151
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Nikolaidis PT, Knechtle C, Ramirez-Campillo R, Vancini RL, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. Training and Body Composition during Preparation for a 48-Hour Ultra-Marathon Race: A Case Study of a Master Athlete. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16060903. [PMID: 30871153 PMCID: PMC6466448 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16060903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the acute effects of ultra-endurance exercise on body composition have been well studied, limited information exists about the chronic adaptations of body composition to ultra-endurance training. The aim of the present study was to examine the day-by-day variation of training and body composition of a master athlete during the preparation for a 48-hour ultra-marathon race. For all training sessions (n = 73) before the race, the running distance, duration, and pace were recorded, and body mass, body fat (BF), body water (%), visceral fat, fat-free mass (FFM), four circumferences (i.e., waist, upper arm, thigh and calf), and eight skinfolds (i.e., chest, mid-axilla, triceps, subscapular, abdomen, iliac crest, thigh and calf) were measured accordingly in a 53-year-old experienced ultra-endurance athlete (body mass 80.1 kg, body height 177 cm, body mass index 25.6 kg·m−2). The main findings of the present study were that (a) the training plan of the ultra-endurance master athlete followed a periodization pattern with regard to exercise intensity and training volume, which increased over time, (b) the body mass, BF, and FFM decreased largely during the first 30 training sessions, and (c) the circumferences and skinfolds reflected the respective decrease in BF. The findings of this case study provided useful information about the variation of training and body composition during the preparation for an ultra-marathon race in a male master ultra-marathoner. The preparation for an ultra-endurance race seems to induce pronounced changes in body mass and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celina Knechtle
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Laboratory of Human Performance, Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo L Vancini
- Strength and Conditioning Laboratory of the Center of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES 29075-910, Brazil.
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
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152
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Effect of high-intensity interval training on body composition and inflammatory markers in obese postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Menopause 2019; 26:256-264. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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153
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Liu JX, Zhu L, Deng JM. The effects of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on fat loss and cardiometabolic health in pediatric obesity: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14751. [PMID: 30855471 PMCID: PMC6417625 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of aerobic exercise on fat loss and cardiometabolic health are well-documented, but it is unknown whether a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) elicit a greater health benefit in obese children and adolescents. METHODS Relevant studies in Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and CNKI will be searched for studies with language restriction in English and Chinese, which were published from inception to December 1, 2018. Only randomized controlled trials of HIIT on pediatric obesity will be included, and observational studies, prospective cohort studies, and systematic reviews will be excluded. Two reviewers will independently screen the studies; risk of bias assessment and data extraction, and the results are inconsistent when discussed or resolved by a third reviewer. Data analysis and synthesis will be completed by the Revman 5.3 software and Stata 12.0 software. This study will be conducted by following the guideline of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols. CONCLUSION This study will be conducted by previously published data, thus ethics approval is not required. This finding will be published in a related peer-reviewed journal and present it at international conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018111308.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xin Liu
- Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health Promotion of Adolescent, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health Promotion of Adolescent, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Min Deng
- Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health Promotion of Adolescent, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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154
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Abstract
Physical inactivity is one of the leading health problems in the world. Strong epidemiological and clinical evidence demonstrates that exercise decreases the risk of more than 35 different disorders and that exercise should be prescribed as medicine for many chronic diseases. The physiology and molecular biology of exercise suggests that exercise activates multiple signaling pathways of major health importance. An anti-inflammatory environment is produced with each bout of exercise, and long-term anti-inflammatory effects are mediated via an effect on abdominal adiposity. There is, however, a need to close the gap between knowledge and practice and assure that basic research is translated, implemented, and anchored in society, leading to change of praxis and political statements. In order to make more people move, we need a true translational perspective on exercise as medicine, from molecular and physiological events to infrastructure and architecture, with direct implications for clinical practice and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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155
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Camacho-Cardenosa M, Camacho-Cardenosa A, Brazo-Sayavera J, Guerrero-Flores S, Olcina G, Timón R. Repeated-sprint training under cyclic hypoxia improves body composition in healthy women. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:1700-1708. [PMID: 30722657 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.09368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate if the cyclic hypoxia exposure combined with repeat-sprints training would be more effective in reducing body fat of health women than the same protocols performed in normoxia. METHODS Twelve female volunteers were randomly divided into two groups: 1) repeated-sprint in hypoxia (RSH; N.=6; FiO2: 17.2%); and 2) repeated-sprint in normoxia (RSN; N.=6; FiO2: 20.9%). During 6 weeks, both groups undertook 30 seconds of all-out (130%Wmax) followed by 3 minutes of active recovery at 55-65%Wmax on a cycle ergometer. Anthropometric, body composition and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline and after intervention. RESULTS RSH experimented a greater significant decrease of body mass index (P=0.017) and percentage of fat mass (P=0.05) respect to normoxia group. Total cholesterol of RSN experimented a significant (P=0.001) reduction (-12.66±14.35) compared with RSH (24.00±14.61). CONCLUSIONS Repeated-sprint training under normobaric cyclic hypoxia during 6-weeks could be a more effective prevention program because it causes a higher decrease in body mass index and fat mass compared with the same training in normoxic conditions in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guillermo Olcina
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Timón
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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156
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Effects of HIIT and MICT on cardiovascular risk factors in adults with overweight and/or obesity: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210644. [PMID: 30689632 PMCID: PMC6349321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adults with overweight and obesity. Methods Twenty-two articles were included by searching six databases, the total number of subjects was 620 in these articles. Outcomes were synthesised using a random-effects meta-analysis of the Standardized mean difference (SMD) in CVD risk factors. Results HIIT and MICT resulted in statistically significant reductions in Weight, BMI, fat%, total cholesterol(TC), and improvement in VO2max. Compared with MICT, subgroup of durations of HIIT training interval ≥2 min can significantly increase VO2max (SMD = 0.444, 95% CI:0.037~0.851,P = 0.032), subgroup of energy expenditure of HIIT equal to MICT can significantly increase VO2max (SMD = 0.399, 95% CI:0.106~0.692,P = 0.008). Conclusions HIIT appears to provide similar benefits to MICT for improving body composition, VO2maxand TC, but HIIT spent less time than MICT by 9.7 min on one session. HIIT is superior to MICT in improving cardiopulmonary fitness when durations of HIIT training interval ≥2 min or energy expenditure of HIIT same as MICT. PROSPERO ID: CRD42016045835.
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157
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Hofmeister M. Creating Associations With Positive Experiences Is Key. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 116:39. [PMID: 30832763 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0039b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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158
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Andreato LV, Esteves JV, Coimbra DR, Moraes AJP, de Carvalho T. The influence of high-intensity interval training on anthropometric variables of adults with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2019; 20:142-155. [PMID: 30450794 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on anthropometric variables in adults afflicted with overweight or obesity and to compare the effects with those of moderate-intensity continuous training. METHODS A computer literature search was performed for HIIT intervention studies that evaluated anthropometric variables in adults afflicted with overweight or obesity. RESULTS Of the 857 articles retrieved in the electronic search, 48 met the inclusion criteria. The analyses demonstrated that HIIT was effective in decreasing body mass (-1.45 kg [95% CI: -1.85 to -1.05 kg]), body mass index (-0.44 kg m-2 [95% CI: -0.59 to -0.30 kg m-2 ]), waist circumference (-2.3 cm [95% CI: -3.1 to -1.4 cm]), waist/hip ratio (-0.01 [95% CI: -0.02 to -0.00]), body fat percentage (-1.29% [95% CI: -1.70% to -0.87%]) and abdominal visceral fat area (-6.83 cm2 [95% CI: -11.95 to -1.71 cm2 ]). When considering equalization between the two methods (energy expenditure or workload matched), no differences were found in any measure except body mass (for which HIIT was superior). CONCLUSIONS High-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training results were similar, particularly when equalization between the two methods was considered. Thus, HIIT can be used as a secondary method for the treatment of obesity in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Andreato
- Sciences Center of Health and Sport, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, University Center of Maringá (UNICESUMAR), Maringá, Brazil
| | - J V Esteves
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D R Coimbra
- Sciences Center of Health and Sport, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - A J P Moraes
- Department of Physical Education, University of the Valley of Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - T de Carvalho
- Sciences Center of Health and Sport, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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159
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Brown EC, Hew-Butler T, Marks CRC, Butcher SJ, Choi MD. The Impact of Different High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Healthy Young Adult Females. Biores Open Access 2018; 7:177-185. [PMID: 30622842 PMCID: PMC6323591 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2018.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although traditional high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been effective in improving body composition and physical fitness, it is unclear how multimodal HIIT affects these variables. This study compared the differences between these two training programs on body composition and physical fitness in apparently healthy, nonobese young adult females. A total of 16 participants (mean age = 23 ± 5.08 years) completed a 12-week HIIT intervention with two treatment groups: rowing and multimodal. Immediately before and after the intervention, the following measures were assessed: body mass index (BMI), total body mass, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, total body fat %, visceral adipose tissue, lean mass, bone mineral outcomes, cardiovascular fitness, and muscular fitness. A general linear model with repeated measures was used to assess changes over time for the group as a whole, as well as between-group differences. For the group as a whole, there were significant decrease in total body fat % (p = 0.04) and significant increases in BMI (p = 0.015), total body mass (p = 0.003), lean mass (p < 0.001), bone mineral content (BMC) (p < 0.001), VO2max (p = 0.01), broad jump (p = 0.001), squat endurance (p = 0.006), press (p < 0.001), back squat (p < 0.001), and deadlift (p < 0.001) one repetition maximum (1RM). The multimodal group (p < 0.001) increased deadlift 1RM significantly more than the rowing group (p = 0.002). HIIT can be an effective means for improving cardiovascular and muscular fitness, increasing lean mass and BMC, and thereby improving cardiometabolic as well as musculoskeletal health in nonobese females. Using a multimodal approach may give the added benefit of superior muscular strength increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise C Brown
- School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | | | | | - Scotty J Butcher
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Myung D Choi
- School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
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160
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Tong TK, Zhang H, Shi H, Liu Y, Ai J, Nie J, Kong Z. Comparing Time Efficiency of Sprint vs. High-Intensity Interval Training in Reducing Abdominal Visceral Fat in Obese Young Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1048. [PMID: 30123136 PMCID: PMC6085472 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an emerging lifestyle intervention strategy for controlling obesity. HIIT consisted of brief all-out supramaximal sprint intervals was termed as sprint interval training (SIT). This study was designed to examine the time-efficient characteristics of SIT in reducing abdominal visceral fat. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the specific adaptations of SIT (80 × 6 s all-out cycle sprints interspersed with 9 s passive recovery) with those resulting from a HIIT regimen with training volume relatively higher (repeated 4 min bouts of cycling at 90% V˙ O2max alternated with 3 min rest, until the work of 400KJ was achieved), and with those of nonexercising control counterparts (CON). Forty-six obese young women (body fat percentage ≥30) received either SIT (n = 16), HIIT (n = 16), or no training (n = 14), 3-4 sessions per week, for 12 weeks. The abdominal visceral fat area (AVFA) and abdominal subcutaneous fat area (ASFA) of the participants were measured through computed tomography scans pre-intervention and post-intervention. Total fat mass and the fat mass of the android, gynoid, and trunk regions were assessed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Following the intervention, abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat were reduced markedly (p < 0.05). The reduction in AVFA (-6.31, -9.7 cm2) was not different between SIT and HIIT (p > 0.05), while the reduction in ASFA (-17.4, -40.7 cm2) in SIT was less than that in HIIT (p < 0.05). Less reduction in the fat mass of the trunk (-1.2, -2.0 kg) region was also found in SIT, while the reductions in fat percentage (-1.9%, -2.0%), total fat mass (-2.0, -2.8 kg), and fat mass of the android (-0.2, -0.2 kg), and gynoid (-0.4, -0.3 kg) regions did not differ between the two regimes (p > 0.05). In contrast, the increase in V˙ O2max was significant greater following the SIT than HIIT (p < 0.01). No variable changed in CON. Conclusion: Such findings suggest that the lower training load and exercise time commitments of the SIT regime could optimize the time-efficiency advantage of the traditional HIIT, facilitating the abdominal visceral fat reduction in obese young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas K Tong
- Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Provincial Key Lab of Measurement and Evaluation in Human Movement and Bio-Information, Hebei Normal University, Shijazhuang, China
| | - Hongru Shi
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Provincial Key Lab of Measurement and Evaluation in Human Movement and Bio-Information, Hebei Normal University, Shijazhuang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Provincial Key Lab of Measurement and Evaluation in Human Movement and Bio-Information, Hebei Normal University, Shijazhuang, China
| | - Jingwen Ai
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Provincial Key Lab of Measurement and Evaluation in Human Movement and Bio-Information, Hebei Normal University, Shijazhuang, China
| | - Jinlei Nie
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macau, Macau
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
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161
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Depiazzi JE, Forbes RA, Gibson N, Smith NL, Wilson AC, Boyd RN, Hill K. The effect of aquatic high-intensity interval training on aerobic performance, strength and body composition in a non-athletic population: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil 2018; 33:157-170. [DOI: 10.1177/0269215518792039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: In a non-athletic population, to (1) investigate the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training in an aquatic environment (A-HIIT) on aerobic performance, strength, and body composition and (2) report on safety of this approach. Method: A systematic search was undertaken of six databases until May 2018. Trials were eligible for inclusion if they compared the effect of A-HIIT in a non-athletic population with a control group that received no exercise training. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers and meta-analyses were undertaken using a random effects model to produce standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane’s risk of bias tool. All studies were graded using Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Consensus for Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) scales to determine quality of reporting. Results: Eight studies reported over 13 papers met study criteria ( n = 377). Compared with a control group, those who completed a program of A-HIIT demonstrated greater aerobic performance (SMD 0.69 (95% CI 0.39–0.98); I2 = 0%; n = 191) and lower limb muscle strength (SMD 0.30 (95% CI 0.04–0.56); I2 = 0%; n = 237). No differences were seen in measures of body composition or the number of adverse events. All studies were at risk of performance bias. The (mean ± SD) PEDro and CERT scores were 4.9 ± 1.5 and 15.1 ± 2.1, respectively. Conclusion: In a non-athletic population, A-HIIT was safe and may have improved aerobic performance and lower limb strength. The exercise interventions were well described and monitoring and reporting of exercise intensity in water was feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Depiazzi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rachel A Forbes
- Department of Physiotherapy, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Noula Gibson
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nadine L Smith
- Department of Physiotherapy, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Children’s Lung Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Lady Cilento Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kylie Hill
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
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162
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Modulation of the renin-angiotensin system in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle: focus on exercise training. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1487-1507. [PMID: 30037837 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) increases the classical arm (Ang-converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang II/Ang type 1 receptor (AT1R)) to the detriment of the protective arm (ACE2/Ang 1-7/Mas receptor (MasR)). The components of the RAS are present locally in white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle, which act co-operatively, through specific mediators, in response to pathophysiological changes. In WAT, up-regulation of the classical arm promotes lipogenesis and reduces lipolysis and adipogenesis, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy and lipid storage, which are related to insulin resistance and increased inflammation. In skeletal muscle, the classical arm promotes protein degradation and increases the inflammatory status and oxidative stress, leading to muscle wasting. Conversely, the protective arm plays a counter-regulatory role by opposing the effect of Ang II. The accumulation of adipose tissue and muscle mass loss is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality, which could be related, in part, to overactivation of the RAS. On the other hand, exercise training (ExT) shifts the balance of the RAS towards the protective arm, promoting the inhibition of the classical arm in parallel with the stimulation of the protective arm. Thus, fat mobilization and maintenance of muscle mass and function are facilitated. However, the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced changes in the RAS remain unclear. In this review, we present the RAS as a key mechanism of WAT and skeletal muscle metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, we discuss the interaction between the RAS and exercise and the possible underlying mechanisms of the health-related aspects of ExT.
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163
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Maillard F, Pereira B, Boisseau N. Author’s Reply to Li et al: Comment on: “Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Total, Abdominal and Visceral Fat Mass: A Meta-Analysis”. Sports Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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164
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Maillard F, Pereira B, Boisseau N. Author's Reply to Andreato et al.: Comment on: "Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Total, Abdominal and Visceral Fat Mass: A Meta-Analysis". Sports Med 2018; 48:2417-2420. [PMID: 29594959 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florie Maillard
- Clermont Auvergne University, AME2P Laboratory, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clermont Auvergne University, AME2P Laboratory, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Clermont Auvergne University, AME2P Laboratory, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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165
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Comment on: "Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Total, Abdominal and Visceral Fat Mass: A Meta-Analysis". Sports Med 2018; 48:2413-2415. [PMID: 29594960 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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166
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Li M, Chen H, Chen C, Zhu T. Comment on: "Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Total, Abdominal and Visceral Fat Mass: A Meta-Analysis". Sports Med 2018. [PMID: 29524161 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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167
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Schmitt A, Maurus I, Rossner MJ, Röh A, Lembeck M, von Wilmsdorff M, Takahashi S, Rauchmann B, Keeser D, Hasan A, Malchow B, Falkai P. Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Symptoms in Schizophrenia Include Decreased Mortality. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:690. [PMID: 30622486 PMCID: PMC6308154 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of about 1%. People with schizophrenia have a 4-fold higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome than the general population, mainly because of antipsychotic treatment but perhaps also because of decreased physical activity. Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and the risk of these diseases is 2- to 3-fold higher in schizophrenia patients than in the general population. The suicide risk is also higher in schizophrenia, partly as a result of depression, positive, and cognitive symptoms of the disease. The higher suicide rate and higher rate of cardiac mortality, a consequence of the increased prevalance of cardiovascular diseases, contribute to the reduced life expectancy, which is up to 20 years lower than in the general population. Regular physical activity, especially in combination with psychosocial and dietary interventions, can improve parameters of the metabolic syndrome and cardiorespiratory fitness. Furthermore, aerobic exercise has been shown to improve cognitive deficits; total symptom severity, including positive and negative symptoms; depression; quality of life; and global functioning. High-intensity interval endurance training is a feasible and effective way to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic parameters and has been established as such in somatic disorders. It may have more beneficial effects on the metabolic state than more moderate and continuous endurance training methods, but to date it has not been investigated in schizophrenia patients in controlled, randomized trials. This review discusses physical training methods to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and reduce metabolic syndrome risk factors and symptoms in schizophrenia patients. The results of studies and future high-quality clinical trials are expected to lead to the development of an evidence-based physical training program for patients that includes practical recommendations, such as the optimal length and type of aerobic exercise programs and the ideal combination of exercise, psychoeducation, and individual weight management sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel Maurus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz J Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Astrid Röh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Lembeck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina von Wilmsdorff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Shun Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Boris Rauchmann
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Berend Malchow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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