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Marpole RM, Bowen AC, Langdon K, Wilson AC, Gibson N. Antibiotics for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in children with neurodisability: Systematic review. Acta Paediatr 2024. [PMID: 38591640 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM Determine the optimal antibiotic choice for lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children with neurodisability. METHODS Embase, Ovid Emcare and MEDLINE were searched for studies from inception to January 2023. All studies, except case reports, focusing on the antibiotic treatment of LRTI in children, with neurodisabilities were included. Outcomes included length of stay, intensive care admission and mortality. RESULTS Nine studies met the inclusion criteria (5115 patients). All the studies were of low quality. The shortest length of stay was with anaerobic and gram-positive cover. Five studies used anaerobic, gram-positive and gram-negative cover (e.g., amoxicillin-clavulanic acid), which was frequently adequate. In one large study, it was better than gram-positive and gram-negative cover alone (e.g. ceftriaxone). Those unresponsive or more unwell at presentation improved faster on Pseudomonas aeruginosa cover (e.g., piperacillin-tazobactam). CONCLUSION In this context, anaerobic, gram-positive and gram-negative cover is just as effective as P. aeruginosa cover, supporting empiric treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. If there is a failure to improve, broadening to include P. aeruginosa could be considered. This is consistent with a consensus statement on the treatment of LRTI in children with neurodisability. An accepted definition for what constitutes LRTI in this cohort is required before designing prospective randomised trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Marpole
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Asha C Bowen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Katherine Langdon
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Kid's Rehab WA, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Noula Gibson
- Physiotherapy department, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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2
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Leuchter MK, Citrenbaum C, Wilson AC, Tibbe TD, Jackson NJ, Krantz DE, Wilke SA, Corlier J, Strouse TB, Hoftman GD, Tadayonnejad R, Koek RJ, Slan AR, Ginder ND, Distler MG, Artin H, Lee JH, Adelekun AE, Einstein EH, Oughli HA, Leuchter AF. The effect of older age on outcomes of rTMS treatment for treatment-resistant depression. Int Psychogeriatr 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38525670 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610224000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Clinical outcomes of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) vary widely and there is no mood rating scale that is standard for assessing rTMS outcome. It remains unclear whether TMS is as efficacious in older adults with late-life depression (LLD) compared to younger adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study examined the effect of age on outcomes of rTMS treatment of adults with TRD. Self-report and observer mood ratings were measured weekly in 687 subjects ages 16-100 years undergoing rTMS treatment using the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology 30-item Self-Report (IDS-SR), Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ), Profile of Mood States 30-item, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17-item (HDRS). All rating scales detected significant improvement with treatment; response and remission rates varied by scale but not by age (response/remission ≥ 60: 38%-57%/25%-33%; <60: 32%-49%/18%-25%). Proportional hazards models showed early improvement predicted later improvement across ages, though early improvements in PHQ and HDRS were more predictive of remission in those < 60 years (relative to those ≥ 60) and greater baseline IDS burden was more predictive of non-remission in those ≥ 60 years (relative to those < 60). These results indicate there is no significant effect of age on treatment outcomes in rTMS for TRD, though rating instruments may differ in assessment of symptom burden between younger and older adults during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cole Citrenbaum
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tristan D Tibbe
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Jackson
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David E Krantz
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott A Wilke
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Juliana Corlier
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas B Strouse
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gil D Hoftman
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reza Tadayonnejad
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ralph J Koek
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron R Slan
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Ginder
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret G Distler
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hewa Artin
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John H Lee
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adesewa E Adelekun
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Evan H Einstein
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hanadi A Oughli
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Marpole R, Blackmore AM, Wilson AC, Cooper MS, Depiazzi J, Langdon K, Moshovis L, Geelhoed E, Bowen A, Gibson N. Can RESPiratory hospital Admissions in children with cerebral palsy be reduced? A feasibility randomised Controlled Trial pilot study protocol (RESP-ACT). BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076730. [PMID: 38365293 PMCID: PMC10875547 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children with severe cerebral palsy (CP) is respiratory disease. BREATHE-CP (Better REspiratory and Airway Treatment and HEalth in Cerebral Palsy) is a multidisciplinary research team who have conducted research on the risk factors associated with CP respiratory disease, a systematic review on management and a Delphi study on the development of a consensus for the prevention and management of respiratory disease in CP. These strategies have not been investigated; therefore, it is not known if implementation is feasible, if they improve patient outcomes or if they are acceptable for families. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Mixed-method feasibility pilot randomised controlled trial with economic analysis. Twenty children with CP aged 0-12 years who are at risk of respiratory disease will be followed up for 1 year. All children will receive baseline assessments for comparison. The control group will receive usual care from their treating teams. The intervention group will receive comprehensive assessments from physiotherapy, speech pathology and respiratory medicine. An individualised investigation and treatment plan will then be made. Participants in both groups will complete fortnightly patient-reported outcome surveys to assess symptoms and health service use. Analysis will include assessments of acceptability through qualitative interviews, implementation by ability to recruit, randomise and retain, practicality including costs of intervention and hospitalisation, and explore efficacy through quality-of-life surveys and decreased health service use for respiratory-related symptoms. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics and governance approvals have been obtained through Child and Adolescent Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee. At completion, this study will lead to the design of the definitive protocol to test intervention efficacy that maximises recruitment, retention and adherence to interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000114943).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Marpole
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance, Forestville, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Marie Blackmore
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Monica S Cooper
- Department of Neurodevelopment & Disability, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie Depiazzi
- Physiotherapy Department, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Katherine Langdon
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Kids Rehab, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, Australia
| | - Lisa Moshovis
- Therapy Services, Ability Centre, Coolbinia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Geelhoed
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Asha Bowen
- Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, Northern Territory of Australia, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Noula Gibson
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Physiotherapy Department, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Leuchter MK, Citrenbaum C, Wilson AC, Tibbe TD, Jackson NJ, Krantz DE, Wilke SA, Corlier J, Strouse TB, Hoftman GD, Tadayonnejad R, Koek RJ, Slan AR, Ginder ND, Distler MG, Artin H, Lee JH, Adelekun AE, Leuchter AF. A comparison of self- and observer-rated scales for detecting clinical improvement during repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS) treatment of depression. Psychiatry Res 2023; 330:115608. [PMID: 37984281 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Clinical outcomes of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) vary widely, and no single mood rating scale is standard for assessing rTMS outcomes. This study of 708 subjects undergoing clinical rTMS compared the performance of four scales in measuring symptom change during rTMS treatment. Self-report and observer ratings were examined weekly with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology 30-item (IDS), Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ), Profile of Mood States 30-item (POMS), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17-item (HDRS). While all scales were correlated and detected significant improvement, the degree of improvement over time as well as response (33-50%) and remission (20-24%) rates varied significantly. Higher baseline severity was associated with lower likelihood of remission, and greater improvement by sessions 5 and 10 predicted response across all scales. Use of only a single scale to assess outcome conferred 14-36% risk of failing to detect response/remission indicated by another scale. The PHQ was most likely to indicate improvement and least likely to miss response or remission. These findings indicate that assessment of symptom burden during rTMS treatment may be most accurately assessed through use of multiple instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 90024, USA.
| | - Cole Citrenbaum
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 90024, USA
| | | | - Tristan D Tibbe
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 90024, USA
| | - Nicholas J Jackson
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 90024, USA
| | - David E Krantz
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 90024, USA
| | - Scott A Wilke
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 90024, USA
| | - Juliana Corlier
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 90024, USA
| | - Thomas B Strouse
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 90024, USA
| | - Gil D Hoftman
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 90024, USA
| | - Reza Tadayonnejad
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 90024, USA; Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ralph J Koek
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 90024, USA
| | - Aaron R Slan
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 90024, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Ginder
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 90024, USA
| | - Margaret G Distler
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 90024, USA
| | - Hewa Artin
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 90024, USA
| | - John H Lee
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 90024, USA
| | - Adesewa E Adelekun
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 90024, USA
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 90024, USA
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5
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Ohn M, Sommerfield D, Nguyen J, Evans D, Khan RN, Hauser N, Herbert H, Bumbak P, Wilson AC, Eastwood PR, Maddison KJ, Walsh JH, von Ungern-Sternberg BS. Predicting obstructive sleep apnoea and perioperative respiratory adverse events in children: role of upper airway collapsibility measurements. Br J Anaesth 2023; 131:1043-1052. [PMID: 37891122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and perioperative respiratory adverse events are significant risks for anaesthesia in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Upper airway collapse is a crucial feature of OSA that contributes to respiratory adverse events. A measure of upper airway collapsibility to identify undiagnosed OSA can help guide perioperative management. We investigated the utility of pharyngeal closing pressure (PCLOSE) for predicting OSA and respiratory adverse events. METHODS Children scheduled for elective adenotonsillectomy underwent in-laboratory polysomnography 2-12 weeks before surgery. PCLOSE measurements were obtained while the child was anaesthetised and breathing spontaneously just before surgery. Logistic regression was used to assess the predictive performance of PCLOSE for detecting OSA and perioperative respiratory adverse events after adjusting for potential covariates. RESULTS In 52 children (age, mean [standard deviation] 5.7 [1.8] yr; 20 [38%] females), airway collapse during PCLOSE was observed in 42 (81%). Of these, 19 of 42 (45%) patients did not have OSA, 15 (36%) had mild OSA, and eight (19%) had moderate-to-severe OSA. All 10 children with no evidence of airway collapse during the PCLOSE measurements did not have OSA. PCLOSE predicted moderate-to-severe OSA (odds ratio [OR] 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-2.8; P=0.011). All children with moderate-to-severe OSA could be identified at a PCLOSE threshold of -4.0 cm H2O (100% sensitivity), and most with no or mild OSA were ruled out (64.7% specificity; receiver operating characteristic/area under the curve=0.857). However, there was no significant association between respiratory adverse events and PCLOSE (OR 1.0; 95% CI: 0.8-1.1; P=0.641). CONCLUSIONS Measurement of PCLOSE after induction of anaesthesia can reliably identify moderate or severe OSA but not perioperative respiratory adverse events in children before adenotonsillectomy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ANZCTR ACTRN 12617001503314.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mon Ohn
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Perioperative Medicine Team, Peri-operative Care Programme, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - David Sommerfield
- Perioperative Medicine Team, Peri-operative Care Programme, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Division of Emergency Medicine, Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Julie Nguyen
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Perioperative Medicine Team, Peri-operative Care Programme, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Daisy Evans
- Perioperative Medicine Team, Peri-operative Care Programme, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - R Nazim Khan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Neil Hauser
- Perioperative Medicine Team, Peri-operative Care Programme, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Division of Emergency Medicine, Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Hayley Herbert
- Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Paul Bumbak
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kathleen J Maddison
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Physiology & Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer H Walsh
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Physiology & Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Britta S von Ungern-Sternberg
- Perioperative Medicine Team, Peri-operative Care Programme, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Division of Emergency Medicine, Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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6
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Smith EF, Hemy NR, Hall GL, Wilson AC, Murray CP, Simpson SJ. Risk factors for poorer respiratory outcomes in adolescents and young adults born preterm. Thorax 2023; 78:1223-1232. [PMID: 37208189 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The respiratory outcomes for adult survivors of preterm birth in the postsurfactant era are wide-ranging with prognostic factors, especially those encountered after the neonatal period, poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To obtain comprehensive 'peak' lung health data from survivors of very preterm birth and identify neonatal and life-course risk factors for poorer respiratory outcomes in adulthood. METHODS 127 participants born ≤32 weeks gestation (64%, n=81 with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), initially recruited according to a 2 with-BPD:1 without-BPD strategy), and 41 term-born controls completed a lung health assessment at 16-23 years, including lung function, imaging and symptom review. Risk factors assessed against poor lung health included neonatal treatments, respiratory hospitalisation in childhood, atopy and tobacco smoke exposure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Young adults born prematurely had greater airflow obstruction, gas trapping and ventilation inhomogeneity, in addition to abnormalities in gas transfer and respiratory mechanics, compared with term. Beyond lung function, we observed greater structural abnormalities, respiratory symptoms and inhaled medication use. A previous respiratory admission was associated with airway obstruction; mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity z-score was -0.561 lower after neonatal confounders were accounted for (95% CI -0.998 to -0.125; p=0.012). Similarly, respiratory symptom burden was increased in the preterm group with a respiratory admission, as was peribronchial thickening (6% vs 23%, p=0.010) and bronchodilator responsiveness (17% vs 35%, p=0.025). Atopy, maternal asthma and tobacco smoke exposure did not influence lung function or structure at 16-23 years in our preterm cohort. CONCLUSIONS Even after accounting for the neonatal course, a respiratory admission during childhood remained significantly associated with reduced peak lung function in the preterm-born cohort, with the largest difference seen in those with BPD. A respiratory admission during childhood should, therefore, be considered a risk factor for long-term respiratory morbidity in those born preterm, especially for individuals with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Smith
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Naomi R Hemy
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Graham L Hall
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Conor P Murray
- Medical Imaging, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shannon J Simpson
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Smith EF, Bradshaw TK, Urs RC, Evans DJ, Hemy NR, Hall GL, Wilson AC, Simpson SJ. Oscillometry and spirometry are not interchangeable when assessing the bronchodilator response in children and young adults born preterm. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:3122-3132. [PMID: 37539845 PMCID: PMC10947568 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The European Respiratory Society Oscillometry Taskforce identified that clinical correlates of bronchodilator responses are needed to advance oscillometry in clinical practice. The understanding of bronchodilator-induced oscillometry changes in preterm lung disease is poor. Here we describe a comparison of bronchodilator assessments performed using oscillometry and spirometry in a population born very preterm and explore the relationship between bronchodilator-induced changes in respiratory function and clinical outcomes. METHODS Participants aged 6-23 born ≤32 (N = 288; 132 with bronchopulmonary dysplasia) and ≥37 weeks' gestation (N = 76, term-born controls) performed spirometry and oscillometry. A significant bronchodilator response (BDR) to 400 μg salbutamol was classified according to published criteria. RESULTS A BDR was identified in 30.9% (n = 85) of preterm-born individuals via spirometry and/or oscillometry, with poor agreement between spirometry and oscillometry definitions (k = 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.18-0.40, p < .001). Those born preterm with a BDR by oscillometry but not spirometry had increased wheeze (33% vs. 11%, p = .010) and baseline resistance (Rrs5 z-score mean difference (MD) = 0.86, 95% CI 0.07-1.65, p = .025), but similar baseline spirometry to the group without a BDR (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1 ] z-score MD = -0.01, 95% CI -0.66 to 0.68, p > .999). Oscillometry was more feasible than spirometry (95% success rate vs. 85% (FEV1 ), 69% (forced vital capacity) success rate, p < .001), however being born preterm did not affect test feasibility. CONCLUSION In the preterm population, oscillometry is a feasible and clinically useful supportive test to assess the airway response to inhaled salbutamol. Changes measured by oscillometry reflect related but distinct physiological changes to those measured by spirometry, and thus these tests should not be used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F. Smith
- Wal‐Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids InstitutePerth Children's HospitalNedlandsAustralia
- Curtin School of Allied HealthFaculty of Health SciencesBentleyAustralia
| | - Tiffany K. Bradshaw
- Wal‐Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids InstitutePerth Children's HospitalNedlandsAustralia
| | - Rhea C. Urs
- Wal‐Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids InstitutePerth Children's HospitalNedlandsAustralia
- Curtin School of Allied HealthFaculty of Health SciencesBentleyAustralia
| | - Denby J. Evans
- Wal‐Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids InstitutePerth Children's HospitalNedlandsAustralia
- Curtin School of Allied HealthFaculty of Health SciencesBentleyAustralia
| | - Naomi R. Hemy
- Wal‐Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids InstitutePerth Children's HospitalNedlandsAustralia
| | - Graham L. Hall
- Wal‐Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids InstitutePerth Children's HospitalNedlandsAustralia
- Curtin School of Allied HealthFaculty of Health SciencesBentleyAustralia
| | - Andrew C. Wilson
- Wal‐Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids InstitutePerth Children's HospitalNedlandsAustralia
- Curtin School of Allied HealthFaculty of Health SciencesBentleyAustralia
- Child and Adolescent Health ServicePerth Children's HospitalNedlandsAustralia
| | - Shannon J. Simpson
- Wal‐Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids InstitutePerth Children's HospitalNedlandsAustralia
- Curtin School of Allied HealthFaculty of Health SciencesBentleyAustralia
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O'Dea CA, Beaven ML, Wilson AC, Smith EF, Maiorana A, Simpson SJ. Preterm birth and exercise capacity: what do we currently know? Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1222731. [PMID: 37868270 PMCID: PMC10587559 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1222731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The long-term cardiopulmonary outcomes following preterm birth during the surfactant era remain unclear. Respiratory symptoms, particularly exertional symptoms, are common in preterm children. Therefore, cardiopulmonary exercise testing may provide insights into the pathophysiology driving exertional respiratory symptoms in those born preterm. This review aims to outline the current knowledge of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in the assessment of children born preterm in the surfactant era. Design This study is a narrative literature review. Methods Published manuscripts concerning the assessment of pulmonary outcomes using cardiopulmonary exercise testing in preterm children (aged <18 years) were reviewed. Search terms related to preterm birth, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and exercise were entered into electronic databases, including Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Reference lists from included studies were scanned for additional manuscripts. Results Preterm children have disrupted lung development with significant structural and functional lung disease and increased respiratory symptoms. The association between these (resting) assessments of respiratory health and exercise capacity is unclear; however, expiratory flow limitation and an altered ventilatory response (rapid, shallow breathing) are seen during exercise. Due to the heterogeneity of participants, treatments, and exercise protocols, the effect of the aforementioned limitations on exercise capacity in children born preterm is conflicting and poorly understood. Conclusion Risk factors for reduced exercise capacity in those born preterm remain poorly understood; however, utilizing cardiopulmonary exercise testing to its full potential, the pathophysiology of exercise limitation in survivors of preterm birth will enhance our understanding of the role exercise may play. The role of exercise interventions in mitigating the risk of chronic disease and premature death following preterm birth has yet to be fully realized and should be a focus of future robust randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A O'Dea
- Respiratory Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michael L Beaven
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Respiratory Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Elizabeth F Smith
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew Maiorana
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Allied Health, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shannon J Simpson
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Ohn M, McArdle N, Khan RN, von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Eastwood PR, Walsh JH, Wilson AC, Maddison KJ. Early life predictors of obstructive sleep apnoea in young adults: Insights from a longitudinal community cohort (Raine study). Sleep Med 2023; 110:76-81. [PMID: 37544276 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early-life obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) predictors are unavailable for young adults. This study identifies early-life factors predisposing young adults to OSA. METHODS This retrospective study included 923 young adults and their mothers from the Western Australian Pregnancy Raine Study Cohort. OSA at 22 years was determined from in-laboratory polysomnography. Logistic regression was used to identify maternal and neonatal factors associated with OSA in young adulthood. RESULTS OSA was observed in 20.8% (192) participants. Maternal predictors of OSA included gestational diabetes mellitus (odds ratio (OR) 9.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7, 58.5, P = 0.011), preterm delivery (OR 3.18, 95%CI 1.1,10.5, P = 0.043), preeclampsia (OR 2.95, 95%CI 1.1,8.0, P = 0.034), premature rupture of membranes (OR 2.46, 95%CI 1.2, 5.2, P = 0.015), age ≥35 years (OR 2.28, 95%CI 1.2,4.4, P = 0.011), overweight and obesity (pregnancy BMI≥25 kg/m2) (OR 2.00, 95%CI 1.2,3.2, P = 0.004), pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR 1.89, 95%CI 1.1,3.2, P = 0.019), and Chinese ethnicity (OR 2.36,95%CI 1.01,5.5, P = 0.047). Neonatal predictors included male child (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.5,3.0, P < 0.0001), presence of meconium-stained liquor during delivery (OR 1.60, 95%CI 1.0,2.5, P = 0.044) and admission to special care nursery (OR 1.51 95%CI 1.0,2.2, P = 0.040). Higher birth lengths reduced OSA odds by 7% for each centimetre (OR 0.93, 95%CI 0.87, 0.99, P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS A range of maternal and neonatal factors predict OSA in young adults, including those related to poor maternal metabolic health, high-risk pregnancy and stressful perinatal events. This information could assist in the early identification and management of at-risk individuals and indicates that better maternal health may reduce the likelihood of young adults developing OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mon Ohn
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Division of Pediatrics, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Perioperative Medicine Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Nigel McArdle
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Physiology & Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - R Nazim Khan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
| | - Britta S von Ungern-Sternberg
- Perioperative Medicine Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Division of Emergency Medicine, Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Jennifer H Walsh
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Physiology & Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Division of Pediatrics, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Kathleen J Maddison
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Physiology & Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
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10
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Chu SA, Tadayonnejad R, Corlier J, Wilson AC, Citrenbaum C, Leuchter AF. Rumination symptoms in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder, and outcomes of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) treatment. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:293. [PMID: 37684229 PMCID: PMC10491586 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rumination is a maladaptive style of regulating thoughts and emotions. It is a common symptom of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and more severe rumination is associated with poorer medication and psychotherapy treatment outcomes, particularly among women. It is unclear to what extent rumination may influence the outcomes of, or be responsive to, repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) treatment of MDD. We retrospectively examined data collected during rTMS treatment of 155 patients (age 42.52 ± 14.22, 79 female) with moderately severe treatment-resistant MDD. The severity of rumination and depression was assessed before and during a course of 30 sessions of measurement-based rTMS treatment using the Ruminative Responses Scale (RSS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. Relationships among baseline levels of rumination, depression, and treatment outcome were assessed using a series of repeated measures linear mixed effects models. Both depression and rumination symptoms significantly improved after treatment, but improvement in depression was not a significant mediator of rumination improvement. Higher baseline rumination (but not depression severity) was associated with poorer depression outcomes independently of depression severity. Female gender was a significant predictor of worse outcomes for all RRS subscales. Both depressive and ruminative symptoms in MDD improved following rTMS treatment. These improvements were correlated, but improvement in rumination was not fully explained by reduction in depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that while improvement in rumination and depression severity during rTMS treatment are correlated, they are partly independent processes. Future studies should examine whether rumination symptoms should be specifically targeted with different rTMS treatment parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Chu
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Reza Tadayonnejad
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Juliana Corlier
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cole Citrenbaum
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Urs R, Ni Chin R, Hemy N, Wilson AC, Pillow JJ, Hall GL, Simpson SJ. Elevated leukotriene B4 and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate from preterm-born infants. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:386. [PMID: 37543578 PMCID: PMC10403823 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), possibly contributing to persistent respiratory morbidity after preterm birth. We aimed to assess if inflammatory markers were elevated in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of infants born very prematurely (< 32 weeks gestation) at 12-16 corrected months of age, and if increased levels were associated with BPD diagnosis and respiratory morbidity. METHODS EBC samples and respiratory questionnaires were collected from 15 term-born infants and 33 preterm-born infants, 12 with a neonatal BPD diagnosis. EBC samples were analysed for leukotriene B4 (inflammation) and 8-isoprostane (oxidative stress) concentrations using enzyme-linked immune-assays. Differences between groups were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis Test with post-hoc comparisons, independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test depending on normality of the data. RESULTS Leukotriene B4 and 8-isoprostane levels were elevated in exhaled breath condensate of preterm-born infants compared to those born at term (mean difference [95% CI]; 1.52 [0.45, 2.59], p = 0.02; 0.77 [0.52, 1.02], p < 0.001, respectively). Leukotriene B4 and 8-isoprostane levels were independent of BPD diagnosis and respiratory morbidity over the first year of life. CONCLUSIONS Infants born very prematurely exhibit elevated markers of airway neutrophilic inflammation and oxidative stress beyond the first year of life, regardless of a neonatal diagnosis of chronic lung disease or respiratory morbidity during infancy. These findings may have implications for future lung health. TRIAL REGISTRATION N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Urs
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Rubi Ni Chin
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Naomi Hemy
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - J Jane Pillow
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Graham L Hall
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shannon J Simpson
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
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12
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Urs RC, Evans DJ, Bradshaw TK, Gibbons JTD, Smith EF, Foong RE, Wilson AC, Simpson SJ. Inhaled corticosteroids to improve lung function in children (aged 6-12 years) who were born very preterm (PICSI): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2023:S2352-4642(23)00128-1. [PMID: 37385269 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the substantial burden of lung disease throughout childhood in children who were born very preterm, there are no evidence-based interventions to improve lung health beyond the neonatal period. We tested the hypothesis that inhaled corticosteroid improves lung function in this population. METHODS PICSI was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at Perth Children's Hospital (Perth, WA, Australia) to assess whether fluticasone propionate, an inhaled corticosteroid, improves lung function in children who had been born very preterm (<32 weeks of gestation). Eligible children were aged 6-12 years and did not have severe congenital abnormalities, cardiopulmonary defects, neurodevelopmental impairment, diabetes, or any glucocorticoid use within the preceding 3 months. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 125 μg fluticasone propionate or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. Participants were stratified for sex, age, bronchopulmonary dysplasia diagnosis, and recent respiratory symptoms using the biased-coin minimisation technique. The primary outcome was change in pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) after 12 weeks of treatment. Data were analysed by intention-to-treat (ie, all participants who were randomly assigned and took at least the tolerance dose of the drug). All participants were included in the safety analyses. This trial is registered at the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, number 12618000781246. FINDINGS Between Oct 23, 2018, and Feb 4, 2022, 170 participants were randomly assigned and received at least the tolerance dose (83 received placebo and 87 received inhaled corticosteroid). 92 (54%) participants were male and 78 (46%) were female. 31 participants discontinued treatment before 12 weeks (14 in the placebo group and 17 in the inhaled corticosteroid group), mostly due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. When analysed by intention-to-treat, the change in pre-bronchodilator FEV1 Z score over 12 weeks was -0·11 (95% CI -0·21 to 0·00) in the placebo group and 0·20 (0·11 to 0·30) in the inhaled corticosteroid group (imputed mean difference 0·30, 0·15-0·45). Three of 83 participants in the inhaled corticosteroid group had adverse events requiring treatment discontinuation (exacerbation of asthma-like symptoms). One of 87 participants in the placebo group had an adverse event requiring treatment discontinuation (inability to tolerate the treatment with dizziness, headaches, stomach pains, and worsening of a skin condition). INTERPRETATION As a group, children born very preterm have only modestly improved lung function when treated with inhaled corticosteroid for 12 weeks. Future studies should consider individual phenotypes of lung disease after preterm birth and other agents to improve management of prematurity-associated lung disease. FUNDING Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, Telethon Kids Institute, and Curtin University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea C Urs
- Children's Lung Health, Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Denby J Evans
- Children's Lung Health, Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Population Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tiffany K Bradshaw
- Children's Lung Health, Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - James T D Gibbons
- Children's Lung Health, Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Elizabeth F Smith
- Children's Lung Health, Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rachel E Foong
- Children's Lung Health, Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Children's Lung Health, Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shannon J Simpson
- Children's Lung Health, Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Stroobach A, Wilson AC, Lam J, Hall GL, Withers A, Downs J. Factors influencing participation in home, school, and community settings by children and adolescents with neuromuscular disorders: A qualitative descriptive study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:664-673. [PMID: 36303274 PMCID: PMC10952605 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study explored how children and adolescents with a neuromuscular disorder (NMD) and their parents experienced barriers and enablers to the child's participation. METHOD This was a qualitative descriptive design. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted (n = 13 mothers, n = 4 fathers, n = 8 children and adolescents) including one to three family members for each interview according to their preference. Data were analysed by content analysis, using the family of Participation-Related Constructs (fPRC), to characterize the components of participation. RESULTS Meaningful participation was illustrated in the personal categories of the fPRC including the child's sense of self, preferences, and competence to perform activities. Enablers and barriers related to adaptive equipment and activity modification, social relationships, inclusion, accessibility to venues, social attitudes, and policies. INTERPRETATION Personal motivators are critical to understanding what participation is meaningful to children and adolescents with NMDs. Social and physical supports within the child's immediate environment as well as accessibility and advocacy more widely in the community enable participation. The fPRC is a useful tool for understanding participation in these children; it informs how to support participation and suggests domains for evaluation in future intervention studies. Advocacy for participation should consider targets in the immediate and broader environments. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS The family of Participation-Related Constructs classified the components of participation for children and adolescents with neuromuscular disorders. Meaningful participation involved a complex interaction between personal and environmental factors. Barriers to participation included poor accessibility, lack of equipment, and social exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Stroobach
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Telethon Kids InstitutePerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Andrew C. Wilson
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Telethon Kids InstitutePerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Respiratory MedicinePerth Children's HospitalPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for Child Health ResearchUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jenny Lam
- Telethon Kids InstitutePerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Graham L. Hall
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Telethon Kids InstitutePerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Adelaide Withers
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Telethon Kids InstitutePerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Respiratory MedicinePerth Children's HospitalPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jenny Downs
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Telethon Kids InstitutePerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Corlier J, Tadayonnejad R, Wilson AC, Lee JC, Marder KG, Ginder ND, Wilke SA, Levitt J, Krantz D, Leuchter AF. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment of major depressive disorder and comorbid chronic pain: response rates and neurophysiologic biomarkers. Psychol Med 2023; 53:823-832. [PMID: 34154683 PMCID: PMC9976020 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) and chronic pain are highly comorbid, and pain symptoms are associated with a poorer response to antidepressant medication treatment. It is unclear whether comorbid pain also is associated with a poorer response to treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). METHODS 162 MDD subjects received 30 sessions of 10 Hz rTMS treatment administered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with depression and pain symptoms measured before and after treatment. For a subset of 96 patients, a resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded at baseline. Clinical outcome was compared between subjects with and without comorbid pain, and the relationships among outcome, pain severity, individual peak alpha frequency (PAF), and PAF phase-coherence in the EEG were examined. RESULTS 64.8% of all subjects reported pain, and both depressive and pain symptoms were significantly reduced after rTMS treatment, irrespective of age or gender. Patients with severe pain were 27% less likely to respond to MDD treatment than pain-free individuals. PAF was positively associated with pain severity. PAF phase-coherence in the somatosensory and default mode networks was significantly lower for MDD subjects with pain who failed to respond to MDD treatment. CONCLUSIONS Pain symptoms improved after rTMS to left DLPFC in MDD irrespective of age or gender, although the presence of chronic pain symptoms reduced the likelihood of treatment response. Individual PAF and baseline phase-coherence in the sensorimotor and midline regions may represent predictors of rTMS treatment outcome in comorbid pain and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Corlier
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Reza Tadayonnejad
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Jonathan C Lee
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Katharine G Marder
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Ginder
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Scott A Wilke
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Jennifer Levitt
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - David Krantz
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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15
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Tadayonnejad R, Wilson AC, Chu SA, Corlier J, Citrenbaum C, Ngo TDP, Hovhannisyan E, Ginder ND, Levitt JG, Wilke SA, Krantz D, Bari AA, Leuchter AF. Use of right orbitofrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) augmentation for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder with comorbid major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114856. [PMID: 36155277 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined the safety and efficacy of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) of the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in patients with refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and comorbid Major Depressive Disorder. All participants (n = 26) received excitatory stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex followed by inhibitory stimulation of bilateral supplementary motor area for 10 sessions. In 18 patients with poor early OCD response, treatment was augmented with OFC inhibitory stimulation after the tenth treatment session. Augmentation with OFC stimulation was well-tolerated, and associated with further alleviation of both OCD and depression symptoms, particularly in individuals with more severe illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Tadayonnejad
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, United States; Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States.
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, United States
| | - Stephanie Anne Chu
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, United States
| | - Juliana Corlier
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, United States
| | - Cole Citrenbaum
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, United States
| | - Thuc Doan P Ngo
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, United States
| | - Emmily Hovhannisyan
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, United States
| | - Nathaniel D Ginder
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, United States
| | - Jennifer G Levitt
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, United States
| | - Scott A Wilke
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, United States
| | - David Krantz
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, United States
| | - Ausaf A Bari
- Department of Neurosurgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, United States
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16
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Marpole R, Wilson AC. Benefits of reviewing pancreatic function in children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:1537-1539. [PMID: 35258175 PMCID: PMC9313857 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Marpole
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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17
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Marder KG, Cho J, Chincanchan R, Wilson AC, Corlier J, Krantz DE, Ginder ND, Lee JC, Wilke SA, Tadayonnejad R, Levitt J, Ishiyama A, Leuchter MK, Leuchter AF. Sequential Prefrontal and Temporoparietal Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Treatment of Tinnitus With and Without Comorbid Depression: A Case Series and Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:831832. [PMID: 35665054 PMCID: PMC9160187 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.831832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tinnitus distress is related to both the loudness and intrusiveness of the tinnitus percept. Treatment approaches targeting both attentional/limbic and auditory systems may better alleviate tinnitus distress than approaches targeting the auditory system alone. Materials and Methods Ten subjects with chronic tinnitus received sequential rTMS treatment involving: 1) excitatory stimulation administered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or inhibitory stimulation administered to the right DLPFC, followed by 2) inhibitory stimulation administered to primary auditory cortex (Heschel's gyrus or HG). A systematic literature review was performed to evaluate the existing literature on sequential repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) treatment approaches for tinnitus. Results of the case series are interpreted in the context of tinnitus neurobiology and the extant literature. Results Subjects experienced a significant decrease (average 21.7%) in symptoms on the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI). Those with tinnitus alone experienced a greater mean symptom reduction than those with comorbid MDD (27.7 vs. 17.0%, respectively). Adverse effects were transient and minor. Literature review confirmed that sequential approaches had some advantages compared to single site rTMS; in general, the addition of 1 Hz treatment at DLPFC was superior to single site rTMS in the short term (1-12 weeks), while the addition of 20 Hz treatment at DLPFC appeared superior in the long term (90-180 days). Conclusions Sequential rTMS approaches for the treatment of tinnitus-particularly those administering low-frequency treatment at left DLPFC-merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine G. Marder
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Janice Cho
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ruth Chincanchan
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew C. Wilson
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Juliana Corlier
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David E. Krantz
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nathaniel D. Ginder
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Lee
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Scott A. Wilke
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Reza Tadayonnejad
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Levitt
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Akira Ishiyama
- Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael K. Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew F. Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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18
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Wilke SA, Johnson CL, Corlier J, Marder KG, Wilson AC, Pleman CM, Leuchter AF. Psychostimulant use and clinical outcome of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment of major depressive disorder. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:397-406. [PMID: 35389536 DOI: 10.1002/da.23255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Psychostimulant medication use may be associated with improved rTMS outcomes, but a detailed understanding of these relationships is lacking. METHODS We compared MDD subjects taking psychostimulants (n = 37) with those not taking one of these medications (n = 53) during a course of 30 rTMS treatments. Changes in the 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report (IDS-SR30) subscale scores were examined at treatment 30. We also subdivided subjects into three categories based on drug mechanism and looked at IDS-SR30 total score after treatments 10, 20, and 30. RESULTS Subjects taking psychostimulants had a significantly greater overall clinical improvement than those not taking these medications at treatment 30. The psychostimulant group also improved significantly more than the control group in "sleep" and "mood/cognition," but not "anxiety/arousal" IDS-SR30 subscales. No differences were detected among individual drug categories, which may reflect the limited sample size for individual medications. There was a negative dose-response relationship for the lisdexamfetamine/dextroamphetamine group, in which lower doses were associated with better clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Psychostimulant medications may enhance clinical efficacy of rTMS for MDD by preferentially impacting specific symptom domains. For some psychostimulants, these effects may be dose-dependent. Prospective clinical trials are needed to guide psychostimulant augmentation of brain stimulation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Wilke
- Neuromodulation Division, TMS Clinical and Research Service, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Crystal L Johnson
- Neuromodulation Division, TMS Clinical and Research Service, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Juliana Corlier
- Neuromodulation Division, TMS Clinical and Research Service, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katharine G Marder
- Neuromodulation Division, TMS Clinical and Research Service, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Neuromodulation Division, TMS Clinical and Research Service, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christopher M Pleman
- Neuromodulation Division, TMS Clinical and Research Service, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- Neuromodulation Division, TMS Clinical and Research Service, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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19
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Erickson SD, Wu JJ, Hou PY, Cole DC, Geller S, Kwiatkowski A, Glancy S, Knill E, Slichter DH, Wilson AC, Leibfried D. High-Fidelity Indirect Readout of Trapped-Ion Hyperfine Qubits. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:160503. [PMID: 35522486 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.160503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate a protocol for high-fidelity indirect readout of trapped ion hyperfine qubits, where the state of a ^{9}Be^{+} qubit ion is mapped to a ^{25}Mg^{+} readout ion using laser-driven Raman transitions. By partitioning the ^{9}Be^{+} ground-state hyperfine manifold into two subspaces representing the two qubit states and choosing appropriate laser parameters, the protocol can be made robust to spontaneous photon scattering errors on the Raman transitions, enabling repetition for increased readout fidelity. We demonstrate combined readout and back-action errors for the two subspaces of 1.2_{-0.6}^{+1.1}×10^{-4} and 0_{-0}^{+1.9}×10^{-5} with 68% confidence while avoiding decoherence of spectator qubits due to stray resonant light that is inherent to direct fluorescence detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Erickson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jenny J Wu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Pan-Yu Hou
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Daniel C Cole
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Shawn Geller
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Alex Kwiatkowski
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Scott Glancy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Emanuel Knill
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Daniel H Slichter
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Dietrich Leibfried
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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20
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Caudri D, Nixon GM, Nielsen A, Mai L, Hafekost CR, Kapur N, Seton C, Tai A, Blecher G, Ambler G, Bergman PB, Vora KA, Crock P, Verge CF, Tham E, Musthaffa Y, Lafferty AR, Jacoby P, Wilson AC, Downs J, Choong CS. Sleep-disordered breathing in Australian children with Prader-Willi syndrome following initiation of growth hormone therapy. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:248-255. [PMID: 34397126 PMCID: PMC9290886 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM In children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), growth hormone (GH) improves height and body composition; however, may be associated with worsening sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Some studies have reported less SDB after GH initiation, but follow-up with polysomnography is still advised in most clinical guidelines. METHODS This retrospective, multicentre study, included children with PWS treated with GH at seven PWS treatment centres in Australia over the last 18 years. A paired analysis comparing polysomnographic measures of central and obstructive SDB in the same child, before and after GH initiation was performed with Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The proportion of children who developed moderate/severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) was calculated with their binomial confidence intervals. RESULTS We included 112 patients with available paired data. The median age at start of GH was 1.9 years (range 0.1-13.5 years). Median obstructive apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI) at baseline was 0.43/h (range 0-32.9); 35% had an obstructive AHI above 1.0/h. Follow-up polysomnography within 2 years after the start of GH was available in 94 children who did not receive OSA treatment. After GH initiation, there was no change in central AHI. The median obstructive AHI did not increase significantly (P = 0.13), but 12 children (13%, CI95% 7-21%) developed moderate/severe OSA, with clinical management implications. CONCLUSIONS Our findings of a worsening of OSA severity in 13% of children with PWS support current advice to perform polysomnography after GH initiation. Early identification of worsening OSA may prevent severe sequelae in a subgroup of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Caudri
- Telethon Kids Institute, The Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia,Department of Paediatric PulmonologyErasmus MC – Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gillian M Nixon
- Melbourne Children's Sleep CentreMonash Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of PaediatricsMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Aleisha Nielsen
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's HospitalPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Linda Mai
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Claire R Hafekost
- Telethon Kids Institute, The Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Nitin Kapur
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,School of Clinical Medicine, University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Chris Seton
- Department of Sleep MedicineChildren's Hospital WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Andrew Tai
- Respiratory and Sleep DepartmentWomen's and Children's HospitalAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia,Robinson Research Institute, University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Greg Blecher
- Department of Sleep MedicineSydney Children's HospitalRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Geoff Ambler
- The Sydney Children's Hospitals NetworkWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Philip B Bergman
- Department of PaediatricsMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & DiabetesMonash Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Komal A Vora
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesJohn Hunter Children's HospitalNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Patricia Crock
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesJohn Hunter Children's HospitalNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Charles F Verge
- Department of EndocrinologySydney Children's HospitalRandwickNew South WalesAustralia,School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Elaine Tham
- Endocrinology and Diabetes DepartmentWomen's and Children's HospitalAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Yassmin Musthaffa
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesQueensland Children's HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Department of PaediatricsLogan HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Antony R Lafferty
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesCanberra HospitalGarranAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia,Medical School, Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Peter Jacoby
- Telethon Kids Institute, The Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's HospitalPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia,Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jenny Downs
- Telethon Kids Institute, The Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Catherine S Choong
- Telethon Kids Institute, The Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia,Department of EndocrinologyPerth Children's HospitalPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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21
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Mirman AM, Corlier J, Wilson AC, Tadayonnejad R, Marder KG, Pleman CM, Krantz DE, Wilke SA, Levitt JG, Ginder ND, Ojha R, Daskalakis ZJ, Leuchter AF, Lee JC. Absence of early mood improvement as a robust predictor of rTMS nonresponse in major depressive disorder. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:123-133. [PMID: 34990046 DOI: 10.1002/da.23237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) are reported to change early in treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). We evaluated early changes in sleep, anxiety, and mood as predictors of nonresponse to rTMS treatment. METHODS Three hundred twenty-nine subjects with nonpsychotic MDD completed a 6-week course of rTMS treatment. Subjects were stratified by the severity of their baseline depression, and had their overall depressive symptoms recorded every week of treatment. We evaluated lack of improvement in sleep, anxiety, and mood symptoms after 1 and 2 weeks as potential predictors of eventual nonresponse, defined as <50% improvement in compositive depressive symptoms after 6 weeks. This was measured as negative predictive value (NPV; the likelihood that lack of early symptom improvement accurately predicted eventual treatment nonresponse). RESULTS Subjects with severe or very severe baseline depression achieving <20% improvement in mood at 1 week were correctly predicted as nonresponders with NPVs largely >90%. At 2 weeks, subjects with very severe baseline depression who failed to demonstrate any improvement in mood were all nonresponders. Lack of improvement in sleep at 2 weeks was also a significant predictor. CONCLUSIONS Identifying a lack of early mood improvement is a practical and robust method to predict rTMS nonresponse. This suggests a treatment protocol change may be indicated in patients with more severe baseline depression showing minimal early mood improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Mirman
- Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Juliana Corlier
- Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Reza Tadayonnejad
- Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Katharine G Marder
- Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christopher M Pleman
- Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David E Krantz
- Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Scott A Wilke
- Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer G Levitt
- Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Ginder
- Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rashi Ojha
- Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan C Lee
- Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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22
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Freislich Z, Stoecklin B, Hemy N, Pillow JJ, Hall GL, Wilson AC, Simpson SJ. The ventilatory response to hypoxia is blunted in some preterm infants during the second year of life. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:974643. [PMID: 36389388 PMCID: PMC9661422 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.974643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth and subsequent neonatal ventilatory treatment disrupts development of the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). An attenuated HVR has been identified in preterm neonates, however it is unknown whether the attenuation persists into the second year of life. We investigated the HVR at 12-15 months corrected postnatal age and assessed predictors of a blunted HVR in those born very preterm (<32 weeks gestation). METHODS HVR was measured in infants born very preterm. Hypoxia was induced with a three-step reduction in their fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) from 0.21 to 0.14. Respiratory frequency (f), tidal volume (V T), minute ventilation (V E), inspiratory time (t I), expiratory time (t E), V T/t I, tI/t TOT, V T/t TOT, area under the low-volume loop and peak tidal expiratory flow (PTEF) were measured at the first and third minute of each FIO2. The change in respiratory variables over time was assessed using a repeated measures ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser correction. A blunted HVR was defined as a <10% rise in V E, from normoxia. The relationship between neonatal factors and the magnitude of HVR was assessed using Spearman correlation. RESULTS Thirty nine infants born very preterm demonstrated a mean (SD) HVR of 11.4 (10.1)% (increase in V E) in response to decreasing FIO2 from 0.21 to 0.14. However, 17 infants (44%) failed to increase V E by ≥10% (range -14% to 9%) and were considered to have a blunted response to hypoxia. Males had a smaller HVR than females [ΔV E (-9.1%; -15.4, -2.8; p = 0.007)]. CONCLUSION Infants surviving very preterm birth have an attenuated ventilatory response to hypoxia that persists into the second year of life, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Freislich
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Benjamin Stoecklin
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Basel UKBB, Basel, Switzerland.,School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Naomi Hemy
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - J Jane Pillow
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Graham L Hall
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.,Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.,Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Shannon J Simpson
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.,Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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23
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Tadayonnejad R, Wilson AC, Corlier J, Chu SA, Ngo TDP, Ginder ND, Levitt JG, Wilke SA, Krantz D, Leuchter AF. Treatment of refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder with comorbid major depression with sequential multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Stimul 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.10.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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24
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Chu SA, Tadayonnejad R, Corlier J, Wilson AC, Leuchter AF. Rumination: relationships with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment of major depressive disorder. Brain Stimul 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.10.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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25
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Abstract
Purpose: To describe and explore carer quality of life (QoL) and night-time attendance to their child in parents of non-ambulant youth with Neuromuscular Disorders.Methods: A cross-sectional population-based, comprehensive survey including the Adult Carer QoL (AC-QoL) questionnaire, measures of social context and youths' physical status. Associations between carer-QoL or frequency of parents' night-time attendance with independent variables were explored using linear and logistic regression models, respectively.Results: Parents' perceived lower carer-QoL (mean 76.5/120, SD 18.5) when they attended to their child twice a night or more (n = 17/35) and with shorter time since their child was prescribed noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Parental night-time attendance was not associated with youth's actual use of NIV, but was more likely when youth required assistance to turn in bed, reported frequent sleep discomfort and had more severe joint contractures.Conclusions: To optimize parent carer-QoL, interventions must address parents' frequency of night-time attendance and youths' sleep comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne Travlos
- School of Physiotherapy, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shane Patman
- School of Physiotherapy, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jenny Downs
- Telethon Kids Institute, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dana Hince
- Institute of Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Telethon Kids Institute, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Respiratory Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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26
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Srinivas R, Burd SC, Knaack HM, Sutherland RT, Kwiatkowski A, Glancy S, Knill E, Wineland DJ, Leibfried D, Wilson AC, Allcock DTC, Slichter DH. High-fidelity laser-free universal control of trapped ion qubits. Nature 2021; 597:209-213. [PMID: 34497396 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Universal control of multiple qubits-the ability to entangle qubits and to perform arbitrary individual qubit operations1-is a fundamental resource for quantum computing2, simulation3 and networking4. Qubits realized in trapped atomic ions have shown the highest-fidelity two-qubit entangling operations5-7 and single-qubit rotations8 so far. Universal control of trapped ion qubits has been separately demonstrated using tightly focused laser beams9-12 or by moving ions with respect to laser beams13-15, but at lower fidelities. Laser-free entangling methods16-20 may offer improved scalability by harnessing microwave technology developed for wireless communications, but so far their performance has lagged the best reported laser-based approaches. Here we demonstrate high-fidelity laser-free universal control of two trapped-ion qubits by creating both symmetric and antisymmetric maximally entangled states with fidelities of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively (68 per cent confidence level), corrected for initialization error. We use a scheme based on radiofrequency magnetic field gradients combined with microwave magnetic fields that is robust against multiple sources of decoherence and usable with essentially any trapped ion species. The scheme has the potential to perform simultaneous entangling operations on multiple pairs of ions in a large-scale trapped-ion quantum processor without increasing control signal power or complexity. Combining this technology with low-power laser light delivered via trap-integrated photonics21,22 and trap-integrated photon detectors for qubit readout23,24 provides an opportunity for scalable, high-fidelity, fully chip-integrated trapped-ion quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Srinivas
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA. .,Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. .,Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - S C Burd
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - H M Knaack
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R T Sutherland
- Physics Division, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - A Kwiatkowski
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Glancy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - E Knill
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.,Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D J Wineland
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - D Leibfried
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A C Wilson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D T C Allcock
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - D H Slichter
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.
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27
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Leuchter AF, Wilson AC, Vince-Cruz N, Corlier J. Novel method for identification of individualized resonant frequencies for treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) using repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS): A proof-of-concept study. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:1373-1383. [PMID: 34425244 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), but therapeutic benefit is highly variable. Clinical improvement is related to changes in brain circuits, which have preferred resonant frequencies (RFs) and vary across individuals. OBJECTIVE We developed a novel rTMS-electroencephalography (rTMS-EEG) interrogation paradigm to identify RFs using the association of power/connectivity measures with symptom severity and treatment outcome. METHODS 35 subjects underwent rTMS interrogation at 71 frequencies ranging from 3 to 17 Hz administered to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). rTMS-EEG was used to assess resonance in oscillatory power/connectivity changes (phase coherence [PC], envelope correlation [EC], and spectral correlation coefficient [SCC]) after each frequency. Multiple regression was used to detect relationships between 10 Hz resonance and baseline symptoms as well as clinical improvement after 10 sessions of 10 Hz rTMS treatment. RESULTS Baseline symptom severity was significantly associated with SCC resonance in left sensorimotor (SM; p < 0.0004), PC resonance in fronto-parietal (p = 0.001), and EC resonance in centro-posterior channels (p = 0.002). Subjects significantly improved with 10 sessions of rTMS treatment. Only decreased SCC SM resonance was significantly associated with clinical improvement (r = 0.35, p = 0.04). Subjects for whom 10 Hz SM SCC was highly ranked as an RF among all stimulation frequencies had better outcomes from 10 Hz treatment. CONCLUSIONS Resonance of 10 Hz stimulation measured using SCC correlated with both symptom severity and improvement with 10 Hz rTMS treatment. Research should determine whether this interrogation paradigm can identify individualized rTMS treatment frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Leuchter
- From the TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- From the TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nikita Vince-Cruz
- From the TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Juliana Corlier
- From the TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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28
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Chawla J, Edwards EA, Griffiths AL, Nixon GM, Suresh S, Twiss J, Vandeleur M, Waters KA, Wilson AC, Wilson S, Tai A. Ventilatory support at home for children: A joint position paper from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand/Australasian Sleep Association. Respirology 2021; 26:920-937. [PMID: 34387937 PMCID: PMC9291882 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this position paper on ventilatory support at home for children is to provide expert consensus from Australia and New Zealand on optimal care for children requiring ventilatory support at home, both non-invasive and invasive. It was compiled by members of the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ) and the Australasian Sleep Association (ASA). This document provides recommendations to support the development of improved services for Australian and New Zealand children who require long-term ventilatory support. Issues relevant to providers of equipment and areas of research need are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasneek Chawla
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Edwards
- New Zealand Respiratory & Sleep Institute, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amanda L Griffiths
- Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gillian M Nixon
- Melbourne Children's Sleep Centre, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sadasivam Suresh
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacob Twiss
- New Zealand Respiratory & Sleep Institute, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Moya Vandeleur
- Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen A Waters
- Sleep Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Susan Wilson
- Child Youth Mental Health Services, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Tai
- Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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29
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Keller J, Hou PY, McCormick KC, Cole DC, Erickson SD, Wu JJ, Wilson AC, Leibfried D. Quantum Harmonic Oscillator Spectrum Analyzers. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:250507. [PMID: 34241508 PMCID: PMC10807510 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.250507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Characterization and suppression of noise are essential for the control of harmonic oscillators in the quantum regime. We measure the noise spectrum of a quantum harmonic oscillator from low frequency to near the oscillator resonance by sensing its response to amplitude modulated periodic drives with a qubit. Using the motion of a trapped ion, we experimentally demonstrate two different implementations with combined sensitivity to noise from 500 Hz to 600 kHz. We apply our method to measure the intrinsic noise spectrum of an ion trap potential in a previously unaccessed frequency range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Keller
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Pan-Yu Hou
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Katherine C McCormick
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Daniel C Cole
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Stephen D Erickson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jenny J Wu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Dietrich Leibfried
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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30
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Lee JC, Corlier J, Wilson AC, Tadayonnejad R, Marder KG, Ngo D, Krantz DE, Wilke SA, Levitt JG, Ginder ND, Leuchter AF. Subthreshold stimulation intensity is associated with greater clinical efficacy of intermittent theta-burst stimulation priming for Major Depressive Disorder. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:1015-1021. [PMID: 34186465 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent theta-burst stimulation priming (iTBS-P) can improve clinical outcome of patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) who do not show early benefit from 10 Hz stimulation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), also known as high-frequency left-sided (HFL) stimulation. The intensity and pulse number for iTBS-P needed to induce clinical benefit have not been systematically examined. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of intensity and pulse number on the clinical efficacy of iTBS-P. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of 71 participants who received at least five sessions of HFL with limited clinical benefit and received iTBS-P augmentation for between 5 and 25 sessions. Intensity of iTBS-P priming stimuli ranged from 75 to 120% of motor threshold (MT) and pulse number ranged from 600 to 1800. Associations among intensity, pulse number, and clinical outcome were analyzed using a mixed methods linear model with change in IDS-SR as the primary outcome variable, priming stimulation intensity (subthreshold or suprathreshold), pulse number (<1200 or >1200 pulses), and gender as fixed factors, and number of iTBS-P treatments and age as continuous covariates. RESULTS Subjects who received subthreshold intensity iTBS-P experienced greater reduction in depressive symptoms than those who received suprathreshold iTBS-P (p = 0.011) with no effect of pulse number after controlling for stimulus intensity. CONCLUSIONS Subthreshold intensity iTBS-P was associated with greater clinical improvement than suprathreshold stimulation. This finding is consistent with iTBS-P acting through homeostatic plasticity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Lee
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
| | - Juliana Corlier
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Reza Tadayonnejad
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA; California Institute of Technology, Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Katharine G Marder
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Doan Ngo
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - David E Krantz
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Scott A Wilke
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Jennifer G Levitt
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Ginder
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Renae Dayman
- Department of Paediatric Rehabilitation Perth Children’s Hospital Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Andrew C. Wilson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Perth Children’s Hospital Nedlands WA Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute Nedlands WA Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - A. Marie Blackmore
- Telethon Kids Institute Nedlands WA Australia
- Research Ability Centre Coolbinia WA Australia
| | - Katherine Langdon
- Department of Paediatric Rehabilitation Perth Children’s Hospital Nedlands WA Australia
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32
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Gibson N, Blackmore AM, Chang AB, Cooper MS, Jaffe A, Kong W, Langdon K, Moshovis L, Pavleski K, Wilson AC. Prevention and management of respiratory disease in young people with cerebral palsy: consensus statement. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:172-182. [PMID: 32803795 PMCID: PMC7818421 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory illness is the leading cause of mortality in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Although risk factors for developing chronic respiratory illness have been identified, comprehensive clinical care recommendations for the prevention and management of respiratory illness do not currently exist. We invited over 200 clinicians and researchers from multiple disciplines with expertise in the management of respiratory illness in children with CP to develop care recommendations using a modified Delphi method on the basis of the RAND Corporation-University of California Los Angeles Appropriateness Method. These recommendations are intended for use by the wide range of practitioners who care for individuals living with CP. They provide a framework for recognizing multifactorial primary and secondary potentially modifiable risk factors and for providing coordinated multidisciplinary care. We describe the methods used to generate the consensus recommendations, and the overall perspective on assessment, prevention, and treatment of respiratory illness in children with CP. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: The first consensus statement for preventing and managing respiratory disease in cerebral palsy (CP). Risk factors for respiratory disease in CP should be identified early. Individuals with CP at risk of respiratory disease require regular assessment of risk factors. Effective partnerships between multidisciplinary teams, individuals with CP, and families are essential. Treatment of respiratory disease in individuals with CP must be proactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noula Gibson
- PhysiotherapyPerth Children’s HospitalNedlandsWAAustralia
- Research, Ability CentreMount LawleyWAAustralia
| | | | - Anne B Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicineQueensland Children’s HospitalQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Monica S Cooper
- Department of Neurodevelopment and DisabilityThe Royal Children’s HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- School of Women’s and Children’s HealthUNSW MedicineUNSWSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Wee‐Ren Kong
- Department of PhysiotherapyWomen’s and Children’s HospitalAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Katherine Langdon
- Paediatric RehabilitationPerth Children’s HospitalNedlandsWAAustralia
| | - Lisa Moshovis
- Therapy and Health ServicesAbility CentreMount LawleyWAAustralia
| | | | - Andrew C Wilson
- Respiratory MedicinePerth Children’s HospitalNedlandsWAAustralia
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Todaro SL, Verma VB, McCormick KC, Allcock DTC, Mirin RP, Wineland DJ, Nam SW, Wilson AC, Leibfried D, Slichter DH. State Readout of a Trapped Ion Qubit Using a Trap-Integrated Superconducting Photon Detector. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:010501. [PMID: 33480763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report high-fidelity state readout of a trapped ion qubit using a trap-integrated photon detector. We determine the hyperfine qubit state of a single ^{9}Be^{+} ion held in a surface-electrode rf ion trap by counting state-dependent ion fluorescence photons with a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector fabricated into the trap structure. The average readout fidelity is 0.9991(1), with a mean readout duration of 46 μs, and is limited by the polarization impurity of the readout laser beam and by off-resonant optical pumping. Because there are no intervening optical elements between the ion and the detector, we can use the ion fluorescence as a self-calibrated photon source to determine the detector quantum efficiency and its dependence on photon incidence angle and polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Todaro
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - V B Verma
- Applied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - K C McCormick
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D T C Allcock
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - R P Mirin
- Applied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - D J Wineland
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - S W Nam
- Applied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - A C Wilson
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - D Leibfried
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - D H Slichter
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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O'Dea CA, Logie K, Wilson AC, Pillow JJ, Murray C, Banton G, Simpson SJ, Hall GL, Maiorana A. Lung abnormalities do not influence aerobic capacity in school children born preterm. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 121:489-498. [PMID: 33141263 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children born preterm have impaired lung function and altered lung structure. However, there are conflicting reports on how preterm birth impacts aerobic exercise capacity in childhood. We aimed to investigate how neonatal history and a diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) impact the relationship between function and structure of the lung, and aerobic capacity in school-aged children born very preterm. METHODS Preterm children (≤ 32 w completed gestation) aged 9-12 years with (n = 38) and without (n = 35) BPD, and term-born controls (n = 31), underwent spirometry, lung volume measurements, gas transfer capacity, a high-resolution computer tomography (CT) scan of the chest, and an incremental treadmill exercise test. RESULTS Children born preterm with BPD had an elevated breathing frequency to tidal volume ratio compared to term controls (76% vs 63%, p = 0.002). The majority (88%) of preterm children had structural changes on CT scan. There were no differences in peak V̇O2 (47.1 vs 47.7 mL/kg/min, p = 0.407) or oxygen uptake efficiency slope when corrected for body weight (67.6 vs 67.3, p = 0.5) between preterm children with BPD and term controls. There were no differences in any other exercise outcomes. The severity of structural lung disease was not associated with exercise outcomes in this preterm population. CONCLUSION Children born preterm have impaired lung function, and a high prevalence of structural lung abnormalities. However, abnormal lung function and structure do not appear to impact on the aerobic exercise capacity of preterm children at school age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A O'Dea
- Respiratory Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Karla Logie
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Respiratory Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - J Jane Pillow
- Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Conor Murray
- Diagnostic Imaging, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Shannon J Simpson
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Graham L Hall
- Respiratory Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew Maiorana
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia. .,Allied Health Department and Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Service, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Wilson AC, Bishop DVM. Judging meaning: A domain-level difference between autistic and non-autistic adults. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:200845. [PMID: 33391789 PMCID: PMC7735364 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We tested whether autistic adults would show selective difficulties across several tests of inferencing and social understanding in the context of average-range core language ability. One-hundred and ninety-one participants completed an online battery, and data were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis. Results showed that vocabulary knowledge was separate from other measures, which collectively formed a 'receptive communication' factor. Autistic people underperformed on the 'receptive communication' factor but showed more advanced vocabulary knowledge than non-autistic participants. Lower performance among autistic adults on the test battery predicted face-to-face communication difficulties measured by self-report and researcher ratings, with moderate effect sizes. Follow-up analysis indicated three further findings. We hypothesized that differences would arise from an isolated 'theory of mind' difficulty in autistic people, but instead the data suggested more general information-processing differences when making judgements about communicative stimuli. Second, substantial group differences on a test of implied meaning were only partly explained at the factor level, suggesting that multiple cognitive influences underpinned these differences. Finally, autistic women tended to perform better than autistic men. Our results support the idea of a subtle domain-level difference in pragmatics in autistic people, while questioning the basis of this difference and highlighting substantial variability in skills across groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Wilson
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - D V M Bishop
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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Tadayonnejad R, Wilson AC, Corlier J, Lee JC, Ginder ND, Levitt JG, Wilke SA, Marder KG, Krantz D, Bari AA, Feusner JD, Pouratian N, Leuchter AF. Sequential multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder with comorbid major depression: A case series. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:1600-1602. [PMID: 33065361 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Tadayonnejad
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, USA; Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, USA
| | - Juliana Corlier
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, USA
| | - Jonathan C Lee
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Ginder
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, USA
| | - Jennifer G Levitt
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, USA
| | - Scott A Wilke
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, USA
| | - Katharine G Marder
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, USA
| | - David Krantz
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, USA
| | - Ausaf A Bari
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Nader Pouratian
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, USA
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Cook IA, Wilson AC, Peters JM, Goyal MN, Bebin EM, Northrup H, Krueger D, Leuchter AF, Sahin M. EEG Spectral Features in Sleep of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:916-923. [PMID: 31811616 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem disorder with increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This project aimed to characterize the autism phenotype of TSC and identify biomarkers of risk for ASD. Because abnormalities of EEG during sleep are tied to neurodevelopment in children, we compared electroencephalographic (EEG) measures during Stage II sleep in TSC children who either did (ASD+) or did not (ASD-) exhibit symptoms of ASD over 36-month follow up. Relative alpha band power was significantly elevated in the ASD+ group at 24 months of age with smaller differences at younger ages, suggesting this may arise from differences in brain development. These findings suggest that EEG features could enhance the detection of risk for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Cook
- Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, #57-456, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering at Applied Science, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, #57-456, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Jurriaan M Peters
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Monisha N Goyal
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Avenue S, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - E Martina Bebin
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Avenue S, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Hope Northrup
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, 3.126 BBSB, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Darcy Krueger
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7004, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- Neuromodulation Division, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, #57-456, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Corlier J, Burnette E, Wilson AC, Lou JJ, Landeros A, Minzenberg MJ, Leuchter AF. Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) on cognitive control. J Affect Disord 2020; 265:272-277. [PMID: 32090751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is commonly accompanied by cognitive control dysfunction that may persist after remission of clinical symptoms with antidepressant medication treatment. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment alternative for medication-resistant MDD. In this study, we investigated whether rTMS treatment had a beneficial effect not only on depressive symptoms, but on also cognitive control dysfunction. METHODS 77 subjects with MDD received a 30-session treatment course of 10 Hz rTMS administered at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Treatment efficacy was assessed using the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Rated (IDS-SR) before and after treatment, with clinical response defined as 50% or greater decrease in the IDS-SR score at treatment 30. Cognitive control function was assessed before and after treatment using the Stroop word-color interference task. We examined changes in Stroop accuracy and reaction time for congruent and incongruent trials, as well as in relation to changes in depressive symptoms. RESULTS Performance accuracy improved particularly for the rTMS responders in the incongruent condition, with older subjects benefitting most from the rTMS treatment. Improvement in reaction times was positively associated with clinical improvement, especially in the incongruent condition. LIMITATIONS We used a single cognitive task in a naturalistic setting without control for individual rTMS treatment parameters or concomitant medication. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results indicate that rTMS treatment for MDD has beneficial effects on psychomotor speed and cognitive control. Future studies should extend these findings to larger patient populations and other cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Corlier
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Elizabeth Burnette
- Interdepartmental Program for Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jerry J Lou
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adrian Landeros
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Andrew F Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Abstract
Rates of preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation) are increasing worldwide. Improved perinatal care has markedly increased survival of very (<32 weeks gestation) and extremely (<28 weeks gestation) preterm infants, however, long term respiratory sequalae are common among survivors. Importantly, individual's lung function trajectories are determined early in life and tend to track over the life course. Preterm infants are impacted by antenatal, postnatal and early life perturbations to normal lung growth and development, potentially resulting in significant shifts from the "normal" lung function trajectory. This review summarizes what is currently known about the long-term lung function trajectories in survivors of preterm birth. Further, this review highlights how antenatal, perinatal and early life factors are likely to contribute to individual lung health trajectories across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T D Gibbons
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Shannon J Simpson
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Marpole R, Blackmore AM, Gibson N, Cooper MS, Langdon K, Wilson AC. Evaluation and Management of Respiratory Illness in Children With Cerebral Palsy. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:333. [PMID: 32671000 PMCID: PMC7326778 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of disability in childhood. Respiratory illness is the most common cause of mortality, morbidity, and poor quality of life in the most severely affected children. Respiratory illness is caused by multiple and combined factors. This review describes these factors and discusses assessments and treatments. Oropharyngeal dysphagia causes pulmonary aspiration of food, drink, and saliva. Speech pathology assessments evaluate safety and adequacy of nutritional intake. Management is holistic and may include dental care, and interventions to improve nutritional intake, and ease, and efficiency of feeding. Behavioral, medical, and surgical approaches to drooling aim to reduce salivary aspiration. Gastrointestinal dysfunction, leading to aspiration from reflux, should be assessed objectively, and may be managed by lifestyle changes, medications, or surgical interventions. The motor disorder that defines cerebral palsy may impair fitness, breathing mechanics, effective coughing, and cause scoliosis in individuals with severe impairments; therefore, interventions should maximize physical, musculoskeletal functions. Airway clearance techniques help to clear secretions. Upper airway obstruction may be treated with medications and/or surgery. Malnutrition leads to poor general health and susceptibility to infection, and improved nutritional intake may improve not only respiratory health but also constipation, gastroesophageal reflux, and participation in activities. There is some evidence that children with CP carry pathogenic bacteria. Prophylactic antibiotics may be considered for children with recurrent exacerbations. Uncontrolled seizures place children with CP at risk of respiratory illness by increasing their risk of salivary aspiration; therefore optimal control of epilepsy may reduce respiratory illness. Respiratory illnesses in children with CP are sometimes diagnosed as asthma; a short trial of asthma medications may be considered, but should be discontinued if ineffective. Overall, management of respiratory illness in children with CP is complex and needs well-coordinated multidisciplinary teams who communicate clearly with families. Regular immunizations, including annual influenza vaccination, should be encouraged, as well as good oral hygiene. Treatments should aim to improve quality of life for children and families and reduce burden of care for carers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Marpole
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - A Marie Blackmore
- Research, Ability Centre, Perth, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Noula Gibson
- Research, Ability Centre, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Monica S Cooper
- Department of Neurodevelopment and Disability, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Developmental Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Langdon
- Department of Paediatric Rehabilitation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Blackmore AM, Gibson N, Cooper MS, Langdon K, Moshovis L, Wilson AC. Interventions for management of respiratory disease in young people with cerebral palsy: A systematic review. Child Care Health Dev 2019; 45:754-771. [PMID: 31276598 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory disease is a leading cause of hospitalizations and deaths in young people with cerebral palsy (CP). It is insidious and multifactorial. Clinical management can be complex. This systematic review describes effects of interventions for the prevention and management of respiratory disease in young people with CP. METHODS Nine databases (Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase, EMCare, MEDLINE, PEDro, OpenGrey, ScienceDirect, and SpeechBITE) were searched. Eligibility criteria were as follows: the population included at least 50% individuals with CP aged under 26 years, the intervention was for chronic respiratory illness, the outcomes were any measurable indicators of respiratory health or morbidity; the study design could be any original study reporting effects of an intervention on measurable outcomes, and the study was published January 1998 or later. The American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine methodology guided study appraisal and synthesis. The review was registered with PROSPERO (reference number CRD42018086314). RESULTS The search yielded 3,347 papers; 37 papers (reporting 34 studies) of these met the eligibility criteria. They included 582 participants with CP (ranging from 1 to 77 across studies) with ages from 5 months to 25 years. Interventions were diverse and included: airway clearance techniques, exercise, positioning, mealtime management, salivary management, upper airway interventions, antibiotics, gastro-intestinal interventions, and spinal surgery. There were no interventions aimed at prevention of respiratory disease in this population. Research designs were classified as Levels 2 (n = 3), 3 (n = 2), 4 (n = 25), and 5 (n = 4). CONCLUSIONS Evidence for most respiratory interventions for young people with CP is absent or weak. No controlled trials demonstrated significant effects on respiratory morbidity, owing to their scarcity, weak designs, and inadequate power. There is an urgent need for well-designed prospective controlled studies investigating prevention and management of respiratory disease in young people with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noula Gibson
- Research, Ability Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Monica S Cooper
- Department of Neurodevelopment & Disability, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Langdon
- Paediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Paediatric Rehabilitation, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa Moshovis
- Mealtime Service, Ability Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Department, Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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McCormick KC, Keller J, Burd SC, Wineland DJ, Wilson AC, Leibfried D. Quantum-enhanced sensing of a single-ion mechanical oscillator. Nature 2019; 572:86-90. [PMID: 31332388 PMCID: PMC6986265 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Special quantum states are used in metrology to achieve sensitivities below the limits established by classically behaving states1,2. In bosonic interferometers, squeezed states3, number states4,5 and 'Schrödinger cat' states5 have been implemented on various platforms and have demonstrated improved measurement precision over interferometers using coherent states6,7. Another metrologically useful state is an equal superposition of two eigenstates with maximally different energies; this state ideally reaches the full interferometric sensitivity allowed by quantum mechanics8,9. Here we demonstrate the enhanced sensitivity of these quantum states in the case of a harmonic oscillator. We extend an existing experimental technique10 to create number states of order up to n = 100 and to generate superpositions of a harmonic oscillator ground state and a number state of the form [Formula: see text] with n up to 18 in the motion of a single trapped ion. Although experimental imperfections prevent us from reaching the ideal Heisenberg limit, we observe enhanced sensitivity to changes in the frequency of the mechanical oscillator. This sensitivity initially increases linearly with n and reaches a maximum at n = 12, where we observe a metrological enhancement of 6.4(4) decibels (the uncertainty is one standard deviation of the mean) compared to an ideal measurement on a coherent state with the same average occupation number. Such measurements should provide improved characterization of motional decoherence, which is an important source of error in quantum information processing with trapped ions11,12. It should also be possible to use the quantum advantage from number-state superpositions to achieve precision measurements in other harmonic oscillator systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C McCormick
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Jonas Keller
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Shaun C Burd
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - David J Wineland
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
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Wan Y, Kienzler D, Erickson SD, Mayer KH, Tan TR, Wu JJ, Vasconcelos HM, Glancy S, Knill E, Wineland DJ, Wilson AC, Leibfried D. Quantum gate teleportation between separated qubits in a trapped-ion processor. Science 2019; 364:875-878. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw9415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Daniel Kienzler
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Stephen D. Erickson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Karl H. Mayer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Ting Rei Tan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jenny J. Wu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Hilma M. Vasconcelos
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Departamento de Engenharia de Teleinformática, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60440, Brazil
| | - Scott Glancy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Emanuel Knill
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - David J. Wineland
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Andrew C. Wilson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
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Cook IA, Wilson AC, Corlier J, Leuchter AF. Brain Activity and Clinical Outcomes in Adults With Depression Treated With Synchronized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: An Exploratory Study. Neuromodulation 2019; 22:894-897. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Cook
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral SciencesDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
- Department of BioengineeringHenry Samueli School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Andrew C. Wilson
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral SciencesDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Juliana Corlier
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral SciencesDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Andrew F. Leuchter
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral SciencesDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
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Sutherland RT, Srinivas R, Burd SC, Leibfried D, Wilson AC, Wineland DJ, Allcock DTC, Slichter DH, Libby SB. Versatile laser-free trapped-ion entangling gates. New J Phys 2019; 21:10.1088/1367-2630/ab0be5. [PMID: 31555055 PMCID: PMC6759860 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ab0be5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a general theory for laser-free entangling gates with trapped-ion hyperfine qubits, using either static or oscillating magnetic-field gradients combined with a pair of uniform microwave fields symmetrically detuned about the qubit frequency. By transforming into a 'bichromatic' interaction picture, we show that eitherσ ^ ϕ ⊗ σ ^ ϕ orσ ^ z ⊗ σ ^ z geometric phase gates can be performed. The gate basis is determined by selecting the microwave detuning. The driving parameters can be tuned to provide intrinsic dynamical decoupling from qubit frequency fluctuations. Theσ ^ z ⊗ σ ^ z gates can be implemented in a novel manner which eases experimental constraints. We present numerical simulations of gate fidelities assuming realistic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Sutherland
- Physics Division, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States of America
| | - R Srinivas
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - S C Burd
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - D Leibfried
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, United States of America
| | - A C Wilson
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, United States of America
| | - D J Wineland
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States of America
| | - D T C Allcock
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States of America
| | - D H Slichter
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, United States of America
| | - S B Libby
- Physics Division, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States of America
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Blackmore AM, Bear N, Blair E, Langdon K, Moshovis L, Steer K, Wilson AC. Predicting respiratory hospital admissions in young people with cerebral palsy. Arch Dis Child 2018; 103:1119-1124. [PMID: 29555725 PMCID: PMC6287554 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-314346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the early predictors of respiratory hospital admissions in young people with cerebral palsy (CP). DESIGN A 3-year prospective cohort study using linked data. PATIENTS Children and young people with CP, aged 1 to 26 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported and carer-reported respiratory symptoms were linked to respiratory hospital admissions (as defined by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision codes) during the following 3 years. RESULTS 482 participants (including 289 males) were recruited. They were aged 1 to 26 years (mean 10 years, 10 months; SD 5 years, 11 months) at the commencement of the study, and represented all Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) levels. During the 3-year period, 55 (11.4%) participants had a total of 186 respiratory hospital admissions, and spent a total of 1475 days in hospital. Statistically significant risk factors for subsequent respiratory hospital admissions over 3 years in univariate analyses were GMFCS level V, at least one respiratory hospital admission in the year preceding the survey, oropharyngeal dysphagia, seizures, frequent respiratory symptoms, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, at least two courses of antibiotics in the year preceding the survey, mealtime respiratory symptoms and nightly snoring. CONCLUSIONS Most risk factors for respiratory hospital admissions are potentially modifiable. Early identification of oropharyngeal dysphagia and the management of seizures may help prevent serious respiratory illness. One respiratory hospital admission should trigger further evaluation and management to prevent subsequent respiratory illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha Bear
- Physiotherapy, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia,Department of Clinical Research and Education, Child Adolescent Health Service, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eve Blair
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Katherine Langdon
- Paediatric Rehabilitation, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa Moshovis
- Therapy and Health Services, Ability Centre, Mount Lawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kellie Steer
- Organisational Effectiveness Unit, Ramsay Health Care, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia,Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
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O'Dea CA, Logie K, Maiorana A, Wilson AC, Pillow JJ, Banton GL, Simpson SJ, Hall GL. Increased prevalence of expiratory flow limitation during exercise in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. ERJ Open Res 2018; 4:00048-2018. [PMID: 30320130 PMCID: PMC6174284 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00048-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence regarding the prevalence of expiratory flow limitation (EFL) during exercise and the ventilatory response to exercise in children born preterm is limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of EFL as well as contributing factors to EFL and the ventilatory response to exercise in preterm children with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Preterm children (≤32 weeks gestational age) aged 9–12 years with (n=64) and without (n=42) BPD and term controls (n=43), performed an incremental treadmill exercise test with exercise tidal flow–volume loops. More preterm children with BPD (53%) had EFL compared with preterm children without BPD (26%) or term controls (28%) (p<0.05). The presence of EFL was independently associated with decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity z-score and lower gestational age (p<0.05). There was no difference in peak oxygen uptake between preterm children with BPD and term controls (48.0 versus 48.4 mL·kg−1·min−1; p=0.063); however, children with BPD had a lower tidal volume at peak exercise (mean difference −27 mL·kg−1, 95% CI −49– −5; p<0.05). Children born preterm without BPD had ventilatory responses to exercise similar to term controls. Expiratory flow limitation is more prevalent in children born preterm with BPD and is associated with airway obstruction and a lower gestational age. Children born preterm have an increased prevalence of expiratory limitation during exercise associated with reduced lung function and lower gestational agehttp://ow.ly/jLsk30leOVI
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A O'Dea
- Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Australia.,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Karla Logie
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Andrew Maiorana
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Allied Health Dept and Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Service, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Australia.,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - J Jane Pillow
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Shannon J Simpson
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Graham L Hall
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Both authors contributed equally
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48
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Depiazzi JE, Forbes RA, Gibson N, Smith NL, Wilson AC, Boyd RN, Hill K. The effect of aquatic high-intensity interval training on aerobic performance, strength and body composition in a non-athletic population: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil 2018; 33:157-170. [DOI: 10.1177/0269215518792039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: In a non-athletic population, to (1) investigate the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training in an aquatic environment (A-HIIT) on aerobic performance, strength, and body composition and (2) report on safety of this approach. Method: A systematic search was undertaken of six databases until May 2018. Trials were eligible for inclusion if they compared the effect of A-HIIT in a non-athletic population with a control group that received no exercise training. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers and meta-analyses were undertaken using a random effects model to produce standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane’s risk of bias tool. All studies were graded using Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Consensus for Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) scales to determine quality of reporting. Results: Eight studies reported over 13 papers met study criteria ( n = 377). Compared with a control group, those who completed a program of A-HIIT demonstrated greater aerobic performance (SMD 0.69 (95% CI 0.39–0.98); I2 = 0%; n = 191) and lower limb muscle strength (SMD 0.30 (95% CI 0.04–0.56); I2 = 0%; n = 237). No differences were seen in measures of body composition or the number of adverse events. All studies were at risk of performance bias. The (mean ± SD) PEDro and CERT scores were 4.9 ± 1.5 and 15.1 ± 2.1, respectively. Conclusion: In a non-athletic population, A-HIIT was safe and may have improved aerobic performance and lower limb strength. The exercise interventions were well described and monitoring and reporting of exercise intensity in water was feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Depiazzi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rachel A Forbes
- Department of Physiotherapy, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Noula Gibson
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nadine L Smith
- Department of Physiotherapy, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Children’s Lung Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Lady Cilento Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kylie Hill
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
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49
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Abu-Sultaneh S, Hobson MJ, Wilson AC, Goggins WC, Nitu ME, Lutfi R. Practice Variation in the Immediate Postoperative Care of Pediatric Kidney Transplantation: A National Survey. Transplant Proc 2018; 49:2060-2064. [PMID: 29149961 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in organ allocation, surgical technique, immunosuppression, and long-term follow-up have led to a significant improvement in kidney transplant outcomes. Although there are clear recommendations for several aspects of kidney transplant management, there are no pediatric-specific guidelines for immediate postoperative care. The aim of this survey is to examine practice variations in the immediate postoperative care of pediatric kidney transplant patients. METHODS We surveyed medical directors of Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI)-affiliated pediatric intensive care units regarding center-specific immediate postoperative management of pediatric kidney transplantation. RESULTS The majority of PALISI centers admit patients to the pediatric intensive care unit postoperatively, and 97% of the centers involve a pediatric nephrologist in immediate postoperative care. Most patients undergo invasive hemodynamic monitoring; 97% of centers monitor invasive arterial blood pressure and 88% monitor central venous pressure. Most centers monitor serum electrolytes every 4 to 6 hours. Wide variation exists regarding blood pressure goal, fluid replacement type, frequency of obtaining kidney ultrasound, and use of prophylactic anticoagulation. CONCLUSION There is consistent practice across PALISI centers in regards to many aspects of immediate postoperative management of pediatric kidney transplantation. However, variation still exists in some management aspects that warrant further discussions to reach a national consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abu-Sultaneh
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - M J Hobson
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - A C Wilson
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - W C Goggins
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - M E Nitu
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - R Lutfi
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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50
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Simpson SJ, Turkovic L, Wilson AC, Verheggen M, Logie KM, Pillow JJ, Hall GL. Lung function trajectories throughout childhood in survivors of very preterm birth: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2018; 2:350-359. [PMID: 30169268 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(18)30064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on longitudinal respiratory follow-up after preterm birth in the surfactant era are scarce and of increasing importance, with concerns that preterm survivors are destined for early onset chronic obstructive airway disease. We aimed to comprehensively assess lung function longitudinally from early childhood to mid-childhood in very preterm children (≤32 weeks gestation), and to explore factors negatively impacting on lung function trajectories. METHODS Preterm children (with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia) and healthy term children as controls were studied. All preterm participants were born at 32 weeks' gestation or earlier at King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia, between 1997 and 2003. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia was defined as at least 28 days of supplemental oxygen requirement as assessed at 36 weeks' post-menstrual age. Spirometry, oscillatory mechanics, gas exchange, lung volumes, and respiratory symptoms were assessed at three visits, two in early childhood (4-8 years) and one in mid-childhood (9-12 years). CT of the chest was done in preterm children in mid-childhood. Respiratory symptoms were documented via questionnaire at each visit. Data were analysed longitudinally using linear mixed models. FINDINGS 200 very preterm children (126 with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and 74 without bronchopulmonary dysplasia) and 67 healthy term control children attended 458 visits between age 4 and 12 years. Chest CT was done on 133 preterm children at a mean age of 10·9 (SD 0·6) years. Preterm children, with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia, had declines in spirometry z-scores over time compared with controls: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of the pulmonary volume, and FEV1/forced vital capacity all declined by at least 0·1 z-score per year in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (all p<0·001). Respiratory mechanics and gas exchange also deteriorated over time in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (relative to term controls, respiratory system reactance at 8 Hz decreased by -0·05 z-score per year [95% CI -0·08 to -0·01; p=0·006] and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide decreased by -0·03 z-score per year [95% CI -0·06 to -0·01; p=0·048]). Preterm children with bronchial wall thickening on chest CT (suggestive of inflammation) had bigger decreases in spirometry outcomes through childhood. For example, children with bronchial wall thickening on chest CT had an FEV1 z-score decline of -0·61 (95% CI -1·03 to-0·19; p=0·005) more than those without. Similarly, children exposed to tobacco smoke, those with earlier gestation, or those requiring more neonatal supplemental oxygen declined at a faster rate. INTERPRETATION Lung function trajectories are impaired in survivors of very preterm birth. Survivors with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, ongoing respiratory symptoms, or CT changes reflecting inflammation have the poorest trajectories and might be at increased risk of lung disease in later life. Close targeted pulmonary follow-up of these individuals is necessary. FUNDING National Health and Medical Research Council grants APP634519, APP1073301 (to SJS), APP1077691 (to JJP), and APP1025550 (to GLH), Princess Margret Hospital Foundation, and Raine Medical Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J Simpson
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | | | - Andrew C Wilson
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Maureen Verheggen
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Karla M Logie
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - J Jane Pillow
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Graham L Hall
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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