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Abstract
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases aim at halting clinical deterioration by regeneration and by providing local support for damaged tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential for cell therapy as they can be efficiently derived from adult tissue, ex vivo expanded in culture and safely transplanted autologously. MSCs were also shown to be able to differentiate toward neural fates and to secrete a broad range of factors able to promote nervous tissue maintenance and repair. Moreover, upon transplantation, MSCs were shown capable of homing toward lesioned areas, implying their potential use as vehicles for therapeutic agents administration. Indeed, various advantageous effects were reported following human MSCs transplantation into rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as neurotrophic factor-mediated protection, enhanced neurogenesis, modulation of inflammation, and abnormal protein aggregate clearance. Recent studies have also used ex vivo manipulation for enhanced expression of potentially favorable factors, by so exploiting the homing capacity of MSCs for effective expression at the lesion site. Here, we will summarize current advancements in MSCs-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. We will examine the roles of central mechanisms suggested to mediate the beneficial effects of MSCs-based therapy and consider the augmentation of these mechanisms for superior clinical outcomes in rodent models of neurodegeneration as well as in clinical trials.
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152
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Chen X, Wang S, Cao W. Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated immunomodulation in cell therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Immunol 2017; 326:8-14. [PMID: 28778534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of immune responses has been identified to involve in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. Abnormal activation of glia cells and/or infiltration of peripheral adaptive immune cells always sustains neuroinflammation and the disease progression. Obviously, the regulation of neuroinflammation has become a potential therapeutic strategy against neurodegenerative diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit complex interactions with various immune cells including T cells, macrophages and especially resident glia cells in the central nervous system. In response to tissue injury signals, MSCs adopt specific phenotype to suppress or promote immune responses depending on the inflammatory microenvironment they reside. Therefore, manipulation of MSCs may hold great potentials to improve MSC-based therapy on neurodegenerative diseases. Here we review MSC-mediated immunomodulation in cell therapy of neurodegenerative diseases, providing fundamental information for guiding appropriate applications of MSCs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shijia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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153
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Kumar N, Chugh H, Tomar R, Tomar V, Singh VK, Chandra R. Exploring the interplay between autoimmunity and cancer to find the target therapeutic hotspots. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:658-668. [PMID: 28687059 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1350188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity arises when highly active immune responses are developed against the tissues or substances of one's own body. It is one of the most prevalent disorders among the old-age population with prospects increasing with age. The major cause of autoimmunity and associated diseases is the dysregulation of host immune surveillance. Impaired repairment of immune system and apoptosis regulation can be seen as major landmarks in autoimmune disorders such as the mutation of p53 gene which results in rheumatoid arthritis, bowel disease which consequently lead to tissue destruction, inflammation and dysfunctioning of body organs. Cytokines mediated apoptosis and proliferation of cells plays a regulatory role in cell cycle and further in cancer development. Anti-TNF therapy, Treg therapy and stem cell therapy have been used for autoimmune diseases, however, with the increase in the use of immunomodulatory therapies and their development for autoimmune diseases and cancer, the understanding of human immune system tends to become an increasing requirement. Hence, the findings associated with the relationship between autoimmune diseases and cancer may prove to be beneficial for the improvement in the health of suffering patients. Here in, we are eliciting the underlying mechanisms which result in autoimmune disorders causing the onset of cancer, exploration of interactome to find the pathways which are mutual to both, and recognition of hotspots which might play important role in autoimmunity mediated therapeutics with different therapies such as anti-TNF therapy, Treg therapy and stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- a Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory , University of Delhi , Delhi , India.,b Department of Biotechnology, Stem Cell Research Laboratory , Delhi Technological University , Delhi , India
| | - Heerak Chugh
- a Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Ravi Tomar
- a Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Vartika Tomar
- a Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Vimal Kishor Singh
- b Department of Biotechnology, Stem Cell Research Laboratory , Delhi Technological University , Delhi , India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- a Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory , University of Delhi , Delhi , India.,c Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
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154
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Volkman R, Offen D. Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1867-1880. [PMID: 28589621 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases aim at halting clinical deterioration by regeneration and by providing local support for damaged tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential for cell therapy as they can be efficiently derived from adult tissue, ex vivo expanded in culture and safely transplanted autologously. MSCs were also shown to be able to differentiate toward neural fates and to secrete a broad range of factors able to promote nervous tissue maintenance and repair. Moreover, upon transplantation, MSCs were shown capable of homing toward lesioned areas, implying their potential use as vehicles for therapeutic agents administration. Indeed, various advantageous effects were reported following human MSCs transplantation into rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as neurotrophic factor-mediated protection, enhanced neurogenesis, modulation of inflammation, and abnormal protein aggregate clearance. Per journal style, most nonstandard abbreviations must be used at least two times in the abstract to be retained; NTF was used once and thus has been deleted. Recent studies have also used ex vivo manipulation for enhanced expression of potentially favorable factors, by so exploiting the homing capacity of MSCs for effective expression at the lesion site. Here, we will summarize current advancements in MSCs-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. We will examine the roles of central mechanisms suggested to mediate the beneficial effects of MSCs-based therapy and consider the augmentation of these mechanisms for superior clinical outcomes in rodent models of neurodegeneration as well as in clinical trials. Stem Cells 2017;35:1867-1880.
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155
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Li A, Tao Y, Kong D, Zhang N, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang J, Xiao J, Jiang Y, Liu X, Zheng C. Infusion of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviates symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1538-1546. [PMID: 28781629 PMCID: PMC5526206 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluated 5 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Patients received intravenous transfusions of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs). All therapeutic and adverse responses were assessed and recorded during uMSC therapy. No severe adverse reactions were observed in any of the patients, although a slight transient fever was observed in 3 patients within 2–6 h of intravenous administration of uMSCs. Following treatment, the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Indices decreased, however the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index increased. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 3 patients was reduced and C-reactive protein levels in 1 patient were markedly reduced. The symptoms of AS were alleviated in all patients. The present study indicates that intravenous transfusion of uMSCs is safe and well tolerated by patients and that it effectively alleviates disease activity and clinical symptoms. In the future, a larger cohort of patients with AS should be recruited to enable the systemic evaluation of uMSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Li
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory For Stem Cell Research, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Tao
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory For Stem Cell Research, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Dexiao Kong
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory For Stem Cell Research, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yongjing Wang
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory For Stem Cell Research, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Zhilun Wang
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory For Stem Cell Research, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yingxue Wang
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory For Stem Cell Research, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Juandong Wang
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory For Stem Cell Research, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory For Stem Cell Research, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory For Stem Cell Research, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory For Stem Cell Research, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Chengyun Zheng
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institute Collaborative Laboratory For Stem Cell Research, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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156
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Prockop DJ, Oh JY, Lee RH. Data against a Common Assumption: Xenogeneic Mouse Models Can Be Used to Assay Suppression of Immunity by Human MSCs. Mol Ther 2017. [PMID: 28647464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of what we know about immunology suggests that little is to be gained from experiments in which human cells are administered to immunocompetent mice. Multiple reports have demonstrated that this common assumption does not hold for experiments with human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs). The data demonstrate that hMSCs can suppress immune responses to a variety of stimuli in immunocompetent mice by a range of different mechanisms that are similar to those employed by mouse MSCs. Therefore, further experiments with hMSCs in mice will make it possible to generate preclinical data that will improve both the efficacy and safety of the clinical trials with the cells that are now in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin J Prockop
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
| | - Joo Youn Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea; Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Ryang Hwa Lee
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77845, USA
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157
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Singh SP, Jadhav SH, Chaturvedi CP, Nityanand S. Therapeutic efficacy of multipotent adult progenitor cells versus mesenchymal stem cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Regen Med 2017. [PMID: 28621170 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM In this study, we have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of mouse multipotent adult progenitor cells (mMAPCs) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, and compared it with mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). MATERIALS & METHODS We administered PKH26-labeled mMAPC and mMSC into EAE mice and evaluated their therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS The mMAPC-treated mice in comparison with the mMSC group exhibited a higher suppression of EAE (p < 0.05), and a higher fold expression of neuronal genes GAP43, NG2, PDGFR, Nestin, SMI 32, BDNF and NT 3 in spinal cord (p < 0.05), suggesting a better neuroprotective and regenerative potential of mMAPC than mMSC. CONCLUSION MAPC may be a potential cell type, which is superior to mesenchymal stem cell for the treatment of EAE/multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Pratap Singh
- Stem Cell Research Facility, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226014, India
| | - Sachin Hanumantrao Jadhav
- Stem Cell Research Facility, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226014, India
| | - Chandra Prakash Chaturvedi
- Stem Cell Research Facility, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226014, India
| | - Soniya Nityanand
- Stem Cell Research Facility, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226014, India
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158
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Sargent A, Bai L, Shano G, Karl M, Garrison E, Ranasinghe L, Planchon SM, Cohen J, Miller RH. CNS disease diminishes the therapeutic functionality of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Neurol 2017; 295:222-232. [PMID: 28602834 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a potentially powerful cellular therapy for autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on their success in treating animal models of MS like experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), MSCs have moved rapidly into clinical trials for MS. The majority of these trials use autologous MSCs derived from MS patients, although it remains unclear how CNS disease may affect these cells. Here, we report that bone marrow MSCs derived from EAE mice lack therapeutic efficacy compared to naïve MSCs in their ability to ameliorate EAE. Treatment with conditioned medium from EAE-MSCs also fails to modulate EAE, and EAE-MSCs secrete higher levels of many pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to naïve MSCs. Similarly, MSCs derived from MS patients have less therapeutic efficacy than naïve MSCs in treating EAE and secrete higher levels of some of the same pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus diseases like EAE and MS diminish the therapeutic functionality of bone marrow MSCs, prompting reevaluation about the ongoing use of autologous MSCs as a treatment for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Sargent
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lianhua Bai
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Genevieve Shano
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Molly Karl
- Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eric Garrison
- Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lahiru Ranasinghe
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah M Planchon
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey Cohen
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert H Miller
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
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159
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Caplan AI. New MSC: MSCs as pericytes are Sentinels and gatekeepers. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1151-1159. [PMID: 28294393 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells, hMSCs, were first named over 25 years ago with the "stem cell" nomenclature derived from the fact that we and others could cause these cells to differentiate into a number of different mesodermal phenotypes in cell culture. The capacity to form skeletal tissue in vitro encouraged the use of hMSCs for the fabrication of tissue engineered skeletal repair tissue with subsequent transplantation to in vivo sites. With the current realization that MSCs are derived from perivascular cells, pericytes, and the immunomodulatory and trophic capabilities of MSCs in both in vitro and in vivo test systems, a complete re-evaluation of the role and functions of MSCs in the body was required. Additionally, the skeleton is a preferred organ for cancer dissemination from various tumor malignancies. To date, most efforts to understand skeletal metastasis have focused on the invasive and digestive capability of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs). The contribution of the target organ-specific microvascular structure influencing extravasation is less well understood. Current targeted cancer therapies are designed to alter not only biological functions in DTCs, but also components of the tumor stroma/microenvironment such as blood vessels. We now have a comprehensive image of the critical role of the host vasculature as an instructive niche for DTCs. The focus of this manuscript is to present the current information about MSC function in situ and to emphasize how these new observations provide insight into understanding the role of the pericyte/MSC in skeletal activities including our new hypothesis for how these cells act as a gatekeeper for metastasis of melanoma into bone. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1151-1159, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold I Caplan
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Skeletal Research Center, 10600 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
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160
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Wang B, Wu S, Wang T, Ma Z, Liu K. Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Mediated Protection Against Organ Dysfunction in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Is Associated With Peripheral Immune Responses. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3184-3192. [PMID: 28252221 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a fatal thrombohemorrhagic disorder. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are multipotent stem cells that have tremendous therapeutic effect. Our aim was to explore whether the immune mechanisms were associated with BMSCs-afforded protection against DIC. We generated a rat model of DIC by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 3 mg/kg) injection via the tail vein. In the treatment group, rats were pre-treated with 1 × l03 , 1 × l04 , 1 × l05 , and 1 × l06 allogeneic BMSCs before LPS injection. Blood sample was withdrawn from the abdominal aorta at 0 (before), 4, and 8 h after LPS injection and used for biochemical analyses. After experiments, the mice were sacrificed and their organs were harvested and observed by H&E and PTAH staining. Continuous infusion of LPS into the rats gradually impaired the hemostatic parameters and damaged organ functions. However, pre-treatment with BMSCs dose-dependently improved the hemostatic parameters. Meanwhile, the treatment significantly suppressed the fibrin microthrombi formation and alleviated liver, heart, lung, and renal injuries. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that BMSCs pre-treatment inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of CD3+ CD8+ T cells and CD3+ /CD161a+ NKT cells in the peripheral blood. BMSCs pre-treatment reversed the upregualtion of the B-cell population and the percentage of CD43+ /CD172a+ monocytes in the DIC models. Finally, BMSCs pre-treatment decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and increased the levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in LPS-induced DIC models. Pre-treatment with BMSCs can reduce coagulation and alleviate organ dysfunction via peripheral immune responses in LPS-induced DIC rat model. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3184-3192, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong, University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shuming Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong, University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong, University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zengshan Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong, University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong, University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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161
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Togha M, Jahanshahi M, Alizadeh L, Jahromi SR, Vakilzadeh G, Alipour B, Gorji A, Ghaemi A. Rapamycin Augments Immunomodulatory Properties of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54:2445-2457. [PMID: 26971291 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been considered as an appropriate candidate for treatment of autoimmune diseases. Previous studies have revealed that treatment with BM-MSCs may modulate immune responses and alleviate the symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine immunomodulatory effects of BM-MSCs in the treatment of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55-induced EAE in C57BL/6 mice. MSCs were obtained from the bone marrow of C57BL mice, cultured with DMEM/F12, and characterized with flow cytometry for the presence of cell surface markers for BM-MSCs. Following three passages, BM-MSCs were injected intraperitoneally into EAE mice alone or in combination with rapamycin. Immunological and histopathological effects of BM-MSCs and addition of rapamycin to BM-MSCs were evaluated. The results demonstrated that adding rapamycin to BM-MSCs transplantation in EAE mice significantly reduced inflammation infiltration and demyelination, enhanced the immunomodulatory functions, and inhibited progress of neurological impairments compared to BM-MSC transplantation and control groups. The immunological effects of rapamycin and BM-MSC treatments were associated with the inhibition of the Ag-specific lymphocyte proliferation, CD8+ cytolytic activity, and the Th1-type cytokine (gamma-interferon (IFN-γ)) and the increase of Th-2 cytokine (interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10) production. Addition of rapamycin to BM-MSCs was able to ameliorate neurological deficits and provide neuroprotective effects in EAE. This suggests the potential of rapamycin and BM-MSC combined therapy to play neuroprotective roles in the treatment of neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Togha
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Jahanshahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Soodeh Razeghi Jahromi
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Tehran, Iran
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center-Neuroscience Institute, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gelareh Vakilzadeh
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Alipour
- Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Tehran, Iran
- Epilepsy Research Center, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 49175-1141, Gorgan, Iran.
- Department of Virology, Institute Pasteur of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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162
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de Wolf C, van de Bovenkamp M, Hoefnagel M. Regulatory perspective on in vitro potency assays for human mesenchymal stromal cells used in immunotherapy. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:784-797. [PMID: 28457740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells derived from various tissues that can differentiate into several cell types. MSCs are able to modulate the response of immune cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Because of these multimodal properties, the potential use of MSCs for immunotherapies is currently explored in various clinical indications. Due to the diversity of potential MSC medicinal products at the level of cell source, manufacturing process and indication, distinct functionality tests may be needed to ensure the quality for each of the different products. In this review, we focus on in vitro potency assays proposed for characterization and release of different MSC medicinal products. We discuss the most used functional assays, as presented in scientific advices and literature, highlighting specific advantages and limitations of the various assays. Currently, the most proposed and accepted potency assay for release is based on in vitro inhibition of T cell proliferation or other functionalities. However, for some products, assays based on other MSC or responder cell properties may be more appropriate. In all cases, the biological relevance of the proposed assay for the intended clinical activity should be substantiated with appropriate product-specific (non-)clinical data. In case practical considerations prevent the use of the ideal potency assay at release, use of a surrogate marker or test could be considered if correlation with functionality has been demonstrated. Nevertheless, as the field of MSC immunology is evolving, improvements can be expected in relevant assays and consequently in guidance related to potency testing.
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163
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The transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from unconventional sources: an innovative approach to multiple sclerosis therapy. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 65:363-379. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-017-0460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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164
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He S, Gleason J, Fik-Rymarkiewicz E, DiFiglia A, Bharathan M, Morschauser A, Djuretic I, Xu Y, Krakovsky M, Jankovic V, Buensuceso C, Edinger J, Herzberg U, Hofgartner W, Hariri R. Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal-Like Cells Enhance Angiogenesis via T Cell-Dependent Reprogramming of Macrophage Differentiation. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1603-1613. [PMID: 28233380 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a leading cause of limb loss and mortality worldwide with limited treatment options. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy has demonstrated positive effects on angiogenesis in preclinical models and promising therapeutic efficacy signals in early stage clinical studies; however, the mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated angiogenesis remain largely undefined. Here, we investigated the mechanism of action of human placenta-derived MSC-like cells (PDA-002) in inducing angiogenesis using mice hind limb ischemia model. We showed that PDA-002 improved blood flow and promoted collateral vessel formation in the injured limb. Histological analysis demonstrated that PDA-002 increased M2-like macrophages in ischemic tissue. Analysis of the changes in functional T cell phenotype in the draining lymph nodes revealed that PDA-002 treatment was associated with the induction of cytokine and gene expression signatures of Th2 response. Angiogenic effect of PDA-002 was markedly reduced in Balb/c nude mice compared with wild type. This reduction in efficacy was reversed by T cell reconstitution, suggesting T cells are essential for PDA-002-mediated angiogenesis. Furthermore, effect of PDA-002 on macrophage differentiation was also T cell-dependent as a PDA-002-mediated M2-like macrophage skewing was only observed in wild type and T cell reconstituted nude mice, but not in nude mice. Finally, we showed that PDA-002-treated animals had enhanced angiogenic recovery in response to the second injury when PDA-002 no longer persisted in vivo. These results suggest that PDA-002 enhances angiogenesis through an immunomodulatory mechanism involving T cell-dependent reprogramming of macrophage differentiation toward M2-like phenotype. Stem Cells 2017;35:1603-1613.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang He
- Celgene Cellular Therapeutics, Warren, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Xu
- Invivotek, Hamilton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | - James Edinger
- Celgene Cellular Therapeutics, Warren, New Jersey, USA
| | - Uri Herzberg
- Celgene Cellular Therapeutics, Warren, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Robert Hariri
- Celgene Cellular Therapeutics, Warren, New Jersey, USA
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165
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Aktas E, Chamberlain CS, Saether EE, Duenwald-Kuehl SE, Kondratko-Mittnacht J, Stitgen M, Lee JS, Clements AE, Murphy WL, Vanderby R. Immune modulation with primed mesenchymal stem cells delivered via biodegradable scaffold to repair an Achilles tendon segmental defect. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:269-280. [PMID: 27061844 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tendon healing is a complex coordinated series of events resulting in protracted recovery, limited regeneration, and scar formation. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has shown promise as a new technology to enhance soft tissue and bone healing. A challenge with MSC therapy involves the ability to consistently control the inflammatory response and subsequent healing. Previous studies suggest that preconditioning MSCs with inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β may accelerate cutaneous wound closure. The objective of this study was to therefore elucidate these effects in tendon. That is, the in vivo healing effects of TNF-α primed MSCs were studied using a rat Achilles segmental defect model. Rat Achilles tendons were subjected to a unilateral 3 mm segmental defect and repaired with either a PLG scaffold alone, MSC-seeded PLG scaffold, or TNF-α-primed MSC-seeded PLG scaffold. Achilles tendons were analyzed at 2 and 4 weeks post-injury. In vivo, MSCs, regardless of priming, increased IL-10 production and reduced the inflammatory factor, IL-1α. Primed MSCs reduced IL-12 production and the number of M1 macrophages, as well as increased the percent of M2 macrophages, and synthesis of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-4. Primed MSC treatment also increased the concentration of type I procollagen in the healing tissue and increased failure stress of the tendon 4 weeks post-injury. Taken together delivery of TNF-α primed MSCs via 3D PLG scaffold modulated macrophage polarization and cytokine production to further accentuate the more regenerative MSC-induced healing response. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:269-280, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Aktas
- Department of Orthopedics, Ankara Oncology Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Connie S Chamberlain
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | - Erin E Saether
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | - Sarah E Duenwald-Kuehl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | | | - Michael Stitgen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | - Anna E Clements
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | - Ray Vanderby
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
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166
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Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Regulating Self-Reactive T Cell Responses and Dendritic Cell Function. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:2389753. [PMID: 28250776 PMCID: PMC5303870 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2389753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapy for autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Administration of MSCs to MS patients has proven safe with signs of immunomodulation but their therapeutic efficacy remains low. The aim of the current study has been to further characterize the immunomodulatory mechanisms of adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ASCs) in vitro and in vivo using the EAE model of chronic brain inflammation in mice. We found that murine ASCs (mASCs) suppress T cell proliferation in vitro via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 1/2 activities. mASCs also prevented the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. The addition of the COX-1/2 inhibitor indomethacin, but not the iNOS inhibitor L-NAME, reversed the block in DC maturation implicating prostaglandin (PG) E2 in this process. In vivo, early administration of murine and human ASCs (hASCs) ameliorated myelin oligodendrocyte protein- (MOG35-55-) induced EAE in C57Bl/6 mice. Mechanistic studies showed that mASCs suppressed the function of autoantigen-specific T cells and also decreased the frequency of activated (CD11c+CD40high and CD11c+TNF-α+) DCs in draining lymph nodes (DLNs). In summary, these data suggest that mASCs reduce EAE severity, in part, through the impairment of DC and T cell function.
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167
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Földes A, Kádár K, Kerémi B, Zsembery Á, Gyires K, S Zádori Z, Varga G. Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Dental Origin-Their Potential for Antiinflammatory and Regenerative Actions in Brain and Gut Damage. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 14:914-934. [PMID: 26791480 PMCID: PMC5333580 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160121115210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain and spinal cord injury and neuroinflammatory multiple sclerosis are diverse disorders of the central nervous system. However, they are all characterized by various levels of inappropriate inflammatory/immune response along with tissue destruction. In the gastrointestinal system, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is also a consequence of tissue destruction resulting from an uncontrolled inflammation. Interestingly, there are many similarities in the immunopathomechanisms of these CNS disorders and the various forms of IBD. Since it is very hard or impossible to cure them by conventional manner, novel therapeutic approaches such as the use of mesenchymal stem cells, are needed. Mesenchymal stem cells have already been isolated from various tissues including the dental pulp and periodontal ligament. Such cells possess transdifferentiating capabilities for different tissue specific cells to serve as new building blocks for regeneration. But more importantly, they are also potent immunomodulators inhibiting proinflammatory processes and stimulating anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The present review was prepared to compare the immunopathomechanisms of the above mentioned neurodegenerative, neurotraumatic and neuroinflammatory diseases with IBD. Additionally, we considered the potential use of mesenchymal stem cells, especially those from dental origin to treat such disorders. We conceive that such efforts will yield considerable advance in treatment options for central and peripheral disorders related to inflammatory degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gábor Varga
- Departments of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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168
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Volpe G, Bernstock JD, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S. Modulation of host immune responses following non-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Translational implications in progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 331:11-27. [PMID: 28034466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There exists an urgent need for effective treatments for those patients suffering from chronic/progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Accordingly, it has become readily apparent that different classes of stem cell-based therapies must be explored at both the basic science and clinical levels. Herein, we provide an overview of the basic mechanisms underlying the pre-clinical benefits of exogenously delivered non-hematopoietic stem cells (nHSCs) in animal models of MS. Further, we highlight a number of early clinical trials in which nHSCs have been used to treat MS. Finally, we identify a series of challenges that must be met and ultimately overcome if such promising therapeutics are to be advanced from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Volpe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; University of Cambridge, Clifford Allbutt Building - Cambridge Biosciences Campus, Hills Road, CB2 0AH Cambridge, UK.
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; University of Cambridge, Clifford Allbutt Building - Cambridge Biosciences Campus, Hills Road, CB2 0AH Cambridge, UK.
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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169
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Fuenzalida P, Kurte M, Fernández-O'ryan C, Ibañez C, Gauthier-Abeliuk M, Vega-Letter AM, Gonzalez P, Irarrázabal C, Quezada N, Figueroa F, Carrión F. Toll-like receptor 3 pre-conditioning increases the therapeutic efficacy of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis model. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:630-41. [PMID: 27059200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Immunomodulatory properties of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UCMSCs) can be differentially modulated by toll-like receptors (TLR) agonists. Here, the therapeutic efficacy of short TLR3 and TLR4 pre-conditioning of UCMSCs was evaluated in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The novelty of this study is that although modulation of human MSCs activity by TLRs is not a new concept, this is the first time that short TLR pre-conditioning has been carried out in a murine inflammatory model of acute colitis. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water ad libitum for 7 days. At days 1 and 3, mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1 × 10(6) UCMSCs untreated or TLR3 and TLR4 pre-conditioned UCMSCs. UCMSCs were pre-conditioned with poly(I:C) for TLR3 and LPS for TLR4 for 1 h at 37°C and 5% CO2. We evaluated clinical signs of disease and body weights daily. At the end of the experiment, colon length and histological changes were assessed. RESULTS poly(I:C) pre-conditioned UCMSCs significantly ameliorated the clinical and histopathological severity of DSS-induced colitis compared with UCMSCs or LPS pre-conditioned UCMSCs. In contrast, infusion of LPS pre-conditioned UCMSCs significantly increased clinical signs of disease, colon shortening and histological disease index in DSS-induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS These results show that short in vitro TLR3 pre-conditioning with poly(I:C) enhances the therapeutic efficacy of UCMSCs, which is a major breakthrough for developing improved treatments to patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Fuenzalida
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Kurte
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Fernández-O'ryan
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristina Ibañez
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Melanie Gauthier-Abeliuk
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Vega-Letter
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paz Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile; Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Irarrázabal
- Laboratory of Integrative and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nataly Quezada
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Figueroa
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Carrión
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Santiago, Chile.
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170
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Wang LT, Ting CH, Yen ML, Liu KJ, Sytwu HK, Wu KK, Yen BL. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treatment towards immune- and inflammation-mediated diseases: review of current clinical trials. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:76. [PMID: 27809910 PMCID: PMC5095977 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multilineage somatic progenitor/stem cells that have been shown to possess immunomodulatory properties in recent years. Initially met with much skepticism, MSC immunomodulation has now been well reproduced across tissue sources and species to be clinically relevant. This has opened up the use of these versatile cells for application as 3rd party/allogeneic use in cell replacement/tissue regeneration, as well as for immune- and inflammation-mediated disease entities. Most surprisingly, use of MSCs for in immune-/inflammation-mediated diseases appears to yield more efficacy than for regenerative medicine, since engraftment of the exogenous cell does not appear necessary. In this review, we focus on this non-traditional clinical use of a tissue-specific stem cell, and highlight important findings and trends in this exciting area of stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tzu Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Hsuan Ting
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Department of Ob/Gyn, National Taiwan University Hospital & College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jiunn Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, NDMC, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kenneth K Wu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan.
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171
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Ruzicka J, Machova-Urdzikova L, Gillick J, Amemori T, Romanyuk N, Karova K, Zaviskova K, Dubisova J, Kubinova S, Murali R, Sykova E, Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Jendelova P. A Comparative Study of Three Different Types of Stem Cells for Treatment of Rat Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Transplant 2016; 26:585-603. [PMID: 27938489 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x693671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three different sources of human stem cells-bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), neural progenitors (NPs) derived from immortalized spinal fetal cell line (SPC-01), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-were compared in the treatment of a balloon-induced spinal cord compression lesion in rats. One week after lesioning, the rats received either BM-MSCs (intrathecally) or NPs (SPC-01 cells or iPSC-NPs, both intraspinally), or saline. The rats were assessed for their locomotor skills (BBB, flat beam test, and rotarod). Morphometric analyses of spared white and gray matter, axonal sprouting, and glial scar formation, as well as qPCR and Luminex assay, were conducted to detect endogenous gene expression, while inflammatory cytokine levels were performed to evaluate the host tissue response to stem cell therapy. The highest locomotor recovery was observed in iPSC-NP-grafted animals, which also displayed the highest amount of preserved white and gray matter. Grafted iPSC-NPs and SPC-01 cells significantly increased the number of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43+) axons, reduced astrogliosis, downregulated Casp3 expression, and increased IL-6 and IL-12 levels. hMSCs transiently decreased levels of inflammatory IL-2 and TNF-α. These findings correlate with the short survival of hMSCs, while NPs survived for 2 months and matured slowly into glia- and tissue-specific neuronal precursors. SPC-01 cells differentiated more in astroglial phenotypes with a dense structure of the implant, whereas iPSC-NPs displayed a more neuronal phenotype with a loose structure of the graft. We concluded that the BBB scores of iPSC-NP- and hMSC-injected rats were superior to the SPC-01-treated group. The iPSC-NP treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) provided the highest recovery of locomotor function due to robust graft survival and its effect on tissue sparing, reduction of glial scarring, and increased axonal sprouting.
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172
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Van Pham P. Stem cell drugs: the next generation of pharmaceutical products. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-016-0047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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173
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Vega-Letter AM, Kurte M, Fernández-O'Ryan C, Gauthier-Abeliuk M, Fuenzalida P, Moya-Uribe I, Altamirano C, Figueroa F, Irarrázabal C, Carrión F. Differential TLR activation of murine mesenchymal stem cells generates distinct immunomodulatory effects in EAE. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:150. [PMID: 27724984 PMCID: PMC5057482 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, it has been observed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can modulate their immunoregulatory properties depending on the specific in-vitro activation of different Toll-like receptors (TLR), such as TLR3 and TLR4. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pretreatment on the immunological capacity of MSCs in vitro and in vivo. Methods C57BL/6 bone marrow-derived MSCs were pretreated with poly(I:C) and LPS for 1 hour and their immunomodulatory capacity was evaluated. T-cell proliferation and their effect on Th1, Th17, and Treg differentiation/activation were measured. Next, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of MSCs in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, which was induced for 27 days with MOG35–55 peptide following the standard protocol. Mice were subjected to a single intraperitoneal injection (2 × 106 MSCs/100 μl) on day 4. Clinical score and body weight were monitored daily by blinded analysis. At day 27, mice were euthanized and draining lymph nodes were extracted for Th1, Th17, and Treg detection by flow cytometry. Results Pretreatment of MSCs with poly(I:C) significantly reduced the proliferation of CD3+ T cells as well as nitric oxide secretion, an important immunosuppressive factor. Furthermore, MSCs treated with poly(I:C) reduced the differentiation/activation of proinflammatory lymphocytes, Th1 and Th17. In contrast, MSCs pretreated with LPS increased CD3+ T-cell proliferation, and induced Th1 and Th17 cells, as well as the levels of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. Finally, we observed that intraperitoneal administration of MSCs pretreated with poly(I:C) significantly reduced the severity of EAE as well as the percentages of Th1 and Th17 proinflammatory subsets, while the pretreatment of MSCs with LPS completely reversed the therapeutic immunosuppressive effect of MSCs. Conclusions Taken together, these data show that pretreatment of MSCs with poly(I:C) improved their immunosuppressive abilities. This may provide an opportunity to better define strategies for cell-based therapies to autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Vega-Letter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo N°12.455, Las Condes, Santiago, 750000, Chile.,Cell Culture Laboratory Animals, School of of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, 2362803, Chile
| | - Mónica Kurte
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo N°12.455, Las Condes, Santiago, 750000, Chile
| | - Catalina Fernández-O'Ryan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo N°12.455, Las Condes, Santiago, 750000, Chile
| | - Melanie Gauthier-Abeliuk
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo N°12.455, Las Condes, Santiago, 750000, Chile
| | - Patricia Fuenzalida
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo N°12.455, Las Condes, Santiago, 750000, Chile
| | - Ivón Moya-Uribe
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo N°12.455, Las Condes, Santiago, 750000, Chile
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- Cell Culture Laboratory Animals, School of of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, 2362803, Chile
| | - Fernando Figueroa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo N°12.455, Las Condes, Santiago, 750000, Chile
| | - Carlos Irarrázabal
- Laboratory of Integrative and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo N°12.455, Las Condes, Santiago, 750000, Chile
| | - Flavio Carrión
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo N°12.455, Las Condes, Santiago, 750000, Chile.
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174
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Matula Z, Németh A, Lőrincz P, Szepesi Á, Brózik A, Buzás EI, Lőw P, Német K, Uher F, Urbán VS. The Role of Extracellular Vesicle and Tunneling Nanotube-Mediated Intercellular Cross-Talk Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Human Peripheral T Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1818-1832. [PMID: 27596268 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mediating the immunosuppressory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has recently attracted remarkable scientific interest. The aim of this work was to analyze the transport mechanisms of membrane and cytoplasmic components between T lymphocytes and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs), by focusing on the role of distinct populations of EVs, direct cell-cell contacts, and the soluble mediators per se in modulating T lymphocyte function. We found that neither murine thymocytes and human primary T cells nor Jurkat lymphoblastoid cells incorporated appreciable amounts of MSC-derived microvesicles (MVs) or exosomes (EXOs). Moreover, these particles had no effect on the proliferation and IFN-γ production of in vitro-stimulated primary T cells. In contrast, AD-MSCs incorporated large amounts of membrane components from T cells as an intensive uptake of EXOs and MVs could be observed. Interestingly, we found a bidirectional exchange of cytoplasmic components between human AD-MSCs and primary T lymphocytes, mediated by tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) derived exclusively from the T cells. In contrast, TNTs couldn't be observed between AD-MSCs and the Jurkat cells. Our results reveal a novel and efficient way of intercellular communication between MSCs and T cells, and may help a better understanding of the immunomodulatory function of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Matula
- 1 Institute of Enzymology , Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Németh
- 2 Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Lőrincz
- 3 Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvos Loránd University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Áron Szepesi
- 1 Institute of Enzymology , Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Brózik
- 1 Institute of Enzymology , Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- 2 Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Lőw
- 3 Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvos Loránd University , Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ferenc Uher
- 5 Stem Cell Biology, National Blood Service , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika S Urbán
- 6 Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
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175
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Torkaman M, Ghollasi M, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M, Salimi A, Amari A. The effect of transplanted human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells treated with IFN-γ on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. Cell Immunol 2016; 311:1-12. [PMID: 27697286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) increases the immunosuppressive property of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs). In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of IFN-γ primed WJ-MSCs in EAE mice. IFN-γ primed WJ-MSCs were injected on days 3 and 11 after EAE induction. 21 days after EAE induction, splenocytes and cervical lymph node cells were isolated and cell proliferation, secretion of inflammatory cytokines and frequency of regulatory T-cells was measured. On day 50 of the study, cell infiltration and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in brain of mice were studied. Leukocyte infiltration and symptoms were significantly reduced in IFN-γ primed WJ-MSCs treated group compared to other groups. These cells showed significantly reduced proliferation and increased Treg cells as well as decreased secretion and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in EAE mice. Our data suggest that IFN-γ may be used to stimulate the immunomodulatory property of WJ-MSCs in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Torkaman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Ghollasi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Ali Salimi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afshin Amari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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176
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Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: New Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Cellular Therapeutic Approaches. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8768162. [PMID: 27721837 PMCID: PMC5046039 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8768162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) became an arising disease due to the important antiresorptive drug prescriptions to treat oncologic and osteoporotic patients, as well as the use of new antiangiogenic drugs such as VEGF antagonist. So far, MRONJ physiopathogenesis still remains unclear. Aiming to better understand MRONJ physiopathology, the first objective of this review would be to highlight major molecular mechanisms that are known to be involved in bone formation and remodeling. Recent development in MRONJ pharmacological treatments showed good results; however, those treatments are not curative and could have major side effects. In parallel to pharmacological treatments, MSC grafts appeared to be beneficial in the treatment of MRONJ, in multiple aspects: (1) recruitment and stimulation of local or regional endogenous cells to differentiate into osteoblasts and thus bone formation, (2) beneficial impact on bone remodeling, and (3) immune-modulatory properties that decrease inflammation. In this context, the second objective of this manuscript would be to summarize the molecular regulatory events controlling osteogenic differentiation, bone remodeling, and osteoimmunology and potential beneficial effects of MSC related to those aspects, in order to apprehend MRONJ and to develop new therapeutic approaches.
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177
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Selim AO, Selim SA, Shalaby SM, Mosaad H, Saber T. Neuroprotective effects of placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in a rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:1100-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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178
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Lindsay SL, Barnett SC. Are nestin-positive mesenchymal stromal cells a better source of cells for CNS repair? Neurochem Int 2016; 106:101-107. [PMID: 27498150 PMCID: PMC5455984 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years there has been a great deal of research within the stem cell field which has led to the definition and classification of a range of stem cells from a plethora of tissues and organs. Stem cells, by classification, are considered to be pluri- or multipotent and have both self-renewal and multi-differentiation capabilities. Presently there is a great deal of interest in stem cells isolated from both embryonic and adult tissues in the hope they hold the therapeutic key to restoring or treating damaged cells in a number of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In this review we will discuss the role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from human olfactory mucosa, with particular emphasis on their potential role as a candidate for transplant mediated repair in the CNS. Since nestin expression defines the entire population of olfactory mucosal derived MSCs, we will compare these cells to a population of neural crest derived nestin positive population of bone marrow-MSCs. Human olfactory mucosa is a new source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Some bone marrow MSCs are nestin-positive, neural crest derived and regulate hematopoietic stem cell activation. Human olfactory mucosa contains a population of nestin-positive MSCs that secrete CXCL12 and may have promote CNS repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Lindsay
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Glial Cell Biology Group, Sir Graeme Davies Building, Room B329, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Susan C Barnett
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Glial Cell Biology Group, Sir Graeme Davies Building, Room B329, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom.
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179
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Abramowski P, Krasemann S, Ernst T, Lange C, Ittrich H, Schweizer M, Zander AR, Martin R, Fehse B. Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Do Not Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Are Not Detectable in the Central Nervous System of Transplanted Mice. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1134-48. [PMID: 27250994 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) constitute progenitor cells that can be isolated from different tissues. Based on their immunomodulatory and neuroprotective functions, MSC-based cell-therapy approaches have been suggested to antagonize inflammatory activity and neuronal damage associated with autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), for example, multiple sclerosis (MS). Intravenous MSC transplantation was reported to ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the murine model of MS, within days after transplantation. However, systemic distribution patterns and fate of MSCs after administration, especially their potential to migrate into inflammatory lesions within the CNS, remain to be elucidated. This question has of recent become particularly important, since therapeutic infusion of MSCs is now being tested in clinical trials with MS-affected patients. Here, we made use of the established EAE mouse model to investigate migration and therapeutic efficacy of murine bone marrow-derived MSCs. Applying a variety of techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in-situ hybridization, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction we found no evidence for immediate migration of infused MSC into the CNS of treated mice. Moreover, in contrast to other studies, transplanted MSCs did not ameliorate EAE. In conclusion, our data does not provide substantiation for a relevant migration of infused MSCs into the CNS of EAE mice supporting the hypothesis that potential therapeutic efficacy could be based on systemic effects. Evaluation of possible mechanisms underlying the observed discrepancies in MSC treatment outcomes between different EAE models demands further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Abramowski
- 1 Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany .,2 Institute for Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (INIMS), ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- 3 Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ernst
- 4 Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Lange
- 1 Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harald Ittrich
- 4 Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- 5 Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Axel R Zander
- 6 Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Martin
- 2 Institute for Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (INIMS), ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany .,7 Neuroimmunology and MS Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Boris Fehse
- 1 Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
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180
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Rozenberg A, Rezk A, Boivin MN, Darlington PJ, Nyirenda M, Li R, Jalili F, Winer R, Artsy EA, Uccelli A, Reese JS, Planchon SM, Cohen JA, Bar-Or A. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Impact Th17 and Th1 Responses Through a Prostaglandin E2 and Myeloid-Dependent Mechanism. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1506-1514. [PMID: 27400792 PMCID: PMC5070498 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are being increasingly pursued as potential therapies for immune-mediated conditions, including multiple sclerosis. Although they can suppress human Th1 responses, they reportedly can reciprocally enhance human Th17 responses. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the capacity of hMSCs to modulate human Th1 and Th17 responses. Human adult bone marrow-derived MSCs were isolated, and their purity and differentiation capacity were confirmed. Human venous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were activated, alone, together with hMSC, or in the presence of hMSC-derived supernatants (sups). Cytokine expression by CD4+ T-cell subsets (intracellular staining by fluorescence-activated cell sorting) and secreted cytokines (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were then quantified. The contribution of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as well as of myeloid cells to the hMSC-mediated regulation of T-cell responses was investigated by selective depletion of PGE2 from the hMSC sups (anti-PGE2 beads) and by the selective removal of CD14+ cells from the PBMC (magnetic-activated cell sorting separation). Human MSC-secreted products could reciprocally induce interleukin-17 expression while decreasing interferon-γ expression by human CD4+ T cells, both in coculture and through soluble products. Pre-exposure of hMSCs to IL-1β accentuated their capacity to reciprocally regulate Th1 and Th17 responses. Human MSCs secreted high levels of PGE2, which correlated with their capacity to regulate the T-cell responses. Selective removal of PGE2 from the hMSC supernatants abrogated the impact of hMSC on the T cells. Selective removal of CD14+ cells from the PBMCs also limited the capacity of hMSC-secreted PGE2 to affect T-cell responses. Our discovery of a novel PGE2-dependent and myeloid cell-mediated mechanism by which human MSCs can reciprocally induce human Th17 while suppressing Th1 responses has implications for the use of, as well as monitoring of, MSCs as a potential therapeutic for patients with multiple sclerosis and other immune-mediated diseases. SIGNIFICANCE Although animal studies have generated a growing interest in the anti-inflammatory potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, MSCs possess the capacity to both limit and promote immune responses. Yet relatively little is known about human-MSC modulation of human disease-implicated T-cell responses, or the mechanisms underlying such modulation. The current study reveals a novel prostaglandin E2-dependent and myeloid cell-mediated mechanism by which human MSCs can reciprocally regulate human Th17 and Th1 responses, with implications for the use of MSCs as a potential therapeutic for patients with multiple sclerosis and other immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayal Rozenberg
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ayman Rezk
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Noëlle Boivin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter J Darlington
- Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mukanthu Nyirenda
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rui Li
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Farzaneh Jalili
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raz Winer
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elinor A Artsy
- American Medical Students Program, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Jane S Reese
- National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah M Planchon
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Cohen
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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181
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Işık S, Karaman M, Adan A, Kıray M, Bağrıyanık HA, Sözmen ŞÇ, Kozanoğlu İ, Karaman Ö, Baran Y, Uzuner N. Intraperitoneal mesenchymal stem cell administration ameliorates allergic rhinitis in the murine model. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 274:197-207. [PMID: 27380271 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) could ameliorate a variety of immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases due to their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we developed a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA) induced allergic inflammation in the upper airways and evaluated the effects of the intraperitoneal administration of BMSCs on allergic inflammation. Twenty-five BALB/c mice were divided into five groups; group I (control group), group II (sensitized and challenged with OVA and treated with saline-placebo group), group III (sensitized and challenged with OVA and treated with 1 × 106 BMSCs), group IV (sensitized and challenged with OVA and treated with 2 × 106 BMSCs), and group V (sensitized and challenged with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and treated with 1 × 106 BMSCs). Histopathological features (number of goblet cells, eosinophils and mast cells, basement membrane, epithelium thickness, and subepithelial smooth muscle thickness) of the upper and lower airways and BMSCs migration to nasal and lung tissue were evaluated using light and confocal microscopes. Levels of cytokines in the nasal lavage fluid and lung tissue supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Confocal microscopic analysis showed that there was no significant amount of BMSCs in the nasal and lung tissues of group V. However, significant amount of BMSCs were observed in group III and IV. In OVA-induced AR groups (group II, III, and IV), histopathological findings of chronic asthma, such as elevated subepithelial smooth muscle thickness, epithelium thickness, and number of goblet and mast cells, were determined. Furthermore, the number of nasal goblet and eosinophil cells, histopathological findings of chronic asthma, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and NO levels was significantly lower in both BMSCs-treated groups compared to the placebo group. Our findings indicated that histopathological findings of chronic asthma were also observed in mice upon AR induction. BMSCs migrated to the nasal and lung tissues following intraperitoneal delivery and ameliorated to the airway remodeling and airway inflammation both in the upper and lower airways via the inhibition of T helper (Th) 2 immune response in the murine model of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakine Işık
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Dokuz Eylul University, Balçova, 35330, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Meral Karaman
- Department of Microbiology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aysun Adan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Müge Kıray
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Şule Çağlayan Sözmen
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Dokuz Eylul University, Balçova, 35330, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Özkan Karaman
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Dokuz Eylul University, Balçova, 35330, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Baran
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nevin Uzuner
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Dokuz Eylul University, Balçova, 35330, Izmir, Turkey
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182
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Comparative Effects of Human Neural Stem Cells and Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells on the Neurobehavioral Disorders of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4079863. [PMID: 27429621 PMCID: PMC4939187 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4079863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since multiple sclerosis (MS) is featured with widespread demyelination caused by autoimmune response, we investigated the recovery effects of F3.olig2 progenitors, established by transducing human neural stem cells (F3 NSCs) with Olig2 transcription factor, in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein- (MOG-) induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model mice. Six days after EAE induction, F3 or F3.olig2 cells (1 × 106/mouse) were intravenously transplanted. MOG-injected mice displayed severe neurobehavioral deficits which were remarkably attenuated and restored by cell transplantation, in which F3.olig2 cells were superior to its parental F3 cells. Transplanted cells migrated to the injured spinal cord, matured to oligodendrocytes, and produced myelin basic proteins (MBP). The F3.olig2 cells expressed growth and neurotrophic factors including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). In addition, the transplanted cells markedly attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration, reduced cytokine levels in the spinal cord and lymph nodes, and protected host myelins. The results indicate that F3.olig2 cells restore neurobehavioral symptoms of EAE mice by regulating autoimmune inflammatory responses as well as by stimulating remyelination and that F3.olig2 progenitors could be a candidate for the cell therapy of demyelinating diseases including MS.
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183
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Yuan J, Yu JX. Gender difference in the neuroprotective effect of rat bone marrow mesenchymal cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:846-53. [PMID: 27335573 PMCID: PMC4904480 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.182764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can reduce retinal ganglion cell death and effectively prevent vision loss. Previously, we found that during differentiation, female rhesus monkey bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells acquire a higher neurogenic potential compared with male rhesus monkey bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. This suggests that female bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have a stronger neuroprotective effect than male bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Here, we first isolated and cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from female and male rats by density gradient centrifugation. Retinal tissue from newborn rats was prepared by enzymatic digestion to obtain primary retinal ganglion cells. Using the transwell system, retinal ganglion cells were co-cultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under hypoxia. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity assay. We found a marked increase in apoptotic rate and caspase-3 activity of retinal ganglion cells after 24 hours of hypoxia compared with normoxia. Moreover, apoptotic rate and caspase-3 activity of retinal ganglion cells significantly decreased with both female and male bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell co-culture under hypoxia compared with culture alone, with more significant effects from female bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Our results indicate that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exert a neuroprotective effect against hypoxia-induced apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells, and also that female cells have greater neuroprotective ability compared with male cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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184
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Brock JH, Graham L, Staufenberg E, Collyer E, Koffler J, Tuszynski MH. Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Intraspinal Transplants Fail to Improve Motor Outcomes in a Severe Model of Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:1103-14. [PMID: 26414795 PMCID: PMC4904236 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have been reported to exert potential neuroprotective properties in models of neurotrauma, although precise mechanisms underlying their benefits are poorly understood. Despite this lack of knowledge, several clinical trials have been initiated using these cells. To determine whether local mechanisms mediate BMSC neuroprotective actions, we grafted allogeneic BMSCs to sites of severe, compressive spinal cord injury (SCI) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Cells were administered 48 h after the original injury. Additional animals received allogeneic MSCs that were genetically modified to secrete brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to further determine whether a locally administered neurotrophic factor provides or extends neuroprotection. When assessed 2 months post-injury in a clinically relevant model of severe SCI, BMSC grafts with or without BDNF secretion failed to improve motor outcomes. Thus, allogeneic grafts of BMSCs do not appear to act through local mechanisms, and future clinical trials that acutely deliver BMSCs to actual sites of injury within days are unlikely to be beneficial. Additional studies should address whether systemic administration of BMSCs alter outcomes from neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Brock
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| | - Lori Graham
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Eileen Staufenberg
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Eileen Collyer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jacob Koffler
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mark H. Tuszynski
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
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185
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Pierro M, Thébaud B. MSCS in Scenarios of Infection and Inflammation: Focus on Neonatal Diseases. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-016-0045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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186
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Intraventricular injections of mesenchymal stem cells activate endogenous functional remyelination in a chronic demyelinating murine model. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2223. [PMID: 27171265 PMCID: PMC4917663 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments for demyelinating diseases are generally only capable of ameliorating the symptoms, with little to no effect in decreasing myelin loss nor promoting functional recovery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown by many researchers to be a potential therapeutic tool in treating various neurodegenerative diseases, including demyelinating disorders. However, in the majority of the cases, the effect was only observed locally, in the area surrounding the graft. Thus, in order to achieve general remyelination in various brain structures simultaneously, bone marrow-derived MSCs were transplanted into the lateral ventricles (LVs) of the cuprizone murine model. In this manner, the cells may secrete soluble factors into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and boost the endogenous oligodendrogenic potential of the subventricular zone (SVZ). As a result, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) were recruited within the corpus callosum (CC) over time, correlating with an increased myelin content. Electrophysiological studies, together with electron microscopy (EM) analysis, indicated that the newly formed myelin correctly enveloped the demyelinated axons and increased signal transduction through the CC. Moreover, increased neural stem progenitor cell (NSPC) proliferation was observed in the SVZ, possibly due to the tropic factors released by the MSCs. In conclusion, the findings of this study revealed that intraventricular injections of MSCs is a feasible method to elicit a paracrine effect in the oligodendrogenic niche of the SVZ, which is prone to respond to the factors secreted into the CSF and therefore promoting oligodendrogenesis and functional remyelination.
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Ahuja CS, Fehlings M. Concise Review: Bridging the Gap: Novel Neuroregenerative and Neuroprotective Strategies in Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:914-24. [PMID: 27130222 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) result in devastating lifelong disability for patients and their families. The initial mechanical trauma is followed by a damaging secondary injury cascade involving proapoptotic signaling, ischemia, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Ongoing cellular necrosis releases ATP, DNA, glutamate, and free radicals to create a cytotoxic postinjury milieu. Long-term regeneration of lost or injured networks is further impeded by cystic cavitation and the formation of an inhibitory glial-chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan scar. In this article, we discuss important neuroprotective interventions currently applied in clinical practice, including surgical decompression, blood pressure augmentation, and i.v. methylprednisolone. We then explore exciting translational therapies on the horizon, such as riluzole, minocycline, fibroblast growth factor, magnesium, and hypothermia. Finally, we summarize the key neuroregenerative strategies of the next decade, including glial scar degradation, Rho-ROCK inhibition, cell-based therapies, and novel bioengineered adjuncts. Throughout, we emphasize the need for combinatorial approaches to this multifactorial problem and discuss relevant studies at the forefront of translation. We conclude by providing our perspectives on the future direction of SCI research. SIGNIFICANCE Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) result in devastating, lifelong disability for patients and their families. This article discusses important neuroprotective interventions currently applied in clinical practice, including surgical decompression, blood pressure augmentation, and i.v. methylprednisolone. Translational therapies on the horizon are discussed, such as riluzole, minocycline, fibroblast growth factor, magnesium, and hypothermia. The key neuroregenerative strategies of the next decade are summarized, including glial scar degradation, Rho-ROCK inhibition, cell-based therapies, and novel bioengineered adjuncts. The need for combinatorial approaches to this multifactorial problem is emphasized, relevant studies at the forefront of translation are discussed, and perspectives on the future direction of SCI research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Ahuja
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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188
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Doulames VM, Plant GW. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapies for Cervical Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:530. [PMID: 27070598 PMCID: PMC4848986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical-level injuries account for the majority of presented spinal cord injuries (SCIs) to date. Despite the increase in survival rates due to emergency medicine improvements, overall quality of life remains poor, with patients facing variable deficits in respiratory and motor function. Therapies aiming to ameliorate symptoms and restore function, even partially, are urgently needed. Current therapeutic avenues in SCI seek to increase regenerative capacities through trophic and immunomodulatory factors, provide scaffolding to bridge the lesion site and promote regeneration of native axons, and to replace SCI-lost neurons and glia via intraspinal transplantation. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a clinically viable means to accomplish this; they have no major ethical barriers, sources can be patient-matched and collected using non-invasive methods. In addition, the patient’s own cells can be used to establish a starter population capable of producing multiple cell types. To date, there is only a limited pool of research examining iPSC-derived transplants in SCI—even less research that is specific to cervical injury. The purpose of the review herein is to explore both preclinical and clinical recent advances in iPSC therapies with a detailed focus on cervical spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Doulames
- Stanford Partnership for Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, California, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Giles W Plant
- Stanford Partnership for Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, California, CA 94305, USA.
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189
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Shimojima C, Takeuchi H, Jin S, Parajuli B, Hattori H, Suzumura A, Hibi H, Ueda M, Yamamoto A. Conditioned Medium from the Stem Cells of Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4164-71. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
The utilization of mesenchymal stem cells (also known as mesenchymal stromal cells, or MSCs) as a cell-based therapy for diseases that have ongoing inflammatory damage has become increasingly available. Our understanding of the cell biology of MSCs is still incomplete. However, as a result of increasing numbers of pre-clinical and clinical studies, general themes are emerging. The capacity of MSCs to reduce disease burden is largely associated with their ability to modulate the activity of the host immune responses rather than to contribute directly to tissue regeneration. As a result, they have significant potential in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease regardless of the affected tissue. For example, MSC based therapies have been developed in the context of diseases as diverse as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Here we discuss some of the principles that link these conditions, and the aspects of MSC biology that contribute to their use as a therapy for chronic inflammatory conditions.
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191
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Bravo B, Gallego MI, Flores AI, Bornstein R, Puente-Bedia A, Hernández J, de la Torre P, García-Zaragoza E, Perez-Tavarez R, Grande J, Ballester A, Ballester S. Restrained Th17 response and myeloid cell infiltration into the central nervous system by human decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:43. [PMID: 26987803 PMCID: PMC4797118 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis is a widespread inflammatory demyelinating disease. Several immunomodulatory therapies are available, including interferon-β, glatiramer acetate, natalizumab, fingolimod, and mitoxantrone. Although useful to delay disease progression, they do not provide a definitive cure and are associated with some undesirable side-effects. Accordingly, the search for new therapeutic methods constitutes an active investigation field. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to modify the disease course is currently the subject of intense interest. Decidua-derived MSCs (DMSCs) are a cell population obtained from human placental extraembryonic membranes able to differentiate into the three germ layers. This study explores the therapeutic potential of DMSCs. METHODS We used the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model to evaluate the effect of DMSCs on clinical signs of the disease and on the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in the central nervous system. We also compared the inflammatory profile of spleen T cells from DMSC-treated mice with that of EAE control animals, and the influence of DMSCs on the in vitro definition of the Th17 phenotype. Furthermore, we analyzed the effects on the presence of some critical cell types in central nervous system infiltrates. RESULTS Preventive intraperitoneal injection of DMSCs resulted in a significant delay of external signs of EAE. In addition, treatment of animals already presenting with moderate symptoms resulted in mild EAE with reduced disease scores. Besides decreased inflammatory infiltration, diminished percentages of CD4(+)IL17(+), CD11b(+)Ly6G(+) and CD11b(+)Ly6C(+) cells were found in infiltrates of treated animals. Early immune response was mitigated, with spleen cells of DMSC-treated mice displaying low proliferative response to antigen, decreased production of interleukin (IL)-17, and increased production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. Moreover, lower RORγT and higher GATA-3 expression levels were detected in DMSC-treated mice. DMSCs also showed a detrimental influence on the in vitro definition of the Th17 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS DMSCs modulated the clinical course of EAE, modified the frequency and cell composition of the central nervous system infiltrates during the disease, and mediated an impairment of Th17 phenotype establishment in favor of the Th2 subtype. These results suggest that DMSCs might provide a new cell-based therapy for the control of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bravo
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Carretera de Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta I. Gallego
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Laboratory of Mammary Gland Pathology, Carretera de Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Flores
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Avda. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Bornstein
- Hospital Central de Cruz Roja, Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Avenida de Reina Victoria 24, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Puente-Bedia
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Carretera de Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Hernández
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Carretera de Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paz de la Torre
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Avda. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena García-Zaragoza
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Laboratory of Mammary Gland Pathology, Carretera de Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Perez-Tavarez
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Histology Core Unit, Carretera de Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Grande
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Avda. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Ballester
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Carretera de Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Ballester
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Carretera de Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Immunomodulators regulate stem cell activity at all stages of development as well as during adulthood. Embryonic stem cell (ESC) proliferation as well as neurogenic processes during embryonic development are controlled by factors of the immune system. We review here immunophenotypic expression patterns of different stem cell types, including ESC, neural (NSC) and tissue-specific mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), and focus on immunodulatory properties of these cells. Immune and inflammatory responses, involving actions of cytokines as well as toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling are known to affect the differentiation capacity of NSC and MSC. Secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory messengers by MSC have been observed as the consequence of TLR and cytokine activation and promotion of differentiation into specified phenotypes. As result of augmented differentiation capacity, stem cells secrete angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor, resulting in multifactorial actions in tissue repair. Immunoregulatory properties of tissue specific adult stem cells are put into the context of possible clinical applications.
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193
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Zhang H, Siegel CT, Shuai L, Lai J, Zeng L, Zhang Y, Lai X, Bie P, Bai L. Repair of liver mediated by adult mouse liver neuro-glia antigen 2-positive progenitor cell transplantation in a mouse model of cirrhosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21783. [PMID: 26905303 PMCID: PMC4764864 DOI: 10.1038/srep21783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NG2-expressing cells are a population of periportal vascular stem/progenitors (MLpvNG2(+) cells) that were isolated from healthy adult mouse liver by using a "Percoll-Plate-Wait" procedure. We demonstrated that isolated cells are able to restore liver function after transplantation into a cirrhotic liver, and co-localized with the pericyte marker (immunohistochemistry: PDGFR-β) and CK19. Cells were positive for: stem cell (Sca-1, CD133, Dlk) and liver stem cell markers (EpCAM, CD14, CD24, CD49f); and negative for: hematopoietic (CD34, CD45) and endothelial markers (CD31, vWf, von Willebrand factor). Cells were transplanted (1 × 10(6) cells) in mice with diethylnitrosamine-induced cirrhosis at week 6. Cells showed increased hepatic associated gene expression of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Albumin (Alb), Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pc), SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (Sox9), hepatic nuclear factors (HNF1a, HNF1β, HNF3β, HNF4α, HNF6, Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), Leucine-rich repeated-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5-positive (Lgr5) and Tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT). Cells showed decreased fibrogenesis, hepatic stellate cell infiltration, Kupffer cells and inflammatory cytokines. Liver function markers improved. In a cirrhotic liver environment, cells could differentiate into hepatic lineages. In addition, grafted MLpvNG2(+) cells could mobilize endogenous stem/progenitors to participate in liver repair. These results suggest that MLpvNG2(+) cells may be novel adult liver progenitors that participate in liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwestern Hospital, No. 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Christopher T. Siegel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Case Western Reserve University Hospital, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Ling Shuai
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwestern Hospital, No. 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiejuan Lai
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwestern Hospital, No. 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Linli Zeng
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwestern Hospital, No. 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwestern Hospital, No. 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiangdong Lai
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwestern Hospital, No. 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ping Bie
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwestern Hospital, No. 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lianhua Bai
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwestern Hospital, No. 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
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194
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Cellular therapy in tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 32:32-8. [PMID: 25809753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapy now offer promise of potential adjunct therapeutic options for treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). We review here the role of Mesenchymal stromal cells, (MSCs), as well as other immune effector cells in the therapy of infectious diseases with a focus on TB. MSCs represent a population of tissue-resident non-hematopoietic adult progenitor cells which home into injured tissues increase the proliferative potential of broncho-alveolar stem cells and restore lung epithelium. MSCs have been shown to be immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory mediated via cell-cell contacts as well as soluble factors. We discuss the functional profile of MSCs and their potential use for adjunct cellular therapy of multi-drug resistant TB, with the aim of limiting tissue damage, and to convert unproductive inflammatory responses into effective anti-pathogen directed immune responses. Adjunct cellular therapy could potentially offer salvage therapy options for patients with drug-resistant TB, increase clinically relevant anti-M.tuberculosis directed immune responses and possibly shorten the duration of anti-TB therapy.
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195
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Huang B, Cheng X, Wang H, Huang W, la Ga Hu Z, Wang D, Zhang K, Zhang H, Xue Z, Da Y, Zhang N, Hu Y, Yao Z, Qiao L, Gao F, Zhang R. Mesenchymal stem cells and their secreted molecules predominantly ameliorate fulminant hepatic failure and chronic liver fibrosis in mice respectively. J Transl Med 2016; 14:45. [PMID: 26861623 PMCID: PMC4746907 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthotopic liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for liver failure but limited with shortage of available donor organs. Recent studies show promising results of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapies. METHODS We systematically investigate the therapeutic effects of MSCs or MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) in ameliorating fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) and chronic liver fibrosis in mice. In addition, extensive flow cytometry analysis of spleens from vehicle and MSC- and MSC-CM-treated mice was applied to reveal the alteration of inflammatory state. RESULTS In FHF model, MSCs treatment reduced remarkably the death incidents; the analysis of gross histopathology showed that control livers were soft and shrunken with extensive extravasated blood, which was gradually reduced at later time points, while MSC-treated livers showed gross pathological changes, even 24 h after MSC infusion, and hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed dramatical hepatocellular death with cytoplasmic vacuolization suppressed by MSCs treatment; flow cytometry analysis of total lymphocytes showed that macrophages (F4/80) infiltrated into control livers more than MSC-treated livers; by contrast, MSC-CM partially ameliorates FHF. In chronic liver injury model, MSC and MSC-CM both suppressed fibrogenesis and necroinflammatory, and the later was better; activation of hepatic stellate cells (α-SMA) was inhibited; glycogen synthesis and storage (indicated by periodic acid-Schiff -staining) was improved; liver regeneration (Ki67) was promoted while liver apoptosis (TUNEL) was reduced. In the in vitro, MSCs promote macrophage line RAW264.7 apoptosis and MSC-CM promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of HSC line LX-2. We also found that MSCs and MSC-CM could improve spleen; MSC-CM increased levels of Th2 and Treg cells, and reduced levels of Th17 cells, whereas levels of Th1 cells were unchanged; comparatively, MSC treatment did not affect Th17 and Treg cells and only slightly alters inflammatory state; MSC and MSC-CM treatment both substantially down-regulated macrophages in the spleens. CONCLUSION Both MSCs and MSC-CM exert therapeutic effects by acting on various key cells during the pathogenesis of FHF and chronic fibrosis, stimulating hepatocyte proliferation and suppressing apoptosis, down-regulating infiltrating macrophages, converting CD4(+) T lymphocyte system into an anti-inflammatory state, and facilitating hepatic stellate cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Huang
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Xixi Cheng
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Zha la Ga Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Logistic College of CAPF, Tianjin, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Zhenyi Xue
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Yurong Da
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Yongcheng Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, The Western Clinical School of the University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Qi Xiang Tai Road No.22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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196
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Mareschi K, Castiglia S, Sanavio F, Rustichelli D, Muraro M, Defedele D, Bergallo M, Fagioli F. Immunoregulatory effects on T lymphocytes by human mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from bone marrow, amniotic fluid, and placenta. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:138-150.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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197
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Human Wharton's jelly–derived mesenchymal stromal cells engineered to secrete Epstein-Barr virus interleukin-10 show enhanced immunosuppressive properties. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:205-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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198
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Wang D, Li SP, Fu JS, Bai L, Guo L. Resveratrol augments therapeutic efficiency of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 49:60-6. [PMID: 26827767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease, which served as a useful model providing considerable insights into the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBM-MSC) were shown to have neuroprotection capabilities in EAE. Resveratrol is a small polyphenolic compound and possess therapeutic activity in various immune-mediated diseases. The sensitivity of mBM-MSCs to resveratrol was determined by an established cell-viability assay. Resveratrol-treated mBM-MSCs were also characterized with flow cytometry using MSC-specific surface markers and analyzed for their multiple differentiation capacities. EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with MOG35-55. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ)/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-4 (IL-4)/interleukin-10 (IL-10), the hallmark cytokines that direct T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 development, were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In vivo efficacy experiments showed that mBM-MSCs or resveratrol alone led to a significant reduction in clinical scores, and combined treatment resulted in even more prominent reduction. The combined treatment with mBM-MSCs and resveratrol enhanced the immunomodulatory effects, showing suppressed proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10). The combination of mBM-MSCs and resveratrol provides a novel potential experimental protocol for alleviating EAE symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000 HeBei, PR China
| | - Shi-Ping Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000 HeBei, PR China
| | - Jin-Sheng Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000 HeBei, PR China
| | - Lin Bai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000 HeBei, PR China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000 HeBei, PR China.
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199
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Consentius C, Reinke P, Volk HD. Immunogenicity of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells: what has been seen in vitro and in vivo? Regen Med 2016; 10:305-15. [PMID: 25933239 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are promising candidates for supporting regeneration and suppressing undesired immune reactivity. Although autologous MSC have been most commonly used for clinical trials, data on application of allogeneic MHC-unmatched MSC were reported. The usage of MSC as an 'off-the-shelf' product would have several advantages; however, it is an immunological challenge. The preclinical studies on the (non)immunogenicity of MSC are contradictory and, unfortunately, solid data from clinical trials are missing. Induction of an alloresponse would be a major limitation for the application of allogeneic MSC. Here we discuss the key elements for the induction of an alloresponse and targets of immunomodulation by MSC as well as preclinical and clinical hints on allo(non)response to MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Consentius
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Shalaby SM, Sabbah NA, Saber T, Abdel Hamid RA. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells modulate the immune response in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:106-15. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sally M. Shalaby
- Medical Biochemistry Department; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - Norhan A. Sabbah
- Medical Biochemistry Department; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - Taisir Saber
- Medical Microbiology & Immunology; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
- Medical Laboratories Department; Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University; Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Reda A. Abdel Hamid
- Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
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