151
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Nafee N, Husari A, Maurer CK, Lu C, de Rossi C, Steinbach A, Hartmann RW, Lehr CM, Schneider M. Antibiotic-free nanotherapeutics: ultra-small, mucus-penetrating solid lipid nanoparticles enhance the pulmonary delivery and anti-virulence efficacy of novel quorum sensing inhibitors. J Control Release 2014; 192:131-40. [PMID: 24997276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease mainly manifested in the respiratory tract. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is the most common pathogen identified in cultures of the CF airways, however, its eradication with antibiotics remains challenging as it grows in biofilms that counterwork human immune response and dramatically decrease susceptibility to antibiotics. P. aeruginosa regulates pathogenicity via a cell-to-cell communication system known as quorum sensing (QS) involving the virulence factor (pyocyanin), thus representing an attractive target for coping with bacterial pathogenicity. The first in vivo potent QS inhibitor (QSI) was recently developed. Nevertheless, its lipophilic nature might hamper its penetration of non-cellular barriers such as mucus and bacterial biofilms, which limits its biomedical application. Successful anti-infective inhalation therapy necessitates proper design of a biodegradable nanocarrier allowing: 1) high loading and prolonged release, 2) mucus penetration, 3) effective pulmonary delivery, and 4) maintenance of the anti-virulence activity of the QSI. In this context, various pharmaceutical lipids were used to prepare ultra-small solid lipid nanoparticles (us-SLNs) by hot melt homogenization. Plain and QSI-loaded SLNs were characterized in terms of colloidal properties, drug loading, in vitro release and acute toxicity on Calu-3 cells. Mucus penetration was studied using a newly-developed confocal microscopy technique based on 3D-time-lapse imaging. For pulmonary application, nebulization efficiency of SLNs and lung deposition using next generation impactor (NGI) were performed. The anti-virulence efficacy was investigated by pyocyanin formation in P. aeruginosa cultures. Ultra-small SLNs (<100nm diameter) provided high encapsulation efficiency (68-95%) according to SLN composition, high burst in phosphate buffer saline compared to prolonged release of the payload over >8h in simulated lung fluid with minor burst. All types and concentrations of plain and QSI-loaded SLNs maintained the viability of Calu-3 cells. 3D time-lapse confocal imaging proved the ability of SLNs to penetrate into artificial sputum model. SLNs were efficiently nebulized; NGI experiments revealed their deposition in the bronchial region. Overall, nanoencapsulated QSI showed up to sevenfold superior anti-virulence activity to the free compound. Most interestingly, the plain SLNs exhibited anti-virulence properties themselves, which was shown to be related to anti-virulence effects of the emulsifiers used. These startling findings represent a new perspective of ultimate significance in the area of nano-based delivery of novel anti-infectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Nafee
- Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Husari
- Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christine K Maurer
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Development and Optimization (DDOP), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Cenbin Lu
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Development and Optimization (DDOP), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Chiara de Rossi
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anke Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Development and Optimization (DDOP), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf W Hartmann
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Development and Optimization (DDOP), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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152
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Yang M, Yu T, Wang YY, Lai SK, Zeng Q, Miao B, Tang BC, Simons BW, Ensign LM, Liu G, Chan KW, Juang CY, Mert O, Wood J, Fu J, McMahon MT, Wu TC, Hung CF, Hanes J. Vaginal delivery of paclitaxel via nanoparticles with non-mucoadhesive surfaces suppresses cervical tumor growth. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1044-52. [PMID: 24339398 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Local delivery of chemotherapeutics in the cervicovaginal tract using nanoparticles may reduce adverse side effects associated with systemic chemotherapy, while improving outcomes for early-stage cervical cancer. It is hypothesized here that drug-loaded nanoparticles that rapidly penetrate cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) lining the female reproductive tract will more effectively deliver their payload to underlying diseased tissues in a uniform and sustained manner compared with nanoparticles that do not efficiently penetrate CVM. Paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles are developed, composed entirely of polymers used in FDA-approved products, which rapidly penetrate human CVM and provide sustained drug release with minimal burst effect. A mouse model is further employed with aggressive cervical tumors established in the cervicovaginal tract to compare paclitaxel-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (conventional particles, or CP) and similar particles coated with Pluronic F127 (mucus-penetrating particles, or MPP). CP are mucoadhesive and, thus, aggregated in mucus, while MPP achieve more uniform distribution and close proximity to cervical tumors. Paclitaxel-MPP suppress tumor growth more effectively and prolong median survival of mice compared with unencapsulated paclitaxel or paclitaxel-CP. Histopathological studies demonstrate minimal toxicity to the cervicovaginal epithelia, suggesting paclitaxel-MPP may be safe for intravaginal use. These results demonstrate the in vivo advantages of polymer-based MPP for treatment of tumors localized to a mucosal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 720 Rutland Avenue Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - Tao Yu
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 720 Rutland Avenue Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 720 Rutland Avenue Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - Samuel K. Lai
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; 3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel; Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Qi Zeng
- Department of Pathology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21287 USA
| | - Bolong Miao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; 3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Benjamin C. Tang
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; 3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Brian W. Simons
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 1550 Orleans Street Baltimore MD 21231 USA
| | - Laura M. Ensign
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; 3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology; The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
| | - Guanshu Liu
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute; 707 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21205 USA
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21287 USA
| | - Kannie W.Y. Chan
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute; 707 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21205 USA
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21287 USA
| | - Chih-Yin Juang
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
| | - Olcay Mert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; 3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Joseph Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 720 Rutland Avenue Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - Jie Fu
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology; The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
| | - Michael T. McMahon
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
| | - T.-C. Wu
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Pathology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21287 USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21287 USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Pathology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21287 USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21287 USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21287 USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 720 Rutland Avenue Baltimore MD 21205 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; 3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology; The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21287 USA. Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University; 3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
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153
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Bhomia R, Trivedi V, Mitchell JC, Coleman NJ, Snowden MJ. Effect of Pressure on the Melting Point of Pluronics in Pressurized Carbon Dioxide. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie501344m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchir Bhomia
- Department of Pharmaceutical,
Chemical and Environmental Science, University of Greenwich, Central
Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Trivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical,
Chemical and Environmental Science, University of Greenwich, Central
Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Mitchell
- Department of Pharmaceutical,
Chemical and Environmental Science, University of Greenwich, Central
Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Nichola J. Coleman
- Department of Pharmaceutical,
Chemical and Environmental Science, University of Greenwich, Central
Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Snowden
- Department of Pharmaceutical,
Chemical and Environmental Science, University of Greenwich, Central
Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
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154
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Xie Z, Ji Z, Zhang Z, Gong T, Sun X. Adenoviral vectors coated with cationic PEG derivatives for intravaginal vaccination against HIV-1. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7896-908. [PMID: 24929620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mucus layer coating the vaginal epithelium represents a barrier for intravaginally delivered recombined adenoviral (rAd) vectors, but it could be overcome by proper polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification. Here we synthesized two cationic PEG derivatives, amino-(EO)n/(AGE)m-Cyss (APCs). The polymers contained neutral linear PEG (2-5 kDa) to provide a hydrophilic surface and amine pendants to provide positive charge for coating negatively charged rAd by physical adsorption. Given proper molecular composition, the polymer (5k-APC) could coat rAd without causing aggregation, facilitating its mucus penetrating ability and enhancing gene expression both in vitro and in vivo. With HIVgag as the model antigen, the polymer-rAd complexes were administered intravaginally to elicit both systemic and mucosal immune responses. 5k-APC-rAd immunization elicited robust HIVgag-specific cellular responses and also induced higher antigen-specific serum IgG. More importantly, mice immunized with 5k-APC-rAd showed higher level of IgA in vaginal lavage fluid. These findings suggest that 5k-APC-rAd is a promising system for intravaginal immunization against infectious diseases such as HIV within the vaginal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Ji
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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155
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Ensign LM, Cone R, Hanes J. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery to the vagina: a review. J Control Release 2014; 190:500-14. [PMID: 24830303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal drug administration can improve prophylaxis and treatment of many conditions affecting the female reproductive tract, including sexually transmitted diseases, fungal and bacterial infections, and cancer. However, achieving sustained local drug concentrations in the vagina can be challenging, due to the high permeability of the vaginal epithelium and expulsion of conventional soluble drug dosage forms. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery platforms have received considerable attention for vaginal drug delivery, as nanoparticles can provide sustained release, cellular targeting, and even intrinsic antimicrobial or adjuvant properties that can improve the potency and/or efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic modalities. Here, we review the use of polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, and inorganic nanoparticles for vaginal drug delivery. Although most of the work toward nanoparticle-based drug delivery in the vagina has been focused on HIV prevention, strategies for treatment and prevention of other sexually transmitted infections, treatment for reproductive tract cancer, and treatment of fungal and bacterial infections are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Ensign
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore 21231, USA.
| | - Richard Cone
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore 21231, USA; Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore 21218, USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore 21231, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore 21205, USA; Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore 21218, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore 21287, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore 21287, USA
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156
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Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of dapivirine-loaded nanoparticles after vaginal delivery in mice. Pharm Res 2014; 31:1834-45. [PMID: 24449442 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the potential of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) to affect the genital distribution and local and systemic pharmacokinetics (PK) of the anti-HIV microbicide drug candidate dapivirine after vaginal delivery. METHODS Dapivirine-loaded, poly(ethylene oxide)-coated poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PEO-PCL) NPs were prepared by a nanoprecipitation method. Genital distribution of NPs and their ability to modify the PK of dapivirine up to 24 h was assessed after vaginal instillation in a female mouse model. Also, the safety of NPs upon daily administration for 14 days was assessed by histological analysis and chemokine/cytokine content in vaginal lavages. RESULTS PEO-PCL NPs (180-200 nm) were rapidly eliminated after administration but able to distribute throughout the vagina and lower uterus, and capable of tackling mucus and penetrate the epithelial lining. Nanocarriers modified the PK of dapivirine, with higher drug levels being recovered from vaginal lavages and vaginal/lower uterine tissues as compared to a drug suspension. Systemic drug exposure was reduced when NPs were used. Also, NPs were shown safe upon administration for 14 days. CONCLUSIONS Dapivirine-loaded PEO-PCL NPs were able to provide likely favorable genital drug levels, thus attesting the potential value of using this vaginal drug delivery nanosystem in the context of HIV prophylaxis.
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157
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White JA, Blum JS, Hosken NA, Marshak JO, Duncan L, Zhu C, Norton EB, Clements JD, Koelle DM, Chen D, Weldon WC, Steven Oberste M, Lal M. Serum and mucosal antibody responses to inactivated polio vaccine after sublingual immunization using a thermoresponsive gel delivery system. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:3611-21. [PMID: 25483682 PMCID: PMC4514067 DOI: 10.4161/hv.32253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Administering vaccines directly to mucosal surfaces can induce both serum and mucosal immune responses. Mucosal responses may prevent establishment of initial infection at the port of entry and subsequent dissemination to other sites. The sublingual route is attractive for mucosal vaccination, but both a safe, potent adjuvant and a novel formulation are needed to achieve an adequate immune response. We report the use of a thermoresponsive gel (TRG) combined with a double mutant of a bacterial heat-labile toxin (dmLT) for sublingual immunization with a trivalent inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in mice. This TRG delivery system, which changes from aqueous solution to viscous gel upon contact with the mucosa at body temperature, helps to retain the formulation at the site of delivery and has functional adjuvant activity from the inclusion of dmLT. IPV was administered to mice either sublingually in the TRG delivery system or intramuscularly in phosphate-buffered saline. We measured poliovirus type-specific serum neutralizing antibodies as well as polio-specific serum Ig and IgA antibodies in serum, saliva, and fecal samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mice receiving sublingual vaccination via the TRG delivery system produced both mucosal and serum antibodies, including IgA. Intramuscularly immunized animals produced only serum neutralizing and binding Ig but no detectable IgA. This study provides proof of concept for sublingual immunization using the TRG delivery system, comprising a thermoresponsive gel and dmLT adjuvant.
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Key Words
- CT, cholera toxin
- DPBS, Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline
- DU, D-antigen units
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- IM, intramuscular
- IPV, inactivated poliovirus vaccine
- IgA, immunoglobulin A
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- OPV, oral poliovirus vaccine
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- RT, room temperature
- SL, sublingual
- SSI, Staten Serum Institute
- TMB, tetramethylbenzidine
- TRG, thermoresponsive gel
- adjuvants
- dmLT
- dmLT, double mutant heat-labile toxin
- mucosal immune response
- poliovirus
- sublingual immunization
- thermoresponsive gel
- vaccine delivery
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nancy A Hosken
- Department of Medicine; University of Washington; Seattle, WA USA
| | - Joshua O Marshak
- Department of Medicine; University of Washington; Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth B Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans, LA USA
| | - John D Clements
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans, LA USA
| | - David M Koelle
- Department of Medicine; University of Washington; Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; University of Washington; Seattle, WA USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute; Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Global Health; University of Washington; Seattle, WA USA
| | | | - William C Weldon
- Division of Viral Diseases; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA USA
| | - M Steven Oberste
- Division of Viral Diseases; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA USA
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158
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Liu J, Erogbogbo F, Yong KT, Ye L, Liu J, Hu R, Chen H, Hu Y, Yang Y, Yang J, Roy I, Karker NA, Swihart MT, Prasad PN. Assessing clinical prospects of silicon quantum dots: studies in mice and monkeys. ACS NANO 2013; 7:7303-10. [PMID: 23841561 DOI: 10.1021/nn4029234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanocrystals can provide the outstanding imaging capabilities of toxic heavy-metal-based quantum dots without employing heavy metals and have potential for rapid progression to the clinic. Understanding the toxicity of silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) is essential to realizing this potential. However, existing studies of SiQD biocompatibility are limited, with no systematic progression from small-animal to large-animal studies that are more clinically relevant. Here, we test the response of both mice and monkeys to high intravenous doses of a nanoconstruct created using only SiQDs and FDA-approved materials. We show that (1) neither mice nor monkeys show overt signs of toxicity reflected in their behavior, body mass, or blood chemistry, even at a dose of 200 mg/kg. (2) This formulation did not biodegrade as expected. Elevated levels of silicon were present in the liver and spleen of mice three months post-treatment. (3) Histopathology three months after treatment showed adverse effects of the nanoformulation in the livers of mice, but showed no such effects in monkeys. This investigation reveals that the systemic reactions of the two animal models may have some differences and there are no signs of toxicity clearly attributable to silicon quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Liu
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
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159
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Mei L, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Huang L, Yang XL, Tang J, Feng SS. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology for oral delivery of anticancer drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:880-90. [PMID: 23220325 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oral chemotherapy is an important topic in the 21st century medicine, which may radically change the current regimen of chemotherapy and greatly improve the quality of life of the patients. Unfortunately, most anticancer drugs, especially those of high therapeutic efficacy such as paclitaxel and docetaxel, are not orally bioavailable due to the gastrointestinal (GI) drug barrier. The molecular basis of the GI barrier has been found mainly due to the multidrug efflux proteins, i.e. P-type glycoproteins (P-gp), which are rich in the epithelial cell membranes in the GI tract. Medical solution for oral chemotherapy is to apply P-gp inhibitors such as cyclosporine A, which, however, suppress the body's immune system either, thus causing medical complication. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology, which is to apply and further develop nanotechnology to solve the problems in drug delivery, may provide a better solution and thus change the way we make drug and the way we take drug. This review is focused on the problems encountered in oral chemotherapy and the pharmaceutical nanotechnology solutions such as prodrugs, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, micelles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers. Proof-of-concept in vitro and in vivo results for oral delivery of anticancer drugs by the various nanocarriers, which can be found so far from the literature, are provided.
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160
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Noh YW, Hong JH, Shim SM, Park HS, Bae HH, Ryu EK, Hwang JH, Lee CH, Cho SH, Sung MH, Poo H, Lim YT. Polymer nanomicelles for efficient mucus delivery and antigen-specific high mucosal immunity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7684-9. [PMID: 23765547 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Micelles for mucosal immunity: A mucosal vaccine system based on γ-PGA nanomicelles and viral antigens was synthesized. The intranasal administration of the vaccine system induces a high immune response both in the humoral and cellular immunity (see picture).
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Woock Noh
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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161
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Noh YW, Hong JH, Shim SM, Park HS, Bae HH, Ryu EK, Hwang JH, Lee CH, Cho SH, Sung MH, Poo H, Lim YT. Polymer Nanomicelles for Efficient Mucus Delivery and Antigen-Specific High Mucosal Immunity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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162
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Scalable method to produce biodegradable nanoparticles that rapidly penetrate human mucus. J Control Release 2013; 170:279-86. [PMID: 23751567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucus typically traps and rapidly removes foreign particles from the airways, gastrointestinal tract, nasopharynx, female reproductive tract and the surface of the eye. Nanoparticles capable of rapid penetration through mucus can potentially avoid rapid clearance, and open significant opportunities for controlled drug delivery at mucosal surfaces. Here, we report an industrially scalable emulsification method to produce biodegradable mucus-penetrating particles (MPP). The emulsification of diblock copolymers of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG) using low molecular weight (MW) emulsifiers forms dense brush PEG coatings on nanoparticles that allow rapid nanoparticle penetration through fresh undiluted human mucus. In comparison, conventional high MW emulsifiers, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), interrupts the PEG coating on nanoparticles, resulting in their immobilization in mucus owing to adhesive interactions with mucus mesh elements. PLGA-PEG nanoparticles with a wide range of PEG MW (1, 2, 5, and 10 kDa), prepared by the emulsification method using low MW emulsifiers, all rapidly penetrated mucus. A range of drugs, from hydrophobic small molecules to hydrophilic large biologics, can be efficiently loaded into biodegradable MPP using the method described. This readily scalable method should facilitate the production of MPP products for mucosal drug delivery, as well as potentially longer-circulating particles following intravenous administration.
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163
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A review of nanotechnological approaches for the prophylaxis of HIV/AIDS. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6202-28. [PMID: 23726227 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful treatment and control of HIV/AIDS is one of the biggest challenges of 21st century. More than 33 million individuals are infected with HIV worldwide and more than 2 million new cases of HIV infection have been reported. The situation demands development of effective prevention strategies to control the pandemic of AIDS. Due to lack of availability of an effective HIV vaccine, antiretroviral drugs and nucleic acid therapeutics like siRNA have been explored for HIV prophylaxis. Clinical trials shave shown that antiretroviral drugs, tenofovir and emtricitabine can offer some degree of HIV prevention. However, complete prevention of HIV infection has not been achieved yet. Nanotechnology has brought a paradigm shift in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of many diseases. The current review discusses potential of various nanocarriers such as dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, lipid nanocarriers, drug nanocrystals, inorganic nanocarriers and nanofibers in improving efficacy of various modalities available for HIV prophylaxis.
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164
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Zhu Q, Guo T, Xia D, Li X, Zhu C, Li H, Ouyang D, Zhang J, Gan Y. Pluronic F127-modified liposome-containing tacrolimus–cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: improved solubility, cellular uptake and intestinal penetration. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:1107-17. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate Pluronic F127-modified liposome-containing cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complex (FLIC) for improving the solubility, cellular uptake and intestinal penetration of tacrolimus (FK 506) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Methods
Molecular modelling was performed to screen the optimal CD for the solubilization of FK 506. FLIC was prepared by thin-lipid film hydration with the inclusion complex solutions followed by membrane extrusion. Dilution tests were conducted in simulated gastric fluids and phosphate-buffered solution of sodium taurocholate to investigate the solubility improvement of FK506. The cellular uptake of nanocarriers was studied in Caco-2 cells, and intestinal mucous membrane penetration in the GI tract was evaluated in Sprague–Dawley rats.
Key findings
The results showed that β-CD had the strongest binding energy with the guest molecule among the CDs. The prepared FLIC has an average diameter of 180.8 ± 8.1 nm with a spherical shape. The solubility and cellular uptake of FK 506 was greatly improved by the incorporation of CD complexes in the Pluronic F127-modified liposomes. Intestinal mucous membrane penetration was also significantly improved by the preparation of FLIC.
Conclusion
With improved drug solubility and intestinal mucous membrane penetration, FLIC shows a promising oral delivery system for FK 506.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanlei Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dengning Xia
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuying Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunliu Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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165
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Comparative study of Pluronic(®) F127-modified liposomes and chitosan-modified liposomes for mucus penetration and oral absorption of cyclosporine A in rats. Int J Pharm 2013; 449:1-9. [PMID: 23583840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes modified using cationic and hydrophilic nonionic polymers are 2 popular carriers for improving oral drug absorption. Cationic polymer-modified liposomes can adhere to the intestinal wall mucus (mucoadhesive type), while liposomes modified using hydrophilic nonionic polymers can penetrate across the mucus barrier (mucus-penetrating type). Chitosan-modified liposomes (CS-Lip, mucoadhesive type) and Pluronic(®) F127-modified liposomes (PF127-Lip, mucus-penetrating type) were engineered to investigate the differences between these mucoadhesive and mucus-penetrating systems in oral absorption of a poorly soluble drug, cyclosporine A (CyA). Stability of CS-Lip and PF127-Lip was studied in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The intestinal mucus adhesion or penetration of liposomes was studied by confocal laser scanning microcopy and fluorophotometry using coumarin 6 as the fluorescent probe. The oral absorption of CyA-loaded liposomes was also studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that CS-Lip tended to aggregate in SIF, to be trapped by mucus, to remain mainly in the upper portion of the intestinal tract, and to show limited penetration ability. In contrast, PF127-Lip were more stable in the SIF and SGF, were found throughout the intestinal tract, and were able to penetrate the mucus layers to reach the epithelial surface. Pharmacokinetic analysis in rats showed that the Cmax and AUC0-t of PF127-Lip were 1.73- and 1.84-fold higher than those of CS-Lip, respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, the stability and mucus-penetrating ability of PF127-Lip in the gastrointestinal tract rendered it more suitable than the mucoadhesive CS-Lip for oral delivery CyA.
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166
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Kim AJ, Boylan NJ, Suk JS, Hwangbo M, Yu T, Schuster BS, Cebotaru L, Lesniak WG, Oh JS, Adstamongkonkul P, Choi AY, Kannan RM, Hanes J. Use of single-site-functionalized PEG dendrons to prepare gene vectors that penetrate human mucus barriers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3985-8. [PMID: 23460577 PMCID: PMC3782282 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Kim
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
| | - Nicholas J. Boylan
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
| | - Minyoung Hwangbo
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
| | - Tao Yu
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
| | - Benjamin S. Schuster
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
| | - Liudimila Cebotaru
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
| | - Wojciech G. Lesniak
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
| | - Joon Seok Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
| | | | - Ashley Y. Choi
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
| | - Rangaramanujam M. Kannan
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
| | - Justin Hanes
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Biomedical Engineering, Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Oncology, Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, and Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (USA)
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167
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Drug carriers for oral delivery of peptides and proteins: accomplishments and future perspectives. Ther Deliv 2013; 4:251-65. [PMID: 23343163 DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective formulation for peptide and protein delivery through the oral route has always been the critical effort with the advent of biotechnology. Stability, enzymatic degradation and ineffective absorption are common difficulties found for conventional dosage forms. As a result, new drug-delivery approaches are used to circumvent these limitations and enhance effective oral drug delivery. Some of these technologies have reached late stages of clinical trials and promising results will be available in the near future. This review covers, in general, the recent carriers reported in literature.
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168
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Kim AJ, Boylan NJ, Suk JS, Hwangbo M, Yu T, Schuster BS, Cebotaru L, Lesniak WG, Oh JS, Adstamongkonkul P, Choi AY, Kannan RM, Hanes J. Use of Single-Site-Functionalized PEG Dendrons To Prepare Gene Vectors that Penetrate Human Mucus Barriers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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169
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Date AA, Shibata A, Goede M, Sanford B, La Bruzzo K, Belshan M, Destache CJ. Development and evaluation of a thermosensitive vaginal gel containing raltegravir+efavirenz loaded nanoparticles for HIV prophylaxis. Antiviral Res 2012; 96:430-6. [PMID: 23041201 PMCID: PMC3513487 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to develop a thermosensitive vaginal gel containing raltegravir+efavirenz loaded PLGA nanoparticles (RAL+EFV-NPs) for pre-exposure prophylaxis of HIV. RAL+EFV-NPs were fabricated using a modified emulsion-solvent evaporation method and characterized for size and zeta potential. The average size and surface charge of RAL+EFV-NP were 81.8±6.4 nm and -23.18±7.18 mV respectively. The average encapsulation efficiency of raltegravir and efavirenz was 55.5% and 98.2% respectively. Thermosensitive vaginal gel containing RAL+EFV-NPs was successfully prepared using a combination of Pluronic F127 (20% w/v) and Pluronic F68 (1% w/v). Incorporation RAL+EFV-NPs in the gel did not result in nanoparticle aggregation and RAL+EFV-NPs containing gel showed thermogelation at 32.5°C. The RAL+EFV-NPs were evaluated for inhibition of HIV-1(NL4-3) using TZM-bl indicator cells. The EC(90) of RAL+EFV-NPs was lower than raltegravir+efavirenz (RAL+EFV) solution but did not reach significance. Compared to control HeLa cells without any treatment, RAL+EFV-NPs or blank gel were not cytotoxic for 14 days in vitro. The intracellular levels of efavirenz in RAL+EFV-NPs treated HeLa cells were above the EC(90) for 14 days whereas raltegravir intracellular concentrations were eliminated within 6 days. Transwell experiments of NPs-in-gel demonstrated rapid transfer of fluorescent nanoparticles from the gel and uptake in HeLa cells within 30 min. These data demonstrate the potential of antiretroviral NP-embedded vagina gels for long-term vaginal pre-exposure prophylaxis of heterosexual HIV-1 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit A. Date
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | | | - Michael Goede
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Bridget Sanford
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Krista La Bruzzo
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Michel Belshan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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170
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Nichols JW, Bae YH. Odyssey of a cancer nanoparticle: from injection site to site of action. NANO TODAY 2012; 7:606-618. [PMID: 23243460 PMCID: PMC3519442 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
No chemotherapeutic drug can be effective until it is delivered to its target site. Nano-sized drug carriers are designed to transport therapeutic or diagnostic materials from the point of administration to the drug's site of action. This task requires the nanoparticle carrying the drug to complete a journey from the injection site to the site of action. The journey begins with the injection of the drug carrier into the bloodstream and continues through stages of circulation, extravasation, accumulation, distribution, endocytosis, endosomal escape, intracellular localization and-finally-action. Effective nanoparticle design should consider all of these stages to maximize drug delivery to the entire tumor and effectiveness of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Nichols
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
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171
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Ensign LM, Tang BC, Wang YY, Tse TA, Hoen T, Cone R, Hanes J. Mucus-penetrating nanoparticles for vaginal drug delivery protect against herpes simplex virus. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:138ra79. [PMID: 22700955 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Incomplete coverage and short duration of action limit the effectiveness of vaginally administered drugs, including microbicides, for preventing sexually transmitted infections. We investigated vaginal distribution, retention, and safety of nanoparticles with surfaces modified to enhance transport through mucus. We show that mucus-penetrating particles (MPPs) provide uniform distribution over the vaginal epithelium, whereas conventional nanoparticles (CPs) that are mucoadhesive are aggregated by mouse vaginal mucus, leading to poor distribution. Moreover, when delivered hypotonically, MPPs were transported advectively (versus diffusively) through mucus deep into vaginal folds (rugae) within minutes. By penetrating into the deepest mucus layers, more MPPs were retained in the vaginal tract after 6 hours compared to CPs. After 24 hours, when delivered in a conventional vaginal gel, patches of a model drug remained on the vaginal epithelium, whereas the epithelium was coated with drug delivered by MPPs. We then developed MPPs composed of acyclovir monophosphate (ACVp). When administered before vaginal herpes simplex virus 2 challenge, ACVp-MPPs protected 53% of mice compared to only 16% protected by soluble drug. Overall, MPPs improved vaginal drug distribution and retention, provided more effective protection against vaginal viral challenge than soluble drug, and were nontoxic when administered daily for 1 week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Ensign
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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172
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das Neves J, Rocha CMR, Gonçalves MP, Carrier RL, Amiji M, Bahia MF, Sarmento B. Interactions of Microbicide Nanoparticles with a Simulated Vaginal Fluid. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:3347-56. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300408m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José das Neves
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, LTF/CICF,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CICS−Centro de Investigação
em Ciências da Saúde, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde-Norte, CESPU, Gandra,
Portugal
| | - Cristina M. R. Rocha
- REQUIMTE, Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto,
Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Pilar Gonçalves
- REQUIMTE, Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto,
Porto, Portugal
| | - Rebecca L. Carrier
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
02115, United States
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University,
Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Maria Fernanda Bahia
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, LTF/CICF,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, LTF/CICF,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CICS−Centro de Investigação
em Ciências da Saúde, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde-Norte, CESPU, Gandra,
Portugal
- INEB−Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Biomaterials
Division, NEWTherapies Group, Porto, Portugal
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173
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Kim JH, Noh YW, Heo MB, Cho MY, Lim YT. Multifunctional hybrid nanoconjugates for efficient in vivo delivery of immunomodulating oligonucleotides and enhanced antitumor immunity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9670-3. [PMID: 22915476 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Graduate School and Department of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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174
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Kim JH, Noh YW, Heo MB, Cho MY, Lim YT. Multifunctional Hybrid Nanoconjugates for Efficient In Vivo Delivery of Immunomodulating Oligonucleotides and Enhanced Antitumor Immunity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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175
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Obonyo M, Zhang L, Thamphiwatana S, Pornpattananangkul D, Fu V, Zhang L. Antibacterial activities of liposomal linolenic acids against antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2677-85. [PMID: 22827534 DOI: 10.1021/mp300243w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection with its vast prevalence is responsible for various gastric diseases including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric malignancy. While effective, current treatment regimens are challenged by a fast-declining eradication rate due to the increasing emergence of H. pylori strains resistant to existing antibiotics. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel antibacterial strategies against H. pylori. In this study, we developed a liposomal nanoformulation of linolenic acid (LipoLLA) and evaluated its bactericidal activity against resistant strains of H. pylori. Using a laboratory strain of H. pylori, we found that LipoLLA was effective in killing both spiral and coccoid forms of the bacteria via disrupting bacterial membranes. Using a metronidazole-resistant strain of H. pylori and seven clinically isolated strains, we further demonstrated that LipoLLA eradicated all strains of the bacteria regardless of their antibiotic resistance status. Furthermore, under our experimental conditions, the bacteria did not develop drug resistance when cultured with LipoLLA at various sub-bactericidal concentrations, whereas they rapidly acquired resistance to both metronidazole and free linolenic acid (LLA). Our findings suggest that LipoLLA is a promising antibacterial nanotherapeutic to treat antibiotic-resistant H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marygorret Obonyo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
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176
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Ensign LM, Schneider C, Suk JS, Cone R, Hanes J. Mucus penetrating nanoparticles: biophysical tool and method of drug and gene delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:3887-94. [PMID: 22988559 PMCID: PMC3710133 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A method that could provide more uniform and longer-lasting drug and gene delivery to mucosal surfaces holds the potential to greatly improve the effectiveness of prophylactic and therapeutic approaches for numerous diseases and conditions, including sexually transmitted infections, cystic fibrosis, chronic rhinosinusitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and glaucoma to name a few. However, the body's natural defenses, including adhesive, rapidly cleared mucus linings coating nearly all entry points to the body not covered by skin, has limited the effectiveness of drug and gene delivery by nanoscale delivery systems. This article discusses the recent development of the “mucuspenetrating particle” or “MPP” nanotechnology, and how it has been used to both enhance understanding of the nanoscale barrier properties of human mucus secretions, and to achieve more uniform and longer-lasting drug delivery to mucosal tissues following topical administration. Drug loaded MPPs possess non-adhesive coatings that allow them to rapidly penetrate mucus layers through openings in the mucus mesh at rates nearly as fast as they would penetrate pure water. Critically, MPPs allow enhanced drug and gene delivery to mucosal tissues without diminishing the protective function of mucus. Recent progress in the development of MPPs as a biophysical tool to probe the length-scale dependent rheological properties of mucosal secretions and as a method for drug and gene delivery is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Ensign
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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177
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Ensign LM, Cone R, Hanes J. Oral drug delivery with polymeric nanoparticles: the gastrointestinal mucus barriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:557-70. [PMID: 22212900 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 970] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery is the most common method for drug administration. However, poor solubility, stability, and bioavailability of many drugs make achieving therapeutic levels via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract challenging. Drug delivery must overcome numerous hurdles, including the acidic gastric environment and the continuous secretion of mucus that protects the GI tract. Nanoparticle drug carriers that can shield drugs from degradation and deliver them to intended sites within the GI tract may enable more efficient and sustained drug delivery. However, the rapid secretion and shedding of GI tract mucus can significantly limit the effectiveness of nanoparticle drug delivery systems. Many types of nanoparticles are efficiently trapped in and rapidly removed by mucus, making controlled release in the GI tract difficult. This review addresses the protective barrier properties of mucus secretions, how mucus affects the fate of orally administered nanoparticles, and recent developments in nanoparticles engineered to penetrate the mucus barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Ensign
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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178
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Youngs WJ, Knapp AR, Wagers PO, Tessier CA. Nanoparticle encapsulated silvercarbene complexes and their antimicrobial and anticancer properties: A perspective. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:327-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11100k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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179
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Babiuch K, Gottschaldt M, Werz O, Schubert US. Particulate transepithelial drug carriers: barriers and functional polymers. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20726e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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180
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Biodegradable mucus-penetrating nanoparticles composed of diblock copolymers of polyethylene glycol and poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid). Drug Deliv Transl Res 2011; 2. [PMID: 24205449 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-011-0048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mucus secretions coating entry points to the human body that are not covered by skin efficiently trap and clear conventional drug carriers, limiting controlled drug delivery at mucosal surfaces. To overcome this challenge, we recently engineered nanoparticles that readily penetrate a variety of human mucus secretions, which we termed mucus-penetrating particles (MPP). Here, we report a new biodegradable MPP formulation based on diblock copolymers of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG). PLGA-PEG nanoparticles prepared by a solvent diffusion method rapidly diffused through fresh, undiluted human cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) with an average speed only eightfold lower than their theoretical speed in water. In contrast, PLGA nanoparticles were slowed more than 12,000-fold in the same CVM secretions. Based on the measured diffusivities, as much as 75% of the PLGA-PEG nanoparticles are expected to penetrate a 10-μm-thick mucus layer within 30 min, whereas virtually no PLGA nanoparticles are expected to do so over the same duration. These results encourage further development of PLGA-PEG nanoparticles as mucus-penetrating drug carriers for improved drug and gene delivery to mucosal surfaces.
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181
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Li X, Chen D, Le C, Zhu C, Gan Y, Hovgaard L, Yang M. Novel mucus-penetrating liposomes as a potential oral drug delivery system: preparation, in vitro characterization, and enhanced cellular uptake. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:3151-62. [PMID: 22163166 PMCID: PMC3235033 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s25741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the intestinal mucus-penetrating properties and intestinal cellular uptake of two types of liposomes modified by Pluronic F127 (PF127). Methods The two types of liposomes, ie, PF127-inlaid liposomes and PF127-adsorbed liposomes, were prepared by a thin-film hydration method followed by extrusion, in which coumarin 6 was loaded as a fluorescence marker. A modified Franz diffusion cell mounted with the intestinal mucus of rats was used to study the diffusion characteristics of the two types of PF127 liposomes. Cell uptake studies were conducted in Caco-2 cells and analyzed using confocal laser scanning microcopy as well as flow cytometry. Results The diffusion efficiency of the two types of PF127-modified liposomes through intestinal rat mucus was 5–7-fold higher than that of unmodified liposomes. Compared with unmodified liposomes, PF127-inlaid liposomes showed significantly higher cellular uptake of courmarin 6. PF127-adsorbed liposomes showed a lower cellular uptake. Moreover, and interestingly, the two types of PF127-modified liposomes showed different cellular uptake mechanisms in Caco-2 cells. Conclusion PF127-inlaid liposomes with improved intestinal mucus-penetrating ability and enhanced cellular uptake might be a potential carrier candidate for oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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182
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Mura S, Hillaireau H, Nicolas J, Kerdine-Römer S, Le Droumaguet B, Deloménie C, Nicolas V, Pallardy M, Tsapis N, Fattal E. Biodegradable Nanoparticles Meet the Bronchial Airway Barrier: How Surface Properties Affect Their Interaction with Mucus and Epithelial Cells. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:4136-43. [DOI: 10.1021/bm201226x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mura
- UMR
CNRS 8612, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie and ‡INSERM UMR996,
Cytokines, Chimiokines et immunopathologie, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie,
5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay Malabry
cedex, France
- TRANS-PROT and ⊥Imagerie Cellulaire, IFR IPSIT (Institut Paris-Sud d’Innovation
Thérapeutique)
, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry
cedex, France
| | - Hervé Hillaireau
- UMR
CNRS 8612, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie and ‡INSERM UMR996,
Cytokines, Chimiokines et immunopathologie, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie,
5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay Malabry
cedex, France
- TRANS-PROT and ⊥Imagerie Cellulaire, IFR IPSIT (Institut Paris-Sud d’Innovation
Thérapeutique)
, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry
cedex, France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- UMR
CNRS 8612, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie and ‡INSERM UMR996,
Cytokines, Chimiokines et immunopathologie, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie,
5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay Malabry
cedex, France
- TRANS-PROT and ⊥Imagerie Cellulaire, IFR IPSIT (Institut Paris-Sud d’Innovation
Thérapeutique)
, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry
cedex, France
| | - Saadia Kerdine-Römer
- UMR
CNRS 8612, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie and ‡INSERM UMR996,
Cytokines, Chimiokines et immunopathologie, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie,
5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay Malabry
cedex, France
- TRANS-PROT and ⊥Imagerie Cellulaire, IFR IPSIT (Institut Paris-Sud d’Innovation
Thérapeutique)
, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry
cedex, France
| | - Benjamin Le Droumaguet
- UMR
CNRS 8612, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie and ‡INSERM UMR996,
Cytokines, Chimiokines et immunopathologie, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie,
5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay Malabry
cedex, France
- TRANS-PROT and ⊥Imagerie Cellulaire, IFR IPSIT (Institut Paris-Sud d’Innovation
Thérapeutique)
, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry
cedex, France
| | - Claudine Deloménie
- UMR
CNRS 8612, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie and ‡INSERM UMR996,
Cytokines, Chimiokines et immunopathologie, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie,
5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay Malabry
cedex, France
- TRANS-PROT and ⊥Imagerie Cellulaire, IFR IPSIT (Institut Paris-Sud d’Innovation
Thérapeutique)
, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry
cedex, France
| | - Valérie Nicolas
- UMR
CNRS 8612, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie and ‡INSERM UMR996,
Cytokines, Chimiokines et immunopathologie, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie,
5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay Malabry
cedex, France
- TRANS-PROT and ⊥Imagerie Cellulaire, IFR IPSIT (Institut Paris-Sud d’Innovation
Thérapeutique)
, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry
cedex, France
| | - Marc Pallardy
- UMR
CNRS 8612, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie and ‡INSERM UMR996,
Cytokines, Chimiokines et immunopathologie, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie,
5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay Malabry
cedex, France
- TRANS-PROT and ⊥Imagerie Cellulaire, IFR IPSIT (Institut Paris-Sud d’Innovation
Thérapeutique)
, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry
cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Tsapis
- UMR
CNRS 8612, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie and ‡INSERM UMR996,
Cytokines, Chimiokines et immunopathologie, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie,
5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay Malabry
cedex, France
- TRANS-PROT and ⊥Imagerie Cellulaire, IFR IPSIT (Institut Paris-Sud d’Innovation
Thérapeutique)
, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry
cedex, France
| | - Elias Fattal
- UMR
CNRS 8612, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie and ‡INSERM UMR996,
Cytokines, Chimiokines et immunopathologie, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie,
5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay Malabry
cedex, France
- TRANS-PROT and ⊥Imagerie Cellulaire, IFR IPSIT (Institut Paris-Sud d’Innovation
Thérapeutique)
, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry
cedex, France
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183
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A poly(ethylene glycol)-based surfactant for formulation of drug-loaded mucus penetrating particles. J Control Release 2011; 157:455-60. [PMID: 21911015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are protected by a highly viscoelastic and adhesive mucus layer that traps most foreign particles, including conventional drug and gene carriers. Trapped particles are eliminated on the order of seconds to hours by mucus clearance mechanisms, precluding sustained and targeted drug and nucleic acid delivery to mucosal tissues. We have previously shown that polymeric coatings that minimize adhesive interactions with mucus constituents lead to particles that rapidly penetrate human mucus secretions. Nevertheless, a particular challenge in formulating drug-loaded mucus penetrating particles (MPP) is that many commonly used surfactants are either mucoadhesive, or do not facilitate efficient drug encapsulation. We tested a novel surfactant molecule for particle formulation composed of Vitamin E conjugated to 5 kDa poly(ethylene glycol) (VP5k). We show that VP5k-coated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles rapidly penetrate human cervicovaginal mucus, whereas PLGA nanoparticles coated with polyvinyl alcohol or Vitamin E conjugated to 1 kDa PEG were trapped. Importantly, VP5k facilitated high loading of paclitaxel, a frontline chemo drug, into PLGA MPP, with controlled release for at least 4 days and negligible burst release. Our results offer a promising new method for engineering biodegradable, drug-loaded MPP for sustained and targeted delivery of therapeutics at mucosal surfaces.
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184
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Choi WI, Lee JH, Kim JY, Kim JC, Kim YH, Tae G. Efficient skin permeation of soluble proteins via flexible and functional nano-carrier. J Control Release 2011; 157:272-8. [PMID: 21867735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In spite of several intrinsic and distinct advantages, a topical and transdermal administration of drugs has been limited mainly due to very low permeability of drugs across skin. Especially, it is generally regarded that hydrophilic macromolecules such as proteins, peptides, and vaccines cannot penetrate across skin. In this study, we demonstrated that chitosan-conjugated, Pluronic-based nano-carrier (nanogel) can act as an efficient delivery vehicle of hydrophilic proteins across human skin. The functional nano-carrier (<100 nm in size), chemically-crosslinking Pluronic F 127 with chitosan conjugation, is flexible and soft with reservoir characteristics for biomacromolecules. The in-vitro permeation experiments through human cadaver skin revealed remarkable permeability of hydrophilic proteins of various sizes including FITC-BSA (67 kDa) and FITC-Insulin (6 kDa) by direct penetration of the nano-carrier across skin. The bioactivity post-permeation of proteins via the functional nano-carrier was also confirmed by delivering ß-galactosidase. Results presented in this paper suggest the use of chitosan-conjugated flexible nano-carrier as a novel platform for transcutaneous delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules and other drug-delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Il Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
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185
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Wang YY, Lai SK, So C, Schneider C, Cone R, Hanes J. Mucoadhesive nanoparticles may disrupt the protective human mucus barrier by altering its microstructure. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21547. [PMID: 21738703 PMCID: PMC3126822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus secretions typically protect exposed surfaces of the eyes and respiratory, gastrointestinal and female reproductive tracts from foreign entities, including pathogens and environmental ultrafine particles. We hypothesized that excess exposure to some foreign particles, however, may cause disruption of the mucus barrier. Many synthetic nanoparticles are likely to be mucoadhesive due to hydrophobic, electrostatic or hydrogen bonding interactions. We therefore sought to determine whether mucoadhesive particles (MAP) could alter the mucus microstructure, thereby allowing other foreign particles to more easily penetrate mucus. We engineered muco-inert probe particles 1 µm in diameter, whose diffusion in mucus is limited only by steric obstruction from the mucus mesh, and used them to measure possible MAP-induced changes to the microstructure of fresh human cervicovaginal mucus. We found that a 0.24% w/v concentration of 200 nm MAP in mucus induced a ∼10-fold increase in the average effective diffusivity of the probe particles, and a 2- to 3-fold increase in the fraction capable of penetrating physiologically thick mucus layers. The same concentration of muco-inert particles, and a low concentration (0.0006% w/v) of MAP, had no detectable effect on probe particle penetration rates. Using an obstruction-scaling model, we determined that the higher MAP dose increased the average mesh spacing (“pore” size) of mucus from 380 nm to 470 nm. The bulk viscoelasticity of mucus was unaffected by MAP exposure, suggesting MAP may not directly impair mucus clearance or its function as a lubricant, both of which depend critically on the bulk rheological properties of mucus. Our findings suggest mucoadhesive nanoparticles can substantially alter the microstructure of mucus, highlighting the potential of mucoadhesive environmental or engineered nanoparticles to disrupt mucus barriers and cause greater exposure to foreign particles, including pathogens and other potentially toxic nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Samuel K. Lai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Conan So
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Craig Schneider
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard Cone
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Justin Hanes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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186
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Shen P, Ohta S, Inasawa S, Yamaguchi Y. Selective labeling of the endoplasmic reticulum in live cells with silicon quantum dots. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8409-11. [PMID: 21698318 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12713f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and novel approach was developed to obtain water-dispersible silicon quantum dots (Si-QDs) of low toxicity that were able to selectively label the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in live cells. A block copolymer (Pluronic F127) was used to coat the surface of Si-QDs. Si-QDs form aggregates with diameters of 20-40 nm and show an outstanding optical stability upon UV irradiation. Our F127-treated Si-QDs would be a powerful tool for long-term real-time observation of the ER in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shen
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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187
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Lai SK, Suk JS, Pace A, Wang YY, Yang M, Mert O, Chen J, Kim J, Hanes J. Drug carrier nanoparticles that penetrate human chronic rhinosinusitis mucus. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6285-90. [PMID: 21665271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
No effective therapies currently exist for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a persistent inflammatory condition characterized by the accumulation of highly viscoelastic mucus (CRSM) in the sinuses. Nanoparticle therapeutics offer promise for localized therapies for CRS, but must penetrate CRSM in order to avoid washout during sinus cleansing and to reach underlying epithelial cells. Prior research has not established whether nanoparticles can penetrate the tenacious CRSM barrier, or instead become trapped. Here, we first measured the diffusion rates of polystyrene nanoparticles and the same nanoparticles modified with muco-inert polyethylene glycol (PEG) coatings in fresh, minimally perturbed CRSM collected during endoscopic sinus surgery from CRS patients with and without nasal polyp. We found that uncoated polystyrene particles, previously shown to be mucoadhesive in a number of human mucus secretions, were immobilized in all CRSM samples tested. In contrast, densely PEGylated particles as large as 200 nm were able to readily penetrate all CRSM samples from patients with CRS alone, and nearly half of CRSM samples from patients with nasal polyp. Based on the mobility of different sized PEGylated particles, we estimated the average pore size of fresh CRSM to be at least 150 ± 50 nm. Guided by these studies, we formulated mucus-penetrating particles composed of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and Pluronics, two materials with a long history of safety and use in humans. We showed that these biodegradable particles are capable of rapidly penetrating CRSM at average speeds up to only 20-fold slower than their theoretical speeds in water. Our findings strongly support the development of mucus-penetrating nanomedicines for the treatment of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Lai
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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188
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das Neves J, Amiji M, Sarmento B. Mucoadhesive nanosystems for vaginal microbicide development: friend or foe? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 3:389-99. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José das Neves
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CICS, Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde‐Norte, Gandra, Portugal
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