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Elseweidy MM, Younis NN, Elswefy SE, Abdallah FR, El-Dahmy SI, Elnagar G, Kassem HM. Atheroprotective potentials of curcuminoids against ginger extract in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:961-5. [PMID: 25208510 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.957699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The anti-atherogenic potentials of total ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract (TGE) or curcuminoids extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa), members of family Zingiberaceae, were compared in hypercholesterolaemia. Rabbits were fed either normal or atherogenic diet. The rabbits on atherogenic diet received treatments with TGE or curcumenoids and placebo concurrently for 6 weeks (n = 6). The anti-atherogenic effects of curcuminoids and ginger are mediated via multiple mechanisms. This effect was correlated with their ability to lower cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity. Ginger extract exerted preferential effects on plasma lipids, reverse cholesterol transport, cholesterol synthesis and inflammatory status. Curcuminoids, however, showed superior antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Elseweidy
- a Biochemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University , Zagazig 44519 , Egypt
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152
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Sahebkar A, Chew GT, Watts GF. Recent advances in pharmacotherapy for hypertriglyceridemia. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 56:47-66. [PMID: 25083925 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), hepatic steatosis and pancreatitis. Existing pharmacotherapies, such as fibrates, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and niacin, are partially efficacious in correcting elevated plasma TG. However, several new TG-lowering agents are in development that can regulate the transport of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) by modulating key enzymes, receptors or ligands involved in their metabolism. Balanced dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α/γ agonists, inhibitors of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) and acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 (DGAT-1), incretin mimetics, and apolipoprotein (apo) B-targeted antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can all decrease the production and secretion of TRLs; inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) 3 and 4, monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), apoC-III-targeted ASOs, selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulators (SPPARMs), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene replacement therapy (alipogene tiparvovec) enhance the catabolism and clearance of TRLs; dual PPAR-α/δ agonists and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can lower plasma TG by regulating both TRL secretion and catabolism. Varying degrees of TG reduction have been reported with the use of these therapies, and for some agents such as CETP inhibitors and PCSK9 Mabs findings have not been consistent. Whether they reduce CVD events has not been established. Trials investigating the effect of CETP inhibitors (anacetrapib and evacetrapib) and PCSK9 Mabs (AMG-145 and REGN727/SAR236553) on CVD outcomes are currently in progress, although these agents also regulate LDL metabolism and, in the case of CETP inhibitors, HDL metabolism. Further to CVD risk reduction, these new treatments might also have a potential role in the management of diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease owing to their insulin-sensitizing action (PPAR-α/γ agonists) and potential capacity to decrease hepatic TG accumulation (PPAR-α/δ agonists and DGAT-1 inhibitors), but this needs to be tested in future trials. We summarize the clinical trial findings regarding the efficacy and safety of these novel therapies for hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Gerard T Chew
- Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic, Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.
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153
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Curcumin inhibits monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression and enhances cholesterol efflux by suppressing the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway in macrophage. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:841-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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154
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Sahebkar A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of curcumin on blood lipid levels. Clin Nutr 2014; 33:406-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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155
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Lathe R, Sapronova A, Kotelevtsev Y. Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer--diseases with a common cause? Inflammation, oxysterols, vasculature. BMC Geriatr 2014; 14:36. [PMID: 24656052 PMCID: PMC3994432 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-14-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is accompanied by increasing vulnerability to pathologies such as atherosclerosis (ATH) and Alzheimer disease (AD). Are these different pathologies, or different presentations with a similar underlying pathoetiology? DISCUSSION Both ATH and AD involve inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and occlusion of the vasculature. Allelic variants in common genes including APOE predispose to both diseases. In both there is strong evidence of disease association with viral and bacterial pathogens including herpes simplex and Chlamydophila. Furthermore, ablation of components of the immune system (or of bone marrow-derived macrophages alone) in animal models restricts disease development in both cases, arguing that both are accentuated by inflammatory/immune pathways. We discuss that amyloid β, a distinguishing feature of AD, also plays a key role in ATH. Several drugs, at least in mouse models, are effective in preventing the development of both ATH and AD. Given similar age-dependence, genetic underpinnings, involvement of the vasculature, association with infection, Aβ involvement, the central role of macrophages, and drug overlap, we conclude that the two conditions reflect different manifestations of a common pathoetiology. MECHANISM Infection and inflammation selectively induce the expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H). Acutely, the production of 'immunosterol' 25-hydroxycholesterol (25OHC) defends against enveloped viruses. We present evidence that chronic macrophage CH25H upregulation leads to catalyzed esterification of sterols via 25OHC-driven allosteric activation of ACAT (acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase/SOAT), intracellular accumulation of cholesteryl esters and lipid droplets, vascular occlusion, and overt disease. SUMMARY We postulate that AD and ATH are both caused by chronic immunologic challenge that induces CH25H expression and protection against particular infectious agents, but at the expense of longer-term pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lathe
- State University of Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290 Moscow Region, Russia
- Pieta Research, PO Box 27069, Edinburgh EH10 5YW, UK
| | - Alexandra Sapronova
- State University of Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290 Moscow Region, Russia
- Optical Research Group, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biophysics of Development, Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Kotelevtsev
- State University of Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290 Moscow Region, Russia
- Biomedical Centre for Research Education and Innovation (CREI), Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo 143025, Russia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Little France, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Naksuriya O, Okonogi S, Schiffelers RM, Hennink WE. Curcumin nanoformulations: a review of pharmaceutical properties and preclinical studies and clinical data related to cancer treatment. Biomaterials 2014; 35:3365-83. [PMID: 24439402 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 579] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural yellow phenolic compound, is present in many kinds of herbs, particularly in Curcuma longa Linn. (turmeric). It is a natural antioxidant and has shown many pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-Alzheimer in both preclinical and clinical studies. Moreover, curcumin has hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, antirheumatic, and antidiabetic activities and it also suppresses thrombosis and protects against myocardial infarction. Particularly, curcumin has demonstrated efficacy as an anticancer agent, but a limiting factor is its extremely low aqueous solubility which hampers its use as therapeutic agent. Therefore, many technologies have been developed and applied to overcome this limitation. In this review, we summarize the recent works on the design and development of nano-sized delivery systems for curcumin, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles and micelles, conjugates, peptide carriers, cyclodextrins, solid dispersions, lipid nanoparticles and emulsions. Efficacy studies of curcumin nanoformulations using cancer cell lines and in vivo models as well as up-to-date human clinical trials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornchuma Naksuriya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Suthep Rd, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3805 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Suthep Rd, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3805 TB, The Netherlands.
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157
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158
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Nabavi SF, Daglia M, Moghaddam AH, Habtemariam S, Nabavi SM. Curcumin and Liver Disease: from Chemistry to Medicine. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 13:62-77. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center; Baqiyatallah Univ. of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Maria Daglia
- Dept. of Drug Sciences; Univ. of Pavia, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section; via Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Akbar Hajizadeh Moghaddam
- Amol Univ. of Special Modern Technologies; Amol Iran
- Dept. of Biology; Faculty of basic science; Univ. of Mazandaran; Babolsar Iran
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories; Medway School of Science, Univ. of Greenwich; Central Ave. Chatham-Maritime Kent ME4 4TB U.K
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center; Baqiyatallah Univ. of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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159
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Meguro S, Hasumura T, Hase T. Coffee polyphenols exert hypocholesterolemic effects in zebrafish fed a high-cholesterol diet. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2013; 10:61. [PMID: 24220226 PMCID: PMC3871761 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-10-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease. Some dietary polyphenols, such as coffee polyphenols (CPPs), reduce cholesterol levels. The mechanism of this cholesterol-lowering effect is not fully understood, although 5-CQA, a major component of CPPs, reportedly inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis. Here, we investigated the mechanism of the cholesterol-lowering effect of CPPs on the basis of cholesterol metabolism–related gene expression in the liver. We also examined the effects of CPPs on vascular lipid accumulation in zebrafish with high cholesterol diet–induced hypercholesterolemia. Methods Over 14 weeks, adult zebrafish were fed a control diet, a high-cholesterol diet, or the latter diet supplemented with CPPs. To measure the extent of vascular lipid accumulation, for 10 days larval zebrafish (which are optically transparent) were fed these same diets with the addition of a fluorescent cholesteryl ester. Results In adult zebrafish, addition of CPPs to a high-cholesterol diet significantly suppressed the increase in plasma and liver cholesterol levels seen when fish ingested the same diet lacking CPPs. Transcription levels of the liver genes hmgcra (encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase A, a rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis) and mtp (encoding microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, a lipid transfer protein required for assembly and secretion of lipoproteins) were significantly lower in fish fed the CPP-containing diet than in fish fed the unsupplemented high-cholesterol diet. In contrast, the expression level of the liver gene cyp7a1a (encoding the cytochrome P450 polypeptide 1a of subfamily A of family 7, a rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid biosynthesis) increased significantly upon consumption of the CPP-containing diet. In larval fish, accumulation of fluorescently labeled cholesterol in the caudal artery was greatly reduced on the CPP-containing diet. Conclusions CPP ingestion suppressed cholesterol accumulation in the plasma, liver, and vascular system of zebrafish. Downregulation of cholesterol and lipoprotein synthesis and upregulation of bile acid synthesis in the liver may be the fundamental underlying mechanisms by which CPPs exert their hypocholesterolemic effects. CPP intake may help prevent and manage hypercholesterolemia in humans, and further investigations along these lines using a variety of CPP dose rates are warranted.
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160
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Khurana S, Venkataraman K, Hollingsworth A, Piche M, Tai TC. Polyphenols: benefits to the cardiovascular system in health and in aging. Nutrients 2013; 5:3779-827. [PMID: 24077237 PMCID: PMC3820045 DOI: 10.3390/nu5103779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of naturally occurring dietary polyphenols in promoting cardiovascular health and emphasized the significant role these compounds play in limiting the effects of cellular aging. Polyphenols such as resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and curcumin have been acknowledged for having beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, while some have also been shown to be protective in aging. This review highlights the literature surrounding this topic on the prominently studied and documented polyphenols as pertaining to cardiovascular health and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Khurana
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +705-662-7239; Fax: +705-675-4858
| | - Krishnan Venkataraman
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +705-662-7239; Fax: +705-675-4858
| | - Amanda Hollingsworth
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +705-662-7239; Fax: +705-675-4858
| | - Matthew Piche
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +705-662-7239; Fax: +705-675-4858
| | - T. C. Tai
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +705-662-7239; Fax: +705-675-4858
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161
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Lee HI, McGregor RA, Choi MS, Seo KI, Jung UJ, Yeo J, Kim MJ, Lee MK. Low doses of curcumin protect alcohol-induced liver damage by modulation of the alcohol metabolic pathway, CYP2E1 and AMPK. Life Sci 2013; 93:693-9. [PMID: 24063989 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of low doses of curcumin against liver damage induced by chronic alcohol intake and a high-fat diet. We also examined several potential underlying mechanisms including action on alcohol metabolism, antioxidant activity, AMPK level and lipid metabolism. MAIN METHOD Alcohol (25% v/v, 5 g/kg body weight) was orally administered once a day for 6 weeks to mice fed a high-fat diet with or without two different doses of curcumin (0.02% and 0.05%, wt/wt). KEY FINDINGS Curcumin significantly decreased the plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities (p<0.05) and prevented hepatic steatosis compared with the alcohol control group. Curcumin significantly reversed the alcohol-induced inhibition of the alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and antioxidant enzyme activities as well as the activation of cytochrome P4502E1 and promotion of lipid peroxidation (p<0.05). Curcumin significantly increased the hepatic total AMPK protein level and concomitantly suppressed the fatty acid synthase and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activities compared with the alcohol control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, curcumin significantly lowered the plasma leptin, free fatty acids and triglycerides levels and hepatic lipid levels (p<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE These findings indicate that low doses of curcumin may protect against liver damage caused by chronic alcohol intake and a high-fat diet partly by modulating the alcohol metabolic enzyme activity, the antioxidant activity and the lipid metabolism. Therefore, curcumin may provide a promising natural therapeutic strategy against liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-In Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Republic of Korea
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Massot-Cladera M, Franch À, Castellote C, Castell M, Pérez-Cano FJ. Cocoa flavonoid-enriched diet modulates systemic and intestinal immunoglobulin synthesis in adult Lewis rats. Nutrients 2013; 5:3272-86. [PMID: 23966108 PMCID: PMC3775253 DOI: 10.3390/nu5083272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that a diet containing 10% cocoa, a rich source of flavonoids, has immunomodulatory effects on rats and, among others effects, is able to attenuate the immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis in both systemic and intestinal compartments. The purpose of the present study was focused on investigating whether these effects were attributed exclusively to the flavonoid content or to other compounds present in cocoa. To this end, eight-week-old Lewis rats were fed, for two weeks, either a standard diet or three isoenergetic diets containing increasing proportions of cocoa flavonoids from different sources: one with 0.2% polyphenols from conventional defatted cocoa, and two others with 0.4% and 0.8% polyphenols, respectively, from non-fermented cocoa. Diet intake and body weight were monitored and fecal samples were obtained throughout the study to determine fecal pH, IgA, bacteria proportions, and IgA-coated bacteria. Moreover, IgG and IgM concentrations in serum samples collected during the study were quantified. At the end of the dietary intervention no clear changes of serum IgG or IgM concentrations were quantified, showing few effects of cocoa polyphenol diets at the systemic level. However, in the intestine, all cocoa polyphenol-enriched diets attenuated the age-related increase of both fecal IgA and IgA-coated bacteria, as well as the proportion of bacteria in feces. As these effects were not dependent on the dose of polyphenol present in the diets, other compounds and/or the precise polyphenol composition present in cocoa raw material used for the diets could be key factors in this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Francisco J. Pérez-Cano
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-93-402-45-05; Fax: +34-93-403-59-01
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163
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Sahebkar A. Are Curcuminoids Effective C-Reactive Protein-Lowering Agents in Clinical Practice? Evidence from a Meta-Analysis. Phytother Res 2013; 28:633-42. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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Lee WH, Loo CY, Bebawy M, Luk F, Mason RS, Rohanizadeh R. Curcumin and its derivatives: their application in neuropharmacology and neuroscience in the 21st century. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 11:338-78. [PMID: 24381528 PMCID: PMC3744901 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11311040002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a polyphenol extracted from the plant Curcuma longa, is widely used in Southeast Asia, China and India in food preparation and for medicinal purposes. Since the second half of the last century, this traditional medicine has attracted the attention of scientists from multiple disciplines to elucidate its pharmacological properties. Of significant interest is curcumin's role to treat neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) and malignancy. These diseases all share an inflammatory basis, involving increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and oxidative damage to lipids, nucleic acids and proteins. The therapeutic benefits of curcumin for these neurodegenerative diseases appear multifactorial via regulation of transcription factors, cytokines and enzymes associated with (Nuclear factor kappa beta) NFκB activity. This review describes the historical use of curcumin in medicine, its chemistry, stability and biological activities, including curcumin's anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The review further discusses the pharmacology of curcumin and provides new perspectives on its therapeutic potential and limitations. Especially, the review focuses in detail on the effectiveness of curcumin and its mechanism of actions in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Hin Lee
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ching-Yee Loo
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney PO Box 123 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Frederick Luk
- School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney PO Box 123 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Rebecca S Mason
- Physiology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ramin Rohanizadeh
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Boehmeria nivea Stimulates Glucose Uptake by Activating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma in C2C12 Cells and Improves Glucose Intolerance in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:867893. [PMID: 23690860 PMCID: PMC3638624 DOI: 10.1155/2013/867893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined the antidiabetic property of Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud. Ethanolic extract of Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud. (EBN) increased the uptake of 2-[N-(nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose in C2C12 myotubes. To examine the mechanisms underlying EBN-mediated increase in glucose uptake, we examined the transcriptional activity and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), a pivotal target for glucose metabolism in C2C12 myotubes. We found that the EBN increased both the transcriptional activity and mRNA expression levels of PPAR-γ. In addition, we measured phosphorylation and expression levels of other targets of glucose metabolism, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB). We found that EBN did not alter the phosphorylation or expression levels of these proteins in a time- or dose-dependent manner, which suggested that EBN stimulates glucose uptake through a PPAR-γ-dependent mechanism. Further, we investigated the antidiabetic property of EBN using mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Administration of 0.5% EBN reduced the HFD-induced increase in body weight, total cholesterol level, and fatty liver and improved the impaired fasting glucose level, blood insulin content, and glucose intolerance. These results suggest that EBN had an antidiabetic effect in cell culture and animal systems and may be useful for preventing diabetes.
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McGregor RA, Kwon EY, Shin SK, Jung UJ, Kim E, Park JHY, Yu R, Yun JW, Choi MS. Time-course microarrays reveal modulation of developmental, lipid metabolism and immune gene networks in intrascapular brown adipose tissue during the development of diet-induced obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 37:1524-31. [PMID: 23628853 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish the time-course of molecular events in intrascapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) during the development of diet-induced obesity using microarrays and molecular network analysis. DESIGN C57BL/6J male inbred mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal diet (ND) and killed at multiple time-points over 24 weeks. METHODS Global transcriptional changes in iBAT were determined by time-course microarrays of pooled RNA (n=6, pools per time-point) at 2, 4, 8, 20 and 24 weeks using Illumina MouseWG-6 v2.0 Beadchips. Molecular networks were constructed using the Ingenuity knowledgebase based on differentially expressed genes at each time-point. RESULTS Body weight and subcutaneous adipose were progressively increased over 24 weeks, whereas iBAT was significantly increased between 6 and 12 weeks in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice compared with controls. Blood glucose and insulin levels were increased between 16 and 24 weeks. Time-course microarrays, revealed 155 differentially expressed genes at one or more time-points over 24 weeks in the iBAT of HFD-fed mice compared with controls. Time-course network analysis revealed a network of skeletal muscle development genes that was activated between 2 and 4 weeks, subsequently a network of immune trafficking genes was activated at 8 weeks. After 20 and 24 weeks, multiple lipid metabolism and immune response networks were activated. Several target genes identified by time-course microarrays were independently validated using RT-qPCR. Tnnc1 was upregulated early between 2 and 4 weeks, later Cd68 and Col1a1 were upregulated between 20 and 24 weeks, whereas 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Hsd11b1) was consistently downregulated during the development of diet-induced obesity. CONCLUSION Molecular networks in iBAT are modulated in a time-dependent manner in response to a HFD. A broad range of gene targets exists to alter molecular changes within iBAT during the development of diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A McGregor
- 1] Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea [2] Institute for Innovation in Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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167
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Sahebkar A. Why it is necessary to translate curcumin into clinical practice for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome? Biofactors 2013; 39:197-208. [PMID: 23239418 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the yellow-orange pigment of dried Curcuma longa L. rhizomes (turmeric). During the past two decades, there has been a large volume of published studies describing the biological and pharmacological properties of this phytochemical including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antithrombotic, antiatherosclerotic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, memory enhancing, antiparkinsonism, antirheumatic, anti-infectious, antiaging, antipsoriatic, and anticonvulsant activities. In addition, curcumin has been shown to be extremely safe and interact with multiple molecular targets that are involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Curcumin could favorably affect all leading components of metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased HDL-C and hypertension, and prevent the deleterious complications of MetS including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, curcumin can also exert several pleiotropic effects and improve endothelial dysfunction, adipokine imbalances, and hyperuricemia which usually accompany MetS. Despite the potential tremendous benefit of this multifaceted phytopharmaceutical, no trial result has yet been publicized on this issue. This review seeks to briefly summarize the ample scientific evidence that supports the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin, at least as an adjunctive treatment, in patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran.
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168
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Wei J, Ching LC, Zhao JF, Shyue SK, Lee HF, Kou YR, Lee TS. Essential role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 in evodiamine-mediated protection against atherosclerosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 207:299-307. [PMID: 23025809 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigated whether transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) was involved in the therapeutic effect of evodiamine, a main bioactive component in the fruit of Evodiae rutaecarpa, on the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice and ApoE(-/-)TRPV1(-/-) mice. METHODS Histopathology was examined by haematoxylin and eosin staining, levels of cytokines and mediators were evaluated by ELISA kits, and protein expression was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Chronic administration with evodiamine (10 mg kg(-1) body weight) reduced the size of atherosclerotic lesions and alleviated the hyperlipidaemia and systemic inflammation, as well as hepatic macrovesicular steatosis, in ApoE(-/-) mice. Treating ApoE(-/-) mice with evodiamine enhanced hepatic cholesterol clearance, as revealed by upregulation of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCG5, ABCG8 and cholesterol 7α-hydrolase. Genetic deletion of TRPV1 in ApoE(-/-) mice promoted the progression of atherosclerosis; elevated the serum levels of cholesterol, cytokines and chemokines; and exacerbated hepatic macrovesicular steatosis. Moreover, genetic deletion of TRPV1 abrogated the evodiamine-evoked atheroprotection but not anti-obesity effect in ApoE(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION Evodiamine may confer novel TRPV1-dependent atheroprotection and TRPV1-independent anti-obesity action.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Wei
- Heart Center; Cheng-Hsin General Hospital; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - L.-C. Ching
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - J.-F. Zhao
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - S.-K. Shyue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei; Taiwan
| | | | - Y. R. Kou
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei; Taiwan
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169
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Zingg JM, Hasan ST, Meydani M. Molecular mechanisms of hypolipidemic effects of curcumin. Biofactors 2013; 39:101-21. [PMID: 23339042 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests potential benefits from phytochemicals and micronutrients in reducing the elevated oxidative and lipid-mediated stress associated with inflammation, obesity, and atherosclerosis. These compounds may either directly scavenge reactive oxygen or nitrogen species or they may modulate the activity of signal transduction enzymes leading to changes in the expression of antioxidant genes. Alternatively, they may reduce plasma lipid levels by modulating lipid metabolic genes in tissues and thus reduce indirectly lipid-mediated oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress through their hypolipidemic effect. Here we review the proposed molecular mechanisms by which curcumin, a polyphenol present in the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa) spice, influences oxidative and lipid-mediated stress in the vascular system. At the molecular level, mounting experimental evidence suggests that curcumin may act chemically as scavenger of free radicals and/or influences signal transduction (e.g., Akt, AMPK) and modulates the activity of specific transcription factors (e.g., FOXO1/3a, NRF2, SREBP1/2, CREB, CREBH, PPARγ, and LXRα) that regulate the expression of genes involved in free radicals scavenging (e.g., catalase, MnSOD, and heme oxygenase-1) and lipid homeostasis (e.g., aP2/FABP4, CD36, HMG-CoA reductase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-1)). At the cellular level, curcumin may induce a mild oxidative and lipid-metabolic stress leading to an adaptive cellular stress response by hormetic stimulation of these cellular antioxidant defense systems and lipid metabolic enzymes. The resulting lower oxidative and lipid-mediated stress may not only explain the beneficial effects of curcumin on inflammation, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disease, but may also contribute to the increase in maximum life-span observed in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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170
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Vermorken A, Zhu J, Van de Ven W, Andrès E. Curcumin for monoclonal gammopathies. What can we hope for, what should we fear? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 84:350-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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171
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Panahi Y, Sahebkar A, Parvin S, Saadat A. A randomized controlled trial on the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in patients with chronic sulphur mustard-induced cutaneous complications. Ann Clin Biochem 2012; 49:580-8. [DOI: 10.1258/acb.2012.012040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic cutaneous complications such as pruritus are among the very frequent complaints of sulphur mustard (SM)-exposed patients. The present trial investigated the impact of curcumin on serum inflammatory biomarkers and their association with pruritus severity and quality of life (QoL). Methods This was a randomized, double-blind trial among 96 male Iranian veterans (age 37–59 y) who were suffering from chronic SM-induced pruritic skin lesions. Patients were randomly assigned to curcumin (1 g/d, n = 46) or placebo ( n = 50) for four weeks. Serum concentrations of interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 8 (IL-8) together with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were measured at baseline and at the end of the trial. Assessment of pruritus severity was performed using the pruritus score and QoL using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Results Serum IL-8 and hs-CRP were significantly reduced in both groups but the magnitude of reduction was greater in the curcumin group ( P < 0.001). Serum CGRP was only decreased in the curcumin group ( P < 0.001). No significant change was observed in serum IL-6. There were significant correlations between CGRP and IL-6 changes ( P = 0.011) and between DLQI and IL-8 changes ( P = 0.026) in the curcumin group. In the curcumin group, changes in serum IL-8 concentrations were found as the significant predictor of DLQI scores ( P = 0.026) but none of the independent variables could predict pruritus scores. Conclusions Curcumin supplementation effectively mitigates inflammation in patients suffering from chronic SM-induced cutaneous complications. This anti-inflammatory effect might account for the observed pruritus alleviation and QoL improvement by this phytochemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19945-581
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91775-1365
| | - Shahram Parvin
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19945-581
| | - Alireza Saadat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19945-581, Iran
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Vermorken AJM, Zhu J, Van de Ven WJM, Andrès E. Comment on: Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering multiple myeloma, and curcumin: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover 4g study and an open-label 8g extension study. Am J Hematol 2012; 87:E80. [PMID: 22718517 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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173
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Herbal products: benefits, limits, and applications in chronic liver disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:837939. [PMID: 22991573 PMCID: PMC3443820 DOI: 10.1155/2012/837939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicine soughts and encompasses a wide range of approaches; its use begun in ancient China at the time of Xia dynasty and in India during the Vedic period, but thanks to its long-lasting curative effect, easy availability, natural way of healing, and poor side-effects it is gaining importance throughout the world in clinical practice. We conducted a review describing the effects and the limits of using herbal products in chronic liver disease, focusing our attention on those most known, such as quercetin or curcumin. We tried to describe their pharmacokinetics, biological properties, and their beneficial effects (as antioxidant role) in metabolic, alcoholic, and viral hepatitis (considering that oxidative stress is the common pathway of chronic liver diseases of different etiology). The main limit of applicability of CAM comes from the lacking of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials giving a real proof of efficacy of those products, so that anecdotal success and personal experience are frequently the driving force for acceptance of CAM in the population.
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Na LX, Li Y, Pan HZ, Zhou XL, Sun DJ, Meng M, Li XX, Sun CH. Curcuminoids exert glucose-lowering effect in type 2 diabetes by decreasing serum free fatty acids: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 57:1569-77. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Na
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Public Health College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Public Health College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Hong-Zhi Pan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Public Health College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Xian-Li Zhou
- Department of Type B Transonic Diagnosis; 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Dian-Jun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Man Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Public Health College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xia Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Public Health College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Chang-Hao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Public Health College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
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Coban D, Milenkovic D, Chanet A, Khallou-Laschet J, Sabbe L, Palagani A, Vanden Berghe W, Mazur A, Morand C. Dietary curcumin inhibits atherosclerosis by affecting the expression of genes involved in leukocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1270-81. [PMID: 22753158 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of the study was to examine the atheroprotective effect of dietary curcumin in a mouse model of atherosclerosis and to identify its cellular and molecular targets at the vascular level. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE(-/-) mice were fed with curcumin at 0.2% (wt/wt) in diet for 4 months. This supplementation reduced the extent of atherosclerotic lesion by 26% and induced changes in expression of genes implicated in cell adhesion and transendothelial migration or cytoskeleton organization, as revealed by a transcriptomic analysis in the aorta. Expression profile of these genes suggests reduction in both leukocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration. In agreement with this hypothesis, we observed a reduction (-37%) in macrophage infiltration in the plaque, as measured by immunohistochemistry, and, in vitro, a lower adhesion of monocytes to TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells (-32%) after exposure to a nutritionally achievable concentration of curcumin. These changes in gene expression could be related to the observed increased expression of IκB protein and decrease of TNF-α-induced NF-κB/DNA binding and NF-κB-transcriptional activity upon exposure to curcumin. CONCLUSION Our findings pointed out that the antiatherogenic effect of curcumin could be linked to its effect on gene networks and cell functions related to leukocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration via NF-κB-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Coban
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Do GM, Jung UJ, Park HJ, Kwon EY, Jeon SM, McGregor RA, Choi MS. Resveratrol ameliorates diabetes-related metabolic changes via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and its downstream targets in db/db mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1282-91. [PMID: 22715031 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE This study investigated the effects of resveratrol (RV) on diabetes-related metabolic changes in a spontaneous model of type 2 diabetes, as well as activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and downstream targets. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were fed a normal diet with RV (0.005% and 0.02%, w/w) or rosiglitazone (RG, 0.001%, w/w) for 6 weeks. Both doses of RV significantly decreased blood glucose, plasma free fatty acid, triglyceride, apo B/apo AІ levels and increased plasma adiponectin levels. RV activated AMPK and downstream targets leading to decreased blood HbA1c levels, hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme activity, and hepatic glycogen, while plasma insulin levels, pancreatic insulin protein, and skeletal muscle GLUT4 protein were higher after RV supplementation. The high RV dose also significantly increased hepatic glycolytic gene expression and enzyme activity, along with skeletal muscle glycogen synthase protein expression, similar to RG. Furthermore, RV dose dependently decreased hepatic triglyceride content and phosphorylated I kappa B kinase (p-IKK) protein expression, while hepatic uncoupling protein (UCP) and skeletal muscle UCP expression were increased. CONCLUSION RV potentiates improving glycemic control, glucose uptake, and dyslipidemia, as well as protecting against pancreatic β-cell failure in a spontaneous type 2 diabetes model. Dietary RV has potential as an antidiabetic agent via activation of AMPK and its downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-Min Do
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Zhao JF, Ching LC, Huang YC, Chen CY, Chiang AN, Kou YR, Shyue SK, Lee TS. Molecular mechanism of curcumin on the suppression of cholesterol accumulation in macrophage foam cells and atherosclerosis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:691-701. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Feng Zhao
- Department of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - Li-Chieh Ching
- Department of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chu Huang
- Department of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Department of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - An-Na Chiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - Yu Ru Kou
- Department of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - Song-Kun Shyue
- Cardiovascular Division; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei; Taiwan
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Lecerf JM. Effets métaboliques du Curcumin (obésité, lipides circulants, insulinorésistance, diabète et athérosclérose). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10298-012-0694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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