151
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Tsuda T, Arihara R, Sato S, Koshiba M, Nakamura S, Hashimoto S. Direct and stereoselective synthesis of β-d-mannosides using 4,6-O-benzylidene-protected mannosyl diethyl phosphite as a donor. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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152
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Grayson EJ, Ward SJ, Hall AL, Rendle PM, Gamblin DP, Batsanov AS, Davis BG. Glycosyl Disulfides: Novel Glycosylating Reagents with Flexible Aglycon Alteration. J Org Chem 2005; 70:9740-54. [PMID: 16292802 DOI: 10.1021/jo051374j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Glycosyl disulfides have been shown for the first time to be effective glycosyl donors. Glucosylation and galactosylation of a panel of representative alcohol acceptors allowed the formation of 28 simple glycosides, disaccharides, and glycoamino acids in yields of up to 90%. As well as providing a novel class of effective glycosyl donors, the ability to easily alter the nature of the aglycon and the ability to differently activate donors that differ only in their aglycon simply through altering conditions lends glycosyl disulfide donors to their use in latent-active reactivity tuning strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, UK, DH1 3LE
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153
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Convenient construction of a variety of glycosidic linkages using a universal glucosyl donor. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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154
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López JC, Agocs A, Uriel C, Gómez AM, Fraser-Reid B. Iterative, orthogonal strategy for oligosaccharide synthesis based on the regioselective glycosylation of polyol acceptors with partially unprotected n-pentenyl-orthoesters: further evidence for reciprocal donor acceptor selectivity (RDAS). Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:5088-90. [PMID: 16220180 DOI: 10.1039/b507468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient iterative, orthogonal protocol based on the regioselective glycosyl coupling of D-mannose polyols with, partially unprotected, n-pentenyl orthoester donors permits the synthesis of linear and branched oligosaccharides with minimal protecting group tampering.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cristóbal López
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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155
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Jayaprakash KN, Lu J, Fraser-Reid B. Synthesis of a Lipomannan Component of the Cell-Wall Complex ofMycobacterium tuberculosis Is Based on Paulsen's Concept of Donor/Acceptor “Match”. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200500505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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156
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Nagai H, Sasaki K, Matsumura S, Toshima K. Environmentally benign beta-stereoselective glycosidations of glycosyl phosphites using a reusable heterogeneous solid acid, montmorillonite K-10. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:337-53. [PMID: 15680589 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2004] [Accepted: 11/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Environmentally benign and stereoselective beta-glycosidations of glycopyranosyl phosphites and alcohols using a reusable heterogeneous solid acid, montmorillonite K-10, as an activator have been developed. By these glycosidations, beta-gluco-, 2-deoxy-beta-gluco-, and beta-mannopyranosides were selectively produced in good to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Nagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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157
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Ramakrishnan A, Pornsuriyasak P, Demchenko AV. Synthesis, Glycosidation, and Hydrolytic Stability of Novel Glycosyl Thioimidates. J Carbohydr Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300500176387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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158
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Madhusudan SK, Agnihotri G, Negi DS, Misra AK. Direct one-pot conversion of acylated carbohydrates into their alkylated derivatives under heterogeneous reaction conditions using solid NaOH and a phase transfer catalyst. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:1373-7. [PMID: 15854608 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2005] [Revised: 03/17/2005] [Accepted: 03/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A convenient one-pot protocol for the direct conversion of acyl-protected carbohydrates into their alkylated counterparts has been developed by using alkyl halides in the presence of solid sodium hydroxide and a phase transfer catalyst. These economically convenient, mild, two-phase reaction conditions allow the preparation of a variety of monosaccharide intermediates for use in the synthesis of complex oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Kamlesh Madhusudan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226 001, UP, India
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159
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Litjens REJN, van den Bos LJ, Codée JDC, van den Berg RJBHN, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA. Sulfonium Triflate Mediated Glycosidations of Aryl 2-Azido-2-deoxy-1-thio-D-mannosides. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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160
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Dondoni A, Marra A, Massi A. Hybrid Solution/Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides by Using Trichloroacetyl Isocyanate as Sequestration-Enabling Reagent of Sugar Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:1672-6. [PMID: 15693044 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200462422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dondoni
- Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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161
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Dondoni A, Marra A, Massi A. Hybrid Solution/Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides by Using Trichloroacetyl Isocyanate as Sequestration-Enabling Reagent of Sugar Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200462422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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162
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Rafiee E, Tangestaninejad S, Habibi MH, Mirkhani V. A mild, efficient and alpha-selective glycosidation by using potassium dodecatungstocobaltate trihydrate as catalyst. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 14:3611-4. [PMID: 15177485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2004] [Revised: 03/13/2004] [Accepted: 03/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of tri-O-acetyl-d-glucal 1 with several alcohols in the presence of catalytic amount of POM (K(5)CoW(12)O(40).3H(2)O) as a heterogeneous, reusable, efficient and environmentally benign catalyst under neutral conditions and ambient temperature gave the corresponding 2,3-unsaturated glycopyranosides in excellent yields, with good anomeric selectivity. This catalyst proved to be not efficient for phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat Rafiee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
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163
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Pornsuriyasak P, Demchenko AV. Glycosyl thioimidates in a highly convergent one-pot strategy for oligosaccharide synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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164
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165
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Codée JDC, Litjens REJN, van den Bos LJ, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA. Thioglycosides in sequential glycosylation strategies. Chem Soc Rev 2005; 34:769-82. [PMID: 16100617 DOI: 10.1039/b417138c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review surveys the use of thioglycosides in the development of sequential glycosylation methodologies, with a focus on chemoselective, orthogonal and iterative glycosylation strategies reported since the beginning of this century. Both fundamental aspects of glycosidic bond formation and ingenious state-of-the-art methodologies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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166
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Tsuda T, Nakamura S, Hashimoto S. A highly stereoselective construction of 1,2-trans-β-glycosidic linkages capitalizing on 2-azido-2-deoxy-d-glycosyl diphenyl phosphates as glycosyl donors. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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167
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Prabhu A, Venot A, Boons GJ. New set of orthogonal protecting groups for the modular synthesis of heparan sulfate fragments. Org Lett 2004; 5:4975-8. [PMID: 14682743 DOI: 10.1021/ol0359261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Six strategically chosen monosaccharide building blocks, which are protected by a novel set of four orthogonal protecting groups (Lev, Fmoc, TBDPS, and All), can be employed for the efficient synthesis of the 20 disaccharide moieties found in heparan sulfate. The properly protected disaccharide building blocks can be converted into glycosyl donors and acceptors, which can be used for the modular synthesis of a wide range of well-defined oligosaccharides that differ in sulfation pattern. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati Prabhu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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168
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Sasaki K, Matsumura S, Toshima K. A novel glycosidation of glycosyl fluoride using a designed ionic liquid and its effect on the stereoselectivity. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.07.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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169
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Posner PG, Motherwell PW. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(04)01396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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170
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Toshima K, Nagai H, Kasumi KI, Kawahara K, Matsumura S. Stereocontrolled glycosidations using a heterogeneous solid acid, sulfated zirconia, for the direct syntheses of α- and β-manno- and 2-deoxyglucopyranosides. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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171
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172
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Abstract
5,7-dihydroxy-3-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (quercetin 3-sophorotrioside), a flavonol triglycoside, isolated from Pisum sativum shoots and showing protective effects on liver injury induced by chemicals, was synthesized for the first time. The target compound was successfully synthesized in eight linear steps and in 39% overall yield through a combination of phase-transfer-catalyzed (PTC) quercetin C-3 glycosylation and silver triflate (AgOTf) promoted carbohydrate chain elongation using both sugar bromide and trichloroacetimidate donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Du
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China.
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173
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Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(04)00315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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174
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175
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Watt GM, Boons GJ. A convergent strategy for the preparation of N-glycan core di-, tri-, and pentasaccharide thioaldoses for the site-specific glycosylation of peptides and proteins bearing free cysteines. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:181-93. [PMID: 14698875 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian glycoprotein biosynthesis produces heterogeneous ranges of proteins that possess the same peptide backbone but differ in the nature and site of glycosylation. This feature has frustrated efforts to develop therapeutic glycoproteins as well as the elucidation of biological functions of individual glycoforms. We have developed an attractive approach to well-defined glycoforms of glycoproteins by oxidative coupling of thioaldoses to cysteine-containing peptides and proteins to give disulfide-linked neoglycoconjugates. To this end, the chemical synthesis di-, tri-, and pentasaccharide N-glycan thioaldoses was undertaken. A convergent approach was used for the preparation of the pentasaccharide containing a 'synthetically difficult' beta-mannoside linkage. This linkage was installed by forming initially the corresponding beta-glucoside-containing pentasaccharide, followed by inversion of configuration at C-2. This approach exploited a levulonyl ester at C-2 of a glucosyl donor, which directed the coupling to give the beta-glucoside exclusively and could be removed selectively using hydrazine acetate without affecting other base-labile functionalities. The resulting alcohol was converted into a triflate, which was displaced by tri-n-butylammonium acetate to give a beta-mannosidic linkage. The trisaccharide N-glycan was prepared in a similar manner. Thioaldoses were prepared by displacing the peracetylated alpha-glycosyl chlorides with thioacetate to give the peracetylated beta-thioacetates, which upon saponification gave the desired compounds. The incubation of molar excesses of chitobiose thioaldose with cysteine-containing glutathione and BSA resulted in the site-specific formation of a disulfide-linked neoglycopeptide and neoglycoprotein, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Watt
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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176
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Posner PG, Motherwell PW. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)01884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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177
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Posner PG, Motherwell PW. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)01130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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178
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Majumdar D, Zhu T, Boons GJ. Synthesis of Oligosaccharides on Soluble High-Molecular-Weight Branched Polymers in Combination with Purification by Nanofiltration. Org Lett 2003; 5:3591-4. [PMID: 14507180 DOI: 10.1021/ol0352355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] An efficient approach for polymer-supported oligosaccharide synthesis is described whereby branched and high-molecular-weight PEG derivatives are used in combination with purification by nanofiltration. This methodology was applied to the preparation of a tetraglucoside and the tumor-associated antigen Le(x).
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Affiliation(s)
- Debatosh Majumdar
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia, 30602-4712, USA
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179
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Chiba H, Funasaka S, Mukaiyama T. Catalytic and Stereoselective Glycosylation with Glucosyl Thioformimidates. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2003. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.76.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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180
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Adinolfi M, Iadonisi A, Schiattarella M. An approach to the highly stereocontrolled synthesis of α-glycosides. Compatible use of the very acid labile dimethoxytrityl protecting group with Yb(OTf)3-promoted glycosidation. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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181
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Nagai H, Matsumura S, Toshima K. Environmentally benign and stereoselective formation of beta-mannosidic linkages utilizing 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-protected mannopyranosyl phosphite and montmorillonite K-10. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:1531-4. [PMID: 12860423 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An environmentally benign and stereoselective beta-mannopyranosylation has been developed employing 4,6-O-benzylidene-protected mannopyranosyl diethyl phosphite as a glycosyl donor and montmorillonite K-10 as an activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Nagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-852, Japan
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182
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183
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Tsukamoto H, Kondo Y. 1-Fluoropyridinium triflates: versatile reagents for transformation of thioglycoside into O-glycoside, glycosyl azide and sulfoxide. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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184
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Posner PG, Motherwell PW. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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185
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Demchenko AV, Wolfert MA, Santhanam B, Moore JN, Boons GJ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of Rhizobium sin-1 lipid A derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:6103-12. [PMID: 12785841 DOI: 10.1021/ja029316s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly convergent strategy for the synthesis of several derivatives of the lipid A of Rhizobium sin-1 has been developed. The approach employed the advanced intermediate 3-O-acetyl-6-O-(3-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-beta-d-glucopyrano-syl)-2-azido-4-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-1-thio-alpha-d-glucopyranoside (5), which is protected in such a way that the anomeric center, the C-2 and C-2' amino groups, and the C-3 and C-3' hydroxyls can be selectively functionalized. The synthetic strategy was used for the preparation of 2-deoxy-6-O-[2-deoxy-3-O-[(R)-3-hydroxy-hexadecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-octacosanoyloxy-hexadecan]amido-beta-d-glucopyranosyl]-2-[(R)-3-hydroxy-hexadecan]amido-3-O-[(R)-3-hydroxy-hexadecanoyl]-alpha-d-glucopyranose (11) and 2-deoxy-6-O-[2-deoxy-3-O-[(R)-3-hydroxy-hexadecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-octacosanoyloxy-hexadecan]amido-beta-d-glucopyranosyl]-2-[(R)-3-hydroxy-hexadecan]amido-3-O-[(R)-3-hydroxy-hexadecanoyl]-d-glucono-1,5-lactone (13), which contain an unusual octacosanoic acid moiety and differ in the oxidation state of the anomeric center. The results of biological studies indicate that 11 and 13 lack the proinflammatory effects of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Furthermore, 13 emulated the ability of heterogeneous R. sin-1 LPS to antagonize enteric LPS, providing evidence for the critical role of the gluconolactone moiety of R. sin-1 LPS in mediating this antagonistic effect. Compound 13 is the first example of a lipid A derivative that is devoid of phosphate but possesses antagonistic properties, making it an attractive lead compound for development of a drug to use in the treatment of Gram-negative septicemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei V Demchenko
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens 30602, USA
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186
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Codée JDC, Litjens REJN, den Heeten R, Overkleeft HS, van Boom JH, van der Marel GA. Ph2SO/Tf2O: a powerful promotor system in chemoselective glycosylations using thioglycosides. Org Lett 2003; 5:1519-22. [PMID: 12713313 DOI: 10.1021/ol034312t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diphenylsulfoxide in combination with triflic anhydride provides a very potent thiophilic glycosylation promotor system, capable of activating disarmed thioglycosides. The usefulness of this novel thiophilic activator is illustrated in a successful chemoselective glycosylation sequence in which the donor thioglycoside in the first condensation step may be either armed or disarmed. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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187
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Xia J, Alderfer JL, Locke RD, Piskorz CF, Matta KL. Complex oligosaccharide investigations: synthesis of an octasaccharide incorporating the dimeric Le(x) structure of PSGL-1. J Org Chem 2003; 68:2752-9. [PMID: 12662048 DOI: 10.1021/jo020698u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of an octasaccharide containing the dimeric Le(x) oligosaccharide structure found in PSGL-1 carbohydrate chains is reported. Several approaches were investigated employing regioselective and stereoselective glycosylation procedures, and a novel Lewis(x) trisaccharide donor, 7, was prepared and utilized as a key intermediate building block in the scheme developed for the construction of octasaccharide 3. Toward the preparation of 7, investigations into the influence of different protecting groups upon the relative reactivities of disaccharide acceptor moieties, 25 or 26, and the fucosyl donors, 10 and 11, were conducted using similar glycosylating conditions. Dramatic differences were noted between the effects of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups upon the reactivity of the acceptor hydroxyl. A similar effect upon the glycosylating capability of the donor molecule was, likewise, observed. The repeat use of donor 7 was instrumental in the synthesis of the desired dimeric octasaccharide structure 3. The structure and purity of 3 and important intermediates were fully characterized by DQF-COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, and ESI mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xia
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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188
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Yan F, Mehta S, Eichler E, Wakarchuk WW, Gilbert M, Schur MJ, Whitfield DM. Simplifying oligosaccharide synthesis: efficient synthesis of lactosamine and siaylated lactosamine oligosaccharide donors. J Org Chem 2003; 68:2426-31. [PMID: 12636412 DOI: 10.1021/jo026569v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A practical sequence is described for converting d-glucosamine into peracetylated Gal(beta-1,4)GlcNTroc(beta1-S)Ph and Neu5Ac(alpha-2,3)Gal(beta-1,4)GlcNTroc(beta1-S)Ph building blocks using a synthetic strategy based on chemoenzymatic oligosaccharide synthesis. The known trichloroethoxycarbonyl, N-Troc, protecting group was selected as a suitable protecting group for both enzymatic and chemical reaction conditions. These oligosaccharide building blocks proved effective donors for the beta-selective glycosylation of the unreactive OH-3 of a polymeric PEG-bound acceptor and for the axial OH-2 of a mannose acceptor in good yields. The resulting complex oligosaccharides are useful for vaccine and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Yan
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Room 3024, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
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189
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Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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190
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Demchenko AV, Malysheva NN, De Meo C. S-Benzoxazolyl (SBox) glycosides as novel, versatile glycosyl donors for stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation. Org Lett 2003; 5:455-8. [PMID: 12583742 DOI: 10.1021/ol0273452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Novel glycosyl donors, S-benzoxazolyl (SBox) glycosides, have been synthesized, tested toward various protecting group manipulations, and applied to the highly stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation. These compounds fulfill the requirements for a modern glycosyl donor such as accessibility, high stability toward protecting group manipulations, and mild activation conditions. It was also demonstrated that SBox glycosides withstand other glycosyl donor activation conditions and therefore allow selective glycosylations of O-pentenyl and thioglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
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191
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Geurtsen R, Boons GJ. Chemoselective glycosylations of sterically hindered glycosyl acceptors. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)02334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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192
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Posner G, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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193
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Demchenko AV, De Meo C. Semi-orthogonality of O-pentenyl and S-ethyl glycosides: application for the oligosaccharide synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)02235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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194
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Arranz-Plaza E, Tracy AS, Siriwardena A, Pierce JM, Boons GJ. High-avidity, low-affinity multivalent interactions and the block to polyspermy in Xenopus laevis. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:13035-46. [PMID: 12405830 DOI: 10.1021/ja020536f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of the lectin XL35 with the jelly coat protein (JCP) surrounding oocytes in Xenopus laevis is essential for the block to polyspermy. The molecular details of this event are poorly understood, and the present study has been undertaken with a view to delineating the mechanism of formation of the fertilization envelope. A range of JCP-derived oligosaccharides were synthesized, and all were installed with an artificial aminopropyl arm. This arm allowed the preparation of monovalent derivatives by acetylation of the amino group or the synthesis of polyvalent compounds by attachment to an activated polyacrylamide polymer. A number of analytical techniques, including enzyme-linked lectin assays and surface plasmon resonance, have been developed and utilized to study the interactions of the mono- and polyvalent compounds with XL35. The results reveal that the lectin XL35 has remarkably broad specificity for galactose-containing saccharides and the affinities are only slightly modulated by secondary features, such as anomeric configuration of the terminal sugar or the identity and linkage pattern of branching sugars. Broad specificity was also observed when the saccharides were presented in a polyvalent fashion. The glycopolymers displayed 10-20-fold increases in valency-corrected affinities compared to the corresponding monovalent counterparts. Although the synthetic polymers are not as potent as the JCP, the kinetics of their interactions mirror closely those of the native ligand, and in each case extremely long-lived interactions were observed. The results of this study indicate that, in X. laevis, the true biological function of multivalency is not to create an extremely tightly binding complex between XL35 and its natural ligand but, instead, to create a very stable protective layer that will not dissociate and is yet flexible enough to encapsulate the developing embryo. It is postulated that, even if these partners are unable to attain true equilibrium on the time scale of the biological event, their mode of interaction would, nevertheless, be expected to guarantee an insurmountable physical block to polyspermy. This study has also highlighted that multivalent interactions require a very long time to achieve equilibrium, and this feature may well be the origin of several of the ambiguities reported in the literature when multivalent ligands have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Arranz-Plaza
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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195
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Nagai H, Matsumura S, Toshima K. Environmentally Benign and Stereoselective Construction of 2-Deoxy and 2,6-Dideoxy-β-glycosidic Linkages Employing 2-Deoxy and 2,6-Dideoxyglycosyl Phosphites and Montmorillonite K-10. CHEM LETT 2002. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2002.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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196
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Xia J, Alderfer JL, Srikrishnan T, Chandrasekaran EV, Matta KL. A convergent synthesis of core 2 branched sialylated and sulfated oligosaccharides. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:3673-84. [PMID: 12213483 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A convergent pathway for the syntheses of core 2 oligosaccharide analogues 1 and 2, and a natural form sialylated and sulfated hexasaccharide 3 was developed. Construction of pentasaccharides 24, 27 and hexasaccharide 28 was achieved by complete regioselective glycosylation of the 6-OH in the acceptors 5, 7 and 8, respectively, owing to the much higher reactivity of the primary hydroxyl group over the secondary axial hydroxyl group in these structures. Stereoselective sialylation was accomplished using donor 10 with defined configuration established through X-ray crystallographic analysis. Target oligosaccharides 1-3 were then obtained by the systematic deprotection of intermediates 24, 27 and 29. With these target oligosaccharides 1-3 obtained, biological evaluations of these molecules as enzyme substrates was undertaken and selectin binding studies are planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xia
- Molecular & Cellular Biophysics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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197
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198
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Roy Chowdhury A, Siriwardena A, Boons GJ. A highly convergent approach for the synthesis of disaccharide repeating units of peptidoglycan. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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199
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Campa C, Vetere A, Gamini A, Donati I, Paoletti S. Enzymatic synthesis and characterization of oligosaccharides structurally related to the repeating unit of Pullulan. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 297:382-9. [PMID: 12237130 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A trisaccharide (Glcalpha1-4Glcalpha1-6Glc) and a tetrasaccharide (Glcalpha1-4Glcalpha1-4Glcalpha1-6Glc) the structures of which are related to that of repeating unit of pullulan have been obtained, exploiting the transglycolytic activity of Aspergillus niger cyclodextrin glucanotransferase. Both products were obtained in one-pot reaction using as a donor the alpha-cyclodextrin and as an acceptor the disaccharide isomaltose. The regioselectivity of the reaction was 85% for the tetrasaccharide and 80% for the trisaccharide. The yield of reaction resulted to be 42% for the synthesis of trisaccharide and 25% for that of tetrasaccharide. Purification of products was performed by size exclusion chromatography and by semipreparative reverse phase HPLC after reversible derivatization with 2-aminopyridine. Structural characterization was performed by capillary electrophoresis, ion-spray mass spectrometry, and by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. A comparison of these results with those obtained by using alpha-D-glucosidase, which had been effective for the synthesis of the disaccharide isomaltose, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Campa
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Italy.
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200
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Vetere A, Donati I, Campa C, Semeraro S, Gamini A, Paoletti S. Synthesis and characterization of a novel glycopolymer with protective activity toward human anti-alpha-Gal antibodies. Glycobiology 2002; 12:283-90. [PMID: 12042251 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/12.4.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and rapid synthesis of the derivative of the biocompatible polymer poly(styrene co-maleic acid) with Linear B disaccharide (Galili antigen) was achieved. The oligosaccharide portion was obtained by a transglycosylation reaction catalyzed by coffee bean alpha-D-galactosidase using p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside both as donor and as acceptor. The reaction was carried out in aqueous buffer without any organic cosolvent. The molar yield (30%) and the regioselectivity (82%) were significantly improved with respect to the data so far reported in the literature. The selective reduction of the p-nitrophenyl group afforded the p-aminophenyl derivative of Linear B disaccharide. Linkage of this derivative via an amidic bond to the poly(styrene co-maleic acid) was obtained by using N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide. The products were chemically characterized by ionspray mass spectrometry, infrared, (13)C- and (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance. The glycopolymer specifically reacts with human serum containing antibodies and with a mixture of partially purified human IgG and IgM anti-Linear B. It efficiently protects pig kidney PK15 cells from cytotoxic effects of human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Vetere
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
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