crystal symmetry of SnSe2. The large nonlinear optical susceptibility of multi-layer SnSe2 makes it a promising material for studying nonlinear optical effects. This work demonstrates that in addition to the large inherent nonlinear optical susceptibility, the high refractive index of these materials and optical absorption above the bandgap strongly influence the overall nonlinear optical response and its thickness dependence characteristics.
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177
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Dasgupta A, Gao J, Yang X. Atomically Thin Nonlinear Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Holograms. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6511-6516. [PMID: 31419147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear holography enables optical beam generation and holographic image reconstruction at new frequencies other than the excitation fundamental frequency, providing pathways toward unprecedented applications in optical information processing and data security. So far, plasmonic metasurfaces with the thickness of tens of nanometers have been mostly adopted for realizing nonlinear holograms with the potential of on-chip integration but suffering from low conversion efficiency and high absorption loss. Here, we report a nonlinear transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) hologram with high conversion efficiency and atomic thickness made of only single nanopatterned tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayer, for producing optical vortex beams and Airy beams as well as reconstructing complex holographic images at the second harmonic (SH) frequency. Our concept of nonlinear TMD holograms paves the way toward not only the understanding of light-matter interactions at the atomic level but the integration of functional TMD-based devices with atomic thickness into the next-generation photonic circuits for optical communication, high-density optical data storage, and information security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Dasgupta
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Missouri University of Science and Technology , Rolla , Missouri 65409 , United States
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Missouri University of Science and Technology , Rolla , Missouri 65409 , United States
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Missouri University of Science and Technology , Rolla , Missouri 65409 , United States
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178
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Miao R, Hu Y, Ouyang H, Tang Y, Zhang C, You J, Zheng X, Xu Z, Cheng X, Jiang T. A polarized nonlinear optical response in a topological insulator Bi 2Se 3-Au nanoantenna hybrid-structure for all-optical switching. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:14598-14606. [PMID: 31305823 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02616a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear plasmons are becoming an appealing and intriguing research area due to their remarkable light concentration and manipulation abilities. In this work, the nonlinear absorption (NLA) phenomena of polarized nanoantenna arrays coupled with the low dimensional topological insulator Bi2Se3 are studied at different excitation wavelengths. Our experimental results indicate that a significant enhancement in the linear absorption coefficient is achieved by localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance, with enhancement factors that are 10- and 8-fold in magnitude for the cases of 800 nm (y polarization) and 970 nm (x polarization), respectively. Moreover, by polarization sensitive studies under 800 nm laser excitation, this new Bi2Se3-Au nanoantenna hybrid-structure exhibits adverse absorption responses of enhancement and suppression compared to pure Bi2Se3 film, providing excellent potential for applications in information converters. In particular, under 800 nm pump light (10 GW cm-2), the transmittance intensity of 450 nm or 1064 nm continuous wave (CW) probe light alters back and forth when the polarization direction changes by 90°. Thus, "ON" and "OFF" modes of this Bi2Se3-Au nanoantenna hybrid structure-based switch are achieved by using 450 nm and 1064 nm light, respectively, with a corresponding modulation depth of 3.4% and 21.9%, which can be applied in versatile photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runlin Miao
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
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179
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Niehues I, Blob A, Stiehm T, Michaelis de Vasconcellos S, Bratschitsch R. Interlayer excitons in bilayer MoS 2 under uniaxial tensile strain. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12788-12792. [PMID: 31245801 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03332g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have unique mechanical and optical properties. They are extremely flexible and exhibit a strong optical absorption at their excitonic resonances. Excitons in TMDC monolayers are strongly influenced by mechanical strain. Their energy shifts and even their line widths change. In bilayers, intralayer excitons with electrons and holes residing in the same layer also shift their energy with the applied strain. Recently, interlayer excitons with electrons and holes in different layers have been observed in bilayer MoS2 at room temperature. Here, we report on the behavior of interlayer excitons in bilayer MoS2 under uniaxial tensile strain of up to 1.6%. By recording the differential transmission spectra for different strain values, we derive a gauge factor of -47 meV per % for the energy shift of the interlayer exciton, which is similar to -49 meV per % for the intralayer A and B excitons. Our finding confirms the origin of the interlayer exciton at the K point in the Brillouin zone, with the electron located in one layer and the hole delocalized over two layers. Furthermore, our work paves the way for future straintronic devices based on interlayer excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Niehues
- Institute of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Anna Blob
- Institute of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Torsten Stiehm
- Institute of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | | | - Rudolf Bratschitsch
- Institute of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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180
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Zou W, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Hu X. Dissolved Oxygen and Visible Light Irradiation Drive the Structural Alterations and Phytotoxicity Mitigation of Single-Layer Molybdenum Disulfide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7759-7769. [PMID: 31198033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding environmental fate is a prerequisite for the safe application of nanoparticles. However, the fundamental persistence and environmental transformation of single-layer molybdenum disulfide (SLMoS2, a 2D nanosheet attracting substantial attention in various fields) remain largely unknown. The present work found that the dissolution of SLMoS2 was pH and dissolved oxygen dependent and that alterations in phase composition significantly occur under visible light irradiation. The 1T phase was preferentially oxidized to yield soluble species (MoO42- and SO42-), and the 2H phase remained as a residual. The transformed SLMoS2 exhibited a ribbon-like and multilayered structure and low colloidal stability due to the loss of surface charge. Dissolved oxygen competitively captured the electrons of SLMoS2 to generate superoxide radicals and accelerated the dissolution of nanosheets. Compared to pristine 1T-phase SLMoS2, the transformed 2H-phase SLMoS2 could not easily enter algal cells and induced a low developmental inhibition, oxidative stress, plasmolysis, photosynthetic toxicity and metabolic perturbation. The downregulation of amino acids and upregulation of unsaturated fatty acids contributed to the higher toxicity of 1T-phase SLMoS2. The dissolved ions did not induce apparent phytotoxicity. The connections between environmental transformation (phase change and ion release) and phytotoxicity provide insights into the safe design and evaluation of 2D nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
| | - Xingli Zhang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
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181
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Hu D, Chen K, Chen X, Guo X, Liu M, Dai Q. Tunable Modal Birefringence in a Low-Loss Van Der Waals Waveguide. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807788. [PMID: 31074913 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals (vdW) crystals are promising candidates for integrated phase retardation applications due to their large optical birefringence. Among the two major types of vdW materials, the hyperbolic vdW crystals are inherently inadequate for optical retardation applications since the supported polaritonic modes are exclusively transverse-magnetic (TM) polarized and relatively lossy. Elliptic vdW crystals, on the other hand, represent a superior choice. For example, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) is a natural uniaxial vdW crystal with extreme elliptic anisotropy in the frequency range of optical communication. Both transverse-electric (TE) polarized ordinary and TM polarized extraordinary waveguide modes can be supported in MoS2 microcrystals with suitable thicknesses. In this work, low-loss transmission of these guided modes is demonstrated with nano-optical imaging at the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength (1530 nm). More importantly, by combining theoretical calculations and NIR nanoimaging, the modal birefringence between the orthogonally polarized TE and TM modes is shown to be tunable in both sign and magnitude via varying the thickness of the MoS2 microcrystal. This tunability represents a unique new opportunity to control the polarization behavior of photons with vdW materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debo Hu
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Xiangdong Guo
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Qing Dai
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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182
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Zhou N, Gan L, Yang R, Wang F, Li L, Chen Y, Li D, Zhai T. Nonlayered Two-Dimensional Defective Semiconductor γ-Ga 2S 3 toward Broadband Photodetection. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6297-6307. [PMID: 31082203 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit high sensitivity to structural defects due to the nature of interface-type materials, and the corresponding structural defects can effectively modulate their inherent properties in turn, giving them a wide application range in high-performance and functional devices. 2D γ-Ga2S3 is a defective semiconductor with outstanding optoelectronic properties. However, its controllable preparation has not been implemented yet, which hinders exploring its potential applications. In this work, we introduce nonlayered γ-Ga2S3 into the 2D materials family, which was successfully synthesized via the space-confined chemical vapor deposition method. Its intriguing defective structure are revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and temperature-dependent cathodoluminescence spectra, which endow the γ-Ga2S3-based device with a broad photoresponse from the ultraviolet to near-infrared region and excellent photoelectric conversion capability. Simultaneously, the device also exhibits excellent ultraviolet detection ability ( Rλ = 61.3 A W-1, Ion /Ioff = 851, EQE = 2.17× 104 %, D* = 1.52× 1010 Jones @350 nm), and relatively fast response (15 ms). This work provides a feasible way to fabricate ultrathin nonlayered materials and explore the potential applications of a 2D defective semiconductor in high-performance broadband photodetection, which also suggests a promising future of defect creation in optimizing photoelectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Xidian University , Xi'an 710126 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rusen Yang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Xidian University , Xi'an 710126 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fakun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yicong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dehui Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
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183
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Dasgupta A, Gao J, Yang X. Second-harmonic optical vortex conversion from WS 2 monolayer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8780. [PMID: 31217520 PMCID: PMC6584687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wavelength, polarization and orbital angular momentum of light are important degrees of freedom for processing and encoding information in optical communication. Over the years, the generation and conversion of orbital angular momentum in nonlinear optical media has found many novel applications in the context of optical communication and quantum information processing. With that hindsight, here orbital angular momentum conversion of optical vortices through second-harmonic generation from only one atomically thin WS2 monolayer is demonstrated at room temperature. Moreover, it is shown that the valley-contrasting physics associated with the nonlinear optical selection rule in WS2 monolayer precisely determines the output circular polarization state of the generated second-harmonic vortex. These results pave the way for building future miniaturized valleytronic devices with atomic-scale thickness for many applications such as chiral photon emission, nonlinear beam generation, optoelectronics, and quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Dasgupta
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA.
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184
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Rouzhahong Y, Zhang B, Abudurusuli A, Pan S, Yang Z. Be 2CO 3F 2 Monolayer: A Flexible Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Material via Rational Design. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7715-7721. [PMID: 31120746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional monolayer materials with attractive properties and novel applications are of present research interest. In this contribution, we design a new monolayer Be2CO3F2 (BCF) by taking a KBe2BO3F2 unique crystal that is able to produce a high energetic laser by a direct second harmonic generation method, as a parent. The cohesive energy, positive phonon modes, and elastic constants reveal that the BCF monolayer is dynamically and mechanically stable, and the appropriate cleavage energy predicts the experimental realization possibility. The property investigations demonstrated that the monolayer BCF has the significantly superiority in flexibility over the representative flexible optoelectronic material MoS2 based on the calculation of Young's modulus. Additionally, the monolayer BCF possesses both a large band gap (5.2 eV) and a second harmonic generation response. These results demonstrate that the monolayer BCF may provide better applications as a promising multifunctional material in the flexible nonlinear optical fields. We hope that this research will pave a new way for designing new generation multifunctional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilimiranmu Rouzhahong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices , Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry , 40-1 South Beijing Road , Urumqi 830011 , China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices , Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry , 40-1 South Beijing Road , Urumqi 830011 , China
| | - Ailijiang Abudurusuli
- CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices , Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry , 40-1 South Beijing Road , Urumqi 830011 , China
| | - Shilie Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices , Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry , 40-1 South Beijing Road , Urumqi 830011 , China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices , Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry , 40-1 South Beijing Road , Urumqi 830011 , China
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185
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Li D, Wei C, Song J, Huang X, Wang F, Liu K, Xiong W, Hong X, Cui B, Feng A, Jiang L, Lu Y. Anisotropic Enhancement of Second-Harmonic Generation in Monolayer and Bilayer MoS 2 by Integrating with TiO 2 Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:4195-4204. [PMID: 31136188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to design and enhance the nonlinear optical responses in two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is both of fundamental interest and highly desirable for developing TMDC-based nonlinear optical applications, such as nonlinear convertors and optical modulators. Here, we report for the first time a strong anisotropic enhancement of optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) in monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) by integrating with one-dimensional (1D) titanium dioxide nanowires (NWs). The SHG signal from the MoS2/NW hybrid structures is over 2 orders of magnitude stronger than that in the bare monolayer MoS2. Polarized SHG measurements revealed a giant anisotropy in SHG response of the MoS2/NW hybrid. The pattern of the anisotropic SHG depends highly on the stacking angle between the nanowire direction and the MoS2 crystal orientation, which is attributed to the 1D NW-induced directional strain fields in the layered MoS2. A similar effect has also been observed in bilayer MoS2/NW hybrid structure, further proving the proposed scenario. This work provides an effective approach to selectively and directionally designing the nonlinear optical response of layered TMDCs, paving the way for developing high-performance, anisotropic nonlinear photonic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Chengyiran Wei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Nebraska--Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0511 , United States
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430074 , China
| | - Jingfeng Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Nebraska--Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0511 , United States
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430074 , China
| | - Xia Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Bai Cui
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Aixin Feng
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Laser Micro/Nano-Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yongfeng Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Nebraska--Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0511 , United States
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186
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Wei WJ, Jiang XX, Dong LY, Liu WW, Han XB, Qin Y, Li K, Li W, Lin ZS, Bu XH, Lu PX. Regulating Second-Harmonic Generation by van der Waals Interactions in Two-dimensional Lead Halide Perovskite Nanosheets. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9134-9139. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Engineering Research Institute, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xing-Xing Jiang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li-Yuan Dong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei-Wei Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Han
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhe-Shuai Lin
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Pei-Xiang Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
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187
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He C, Zhao Q, Huang Y, Zhu L, Zhang S, Bai J, Xu X. Nonlinear Optical Response in Graphene/WX 2 (X = S, Se, and Te) van der Waals Heterostructures. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2090-2100. [PMID: 30973733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Light-frequency conversion based on two-dimensional (2D) materials is of great importance for modern nano- and integrated photonics. Herein, we report both the intrinsic (from the pure WX2 (X = S, Se, and Te)) and extrinsic (from the interface of graphene/WX2) second-order nonlinear coefficient tensor from graphene/WX2 van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures by first-principles calculations. The prominent peaks in the dispersion relation of the intrinsic second-order nonlinear coefficient in monolayer WX2 are due to the Van Hove singularity in the high-symmetry point or along the high-symmetry line with high joint density of states. The enhanced nonlinear optical response in the infrared band can be achieved in graphene/WS2 vdW heterostructures, resulting from the interlayer charge transfer between graphene and WS2. The value of the intrinsic second-order nonlinear coefficients of graphene/WSe2 vdW heterostructures is 1.5 times larger than that of pure monolayer WSe2 at the band gap energy of monolayer WSe2 because of the enhanced carrier generation after the heterostructure formation. Different from pure monolayer WX2, azimuthal angle-dependent second harmonic generation from graphene/WX2 vdW heterostructures exhibits extraordinary rotational symmetry at different photon energies, which can be used to deduce the extrinsic second-order nonlinear coefficient. These results pave the way for the nonlinear optical coefficient design based on 2D heterostructures for nonlinear nanophotonics and integrated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- School of Science , Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications , Xi'an 710121 , China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
| | - Lipeng Zhu
- School of Electronic Engineering , Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications , Xi'an 710121 , China
| | - Sujuan Zhang
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
| | - Jintao Bai
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
| | - Xinlong Xu
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments , Guilin University of Electronic Technology , Guilin 541004 , China
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188
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Liang J, Wang J, Zhang Z, Su Y, Guo Y, Qiao R, Song P, Gao P, Zhao Y, Jiao Q, Wu S, Sun Z, Yu D, Liu K. Universal Imaging of Full Strain Tensor in 2D Crystals with Third-Harmonic Generation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1808160. [PMID: 30920702 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Quantitatively mapping and monitoring the strain distribution in 2D materials is essential for their physical understanding and function engineering. Optical characterization methods are always appealing due to unique noninvasion and high-throughput advantages. However, all currently available optical spectroscopic techniques have application limitation, e.g., photoluminescence spectroscopy is for direct-bandgap semiconducting materials, Raman spectroscopy is for ones with Raman-active and strain-sensitive phonon modes, and second-harmonic generation spectroscopy is only for noncentrosymmetric ones. Here, a universal methodology to measure the full strain tensor in any 2D crystalline material by polarization-dependent third-harmonic generation is reported. This technique utilizes the third-order nonlinear optical response being a universal property in 2D crystals and the nonlinear susceptibility has a one-to-one correspondence to strain tensor via a photoelastic tensor. The photoelastic tensor of both a noncentrosymmetric D3h WS2 monolayer and a centrosymmetric D3d WS2 bilayer is successfully determined, and the strain tensor distribution in homogenously strained and randomly strained monolayer WS2 is further mapped. In addition, an atlas of photoelastic tensors to monitor the strain distribution in 2D materials belonging to all 32 crystallographic point groups is provided. This universal characterization on strain tensor should facilitate new functionality designs and accelerate device applications in 2D-materials-based electronic, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jinhuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yingze Su
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yi Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ruixi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peizhao Song
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qingze Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shiwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Micro- and Nanosciences, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Dapeng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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189
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Dandu M, Biswas R, Das S, Kallatt S, Chatterjee S, Mahajan M, Raghunathan V, Majumdar K. Strong Single- and Two-Photon Luminescence Enhancement by Nonradiative Energy Transfer across Layered Heterostructure. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4795-4803. [PMID: 30875198 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The strong light-matter interaction in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is promising for nanoscale optoelectronics with their direct band gap nature and the ultrafast radiative decay of the strongly bound excitons these materials host. However, the impeded amount of light absorption imposed by the ultrathin nature of the monolayers impairs their viability in photonic applications. Using a layered heterostructure of a monolayer TMD stacked on top of strongly absorbing, nonluminescent, multilayer SnSe2, we show that both single-photon and two-photon luminescence from the TMD monolayer can be enhanced by a factor of 14 and 7.5, respectively. This is enabled through interlayer dipole-dipole coupling induced nonradiative Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from SnSe2 underneath, which acts as a scavenger of the light unabsorbed by the monolayer TMD. The design strategy exploits the near-resonance between the direct energy gap of SnSe2 and the excitonic gap of monolayer TMD, the smallest possible separation between donor and acceptor facilitated by van der Waals heterojunction, and the in-plane orientation of dipoles in these layered materials. The FRET-driven uniform single- and two-photon luminescence enhancement over the entire junction area is advantageous over the local enhancement in quantum dot or plasmonic structure integrated 2D layers and is promising for improving quantum efficiency in imaging, optoelectronic, and photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Dandu
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
| | - Rabindra Biswas
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
| | - Sarthak Das
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
| | - Sangeeth Kallatt
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
| | - Suman Chatterjee
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
| | - Mehak Mahajan
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
| | - Varun Raghunathan
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
| | - Kausik Majumdar
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
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190
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Hao Q, Yi H, Su H, Wei B, Wang Z, Lao Z, Chai Y, Wang Z, Jin C, Dai J, Zhang W. Phase Identification and Strong Second Harmonic Generation in Pure ε-InSe and Its Alloys. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2634-2640. [PMID: 30841699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional material indium selenide (InSe) has offered a new platform for fundamental research in virtue of its emerging fascinating properties. Unlike 2H-phase transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), ε phase InSe with a hexagonal unit cell possesses broken inversion symmetry in all the layer numbers, and predicted to have a strong second harmonic generation (SHG) effect. In this work, we find that the as-prepared pure InSe, alloyed InSe1- xTe x and InSe1- xS x ( x = 0.1 and 0.2) are ε phase structures and exhibit excellent SHG performance from few-layer to bulk-like dimension. This high SHG efficiency is attributed to the noncentrosymmetric crystal structure of the ε-InSe system, which has been clearly verified by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images. The experimental results show that the SHG intensities from multilayer pure ε-InSe and alloyed InSe0.9Te0.1 and InSe1- xS x ( x = 0.1 and 0.2) are around 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the monolayer TMD systems and even superior to that of GaSe with the same thickness. The estimated nonlinear susceptibility χ(2) of ε-InSe is larger than that of ε-GaSe and monolayer TMDs. Our study provides first-hand information about the phase identification of ε-InSe and indicates an excellent candidate for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications as well as the possibility of engineering SHG response by alloying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Hao
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , P. R. China
| | - Huan Yi
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , P. R. China
| | - Huimin Su
- Department of Physics , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Bin Wei
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory , Av. Mestre Jose Veiga , P-4715330 Braga , Portugal
| | - Zhuo Wang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , P. R. China
| | - Zhezhu Lao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Chai
- Department of Applied Physics , Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong 999077 , P. R. China
| | - Zhongchang Wang
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory , Av. Mestre Jose Veiga , P-4715330 Braga , Portugal
| | - Chuanhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Dai
- Department of Physics , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , P. R. China
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191
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Li Z, Li R, Pang C, Dong N, Wang J, Yu H, Chen F. 8.8 GHz Q-switched mode-locked waveguide lasers modulated by PtSe 2 saturable absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:8727-8737. [PMID: 31052685 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.008727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate high-repetition-rate fundamentally Q-switched mode-locked Nd:YAG waveguide laser modulated by platinum diselenide (PtSe2) saturable absorber. The laser operation platform is a femtosecond laser-written monolithic Nd:YAG waveguide, and the saturable absorber is large-area few-layer PtSe2 that possesses relatively lower saturation intensity and higher modulation depth in comparison with graphene. With the superb ultrafast nonlinear saturable absorption properties of as-synthesized PtSe2, the waveguide laser could operate at ~8.8 GHz repetition rate and ~27 ps pulse duration, while maintaining a relatively high slope efficiency of 26% and high stability with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) up to 54 dB. Our work indicates the promising applications of laser-written Nd:YAG waveguides and atomically thin PtSe2 for on-chip integration of GHz laser sources toward higher repetition rates and shorter pulse duration.
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192
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Hu H, Yang X, Guo X, Khaliji K, Biswas SR, García de Abajo FJ, Low T, Sun Z, Dai Q. Gas identification with graphene plasmons. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1131. [PMID: 30850594 PMCID: PMC6408516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of gas molecules plays a key role a wide range of applications extending from healthcare to security. However, the most widely used gas nano-sensors are based on electrical approaches or refractive index sensing, which typically are unable to identify molecular species. Here, we report label-free identification of gas molecules SO2, NO2, N2O, and NO by detecting their rotational-vibrational modes using graphene plasmon. The detected signal corresponds to a gas molecule layer adsorbed on the graphene surface with a concentration of 800 zeptomole per μm2, which is made possible by the strong field confinement of graphene plasmons and high physisorption of gas molecules on the graphene nanoribbons. We further demonstrate a fast response time (<1 min) of our devices, which enables real-time monitoring of gaseous chemical reactions. The demonstration and understanding of gas molecule identification using graphene plasmonic nanostructures open the door to various emerging applications, including in-breath diagnostics and monitoring of volatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hu
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Guo
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Kaveh Khaliji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Sudipta Romen Biswas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.,ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tony Low
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland. .,QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland.
| | - Qing Dai
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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193
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Xue H, Dai Y, Kim W, Wang Y, Bai X, Qi M, Halonen K, Lipsanen H, Sun Z. High photoresponsivity and broadband photodetection with a band-engineered WSe 2/SnSe 2 heterostructure. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:3240-3247. [PMID: 30706932 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09248f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures formed by stacking different two-dimensional layered materials have been demonstrated as a promising platform for next-generation photonic and optoelectronic devices due to their tailorable band-engineering properties. Here, we report a high photoresponsivity and broadband photodetector based on a WSe2/SnSe2 heterostructure. By properly biasing the heterostructure, its band structure changes from near-broken band alignment to type-III band alignment which enables high photoresponsivity from visible to telecommunication wavelengths. The highest photoresponsivity and detectivity at 532 nm are ∼588 A W-1 and 4.4 × 1010 Jones and those at 1550 nm are ∼80 A W-1 and 1.4 × 1010 Jones, which are superior to those of the current state-of-the-art layered transition metal dichalcogenides based photodetectors under similar measurement conditions. Our work not only provides a new method for designing high-performance broadband photodetectors but also enables a deep understanding of the band engineering technology in the vdW heterostructures possible for other applications, such as modulators and lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xue
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland.
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194
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Xia Y, Dai Y, Wang B, Chen A, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Guan F, Liu X, Shi L, Zi J. Polarization dependent plasmonic modes in elliptical graphene disk arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:1080-1089. [PMID: 30696179 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic modes at mid-infrared wavelengths in elliptical graphene disk arrays were studied. Theoretically, analytical expressions for the modes and their dependence on the size, Fermi energy and the permittivity of substrate materials of the ellipses were derived. Experimentally, the elliptical graphene disks were fabricated and their plasmonic modes were characterized with the polarization-resolved extinction spectra. Both experimental and analytical results show that two electrical dipole modes, whose dipole moments are orthogonal to each other and along the major and minor axis of the ellipse respectively, exist in the elliptical disks. By adjusting the polarization directions of the incident light, the two orthogonal plasmonic modes could be excited either together or separately, showing that the optical properties of elliptical graphene disks are highly polarization dependent. By using ultraviolet illumination to change the Fermi energy of the elliptical graphene disks, the two modes can be tuned dynamically. Moreover, the highly polarization dependent modes are able to couple with the surface phonons of the substrate, leading to polarized plasmon-phonon polaritons. Thus the elliptical graphene disks can provide more degrees of freedom to design the mid-infrared polarization-resolved photonic devices.
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195
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Guo Q, Qin Z, Wang Z, Weng YX, Liu X, Xie G, Qiu J. Broadly Tunable Plasmons in Doped Oxide Nanoparticles for Ultrafast and Broadband Mid-Infrared All-Optical Switching. ACS NANO 2018; 12:12770-12777. [PMID: 30495926 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmons in conducting nanostructures offer the means to efficiently manipulate light at the nanoscale with subpicosecond speed in an all-optical operation fashion, thus allowing for construction of high performance all-optical signal-processing devices. Here, by exploiting the ultrafast nonlinear optical properties of broadly tunable mid-infrared (MIR) plasmons in solution-processed, degenerately doped oxide nanoparticles, we demonstrate ultrafast all-optical switching in the MIR region, which features subpicosecond response speed (with recovery time constant of <400 fs) as well as an ultrabroadband response spectral range (covering 3.0-5.0 μm). Furthermore, with the degenerately doped nanoparticles as Q-switch, pulsed fiber lasers covering 2.0-3.5 μm were constructed, of which a watt-level fiber laser at 3.0 μm band shows superior overall performance among previously reported passively Q-switched fiber lasers at the same band. Notably, the degenerately doped nanoparticles show great potential to work in the spectral range over 3.0 μm, which is beyond the accessibility of commercially available but expensive semiconducting saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). Our work demonstrates a versatile while cost-effective material solution to ultrafast photonics in the technologically important MIR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangbing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Zhipeng Qin
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), School of Physics and Astronomy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Zhuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yu-Xiang Weng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Guoqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), School of Physics and Astronomy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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196
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Xin X, Liu F, Yan XQ, Hui W, Zhao X, Gao X, Liu ZB, Tian JG. Two-photon absorption and non-resonant electronic nonlinearities of layered semiconductor TlGaS 2. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:33895-33905. [PMID: 30650821 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.033895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast nonlinear optical properties of bulk TlGaS2 crystal, a semiconductor with a layered structure, are studied by combining intensity dependent transmission, time-resolved transient absorption, and optical Kerr effect coupled to optical heterodyne detection. TlGaS2 demonstrates obvious two-photon absorption and electronic nonlinearities at 800 nm. The two-photon absorption coefficient and the nonlinear refractive index are determined to be of the order of 10-10 cm/W and 10-14 cm2/W, respectively. Furthermore, both the real and imaginary parts of the complex third-order susceptibility tensor elements are extracted. The large ultrafast optical nonlinearities make TlGaS2 a promising material for application in photonic techniques.
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197
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Zhang X, Zhang S, Xie Y, Huang J, Wang L, Cui Y, Wang J. Tailoring the nonlinear optical performance of two-dimensional MoS 2 nanofilms via defect engineering. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17924-17932. [PMID: 30226259 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05653f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Defect engineering plays a key role in determining the catalytic and optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) in their practical applications in optical and photonic devices. Here, we report a direct strategy for the fabrication of wafer-scale 2D MoS2 nanofilms with tunable sulfur (S) vacancies and crystallinity by a modified solvothermal method via a polyelectrolyte-assisted annealing process. Our results demonstrate that the S vacancies in MoS2 nanofilms can induce saturable absorption (SA) in MoS2 by introducing new energy bands within the band gap of MoS2, and the crystallinity has a significant effect on the two-photon absorption (TPA) coefficient of MoS2 nanofilms. The SA responses in MoS2 will gradually dominate the nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of MoS2 with a lower saturable intensity along with increasing the S vacancies. The TPA coefficient of the MoS2 nanofilms with increased crystallinity is improved to (4.3 ± 0.5) × 102 cm GW-1 on increasing the crystallinity of MoS2 films, over four times larger than that of their counterpart with relatively low crystallinity. Additionally, the damage threshold of MoS2 nanofilms after polyelectrolyte-assisted annealing treatment is greatly improved to ∼74.1 GW cm-2 compared to ∼32.6 GW cm-2 of their counterpart with few S vacancies and relatively low crystallinity, due to the increased crystallinity and partial oxidation of MoS2. This work sheds light on how the defects tailor the nonlinear optical properties of 2D MoS2 nanofilms and affords an effective strategy for defect engineering via a polyelectrolyte-assisted annealing process, which can be applied to other 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic and Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201800, China.
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198
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Li D, Xue H, Wang Y, Qi M, Kim W, Li C, Riikonen J, Ren Z, Bai J, Lipsanen H, Sun Z. Active synchronization and modulation of fiber lasers with a graphene electro-optic modulator. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:3497-3500. [PMID: 30067694 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.003497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the synchronization of two actively Q-switched fiber lasers operating at 1.5 μm and 2 μm with a shared broadband graphene electro-optic modulator. Two graphene monolayer sheets separated with a high-kHfO2 dielectric layer are configured to enable broadband light modulation. The graphene electro-optic modulator is shared by two optical fiber laser cavities (i.e., an erbium-doped fiber laser cavity and a thulium/holmium-codoped fiber laser cavity) to actively Q-switch the two lasers, resulting in stable synchronized pulses at 1.5 μm and 2 μm with a repetition rate ranging from 46 kHz to 56 kHz.
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199
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Characterization of the second- and third-harmonic optical susceptibilities of atomically thin tungsten diselenide. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10035. [PMID: 29968813 PMCID: PMC6030073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first detailed characterization of the sheet third-harmonic optical susceptibility, χ(3)s, of tungsten diselenide (WSe2). With a home-built multiphoton microscope setup developed to study harmonics generation, we map the second and third-harmonic intensities as a function of position in the sample, pump power and polarization angle, for single- and few-layers flakes of WSe2. We register a value of |χ(3)s| ≈ 0.9 × 10-28 m3 V-2 at a fundamental excitation frequency of ℏω = 0.8 eV, which is comparable in magnitude to the third-harmonic susceptibility of other group-VI transition metal dichalcogenides. The simultaneously recorded sheet second-harmonic susceptibility is found to be |χ(2)s| ≈ 0.7 × 10-19 m2 V-1 in very good agreement on the order of magnitude with recent reports for WSe2, which asserts the robustness of our values for |χ(3)s|.
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200
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Li D, Jussila H, Wang Y, Hu G, Albrow-Owen T, C T Howe R, Ren Z, Bai J, Hasan T, Sun Z. Wavelength and pulse duration tunable ultrafast fiber laser mode-locked with carbon nanotubes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2738. [PMID: 29426938 PMCID: PMC5807438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast lasers with tunable parameters in wavelength and time domains are the choice of light source for various applications such as spectroscopy and communication. Here, we report a wavelength and pulse-duration tunable mode-locked Erbium doped fiber laser with single wall carbon nanotube-based saturable absorber. An intra-cavity tunable filter is employed to continuously tune the output wavelength for 34 nm (from 1525 nm to 1559 nm) and pulse duration from 545 fs to 6.1 ps, respectively. Our results provide a novel light source for various applications requiring variable wavelength or pulse duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diao Li
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, and Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Henri Jussila
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Guohua Hu
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tom Albrow-Owen
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard C T Howe
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhaoyu Ren
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, and Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Jintao Bai
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, and Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Tawfique Hasan
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FA, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland.
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland.
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