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Demirtas M. Evaluation of energy use and carbon dioxide emissions from the consumption of fossil fuels and agricultural chemicals for paste tomato cultivation in the Bursa region of Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:27132-27146. [PMID: 33502709 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the fossil fuel consumption, energy use, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in per unit production area (ha) considering the petroleum products (PP) directly used and the chemical fertilizers and pesticides for the cultivation of paste tomatoes in open-field conditions in Bursa region of Turkey. The primary data of the study consisted of data collected by making face-to-face surveys with the producers of paste tomatoes in the Bursa region. The direct energy inputs and CO2 emissions related to diesel fuel and lubricant oil consumptions of engines of agricultural tractors for cultivation operations and the indirect energy inputs and CO2 emissions related to the manufacturing of chemical fertilizers and plant growth regulators used for plant nutrition and pesticides used for plant protection were determined for paste tomato cultivation. A total of 288.6 L diesel fuel and 0.067 L lubrication oil are consumed per hectare when using tools and machinery in paste tomato production. A total of 408 kg of chemical fertilizers and 15.5 kg of pesticides are used per hectare in paste tomato production in the Bursa region of Turkey. A total of 2343.45 MJ/ha and 2700.5 MJ/ha indirect energy is used in the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, respectively. A total of 792.43 kg and 0.189 kg CO2 is released as a result of diesel fuel and lubricant oil consumptions. For the production of one kilogram of paste tomato, 2.68 grams (g) diesel fuel and lubricating oil, 175.02 kilojoules (kJ) of energy is consumed, and 15.88 g CO2 is released in the Bursa region of Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Demirtas
- General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Universities district, Dumlupınar avenue, Eskisehir road 10. km, Cankaya, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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152
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Kavanagh S, Henry M, Stout JC, White B. Neonicotinoid residues in honey from urban and rural environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:28179-28190. [PMID: 33528772 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues in honey can negatively affect bee health. Although recent studies have detected neonicotinoid residues in honeys from around the world, little is known about how residues relate to land use and vegetation composition. To investigate potential relationships, we sampled multi-floral honey from 30 Apis mellifera hives from urban, agricultural and semi-natural habitats (SNH), identified and quantified three neonicotinoids present (clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiacloprid) using UHPLC-MS, and classified surrounding land use up to 5 km around hive sites. Neonicotinoids were most frequently detected in honeys from hives in agricultural habitats, and 70% of all samples contained at least one of the three neonicotinoid compounds. Imidacloprid was the most frequently detected neonicotinoid (found in 43% of honey samples) followed by clothianidin (40%) and thiacloprid (37%). Almost half (48%) of samples contained at least two neonicotinoids, and two of the 30 samples contained all three. Clothianidin and thiacloprid were more frequently detected in honeys from urban habitats, highlighting that exposure to pesticides does not just occur in agricultural settings. This suggests that pesticide use in urban domestic, sport and amenity contexts, given potential exposure of bees and other pollinators, needs urgent consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saorla Kavanagh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Republic of Ireland.
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Republic of Ireland
| | - Jane C Stout
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Republic of Ireland
| | - Blánaid White
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Republic of Ireland
- DCU Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Republic of Ireland
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153
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Menon M, Mohanraj R, Sujata W. Monitoring of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Water-Soil Systems Along the Agro-Landscapes of the Cauvery Delta Region, South India. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:1065-1070. [PMID: 33877372 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The prophylactic use of neonicotinoids in paddy fields has raised concern due to its toxicity to ecological systems and human health. The present study evaluated the concentrations of neonicotinoids such as clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid in the water-soil systems of the paddy fields, and their potential discharge into the groundwater along the Cauvery delta region, South India. Though neonicotinoids are extensively sprayed in the paddy fields, the concentration of residues analyzed by QuEChERS, combined with LC-MS/MS found no detectable residues at concentrations above LOD. The LOD and the LOQ values for water and soil were 0.001 ppm and 0.0025 ppm and 0.025 ppm and 0.05 ppm respectively. The results of the study found that neonicotinoids are less persistent in the water-soil systems of the delta region as they are readily exposed to photolysis and undergo rapid microbial degradation. Further, the hydropedological characteristics of the highly saturated delta soil facilitate ready leaching followed by vertical migration and infiltration into the soil aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Menon
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Rangaswamy Mohanraj
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
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154
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Vinha GL, Plata-Rueda A, Soares MA, Zanuncio JC, Serrão JE, Martínez LC. Deltamethrin-Mediated Effects on Locomotion, Respiration, Feeding, and Histological Changes in the Midgut of Spodoptera frugiperda Caterpillars. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12060483. [PMID: 34067273 PMCID: PMC8224794 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Spodoptera frugiperda is controlled mainly with chemical insecticides. Toxicity, survival, respiration, mobility, anti-feeding effect, and histology of the midgut of S. frugiperda caterpillars exposed to deltamethrin were evaluated. Deltamethrin was toxic to third-instar caterpillars, decreasing survival. The insecticide reduces the respiratory rate and food consumption, and causes repellency. Exposure to deltamethrin causes histological alterations in the midgut, damaging the digestive cells and peritrophic matrix. Deltamethrin is toxic to S. frugiperda caterpillars, causing mortality, alteration of locomotor behavior, reduced respiration and feeding, and irreversible damage to the midgut epithelium. Abstract Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the main pest of maize crops, and effective methods for pest management are needed. The insecticidal efficacy of deltamethrin was evaluated against S. frugiperda for toxicity, survival, locomotion, anti-feeding, and histological changes in the midgut. Concentration–mortality bioassays confirmed that deltamethrin (LC50 = 3.58 mg mL−1) is toxic to S. frugiperda caterpillars. The survival rate was 99.7% in caterpillars not exposed to deltamethrin, decreasing to 50.3% in caterpillars exposed to LC50, and 0.1% in caterpillars treated with LC90. Spodoptera frugiperda demonstrated reduced mobility on deltamethrin-treated surfaces. Deltamethrin promoted a low respiration rate of S. frugiperda for up to 3 h after insecticide exposure, displaying immobilization and inhibiting food consumption. Deltamethrin induces histological alterations (e.g., disorganization of the striated border, cytoplasm vacuolization, and cell fragmentation) in the midgut, damaging the digestive cells and peritrophic matrix, affecting digestion and nutrient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano Lopes Vinha
- Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570000, Brazil;
| | - Angelica Plata-Rueda
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570000, Brazil; (A.P.-R.); (J.C.Z.)
| | - Marcus Alvarenga Soares
- Department of Crop Production, Federal University of Vales Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina 39100000, Brazil;
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570000, Brazil; (A.P.-R.); (J.C.Z.)
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570000, Brazil;
| | - Luis Carlos Martínez
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570000, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-31-3899-4012
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155
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Bee and Beekeeping Research in a Rapidly Changing World: Advancements and Challenges. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113066. [PMID: 34063780 PMCID: PMC8196620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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156
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Valbuena D, Cely-Santos M, Obregón D. Agrochemical pesticide production, trade, and hazard: Narrowing the information gap in Colombia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 286:112141. [PMID: 33676136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are a major tool for the intensification of agriculture, and helped to increase food, feed and biofuel production. Yet, there are persistent concerns about the negative effects of pesticides in human health and the environment, particularly in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Given the lack of information on pesticide exposure and hazard, Colombia exemplifies the need to narrow the information gap on pesticide risk in LMICs. We assessed pesticide hazard in Colombia based on the official toxicity categorization, compared it to more integral international standards, and identified main actions to narrow this information gap. Results showed that Colombia has been a relevant regional actor in pesticide production and trade, reaching almost 75 million kilogrammes and liters sold in 2016. Based on acute toxicity for humans, a quarter of the amount of pesticides sales and imports, and a third of the exports in 2016 ranged from moderately to extremenly toxic. The top-selling agrochemicals in 2016 (glyphosate with 14% of the total sales, chlorpyrifos 7.5% and mancozeb 6.9%) are also commonly used in other countries, reflecting a homogenized global industry. Compared to integral international categorizations, we found that for that year 63% of the pesticides sold with slightly acute toxicity are actually considered highly hazardous pesticides (HHP) for humans or the environment, evidencing the need to use a more integral hazard categorization in the country. Narrowing the information gap in pesticide use and associated risks demands a transparent process of knowledge creation and sharing, including funtional information and monitoring systems. This should be part of an integral assessment and regulation that better defines HHP, their production and trade to reduce pesticide risk while informing a transition towards sustainable food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Valbuena
- Land Use Planning Group, Wageningen University, the Netherlands.
| | - Marcela Cely-Santos
- Ciencias Sociales y Saberes de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Colombia
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157
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Bruzaca EES, de Oliveira RC, Duarte MSS, Sousa CP, Morais S, Correia AN, de Lima-Neto P. Electrochemical sensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes for imidacloprid determination. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:2124-2136. [PMID: 33876058 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A simple and robust sensor (fMWCNT-Nafion®0.5%/GCE) for determination of imidacloprid (IMI), a widely used neonicotinoid, was developed using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (fMWCNT) and Nafion®. The obtained data suggest that IMI reduction is an irreversible process, due to the reduction of the nitro group to hydroxylamine derivatives, with the participation of two protons and four electrons, and a charge transfer coefficient of 0.141. The optimized square-wave voltammetric conditions were: McIlvaine buffer at pH 6.0, 0.5% of Nafion® in the fMWCNT suspension, -0.6 V and 180 s as accumulation potential and time, respectively. A linearity in the range of 2.00 × 10-7 to 1.77 × 10-6 mol L-1 IMI, with the values of limit of detection and limit of quantification were equal to 3.74 × 10-8 mol L-1 and 1.25 × 10-7 mol L-1, respectively. Repeatability and reproducibility displayed relative standard deviations lower than 5%. Recovery tests performed in tap water, melon, and shrimp yielded mean values of 94 ± 6%, 97 ± 10% and 93 ± 10%, respectively. Moreover, several inorganic and organic compounds did not significantly interfere (0.6 to 4.5%) on the IMI signal, proving the selectivity and applicability of the developed sensor for IMI detection in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evellin E S Bruzaca
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Raissa C de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Mateus S S Duarte
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Camila P Sousa
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriana N Correia
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Pedro de Lima-Neto
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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158
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A window to the world of global insect declines: Moth biodiversity trends are complex and heterogeneous. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2002549117. [PMID: 33431565 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002549117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Moths are the most taxonomically and ecologically diverse insect taxon for which there exist considerable time-series abundance data. There is an alarming record of decreases in moth abundance and diversity from across Europe, with rates varying markedly among and within regions. Recent reports from Costa Rica reveal steep cross-lineage declines of caterpillars, while other sites (Ecuador and Arizona, reported here) show no or only modest long-term decreases over the past two decades. Rates of decline for dietary and ecological specialists are steeper than those for ecologically generalized taxa. Additional traits commonly associated with elevated risks include large wingspans, small geographic ranges, low dispersal ability, and univoltinism; taxa associated with grasslands, aridlands, and nutrient-poor habitats also appear to be at higher risk. In temperate areas, many moth taxa limited historically by abiotic factors are increasing in abundance and range. We regard the most important continental-scale stressors to include reductions in habitat quality and quantity resulting from land-use change and climate change and, to a lesser extent, atmospheric nitrification and introduced species. Site-specific stressors include pesticide use and light pollution. Our assessment of global macrolepidopteran population trends includes numerous cases of both region-wide and local losses and studies that report no declines. Spatial variation of reported losses suggests that multiple stressors are in play. With the exception of recent reports from Costa Rica, the most severe examples of moth declines are from Northern Hemisphere regions of high human-population density and intensive agriculture.
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159
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Opinion: Eight simple actions that individuals can take to save insects from global declines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2002547117. [PMID: 33431563 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002547117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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160
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Galon L, Bragagnolo L, Korf EP, Dos Santos JB, Barroso GM, Ribeiro VHV. Mobility and environmental monitoring of pesticides in the atmosphere - a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-14258-x. [PMID: 33959837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the partition mechanisms in the agrochemical environment is fundamental for understanding their behavior within an ecosystem and mitigating possible adverse effects of these products. In this review, the objective was to present the main transport mechanisms, physical-chemical properties, and atmospheric monitoring methodologies of the most diverse types of agrochemicals used in agriculture that can reach the atmosphere and affect different compartments. It has been verified that volatilization is one of more considerable significance of the various forms of transport since a significant part of the applied pesticides can volatilize in a few days. As for monitoring these compounds in the atmosphere, both passive and active sampling have their advantages and disadvantages. Passive samplers allow sampling in large quantities and at remote locations, in addition to making continuous measurements, while active samplers have the advantage of being able to detect low concentrations and continuously. Since a significant portion of the applied pesticides is directed to the atmosphere, monitoring makes it possible to understand some properties of the pesticides present in the air. This monitoring can be done from different existing methodologies based on adopted criteria and existing technical standards. Graphical representation of mobility and environmental monitoring of atmospheric pollutants from pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Galon
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Postgraduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, ERS 135, km 72, n. 200, 99.700-000, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Lucimara Bragagnolo
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Postgraduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, ERS 135, km 72, n. 200, 99.700-000, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pavan Korf
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Postgraduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, ERS 135, km 72, n. 200, 99.700-000, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Barbosa Dos Santos
- Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367, km 583, n. 5000, zip code 39.100-000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Madureira Barroso
- Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367, km 583, n. 5000, zip code 39.100-000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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161
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Associations between pesticide mixtures applied near home during pregnancy and early childhood with adolescent behavioral and emotional problems in the CHAMACOS study. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e150. [PMID: 34131613 PMCID: PMC8196094 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Studies suggest that exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and early childhood is associated with adverse child neurodevelopment. Research to date has focused primarily on exposure to single pesticides or pesticide classes in isolation; there are little data on the effect of exposure to pesticide mixtures on child and adolescent neurodevelopment.
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162
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Saka M, Tada N. Acute and chronic toxicity tests of systemic insecticides, four neonicotinoids and fipronil, using the tadpoles of the western clawed frog Silurana tropicalis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129418. [PMID: 33423002 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of neonicotinoids and fipronil, which are popular systemic insecticides used in Japanese rice paddies, has raised concerns about their impacts on nontarget aquatic organisms such as amphibians. This study employed premetamorphic tadpoles of Silurana tropicalis and addressed the toxicity of four neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, and imidacloprid) and fipronil. Acute toxicity tests were conducted under a 96-h semistatic exposure regime and median lethal concentration (LC50) values were calculated at 24-h intervals. All LC50 values of the four neonicotinoids exceeded 100 mg/L, suggesting their low acute toxicity to amphibians. Fipronil yielded much lower LC50 values (3.00-1.34 mg/L) and was highly toxic compared to the four neonicotinoids. Additionally, exposure to fipronil at >1 mg/L induced axial malformations, suggesting its teratogenicity. However, the LC50 values of fipronil were three orders of magnitude higher than the realistic concentrations in paddy water. Chronic toxicity tests were conducted with morphometric, gravimetric, and thyroid-histological endpoints. Premetamorphic tadpoles were exposed to each insecticide at two test concentrations: 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L for the four neonicotinoids; and 1/100 and 1/10 of the 96-h LC50 value for fipronil. Exposure to each insecticide continued until all tadpoles in the control reached late prometamorphic stages or the initial stage of metamorphic climax. At test termination, all insecticides showed no significant differences in any of the endpoints between the respective controls and chemical exposure groups. Overall, our results suggest that these insecticides alone do not directly affect amphibians through their larval stages at concentrations that likely occur in paddy water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Saka
- Division of Aquatic Environment, Kyoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Murakamicho 395, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8369, Japan.
| | - Noriko Tada
- Division of Aquatic Environment, Kyoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Murakamicho 395, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8369, Japan.
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163
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Thoré ESJ, Brendonck L, Pinceel T. Natural daily patterns in fish behaviour may confound results of ecotoxicological testing. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116738. [PMID: 33611201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low doses of neuroactive chemicals end up in the environment and disrupt behaviour of non-target organisms. Although a whole range of studies have documented pollutant-induced changes in behaviour, natural daily variability in behaviour is rarely taken into account. This is surprising because biological rhythms may affect the outcome of experiments, are adaptive and are expected to be sensitive to neurochemical exposure. Here, we exploit daily behavioural variation in the fish model Nothobranchius furzeri to examine if behavioural effects of chronic exposure (74 days) to an environmentally relevant level (28 ng/L) of the neurochemical fluoxetine depend on the time of day. Fluoxetine exposure induced an increase in anxiety-related behaviour that was slightly more pronounced in the evening compared to the morning. Moreover, open-field locomotor activity was disrupted and daily patterns in activity lifted upon exposure to the compound. These results imply that short-term behavioural variability should be considered both to standardise ecological risk assessment of neuroactive chemicals as well as to better understand the environmental impact of such compounds in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli S J Thoré
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Luc Brendonck
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Tom Pinceel
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
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164
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Tasman K, Rands SA, Hodge JJL. The Power of Drosophila melanogaster for Modeling Neonicotinoid Effects on Pollinators and Identifying Novel Mechanisms. Front Physiol 2021; 12:659440. [PMID: 33967830 PMCID: PMC8096932 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.659440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides in the world and are implicated in the widespread population declines of insects including pollinators. Neonicotinoids target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors which are expressed throughout the insect central nervous system, causing a wide range of sub-lethal effects on non-target insects. Here, we review the potential of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to model the sub-lethal effects of neonicotinoids on pollinators, by utilizing its well-established assays that allow rapid identification and mechanistic characterization of these effects. We compare studies on the effects of neonicotinoids on lethality, reproduction, locomotion, immunity, learning, circadian rhythms and sleep in D. melanogaster and a range of pollinators. We also highlight how the genetic tools available in D. melanogaster, such as GAL4/UAS targeted transgene expression system combined with RNAi lines to any gene in the genome including the different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes, are set to elucidate the mechanisms that underlie the sub-lethal effects of these common pesticides. We argue that studying pollinators and D. melanogaster in tandem allows rapid elucidation of mechanisms of action, which translate well from D. melanogaster to pollinators. We focus on the recent identification of novel and important sublethal effects of neonicotinoids on circadian rhythms and sleep. The comparison of effects between D. melanogaster and pollinators and the use of genetic tools to identify mechanisms make a powerful partnership for the future discovery and testing of more specific insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiah Tasman
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sean A. Rands
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - James J. L. Hodge
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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165
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Knight SM, Flockhart DTT, Derbyshire R, Bosco MG, Norris DR. Experimental field evidence shows milkweed contaminated with a common neonicotinoid decreases larval survival of monarch butterflies. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1742-1752. [PMID: 33837530 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world and can have both lethal and sub-lethal effects on non-target organisms in agricultural areas. Monarch butterflies Danaus plexippus have experienced dramatic declines in recent decades and, given that a large proportion of milkweed on the landscape grows in agricultural areas, there is concern about the negative effects of neonicotinoids on this non-target insect. In the field, we exposed common milkweed Asclepias syriaca, an obligate host plant of monarch butterflies, to agriculturally realistic levels of clothianidin, a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide. We tested whether this treatment influenced the number of eggs laid and larval survival over 2 years. Milkweeds were transplanted into 60 experimental plots alongside a corn crop planted with a clothianidin seed coat and 60 control plots alongside an untreated corn crop. The number of eggs, larvae at each stage (first to fifth instar), and the presence of other arthropods were recorded weekly from June to the end of August and survival from egg to fifth instar was estimated using a Bayesian state-space statistical model. We counted more eggs in treated plots compared to control plots, suggesting a preference for treated milkweed. The number of plots with arthropods did not differ between treatments, but within treated plots, there was a greater decrease in the number of arthropods throughout the season. There was no evidence that monarchs selected plots with fewer arthropods for oviposition. Larval survival was lower in clothianidin-treated plots compared to control plots. Our results suggest milkweed near clothianidin-treated crops can reduce larval survival of monarch butterflies. While we provide some evidence that clothianidin could also act as an ecological trap for this species, further work is needed to identify additional components of fitness, including individual egg-laying rates and survival beyond the pupal stage. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence that neonicotinoids can negatively affect non-target organisms. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Knight
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Nature Conservancy of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D T Tyler Flockhart
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD, USA
| | - Rachael Derbyshire
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Department of Environmental and Life Science, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Mark G Bosco
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - D Ryan Norris
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Nature Conservancy of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
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166
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Nelson PN. A density functional theoretical study of the hydrolysis mechanism of three neonicotinoid based pesticides. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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167
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Poliserpi MB, Cristos DS, Brodeur JC. Imidacloprid seed coating poses a risk of acute toxicity to small farmland birds: A weight-of-evidence analysis using data from the grayish baywing Agelaioides badius. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:142957. [PMID: 33498114 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the risk posed by imidacloprid (IMI) seed coating to passerine birds of the Pampa Region of Argentina using data specifically generated with the grayish baywing (Agelaioides badius). Median lethal dose (LD50) of the IMI-based formulation tested was 57.11 mg IMI/kg body weight (bw), with intoxication signs starting from 20.6 mg IMI/kg bw. The feed intake rate (FIR) was estimated experimentally as 4.895 g/day per bird, representing 12.43% of bw. It was calculated that the ingestion of 7-10% of the FIR as treated seeds would be enough to achieve the LD50 for sorghum, corn, sunflower, and alfalfa, whereas consumption of 31 and 54% of FIR was necessary for oat and wheat, respectively. Based on spill data values available in the literature, it was calculated that, for most crops, a baywing would have to forage an area of field corresponding to less than 60 m2 to obtain the number of seeds required to reach the LD50. It was also shown that this number of seeds is coherent with the amount of seeds ingested in a bout. In a pilot study, all grayish baywings fed with millet seeds treated with 3 g IMI/kg died within three to five days of exposure. In Tier I risk assessment, the trigger value was achieved for all crops except soybean and a weight-of-evidence risk assessment was performed. All lines of evidence examined are consistent with the view that grayish baywings, and probably other small farmland birds, are exposed to a risk of acute toxicity and mortality under both worst-case and mixed-ration exposure scenarios. The possible impacts on bird species calls for an urgent reconsideration of IMI seed coating practices currently approved in the Pampa Region of Argentina and the various parts of the world where this practice is still in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Poliserpi
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Diego Sebastián Cristos
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria (CIA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julie Céline Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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168
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Piner Benli P, Çelik M. Glutathione and its dependent enzymes' modulatory responses to neonicotinoid insecticide sulfoxaflor induced oxidative damage in zebrafish in vivo. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211028361. [PMID: 34176341 PMCID: PMC10454941 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211028361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of neonicotinoid insecticides has progressively increased worldwide when compared with other insecticide groups. Due to this increase, non-target animal species such as fish are exposed to neonicotinoids from different sources, so they can be accumulated at trophic levels and cause various toxic effects by reaching humans. There are limited studies related to the toxic effects of neonicotinoid sulfoximine insecticides including sulfoxaflor on non-target species. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of sulfoxaflor on GSH-related antioxidants and to determine oxidative stress-producing effect of sulfoxaflor in the gill of zebrafish (Danio rerio). For this purpose, three sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor 0.87 mg/L (2.5% of 96 h LC50), 1.75 mg/L (5% of 96 h LC50), 3.51 mg/L (10% of 96 h LC50) of sulfoxaflor were exposed to zebrafish for 24, 48, and 96 h. GSH related antioxidants were evaluated by analyzing tGSH levels and GPx, GR, GST specific enzyme activities in the gill of zebrafish. The oxidative damage of sulfoxaflor on gill cells was determined by measuring TBARS levels. The results of this study demonstrated that sulfoxaflor activated GSH related antioxidants by increasing tGSH levels, GPx, GR enzyme activities and by diminishing GST enzyme activity in the gill of zebrafish. Sulfoxaflor also caused oxidative damage in the gill of zebrafish by increasing lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, this study indicated that sulfoxaflor led to oxidative stress and activation of GSH related antioxidants in the gill of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petek Piner Benli
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Çelik
- Department of Veterinary Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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169
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Katić A, Kašuba V, Kopjar N, Lovaković BT, Marjanović Čermak AM, Mendaš G, Micek V, Milić M, Pavičić I, Pizent A, Žunec S, Želježić D. Effects of low-level imidacloprid oral exposure on cholinesterase activity, oxidative stress responses, and primary DNA damage in the blood and brain of male Wistar rats. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 338:109287. [PMID: 33129804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that acts selectively as an agonist on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used for crop protection worldwide, as well as for non-agricultural uses. Imidacloprid systemic accumulation in food is an important source of imidacloprid exposure. Due to the undisputable need for investigations of imidacloprid toxicity in non-target species, we evaluated the effects of a 28-day oral exposure to low doses of imidacloprid (0.06 mg/kg b. w./day, 0.8 mg/kg b. w./day and 2.25 mg/kg b. w./day) on cholinesterase activity, oxidative stress responses and primary DNA damage in the blood and brain tissue of male Wistar rats. Exposure to imidacloprid did not cause significant changes in total cholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in plasma and brain tissue. Reactive oxygen species levels and lipid peroxidation increased significantly in the plasma of rats treated with the lowest dose of imidacloprid. Activities of glutathione-peroxidase in plasma and brain and superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes increased significantly at the highest applied dose. High performance liquid chromatography with UV diode array detector revealed the presence of imidacloprid in the plasma of all the treated animals and in the brain of the animals treated with the two higher doses. The alkaline comet assay results showed significant peripheral blood leukocyte damage at the lowest dose of imidacloprid and dose-dependent brain cell DNA damage. Oral 28-day exposure to low doses of imidacloprid in rats resulted in detectable levels of imidacloprid in plasma and brain tissue that directly induced DNA damage, particularly in brain tissue, with slight changes in plasma oxidative stress parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Katić
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vilena Kašuba
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blanka Tariba Lovaković
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Marija Marjanović Čermak
- Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Mendaš
- Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Micek
- Animal Breeding Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pavičić
- Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alica Pizent
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Žunec
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Želježić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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170
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Wei F, Wang D, Li H, You J. Joint toxicity of imidacloprid and azoxystrobin to Chironomus dilutus at organism, cell, and gene levels. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 233:105783. [PMID: 33662881 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides occur in the environment as mixtures, yet the joint toxicity of pesticide mixtures remains largely under-explored and is usually overlooked in ecological risk assessment. In the current study, joint toxicity of a neonicotinoid insecticide (imidacloprid, IMI) and a strobilurin fungicide (azoxystrobin, AZO) was investigated with Chironomus dilutus over a wide range of concentrations and at different effect levels (organism, cell, and gene levels). The two pesticides, both individually and in combination, were found to induce oxidative stress and cause lethality in C. dilutus. Median lethal concentrations for IMI and AZO were 3.98 ± 1.17 and 52.9 ± 1.1 μg/L, respectively. Mixtures of the two pesticides presented synergetic effects at environmentally relevant concentrations whilst antagonistic effects at high concentrations, showing concentration-dependent joint toxicity. Investigation on the expressions of 12 genes (cyt b, coi, cox1, cyp4, cyp12m1, cyp9au1, cyp6fv1, cyp315, gst, Zn/Cu-sod, Mn-sod, and cat) revealed that the two pesticides impaired mitochondrial respiration, detoxification, and antioxidant system of C. dilutus, and the joint effects of the two pesticides were likely due to an interplay between their respective influences on these physiological processes. Collectively, the synergistic effects of the two pesticides at environmentally relevant concentrations highlight the importance to incorporate combined toxicity studies into ecological risk assessment of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Wei
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou, 514015, China
| | - Dali Wang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Huizhen Li
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jing You
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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171
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Macaulay SJ, Hageman KJ, Piggott JJ, Matthaei CD. Imidacloprid dominates the combined toxicities of neonicotinoid mixtures to stream mayfly nymphs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143263. [PMID: 33246716 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of the environment with toxic chemicals such as pesticides has become a global problem. Understanding the role of chemical contaminants as stressors in ecological systems is therefore an important research need in the 21st century. In surface freshwaters, mixtures of neonicotinoid insecticides are being detected around the world as more monitoring data become available. Combinations of imidacloprid, clothianidin and thiamethoxam are commonly found, but studies testing their combined toxicities to freshwater invertebrates are rare. Taking a multiple-stressor approach, we employed a full-factorial design to investigate the individual and combined chronic toxicities of these three neonicotinoids in a 28-day laboratory experiment using Deleatidium spp. mayfly nymphs. Imidacloprid (1.2 μg/L achieved concentration) reduced mayfly survival (by 50% on Day 28) and mobility (~100%) more than clothianidin (1.1 μg/L, affecting about 25% of individuals across the responses measured) and thiamethoxam (2.9 μg/L, affecting 12%). Imidacloprid interacted with the other two neonicotinoids to cause a greater-than-additive negative effect when combined until 25 days of exposure, after which the strong negative overall effects of imidacloprid prevented these interactions from being observed. Our findings represent a novel contribution to multiple-stressor research by demonstrating the combined effects of chronic exposure to environmentally relevant neonicotinoid concentrations on an ecologically important stream insect taxon. These results emphasise the higher toxicity of imidacloprid to non-target freshwater insects compared to clothianidin and thiamethoxam, implying that stricter regulation to control the use of imidacloprid may need to be prioritised to protect vulnerable aquatic insect populations that provide key links to terrestrial food webs. Finally, our study provides an ecological, multiple-stressor comparison for related ecotoxicological investigations indicating neonicotinoid mixtures can deviate from additive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Macaulay
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Kimberly J Hageman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0305, USA
| | - Jeremy J Piggott
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Christoph D Matthaei
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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172
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Serrano J, Kolanczyk RC, Blackwell BR, Sheedy BR, Tapper MA. In vitro metabolism assessment of thiacloprid in rainbow trout and rat by LC-UV and high resolution-mass spectrometry. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:536-548. [PMID: 33086928 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1840658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Thiacloprid (THI) is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide where concerns have been raised regarding low absorption by crops, substantial distribution in surrounding areas, and potential adverse effects to terrestrial and aquatic organisms.Prior to this study, there was very limited information addressing the ex vivo (precision-cut liver slices) metabolism of THI by fish species and the metabolic pathways regulating its potential for adverse effects.The in vitro and ex vivo biotransformation pathway of THI is defined by the formation of three primary metabolites (TM1, TM2 and TM3) via separate paths differentiated by reductive decyanation, reductive dechlorination with hydration and dealkylation processes, respectively.Kinetic rates were calculated for the rat microsomal decyanation of THI into TM1 (Km = 299.2 µM and Vmax = 5.3 pmol/min/mg), and for the dealkylation of THI into TM3 (Km = 368.9 µM and Vmax = 3.95 pmol/min/mg).Formation confirmation and identity inference of THI metabolites in absence of standards were achieved by LC-UV and High Resolution-MS strategies.The in vitro and ex vivo metabolic products of THI are conserved both across species (rat and Rainbow trout) and levels of biological organization (microsomes and liver slices), as previously reported for the neonicotinoid insecticides Imidacloprid and Acetamiprid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Serrano
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Richard C Kolanczyk
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Brett R Blackwell
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Barbara R Sheedy
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Mark A Tapper
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, USA
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173
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Frame ST, Pearsons KA, Elkin KR, Saporito LS, Preisendanz HE, Karsten HD, Tooker JF. Assessing surface and subsurface transport of neonicotinoid insecticides from no-till crop fields. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2021; 50:476-484. [PMID: 33368300 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increased use of neonicotinoid-coated crop seeds introduces greater amounts of insecticides into the environment, where they are vulnerable to transport. To understand the transport of neonicotinoids from agricultural fields, we planted maize (Zea mays L.) seeds coated with thiamethoxam in lysimeter plots in central Pennsylvania. Over the next year, we sampled water generated by rainfall and snowmelt and analyzed these samples with mass spectrometry for the neonicotinoids thiamethoxam and clothianidin (metabolite), which originated from the coated seeds. For surface and subsurface transport, thiamethoxam exhibited "first-flush" dynamics, with concentrations highest during the first events following planting and generally decreasing for the remainder of the study. The metabolite clothianidin, however, persisted throughout the study. The mass of thiamethoxam and clothianidin exported during the study period accounted for 1.09% of the mass applied, with more than 90% of the mass transported in subsurface flow and less than 10% in surface runoff. These results suggest that surface runoff, at least for our site, is a relatively small contributor to the overall fate and transport of these insecticides and that the delivery ratio (i.e., mass exported/mass applied) observed for these compounds is similar to those of other trace-level emerging contaminants known to negatively influence aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Frame
- Dep. of Entomology, Merkle Lab., The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kirsten A Pearsons
- Dep. of Entomology, Merkle Lab., The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kyle R Elkin
- USDA-ARS Pasture Systems & Watershed Management Research, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Louis S Saporito
- USDA-ARS Pasture Systems & Watershed Management Research, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Heather E Preisendanz
- Dep. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State Univ., 252 Agricultural Engineering Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Heather D Karsten
- Dep. of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State Univ., 102 Tyson Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - John F Tooker
- Dep. of Entomology, Merkle Lab., The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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174
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Agwunobi DO, Yu Z, Liu J. A retrospective review on ixodid tick resistance against synthetic acaricides: implications and perspectives for future resistance prevention and mitigation. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 173:104776. [PMID: 33771255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ending of the nineteenth-century was characterized by an escalation of ticks and tick-borne diseases that resulted in the death of many cattle. This necessitated the search for an effective means of tick control. Arsenicals were introduced in Australia in 1895, and arsenic-based dipping vats went on to be used for about 40 years until resistance was found in ticks and more effective alternatives - chemical acaricides - were developed after World War II. However, the development of resistance by ticks, environmental persistence, and mammalian toxicity militated against the sustained use of subsequent chemical acaricides. Furthermore, the development of resistance is a phenomenon that would always evolve, and the multiple mechanisms underlying the synthetic acaricides resistance are of great importance for future integrated control of ticks and tick-borne diseases. Hence, this study retrospectively reviewed the development of synthetic acaricides and the underlying mechanisms of tick resistance against synthetic acaricides in the hope of providing the implications and perspectives for resistance prevention and mitigation for future tick control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond O Agwunobi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.
| | - Jingze Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.
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175
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Bonmatin JM, Mitchell EAD, Glauser G, Lumawig-Heitzman E, Claveria F, Bijleveld van Lexmond M, Taira K, Sánchez-Bayo F. Residues of neonicotinoids in soil, water and people's hair: A case study from three agricultural regions of the Philippines. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143822. [PMID: 33246718 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic pesticides such as neonicotinoids are commonly used to treat crops in tropical regions, where data on environmental and human contamination are patchy and make it difficult to assess to what extent pesticides may harm human health, especially in less developed countries. To assess the degree of environmental and human contamination with neonicotinoids we collected soil, water and people's hair in three agricultural regions of the Philippines and analysed them by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS-MS). Five neonicotinoids, namely acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam were targeted. Residues of neonicotinoids were found in 78% of 67 soil samples from the three provinces. Total neonicotinoid loads ranged on average between 0.017 and 0.89 μg/kg in soils of rice, banana and vegetable crops, and were 130 times higher (113.5 μg/kg) in soils of a citrus grove. Imidacloprid was the most prevalent compound at an average of 0.56 μg/kg in soil while thiacloprid was below the limit of detection. Half of the eight water samples from a rice field and nearby creek contained residues of imidacloprid (mean 1.29 ng/L) and one contained thiamethoxam (0.15 ng/L). Residues of neonicotinoids were found in 81% of 99 samples of people's hair from the surveyed regions (average total concentrations 0.14 to 1.18 ng/g, maximum 350 ng/g). Hair residue levels correlated well with the concentrations of thiamethoxam and total residues in soils from the same locality (r = 0.98). The presence of thiacloprid in 15% of the hair samples but not in soil samples suggests an additional route of exposure among people, which is most likely to be through ingestion of agricultural food and drinks available in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Bonmatin
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CS 80054, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Edward A D Mitchell
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Université de Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Neuchâtel Botanical Garden, Chemin du Perthuis-du-Sault 58, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gaëtan Glauser
- Neuchatel Platform of Analytical Chemistry (NPAC), Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Kumiko Taira
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Nishi-ogu 2-1-10, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8567, Japan
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Bayo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 1 Central Avenue, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia.
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176
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Khovarnagh N, Seyedalipour B. Antioxidant, histopathological and biochemical outcomes of short-term exposure to acetamiprid in liver and brain of rat: The protective role of N-acetylcysteine and S-methylcysteine. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:280-289. [PMID: 33981177 PMCID: PMC8084716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and S-methyl- L-cysteine (SMC) against hepatic oxidative stress and brain damage induced by acetamiprid (ACP) in rats, which were evaluated by histopathological changes, measuring serum biomarkers and antioxidant defense systems. In this study, 42 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups and administered by intraperitoneally for one week: the control group, the sham group (normal saline), ACP alone (5 mg/kg) (group1), NAC alone (160 mg/kg) (group2), ACP + SMC (100 mg/kg) (group3), ACP + NAC (group 4) and ACP + NAC + SMC (group 5). Our results showed that acetamiprid induces liver injures including infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion and altered histo-architecture and brain damages including gliosis, hyperemia and necrosis. The biochemical analyses showed that acetamiprid significantly altered the structural and biochemical profiles of liver which may be due to the loss of integrity of cell membranes. Furthermore, antioxidant parameters results of ACP group revealed that glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels decreased significantly, while lipid peroxidation (LPO) content and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activities increased in both tissues (P < 0.05), suggesting tissue oxidative damage, which was also confirmed histopathological. Conversely, administration of NAC and SMC ameliorated LPO, GSH content and antioxidant enzymes system considerably (P < 0.05) in both tissues. Moreover, NAC and SMC administration also improved liver and brain malfunction. These results indicate that both NAC and in to a lesser amount SMC have a potent antioxidant protection in both tissues of rat against ACP-induced oxidative stress.
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Liu Y, He QK, Xu ZR, Xu CL, Zhao SC, Luo YS, Sun X, Qi ZQ, Wang HL. Thiamethoxam Exposure Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Affects Ovarian Function and Oocyte Development in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1942-1952. [PMID: 33533595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides in modern agriculture, and their residues have been found in the environment and food. Previous studies reported that neonicotinoids exert toxic effects in various tissues, but whether they interfered with the female reproductive process remains unknown. In our present research, thiamethoxam was selected as a representative neonicotinoid to establish a mouse toxicity model with gavage. We found that thiamethoxam decreased the ovarian coefficient and disrupted the expression of female hormone receptors, subsequently affecting follicle development. Ovarian granulosa cells from the thiamethoxam exposure group underwent a high level of apoptosis. Using transcriptome analysis, we showed that thiamethoxam exposure altered the expression of multiple oocyte genes related to inflammation, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Thiamethoxam also adversely affected oocyte and embryo development. Western blotting and fluorescence staining results confirmed that thiamethoxam affected the integrity of DNA, triggered apoptosis, promoted oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and impaired mitochondrial function. Collectively, our results indicated that thiamethoxam exposure disrupts ovarian homeostasis and decreases oocyte quality via endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Kuo He
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ran Xu
- Center for Translational Medicine Research, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Long Xu
- Reproductive Medical Center of Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530031, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Cheng Zhao
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Shen Luo
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Sun
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Quan Qi
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, People's Republic of China
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178
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Torquetti CG, Guimarães ATB, Soto-Blanco B. Exposure to pesticides in bats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142509. [PMID: 33032135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bats provide a variety of ecological services that are essential to the integrity of ecosystems. Indiscriminate use of pesticides has been a threat to biodiversity, and the exposure of bats to these xenobiotics is a threat to their populations. This study presents a review of articles regarding the exposure of bats to pesticides published in the period from January 1951 to July 2020, addressing the temporal and geographical distribution of research, the studied species, and the most studied classes of pesticides. The research was concentrated in the 1970s and 1980s, mostly in the Northern Hemisphere, mainly in the USA. Of the total species in the world, only 5% of them have been studied, evaluating predominantly insectivorous species of the Family Vespertilionidae. Insecticides, mainly organochlorines, were the most studied pesticides. Most research was observational, with little information available on the effects of pesticides on natural bat populations. Despite the advances in analytical techniques for detecting contaminants, the number of studies is still insufficient compared to the number of active ingredients used. The effects of pesticides on other guilds and tropical species remain poorly studied. Future research should investigate the effects of pesticides, especially in sublethal doses causing chronic exposure. It is crucial to assess the impact of these substances on other food guilds and investigate how natural populations respond to the exposure to mixtures of pesticides found in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Guimarães Torquetti
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães
- Laboratório de Investigações Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária 2069, Cascavel, PR 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Benito Soto-Blanco
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil.
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179
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180
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English SG, Sandoval-Herrera NI, Bishop CA, Cartwright M, Maisonneuve F, Elliott JE, Welch KC. Neonicotinoid pesticides exert metabolic effects on avian pollinators. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2914. [PMID: 33536520 PMCID: PMC7858574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are neurotoxic systemic insecticides applied extensively worldwide. The impacts of common neonicotinoids like imidacloprid on non-target invertebrate pollinators have been widely studied, however effects on vertebrate pollinators have received little attention. Here, we describe the first study evaluating the effects of short-term (3 d) exposure to a range of environmentally relevant concentrations ([Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]Body Weight) of imidacloprid on wild-caught ruby-throated hummingbirds. Within 2 h of exposure, hummingbirds exhibited a significant depression in energy expenditure (up to [Formula: see text]). We did not observe significant effects on foraging behaviour measured in the subsequent 2 h to 4 h, although the effect size estimate was large (0.29). We also analyzed tissues collected 24 h after the final dose and did not observe significant effects on immune response or cholinesterase activity, although this may be related to our small sample size. We determined that hummingbirds excrete imidacloprid quickly (elimination half-life of [Formula: see text]) relative to other bird species. Hummingbirds have high energetic demands and store relatively little energy, especially during migration and breeding seasons. Therefore, changes in their metabolism following exposures to imidacloprid observed herein could bear important survivorship consequences for hummingbirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G English
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalia I Sandoval-Herrera
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine A Bishop
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada
| | - Melissa Cartwright
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - France Maisonneuve
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada
| | - Kenneth C Welch
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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181
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Queiroz LG, do Prado CCA, de Almeida ÉC, Dörr FA, Pinto E, da Silva FT, de Paiva TCB. Responses of Aquatic Nontarget Organisms in Experiments Simulating a Scenario of Contamination by Imidacloprid in a Freshwater Environment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:437-449. [PMID: 33275184 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated the presence of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) in aquatic ecosystems in concentrations up to 320.0 µg L-1. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of the highest IMI concentration detected in surface water (320.0 µg L-1) on the survival of Chironomus sancticaroli, Daphnia similis, and Danio rerio in three different scenarios of water contamination. The enzymatic activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in D. rerio also were determined. For this evaluation, we have simulated a lotic environment using an indoor system of artificial channels developed for the present study. In this system, three scenarios of contamination by IMI (320.0 µg L-1) were reproduced: one using reconstituted water (RW) and the other two using water samples collected in unpolluted (UW) and polluted (DW) areas of a river. The results indicated that the tested concentration was not able to cause mortality in D. similis and D. rerio in any proposed treatment (RW, UW, and DW). However, C. sancticaroli showed 100% of mortality in the presence of IMI in the three proposed treatments, demonstrating its potential to impact the community of aquatic nontarget insects negatively. Low IMI concentrations did not offer risks to D. rerio survival. However, we observed alterations in GST, CAT, and APX activities in treatments that used IMI and water with no evidence of pollution (i.e., RW and UW). These last results demonstrated that fish are more susceptible to the effects of IMI in unpolluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gonçalves Queiroz
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Éryka Costa de Almeida
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Augusto Dörr
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Teixeira da Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Teresa Cristina Brazil de Paiva
- Department of Basic and Environmental Sciences, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
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182
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Macaulay SJ, Hageman KJ, Piggott JJ, Matthaei CD. Time-cumulative effects of neonicotinoid exposure, heatwaves and food limitation on stream mayfly nymphs: A multiple-stressor experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:141941. [PMID: 33254881 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The global intensification of agriculture has resulted in pesticides playing an increasingly important role as anthropogenic stressors and drivers of environmental change. There is also a growing need to determine if other environmental stressors, especially those predicted to worsen with climate change, interact with pesticides to alter their effects on non-target biota. Two such stressors are increased extreme temperature events and periods of food limitation. This study is the first to investigate the combined effects of the world's most widely used insecticide, imidacloprid, with heatwaves and food limitation on a freshwater animal. A 6-week, full-factorial laboratory experiment with Deleatidium spp. mayfly nymphs was performed to investigate the potential for direct and delayed interactive effects of simulated heatwaves and starvation with chronic exposure to a field-realistic concentration of imidacloprid (0.4 μg/L). The experiment included two 6-day simulated heatwaves, one during a starvation period prior to imidacloprid addition, and one during the first 6 days of imidacloprid exposure. The simulated heatwaves alone caused such drastic negative effects on Deleatidium survival and mobility that mainly antagonistic interactions were observed with the other stressors, though delayed synergisms between imidacloprid and the second heatwave also affected mayfly mobility. Time-cumulative toxicity of imidacloprid was evident, with imidacloprid first affecting mayfly mobility after 12 days but eventually causing the strongest effects of all manipulated stressors. However, lethal effects of imidacloprid could only be detected in the absence of heatwaves and starvation, possibly as a result of selection for stronger individuals due to prior exposure to these stressors. Our findings demonstrate that heatwaves of increasing severity will critically affect sensitive freshwater organisms such as mayflies, and that the impacts of widespread pesticide use on freshwater ecosystems under global climate change cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Macaulay
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Kimberly J Hageman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0305, USA
| | - Jeremy J Piggott
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Christoph D Matthaei
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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183
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Meinke LJ, Souza D, Siegfried BD. The Use of Insecticides to Manage the Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, LeConte: History, Field-Evolved Resistance, and Associated Mechanisms. INSECTS 2021; 12:112. [PMID: 33525337 PMCID: PMC7911631 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Dvv) is a significant insect pest of maize in the United States (U.S.). This paper reviews the history of insecticide use in Dvv management programs, Dvv adaptation to insecticides, i.e., field-evolved resistance and associated mechanisms of resistance, plus the current role of insecticides in the transgenic era. In the western U.S. Corn Belt where continuous maize is commonly grown in large irrigated monocultures, broadcast-applied soil or foliar insecticides have been extensively used over time to manage annual densities of Dvv and other secondary insect pests. This has contributed to the sequential occurrence of Dvv resistance evolution to cyclodiene, organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides since the 1950s. Mechanisms of resistance are complex, but both oxidative and hydrolytic metabolism contribute to organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid resistance facilitating cross-resistance between insecticide classes. History shows that Dvv insecticide resistance can evolve quickly and may persist in field populations even in the absence of selection. This suggests minimal fitness costs associated with Dvv resistance. In the transgenic era, insecticides function primarily as complementary tools with other Dvv management tactics to manage annual Dvv densities/crop injury and resistance over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance J. Meinke
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Dariane Souza
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.S.); (B.D.S.)
| | - Blair D. Siegfried
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.S.); (B.D.S.)
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184
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Ewere EE, Reichelt-Brushett A, Benkendorff K. Impacts of Neonicotinoids on Molluscs: What We Know and What We Need to Know. TOXICS 2021; 9:21. [PMID: 33499264 PMCID: PMC7911472 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The broad utilisation of neonicotinoids in agriculture has led to the unplanned contamination of adjacent terrestrial and aquatic systems around the world. Environmental monitoring regularly detects neonicotinoids at concentrations that may cause negative impacts on molluscs. The toxicity of neonicotinoids to some non-target invertebrates has been established; however, information on mollusc species is limited. Molluscs are likely to be exposed to various concentrations of neonicotinoids in the soil, food and water, which could increase their vulnerability to other sources of mortality and cause accidental exposure of other organisms higher in the food chain. This review examines the impacts of various concentrations of neonicotinoids on molluscs, including behavioural, physiological and biochemical responses. The review also identifies knowledge gaps and provides recommendations for future studies, to ensure a more comprehensive understanding of impacts from neonicotinoid exposure to molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endurance E Ewere
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (E.E.E.); (A.R.-B.)
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154 Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Amanda Reichelt-Brushett
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (E.E.E.); (A.R.-B.)
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (E.E.E.); (A.R.-B.)
- National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
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185
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Neonicotinoids disrupt memory, circadian behaviour and sleep. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2061. [PMID: 33479461 PMCID: PMC7820356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, neonicotinoids are the most used insecticides, despite their well-documented sub-lethal effects on beneficial insects. Neonicotinoids are nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists. Memory, circadian rhythmicity and sleep are essential for efficient foraging and pollination and require nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signalling. The effect of field-relevant concentrations of the European Union-banned neonicotinoids: imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam and thiacloprid were tested on Drosophila memory, circadian rhythms and sleep. Field-relevant concentrations of imidacloprid, clothianidin and thiamethoxam disrupted learning, behavioural rhythmicity and sleep whilst thiacloprid exposure only affected sleep. Exposure to imidacloprid and clothianidin prevented the day/night remodelling and accumulation of pigment dispersing factor (PDF) neuropeptide in the dorsal terminals of clock neurons. Knockdown of the neonicotinoid susceptible Dα1 and Dβ2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in the mushroom bodies or clock neurons recapitulated the neonicotinoid like deficits in memory or sleep/circadian behaviour respectively. Disruption of learning, circadian rhythmicity and sleep are likely to have far-reaching detrimental effects on beneficial insects in the field.
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186
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Peterson EM, Green FB, Smith PN. Toxic responses of blue orchard mason bees (Osmia lignaria) following contact exposure to neonicotinoids, macrocyclic lactones, and pyrethroids. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111681. [PMID: 33396013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of particulate matter originating from beef cattle feed yards on the High Plains of the United States has revealed occurrence of multiple pesticides believed to potentially impact non-Apis pollinators. Among these pesticides are those that are highly toxic to Apis mellifera (honey bees). However, little non-Apis bee species toxicity data exist; especially pertaining to beef cattle feed yard-derived pesticides. Therefore, we conducted a series of 96-h contact toxicity tests with blue orchard mason bees (Osmia lignaria) using three neonicotinoids, two pyrethroids, and two macrocyclic lactones. Neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and clothianidin) were most toxic with LD50 values ranging from 2.88 to 26.35 ng/bee, respectively. Macrocyclic lactones (abamectin and ivermectin) were also highly toxic to O. lignaria with LD50 estimates of 5.51-32.86 ng/bee. Pyrethroids (permethrin and bifenthrin) were relatively less toxic with LD50 values greater than 33 ng/bee. Sensitivity ratios for each pesticide were calculated to relate O. lignaria LD50 values to existing honey bee toxicity data. All three neonicotinoids were more toxic to O. lignaria than A. mellifera, but pyrethroids and abamectin were relatively less toxic. Additionally, three of seven pesticides (43%) resulted in significantly different mass normalized LD50 values for male and female O. lignaria. These results indicate that non-Apis pollinators may be highly susceptible to pesticides originating from beef cattle feed yards, necessitating consideration of more stringent regulatory protections than those based on A. mellifera pesticide sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Peterson
- Texas Tech University, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Frank B Green
- Texas Tech University, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Philip N Smith
- Texas Tech University, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States.
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187
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Decio P, Ustaoglu P, Derecka K, Hardy ICW, Roat TC, Malaspina O, Mongan N, Stöger R, Soller M. Thiamethoxam exposure deregulates short ORF gene expression in the honey bee and compromises immune response to bacteria. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1489. [PMID: 33452318 PMCID: PMC7811001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maximizing crop yields relies on the use of agrochemicals to control insect pests. One of the most widely used classes of insecticides are neonicotinoids that interfere with signalling of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, but these can also disrupt crop-pollination services provided by bees. Here, we analysed whether chronic low dose long-term exposure to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam alters gene expression and alternative splicing in brains of Africanized honey bees, Apis mellifera, as adaptation to altered neuronal signalling. We find differentially regulated genes that show concentration-dependent responses to thiamethoxam, but no changes in alternative splicing. Most differentially expressed genes have no annotated function but encode short Open Reading Frames, a characteristic feature of anti-microbial peptides. As this suggested that immune responses may be compromised by thiamethoxam exposure, we tested the impact of thiamethoxam on bee immunity by injecting bacteria. We show that intrinsically sub-lethal thiamethoxam exposure makes bees more vulnerable to normally non-pathogenic bacteria. Our findings imply a synergistic mechanism for the observed bee population declines that concern agriculturists, conservation ecologists and the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Decio
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XInstitute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Pinar Ustaoglu
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Kamila Derecka
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Ian C. W. Hardy
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Thaisa C. Roat
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XInstitute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XInstitute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Nigel Mongan
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Reinhard Stöger
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Matthias Soller
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
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188
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Parizadeh M, Mimee B, Kembel SW. Neonicotinoid Seed Treatments Have Significant Non-target Effects on Phyllosphere and Soil Bacterial Communities. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:619827. [PMID: 33584586 PMCID: PMC7873852 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.619827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The phyllosphere and soil are dynamic habitats for microbial communities. Non-pathogenic microbiota, including leaf and soil beneficial bacteria, plays a crucial role in plant growth and health, as well as in soil fertility and organic matter production. In sustainable agriculture, it is important to understand the composition of these bacterial communities, their changes in response to disturbances, and their resilience to agricultural practices. Widespread pesticide application may have had non-target impacts on these beneficial microorganisms. Neonicotinoids are a family of systemic insecticides being vastly used to control soil and foliar pests in recent decades. A few studies have demonstrated the long-term and non-target effects of neonicotinoids on agroecosystem microbiota, but the generality of these findings remains unclear. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to characterize the effects of neonicotinoid seed treatment on soil and phyllosphere bacterial community diversity, composition and temporal dynamics in a 3-year soybean/corn rotation in Quebec, Canada. We found that habitat, host species and time are stronger drivers of variation in bacterial composition than neonicotinoid application. They, respectively, explained 37.3, 3.2, and 2.9% of the community variation. However, neonicotinoids did have an impact on bacterial community structure, especially on the taxonomic composition of soil communities (2.6%) and over time (2.4%). They also caused a decrease in soil alpha diversity in the middle of the growing season. While the neonicotinoid treatment favored some bacterial genera known as neonicotinoid biodegraders, there was a decline in the relative abundance of some potentially beneficial soil bacteria in response to the pesticide application. Some of these bacteria, such as the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and the bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle, are vital for plant growth and improve soil fertility. Overall, our results indicate that neonicotinoids have non-target effects on phyllosphere and soil bacterial communities in a soybean-corn agroecosystem. Exploring the interactions among bacteria and other organisms, as well as the bacterial functional responses to the pesticide treatment, may enhance our understanding of these non-target effects and help us adapt agricultural practices to control these impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Parizadeh
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Mimee
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Steven W. Kembel
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Akhoundi M, Chebbah D, Sereno D, Marteau A, Jan J, Bruel C, Elissa N, Izri A. Widespread Mutations in Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Gene of Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Populations in Paris. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E407. [PMID: 33419204 PMCID: PMC7825569 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bed bugs, Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus, are common blood-sucking ectoparasites of humans with a large geographical distribution, worldwide. In France, little is known about the status of bed bugs' infestation and their resistance to insecticides, particularly, pyrethroids. Here, we aimed to find mutations in the kdr gene, known to be involved in resistance to insecticides. We gathered bed bugs from various infested locations, including 17 private houses, 12 HLM building complex, 29 apartments, 2 EHPAD, and 2 immigrants' residences. A total of 1211 bed bugs were collected and morphologically identified as C. lectularius. Two fragments of the kdr gene, encompassing codons V419L and L925I, were successfully amplified for 156 specimens. We recorded sense mutation in the first amplified fragment (kdr1) in 89 out of 156 (57%) samples, in which in 61 out of 89 (68.5%) sequences, a change of valine (V) into leucine (L) V419L was observed. Within the second fragment (kdr2), a homozygous mutation was recorded in 73 out of 156 (46.7%) specimens at the codon 925. At this position, 43 out of 73 (58.9%) specimens had a sense mutation leading to the replacement of leucine (L) by isoleucine (I). Among 162 mutant sequences analyzed (89 for the kdr1 fragment and 73 for the kdr2 one), we detected single point mutation in 26.6%, while 73.4% presented the mutation in both kdr1 and kdr2 fragments. All modifications recorded in bed bug populations of Paris are described to be involved in the knockdown resistance (kdr) against pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Akhoundi
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93009 Bobigny, France; (D.C.); (A.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Dahlia Chebbah
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93009 Bobigny, France; (D.C.); (A.M.); (A.I.)
- Service Parisien de Santé Environnementale, Sous-Direction de la Santé (SPSE), Mairie de Paris, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Denis Sereno
- MIVEGEC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier University, 34032 Montpellier, France;
- InterTryp, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier University, 34032 Montpellier, France
| | - Anthony Marteau
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93009 Bobigny, France; (D.C.); (A.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Julie Jan
- Agence Régionale de Santé (ARS) Île-de-France, 35, rue de la Gare, 75935 Paris CEDEX 19, France; (J.J.); (C.B.)
| | - Christiane Bruel
- Agence Régionale de Santé (ARS) Île-de-France, 35, rue de la Gare, 75935 Paris CEDEX 19, France; (J.J.); (C.B.)
| | - Nohal Elissa
- Service Parisien de Santé Environnementale, Sous-Direction de la Santé (SPSE), Mairie de Paris, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Arezki Izri
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93009 Bobigny, France; (D.C.); (A.M.); (A.I.)
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France
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190
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Sengupta S, Leinaas HP, van Gestel CAM, Rundberget JT, Borgå K. A Multiple Life-History Trait-Based and Time-Resolved Assessment of Imidacloprid Effects and Recovery in the Widely Distributed Collembolan Folsomia quadrioculata. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:139-147. [PMID: 33035364 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Life-history traits determine individual fitness and the fate of populations. Imidacloprid, a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide, which persists in soil for more than 100 d at biologically relevant levels, may affect nontarget and ecologically important species, such as collembolans. In the present study, we determined the sublethal effects of short-term imidacloprid exposure and postexposure recovery in the collembolan Folsomia quadrioculata, which occurs abundantly across the northern hemisphere. We assessed survival, egg production, and hatching success in adult springtails exposed for 14 d through the diet to imidacloprid, followed by a 28-d postexposure phase. Survival and hatching success were high throughout the experiment in all the treatments, with no clear concentration dependence. However, egg production declined during the exposure phase and nearly stopped between 8 and 14 d in all the treatments (except the control) but resumed during the postexposure phase. Moreover, the resumption of egg production showed a concentration-dependent delay. Our findings suggest that low imidacloprid exposures can restrict reproduction, with potentially severe consequences for the population, notwithstanding the partial recovery in egg production. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:139-147. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Sengupta
- Section of Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Petter Leinaas
- Section of Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Katrine Borgå
- Section of Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Chen K, Liu X, Wu X, Xu J, Dong F, Zheng Y. The degradation dynamics and rapid detection of thiacloprid and its degradation products in water and soil by UHPLC-QTOF-MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127960. [PMID: 33297023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thiacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide used to control sucking and chewing insects of fruits and vegetables. Hydrolysis, photolysis of thiacloprid in aqueous solutions, and soil degradation of three typical types of soil in China were studied. UHPLC-QTOF/MS was used to acquire high-resolution mass spectrometry information of thiacloprid's degradation products in water and soil samples, and the UNIFI platform with integrated data processing function was used to find and identify degradation products. The degradation kinetics of thiacloprid was determined. Six transformation products (M271, M287, M269, M295, M279, M267) were found after the data processing workflow in the UNIFI platform by using the raw MSE data. The structure of putative transformation products can be inferred based on the accurate mass of fragment ions and the automated spectral interpretation tools in the UNIFI platform. The structure of M271 was validated to be thiacloprid amide by comparing the ESI-MS2 fragment ions in soil samples and thiacloprid amide standard. The TrendPlot function of UNIFI was used to demonstrate the kinetics of the transformation products. Reduction, hydrolysis, oxidation are the main reactions of thiacloprid in three tested soil in China and buffer solutions. This study provided a reference for the rapid identification of the transformation products of other pesticides in specific environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R, China.
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R, China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R, China.
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192
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Tasman K, Rands SA, Hodge JJ. The Neonicotinoid Insecticide Imidacloprid Disrupts Bumblebee Foraging Rhythms and Sleep. iScience 2020; 23:101827. [PMID: 33305183 PMCID: PMC7710657 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids have been implicated in the large declines observed in insects such as bumblebees, an important group of pollinators. Neonicotinoids are agonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that are found throughout the insect central nervous system and are the main mediators of synaptic neurotransmission. These receptors are important for the function of the insect central clock and circadian rhythms. The clock allows pollinators to coincide their activity with the availability of floral resources and favorable flight temperatures, as well as impact learning, navigation, and communication. Here we show that exposure to the field-relevant concentration of 10 μg/L imidacloprid caused a reduction in bumblebee foraging activity, locomotion, and foraging rhythmicity. Foragers showed an increase in daytime sleep and an increase in the proportion of activity occurring at night. This could reduce foraging and pollination opportunities, reducing the ability of the colony to grow and reproduce, endangering bee populations and crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiah Tasman
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Sean A. Rands
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - James J.L. Hodge
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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193
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Wytinck N, Manchur CL, Li VH, Whyard S, Belmonte MF. dsRNA Uptake in Plant Pests and Pathogens: Insights into RNAi-Based Insect and Fungal Control Technology. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1780. [PMID: 33339102 PMCID: PMC7765514 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to develop more environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional broad-spectrum pesticides in agriculture have recently turned to RNA interference (RNAi) technology. With the built-in, sequence-specific knockdown of gene targets following delivery of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), RNAi offers the promise of controlling pests and pathogens without adversely affecting non-target species. Significant advances in the efficacy of this technology have been observed in a wide range of species, including many insect pests and fungal pathogens. Two different dsRNA application methods are being developed. First, host induced gene silencing (HIGS) harnesses dsRNA production through the thoughtful and precise engineering of transgenic plants and second, spray induced gene silencing (SIGS) that uses surface applications of a topically applied dsRNA molecule. Regardless of the dsRNA delivery method, one aspect that is critical to the success of RNAi is the ability of the target organism to internalize the dsRNA and take advantage of the host RNAi cellular machinery. The efficiency of dsRNA uptake mechanisms varies across species, and in some uptake is negligible, rendering them effectively resistant to this new generation of control technologies. If RNAi-based methods of control are to be used widely, it is critically important to understand the mechanisms underpinning dsRNA uptake. Understanding dsRNA uptake mechanisms will also provide insight into the design and formulation of dsRNAs for improved delivery and provide clues into the development of potential host resistance to these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mark F. Belmonte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (N.W.); (C.L.M.); (V.H.L.); (S.W.)
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194
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Aseperi AK, Busquets R, Hooda PS, Cheung PCW, Barker J. Behaviour of neonicotinoids in contrasting soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 276:111329. [PMID: 32932069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are widely used to control insect pests in agriculture. Their presence in the environment can affect the health of non-target insects and aquatic animals. The behaviour of four neonicotinoids, namely imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam, has been investigated in soils with contrasting characteristics to understand their migration in soil and ecological risk. Among the study neonicotinoids, thiamethoxam and thiacloprid were found to be the least and most sorbed neonicotinoids by all the soils, respectively (up to 186 time greater adsorption of thiacloprid), and their uptake was affected by the content of organic matter in the soil. Leaching studies in columns confirmed that thiamethoxam leached out of the soils readily, pointing out to a relatively high risk of ground water contamination with possible ecological impact when thiamethoxam is used in soils with low organic matter. In soil column studies, the soil with the lowest organic matter presents the greatest residue of neonicotinoids in the sub-surface (≤5 cm). In contrast the soil richer in organic matter presented most of the contamination deeper down in the column; a factor to be considered in the remediation from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeniyi K Aseperi
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, United Kingdom.
| | - Rosa Busquets
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter S Hooda
- School of Engineering and Environment, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C W Cheung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - James Barker
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
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195
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Cecala JM, Baronia DA, Wilson Rankin EE. Sugar content of diet does not buffer against chronic oral imidacloprid exposure in the alfalfa leafcutting bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2705-2712. [PMID: 33001178 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bees are economically critical pollinators, but are declining broadly due to several stressors, including nontarget exposure to insecticides and deficiencies in nutrition. Understanding the simultaneous impact of stressors, particularly interactions between them, is critical to effectively conserving bees. Although behavioral effects of pesticides like neonicotinoids have received some attention in solitary bees, our understanding of how they are modulated by diet quality is limited. Furthermore, scarce data exist on what concentrations of orally ingested neonicotinoids elicit mortality in solitary bees. In a controlled exposure laboratory experiment, we investigated how diet quality, as sugar concentration, and chronic oral exposure to imidacloprid affect adult alfalfa leafcutting bees, Megachile rotundata (Fabricius). We provided individuals ad libitum with either 20 or 50% (m/m) sucrose syrups containing either 0, 30, or 300 ppb imidacloprid (measuring 0, 27, and 209 ppb via an ELISA assay). Over 5 wk, we tracked behavior and survivorship of individuals. Imidacloprid decreased survivorship in a dose-dependent fashion, but sucrose content did not affect survivorship, even in bees not fed imidacloprid. In the high imidacloprid treatment, 45% of bees were observed in a motionless supine position while still alive, with this effect appearing to be buffered against by the higher sucrose diet. Our results suggest that diets higher in sugar concentration may prevent an intermediate stage of poisoning, but do not ultimately extend longevity. In devising risk assessments for bees, it is important to consider that interactions between stressors may occur in the stages leading up to death even if survivorship is unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Cecala
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Danelle Angeline Baronia
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California, La Jolla, CA
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196
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Ligor M, Bukowska M, Ratiu IA, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B. Determination of Neonicotinoids in Honey Samples Originated from Poland and Other World Countries. Molecules 2020; 25:E5817. [PMID: 33317195 PMCID: PMC7764438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A method development for determination of neonicotinoid residues in honey samples was developed. The proposed methodology consisted in QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe). That was used for sample preparation and UHPLC/UV (ultra-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection) utilized for chromatographic analysis. The developed method proved to be sensitive, with LOD (Limit of detection) value in the range of 60.80 to 80.98 ng/g hence LOQ (Limit of quantification) value was in the range of 184.26 to 245.40 ng/g. The method has tested on Polish honey and applied to honey from various countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Australia, Brazil, Cameroon, Russia, USA and Turkey). Several honey types were tested, while physicochemical properties of all honeys and were investigated. The methodology for general characterization of pollen grains originated from selected plants, to confirm the type of honey was also presented. There was a total lack of the mentioned neonicotinoids in sunflower honey. Except of this, only two samples of rapeseed and two samples of acacia honey (from Poland and Romania) were neonicotinoids free. In 19 samples the targeted pesticides were detected above LOQ. In all other investigated samples, the neonicotinoids were found at least at the LOD or LOQ level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.B.); (R.G.-K.)
| | - Małgorzata Bukowska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.B.); (R.G.-K.)
| | - Ileana-Andreea Ratiu
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- “RalucaRipan” Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele, RO-400239 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.B.); (R.G.-K.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.B.); (R.G.-K.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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197
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Krupke CH, Tooker JF. Beyond the Headlines: The Influence of Insurance Pest Management on an Unseen, Silent Entomological Majority. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.595855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For most of the last two decades, insect pest management in key grain and oilseed crops has relied heavily on an insurance-based approach. This approach mandates a suite of management tactics prior to planting and in the absence of pest data. Because there is little flexibility for using these tactics individually, most producers have adopted this full suite of practices despite mounting evidence that some components do not provide consistent benefits. In North America in particular, this preventive approach to insect pest management has led to steep increases in use of neonicotinoid insecticides and subsequent increases in neonicotinoids in soil and water within crop fields and beyond. These increases have been accompanied by a host of non-target effects that have been most clearly studied in pollinators and insect natural enemies. Less attention has been given to the effects of this practice upon the many thousands of aquatic insect species that are often cryptic and offer negligible, or undefined, clear benefits to humans and their commerce. A survey of the literature reveals that the non-target effects of neonicotinoids upon these aquatic species are often as serious as for terrestrial species, and more difficult to address. By focusing upon charismatic insect species that provide clearly defined services, we are likely dramatically under-estimating the effects of neonicotinoids upon the wider environment. Given the mounting evidence base demonstrating that the pest management and crop yield benefits of this approach are negligible, we advocate for a return to largely-abandoned IPM principles as a readily accessible alternative path.
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198
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Strobl V, Camenzind D, Minnameyer A, Walker S, Eyer M, Neumann P, Straub L. Positive Correlation between Pesticide Consumption and Longevity in Solitary Bees: Are We Overlooking Fitness Trade-Offs? INSECTS 2020; 11:E819. [PMID: 33233695 PMCID: PMC7699727 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous use of pesticides is one major driver for the current loss of biodiversity, and the common practice of simultaneously applying multiple agrochemicals may further contribute. Insect toxicology currently has a strong focus on survival to determine the potential hazards of a chemical routinely used in risk evaluations. However, studies revealing no effect on survival or even indicating enhanced survival are likely to be misleading, if potential trade-offs between survival and other physiological factors are overlooked. Here, we used standard laboratory experiments to investigate the sublethal (i.e., food consumption) and lethal (i.e., survival) effects of two common agricultural pesticides (Roundup® and clothianidin) on adult female solitary bees, Osmia bicornis. The data showed no significant effect of the treatment on cumulative survival; however, a significant positive correlation between herbicide and insecticide exposure and age was revealed, i.e., bees exposed to higher dosages lived longer. As no significant differences in daily food consumption were observed across treatment groups, increased food intake can be excluded as a factor leading to the prolonged survival. While this study does not provide data on fitness effects, two previous studies using solitary bees observed significant negative effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on fitness, yet not on survival. Thus, we conjecture that the observed non-significant effects on longevity may result from a trade-off between survival and reproduction. The data suggest that a focus on survival can lead to false-negative results and it appears inevitable to include fitness or at least tokens of fitness at the earliest stage in future risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Strobl
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (D.C.); (A.M.); (S.W.); (P.N.)
| | - Domenic Camenzind
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (D.C.); (A.M.); (S.W.); (P.N.)
| | - Angela Minnameyer
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (D.C.); (A.M.); (S.W.); (P.N.)
| | - Stephanie Walker
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (D.C.); (A.M.); (S.W.); (P.N.)
| | - Michael Eyer
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland;
| | - Peter Neumann
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (D.C.); (A.M.); (S.W.); (P.N.)
| | - Lars Straub
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (D.C.); (A.M.); (S.W.); (P.N.)
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Domestic Gardens Mitigate Risk of Exposure of Pollinators to Pesticides—An Urban-Rural Case Study Using a Red Mason Bee Species for Biomonitoring. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12229427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Domestic gardens supply pollinators with valuable habitats, but the risk of exposure to pesticides has been little investigated. Artificial nesting shelters of a red mason bee species (Osmia bicornis) were placed in two suburban gardens and two commercial fruit orchards to determine the contamination of forage sources by pesticides. Larval pollen provisions were collected from a total of 14 nests. They consisted mainly of pollen from oaks (65–100% weight/sample), Brassicaceae (≤34% w/s) and fruit trees (≤1.6% w/s). Overall, 30 pesticides were detected and each sample contained a mixture of 11–21 pesticide residues. The pesticide residues were significantly lower in garden samples than in orchard samples. The difference was attributed mainly to the abundant fungicides pyrimethanil and boscalid, which were sprayed in fruit orchards and were present on average at 1004 ppb and 648 ppb in orchard samples, respectively. The results suggested that pollinators can benefit from domestic gardens by foraging from floral sources less contaminated by pesticides than in adjacent croplands.
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Wyckhuys KAG, Aebi A, Bijleveld van Lexmond MFIJ, Bojaca CR, Bonmatin JM, Furlan L, Guerrero JA, Mai TV, Pham HV, Sanchez-Bayo F, Ikenaka Y. Resolving the twin human and environmental health hazards of a plant-based diet. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106081. [PMID: 32889485 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Food can be health-giving. A global transition towards plant-based diets may equally help curb carbon emissions, slow land-system change and conserve finite resources. Yet, projected benefits of such 'planetary health' diets imperfectly capture the environmental or societal health outcomes tied to food production. Here, we examine pesticide-related hazards of fruit and vegetable consumption, and list proven management alternatives per commodity, geography and chemical compound. Across countries, pesticide use in these alleged healthful foods is extensive with up to 97% food items containing residues and up to 42% posing dietary risks to consumers. Multiple residues are present in 70-92% of US- and China-grown stone fruit while 58% US cauliflower is tainted with neonicotinoid insecticides. Science-based alternatives and decision-support frameworks can help food producers reduce risks and potential harm by deliberately abstaining from pesticide use. As such, opportunities abound to advance 'win-win' diets that simultaneously nurture human health and conserve global biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris A G Wyckhuys
- Institute of Plant Protection, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Chrysalis Consulting, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Marc Bonmatin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Orléans, France.
| | | | | | - Trinh V Mai
- Institute of Agricultural Environment, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hoi V Pham
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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