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Abstract
This study was conducted to determine whether age-related variance in social desirability mediates age trends in psychological health. Self-report measures assessing depressive symptoms, well-being and social desirability were administered to wide age range sample (158 participants aged 20-101 years) from Sardinia, an Italian region located in the Mediterranean Sea being characterized by high level of longevity. Binary correlations showed that ageing was significantly correlated with fewer depressive symptoms and greater well-being; social desirability was significantly correlated with fewer depressive symptoms and higher well-being; age and social desirability were positively correlated. Mediation analyses indicated that social desirability explained a significant proportion (7-33%) of age-related variance in perceived well-being and depressive symptomatology. In conclusion, age differences in self-reported depressive symptoms and well-being partially reflect age differences in social desirability. The age-related increase in social desirability may reflect development of an advantageous coping style that contributes to psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kenneth Hitchcott
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Pietronilla Penna
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Fastame
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy.
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152
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Saikal A, Pit SW, McCarthy L. Medical student well-being during rural clinical placement: A cross-sectional national survey. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 54:547-558. [PMID: 32012331 DOI: 10.1111/medu.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Understanding rural student well-being is essential to inform the development and training of the future rural medical workforce so as to ensure a pipeline of rural doctors to meet rural communities' needs. However, little is known about the well-being of students who are on rural placement. This study aims to identify the predictors of well-being amongst a national sample of medical students on rural clinical placement. METHODS The Federation of Rural Australian Medical Educators (FRAME) 2015 national exit survey of medical students, completed at the end of rural terms, was used (n = 644) to test the associations between well-being and demographic, financial, academic, supervisor, placement and clinical skills factors, and attitude to future rural work. Univariate and logistic regression were used. RESULTS Students aged 18-24 years (odds ratio [OR], 8.07 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.07-31.46]) and 25-34 years (OR, 4.06 [95% CI, 1.35-12.18]) reported higher levels of well-being compared to students aged over 35 years. Academic support from the rural clinical school (OR, 5.74 [95% CI, 2.59-12.73]), perceived respect from supervisors (OR, 3.13 [95% CI, 1.23-7.99]), not feeling socially isolated (OR, 2.7 [95% CI, 1.40-5.20]), access to counselling services (OR, 2.05 [95% CI, 1.10-3.83]), rural placement being a first choice (OR, 3.04 [95% CI, 1.58-5.86]) and positive attitudes to being part of a rural workforce in the future (OR, 4.0 [95% CI, 2.0-8.3]) were associated with higher odds of well-being compared to students who felt the opposite. Gender, rural background, financial support, clinical skills and role clarity were not found to be associated with well-being (P > .5). CONCLUSIONS This study may provide guidance to rural clinical schools, policymakers and medical educators in developing rural placement programmes that enhance student well-being so we can address workforce shortages in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiasha Saikal
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongon, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sabrina Winona Pit
- Western Sydney University, School of Medicine, University Centre for Rural Health, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, University Centre for Rural Health, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louella McCarthy
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongon, New South Wales, Australia
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153
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Norling LR, Chopik WJ. The Association Between Coworker Support and Work-Family Interference: A Test of Work Environment and Burnout as Mediators. Front Psychol 2020; 11:819. [PMID: 32431645 PMCID: PMC7214758 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coworker support has been hypothesized to enhance work-life outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. Two studies examined how coworker support predicted work-life outcomes through positive work environment and burnout. It was hypothesized that coworker support enhances work environment, and that better work environment is associated with less burnout; in turn, reduced burnout is associated with less negative work-life interference. In two large studies of working adults (total N = 5,666), we found support for our model – coworker support predicted work-family outcomes and this association was mediated by more positive work environments and reduced burnout. Study 2 was a short-term lagged confirmation of the model. Results are discussed in the context of efforts to improve workplace climate, reduce turnover, and improve workers’ job satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo R Norling
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - William J Chopik
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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154
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Radic A, Ariza-Montes A, Hernández-Perlines F, Giorgi G. Connected at Sea: The Influence of the Internet and Online Communication on the Well-Being and Life Satisfaction of Cruise Ship Employees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2840. [PMID: 32326093 PMCID: PMC7215407 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to elucidate the idiosyncratic effects of the Internet and online communication on the well-being and life satisfaction of cruise ship employees. Cross-sectional surveys and covariance-based structural equation modelling tools were used. In addition, univariate variance analysis was used to address the effects of socio-demographic variables (years of service on a cruise ship, working department on a cruise ship, gender, age, educational level and place of residency) on latent variables of the conceptual model. The conceptual model draws on existing theory and previous research and was empirically tested on a sample of cruise ship employee internet users. Result show that while being onboard a cruise ship, employees experience strong social pressure to be constantly available and they fear of missing out on important information and life events. Thus, relatedness to friends and family needs satisfaction is of paramount importance for cruise ship employees because they are fully aware that they are dispensable and replaceable to cruise ship companies, however to their friends and family, they are indispensable and unique. Moreover, employees who engage in other tasks/activities while taking part in online communication with friends and family exhibit reduced performance, which leads to poor interaction and social dissatisfaction. Lastly, employees experiencing under-reciprocating exchanges show significant negative effects on their well-being. Overall, the results provided several important theoretical and practical implications relevant to cruise tourism and human resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Ariza-Montes
- Management Department, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Facultad de Administración y Negocios, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 425, Chile
| | | | - Gabriele Giorgi
- Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, 00163 Rome, Italy;
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155
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Older Adults’ Beliefs About their Ability to Understand Others’ Mental States. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10804-020-09348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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156
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Matud MP. Masculine/Instrumental and Feminine/Expressive Traits and Health, Well-Being, and Psychological Distress in Spanish Men. Am J Mens Health 2020; 13:1557988319832749. [PMID: 30791811 PMCID: PMC6440036 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319832749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have explored the relationship between masculine norms and men's health outcomes. There are few recent studies published on the relationship between masculine/instrumental and feminine/expressive traits and men's health and well-being. The current cross-sectional study examines whether masculine/instrumental and feminine/expressive traits are associated to men's health and well-being. Participants were 1,870 Spanish men, aged 21 to 64 years. Results from hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that the masculine/instrumental trait and the feminine/expressive trait were positively related to men's psychological well-being and self-rated health, so that men whose self-concept includes both masculine/instrumental and feminine/expressive characteristics presented greater psychological well-being and better self-rated health. The feminine/expressive trait was associated with lower psychological distress yet only in case of men with low social support. Self-esteem and social support were important predictors of men's health, in such a way that men who had high self-esteem and social support reported higher ratings of psychological well-being, better self-rated health, and less psychological distress. The implications of these findings for promoting men's health and well-being are discussed.
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157
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Aw ECX, Sabri MF. Single mothers' subjective well-being: empirical evidence from Malaysia. Health Care Women Int 2020; 42:756-777. [PMID: 32208069 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2020.1744148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The authors' purpose of this study is to investigate the antecedents of single mothers' subjective well-being. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling. The main findings are: (1) religiosity and locus of control positively influenced subjective well-being, (2) locus of control negatively influenced financial strain, (3) financial strain negatively influenced subjective well-being, and (4) age moderated the relationship between financial strain and subjective well-being. Implications and future research suggestions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Cheng-Xi Aw
- Department of Management and Marketing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Fazli Sabri
- Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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158
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Nazari S, Afshar PF, Sadeghmoghadam L, Shabestari AN, Farhadi A. Developing the perceived social support scale for older adults: A mixed-method study. AIMS Public Health 2020; 7:66-80. [PMID: 32258190 PMCID: PMC7109536 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Social support has an important impact on the well-being of the elderly. Some studies have shown that perceived social support is more important than received social support. Perceived social support has different definitions across different age groups and cultures. So, this sequential exploratory mixed-method study was designed to develop and validate a perceived social support scale for community-dwelling elderly. In the qualitative phase, the perspectives of the elderly on perceived social support were defined through directed content analysis. Then, an extensive item pool was designed based on the elderly's perception and review of the literature. In the quantitative phase, the validity (content, face, and construct) and reliability (internal consistency, stability) of the newly developed scale was assessed using the sampling of five hundred elderly. The final scale consists of 34 items with domains of “emotional support”, “practical support”, “spiritual support”, “negative interactions” and “satisfaction with support received” that explained 58% of the total variance of the scale. The internal consistency varied from Cronbach's α = 0.70 to 0.87 for the subscales and as 0.92 for the whole scale. The study showed that the scale as a valid and reliable instrument can be used for the proper measurement of perceived social support among the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Nazari
- Department of Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Farokhnezhad Afshar
- Department of Gerontology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Sadeghmoghadam
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Social Development and Health Promotion Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Namazi Shabestari
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Farhadi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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159
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Yin S, Yang Q, Xiong J, Li T, Zhu X. Social Support and the Incidence of Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults in China: Findings From the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:254. [PMID: 32317993 PMCID: PMC7154048 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social support shows a protective effect against cognitive impairment in older adults. However, the longitudinal relationship between the distinct sources of social support and the incidence of cognitive impairment remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between different sources of social support and the incidence of cognitive impairment among older adults in China. METHOD We used longitudinal data (2005-2014) from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS, 2005-2014, mean follow-up years 5.32 ± 2.64). In total, 5897 participants (aged 81.7 ± 9.7 years, range 65-112 years, 49.0% male) were enrolled. Cognitive impairment was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Social support included support from family and friends (marital status; contacts with family and friends; children's visits; siblings' visits, sick care; money received from and money given to children) and the availability of support from social community (social service and social security). We calculated subdistribution hazard ratios (SHR) of cognitive impairment by establishing Cox regression models, adjusting for residence, gender, age, education, participation in physical exercise, activities of daily living, smoking, drinking, negative psychological well-being, baseline cognitive function, occupation, leisure activities, and diseases. RESULTS During a 9-year follow-up, 1047 participants developed cognitive impairment. Participants who were married had a 16.0% lower risk of developing cognitive impairment compared to the widowed older adults after controlling for all covariates, but the protective effect of being married was no longer significant (p = 0.067) when additional adjustment was made for all types of social support. Children's visits were significantly associated with the risk of cognitive impairment after controlling for all types of social support and covariate variables (SHR = 0.808, 95% confidence interval, 0.669-0.975, p = 0.026). CONCLUSION Children's visits were consistently associated with a lower incidence of cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufei Yin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Yang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinli Xiong
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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160
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Wilson JM, Weiss A, Shook NJ. Mindfulness, self-compassion, and savoring: Factors that explain the relation between perceived social support and well-being. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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161
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Carter S, Field E, Oppermann E, Brearley M. The impact of perceived heat stress symptoms on work-related tasks and social factors: A cross-sectional survey of Australia's Monsoonal North. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 82:102918. [PMID: 31473500 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heat poses a significant occupational hazard for labour-intensive workers in hot and humid environments. Therefore, this study measured the prevalence of heat-stress symptoms and impact of heat exposure on labour-intensive industries within the Monsoonal North region of Australia. A cohort of 179 workers completed a questionnaire evaluating environmental exposure, chronic (recurring) and/or severe (synonymous with heat stroke) symptoms of heat stress, and impact within work and home settings. Workers reported both chronic (79%) and severe (47%) heat stress symptoms, with increased likelihood of chronic symptoms when exposed to heat sources (OR 1.5-1.8, p = 0.002-0.023) and decreased likelihood of both chronic and severe symptoms when exposed to air-conditioning (Chronic: OR 0.5, p = <0.001, Severe: OR 0.7, p = 0.019). Negative impacts of heat exposure were reported for both work and home environments (30-60% respectively), highlighting the need for mitigation strategies to reduce occupational heat stress in the Monsoonal North.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Carter
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia.
| | - Emma Field
- Menzies School of Health Research, Level 1, 147 Wharf Street, Spring Hill, 4000, QLD, Australia; Australian National University, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, 62 Mills Road, Acton Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia.
| | - Elspeth Oppermann
- Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia.
| | - Matt Brearley
- National Critical Care and Trauma Response Centre, Level 8 Royal Darwin Hospital, Rocklands Drive, Tiwi, 0810, NT, Australia; Thermal Hyperformance, PO Box 1356, Howard Springs, 0835, NT, Australia; Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia.
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162
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Chen L, Guo W, Perez C. Social Support and Life Satisfaction of Ethnic Minority Elderly in China. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2020; 92:301-321. [PMID: 31888341 DOI: 10.1177/0091415019896224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that Han and ethnic minority groups in China are not homogeneous. However, little research has examined potential heterogeneity in the association between social support and life satisfaction across Han and ethnic minority elderly. Based on data from the 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey, this study uses ordered logit models with interaction terms to examine the relationship between social support and the life satisfaction of ethnic minority elderly and of elderly Han Chinese. We find that support from families and friends has a stronger association with the life satisfaction of ethnic minority elderly than their Han peers. For ethnic minority elderly, the patterns of family support varied according to rural or urban residence, with family support being less important to the life satisfaction of ethnic minority elderly living in urban communities than in rural areas. Our findings suggest that social policy should take this heterogeneity between ethnic groups into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- 226510 Department of Law, College of Political Science and Law, Heze University, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- 12581 Department of Social Work and Social Policy, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,The Centre for Asia-Pacific Development Studies, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Cristina Perez
- 4919 Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social & Historical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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163
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James LE, Welton-Mitchell C, Noel JR, James AS. Integrating mental health and disaster preparedness in intervention: a randomized controlled trial with earthquake and flood-affected communities in Haiti. Psychol Med 2020; 50:342-352. [PMID: 30782236 PMCID: PMC7083573 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the frequency of natural hazards in Haiti, disaster risk reduction is crucial. However, evidence suggests that many people exposed to prior disasters do not engage in disaster preparedness, even when they receive training and have adequate resources. This may be partially explained by a link between mental health symptoms and preparedness; however, these components are typically not integrated in intervention. METHODS The current study assesses effectiveness of an integrated mental health and disaster preparedness intervention. This group-based model was tested in three earthquake-exposed and flood-prone communities (N = 480), across three time points, using a randomized controlled trial design. The 3-day community-based intervention was culturally-adapted, facilitated by trained Haitian lay mental health workers, and focused on enhancing disaster preparedness, reducing mental health symptoms, and fostering community cohesion. RESULTS Consistent with hypotheses, the intervention increased disaster preparedness, reduced symptoms associated with depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and functional impairment, and increased peer-based help-giving and help-seeking. Mediation models indicated support for the underlying theoretical model, such that the effect of the intervention on preparedness was mediated by mental health, and that effects on mental health were likewise mediated by preparedness. CONCLUSIONS The community-based mental health-integrated disaster preparedness intervention is effective in improving mental health and preparedness among community members in Haiti vulnerable to natural hazards. This brief intervention has the potential to be scaled up for use with other communities vulnerable to earthquakes, seasonal flooding, and other natural hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Emily James
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado-Boulder, 483 UCB, Boulder, CO80309-0483, USA
| | - Courtney Welton-Mitchell
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado-Boulder, 483 UCB, Boulder, CO80309-0483, USA
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164
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Does the Credit Cycle Have an Impact on Happiness? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010183. [PMID: 31888025 PMCID: PMC6982114 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 2008 international financial crisis triggered a heated discussion of the relationship between public health and the economic environment. We test the relationship between the credit cycle and happiness using the fixed effects model and explore the transmission channels between them by adding the moderating effect. The results show the following empirical regularities. First, the credit cycle has a negative correlation with happiness. This means that credit growth will reduce the overall happiness score in a country/region. Second, the transmission channels between the credit cycle and happiness are different during credit expansion and recession. Life expectancy and generosity can moderate the relationship between the credit cycle and happiness only during credit expansion. GDP per capita can moderate this relationship only during credit recession. Social support, freedom, and positive affect can moderate this relationship throughout the credit cycle. Third, the total impact of the credit cycle on happiness will become positive by the changes in the moderating effects. In general, we can improve subjective well-being if one of the following five conditions holds: (1) with the adequate support from the family and society, (2) with enough freedom, (3) with social generosity, (4) with a positive and optimistic outlook, and (5) with a high level of GDP per capita.
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165
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The Effect of Social Support on Psychological Flourishing and Distress Among Migrants in Australia. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 21:278-289. [PMID: 29728812 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We examine the access that culturally diverse migrant groups in Australia have to different sources of social support and how this access, or lack thereof, is associated with psychological flourishing and distress. A national online survey was conducted with 1334 migrants in Australia, examining 11 different sources of social support, including family, friends, relationship partner, acquaintances, work colleagues, health professionals, government agencies, community organisations, religious groups, social groups and online groups. We also examined migrants from different cultural groups. All sources of support were significantly associated with mental health, but somewhat differently for the dimensions of distress and flourishing. Flourishing was linked to higher support from all 11 sources, though not for all cultural groups. High psychological distress was linked to lower support only from family, friends, a partner, acquaintances, work colleagues and social groups, and only for some cultural groups. In particular, for distress, there was no link between migrants from Southern Asia and family support, as well as Confucian Asia groups and friend support. Understanding where migrants from different cultural origins draw their support from could help policymakers and support workers improve health and well-being in migrant populations, especially by focusing on sources of support that are linked to lower distress and greater flourishing, as indicated in this study.
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166
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Seo MA, Lim YJ. Optimism and life satisfaction in persons with schizophrenia living in the community. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2019; 65:615-620. [PMID: 31387431 DOI: 10.1177/0020764019868256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed at examining the relationships between optimism and life satisfaction in persons with schizophrenia living in the community. METHOD In total, 108 persons with schizophrenia who live in the community, ranging in age from 20 to 67 years, completed measures of optimism, perceived stress and life satisfaction. RESULTS Results showed that optimism significantly predicted life satisfaction even after controlling for gender, age, onset age, employment and perceived stress. CONCLUSION Findings add further support to the growing body of evidence implicating that the intervention for enhancing life satisfaction in persons with schizophrenia dwelling in the community could focus on increasing optimism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Ah Seo
- Department of Psychology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Lim
- Department of Psychology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si, Korea
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167
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Jo H, Ou YY, Kung CC. The neural substrate of self- and other-concerned wellbeing: An fMRI study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0203974. [PMID: 31574083 PMCID: PMC6772049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Happiness, or Subjective Well-Being (SWB), is generally considered as a peaceful and satisfied state accompanied by consistent and optimistic mood. Due to its subjective and elusive nature, however, wellbeing has only been scarcely investigated in the neuroimaging literature. In this study, we investigated its neural substrates by characterizing two different perspectives: self- or other-concerned wellbeing. In the present study, 22 participants evaluated the subjective happiness (with button presses 1 to 4) to 3 categories (intra- and inter-personal and neutral) of pre-rated pictures in a slow event-related fMRI. Because wellbeing is constantly featured by pleasure feelings after self-inspection, we predict that happier conditions, featured by “intra-personal vs. neutral” and “inter-personal vs. neutral” conditions, should yield higher BOLD activities in overlapping reward- and self-related regions. Indeed, medial prefrontal (mPFC), pregenual ACC (pACC), precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) were revealed both by General Linear Model (GLM) (categorical contrasts) and parametric modulations (correlations with rating 1-4s), specifically, more connectivity between nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and mPFC, via additional psychophysiological interaction, or PPI, analyses. More interestingly, GLM and multivariate searchlight analyses jointly reveal the subdivision of mPFC and the PCC/precuneus, with anterior mPFC and dorsal PCC/precuneus more for interpersonal, posterior mPFC and ventral PCC/precuneus more for intrapersonal, SWB, respectively. Taken together, these results are not only consistent with the “cortical midline hypothesis of the self”, but also extending the “spatial gradients of self-to-other-concerned processing” from mPFC to including both mPFC and PCC/precuneus, making them two “hubs” of self-to-other-concerned wellbeing network.
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Affiliation(s)
- HanShin Jo
- Dept. of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan, Taiwan
- Inst. Of Medical Informatics, NCKU, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yen Ou
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, NCKU, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chia Kung
- Dept. of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan, Taiwan
- Mind Research and Imaging (MRI) Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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168
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Steinmayr R, Wirthwein L, Modler L, Barry MM. Development of Subjective Well-Being in Adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3690. [PMID: 31575056 PMCID: PMC6801746 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of subjective well-being (SWB) for students' mental and physical health, there is a lack of longitudinal studies investigating the development of SWB in adolescents and what factors are associated with it over time. The present study seeks to shed further light on this question by investigating adolescents longitudinally. A sample of German academic tracks students (N = 476) from five schools were followed longitudinally over a time period of 30 months with four measurement points from Grade 11 to Grade 13. Alongside the longitudinal assessment of SWB (mood and life satisfaction), a range of other factors were also assessed at t1 including; demographic factors (sex, age, socio-economic status (HISEI)), intelligence, grades (report cards provided by the schools), personality (neuroticism, extraversion) and perceived parental expectations and support. Latent growth curve models were conducted to investigate the development of SWB and its correlates. On average, mood and life satisfaction improved at the end of mandatory schooling. However, students significantly differed in this pattern of change. Students' life satisfaction developed more positively if students had good grades at t1. Furthermore, even though introverted students started with lower life satisfaction at t1, extraverts' life showed greater increases over time. Changes in mood were associated with socio-economic background; the higher the HISEI the more positive the change. As social comparisons in school performance are almost inevitable, schools should intervene to buffer the influence of school grades on students' SWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Steinmayr
- Department Educational Sciences, Psychology, and Sociology, TU Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 50, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
| | - Linda Wirthwein
- Department Educational Sciences, Psychology, and Sociology, TU Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 50, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
| | - Laura Modler
- Department Educational Sciences, Psychology, and Sociology, TU Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 50, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
| | - Margaret M Barry
- Health Promotion Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.
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169
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Lei J, Ashwin C, Brosnan M, Russell A. Developing an Online Tool to Measure Social Network Structure and Perceived Social Support Amongst Autistic Students in Higher Education: A Feasibility Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:3526-3542. [PMID: 31119511 PMCID: PMC6667418 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The academic, daily-living, and social challenges all students face during university transition can become magnified for many autistic students, who might struggle to adapt to changes in their social network structure (SNS) and perceived social support (PSS). This study assessed the development, feasibility, and convergent validity of a novel online tool (Social Network and Perceived Social Support-SNaPSS) designed to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate SNS and PSS during university transition. SNaPSS demonstrated good feasibility for completion amongst autistic students (Study 1, n = 10, 17-19 years), and adequate convergent validity against other PSS, autism symptom severity, and social anxiety measures amongst autistic (n = 28) and typically developing students (Study 2, n = 112, 17-19 years). Broader implications of SNaPSS to measure SNS/PSS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiedi Lei
- Centre for Applied Autism Research, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK.
| | - Chris Ashwin
- Centre for Applied Autism Research, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK
| | - Mark Brosnan
- Centre for Applied Autism Research, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK
| | - Ailsa Russell
- Centre for Applied Autism Research, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK
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170
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Improving Distress and Behaviors for Parents of Adolescents With Chronic Pain Enrolled in an Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Program. Clin J Pain 2019; 35:772-779. [DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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171
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West M, Hogan KF. Carers’ experiences of dementia support groups: A qualitative exploration. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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172
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The Five Factor Model of personality and social support: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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173
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Relevance of Gender and Social Support in Self-Rated Health and Life Satisfaction in Elderly Spanish People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152725. [PMID: 31370147 PMCID: PMC6695653 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Gender and social support are important social determinants of health, but the relevance of such variables in older people’s health has raised less scholarly attention than in younger age groups. This study examines the relevance of gender and social support in the self-rated health and life satisfaction of elderly Spanish people. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 702 men and 754 women aged between 60 and 94 years was conducted. All participants were evaluated through questionnaires that assess gender role traits, social support, and life satisfaction. Results: Men scored higher than women in masculine/instrumental trait and in life satisfaction whereas women scored higher than men in feminine/expressive trait. Results from multiple regression analyses indicated that women and men presenting higher social support had better self-rated health and higher life satisfaction. High scores in masculine/instrumental trait also proved to be an important predictor of men’s and women’s high life satisfaction and of women’s better self-rated health, whereas the high feminine/expressive trait predicted better self-rated health in the men group. A high educational level was associated in the women’s group with better self-rated health and higher life satisfaction. Conclusions: We conclude that gender and social support are important social determinants of health among older people.
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174
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Becker C, Kirchmaier I, Trautmann ST. Marriage, parenthood and social network: Subjective well-being and mental health in old age. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218704. [PMID: 31339896 PMCID: PMC6656342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenthood, marital status and social networks have been shown to relate to the well-being and mental health of older people. Using a large sample of respondents aged 50 and older from 16 European countries, we identify the associations of well-being and mental health with family status. Making use of detailed social network data of the respondents, we also identify how different social support networks correlate with the well-being and health indicators. We observe positive associations for all network types, over and beyond any direct associations of family status with well-being. Results suggest that non-residential children are important providers of social support for their parents at older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Becker
- Alfred-Weber-Institute for Economics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isadora Kirchmaier
- Alfred-Weber-Institute for Economics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan T. Trautmann
- Alfred-Weber-Institute for Economics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Economics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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175
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Zhao FF, Suhonen R, Katajisto J, Stolt M, Leino-Kilpi H. Association between diabetes-related self-care activities and positive health: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023878. [PMID: 31289048 PMCID: PMC6629405 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to examine the diabetes-related self-care activities (DRSCA) in association with positive health consisting of resilience, subjective well-being (SWB) and disease-related quality of life (DRQoL), and the associations of background information with resilience, SWB and DRQoL. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS A convenience sample of people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was recruited from two tertiary hospitals in eastern China. Self-reported survey data included DRSCA, resilience, SWB, DRQoL, and background information comprising demographics and social support. Data were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression analyses. RESULTS Two hundred and forty-six valid questionnaires were analysed. Among the components of positive health, hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that DRSCA were significantly associated with improved SWB (β=0.140, p=0.020), but not with resilience and DRQoL after adjusting for background information. Participants with higher level of education had higher resilience and men had higher SWB than women. Social support (β=0.186, p=0.003) in Model 1 and resilience (β=0.298, p<0.001) in Model 2 were positively associated with SWB. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated an association between DRSCA and one component of positive health, namely SWB. This finding could help motivate patients to perform DRSCA and to improve SWB in people with T2DM. In addition, the fact that demographics, for example, gender, were associated with SWB and education was associated with resilience also needs to be accommodated when aiming to improve SWB and build resilience. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02594748.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Zhao
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Riitta Suhonen
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital and City of Turku, Welfare Division, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouko Katajisto
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Stolt
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Leino-Kilpi
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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176
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Walsh E, Blake Y, Donati A, Stoop R, von Gunten A. Early Secure Attachment as a Protective Factor Against Later Cognitive Decline and Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:161. [PMID: 31333443 PMCID: PMC6622219 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia is complex and incompletely understood. Interest in a developmental perspective to these pathologies is gaining momentum. An early supportive social environment seems to have important implications for social, affective and cognitive abilities across the lifespan. Attachment theory may help to explain the link between these early experiences and later outcomes. This theory considers early interactions between an infant and its caregiver to be crucial to shaping social behavior and emotion regulation strategies throughout adult life. Furthermore, research has demonstrated that such early attachment experiences can, potentially through epigenetic mechanisms, have profound neurobiological and cognitive consequences. Here we discuss how early attachment might influence the development of affective, cognitive, and neurobiological resources that could protect against cognitive decline and dementia. We argue that social relations, both early and late in life, are vital to ensuring cognitive and neurobiological health. The concepts of brain and cognitive reserve are crucial to understanding how environmental factors may impact cognitive decline. We examine the role that attachment might play in fostering brain and cognitive reserve in old age. Finally, we put forward the concept of affective reserve, to more directly frame the socio-affective consequences of early attachment as protectors against cognitive decline. We thereby aim to highlight that, in the study of aging, cognitive decline and dementia, it is crucial to consider the role of affective and social factors such as attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Walsh
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Blake
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Donati
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ron Stoop
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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177
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178
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Xia M, Yang C. The relationship among social support, self-esteem, affect balance and loneliness in individuals with substance use disorders in China. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:1269-1281. [PMID: 31032982 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the potential mediating role of self-esteem and affect balance on the relationship between social support and loneliness. Respondents were 426 substabce use disorders from the Shifosi and Dalianshan rehab facilities in China who had completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scales, and UCLA Loneliness Scale. The results indicated that self-esteem and affect balance fully mediated the relationship between perceived social support and loneliness and all the paths, ranging from social support through self-esteem and affect balance to loneliness, were significant. Finally, we analyzed possible approaches to decreasing individuals with substance use disorders' loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Xia
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Yang
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- School of Economics and Management, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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179
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Rosenbaum MS, Kim K(K, Ramirez GC, Orejuela AR, Park J. Improving well-being via adaptive reuse: transformative repurposed service organizations. SERVICE INDUSTRIES JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02642069.2019.1615897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Rosenbaum
- Department of Retailing, College of Hospitality, Retailing, and Sports Management, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kathy (Kawon) Kim
- Department of Retailing, College of Hospitality, Retailing, and Sports Management, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Joohyung Park
- Department of Retailing, College of Hospitality, Retailing, and Sports Management, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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180
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Negriff S, Cederbaum JA, Lee DS. Does Social Support Mediate the Association Between Maltreatment Experiences and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2019; 24:203-212. [PMID: 30514100 DOI: 10.1177/1077559518814680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined social support as a mediator between maltreatment experiences (number of victimizations, maltreatment types) and depressive symptoms in adolescence. The data came from the first two time points of a longitudinal study of the effects of maltreatment on adolescent development. The enrolled sample were 454 male and females ( n = 303 maltreated, n = 151 comparison) between 9 and 13 years ( M age = 10.82); Time 2 (T2) occurred approximately 1 year after baseline. Maltreatment data came from case records; participants reported on perceived social support and depressive symptoms. Results from path models indicated that depressive symptoms mediated the association between maltreatment experiences (i.e., physical abuse, neglect, and number of maltreatment victimizations) and family social support. There was no evidence that social support functioned as a mediator. This is the first study to find support for depressive symptoms as a mechanism linking maltreatment with decreased perceived family support. These findings point to the importance of assessing mental health and social support simultaneously to understand the functioning of youth with maltreatment histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Negriff
- 1 Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Julie A Cederbaum
- 2 Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S Lee
- 2 Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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181
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Lai CKY, Chin KCW, Zhang Y, Chan EA. Psychological outcomes of life story work for community-dwelling seniors: A randomised controlled trial. Int J Older People Nurs 2019; 14:e12238. [PMID: 31025828 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Life story work has a long tradition in the caring sciences and has been found to serve a number of psychological functions. The effects of life story work on the psychological well-being of community-dwelling older people were examined in this study. DESIGN AND METHODS For this randomised controlled trial, 244 community-dwelling participants in 17 social centres run by a non-governmental organisation were recruited. The participants were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 124) and control (n = 120) groups. Each member of the intervention group worked with a volunteer to prepare his/her life storybook, while those in the control group participated in a social program. Data were collected at baseline, immediately postintervention, and at three and six months postintervention. The outcomes included measures of life satisfaction, self-esteem, general mental well-being and depressive symptoms. RESULTS No significant interaction effect was observed between the groups over time, except for an improvement in the general mental well-being of the control group at three months postintervention. CONCLUSIONS A comparison of the findings in the literature showed that some positive results were reported for LSW studies conducted in nursing homes, whereas in community studies, the results were not always positive. Life story work for seniors in the community did not have the same positive outcomes as previously observed among nursing home residents. It is possible that the intervention had a greater effect on more deprived individuals. Community-dwelling seniors can be encouraged to participate in social activities, which apparently can lead to similar outcomes. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Clinicians should not assume that similar interventions can have similar effects when delivered in a different setting. Community-dwelling seniors can be encouraged to participate in social activities, which can also promote psychological wellbeing similar to to the effects of activities related to life story work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia K Y Lai
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenny C W Chin
- Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Royal Statistical Society, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Engle Angela Chan
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Obst P, Shakespeare-Finch J, Krosch DJ, Rogers EJ. Reliability and validity of the Brief 2-Way Social Support Scale: an investigation of social support in promoting older adult well-being. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119836020. [PMID: 30886714 PMCID: PMC6415481 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119836020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to explore the relationship between well-being and perceived stress, and the functional dimensions of social support in older adults. Method Data from 306 older adults were obtained in a survey containing the two-way Social Support Scale (2-Way SSS). Also, a subset of the sample (N = 165) was filled out with measures of well-being and perceived stress, and a follow-up survey was completed 3 months later (N = 111). Results Confirmatory factor analyses and reliability analyses provide evidence for a 12-item Brief 2-Way SSS as a reliable and valid measure of the four domains of Social Support. Correlations and regression analyses indicated the scale displayed good concurrent and predictive validity across time points, with receiving emotional support positively associated with well-being at Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2), and Receiving Instrumental Support negatively associated with perceived stress at TI and T2. Conclusions This study provides support for the importance of examining the influence of separable elements of social support on psychological outcomes in older adults. The Brief 2-Way SSS was found to have good psychometric properties in this sample of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Obst
- The School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Jane Shakespeare-Finch
- The School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel J Krosch
- The School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Rogers
- The School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
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183
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Siedlecki KL, Yazdani N, Minahan J, Falzarano F. Examining processing speed as a predictor of subjective well-being across age and time in the German Aging Survey. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2019; 27:66-82. [PMID: 30822256 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2019.1585514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to examine the associations between cognition, measured via the Digit Symbol Substitution Task, and subjective well-being (measured using the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Positive and Negative Affect scale) in a community-based sample of middle-aged and older adults. Specifically, we examined both the cross-sectional and the longitudinal relationships between processing speed and subjective well-being. Data are from participants between 40-85 years-old (at baseline) who participated in the German Aging Survey across four waves. Results showed that processing speed was a weak but consistent predictor of positive affect, while age was associated with decreases in negative affect and positive affect, and increases in life satisfaction cross-sectionally. Conversely, cross-lagged panel analyses showed that the temporal relationship between processing speed and positive affect was close to zero, and non-significant. The results of this study shed additional light on the relationship between subjective well-being and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neshat Yazdani
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jillian Minahan
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
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184
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Veerman L, Heppe E, Gold D, Kef S. Intra- and Interpersonal Factors in Adolescence Predicting Loneliness among Young Adults with Visual Impairments. JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x18818615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Youths with visual impairments (i.e., blindness or low vision) experience difficulties with forming and maintaining social relationships with peers. These difficulties challenge their psychosocial functioning and put them at risk of being lonelier later in life. The study’s primary goal was to investigate how intra- and interpersonal factors during adolescence influence Loneliness in young adulthood. Methods: Analyses were conducted on data from a national data set. Participants ( N = 96) were interviewed at two different time points. General linear regression and mediation analyses were used to examine the role of social competence, personality, and satisfaction with social support, measured at mean age 17.83, and on Loneliness measured at mean age 23.45. Results: Analyses showed that adolescents with visual impairments who were more emotionally stable and had higher social competence during adolescence were less lonely later in life. In addition, the results showed that emotionally unstable adolescents reported lower social competence and, therefore, were lonelier in young adulthood. Discussion: These findings indicate that factors connected to Loneliness in young adulthood include people’s personality traits and their level of social competence at a younger age. Implications for practitioners: Knowing the underlying causes of an individual’s Loneliness assists practitioners in selecting what type of intervention would be suitable for addressing these issues. Those with low social skills benefit more from social skills training and those with negative biases of their own functioning profit more from interventions based on cognitive approaches. Screening methods could be used in order to determine these underlying issues and personality structure, before assigning persons to specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Veerman
- SEIN Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Epilepsy and Disabilities, Cruquius, North Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Eline Heppe
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sabina Kef
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Bartiméus, Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Visual Impairments, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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185
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Chu ML, Creed PA, Conlon EG. Work–Study Boundary Congruence, Contextual Supports, and Proactivity in University Students Who Work: A Moderated-Mediation Model. JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0894845319830253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Informed by role boundary congruence, person–environment fit, and conservation of resources theories, this study tested a cross-sectional, moderated-mediation model of work–study boundary congruence in working tertiary students ( N = 401). In this model, contextual supports (family and workplace) were associated with well-being, academic performance, and employability, and these relationships were mediated by boundary congruence and were conditional on level of proactivity. The study found that family support (FS) was related to better well-being, academic performance, and employability, whereas workplace support was related to better academic performance. Boundary congruence mediated between FS and the three outcomes and also mediated between workplace support and academic performance. The mediated relationships were stronger when proactivity was lower. The study demonstrated that work–study boundary congruence is a potential mechanism for explaining the relationships between contextual supports and student outcomes and showed that these relationships were conditional on the person factor of proactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moong L. Chu
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter A. Creed
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G. Conlon
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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186
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Abstract
The development of smart cities has greatly improved the living and working environment of urban residents, but whether it can enhance the happiness of urban residents is a controversial topic. In this study, we investigate residents’ experiences of obtaining information, services and networks in smart cities from the aspects of safety, usefulness and convenience, and empirically explore their relationship with residents’ subjective well-being (SWB). The results show that residents’ safety, usefulness and convenience experiences of obtaining information, services and networks in smart cities all have positive impacts on their SWB, and the relationship between residents’ safety experience and SWB is, to a certain extent, mediated by their usefulness and convenience experiences.
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187
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Ioannou M, Kassianos AP, Symeou M. Coping With Depressive Symptoms in Young Adults: Perceived Social Support Protects Against Depressive Symptoms Only Under Moderate Levels of Stress. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2780. [PMID: 30692958 PMCID: PMC6340372 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The interrelationship between social support, depressive symptoms, stress and self-esteem in young adults remains unclear. This study aims to test the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between social support and depressive symptoms and the moderating role of perceived stress in the relationship between the two. This is important to inform components of future intervention development targeting youth depression. Methods: Three hundred forty-four (N = 344) young adults in Cyprus aged 17–26 (78% female) completed measures of self-esteem, social support, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress. Structural equation models were used to examine the interactions between social support and depressive psychopathology, whereas mediational analyses were run to examine the mediating role of self-esteem. Latent moderated mediation models were applied to examine the potentially moderating role of perceived stress. Results: Perceived social support from family and friends were significantly related to lower depressive symptoms. Self-esteem fully mediated the relationship between perceived family support and depressive symptoms. Perceived stress moderated the model, and perceived social support was found to be more protective against depressive symptoms when moderate levels of stress were presented. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that social support is protective against depressive symptoms. Self-esteem and perceived stress are important mechanisms that interact with this effect. Implications include the efforts to increase perceived family support during college years and management of stress levels before working with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myria Ioannou
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Angelos P Kassianos
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Symeou
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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188
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Aboobaker N, Edward M, K.A. Z. Workplace spirituality, employee wellbeing and intention to stay. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/ijem-02-2018-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of workplace spirituality on employee well-being and intention to stay with the organization among teachers in technical higher education institutions. Furthermore, the study endeavors to test the difference in model estimates across two groups of teachers who differ in their intentional career choice.Design/methodology/approachThis descriptive study was conducted amongst a sample of 523 teachers working in technical educational institutions in India. Self-reporting questionnaires were administered among the respondents, who were selected through purposive sampling method. Structural equation modeling and multi-group analysis were done to test the hypotheses.FindingsAnalysis revealed that workplace spirituality enhanced employee well-being and intention to stay. Differences were observed on the effects of different dimensions of workplace spirituality on job outcomes. Also, teachers’ intentional career choice was found to moderate these relationships.Originality/valueThis study is pioneering in conceptualizing and testing a theoretical model linking workplace spirituality, employee well-being and intention to stay, particularly in the context of teachers who differ in their intentional career choice. Implications with regard to the experience of workplace spirituality and job outcomes in the specific context of teaching are elaborated, thus striving to fill a gap in existing literature.
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189
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Heilat MQ, Seifert T. Mental motivation, intrinsic motivation and their relationship with emotional support sources among gifted and non-gifted Jordanian adolescents. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2019.1587131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Q. Heilat
- Department of Physiology and Special Education Al-Salt, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - T. Seifert
- Faculty of Education, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
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190
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Yang C, Zhou Y, Cao Q, Xia M, An J. The Relationship Between Self-Control and Self-Efficacy Among Patients With Substance Use Disorders: Resilience and Self-Esteem as Mediators. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:388. [PMID: 31249535 PMCID: PMC6582546 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While substance use disorder is one of the overarching health and social issues that might seriously disrupt individuals' self-control and self-efficacy, most previous studies have been conducted among university students or other groups, and little is known about how the underlying mechanisms between self-control and self-efficacy might impact patients with substance use disorders. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate how resilience and self-esteem mediate the relationships between self-control and self-efficacy among patients with substance use disorders. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 298 patients with substance use disorder from Shifosi rehab in China. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Edition)-based diagnostic questionnaires were used to collect demographic information and assess addiction severity. The Dual-Modes of Self-Control Scale (DMSC-S) was implemented to measure self-control, while self-esteem was measured using the Self-esteem Scale (SES). The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was used to measure resilience, and self-efficacy was measured by the regulatory emotional self-efficacy scale (RESE). Results: The correlations between all the dimensions and total scores on the self-control, resilience, self-esteem, and self-efficacy were significantly positive (p < 0.01), indicating that they could predict patients' self-efficacy. Bootstrap testing indicated that resilience and self-esteem fully mediated the relationship between self-control and self-efficacy, relationships between self-control and self-esteem were partially mediated by resilience, and resilience partially mediated the relationship between self-esteem and self-efficacy. Finally, the multiple-group analysis indicated that the relationships among self-control, resilience, self-esteem, and self-efficiency did not differ with respect to gender. Conclusions: The path from self-control through resilience and self-esteem and on to self-efficacy is significant among patients with substance use disorders, suggesting that increasing self-control, resilience, and self-esteem can improve self-efficacy among patients with substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Yang
- School of Economics and Management, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, China.,School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - You Zhou
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Qilong Cao
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Business School, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Mengfan Xia
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing An
- School of Economics and Management, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, China.,School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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191
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Pérez-Benito FJ, Villacampa-Fernández P, Conejero JA, García-Gómez JM, Navarro-Pardo E. A happiness degree predictor using the conceptual data structure for deep learning architectures. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 168:59-68. [PMID: 29183649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Happiness is a universal fundamental human goal. Since the emergence of Positive Psychology, a major focus in psychological research has been to study the role of certain factors in the prediction of happiness. The conventional methodologies are based on linear relationships, such as the commonly used Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR), which may suffer from the lack of representative capacity to the varied psychological features. Using Deep Neural Networks (DNN), we define a Happiness Degree Predictor (H-DP) based on the answers to five psychometric standardized questionnaires. METHODS A Data-Structure driven architecture for DNNs (D-SDNN) is proposed for defining a HDP in which the network architecture enables the conceptual interpretation of psychological factors associated to happiness. Four different neural network configurations have been tested, varying the number of neurons and the presence or absence of bias in the hidden layers. Two metrics for evaluating the influence of conceptual dimensions have been defined and computed: one quantifies the influence weight of the conceptual dimension in absolute terms and the other one pinpoints the direction (positive or negative) of the influence. MATERIALS A cross-sectional survey targeting non-institutionalized adult population residing in Spain was completed by 823 cases. The total of 111 elements of the survey are grouped by socio-demographic data and by five psychometric scales (Brief COPE Inventory, EPQR-A, GHQ-28, MOS-SSS and SDHS) measuring several psychological factors acting one as the outcome (SDHS) and the four others as predictors. RESULTS Our D-SDNN approach provided a better outcome (MSE: 1.46·10-2) than MLR (MSE: 2.30·10-2), hence improving by 37% the predictive accuracy, and allowing to simulate the conceptual structure. CONCLUSIONS We observe a better performance of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) with respect to traditional methodologies. This demonstrates its capability to capture the conceptual structure for predicting happiness degree through psychological variables assessed by standardized questionnaires. It also permits to estimate the influence of each factor on the outcome without assuming a linear relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Pérez-Benito
- Biomedical Data Science Lab. Instituto de Aplicaciones de las Tecnologías de la Información y de las Comunicaciones Avanzadas (ITACA), Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain.
| | - Patricia Villacampa-Fernández
- Instituto Universitario de Matemática Pura y Aplicada, Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain; Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universitat de Valéncia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez, 21, Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | - J Alberto Conejero
- Instituto Universitario de Matemática Pura y Aplicada, Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain.
| | - Juan M García-Gómez
- Biomedical Data Science Lab. Instituto de Aplicaciones de las Tecnologías de la Información y de las Comunicaciones Avanzadas (ITACA), Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain.
| | - Esperanza Navarro-Pardo
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universitat de Valéncia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez, 21, Valencia 46010, Spain.
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192
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Law E, Levesque JV, Lambert S, Girgis A. The "sphere of care": A qualitative study of colorectal cancer patient and caregiver experiences of support within the cancer treatment setting. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209436. [PMID: 30586391 PMCID: PMC6306237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer is associated with considerable physical and psychosocial burden. Whilst social support is known to facilitate psychological adjustment to cancer, patients’ and caregivers’ experiences of social support within a treatment setting and their perceptions of the role of the treating team in providing this support is unknown. Specifically, there is a gap in the research that explores in detail who people affected by colorectal cancer consider to be supportive, and the function, timing and nature of this support, whilst receiving treatment. This study explored both patients’ and caregivers’ a) experiences of social support and how this relates to their experience of treatment; and b) what facilitates support in the treatment setting. Methods Individual interviews (N = 20) were conducted with patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and caregivers of such patients. Audiotaped interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using the framework method. Results Three major themes emerged from the data: a) treating team as a source of support, highlighting the importance of connection with the treating team; b) changes in existing social supports, encompassing issues regarding distance in interpersonal relationships as a consequence of cancer; and c) differing dimensions of support, exploring the significance of shared experience, practical, financial, and emotional support. Conclusions Patients and caregivers perceived the treating team as a major source of support. Support from the treating team was particularly important in the context of the changes that occur as a result of a diagnosis of colorectal cancer and the effects of subsequent treatment. Incidental support from others encountered in the treatment setting was also experienced and was equally important to both patients and caregivers. This has implications for the way health care professionals respond to both patients and caregivers in the treatment setting in terms of communication, interventions and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Law
- ACT Health, Canberra, Australia
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Liverpool, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Janelle V. Levesque
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Sylvie Lambert
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Afaf Girgis
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Liverpool, Australia
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193
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Joshanloo M, Jovanović V. Similarities and differences in predictors of life satisfaction across age groups: A 150-country study. J Health Psychol 2018; 26:401-411. [PMID: 30565495 DOI: 10.1177/1359105318819054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used multi-level modeling in a sample of 952,739 adults across 150 countries to investigate age differences in demographic, psychological, and social predictors of life satisfaction. Based on percentiles of age distribution, the sample was categorized into five age groups (15-24, 25-33, 34-43, 44-57, and ⩾58). The predictors were generally more effective in predicting life satisfaction in older groups (i.e. age ⩾34 years) than in younger groups (i.e. age ⩽33 years). Although the determinants of life satisfaction were generally consistent across the lifespan, the study unraveled differences in the predictive power of some of the predictors across the age groups.
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194
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Lima L, Santos C, Bastos C, Guerra M, Martins MM, Costa P. Adaptation and validation of the Instrumental Expressive Social Support Scale in Portuguese older individuals. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2018; 26:e3096. [PMID: 30517583 PMCID: PMC6280181 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.2647.3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective to adapt and validate the Instrumental Expressive Social Support Scale (IESS) in a sample of older people. Method methodological study. The sample of 964 community-dwelling older people was randomly divided into two groups. The first group was used as a calibration sample to study the number of factors underlying social support through Principal Axis Factoring, and the second group as a validation sample to test the “best fit” model through Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results exploratory Factor Analysis suggested a three-factor solution, which was confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The factors were similar to those in the pre-existing dimensions of the original instrument and were named as Sense of control (α = 0.900), Financial support (α = 0.802), Familiar and socio-affective support (α = 0.778). Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed acceptable fit. The model’s goodness-of-fit indexes were satisfactory (χ2/df = 5.418; CFI = 0.903; NFI = 0.884; RMSEA = 0.098). The convergent validity was supported by associations between social support and medication adherence and positive affect. The discriminant validity was evidenced by association with negative affect. The reliability analysis showed high values of internal consistency. Conclusion the instrument proved to be a valid measure for the assessment of social support in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Lima
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Portugal
| | - Célia Santos
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Portugal
| | - Celeste Bastos
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Portugal
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195
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Almquist YB, Landstedt E, Hammarström A. Associations between social support and depressive symptoms: social causation or social selection-or both? Eur J Public Health 2018; 27:84-89. [PMID: 28177442 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ylva B Almquist
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evelina Landstedt
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Norrland University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Hammarström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Norrland University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
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196
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Perla A V. The link between allergic disease and depression in young adults: A structural equation modelling analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.17352/2455-5460.000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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197
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Cao Q, Lu B. Mediating and moderating effects of loneliness between social support and life satisfaction among empty nesters in China. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-0019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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198
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Spek V, Nefs G, Mommersteeg PMC, Speight J, Pouwer F, Denollet J. Type D personality and social relations in adults with diabetes: results from diabetes MILES - The Netherlands. Psychol Health 2018; 33:1456-1471. [PMID: 30295085 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2018.1508684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether individual differences in Type D personality (combination of negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI)) could explain heterogeneity in perceived social support and relationship adjustment (intimate partner relationship) among people living with diabetes. DESIGN In the Diabetes MILES-The Netherlands survey, 621 adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (54% female, age: 56 ± 14 years) completed measures of Type D personality (DS14), perceived social support and relationship adjustment. We used established DS14 cut-off scores to indicate Type D personality, high NA only, high SI only and reference groups. RESULTS Participants from the Type D and NA only groups perceived lower levels of social support (Welch[3,259] = 37.27, p < 0.001), and relationship adjustment (Welch[3,191] = 14.74; p < 0.01) than those from the SI only and reference groups. Type D was associated with lower social support (lowest quartile; adjusted OR = 8.73; 95%CI = 5.05 ∼ 15.09; p < 0.001) and lower relationship adjustment (lowest quartile; adjusted OR = 3.70; 95%CI = 2.10 ∼ 6.53; p < 0.001). Type D was also associated with increased levels of loneliness. CONCLUSION Participants with Type D and participants with high NA only tend to experience less social support and less relationship adjustment. Type D personality was also associated with more loneliness. Experiencing lower social support and relationship adjustment may complicate coping and self-management in people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Spek
- a CoRPS , Tilburg University , Tilburg , The Netherlands
| | - Giesje Nefs
- a CoRPS , Tilburg University , Tilburg , The Netherlands.,b Department of Medical Psychology , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.,c Diabeter, National diabetes treatment center for children, adolescents and young adults , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | | | - Jane Speight
- d School of Psychology , Deakin University , Geelong , VIC , Australia.,e The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes , Melbourne VIC , Australia
| | - Frans Pouwer
- e The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes , Melbourne VIC , Australia.,f University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Johan Denollet
- a CoRPS , Tilburg University , Tilburg , The Netherlands
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199
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Welton-Mitchell C, James LE, Khanal SN, James AS. An integrated approach to mental health and disaster preparedness: a cluster comparison with earthquake affected communities in Nepal. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:296. [PMID: 30223822 PMCID: PMC6142392 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1863-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On 25th April 2015, Nepal experienced a 7.8 magnitude earthquake, followed by countless aftershocks. Nearly 9000 people were killed and over 600,000 homes destroyed. Given the high frequency of earthquake and other natural hazards in Nepal, disaster preparedness is crucial. However, evidence suggests that some people exposed to prior disasters do not engage in risk reduction, even when they receive training and have adequate resources. Mental health symptoms, including those associated with prior disaster exposure, may influence engagement in preparedness. Perceived preparedness for future disasters may in turn influence mental health. Social cohesion may influence both mental health and preparedness. METHODS We developed and tested a hybrid mental health and disaster preparedness intervention in two earthquake-affected communities in Nepal (N = 240), about 2.5 months after the April 25th, 2015 earthquake. The 3-day intervention was culturally adapted, facilitated by trained Nepalese clinicians and focused on enhancing disaster preparedness, mental health, and community cohesion. Communities were selected based on earthquake impacts and matched on demographic variables. The intervention was administered initially to one community, followed by the other receiving the intervention shortly thereafter. Survey data was collected across three time points. Focus groups were also conducted to examine intervention impact. RESULTS At pre-intervention baseline, greater depression symptoms and lower social cohesion were associated with less disaster preparedness. Depression and PTSD were associated with lower social cohesion. Participation in the intervention increased disaster preparedness, decreased depression- and PTSD-related symptoms, and increased social cohesion. Mediation models indicated that the effect of intervention on depression was partially explained by preparedness. The effect of the intervention on disaster preparedness was partially explained by social cohesion, and the effect of intervention on depression and on PTSD was also partially explained by social cohesion. Data from focus groups illuminate participant perspectives on components of the intervention associated with preparedness, mental health and social cohesion. CONCLUSIONS This mental health integrated disaster preparedness intervention is effective in enhancing resilience among earthquake-affected communities in Nepal. This brief, cost-effective group intervention has the potential to be scaled up for use with other communities vulnerable to earthquakes and other natural hazards. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Registry-India, National Institute of Medical Statistics. Registration number: CTRI/2018/02/011688. http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/login.php Retrospectively registered February 5th, 2018. First participant enrolled July 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Welton-Mitchell
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado-Boulder, 483 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0483, USA.
| | - Leah Emily James
- 0000000096214564grid.266190.aInstitute of Behavioral Science, Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado-Boulder, 483 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0483 USA
| | - Shree Niwas Khanal
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization – Nepal, GPO Box 8974/CPC Box 612, Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Alexander Scott James
- 0000000096214564grid.266190.aInstitute of Behavioral Science, Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado-Boulder, 483 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0483 USA
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200
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Promoting Wellness in People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Through Relationships. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40474-018-0144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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