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Dunn A, Talovic M, Patel K, Patel A, Marcinczyk M, Garg K. Biomaterial and stem cell-based strategies for skeletal muscle regeneration. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1246-1262. [PMID: 30604468 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle can regenerate effectively after mild physical or chemical insult. Muscle trauma or disease can overwhelm this innate capacity for regeneration and result in heightened inflammation and fibrotic tissue deposition resulting in loss of structure and function. Recent studies have focused on biomaterial and stem cell-based therapies to promote skeletal muscle regeneration following injury and disease. Many stem cell populations besides satellite cells are implicated in muscle regeneration. These stem cells include but are not limited to mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, pericytes, fibroadipogenic progenitors, side population cells, and CD133+ stem cells. However, several challenges associated with their isolation, availability, delivery, survival, engraftment, and differentiation have been reported in recent studies. While acellular scaffolds offer a relatively safe and potentially off-the-shelf solution to cell-based therapies, they are often unable to stimulate host cell migration and activity to a level that would result in clinically meaningful regeneration of traumatized muscle. Combining stem cells and biomaterials may offer a viable therapeutic strategy that may overcome the limitations associated with these therapies when they are used in isolation. In this article, we review the stem cell populations that can stimulate muscle regeneration in vitro and in vivo. We also discuss the regenerative potential of combination therapies that utilize both stem cell and biomaterials for the treatment of skeletal muscle injury and disease. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1246-1262, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Muhamed Talovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Krishna Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Anjali Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Madison Marcinczyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Koyal Garg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
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152
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Bechshøft CJL, Schjerling P, Kjaer M, Mackey AL. The influence of direct and indirect fibroblast cell contact on human myogenic cell behavior and gene expression in vitro. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:342-355. [PMID: 31120810 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00215.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Underpinning skeletal muscle plasticity is the interplay between many cell types, of which fibroblasts are emerging as potent players, both negatively in the development of fibrosis but also positively in stimulating muscle repair through enhancing myogenesis. The mechanisms behind this interaction however remain unknown. To investigate this, waste hamstring muscle tissue was obtained from eight healthy young men undergoing reconstructive anterior cruciate ligament surgery and primary myoblasts and fibroblasts were isolated. Myoblasts were cultured alone or with fibroblasts, either in direct or indirect contact (separated by an insert with a permeable membrane). The myogenesis parameters proliferation, differentiation, and fusion were determined from immunostained cells, while, in replicate samples, gene expression levels of GAPDH, Ki67, Pax7, MyoD, myogenin, myomaker, MHC-Iβ, TCF7L2, COL1A1, and p16 were determined by RT-PCR. We found only trends for an influence of skeletal muscle fibroblasts on myogenic cell proliferation and differentiation. While greater mRNA levels of GAPDH, Pax7, MyoD, myogenin, and MHC-Iβ were observed in myogenic cells in indirect contact with fibroblasts (insert) when compared with cells cultured alone, a similar effect of an empty insert was also observed. In conclusion we find very little influence of skeletal muscle fibroblasts on myoblasts derived from the same tissue, although it cannot be excluded that a different outcome would be seen under less optimal myogenic growth conditions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using passage one primary myoblasts and fibroblasts isolated from human skeletal muscle, we found only a trend for an effect of skeletal muscle fibroblasts on myogenic cell proliferation and differentiation. This is contrary to previous reports and raises the possibility that fibroblasts of different tissue origins exert distinct roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie J L Bechshøft
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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153
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Liu X, Zeng Z, Zhao L, Chen P, Xiao W. Impaired Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Induced by Macrophage Depletion Could Be Partly Ameliorated by MGF Injection. Front Physiol 2019; 10:601. [PMID: 31164836 PMCID: PMC6534059 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injury is one of the most common injuries in sports medicine. Our previous study found that macrophage depletion impairs muscle regeneration and that mechano growth factor (MGF) may play an important role in this process. However, whether injection of MGF protects against impaired muscle regeneration after macrophage depletion has not been explored. Therefore, we generated a muscle contusion and macrophage depletion mouse model and injected MGF into the damaged muscle. Comprehensive morphological and genetic analyses were performed on the injured skeletal muscle after macrophage depletion and MGF injection. The results showed that injection of MGF did not exert a protective effect on muscle fiber regeneration; however, it did decrease fibrosis in the contused skeletal muscle after macrophage depletion. Moreover, MGF injection decreased the expression of muscle inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TGF-β), chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, and CXCR4), oxidative stress factors (gp91phox) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-10, and MMP-14). These results suggest that the impairment of skeletal muscle regeneration induced by macrophage depletion could be partly ameliorated by MGF injection and that inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress factors, chemokines, and MMP may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Zeng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,College of Physical Education, Jinggangshan University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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154
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Theret M, Mounier R, Rossi F. The origins and non-canonical functions of macrophages in development and regeneration. Development 2019; 146:146/9/dev156000. [PMID: 31048317 DOI: 10.1242/dev.156000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of new non-canonical (i.e. non-innate immune) functions of macrophages has been a recurring theme over the past 20 years. Indeed, it has emerged that macrophages can influence the development, homeostasis, maintenance and regeneration of many tissues and organs, including skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, the brain and the liver, in part by acting directly on tissue-resident stem cells. In addition, macrophages play crucial roles in diseases such as obesity-associated diabetes or cancers. Increased knowledge of their regulatory roles within each tissue will therefore help us to better understand the full extent of their functions and could highlight new mechanisms modulating disease pathogenesis. In this Review, we discuss recent studies that have elucidated the developmental origins of various macrophage populations and summarize our knowledge of the non-canonical functions of macrophages in development, regeneration and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Theret
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Remi Mounier
- Institut Neuromyogène, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Fabio Rossi
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada .,Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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155
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De Santa F, Vitiello L, Torcinaro A, Ferraro E. The Role of Metabolic Remodeling in Macrophage Polarization and Its Effect on Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1553-1598. [PMID: 30070144 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Macrophages are crucial for tissue homeostasis. Based on their activation, they might display classical/M1 or alternative/M2 phenotypes. M1 macrophages produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO). M2 macrophages upregulate arginase-1 and reduce NO and ROS levels; they also release anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and polyamines, thus promoting angiogenesis and tissue healing. Moreover, M1 and M2 display key metabolic differences; M1 polarization is characterized by an enhancement in glycolysis and in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) along with a decreased oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), whereas M2 are characterized by an efficient OxPhos and reduced PPP. Recent Advances: The glutamine-related metabolism has been discovered as crucial for M2 polarization. Vice versa, flux discontinuities in the Krebs cycle are considered additional M1 features; they lead to increased levels of immunoresponsive gene 1 and itaconic acid, to isocitrate dehydrogenase 1-downregulation and to succinate, citrate, and isocitrate over-expression. Critical Issues: A macrophage classification problem, particularly in vivo, originating from a gap in the knowledge of the several intermediate polarization statuses between the M1 and M2 extremes, characterizes this field. Moreover, the detailed features of metabolic reprogramming crucial for macrophage polarization are largely unknown; in particular, the role of β-oxidation is highly controversial. Future Directions: Manipulating the metabolism to redirect macrophage polarization might be useful in various pathologies, including an efficient skeletal muscle regeneration. Unraveling the complexity pertaining to metabolic signatures that are specific for the different macrophage subsets is crucial for identifying new compounds that are able to trigger macrophage polarization and that might be used for therapeutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Santa
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Vitiello
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Cachexia and Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Torcinaro
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferraro
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Cachexia and Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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156
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Rogers RG, Fournier M, Sanchez L, Ibrahim AG, Aminzadeh MA, Lewis MI, Marbán E. Disease-modifying bioactivity of intravenous cardiosphere-derived cells and exosomes in mdx mice. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125754. [PMID: 30944252 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin deficiency leads to progressive muscle degeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. No known cure exists, and standard care relies on the use of antiinflammatory steroids, which are associated with side effects that complicate long-term use. Here, we report that a single intravenous dose of clinical-stage cardiac stromal cells, called cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), improves the dystrophic phenotype in mdx mice. CDCs augment cardiac and skeletal muscle function, partially reverse established heart damage, and boost the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle. We further demonstrate that CDCs work by secreting exosomes, which normalize gene expression at the transcriptome level, and alter cell signaling and biological processes in mdx hearts and skeletal muscle. The work reported here motivated the ongoing HOPE-2 clinical trial of systemic CDC delivery to DMD patients, and identifies exosomes as next-generation cell-free therapeutic candidates for DMD.
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157
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The effect of resistance exercise upon age-related systemic and local skeletal muscle inflammation. Exp Gerontol 2019; 121:19-32. [PMID: 30905721 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Chronic inflammation increases with age and is correlated positively to visceral fat mass, but inversely to muscle mass. We investigated the hypothesis that resistance training would increase muscle mass and strength together with a concomitant drop in local and systemic inflammation level independent of any changes in visceral fat tissue in elderly. METHODS 25 subjects (mean 67, range 62-70 years) were randomized to 1 year of heavy resistance training (HRT) or control (CON), and tested at 0, 4 and 12 months for physical performance, body composition (DXA), vastus lateralis muscle area (MRI) local and systemic inflammation (blood and muscle). In addition, systemic and local muscle immunological responses to acute exercise was determined before and after the training period. RESULTS Increases in muscle mass (≈2%, p < 0.05), vastus lateralis area (≈9%. P < 0.05), isometric (≈15%) and dynamic (≈15%) muscle strength (p < 0.05) were found in the HRT group after 12 months training. HRT did not alter overall or visceral fat mass (p > 0.05). Blood C-Reactive Protein declined over time in both groups (p < 0.05), whereas muscle inflammation markers were unchanged to 1 year of HRT. Acute exercise increased plasma IL-6 and FGF-19 (p < 0.05), decreased FGF-21 (p < 0.05) and CCL-20 (p < 0.05), and increased GDNF in muscle (p < 0.001) similarly before and after 1 year in both groups. CONCLUSION Long term resistance training increased muscle strength and improved muscle mass, but did not alter visceral fat mass and did not show any specific effect upon resting or exercise induced markers of inflammation.
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158
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Sugimoto MA, Vago JP, Perretti M, Teixeira MM. Mediators of the Resolution of the Inflammatory Response. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:212-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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159
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160
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Wang YX, Feige P, Brun CE, Hekmatnejad B, Dumont NA, Renaud JM, Faulkes S, Guindon DE, Rudnicki MA. EGFR-Aurka Signaling Rescues Polarity and Regeneration Defects in Dystrophin-Deficient Muscle Stem Cells by Increasing Asymmetric Divisions. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:419-432.e6. [PMID: 30713094 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Loss of dystrophin expression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) causes progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle, which is exacerbated by reduced self-renewing asymmetric divisions of muscle satellite cells. This, in turn, affects the production of myogenic precursors and impairs regeneration and suggests that increasing such divisions may be beneficial. Here, through a small-molecule screen, we identified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Aurora kinase A (Aurka) as regulators of asymmetric satellite cell divisions. Inhibiting EGFR causes a substantial shift from asymmetric to symmetric division modes, whereas EGF treatment increases asymmetric divisions. EGFR activation acts through Aurka to orient mitotic centrosomes, and inhibiting Aurka blocks EGF stimulation-induced asymmetric division. In vivo EGF treatment markedly activates asymmetric divisions of dystrophin-deficient satellite cells in mdx mice, increasing progenitor numbers, enhancing regeneration, and restoring muscle strength. Therefore, activating an EGFR-dependent polarity pathway promotes functional rescue of dystrophin-deficient satellite cells and enhances muscle force generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xin Wang
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Feige
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Caroline E Brun
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bahareh Hekmatnejad
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolas A Dumont
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Renaud
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sharlene Faulkes
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel E Guindon
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Rudnicki
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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161
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Walton RG, Kosmac K, Mula J, Fry CS, Peck BD, Groshong JS, Finlin BS, Zhu B, Kern PA, Peterson CA. Human skeletal muscle macrophages increase following cycle training and are associated with adaptations that may facilitate growth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:969. [PMID: 30700754 PMCID: PMC6353900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle macrophages participate in repair and regeneration following injury. However, their role in physiological adaptations to exercise is unexplored. We determined whether endurance exercise training (EET) alters macrophage content and characteristics in response to resistance exercise (RE), and whether macrophages are associated with other exercise adaptations. Subjects provided vastus lateralis biopsies before and after one bout of RE, after 12 weeks of EET (cycling), and after a final bout of RE. M2 macrophages (CD11b+/CD206+) did not increase with RE, but increased in response to EET (P < 0.01). Increases in M2 macrophages were positively correlated with fiber hypertrophy (r = 0.49) and satellite cells (r = 0.47). M2c macrophages (CD206+/CD163+) also increased following EET (P < 0.001), and were associated with fiber hypertrophy (r = 0.64). Gene expression was quantified using NanoString. Following EET, the change in M2 macrophages was positively associated with changes in HGF, IGF1, and extracellular matrix genes. EET decreased expression of IL6 (P < 0.05), C/EBPβ (P < 0.01), and MuRF (P < 0.05), and increased expression of IL-4 (P < 0.01), TNFα (P < 0.01) and the TWEAK receptor FN14 (P < 0.05). The change in FN14 gene expression was inversely associated with changes in C/EBPβ (r = -0.58) and MuRF (r = -0.46) following EET. In cultured human myotubes, siRNA inhibition of FN14 increased expression of C/EBPβ (P < 0.05) and MuRF (P < 0.05). Our data suggest that macrophages contribute to the muscle response to EET, potentially including modulation of TWEAK-FN14 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Grace Walton
- College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
| | - Kate Kosmac
- College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jyothi Mula
- College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Deptartment of Nutrition & Metabolism, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Bailey D Peck
- College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jason S Groshong
- Department of Health Professions, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Brian S Finlin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Beibei Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Philip A Kern
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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162
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Song T, Manoharan P, Millay DP, Koch SE, Rubinstein J, Heiny JA, Sadayappan S. Dilated cardiomyopathy-mediated heart failure induces a unique skeletal muscle myopathy with inflammation. Skelet Muscle 2019; 9:4. [PMID: 30678732 PMCID: PMC6345027 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-019-0189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle myopathy and exercise intolerance are diagnostic hallmarks of heart failure (HF). However, the molecular adaptations of skeletal muscles during dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-mediated HF are not completely understood. Methods Skeletal muscle structure and function were compared in wild-type (WT) and cardiac myosin binding protein-C null mice (t/t), which develop DCM-induced HF. Cardiac function was examined by echocardiography. Exercise tolerance was measured using a graded maximum treadmill running test. Hindlimb muscle function was assessed in vivo from measurements of plantar flexor strength. Inflammatory status was evaluated from the expression of inflammatory markers and the presence of specific immune cell types in gastrocnemius muscles. Muscle regenerative capacityat days 3, 7, and 14 after eccentric contraction-induced injury was determined from the number of phenotypically new and adult fibers in the gastrocnemius, and functional recovery of plantar flexion torque. Results t/t mice developed DCM-induced HF in association with profound exercise intolerance, consistent with previous reports. Compared to WT, t/t mouse hearts show significant hypertrophy of the atria and ventricles and reduced fractional shortening, both systolic and diastolic. In parallel, the skeletal muscles of t/t mice exhibit weakness and myopathy. Compared to WT, plantar flexor muscles of t/t null mice produce less peak isometric plantar torque (Po), develop torque more slowly (+ dF/dt), and relax more slowly (− dF/dt, longer half-relaxation times,1/2RT). Gastrocnemius muscles of t/t mice have a greater number of fibers with smaller diameters and central nuclei. Oxidative fibers, both type I and type IIa, show significantly smaller cross-sectional areas and more central nuclei. These fiber phenotypes suggest ongoing repair and regeneration under homeostatic conditions. In addition, the ability of muscles to recover and regenerate after acute injury is impaired in t/t mice. Conclusions Our studies concluded that DCM-induced HF induces a unique skeletal myopathy characterized by decreased muscle strength, atrophy of oxidative fiber types, ongoing inflammation and damage under homeostasis, and impaired regeneration after acute muscle injury. Furthermore, this unique myopathy in DCM-induced HF likely contributes to and exacerbates exercise intolerance. Therefore, efforts to develop therapeutic interventions to treat skeletal myopathy during DCM-induced HF should be considered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13395-019-0189-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejeong Song
- Heart Lung Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Palanikumar Manoharan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Douglas P Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Sheryl E Koch
- Heart Lung Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Heart Lung Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Judith A Heiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Heart Lung Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA.
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163
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Kim K, Kuang S, Song Q, Gavin TP, Roseguini BT. Impact of heat therapy on recovery after eccentric exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:965-976. [PMID: 30605396 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00910.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of heat therapy (HT) on functional recovery, the skeletal muscle expression of angiogenic factors, macrophage content, and capillarization after eccentric exercise in humans. Eleven untrained individuals (23.8 ± 0.6 yr) performed 300 bilateral maximal eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. One randomly selected thigh was treated with five daily 90-min sessions of HT, whereas the opposite thigh received a thermoneutral intervention. Peak isokinetic torque of the knee extensors was assessed at baseline and daily for 4 days and fatigue resistance was assessed at baseline and 1 and 4 days after the eccentric exercise session. Muscle biopsies were obtained 2 wk before and 1 and 5 days after the eccentric exercise bout. There were no differences between thighs in the overall recovery profile of peak torque. However, the thigh exposed to HT had greater fatigue resistance than the thigh exposed to the thermoneutral intervention. The change from baseline in mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was higher at day 1 in the thigh exposed to HT. Protein levels of VEGF and angiopoietin 1 were also significantly higher in the thigh treated with HT. The number of capillaries around type II fibers decreased similarly in both thighs at day 5. Exposure to HT had no impact on macrophage content. These results suggest that HT accelerates the recovery of fatigue resistance after eccentric exercise and promotes the expression of angiogenic factors in human skeletal muscle. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated whether exposure to local heat therapy (HT) accelerates recovery after a bout of eccentric exercise in humans. Compared with a thermoneutral control intervention, HT improved fatigue resistance of the knee extensors and enhanced the expression of the angiogenic mediators vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin 1. These results suggest that HT hastens functional recovery and enhances the expression of regulatory factors involved in muscle repair after eccentric exercise in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungrae Kim
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Qifan Song
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Bruno T Roseguini
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana
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164
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O'Sullivan TF, Smith AC, Watson EL. Satellite cell function, intramuscular inflammation and exercise in chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J 2018; 11:810-821. [PMID: 30524716 PMCID: PMC6275451 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfy052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting is a common feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is clinically relevant due to associations with quality of life, physical functioning, mortality and a number of comorbidities. Satellite cells (SCs) are a population of skeletal muscle progenitor cells responsible for accrual and maintenance of muscle mass by providing new nuclei to myofibres. Recent evidence from animal models and human studies indicates CKD may negatively affect SC abundance and function in response to stimuli such as exercise and damage. The aim of this review is to collate recent literature on the effect of CKD on SCs, with a particular focus on the myogenic response to exercise in this population. Exercise is widely recognized as important for the maintenance of healthy skeletal muscle mass and is increasingly advocated in the care of a number of chronic conditions. Therefore a greater understanding of the impact of uraemia upon SCs and the possible altered myogenic response in CKD is required to inform strategies to prevent uraemic cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom F O'Sullivan
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alice C Smith
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- John Walls Renal Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Emma L Watson
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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165
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Haas GJ, Dunn AJ, Marcinczyk M, Talovic M, Schwartz M, Scheidt R, Patel AD, Hixon KR, Elmashhady H, McBride-Gagyi SH, Sell SA, Garg K. Biomimetic sponges for regeneration of skeletal muscle following trauma. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:92-103. [PMID: 30394640 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is inept in regenerating after traumatic injuries due to significant loss of basal lamina and the resident satellite cells. To improve regeneration of skeletal muscle, we have developed biomimetic sponges composed of collagen, gelatin, and laminin (LM)-111 that were crosslinked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). Collagen and LM-111 are crucial components of the muscle extracellular matrix and were chosen to impart bioactivity whereas gelatin and EDC were used to provide mechanical strength to the scaffold. Morphological and mechanical evaluation of the sponges showed porous structure, water-retention capacity and a compressive modulus of 590-808 kPa. The biomimetic sponges supported the infiltration and viability of C2 C12 myoblasts over 5 days of culture. The myoblasts produced higher levels of myokines such as VEGF, IL-6, and IGF-1 and showed higher expression of myogenic markers such as MyoD and myogenin on the biomimetic sponges. Biomimetic sponges implanted in a mouse model of volumetric muscle loss (VML) supported satellite, endothelial, and inflammatory cell infiltration but resulted in limited myofiber regeneration at 2 weeks post-injury. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 92-103, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel J Haas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103
| | - Andrew J Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103
| | - Madison Marcinczyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103
| | - Muhamed Talovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103
| | - Mark Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103
| | - Robert Scheidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103
| | - Anjali D Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103
| | - Katherine R Hixon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103
| | - Hady Elmashhady
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103
| | - Sarah H McBride-Gagyi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103
| | - Scott A Sell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103
| | - Koyal Garg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103
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166
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Abramowitz MK, Paredes W, Zhang K, Brightwell CR, Newsom JN, Kwon HJ, Custodio M, Buttar RS, Farooq H, Zaidi B, Pai R, Pessin JE, Hawkins M, Fry CS. Skeletal muscle fibrosis is associated with decreased muscle inflammation and weakness in patients with chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1658-F1669. [PMID: 30280599 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00314.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle dysfunction is an important cause of morbidity among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although muscle fibrosis is present in a CKD rodent model, its existence in humans and its impact on physical function are currently unknown. We examined isometric leg extension strength and measures of skeletal muscle fibrosis and inflammation in vastus lateralis muscle from CKD patients ( n = 10) and healthy, sedentary controls ( n = 10). Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry were used to assess muscle collagen and macrophage and fibro/adipogenic progenitor (FAP) cell populations, and RT-qPCR was used to assess muscle-specific inflammatory marker expression. Muscle collagen content was significantly greater in CKD compared with control (18.8 ± 2.1 vs. 11.7 ± 0.7% collagen area, P = 0.008), as was staining for collagen I, pro-collagen I, and a novel collagen-hybridizing peptide that binds remodeling collagen. Muscle collagen was inversely associated with leg extension strength in CKD ( r = -0.74, P = 0.01). FAP abundance was increased in CKD, was highly correlated with muscle collagen ( r = 0.84, P < 0.001), and was inversely associated with TNF-α expression ( r = -0.65, P = 0.003). TNF-α, CD68, CCL2, and CCL5 mRNA were significantly lower in CKD than control, despite higher serum TNF-α and IL-6. Immunohistochemistry confirmed fewer CD68+ and CD11b+ macrophages in CKD muscle. In conclusion, skeletal muscle collagen content is increased in humans with CKD and is associated with functional parameters. Muscle fibrosis correlated with increased FAP abundance, which may be due to insufficient macrophage-mediated TNF-α secretion. These data provide a foundation for future research elucidating the mechanisms responsible for this newly identified human muscle pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Paredes
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Kehao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Camille R Brightwell
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Julia N Newsom
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Hyok-Joon Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Matthew Custodio
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Rupinder S Buttar
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Hina Farooq
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Bushra Zaidi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Rima Pai
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Meredith Hawkins
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
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167
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Juhas M, Abutaleb N, Wang JT, Ye J, Shaikh Z, Sriworarat C, Qian Y, Bursac N. Incorporation of macrophages into engineered skeletal muscle enables enhanced muscle regeneration. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 2:942-954. [PMID: 30581652 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle has a robust capacity for self-repair, owing to synergies between muscle satellite cells and the immune system. In vitro models of muscle self-repair would facilitate the basic understanding of muscle regeneration and the screening of therapies for muscle disease. Here, we show that the incorporation of macrophages into muscle tissues engineered from adult-rat myogenic cells enables near-complete structural and functional repair after cardiotoxic injury in vitro. First, we show that-in contrast with injured neonatal-derived engineered muscle-adult-derived engineered muscle fails to properly self-repair after injury, even when treated with pro-regenerative cytokines. We then show that rat bone-marrow-derived macrophages or human blood-derived macrophages resident within the in vitro engineered tissues stimulate muscle satellite cell-mediated myogenesis while significantly limiting myofibre apoptosis and degeneration. Moreover, bone-marrow-derived macrophages within engineered tissues implanted in a mouse dorsal window-chamber model augmented blood vessel ingrowth, cell survival, muscle regeneration and contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Juhas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nadia Abutaleb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason T Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jean Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zohaib Shaikh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Ying Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. .,Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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168
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Functional muscle recovery with nanoparticle-directed M2 macrophage polarization in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10648-10653. [PMID: 30275293 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806908115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence of inflammation, and associated limits in tissue regeneration, are believed to be due in part to the imbalance of M1 over M2 macrophages. Here, we hypothesized that providing a sustained source of an antiinflammatory polarizing cytokine would shift the balance of macrophages at a site of tissue damage to improve functional regeneration. Specifically, IL-4-conjugated gold nanoparticles (PA4) were injected into injured murine skeletal muscle, resulting in improved histology and an ∼40% increase in muscle force compared with mice treated with vehicle only. Macrophages were the predominant infiltrating immune cell, and treatment with PA4 resulted in an approximately twofold increase in the percentage of macrophages expressing the M2a phenotype and an approximately twofold decrease in M1 macrophages, compared with mice treated with vehicle only. Intramuscular injection of soluble IL-4 did not shift macrophage polarization or result in functional muscle improvements. Depletion of monocytes/macrophages eliminated the therapeutic effects of PA4, suggesting that improvement in muscle function was the result of M2-shifted macrophage polarization. The ability of PA4 to direct macrophage polarization in vivo may be beneficial in the treatment of many injuries and inflammatory diseases.
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169
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Wang X, Zhao D, Cui Y, Lu S, Gao D, Liu J. Proinflammatory macrophages impair skeletal muscle differentiation in obesity through secretion of tumor necrosis factor‐α via sustained activation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2566-2580. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an China
| | - Daina Zhao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an China
| | - Yajuan Cui
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an China
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an China
| | - Dan Gao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an China
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170
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Nakayama KH, Alcazar C, Yang G, Quarta M, Paine P, Doan L, Davies A, Rando TA, Huang NF. Rehabilitative exercise and spatially patterned nanofibrillar scaffolds enhance vascularization and innervation following volumetric muscle loss. NPJ Regen Med 2018; 3:16. [PMID: 30245849 PMCID: PMC6141593 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-018-0054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration can be permanently impaired by traumatic injuries, despite the high regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle. Implantation of engineered biomimetic scaffolds to the site of muscle ablation may serve as an attractive off-the-shelf therapeutic approach. The objective of the study was to histologically assess the therapeutic benefit of a three-dimensional spatially patterned collagen scaffold, in conjunction with rehabilitative exercise, for treatment of volumetric muscle loss. To mimic the physiologic organization of skeletal muscle, which is generally composed of myofibers aligned in parallel, three-dimensional parallel-aligned nanofibrillar collagen scaffolds were fabricated. When implanted into the ablated murine tibialis anterior muscle, the aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds, in conjunction with voluntary caged wheel exercise, significantly improved the density of perfused microvessels, in comparison to treatments of the randomly oriented nanofibrillar scaffold, decellularized scaffold, or in the untreated control group. The abundance of neuromuscular junctions was 19-fold higher when treated with aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds in conjunction with exercise, in comparison to treatment of aligned scaffold without exercise. Although, the density of de novo myofibers was not significantly improved by aligned scaffolds, regardless of exercise activity, the cross-sectional area of regenerating myofibers was increased by > 60% when treated with either aligned and randomly oriented scaffolds, in comparison to treatment of decellularized scaffold or untreated controls. These findings demonstrate that voluntary exercise improved the regenerative effect of aligned scaffolds by augmenting neurovascularization, and have important implications in the design of engineered biomimetic scaffolds for treatment of traumatic muscle injury. A collagen scaffold designed to mimic skeletal muscle, together with rehabilitative exercise, can help regenerate nerves and blood vessels following traumatic muscle injury. Ngan Huang from Stanford University, California, USA, and colleagues created scaffolding composed of collagen nanofibers aligned in parallel, as natural muscle fibers are. They implanted these specially patterned collagen constructs into the shins of mice that had no tibialis anterior muscles. Mice given the opportunity to exercise formed far more nerve connections in their injured muscles compared to mice without exercise wheels in their cages. Active mice also developed significantly more blood vessels in their injured muscles with the parallel-aligned scaffolds compared to other animals with randomly oriented scaffolds, decellularized scaffolds or no implant at all. The findings highlight the potential of combining exercise and biomimetic scaffolds to treat muscle trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina H Nakayama
- 1Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.,2The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.,3Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Cynthia Alcazar
- 1Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Guang Yang
- 1Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.,2The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Marco Quarta
- 1Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.,4Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304 USA
| | - Patrick Paine
- 1Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Linda Doan
- 1Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Adam Davies
- 1Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- 1Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.,4Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304 USA
| | - Ngan F Huang
- 1Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.,2The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.,3Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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171
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Ladislau L, Arouche-Delaperche L, Allenbach Y, Benveniste O. Potential Pathogenic Role of Anti-Signal Recognition Protein and Anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Antibodies in Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathies. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2018; 20:56. [PMID: 30074107 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-018-0763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of the potential pathogenic roles of anti-SRP and anti-HMGCR in IMNM over the past 5 years. RECENT FINDINGS Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of acquired autoimmune disorders that mainly affect the skeletal muscle tissue. Classification criteria of IIM are comprised of polymyositis, dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies. One important hallmark of autoimmune diseases is the detection of autoantibodies in patient sera. The anti-SRP (signal recognition particle) and anti-HMGCR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase) antibodies are specifically associated with IMNM patients, and their detection has been described as related to disease severity. The muscles of IMNM patients are characterized by necrosis, atrophy and regenerating fibres with sparse inflammatory infiltrates. Although an important correlation between autoantibody titres, creatine kinase levels and disease progression/severity has been described in the last few years, the potential pathogenic roles of these autoantibodies have only recently been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Ladislau
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS_974, Center of Research in Myology, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Louiza Arouche-Delaperche
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS_974, Center of Research in Myology, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Yves Allenbach
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS_974, Center of Research in Myology, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Benveniste
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS_974, Center of Research in Myology, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France.
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172
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Virgilio KM, Martin KS, Peirce SM, Blemker SS. Agent-based model illustrates the role of the microenvironment in regeneration in healthy and mdx skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1424-1439. [PMID: 30070607 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00379.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle-wasting disease with no effective treatment. Multiple mechanisms are thought to contribute to muscle wasting, including increased susceptibility to contraction-induced damage, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, altered satellite stem cell (SSC) dynamics, and impaired regenerative capacity. The goals of this project were to 1) develop an agent-based model of skeletal muscle that predicts the dynamic regenerative response of muscle cells, fibroblasts, SSCs, and inflammatory cells as a result of contraction-induced injury, 2) calibrate and validate the model parameters based on comparisons with published experimental measurements, and 3) use the model to investigate how changing isolated and combined factors known to be associated with DMD (e.g., altered fibroblast or SSC behaviors) influence muscle regeneration. Our predictions revealed that the percent of injured muscle that recovered 28 days after injury was dependent on the peak SSC counts following injury. In simulations with near-full cross-sectional area recovery (healthy, 4-wk mdx, 3-mo mdx), the SSC counts correlated with the extent of initial injury; however, in simulations with impaired regeneration (9-mo mdx), the peak SSC counts were suppressed relative to initial injury. The differences in SSC counts between these groups were emergent predictions dependent on altered microenvironment factors known to be associated with DMD. Multiple cell types influenced the peak number of SSCs, but no individual parameter predicted the differences in SSC counts. This finding suggests that interventions to target the microenvironment rather than SSCs directly could be an effective method for improving regeneration in impaired muscle. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A computational model predicted that satellite stem cell (SSC) counts are correlated with muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) recovery following injury. In simulations with impaired CSA recovery, SSC counts are suppressed relative to healthy muscle. The suppressed SSC counts were an emergent model prediction, because all simulations had equal initial SSC counts. Fibroblast and anti-inflammatory macrophage counts influenced SSC counts, but no single factor was able to predict the pathological differences in SSC counts that lead to impaired regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley M Virgilio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kyle S Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Silvia S Blemker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
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173
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Luchetti F, Nasoni MG, Falcieri E, Mendes AF. The " Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology" Journal Club Series: Highlights on Recent Papers in Exercise-Induced Immune Response. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2018; 3:jfmk3030042. [PMID: 33466971 PMCID: PMC7739323 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk3030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We are glad to introduce the ninth Journal Club. This edition is focused on several relevant studies published in the last few years in the field of Exercise-Induced Immune Response, chosen by our Editorial Board members and their colleagues. We hope to stimulate your curiosity in this field and to share with you the passion for sport seen also from the scientific point of view. The Editorial Board members wish you an inspiring lecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Luchetti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Gemma Nasoni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Falcieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Alexandrina Ferreira Mendes
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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174
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Souza NHC, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Rodrigues MFSD, da Silva DFT, Ribeiro BG, Alves AN, Garcia MP, Nunes FD, da Silva Junior EM, França CM, Bussadori SK, Fernandes KPS. Photobiomodulation and different macrophages phenotypes during muscle tissue repair. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4922-4934. [PMID: 30024093 PMCID: PMC6156453 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a very important role in the conduction of several regenerative processes mainly due to their plasticity and multiple functions. In the muscle repair process, while M1 macrophages regulate the inflammatory and proliferative phases, M2 (anti‐inflammatory) macrophages direct the differentiation and remodelling phases, leading to tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of red and near infrared (NIR) photobiomodulation (PBM) on macrophage phenotypes and correlate these findings with the repair process following acute muscle injury. Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control; muscle injury; muscle injury + red PBM; and muscle injury + NIR PBM. After 2, 4 and 7 days, the tibialis anterior muscle was processed for analysis. Macrophages phenotypic profile was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and correlated with the different stages of the skeletal muscle repair by the qualitative and quantitative morphological analysis as well as by the evaluation of IL‐6,TNF‐α and TGF‐β mRNA expression. Photobiomodulation at both wavelengths was able to decrease the number of CD68+ (M1) macrophages 2 days after muscle injury and increase the number of CD163+ (M2) macrophages 7 days after injury. However, only NIR treatment was able to increase the number of CD206+ M2 macrophages (Day 2) and TGF‐β mRNA expression (Day 2, 4 and 7), favouring the repair process more expressivelly. Treatment with PBM was able to modulate the inflammation phase, optimize the transition from the inflammatory to the regeneration phase (mainly with NIR light) and improve the final step of regeneration, enhancing tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadhia H C Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilition Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel A Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilition Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda S D Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela F T da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz G Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilition Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agnelo N Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilition Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mónica P Garcia
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio D Nunes
- Departament of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evaldo M da Silva Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane M França
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra K Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilition Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kristianne P S Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
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175
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Wosczyna MN, Rando TA. A Muscle Stem Cell Support Group: Coordinated Cellular Responses in Muscle Regeneration. Dev Cell 2018; 46:135-143. [PMID: 30016618 PMCID: PMC6075730 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has an extraordinary regenerative capacity due to the activity of tissue-specific muscle stem cells. Consequently, these cells have received the most attention in studies investigating the cellular processes of skeletal muscle regeneration. However, efficient capacity to rebuild this tissue also depends on additional cells in the local milieu, as disrupting their normal contributions often leads to incomplete regeneration. Here, we review these additional cells that contribute to the regenerative process. Understanding the complex interactions between and among these cell populations has the potential to lead to therapies that will help promote normal skeletal muscle regeneration under conditions in which this process is suboptimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Wosczyna
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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176
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Tomlinson JE, Žygelytė E, Grenier JK, Edwards MG, Cheetham J. Temporal changes in macrophage phenotype after peripheral nerve injury. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:185. [PMID: 29907154 PMCID: PMC6003127 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages play a key role in peripheral nerve repair and demonstrate complex phenotypes that are highly dependent on microenvironmental cues. METHODS We determined temporal changes in macrophage gene expression over time using RNA sequencing after fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) macrophage populations from injured peripheral nerve. We identified key upstream regulators and dominant pathways using ingenuity pathway analysis and confirmed these changes with NanoString technology. We then investigate the effects of extreme polarizers of macrophage phenotype (IL4 and IFNγ) on nerve regeneration. We determined macrophage gene expression in vivo at the site of peripheral nerve injury with NanoString technology, and assessed recovery from sciatic nerve injury by cranial tibial muscle weights and retrograde labeling motor neurons in mice with deletion of IL4 or IFNγ receptors. RESULTS We demonstrate that IL4R and IFNγR deletions provide complementary responses to polarization, and alter expression of genes associated with angiogenesis and axonal extension, but do not influence recovery from peripheral nerve transection at 8 weeks after repair. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study provides a framework to evaluate the phenotype of macrophages over time, and provides a broader and more precise assessment of gene expression changes than has previously been commonly used. This data suggests ways in which polarization may be modulated to improve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy E. Tomlinson
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Emilija Žygelytė
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY USA
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177
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Rancourt A, Dufresne SS, St-Pierre G, Lévesque JC, Nakamura H, Kikuchi Y, Satoh MS, Frenette J, Sato S. Galectin-3 and N-acetylglucosamine promote myogenesis and improve skeletal muscle function in the mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201701151RRR. [PMID: 29894670 PMCID: PMC6219824 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701151rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The muscle membrane, sarcolemma, must be firmly attached to the basal lamina. The failure of proper attachment results in muscle injury, which is the underlying cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), in which mutations in the dystrophin gene disrupts the firm adhesion. In patients with DMD, even moderate contraction causes damage, leading to progressive muscle degeneration. The damaged muscles are repaired through myogenesis. Consequently, myogenesis is highly active in patients with DMD, and the repeated activation of myogenesis leads to the exhaustion of the myogenic stem cells. Therefore, approaches to reducing the risk of the exhaustion are to develop a treatment that strengthens the interaction between the sarcolemma and the basal lamina and increases the efficiency of the myogenesis. Galectin-3 is an oligosaccharide-binding protein and is known to be involved in cell-cell interactions and cell-matrix interactions. Galectin-3 is expressed in myoblasts and skeletal muscle, although its function in muscle remains elusive. In this study, we found evidence that galectin-3 and the monosaccharide N-acetylglucosamine, which increases the synthesis of binding partners (oligosaccharides) of galectin-3, promote myogenesis in vitro. Moreover, in the mdx mouse model of DMD, treatment with N-acetylglucosamine increased muscle-force production. The results suggest that treatment with N-acetylglucosamine might mitigate the burden of DMD.-Rancourt, A., Dufresne, S. S., St-Pierre, G., Lévesque, J.-C., Nakamura, H., Kikuchi, Y., Satoh, M. S., Frenette, J., Sato, S. Galectin-3 and N-acetylglucosamine promote myogenesis and improve skeletal muscle function in the mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Rancourt
- Glycobiology and Bioimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and Bioimaging, Research Centre Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien S. Dufresne
- Department of Rehabilitation, Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume St-Pierre
- Glycobiology and Bioimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Haruka Nakamura
- Glycobiology and Bioimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yodai Kikuchi
- Glycobiology and Bioimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Masahiko S. Satoh
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and Bioimaging, Research Centre Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jérôme Frenette
- Department of Rehabilitation, Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sachiko Sato
- Glycobiology and Bioimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Bioimaging Platform, Research Centre of CHU de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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178
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Xu P, Werner JU, Milerski S, Hamp CM, Kuzenko T, Jähnert M, Gottmann P, de Roy L, Warnecke D, Abaei A, Palmer A, Huber-Lang M, Dürselen L, Rasche V, Schürmann A, Wabitsch M, Knippschild U. Diet-Induced Obesity Affects Muscle Regeneration After Murine Blunt Muscle Trauma-A Broad Spectrum Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:674. [PMID: 29922174 PMCID: PMC5996306 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to skeletal muscle affects millions of people worldwide. The underlying regenerative process however, is a very complex mechanism, time-wise highly coordinated, and subdivided in an initial inflammatory, a regenerative and a remodeling phase. Muscle regeneration can be impaired by several factors, among them diet-induced obesity (DIO). In order to evaluate if obesity negatively affects healing processes after trauma, we utilized a blunt injury approach to damage the extensor iliotibialis anticus muscle on the left hind limb of obese and normal weight C57BL/6J without showing any significant differences in force input between normal weight and obese mice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the injury and regeneration process revealed edema formation and hemorrhage exudate in muscle tissue of normal weight and obese mice. In addition, morphological analysis of physiological changes revealed tissue necrosis, immune cell infiltration, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and fibrosis formation in the damaged muscle tissue. Regeneration was delayed in muscles of obese mice, with a higher incidence of fibrosis formation due to hampered expression levels of genes involved in ECM organization. Furthermore, a detailed molecular fingerprint in different stages of muscle regeneration underlined a delay or even lack of a regenerative response to injury in obese mice. A time-lapse heatmap determined 81 differentially expressed genes (DEG) with at least three hits in our model at all-time points, suggesting key candidates with a high impact on muscle regeneration. Pathway analysis of the DEG revealed five pathways with a high confidence level: myeloid leukocyte migration, regulation of tumor necrosis factor production, CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation, ECM organization, and toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Moreover, changes in complement-, Wnt-, and satellite cell-related genes were found to be impaired in obese animals after trauma. Furthermore, histological satellite cell evaluation showed lower satellite cell numbers in the obese model upon injury. Ankrd1, C3ar1, Ccl8, Mpeg1, and Myog expression levels were also verified by qPCR. In summary, increased fibrosis formation, the reduction of Pax7+ satellite cells as well as specific changes in gene expression and signaling pathways could explain the delay of tissue regeneration in obese mice post trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens-Uwe Werner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Milerski
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carmen M Hamp
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kuzenko
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Jähnert
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pascal Gottmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Luisa de Roy
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center for Trauma Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniela Warnecke
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center for Trauma Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alireza Abaei
- Core facility "Small Animal Imaging", Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Palmer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lutz Dürselen
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center for Trauma Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core facility "Small Animal Imaging", Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Hospital for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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179
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Markworth JF, D'Souza RF, Aasen KMM, Mitchell SM, Durainayagam BR, Sinclair AJ, Peake JM, Egner IM, Raastad T, Cameron-Smith D, Mitchell CJ. Arachidonic acid supplementation transiently augments the acute inflammatory response to resistance exercise in trained men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:271-286. [PMID: 29698111 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00169.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Strenuous exercise can result in skeletal muscle damage, leading to the systemic mobilization, activation, and intramuscular accumulation of blood leukocytes. Eicosanoid metabolites of arachidonic acid (ARA) are potent inflammatory mediators, but whether changes in dietary ARA intake influence exercise-induced inflammation is not known. This study investigated the effect of 4 wk of dietary supplementation with 1.5 g/day ARA ( n = 9, 24 ± 1.5 yr) or corn-soy oil placebo ( n = 10, 26 ± 1.3 yr) on systemic and intramuscular inflammatory responses to an acute bout of resistance exercise (8 sets each of leg press and extension at 80% one-repetition maximum) in previously trained men. Whole EDTA blood, serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs), and skeletal muscle biopsies were collected before exercise, immediately postexercise, and at 2, 4, and 48 h of recovery. ARA supplementation resulted in higher exercise-stimulated serum creatine kinase activity [incremental area under the curve (iAUC) P = 0.046] and blood leukocyte counts (iAUC for total white cells, P < 0.001; neutrophils: P = 0.007; monocytes: P = 0.015). The exercise-induced fold change in peripheral blood mononuclear cell mRNA expression of interleukin-1β ( IL1B), CD11b ( ITGAM), and neutrophil elastase ( ELANE), as well as muscle mRNA expression of the chemokines interleukin-8 ( CXCL8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 ( CCL2) was also greater in the ARA group than placebo. Despite this, ARA supplementation did not influence the histological presence of leukocytes within muscle, perceived muscle soreness, or the extent and duration of muscle force loss. These data show that ARA supplementation transiently increased the inflammatory response to acute resistance exercise but did not impair recovery. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Daily arachidonic acid supplementation for 4 wk in trained men augmented the acute systemic and intramuscular inflammatory response to a subsequent bout of resistance exercise. Greater exercise-induced inflammatory responses in men receiving arachidonic acid supplementation were not accompanied by increased symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage. Although increased dietary arachidonic acid intake does not appear to influence basal inflammation in humans, the acute inflammatory response to exercise stress is transiently increased following arachidonic acid supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Markworth
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland , Grafton , New Zealand.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Sarah M Mitchell
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland , Grafton , New Zealand
| | | | | | - Jonathan M Peake
- Sports Performance Innovation and Knowledge Excellence, Queensland Academy of Sport , Brisbane , Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Ingrid M Egner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Truls Raastad
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland , Grafton , New Zealand.,Food and Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch, Palmerston North , New Zealand.,Riddet Institute , Palmerston North , New Zealand
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180
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Li T, Liu ZL, Xiao M, Yang ZZ, Peng MZ, Li CD, Zhou XJ, Wang JW. Impact of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell immunomodulation on the osteogenic effects of laponite. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:100. [PMID: 29642953 PMCID: PMC5896058 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of osteoimmunology and bone tissue engineering (BTE), it has been recognized that the immunomodulatory properties of bone biomaterials have considerable impact in determining their fate after implantation. In this regard, the polarization of macrophages secondary to biomaterials is postulated to play a crucial role in modulating their osteogenesis; thus, strategies that may facilitate this process engender increasing levels of attention. Whereas a variety of reports highlight the immunomodulation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in cell therapy or their osteogenesis in BTE, few have focused on the effect of BMSCs in promoting osteogenesis in BTE through regulating the phenotype of macrophages. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to clarify the immunomodulatory properties of agents such as laponite (Lap), which is comprised of bioactive silicate nanoplatelets with excellent osteogenesis-inducing potential, to enhance their use in BTE. METHODS In the present study, we analyzed the osteoimmunomodulatory properties of Lap alone, as well as following the introduction of BMSCs into Lap, to determine whether BMSCs could modulate its immunomodulatory properties and promote osteogenesis. RESULTS It was found that the BMSCs reversed the polarization of murine-derived macrophage RAW 264.7 cells from M1 as induced by pure Lap to M2 and promoted osteogenesis. In vivo study confirmed that BMSCs combined with Lap initiated a less severe immune response and had an improved effect on bone regeneration compared with Lap alone, which corresponded with the in vitro evaluation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that BMSCs could ameliorate the inflammation induced by Lap and enhance its bone formation. The immunomodulatory characteristics of BMSCs suggest that these might be tailored as a new strategy to promote the osteogenic capacity of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Room 701, No. 3 Building, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Long Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Room 701, No. 3 Building, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Zheng Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Room 701, No. 3 Building, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Zheng Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Room 701, No. 3 Building, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui Di Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Jun Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Room 701, No. 3 Building, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Wu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Room 701, No. 3 Building, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
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181
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Abnave P, Ghigo E. Role of the immune system in regeneration and its dynamic interplay with adult stem cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 87:160-168. [PMID: 29635020 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The immune system plays an indispensable role in the process of tissue regeneration following damage as well as during homeostasis. Inflammation and immune cell recruitment are signs of early onset injury. At the wound site, immune cells not only help to clear debris but also secrete numerous signalling molecules that induce appropriate cell proliferation and differentiation programmes essential for successful regeneration. However, the immune system does not always perform a complementary role in regeneration and several reports have suggested that increased inflammation can inhibit the regeneration process. Successful regeneration requires a balanced immune cell response, with the recruitment of accurately polarised immune cells in an appropriate quantity. The regulatory interactions of the immune system with regeneration are not unidirectional. Stem cells, as key players in regeneration, can also modulate the immune system in several ways to facilitate regeneration. In this review, we will focus on recent research demonstrating the key role of immune system in the regeneration process as well as the immunomodulatory effects of stem cells. Finally, we propose that research investigating the interplay between the immune system and stem cells within highly regenerating animals can benefit the identification of the key interactions and molecules required for successful regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Abnave
- URMITE, CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, APHM, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
| | - Eric Ghigo
- Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; CNRS, 21 chemin de Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille.
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182
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Mendes BB, Gómez-Florit M, Babo PS, Domingues RM, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Blood derivatives awaken in regenerative medicine strategies to modulate wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:376-393. [PMID: 29288732 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Blood components play key roles in the modulation of the wound healing process and, together with the provisional fibrin matrix ability to selectively bind bioactive molecules and control its spatial-temporal presentation, define the complex microenvironment that characterize this biological process. As a biomimetic approach, the use of blood derivatives in regenerative strategies has awakened as a source of multiple therapeutic biomolecules. Nevertheless, and despite their clinical relevance, blood derivatives have been showing inconsistent therapeutic results due to several factors, including proper control over their delivery mechanisms. Herein, we highlight recent trends on the use biomaterials to protect, sequester and deliver these pools of biomolecules in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches. Particular emphasis is given to strategies that enable to control their spatiotemporal delivery and improve the selectivity of presentation profiles of the biomolecules derived from blood derivatives rich in platelets. Finally, we discussed possible directions for biomaterials design to potentiate the aimed regenerative effects of blood derivatives and achieve efficient therapies.
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183
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Sarrafian TL, Bodine SC, Murphy B, Grayson JK, Stover SM. Extracellular matrix scaffolds for treatment of large volume muscle injuries: A review. Vet Surg 2018; 47:524-535. [PMID: 29603757 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Large muscular or musculotendinous defects present a dilemma because of the inadequacies of current treatment strategies. Extracellular matrices (ECM) are potential clinically applicable regenerative biomaterials. This review summarizes information from the preclinical literature evaluating the use of ECM for muscle regeneration in animal models of volumetric muscle loss (VML). STUDY DESIGN Literature review. SAMPLE POPULATION Animal models of VML in which surgical repair was performed with an ECM product, with or without added cell populations. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, CAB abstracts, and Scopus were searched for preclinical studies using ECM in animal models of VML. The search terms "extracellular matrix," "VML," "muscle regeneration," "cell seeded," and "scaffold" identified 40 articles that met inclusion criteria of an animal model of VML in which surgical repair was performed with an ECM product, with or without added cell populations. Key skeletal muscle repair mechanisms and experimental findings on scaffold type, VML location, and experimental animal species were summarized. CONCLUSIONS Satellite cells and basal lamina are key endogenous contributors to skeletal muscle regeneration. ECM as a dynamic tissue component may provide structural integrity, signaling molecules, and a 3-dimensional topography conducive to muscle regeneration. Preclinical models of muscle repair most commonly used mice and rats (88%). Most experimental lesions were created in abdominal wall (33%), anterior tibialis (33%), latissimus dorsi (10%), or quadriceps (10%) muscles. Matrices varied markedly in source and preparation. Experimental outcomes of ECM and cell-seeded ECM implantation for muscle regeneration in VML were highly variable and dependent on matrix tissue source, preparation method, and anatomic site of injury. Scar tissue formation likely contributes to load transfer. Nonappendicular lesions had better regenerative results compared with appendicular VML. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The preponderance of current evidence supports the use of ECM for muscle defect repair only in specific instances, such as nonappendicular and/or partial-thickness defects. Consequently, clinical use of ECM in veterinary patients requires careful consideration of the specific ECM product, lesion size and location, and loading circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Sarrafian
- J. D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.,Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant US Air Force Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base, Fairfield, California
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Brian Murphy
- J. D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - J Kevin Grayson
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant US Air Force Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base, Fairfield, California
| | - Susan M Stover
- J. D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
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184
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Muscle Stem/Progenitor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Bone Marrow Origin for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Muscular Dystrophies. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2018. [PMID: 29536116 PMCID: PMC6154032 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-018-0509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies represent a group of diseases which may develop in several forms, and severity of the disease is usually associated with gene mutations. In skeletal muscle regeneration and in muscular dystrophies, both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved. The regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) of bone marrow origin was confirmed by the ability to differentiate into diverse tissues and by their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties by secretion of a variety of growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Skeletal muscle comprises different types of stem/progenitor cells such as satellite cells and non-satellite stem cells including MSCs, interstitial stem cells positive for stress mediator PW1 expression and negative for PAX7 called PICs (PW1+/PAX7− interstitial cells), fibro/adipogenic progenitors/mesenchymal stem cells, muscle side population cells and muscle resident pericytes, and all of them actively participate in the muscle regeneration process. In this review, we present biological properties of MSCs of bone marrow origin and a heterogeneous population of muscle-resident stem/progenitor cells, their interaction with the inflammatory environment of dystrophic muscle and potential implications for cellular therapies for muscle regeneration. Subsequently, we propose—based on current research results, conclusions, and our own experience—hypothetical mechanisms for modulation of the complete muscle regeneration process to treat muscular dystrophies.
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185
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186
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Liu W, Molnar M, Garnham C, Benav H, Rask-Andersen H. Macrophages in the Human Cochlea: Saviors or Predators-A Study Using Super-Resolution Immunohistochemistry. Front Immunol 2018; 9:223. [PMID: 29487598 PMCID: PMC5816790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human inner ear, which is segregated by a blood/labyrinth barrier, contains resident macrophages [CD163, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1)-, and CD68-positive cells] within the connective tissue, neurons, and supporting cells. In the lateral wall of the cochlea, these cells frequently lie close to blood vessels as perivascular macrophages. Macrophages are also shown to be recruited from blood-borne monocytes to damaged and dying hair cells induced by noise, ototoxic drugs, aging, and diphtheria toxin-induced hair cell degeneration. Precise monitoring may be crucial to avoid self-targeting. Macrophage biology has recently shown that populations of resident tissue macrophages may be fundamentally different from circulating macrophages. We removed uniquely preserved human cochleae during surgery for treating petroclival meningioma compressing the brain stem, after ethical consent. Molecular and cellular characterization using immunofluorescence with antibodies against IBA1, TUJ1, CX3CL1, and type IV collagen, and super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) were made together with transmission electron microscopy. The super-resolution microscopy disclosed remarkable phenotypic variants of IBA1 cells closely associated with the spiral ganglion cells. Monitoring cells adhered to neurons with “synapse-like” specializations and protrusions. Active macrophages migrated occasionally nearby damaged hair cells. Results suggest that the human auditory nerve is under the surveillance and possible neurotrophic stimulation of a well-developed resident macrophage system. It may be alleviated by the non-myelinated nerve soma partly explaining why, in contrary to most mammals, the human’s auditory nerve is conserved following deafferentiation. It makes cochlear implantation possible, for the advantage of the profoundly deaf. The IBA1 cells may serve additional purposes such as immune modulation, waste disposal, and nerve regeneration. Their role in future stem cell-based therapy needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matyas Molnar
- Immunology, Genetics and Pathology - Biovis Platform, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Helge Rask-Andersen
- Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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187
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Smith LR, Barton ER. Regulation of fibrosis in muscular dystrophy. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:602-615. [PMID: 29408413 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The production of force and power are inherent properties of skeletal muscle, and regulated by contractile proteins within muscle fibers. However, skeletal muscle integrity and function also require strong connections between muscle fibers and their extracellular matrix (ECM). A well-organized and pliant ECM is integral to muscle function and the ability for many different cell populations to efficiently migrate through ECM is critical during growth and regeneration. For many neuromuscular diseases, genetic mutations cause disruption of these cytoskeletal-ECM connections, resulting in muscle fragility and chronic injury. Ultimately, these changes shift the balance from myogenic pathways toward fibrogenic pathways, culminating in the loss of muscle fibers and their replacement with fatty-fibrotic matrix. Hence a common pathological hallmark of muscular dystrophy is prominent fibrosis. This review will cover the salient features of muscular dystrophy pathogenesis, highlight the signals and cells that are important for myogenic and fibrogenic actions, and discuss how fibrosis alters the ECM of skeletal muscle, and the consequences of fibrosis in developing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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188
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Latroche C, Weiss-Gayet M, Gitiaux C, Chazaud B. Cell sorting of various cell types from mouse and human skeletal muscle. Methods 2018; 134-135:50-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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189
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Kjøbsted R, Hingst JR, Fentz J, Foretz M, Sanz MN, Pehmøller C, Shum M, Marette A, Mounier R, Treebak JT, Wojtaszewski JFP, Viollet B, Lantier L. AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism. FASEB J 2018; 32:1741-1777. [PMID: 29242278 PMCID: PMC5945561 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700442r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability to adapt to various physiologic conditions. AMPK is a sensor of intracellular energy status that maintains energy stores by fine-tuning anabolic and catabolic pathways. AMPK’s role as an energy sensor is particularly critical in tissues displaying highly changeable energy turnover. Due to the drastic changes in energy demand that occur between the resting and exercising state, skeletal muscle is one such tissue. Here, we review the complex regulation of AMPK in skeletal muscle and its consequences on metabolism (e.g., substrate uptake, oxidation, and storage as well as mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle fibers). We focus on the role of AMPK in skeletal muscle during exercise and in exercise recovery. We also address adaptations to exercise training, including skeletal muscle plasticity, highlighting novel concepts and future perspectives that need to be investigated. Furthermore, we discuss the possible role of AMPK as a therapeutic target as well as different AMPK activators and their potential for future drug development.—Kjøbsted, R., Hingst, J. R., Fentz, J., Foretz, M., Sanz, M.-N., Pehmøller, C., Shum, M., Marette, A., Mounier, R., Treebak, J. T., Wojtaszewski, J. F. P., Viollet, B., Lantier, L. AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne R Hingst
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Fentz
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Nieves Sanz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, and.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Pehmøller
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Shum
- Axe Cardiologie, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Axe Cardiologie, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Remi Mounier
- Institute NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM Unité 1217, CNRS UMR, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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190
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Latroche C, Weiss-Gayet M, Chazaud B. Investigating the Vascular Niche: Three-Dimensional Co-culture of Human Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells and Endothelial Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 2002:121-128. [PMID: 30242569 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, is crucial for efficient skeletal muscle regeneration. Myogenesis and angiogenesis take place concomitantly during muscle regeneration. Myogenic precursor cells (MPCs) are in close proximity to vessels and interact with neighboring endothelial cells (ECs) to expand and differentiate. To demonstrate functional interplay between the two cell types, we established a robust and predictive ex vivo assay to evaluate activity of MPCs on angiogenesis and vice-et-versa, of ECs on myogenesis. Here, we describe an optimized three-dimensional co-culture protocol for the assessment of biological interactions between MPCs and ECs during skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Latroche
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy
| | - Michèle Weiss-Gayet
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR5310, Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR5310, Lyon, France.
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191
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Kosmac K, Peck BD, Walton RG, Mula J, Kern PA, Bamman MM, Dennis RA, Jacobs CA, Lattermann C, Johnson DL, Peterson CA. Immunohistochemical Identification of Human Skeletal Muscle Macrophages. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2883. [PMID: 30148186 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have well-characterized roles in skeletal muscle repair and regeneration. Relatively little is known regarding the role of resident macrophages in skeletal muscle homeostasis, extracellular matrix remodeling, growth, metabolism and adaptation to various stimuli including exercise and training. Despite speculation into macrophage contributions during these processes, studies characterizing macrophages in non-injured muscle are limited and methods used to identify macrophages vary. A standardized method for the identification of human resident skeletal muscle macrophages will aide in the characterization of these immune cells and allow for the comparison of results across studies. Here, we present an immunohistochemistry (IHC) protocol, validated by flow cytometry, to distinctly identify resident human skeletal muscle macrophage populations. We show that CD11b and CD206 double IHC effectively identifies macrophages in human skeletal muscle. Furthermore, the majority of macrophages in non-injured human skeletal muscle show a 'mixed' M1/M2 phenotype, expressing CD11b, CD14, CD68, CD86 and CD206. A relatively small population of CD11b+/CD206- macrophages are present in resting skeletal muscle. Changes in the relative abundance of this population may reflect important changes in the skeletal muscle environment. CD11b and CD206 IHC in muscle also reveals distinct morphological features of macrophages that may be related to the functional status of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Kosmac
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bailey D Peck
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - R Grace Walton
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jyothi Mula
- Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Philip A Kern
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- Center for Exercise Medicine and Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Richard A Dennis
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Cale A Jacobs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christian Lattermann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Darren L Johnson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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192
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Baghdadi MB, Tajbakhsh S. Regulation and phylogeny of skeletal muscle regeneration. Dev Biol 2018; 433:200-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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193
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Coupling between Myogenesis and Angiogenesis during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Is Stimulated by Restorative Macrophages. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:2018-2033. [PMID: 29198825 PMCID: PMC5785732 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, new functions for vessels have recently emerged beyond oxygen and nutrient supply, through the interactions that vascular cells establish with muscle stem cells. Here, we demonstrate in human and mouse that endothelial cells (ECs) and myogenic progenitor cells (MPCs) interacted together to couple myogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo during skeletal muscle regeneration. Kinetics of gene expression of ECs and MPCs sorted at different time points of regeneration identified three effectors secreted by both ECs and MPCs. Apelin, Oncostatin M, and Periostin were shown to control myogenesis/angiogenesis coupling in vitro and to be required for myogenesis and vessel formation during muscle regeneration in vivo. Furthermore, restorative macrophages, which have been previously shown to support myogenesis in vivo, were shown in a 3D triculture model to stimulate myogenesis/angiogenesis coupling, notably through Oncostatin M production. Our data demonstrate that restorative macrophages orchestrate muscle regeneration by controlling myogenesis/angiogenesis coupling. Endothelial cells (ECs) promote myogenesis Myogenic progenitor cells (MPCs) stimulate angiogenesis as they differentiate EC- and MPC-derived Apelin, Oncostatin M, and Periostin promote myo-angiogenesis Restorative macrophages stimulate myo-angiogenesis via Oncostatin M secretion
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194
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Gitiaux C, Latroche C, Weiss‐Gayet M, Rodero MP, Duffy D, Bader‐Meunier B, Glorion C, Nusbaum P, Bodemer C, Mouchiroud G, Chelly J, Germain S, Desguerre I, Chazaud B. Myogenic Progenitor Cells Exhibit Type I Interferon–Driven Proangiogenic Properties and Molecular Signature During Juvenile Dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 70:134-145. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Gitiaux
- Département de Neurophysiologie Clinique Hôpital Necker‐Enfants Malades, AP‐HP, Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Neuromusculaires, Garches‐Necker‐Mondor‐Hendaye, AP‐HP, FILNEMUS, and Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes Paris France
| | - Claire Latroche
- Institut Cochin INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes Paris France
| | - Michèle Weiss‐Gayet
- Institut NeuroMyoGène Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217 Villeurbanne France
| | - Mathieu P. Rodero
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation INSERM UMR1163, Institut Imagine Paris France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur Paris France
| | - Brigitte Bader‐Meunier
- Département de Rhumatologie Pédiatrique Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP‐HP Paris France
| | - Christophe Glorion
- Département de Chirurgie Orthopédique Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP‐HP Paris France
| | - Patrick Nusbaum
- Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire Hôpital Cochin, AP‐HP Paris France
| | - Christine Bodemer
- Département de Dermatologie Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP‐HP Paris France
| | - Guy Mouchiroud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Institut Cochin INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes Paris France
| | - Stéphane Germain
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology Collège de France, INSERM, CNRS, PSL Research University Paris France
| | - Isabelle Desguerre
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Neuromusculaires, Garches‐Necker‐Mondor‐Hendaye, AP‐HP, FILNEMUS Paris France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217 Villeurbanne France
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195
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Mashinchian O, Pisconti A, Le Moal E, Bentzinger CF. The Muscle Stem Cell Niche in Health and Disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 126:23-65. [PMID: 29305000 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of stem cells that maintain and regenerate postnatal tissues depends on extrinsic signals originating from their microenvironment, commonly referred to as the stem cell niche. Complex higher-order regulatory interrelationships with the tissue and factors in the systemic circulation are integrated and propagated to the stem cells through the niche. The stem cell niche in skeletal muscle tissue is both a paradigm for a structurally and functionally relatively static niche that maintains stem cell quiescence during tissue homeostasis, and a highly dynamic regenerative niche that is subject to extensive structural remodeling and a flux of different support cell populations. Conditions ranging from aging to chronically degenerative skeletal muscle diseases affect the composition of the niche and thereby impair the regenerative potential of muscle stem cells. A holistic and integrative understanding of the extrinsic mechanisms regulating muscle stem cells in health and disease in a broad systemic context will be imperative for the identification of regulatory hubs in the niche interactome that can be targeted to maintain, restore, or enhance the regenerative capacity of muscle tissue. Here, we review the microenvironmental regulation of muscle stem cells, summarize how niche dysfunction can contribute to disease, and discuss emerging therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mashinchian
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Doctoral Program in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Addolorata Pisconti
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Emmeran Le Moal
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - C Florian Bentzinger
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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196
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Del Zotto G, Antonini F, Azzari I, Ortolani C, Tripodi G, Giacopelli F, Cappato S, Moretta L, Ravazzolo R, Bocciardi R. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Immunophenotyping in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva Patients: Evidence for Monocyte DNAM1 Up-regulation. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2017; 94:613-622. [PMID: 28985649 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder caused by sporadic heterozygous mutations in ACVR1 gene which progressively leads to severe heterotopic ossification. FOP is characterized by episodic flare-ups triggered by different factors such as viral infections, tissue injuries, vaccinations, or occurring without a recognizable cause. The sporadic course of the disease, the documented presence of an important inflammatory reaction in early lesions and the partial response to corticosteroids support the idea that the immune system, and in particular the innate component, may play a role in FOP pathogenesis. However, an extensive expression profile of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of FOP patients has never been done. METHODS In this study, we carried out a wide PBMC immunophenotyping on a cohort of FOP patients and matching controls by multiparametric analysis of the expression of a panel of 37 markers associated with migration, adhesion, inhibition, activation, and cell death of circulating immune cells. RESULTS We observed a statistically significant increase of the expression of DNAM1 receptor in patients' monocytes as compared to controls, and little but significant differences in the expression profile of CXCR1 (CD181), CD62L, CXCR4 (CD184), and HLA-DR molecules. CONCLUSIONS DNAM1 had been previously shown to play a pivotal role in monocyte migration through the endothelial barrier and the increased expression detected in patients' monocytes might suggest a role of this surface receptor during the early phases of FOP flare-ups in which the activation of the immune response is believed to represent a crucial event. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irma Azzari
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Ortolani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Pesaro-Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Giacopelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health and CEBR, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Serena Cappato
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health and CEBR, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Ravazzolo
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health and CEBR, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Renata Bocciardi
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health and CEBR, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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197
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Mackey AL, Kjaer M. The breaking and making of healthy adult human skeletal muscle in vivo. Skelet Muscle 2017; 7:24. [PMID: 29115986 PMCID: PMC5688812 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-017-0142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While muscle regeneration has been extensively studied in animal and cell culture models, in vivo myogenesis in adult human skeletal muscle has not been investigated in detail. Methods Using forced lengthening contractions induced by electrical stimulation, we induced myofibre injury in young healthy males. Muscle biopsies were collected from the injured leg 7 and 30 days after muscle injury and from the uninjured leg as a control. Immuno-stained single muscle fibres and muscle cross sections were studied by wide-field and confocal microscopy. Samples were also studied at the ultra-structural level by electron microscopy. Results Microscopy of single muscle fibres in 3 dimensions revealed a repeating pattern of necrotic and regenerating zones along the length of the same myofibre, characterised by extensive macrophage infiltration alongside differentiating myogenic progenitor cells and myotubes: the hallmarks of myogenesis. The myofibre basement membrane was preserved during these processes and interestingly was seen at a later stage as a second basement membrane surrounding the regenerating fibres. Conclusions This is the first work to document in vivo myogenesis in humans in detail and highlights the importance of the basement membrane in the process of regeneration. In addition, it provides insight into parallels between the regeneration of adult skeletal muscle in mouse and man, confirming that this model may be a useful tool in investigating myofibre and matrix formation, as well as specific cell types, during regeneration from the perspective of human muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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198
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Iyer A, Koch AJ, Holaska JM. Expression Profiling of Differentiating Emerin-Null Myogenic Progenitor Identifies Molecular Pathways Implicated in Their Impaired Differentiation. Cells 2017; 6:cells6040038. [PMID: 29065506 PMCID: PMC5755497 DOI: 10.3390/cells6040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding emerin cause Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD), a disorder causing progressive skeletal muscle wasting, irregular heart rhythms and contractures of major tendons. RNA sequencing was performed on differentiating wildtype and emerin-null myogenic progenitors to identify molecular pathways implicated in EDMD, 340 genes were uniquely differentially expressed during the transition from day 0 to day 1 in wildtype cells. 1605 genes were uniquely expressed in emerin-null cells; 1706 genes were shared among both wildtype and emerin-null cells. One thousand and forty-seven transcripts showed differential expression during the transition from day 1 to day 2. Four hundred and thirty-one transcripts showed altered expression in both wildtype and emerin-null cells. Two hundred and ninety-five transcripts were differentially expressed only in emerin-null cells and 321 transcripts were differentially expressed only in wildtype cells. DAVID, STRING and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified pathways implicated in impaired emerin-null differentiation, including cell signaling, cell cycle checkpoints, integrin signaling, YAP/TAZ signaling, stem cell differentiation, and multiple muscle development and myogenic differentiation pathways. Functional enrichment analysis showed biological functions associated with the growth of muscle tissue and myogenesis of skeletal muscle were inhibited. The large number of differentially expressed transcripts upon differentiation induction suggests emerin functions during transcriptional reprograming of progenitors to committed myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashvin Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Adam J Koch
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - James M Holaska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rm 534, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, 401 South Broadway St., Camden, NJ 08028, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Novak JS, Hogarth MW, Boehler JF, Nearing M, Vila MC, Heredia R, Fiorillo AA, Zhang A, Hathout Y, Hoffman EP, Jaiswal JK, Nagaraju K, Cirak S, Partridge TA. Myoblasts and macrophages are required for therapeutic morpholino antisense oligonucleotide delivery to dystrophic muscle. Nat Commun 2017; 8:941. [PMID: 29038471 PMCID: PMC5643396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exon skipping is a promising therapeutic strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), employing morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (PMO-AO) to exclude disruptive exons from the mutant DMD transcript and elicit production of truncated dystrophin protein. Clinical trials for PMO show variable and sporadic dystrophin rescue. Here, we show that robust PMO uptake and efficient production of dystrophin following PMO administration coincide with areas of myofiber regeneration and inflammation. PMO localization is sustained in inflammatory foci where it enters macrophages, actively differentiating myoblasts and newly forming myotubes. We conclude that efficient PMO delivery into muscle requires two concomitant events: first, accumulation and retention of PMO within inflammatory foci associated with dystrophic lesions, and second, fusion of PMO-loaded myoblasts into repairing myofibers. Identification of these factors accounts for the variability in clinical trials and suggests strategies to improve this therapeutic approach to DMD.Exon skipping is a strategy for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, but has variable efficacy. Here, the authors show that dystrophin restoration occurs preferentially in areas of myofiber regeneration, where antisense oligonucleotides are stored in macrophages and delivered to myoblasts and newly formed myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Novak
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Marshall W Hogarth
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Jessica F Boehler
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Marie Nearing
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Maria C Vila
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Raul Heredia
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Alyson A Fiorillo
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Yetrib Hathout
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Jyoti K Jaiswal
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Sebahattin Cirak
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, 50923, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, 50923, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Terence A Partridge
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA. .,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
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200
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Cezar CA, Arany P, Vermillion SA, Seo BR, Vandenburgh HH, Mooney DJ. Timed Delivery of Therapy Enhances Functional Muscle Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700202. [PMID: 28703489 PMCID: PMC5641972 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of traumatic muscle injury in humans. Previous investigations have typically focused on the identification of potent cell and growth factor treatments and optimization of spatial control over delivery. However, the optimal time point for cell transplantation remains unclear. Here, this study reports how myoblast and morphogen delivery timed to coincide with specific phases of the inflammatory response affects donor cell engraftment and the functional repair of severely injured muscle. Delivery of a biomaterial-based therapy timed with the peak of injury-induced inflammation leads to potent early and long-term regenerative benefits. Diminished inflammation and fibrosis, enhanced angiogenesis, and increased cell engraftment are seen during the acute stage following optimally timed treatment. Over the long term, treatment during peak inflammation leads to enhanced functional regeneration, as indicated by reduced chronic inflammation and fibrosis along with increased tissue perfusion and muscle contractile force. Treatments initiated immediately after injury or after inflammation had largely resolved provided more limited benefits. These results demonstrate the importance of appropriately timing the delivery of biologic therapy in the context of muscle regeneration. Biomaterial-based timed delivery can likely be applied to other tissues and is of potential wide utility in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Cezar
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, 60 Oxford Street, Suite 403, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Praveen Arany
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Sarah A Vermillion
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, 60 Oxford Street, Suite 403, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Bo Ri Seo
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, 60 Oxford Street, Suite 403, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Herman H Vandenburgh
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, 60 Oxford Street, Suite 403, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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