151
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No shortcuts: new findings reinforce why nuance is the rule in genetic autoinflammatory syndromes. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2017; 29:506-515. [PMID: 28604422 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Practitioners dazed by the evolving concept of autoinflammation are in good company. Despite the clinical challenges autoinflammatory patients present, their study has been fundamental to our understanding of basic human inflammation. This review will focus on the ways in which recent discoveries in genetically mediated autoinflammation broaden and refine the concept. RECENT FINDINGS Major developments in pyrin inflammasome biology, defective ubiquitination, and the hyperferritinemic syndromes will be highlighted. SUMMARY We offer a brief discussion of discordance, convergence, genotype, and phenotype in autoinflammation. Additionally, we introduce the concepts of mutation dose effect and hybrid nomenclature. Overall, we hope to provide an update on developments in the field of autoinflammation, some conceptual tools to help navigate the rising tide of discovery, and some encouragement that keeping up with developments in autoinflammation is both exciting and necessary.
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152
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Geoepidemiology and Immunologic Features of Autoinflammatory Diseases: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 54:454-479. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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153
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Metzger J, Nolte A, Uhde AK, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Distl O. Whole genome sequencing identifies missense mutation in MTBP in Shar-Pei affected with Autoinflammatory Disease (SPAID). BMC Genomics 2017; 18:348. [PMID: 28472921 PMCID: PMC5418765 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoinflammatory diseases in dogs are characterized by complex disease processes with varying clinical signs. In Shar-Pei, signs of inflammation including fever and arthritis are known to be related with a breed-specific predisposition for Shar-Pei Autoinflammatory Disease (SPAID). RESULTS Clinical and histopathological examinations of two severely SPAID-affected Shar-Pei revealed signs of inflammation including fever, arthritis, and perivascular and diffuse dermatitis in both dogs. A multifocal accumulation of amyloid in different organs was found in one SPAID-affected case. Whole genome sequencing resulted in 37 variants, which were homozygous mutant private mutations in SPAID-affected Shar-Pei. Nine SNVs with predicted damaging effects and three INDELs were further investigated in 102 Shar-Pei affected with SPAID, 62 unaffected Shar-Pei and 162 controls from 11 different dog breeds. The results showed the missense variant MTBP:g.19383758G > A in MTBP to be highly associated with SPAID in Shar-Pei. In the region of this gene a large ROH (runs of homozygosity) region could be detected exclusively in the two investigated SPAID-affected Shar-Pei compared to control dog breeds. No further SPAID-associated variant with predicted high or moderate effects could be found in genes identified in ROH regions. This MTBP variant was predicted to affect the MDN2-binding protein domain and consequently promote proinflammatory reactions. In the investigated group of Shar-Pei older than six years all dogs with the mutant genotype A/A were SPAID-affected whereas SPAID-unaffected dogs harbored the homozygous wildtype (G/G). Shar-Pei with a heterozygous genotype (G/A) were shown to have a 2.13-fold higher risk for disease development, which gave evidence for an incomplete dominant mode of inheritance. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study give strong evidence for a variant in MTBP related with proinflammatory processes via MTBP-MDM2 pathway. Thus, these results enable a reliable detection of SPAID in Shar-Pei dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Metzger
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Nolte
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Uhde
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marion Hewicker-Trautwein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ottmar Distl
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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154
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Hardy J. Membrane damage is at the core of Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol 2017; 16:342. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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155
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Wekell P, Berg S, Karlsson A, Fasth A. Toward an Inclusive, Congruent, and Precise Definition of Autoinflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:497. [PMID: 28496446 PMCID: PMC5406409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoinflammatory disease was introduced as a concept in 1999, demarcating an entirely new group of diseases in clinical, immunological, and conceptual terms. During recent years, the preconditions for the definition of autoinflammatory conditions have changed. This includes the recent discovery of a number of monogenic autoinflammatory conditions with complex phenotypes that combine autoinflammation with defects of the adaptive and/or innate immune system, resulting in the occurrence of infection, autoimmunity, and/or uncontrolled hyperinflammation in addition to autoinflammation. Further, there are strong indications that classical IL-1-driven autoinflammatory diseases are associated with activation of adaptive immunity. As suggested by this development, we are of the opinion that an all-encompassing definition of autoinflammatory diseases should regard autoinflammatory conditions and innate dysregulation as inseparable and integral parts of the immune system as a whole. Hence, in this article, we try to advance the conceptual understanding of autoinflammatory disease by, proposing a modification of the definition by Daniel Kastner et al., which allows for a congruent and precise description of conditions that expand the immunological spectrum of autoinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Wekell
- Department of Pediatrics, NU-Hospital Group, Uddevalla, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Berg
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Karlsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Fasth
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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156
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Langlais D, Fodil N, Gros P. Genetics of Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases: Overlapping Discoveries from Association and Exome-Sequencing Studies. Annu Rev Immunol 2017; 35:1-30. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Langlais
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada;, ,
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Nassima Fodil
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada;, ,
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Philippe Gros
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada;, ,
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
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157
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Petersen BS, Fredrich B, Hoeppner MP, Ellinghaus D, Franke A. Opportunities and challenges of whole-genome and -exome sequencing. BMC Genet 2017; 18:14. [PMID: 28193154 PMCID: PMC5307692 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the development of sequencing technologies provide researchers with unprecedented possibilities for genetic analyses. In this review, we will discuss the history of genetic studies and the progress driven by next-generation sequencing (NGS), using complex inflammatory bowel diseases as an example. We focus on the opportunities, but also challenges that researchers are facing when working with NGS data to unravel the genetic causes underlying diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Broder Fredrich
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marc P Hoeppner
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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158
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Huber H, Edenhofer S, Estenfelder S, Stilgenbauer S. Profile of venetoclax and its potential in the context of treatment of relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:645-656. [PMID: 28223822 PMCID: PMC5308588 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s102646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, dramatic changes have occurred in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The current standard for young and fit patients with CLL remains chemoimmunotherapy, namely the fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) regimen. However, novel oral therapies are presently being introduced and represent a considerable breakthrough concerning effectiveness and safety profile. In particular, the very high-risk group of CLL patients, defined by the genetic aberration del(17p) and/or TP53 mutation, benefit from the new agents. These genetic abnormalities are the most relevant negative prognostic markers in the context of chemoimmunotherapy. New targeted therapies allow different approaches to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Huber
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simone Edenhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Estenfelder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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159
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Rigante D. A systematic approach to autoinflammatory syndromes: a spelling booklet for the beginner. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2017; 13:571-597. [PMID: 28064547 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1280396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donato Rigante
- Institute of Pediatrics, Periodic Fever Research Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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160
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de Lange KM, Moutsianas L, Lee JC, Lamb CA, Luo Y, Kennedy NA, Jostins L, Rice DL, Gutierrez-Achury J, Ji SG, Heap G, Nimmo ER, Edwards C, Henderson P, Mowat C, Sanderson J, Satsangi J, Simmons A, Wilson DC, Tremelling M, Hart A, Mathew CG, Newman WG, Parkes M, Lees CW, Uhlig H, Hawkey C, Prescott NJ, Ahmad T, Mansfield JC, Anderson CA, Barrett JC. Genome-wide association study implicates immune activation of multiple integrin genes in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Genet 2017; 49:256-261. [PMID: 28067908 PMCID: PMC5289481 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 780] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic association studies have identified 215 risk loci for inflammatory bowel disease, thereby uncovering fundamental aspects of its molecular biology. We performed a genome-wide association study of 25,305 individuals and conducted a meta-analysis with published summary statistics, yielding a total sample size of 59,957 subjects. We identified 25 new susceptibility loci, 3 of which contain integrin genes that encode proteins in pathways that have been identified as important therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease. The associated variants are correlated with expression changes in response to immune stimulus at two of these genes (ITGA4 and ITGB8) and at previously implicated loci (ITGAL and ICAM1). In all four cases, the expression-increasing allele also increases disease risk. We also identified likely causal missense variants in a gene implicated in primary immune deficiency, PLCG2, and a negative regulator of inflammation, SLAMF8. Our results demonstrate that new associations at common variants continue to identify genes relevant to therapeutic target identification and prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loukas Moutsianas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - James C. Lee
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Yang Luo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Division of Genetics and Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Kennedy
- Precision Medicine Exeter, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Luke Jostins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, UK
- Christ Church, University of Oxford, St Aldates, UK
| | - Daniel L. Rice
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Sun-Gou Ji
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Graham Heap
- Precision Medicine Exeter, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Elaine R. Nimmo
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Wester General Hospital University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cathryn Edwards
- Department of Gastroenterology, Torbay Hospital, Torbay, Devon, UK
| | - Paul Henderson
- Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children,Edinburgh, UK
| | - Craig Mowat
- Department of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Jeremy Sanderson
- Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas’ Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, London, UK
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Wester General Hospital University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alison Simmons
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - David C. Wilson
- Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Mark Tremelling
- Gastroenterology & General Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Ailsa Hart
- Department of Medicine, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
| | - Christopher G. Mathew
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - William G. Newman
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Miles Parkes
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charlie W. Lees
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Wester General Hospital University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Holm Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and the Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Hawkey
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Natalie J. Prescott
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tariq Ahmad
- Precision Medicine Exeter, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - John C. Mansfield
- Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carl A. Anderson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jeffrey C. Barrett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
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161
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How I manage ibrutinib-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2017; 129:1270-1274. [PMID: 28096090 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-693598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib has dramatically changed the management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although responses have been durable in the majority of patients, relapses do occur, especially in the high-risk patient population. Most relapses occur as the result of acquired mutations in BTK and PLCG2, which may facilitate success with alternative targeted therapies. As outcomes after ibrutinib relapse have been reported to be poor, specific strategies are needed for this patient population. Here, I discuss the diagnosis and management of ibrutinib-refractory CLL. The focus will be on common clinical scenarios that can be mistaken for relapse and how to accurately determine which patients are relapsing. Because there is no established standard of care, I discuss currently available options for standard therapy and existing clinical data. I also discuss new agents with the potential to be effective in patients refractory to ibrutinib. Finally, I discuss strategies for long-term disease control in this patient population.
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162
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Genome-wide association study implicates immune activation of multiple integrin genes in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Genet 2017. [PMID: 28067908 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3760.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Genetic association studies have identified 215 risk loci for inflammatory bowel disease, thereby uncovering fundamental aspects of its molecular biology. We performed a genome-wide association study of 25,305 individuals and conducted a meta-analysis with published summary statistics, yielding a total sample size of 59,957 subjects. We identified 25 new susceptibility loci, 3 of which contain integrin genes that encode proteins in pathways that have been identified as important therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease. The associated variants are correlated with expression changes in response to immune stimulus at two of these genes (ITGA4 and ITGB8) and at previously implicated loci (ITGAL and ICAM1). In all four cases, the expression-increasing allele also increases disease risk. We also identified likely causal missense variants in a gene implicated in primary immune deficiency, PLCG2, and a negative regulator of inflammation, SLAMF8. Our results demonstrate that new associations at common variants continue to identify genes relevant to therapeutic target identification and prioritization.
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163
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Vela CM, McBride A, Jaglowski SM, Andritsos LA. Ibrutinib for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2016; 73:367-75. [PMID: 26953281 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp140760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, and safety of ibrutinib are described. SUMMARY Ibrutinib is a first-in-class oral inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) approved for treatment of relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Ibrutinib blocks downstream signaling of the B-cell receptor, disrupting stromal microenvironment interactions and B-cell cytokine signaling. BTK inhibition has been shown to be effective in relapsed or refractory CLL. A recent Phase III study evaluated ibrutinib (420 mg daily) versus ofatumumab (consistent with labeling) in relapsed or refractory CLL with a primary endpoint of progression free survival (PFS, n = 391). After a median follow-up period of 9.4 months, a PFS was not attained in ibrutinib-treated individuals with and without deletion 17p. In contrast, ofatumumab-treated individuals experienced a PFS of 8.1 months and those with deletion 17p experienced a PFS of 5.8 months. Major hemorrhage was reported in 2 (1%) patients treated with ibrutinib, and a total of 8 (4%) patients discontinued treatment due to toxicity or adverse reactions. Partial response or partial response with lymphocytosis was achieved in 63% of ibrutinib-treated individuals as determined by independent assessments. Overall, ibrutinib reduced the rate of mortality by 57%. CONCLUSION Ibrutinib is a first-in-class, orally active, irreversible BTK inhibitor with a novel mechanism of action. This unique mechanism of action and high overall response rates observed in clinical trials make ibrutinib an attractive second-line option in patients who have disease progression while receiving monoclonal antibody therapy or chemoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M Vela
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL.
| | - Ali McBride
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tuscon, AZ
| | - Samantha M Jaglowski
- Division of Hematology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Leslie A Andritsos
- Division of Hematology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
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164
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Ueda N, Ida H, Washio M, Miyahara H, Tokunaga S, Tanaka F, Takahashi H, Kusuhara K, Ohmura K, Nakayama M, Ohara O, Nishikomori R, Minota S, Takei S, Fujii T, Ishigatsubo Y, Tsukamoto H, Tahira T, Horiuchi T. Clinical and Genetic Features of Patients WithTNFRSF1AVariants in Japan: Findings of a Nationwide Survey. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:2760-2771. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroaki Ida
- Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume Japan
| | | | - Hisaaki Miyahara
- National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center; Fukuoka Japan
| | | | - Fumiko Tanaka
- National Hospital Organization Ureshino Medical Center; Ureshino Japan
| | | | - Koichi Kusuhara
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health; Kitakyushu Japan
| | | | | | - Osamu Ohara
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute; Kisarazu Japan
| | | | | | - Shuji Takei
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Health Science; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Takao Fujii
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
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165
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Walliser C, Hermkes E, Schade A, Wiese S, Deinzer J, Zapatka M, Désiré L, Mertens D, Stilgenbauer S, Gierschik P. The Phospholipase Cγ2 Mutants R665W and L845F Identified in Ibrutinib-resistant Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients Are Hypersensitive to the Rho GTPase Rac2 Protein. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22136-22148. [PMID: 27542411 PMCID: PMC5063995 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.746842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding phospholipase C-γ2 (PLCγ2) have been shown to be associated with resistance to targeted therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with the Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib. The fact that two of these mutations, R665W and L845F, imparted upon PLCγ2 an ∼2-3-fold ibrutinib-insensitive increase in the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ following ligation of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) led to the assumption that the two mutants exhibit constitutively enhanced intrinsic activity. Here, we show that the two PLCγ2 mutants are strikingly hypersensitive to activation by Rac2 such that even wild-type Rac2 suffices to activate the mutant enzymes upon its introduction into intact cells. Enhanced "basal" activity of PLCγ2 in intact cells is shown using the pharmacologic Rac inhibitor EHT 1864 and the PLCγ2F897Q mutation mediating Rac resistance to be caused by Rac-stimulated rather than by constitutively enhanced PLCγ2 activity. We suggest that R665W and L845F be referred to as allomorphic rather than hypermorphic mutations of PLCG2 Rerouting of the transmembrane signals emanating from BCR and converging on PLCγ2 through Rac in ibrutinib-resistant CLL cells may provide novel drug treatment strategies to overcome ibrutinib resistance mediated by PLCG2 mutations or to prevent its development in ibrutinib-treated CLL patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- COS Cells
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/enzymology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Mutation, Missense
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Phospholipase C gamma/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phospholipase C gamma/genetics
- Phospholipase C gamma/metabolism
- Piperidines
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Pyrones/pharmacology
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- rac GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- rac GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- RAC2 GTP-Binding Protein
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anja Schade
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- the Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Deinzer
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and
| | - Marc Zapatka
- the Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Laurent Désiré
- the Diaxonhit, 63-65 Boulevard Masséna, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Mertens
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University Medical Center, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University Medical Center, 89070 Ulm, Germany
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166
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Salzer E, Santos-Valente E, Keller B, Warnatz K, Boztug K. Protein Kinase C δ: a Gatekeeper of Immune Homeostasis. J Clin Immunol 2016; 36:631-40. [PMID: 27541826 PMCID: PMC5018258 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human autoimmune disorders present in various forms and are associated with a life-long burden of high morbidity and mortality. Many different circumstances lead to the loss of immune tolerance and often the origin is suspected to be multifactorial. Recently, patients with autosomal recessive mutations in PRKCD encoding protein kinase c delta (PKCδ) have been identified, representing a monogenic prototype for one of the most prominent forms of humoral systemic autoimmune diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PKCδ is a signaling kinase with multiple downstream target proteins and with functions in various signaling pathways. Interestingly, mouse models have indicated a special role of the ubiquitously expressed protein in the control of B-cell tolerance revealed by the severe autoimmunity in Prkcd (-/-) knockout mice as the major phenotype. As such, the study of PKCδ deficiency in humans has tremendous potential in enhancing our knowledge on the mechanisms of B-cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Salzer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisangela Santos-Valente
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bärbel Keller
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kaan Boztug
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases and CeRUD Vienna Center for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.
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167
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Understanding the genetic and epigenetic basis of common variable immunodeficiency disorder through omics approaches. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2656-63. [PMID: 27316315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) is the most frequently encountered symptomatic primary immunodeficiency, characterized by highly heterogeneous immunological features and clinical presentations. As better targeted therapies are importantly needed for CVID, improved understanding of the genetic and epigenetic basis for the development of CVID presents the most promising venue for improvement. SCOPE OF REVIEW Several genomic and epigenomic studies of CVID have recently been carried out on cohorts of sporadic cases of CVID. Using high-throughput array and sequencing technologies, these studies identified several loci associated with the disease. Here, we review the omics approaches used in these studies and resulting discoveries. We also discuss how these findings lead to improved understanding of the molecular basis of CVID and possible future directions to pursue. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS High-throughput omics approaches have been productive in genetic and epigenetic studies of CVID, leading to the identifications of several significantly associated loci of different variant types, as well as genes and pathways elucidating the shared genetic basis of CVID and autoimmunity. Complex polygenic model of inheritance together with interplay between genetic components and environmental factors may account for the etiology of CVID and various associated comorbidities. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The genetic and epigenetic basis of CVID when further translated through functional studies will allow for improved understanding of the CVID etiology and will provide new insights into the development of potential new therapeutic approaches for this devastating condition. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "System Genetics" Guest Editor: Dr. Yudong Cai and Dr. Tao Huang.
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168
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Frustaci AM, Montillo M, Picardi P, Mazzucchelli M, Cairoli R, Tedeschi A. Paving the way for new agents; is standard chemotherapy part of the treatment paradigm for chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the future? Expert Rev Hematol 2016; 9:679-93. [DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2016.1191943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Frustaci
- Department of Hematology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Montillo
- Department of Hematology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Picardi
- Department of Hematology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milano, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mazzucchelli
- Department of Hematology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Cairoli
- Department of Hematology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tedeschi
- Department of Hematology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milano, Italy
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169
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Bogaert DJA, Dullaers M, Lambrecht BN, Vermaelen KY, De Baere E, Haerynck F. Genes associated with common variable immunodeficiency: one diagnosis to rule them all? J Med Genet 2016; 53:575-90. [PMID: 27250108 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary antibody deficiency characterised by hypogammaglobulinaemia, impaired production of specific antibodies after immunisation and increased susceptibility to infections. CVID shows a considerable phenotypical and genetic heterogeneity. In contrast to many other primary immunodeficiencies, monogenic forms count for only 2-10% of patients with CVID. Genes that have been implicated in monogenic CVID include ICOS, TNFRSF13B (TACI), TNFRSF13C (BAFF-R), TNFSF12 (TWEAK), CD19, CD81, CR2 (CD21), MS4A1 (CD20), TNFRSF7 (CD27), IL21, IL21R, LRBA, CTLA4, PRKCD, PLCG2, NFKB1, NFKB2, PIK3CD, PIK3R1, VAV1, RAC2, BLK, IKZF1 (IKAROS) and IRF2BP2 With the increasing number of disease genes identified in CVID, it has become clear that CVID is an umbrella diagnosis and that many of these genetic defects cause distinct disease entities. Moreover, there is accumulating evidence that at least a subgroup of patients with CVID has a complex rather than a monogenic inheritance. This review aims to discuss current knowledge regarding the molecular genetic basis of CVID with an emphasis on the relationship with the clinical and immunological phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfien J A Bogaert
- Clinical Immunology Research Lab, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium Department of Pediatric Immunology and Pulmonology, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Melissa Dullaers
- Clinical Immunology Research Lab, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karim Y Vermaelen
- Clinical Immunology Research Lab, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elfride De Baere
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filomeen Haerynck
- Clinical Immunology Research Lab, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium Department of Pediatric Immunology and Pulmonology, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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170
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Burger JA, Landau DA, Taylor-Weiner A, Bozic I, Zhang H, Sarosiek K, Wang L, Stewart C, Fan J, Hoellenriegel J, Sivina M, Dubuc AM, Fraser C, Han Y, Li S, Livak KJ, Zou L, Wan Y, Konoplev S, Sougnez C, Brown JR, Abruzzo LV, Carter SL, Keating MJ, Davids MS, Wierda WG, Cibulskis K, Zenz T, Werner L, Cin PD, Kharchencko P, Neuberg D, Kantarjian H, Lander E, Gabriel S, O'Brien S, Letai A, Weitz DA, Nowak MA, Getz G, Wu CJ. Clonal evolution in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia developing resistance to BTK inhibition. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11589. [PMID: 27199251 PMCID: PMC4876453 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib has been attributed solely to mutations in BTK and related pathway molecules. Using whole-exome and deep-targeted sequencing, we dissect evolution of ibrutinib resistance in serial samples from five chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients. In two patients, we detect BTK-C481S mutation or multiple PLCG2 mutations. The other three patients exhibit an expansion of clones harbouring del(8p) with additional driver mutations (EP300, MLL2 and EIF2A), with one patient developing trans-differentiation into CD19-negative histiocytic sarcoma. Using droplet-microfluidic technology and growth kinetic analyses, we demonstrate the presence of ibrutinib-resistant subclones and estimate subclone size before treatment initiation. Haploinsufficiency of TRAIL-R, a consequence of del(8p), results in TRAIL insensitivity, which may contribute to ibrutinib resistance. These findings demonstrate that the ibrutinib therapy favours selection and expansion of rare subclones already present before ibrutinib treatment, and provide insight into the heterogeneity of genetic changes associated with ibrutinib resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Adult
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase
- Aged, 80 and over
- Apoptosis
- Cell Transdifferentiation
- Clonal Evolution
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Histiocytic Sarcoma/etiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Piperidines
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Selection, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A. Burger
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Dan A. Landau
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York 10013, USA
| | | | - Ivana Bozic
- Department of Mathematics, Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Huidan Zhang
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Kristopher Sarosiek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Chip Stewart
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Jean Fan
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Julia Hoellenriegel
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mariela Sivina
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Adrian M. Dubuc
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Cameron Fraser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Yulong Han
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Livak
- Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Lihua Zou
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Youzhong Wan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Sergej Konoplev
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - Jennifer R. Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Lynne V. Abruzzo
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - Michael J. Keating
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Matthew S. Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - William G. Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - Thorsten Zenz
- National Center for Tumors and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lillian Werner
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paola Dal Cin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Peter Kharchencko
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Eric Lander
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | | | - Susan O'Brien
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - David A. Weitz
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Martin A. Nowak
- Department of Mathematics, Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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171
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Cool-temperature-mediated activation of phospholipase C-γ2 in the human hereditary disease PLAID. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1237-1251. [PMID: 27196803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Deletions in the gene encoding signal-transducing inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C-γ2 (PLCγ2) are associated with the novel human hereditary disease PLAID (PLCγ2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation). PLAID is characterized by a rather puzzling concurrence of augmented and diminished functions of the immune system, such as cold urticaria triggered by only minimal decreases in temperature, autoimmunity, and immunodeficiency. Understanding of the functional effects of the genomic alterations at the level of the affected enzyme, PLCγ2, is currently lacking. PLCγ2 is critically involved in coupling various cell surface receptors to regulation of important functions of immune cells such as mast cells, B cells, monocytes/macrophages, and neutrophils. PLCγ2 is unique by carrying three Src (SH) and one split pleckstrin homology domain (spPH) between the two catalytic subdomains (spPHn-SH2n-SH2c-SH3-spPHc). Prevailing evidence suggests that activation of PLCγ2 is primarily due to loss of SH-region-mediated autoinhibition and/or enhanced plasma membrane translocation. Here, we show that the two PLAID PLCγ2 mutants lacking portions of the SH region are strongly (>100-fold), rapidly, and reversibly activated by cooling by only a few degrees. We found that the mechanism(s) underlying PLCγ2 PLAID mutant activation by cool temperatures is distinct from a mere loss of SH-region-mediated autoinhibition and dependent on both the integrity and the pliability of the spPH domain. The results suggest a new mechanism of PLCγ activation with unique thermodynamic features and assign a novel regulatory role to its spPH domain. Involvement of this mechanism in other human disease states associated with cooling such as exertional asthma and certain acute coronary events appears an intriguing possibility.
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172
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Broderick L. Recurrent Fevers for the Pediatric Immunologist: It's Not All Immunodeficiency. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2016; 16:2. [PMID: 26707379 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are disorders of the innate immune system, characterized by systemic inflammation independent of infection and autoreactive antibodies or antigen-specific T cells. Similar to immunodeficiencies, these immune dysregulatory diseases have unique presentations, genetics, and available therapies. Given the presentation of fevers, rashes, and mucosal symptoms in many of the disorders, the allergist/immunologist is the appropriate medical home for these patients: to appropriately rule out immunodeficiencies, evaluate for allergic disease, and diagnose and treat recurrent fever disorders. However, many practicing physicians are unfamiliar with the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of autoinflammatory disorders. This review will focus on understanding the signs and symptoms of classic autoinflammatory disorders, introduce newly described monogenic and polygenic disorders, and address the approach to the patient with recurrent fevers to distinguish autoinflammation from immunodeficiency and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Broderick
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0760, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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173
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de Jesus AA, Goldbach-Mansky R. Genetically defined autoinflammatory diseases. Oral Dis 2016; 22:591-604. [PMID: 26837051 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are hyperinflammatory, immune dysregulatory conditions that typically present in early childhood with fever and rashes and disease-specific patterns of organ inflammation. This review provides a historic background of autoinflammatory disease research, an overview of the currently genetically defined autoinflammatory diseases, and insights into treatment strategies derived from understanding of the disease pathogenesis. The integrative assessment of autoinflammatory conditions led to the identification of innate pro-inflammatory cytokine 'amplification loops' as the cause of the systemic and organ-specific disease manifestations, which initially centered around increased IL-1 production and signaling. More recently, additional innate pro-inflammatory cytokine amplification loops resulting in increased Type I IFN, IL-17, IL-18, or IL-36 signaling or production have led to the successful use of targeted therapies in some of these conditions. Clinical findings such as fever patterns, type of skin lesions, genetic mutation testing, and the prevalent cytokine abnormalities can be used to group autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A de Jesus
- Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Goldbach-Mansky
- Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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174
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Ngoh EN, Weisser SB, Lo Y, Kozicky LK, Jen R, Brugger HK, Menzies SC, McLarren KW, Nackiewicz D, van Rooijen N, Jacobson K, Ehses JA, Turvey SE, Sly LM. Activity of SHIP, Which Prevents Expression of Interleukin 1β, Is Reduced in Patients With Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:465-76. [PMID: 26481854 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with a dysregulated immune response to commensal micro-organisms in the intestine. Mice deficient in inositol polyphosphate 5'-phosphatase D (INPP5D, also known as SHIP) develop intestinal inflammation resembling that of patients with CD. SHIP is a negative regulator of PI3Kp110α activity. We investigated mechanisms of intestinal inflammation in Inpp5d(-/-) mice (SHIP-null mice), and SHIP levels and activity in intestinal tissues of subjects with CD. METHODS We collected intestines from SHIP-null mice, as well as Inpp5d(+/+) mice (controls), and measured levels of cytokines of the interleukin 1 (IL1) family (IL1α, IL1β, IL1ra, and IL6) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Macrophages were isolated from lamina propria cells of mice, IL1β production was measured, and mechanisms of increased IL1β production were investigated. Macrophages were incubated with pan-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors or PI3Kp110α-specific inhibitors. Some mice were given an antagonist of the IL1 receptor; macrophages were depleted from ilea of mice using clodronate-containing liposomes. We obtained ileal biopsies from sites of inflammation and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from treatment-naïve subjects with CD or without CD (controls), and measured SHIP levels and activity. PBMCs were incubated with lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate, and levels of IL1β production were measured. RESULTS Inflamed intestinal tissues and intestinal macrophages from SHIP-null mice produced higher levels of IL1B and IL18 than intestinal tissues from control mice. We found PI3Kp110α to be required for macrophage transcription of Il1b. Macrophage depletion or injection of an IL1 receptor antagonist reduced ileal inflammation in SHIP-null mice. Inflamed ileal tissues and PBMCs from patients with CD had lower levels of SHIP protein than controls (P < .0001 and P < .0002, respectively). There was an inverse correlation between levels of SHIP activity in PBMCs and induction of IL1β production by lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate (R(2) = .88). CONCLUSIONS Macrophages from SHIP-deficient mice have increased PI3Kp110α-mediated transcription of Il1b, which contributes to spontaneous ileal inflammation. SHIP levels and activity are lower in intestinal tissues and peripheral blood samples from patients with CD than controls. There is an inverse correlation between SHIP activity and induction of IL1β production by lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate in PBMCs. Strategies to reduce IL1B might be developed to treat patients with CD found to have low SHIP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyler N Ngoh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shelley B Weisser
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Young Lo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lisa K Kozicky
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roger Jen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hayley K Brugger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Susan C Menzies
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Keith W McLarren
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dominika Nackiewicz
- Department of Surgery, Child & Family Research Institute, and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nico van Rooijen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jan A Ehses
- Department of Surgery, Child & Family Research Institute, and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura M Sly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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175
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Fodil N, Langlais D, Gros P. Primary Immunodeficiencies and Inflammatory Disease: A Growing Genetic Intersection. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:126-140. [PMID: 26791050 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in genome analysis have provided important insights into the genetic architecture of infectious and inflammatory diseases. The combined analysis of loci detected by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 22 inflammatory diseases has revealed a shared genetic core and associated biochemical pathways that play a central role in pathological inflammation. Parallel whole-exome sequencing studies have identified 265 genes mutated in primary immunodeficiencies (PID). Here, we examine the overlap between these two data sets, and find that it consists of genes essential for protection against infections and in which persistent activation causes pathological inflammation. Based on this intersection, we propose that, although strong or inactivating mutations (rare variants) in these genes may cause severe disease (PIDs), their more subtle modulation potentially by common regulatory/coding variants may contribute to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Fodil
- Department of Biochemistry, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- Department of Biochemistry, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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176
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The crossroads of autoimmunity and immunodeficiency: Lessons from polygenic traits and monogenic defects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:3-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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177
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Neutrophilic dermatoses and autoinflammatory diseases with skin involvement—innate immune disorders. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:45-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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178
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Pichard DC, Freeman AF, Cowen EW. Primary immunodeficiency update: Part II. Syndromes associated with mucocutaneous candidiasis and noninfectious cutaneous manifestations. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 73:367-81; quiz 381-2. [PMID: 26282795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) have recently been described that confer an elevated risk of fungal infections and noninfectious cutaneous manifestations. In addition, immunologic advances have provided new insights into our understanding of the pathophysiology of fungal infections in established PIDs. We reviewed PIDs that present with an eczematous dermatitis in part I. In part II of this continuing medical education article we discuss updates on PIDs associated with fungal infections, their biologic basis in PIDs, and noninfectious cutaneous manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique C Pichard
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Edward W Cowen
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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179
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Bianco AM, Girardelli M, Tommasini A. Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease from multifactorial to monogenic forms. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12296-12310. [PMID: 26604638 PMCID: PMC4649114 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i43.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic multifactorial disorders. According to a recent study, the number of IBD association loci is increased to 201, of which 37 and 27 loci contribute specifically to the development of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis respectively. Some IBD associated genes are involved in innate immunity, in the autophagy and in the inflammatory response such as NOD2, ATG16L1 and IL23R, while other are implicated in immune mediated disease (STAT3) and in susceptibility to mycobacterium infection (IL12B). In case of early onset of IBD (VEO-IBD) within the 6th year of age, the disease may be caused by mutations in genes responsible for severe monogenic disorders such as the primary immunodeficiency diseases. In this review we discuss how these monogenic disorders through different immune mechanisms can similarly be responsible of VEO-IBD phenotype. Moreover we would highlight how the identification of pathogenic genes by Next Generation Sequencing technologies can allow to obtain a rapid diagnosis and to apply specific therapies.
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180
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Une nouvelle maladie génétique auto-inflammatoire associée à une urticaire au froid : le syndrome PLAID par mutations de PLCG2. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2015; 142:722-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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181
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van Schouwenburg PA, Davenport EE, Kienzler AK, Marwah I, Wright B, Lucas M, Malinauskas T, Martin HC, Lockstone HE, Cazier JB, Chapel HM, Knight JC, Patel SY. Application of whole genome and RNA sequencing to investigate the genomic landscape of common variable immunodeficiency disorders. Clin Immunol 2015; 160:301-14. [PMID: 26122175 PMCID: PMC4601528 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders (CVIDs) are the most prevalent cause of primary antibody failure. CVIDs are highly variable and a genetic causes have been identified in <5% of patients. Here, we performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 34 CVID patients (94% sporadic) and combined them with transcriptomic profiling (RNA-sequencing of B cells) from three patients and three healthy controls. We identified variants in CVID disease genes TNFRSF13B, TNFRSF13C, LRBA and NLRP12 and enrichment of variants in known and novel disease pathways. The pathways identified include B-cell receptor signalling, non-homologous end-joining, regulation of apoptosis, T cell regulation and ICOS signalling. Our data confirm the polygenic nature of CVID and suggest individual-specific aetiologies in many cases. Together our data show that WGS in combination with RNA-sequencing allows for a better understanding of CVIDs and the identification of novel disease associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline A van Schouwenburg
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma E Davenport
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne-Kathrin Kienzler
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ishita Marwah
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Wright
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mary Lucas
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tomas Malinauskas
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, W. M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Hilary C Martin
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen E Lockstone
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cazier
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Haworth Building, B15 2TT Edgbaston, UK
| | - Helen M Chapel
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian C Knight
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Smita Y Patel
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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182
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Bonilla FA, Khan DA, Ballas ZK, Chinen J, Frank MM, Hsu JT, Keller M, Kobrynski LJ, Komarow HD, Mazer B, Nelson RP, Orange JS, Routes JM, Shearer WT, Sorensen RU, Verbsky JW, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Lang D, Nicklas RA, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy JM, Randolph CR, Schuller D, Spector SL, Tilles S, Wallace D. Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1186-205.e1-78. [PMID: 26371839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) and the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing the "Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency." This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is a changing environment, and not all recommendations will be appropriate for all patients. Because this document incorporated the efforts of many participants, no single individual, including those who served on the Joint Task Force, is authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information about or an interpretation of these practice parameters by the AAAAI or ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, the ACAAI, and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. These parameters are not designed for use by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotion.
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183
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Shao J, Stout I, Volger OL, Hendriksen PJM, van Loveren H, Peijnenburg AACM. Inhibition of CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis of Jurkat cells by direct immunotoxicants. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:1685-94. [PMID: 26314263 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Directional migration of cells to specific locations is required in tissue development, wound healing, and immune responses. Immune cell migration plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Chemokines are small pro-inflammatory chemoattractants that control the migration of leukocytes. In addition, they are also involved in other immune processes such as lymphocyte development and immune pathology. In a previous toxicogenomics study using the Jurkat T cell line, we have shown that the model immunotoxicant TBTO inhibited chemotaxis toward the chemokine CXCL12. In the present work, we aimed at assessing a novel approach to detecting chemicals that affect the process of cell migration. For this, we first evaluated the effects of 31 chemicals on mRNA expression of genes that are known to be related to cell migration. With this analysis, seven immunotoxicants were identified as potential chemotaxis modulators, of which five (CoCl2 80 µM, MeHg 1 µM, ochratoxin A 10 µM, S9-treated ochratoxin A 10 µM, and TBTO 100 nM) were confirmed as chemotaxis inhibitor in an in vitro trans-well chemotaxis assay using the chemokine CXCL12. The transcriptome data of the five compounds together with previously obtained protein phosphorylation profiles for two out of five compounds (i.e., ochratoxin A and TBTO) revealed that the mechanisms behind the chemotaxis inhibition are different for these immunotoxicants. Moreover, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin had no effect on the chemotaxis of Jurkat cells, indicating that the mTOR pathway is not involved in CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis of Jurkat cells, which is opposite to the findings on human primary T cells (Munk et al. in PLoS One 6(9):e24667, 2011). Thus, the results obtained from the chemotaxis assay conducted with Jurkat cells might not fully represent the results obtained with human primary T cells. Despite this difference, the present study indicated that some compounds may exert their immunotoxic effects through inhibition of CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shao
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Stout
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar L Volger
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J M Hendriksen
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van Loveren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad A C M Peijnenburg
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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184
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Aderibigbe OM, Priel DL, Lee CCR, Ombrello MJ, Prajapati VH, Liang MG, Lyons JJ, Kuhns DB, Cowen EW, Milner JD. Distinct Cutaneous Manifestations and Cold-Induced Leukocyte Activation Associated With PLCG2 Mutations. JAMA Dermatol 2015; 151:627-34. [PMID: 25760457 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.5641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE PLCG2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (PLAID) is a newly characterized immunodeficiency syndrome associated with distinct cutaneous features. Awareness of the cutaneous skin findings associated with PLAID may facilitate diagnosis and improve patient care. OBJECTIVES To characterize the cutaneous manifestations of PLAID and identify potential cellular mechanisms of the disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this retrospective analysis of patients with PLAID and PLAID-like disease evaluated at the National Institutes of Health from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2014, patients with deletions in PLCG2 leading to PLAID and patients with PLAID-like disease for whom a PLAID mutation was not identified were studied. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Characterization of cutaneous manifestations of PLAID and PLAID-like disease and analysis of PLAID immune cell activation. RESULTS Among 36 patients with PLAID and PLAID-like phenotypes, all of whom had evaporative cold urticaria, 8 patients had a history of unique neonatal-onset ulcerative and cutaneous lesions in cold-sensitive regions of the body. Granulomatous skin lesions sparing warm regions (eg, flexural surfaces and skinfolds) were identified in 4 patients. Neutrophils and monocytes from patients with PLAID exhibited enhanced baseline activation in vitro, which was potentiated by ambient temperature exposure. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Collectively, these findings suggest that early identification of neonatal lesions may help in the diagnosis of PLAID and that leukocyte hyperactivation may underlie cutaneous lesions in patients with PLAID. Further characterization of mechanisms underlying leukocyte hyperactivation may contribute to the fundamental understanding of granuloma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyinade M Aderibigbe
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Debra Long Priel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chyi-Chia Richard Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael J Ombrello
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vimal H Prajapati
- Pediatric Dermatology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marilyn G Liang
- Pediatric Dermatology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan J Lyons
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Douglas B Kuhns
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Edward W Cowen
- Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua D Milner
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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185
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Rudolph A, Fasching PA, Behrens S, Eilber U, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Thompson D, Czene K, Brand JS, Li J, Scott C, Pankratz VS, Brandt K, Hallberg E, Olson JE, Lee A, Beckmann MW, Ekici AB, Haeberle L, Maskarinec G, Le Marchand L, Schumacher F, Milne RL, Knight JA, Apicella C, Southey MC, Kapuscinski MK, Hopper JL, Andrulis IL, Giles GG, Haiman CA, Khaw KT, Luben R, Hall P, Pharoah PDP, Couch FJ, Easton DF, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Vachon C, Chang-Claude J. A comprehensive evaluation of interaction between genetic variants and use of menopausal hormone therapy on mammographic density. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:110. [PMID: 26275715 PMCID: PMC4537547 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mammographic density is an established breast cancer risk factor with a strong genetic component and can be increased in women using menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). Here, we aimed to identify genetic variants that may modify the association between MHT use and mammographic density. METHODS The study comprised 6,298 postmenopausal women from the Mayo Mammography Health Study and nine studies included in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. We selected for evaluation 1327 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing the lowest P-values for interaction (P int) in a meta-analysis of genome-wide gene-environment interaction studies with MHT use on risk of breast cancer, 2541 SNPs in candidate genes (AKR1C4, CYP1A1-CYP1A2, CYP1B1, ESR2, PPARG, PRL, SULT1A1-SULT1A2 and TNF) and ten SNPs (AREG-rs10034692, PRDM6-rs186749, ESR1-rs12665607, ZNF365-rs10995190, 8p11.23-rs7816345, LSP1-rs3817198, IGF1-rs703556, 12q24-rs1265507, TMEM184B-rs7289126, and SGSM3-rs17001868) associated with mammographic density in genome-wide studies. We used multiple linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders to evaluate interactions between SNPs and current use of MHT on mammographic density. RESULTS No significant interactions were identified after adjustment for multiple testing. The strongest SNP-MHT interaction (unadjusted P int <0.0004) was observed with rs9358531 6.5kb 5' of PRL. Furthermore, three SNPs in PLCG2 that had previously been shown to modify the association of MHT use with breast cancer risk were found to modify also the association of MHT use with mammographic density (unadjusted P int <0.002), but solely among cases (unadjusted P int SNP×MHT×case-status <0.02). CONCLUSIONS The study identified potential interactions on mammographic density between current use of MHT and SNPs near PRL and in PLCG2, which require confirmation. Given the moderate size of the interactions observed, larger studies are needed to identify genetic modifiers of the association of MHT use with mammographic density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ursula Eilber
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Deborah Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Judith S Brand
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | - Emily Hallberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Adam Lee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Julia A Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Miroslav K Kapuscinski
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- MRC Centre for Nutritional Epidemiology in Cancer Prevention and Survival (CNC), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Robert Luben
- Clinical Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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186
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Kataoka S, Muramatsu H, Okuno Y, Hayashi Y, Mizoguchi Y, Tsumura M, Okada S, Kobayashi M, Sano C, Sato H, Oh-Iwa I, Ito M, Kojima D, Hama A, Takahashi Y, Kojima S. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis mimicking Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease in a patient with signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) gain-of-function mutation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:619-622.e1. [PMID: 26242301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Kataoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Hayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization, Higashi Nagoya National Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoko Mizoguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tsumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masao Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Haruki Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ichiro Oh-Iwa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahumi Ito
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daiei Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asahito Hama
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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187
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Abstract
PLCG2 associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (PLAID) is a complex dominantly inherited disease characterized almost universally by cold urticaria, and variably by recurrent bacterial infection, autoimmunty and skin granuloma formation. Several striking phenotypes can emerge from this disease, and the pathophysiology leads to a complex mix of loss and gain of function in cellular signaling. This review discusses the key phenotypic characteristics and pathophysiologic observations seen in PLAID, and contrasts PLAID to several related disorders in order to best contextualize this fascinating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Milner
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, 10 Center Drive, NIH Building 10-CRC 5-3950, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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188
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Woyach JA, Johnson AJ. Targeted therapies in CLL: mechanisms of resistance and strategies for management. Blood 2015; 126:471-7. [PMID: 26065659 PMCID: PMC4513250 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-03-585075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapy of relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has changed dramatically in the past year with the regulatory approval of idelalisib and ibrutinib, with other therapeutic small molecules likely to become widely available in the next few years. Although durable remissions are being seen in many patients with these agents, it is becoming apparent that some patients with high genomic risk disease will relapse. Next-generation sequencing in patients as well as in vitro models is affording us the opportunity to understand the biology behind these relapses, which is the first step to designing rational therapies to prevent and treat targeted therapy-resistant CLL. These strategies are critical, as these relapses can be very difficult to manage, and a coordinated effort to put these patients on clinical trials will be required to efficiently determine the optimal therapies for these patients. In this review, we will describe mechanisms of resistance, both proven and hypothesized, for idelalisib, ibrutinib, and venetoclax, describe patterns of resistance that have been described with ibrutinib, and discuss potential strategies for management of disease resistant to these drugs as well as potential strategies to prevent resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Woyach
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Amy J Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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189
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Recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of primary T cell immunodeficiencies. Trends Mol Med 2015; 21:408-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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190
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Abstract
Purpose of review Next-generation sequencing is revolutionizing the molecular taxonomy of human disease. Recent studies of patients with unexplained autoinflammatory disorders reveal germline genetic mutations that target important regulators of innate immunity. Recent findings Whole-exome analyses of previously undiagnosed patients have catalyzed the recognition of two new disease genes. First, a phenotypic spectrum, including livedo racemosa, fever with early-onset stroke, polyarteritis nodosa, and Sneddon syndrome, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 1 (CECR1), encoding adenosine deaminase 2. Adenosine deaminase 2 is a secreted protein expressed primarily in myeloid cells, and a regulator of macrophage differentiation and endothelial development. Disease-associated mutations impair anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage differentiation. Second, patients presenting with cold-induced urticaria, granulomatous rash, autoantibodies, and common variable immunodeficiency, or with blistering skin lesions, bronchiolitis, enterocolitis, ocular inflammation, and mild immunodeficiency harbor distinct mutations in phospholipase Cγ2, encoding a signaling molecule expressed in natural killer cells, mast cells, and B lymphocytes. These mutations inhibit the function of a phospholipase Cγ2 autoinhibitory domain, causing increased or constitutive signaling. Summary These findings underscore the power of next-generation sequencing, demonstrating how the primary deficiency of key molecular regulators or even regulatory motifs may lead to autoinflammation, and suggesting a possible role for cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 1 and phospholipase Cγ2 in common diseases.
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191
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Sarrabay G, Barat-Houari M, Annakib S, Touitou I. The autoinflammatory diseases: a fashion with blurred boundaries! Semin Immunopathol 2015; 37:359-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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192
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Hinterseher I, Schworer CM, Lillvis JH, Stahl E, Erdman R, Gatalica Z, Tromp G, Kuivaniemi H. Immunohistochemical analysis of the natural killer cell cytotoxicity pathway in human abdominal aortic aneurysms. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11196-212. [PMID: 25993291 PMCID: PMC4463696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous analysis using genome-wide microarray expression data revealed extreme overrepresentation of immune related genes belonging the Natural Killer (NK) Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity pathway (hsa04650) in human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). We followed up the microarray studies by immunohistochemical analyses using antibodies against nine members of the NK pathway (VAV1, VAV3, PLCG1, PLCG2, HCST, TYROBP, PTK2B, TNFA, and GZMB) and aortic tissue samples from AAA repair operations (n = 6) and control aortae (n = 8) from age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched donors from autopsies. The results confirmed the microarray results. Two different members of the NK pathway, HCST and GRZB, which act at different steps in the NK-pathway, were actively transcribed and translated into proteins in the same cells in the AAA tissue demonstrated by double staining. Furthermore, double staining with antibodies against CD68 or CD8 together with HCST, TYROBP, PTK2B or PLCG2 revealed that CD68 and CD8 positive cells expressed proteins of the NK-pathway but were not the only inflammatory cells involved in the NK-pathway in the AAA tissue. The results provide strong evidence that the NK Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity Pathway is activated in human AAA and valuable insight for future studies to dissect the pathogenesis of human AAA.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/immunology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- CD8 Antigens/metabolism
- Female
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 2/genetics
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 2/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Phospholipase C gamma/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Hinterseher
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Mitte, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Charles M Schworer
- Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA.
| | - John H Lillvis
- The Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Stahl
- Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA.
| | - Robert Erdman
- Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA.
| | | | - Gerard Tromp
- Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA.
| | - Helena Kuivaniemi
- Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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193
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Hypermorphic mutation of phospholipase C, γ2 acquired in ibrutinib-resistant CLL confers BTK independency upon B-cell receptor activation. Blood 2015; 126:61-8. [PMID: 25972157 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-02-626846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ibrutinib has significantly improved the outcome of patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Recent reports attribute ibrutinib resistance to acquired mutations in Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (BTK), the target of ibrutinib, as well as the immediate downstream effector phospholipase C, γ2 (PLCG2). Although the C481S mutation found in BTK has been shown to disable ibrutinib's capacity to irreversibly bind this primary target, the detailed mechanisms of mutations in PLCG2 have yet to be established. Herein, we characterize the enhanced signaling competence, BTK independence, and surface immunoglobulin dependence of the PLCG2 mutation at R665W, which has been documented in ibrutinib-resistant CLL. Our data demonstrate that this missense alteration elicits BTK-independent activation after B-cell receptor engagement, implying the formation of a novel BTK-bypass pathway. Consistent with previous results, PLCG2(R665W) confers hypermorphic induction of downstream signaling events. Our studies reveal that proximal kinases SYK and LYN are critical for the activation of mutant PLCG2 and that therapeutics targeting SYK and LYN can combat molecular resistance in cell line models and primary CLL cells from ibrutinib-resistant patients. Altogether, our results engender a molecular understanding of the identified aberration at PLCG2 and explore its functional dependency on BTK, SYK, and LYN, suggesting alternative strategies to combat acquired ibrutinib resistance.
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194
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Trevisonno J, Balram B, Netchiporouk E, Ben-Shoshan M. Physical urticaria: Review on classification, triggers and management with special focus on prevalence including a meta-analysis. Postgrad Med 2015; 127:565-70. [DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2015.1045817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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195
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Walliser C, Tron K, Clauss K, Gutman O, Kobitski AY, Retlich M, Schade A, Röcker C, Henis YI, Nienhaus GU, Gierschik P. Rac-mediated Stimulation of Phospholipase Cγ2 Amplifies B Cell Receptor-induced Calcium Signaling. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17056-72. [PMID: 25903139 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.645739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho GTPase Rac is crucially involved in controlling multiple B cell functions, including those regulated by the B cell receptor (BCR) through increased cytosolic Ca(2+). The underlying molecular mechanisms and their relevance to the functions of intact B cells have thus far remained unknown. We have previously shown that the activity of phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2), a key constituent of the BCR signalosome, is stimulated by activated Rac through direct protein-protein interaction. Here, we use a Rac-resistant mutant of PLCγ2 to functionally reconstitute cultured PLCγ2-deficient DT40 B cells and to examine the effects of the Rac-PLCγ2 interaction on BCR-mediated changes of intracellular Ca(2+) and regulation of Ca(2+)-regulated and nuclear-factor-of-activated-T-cell-regulated gene transcription at the level of single, intact B cells. The results show that the functional Rac-PLCγ2 interaction causes marked increases in the following: (i) sensitivity of B cells to BCR ligation; (ii) BCR-mediated Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores; (iii) Ca(2+) entry from the extracellular compartment; and (iv) nuclear translocation of the Ca(2+)-regulated nuclear factor of activated T cells. Hence, Rac-mediated stimulation of PLCγ2 activity serves to amplify B cell receptor-induced Ca(2+) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Walliser
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm Medical Center, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kyrylo Tron
- the Institute of Biophysics, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Karen Clauss
- the Institute of Biophysics, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Orit Gutman
- the Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Andrei Yu Kobitski
- the Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Retlich
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm Medical Center, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Schade
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm Medical Center, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Carlheinz Röcker
- the Institute of Biophysics, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yoav I Henis
- the Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - G Ulrich Nienhaus
- the Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, the Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany, and the Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Peter Gierschik
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm Medical Center, 89070 Ulm, Germany,
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196
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Chae JJ, Park YH, Park C, Hwang IY, Hoffmann P, Kehrl JH, Aksentijevich I, Kastner DL. Connecting two pathways through Ca 2+ signaling: NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by a hypermorphic PLCG2 mutation. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:563-7. [PMID: 25418813 DOI: 10.1002/art.38961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously reported that p.Ser707Tyr, a novel variant in phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2), is the cause of a dominantly inherited autoinflammatory disease, autoinflammation and PLCγ2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (APLAID). The hypermorphic mutation enhances PLCγ2 activity and causes an increase in intracellular Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum stores. Because increased intracellular Ca2+ signaling has been associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation, we studied the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of APLAID. METHODS Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy control subjects and 2 patients with APLAID. Inflammasome activation was analyzed by Western blotting. Intracellular Ca2+ levels were measured with a FLIPR Calcium 4 assay kit. RESULTS Cells from the patients had elevated basal levels of intracellular Ca2+, and the intracellular Ca2+ flux triggered by extracellular CaCl2 was substantially enhanced. Patient PBMCs secreted interleukin-1β in response to lipopolysaccharide priming alone, and this effect was attenuated by treatment with a PLC inhibitor, intracellular Ca2+ blockers, or an adenylate cyclase activator. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the inflammation in patients with APLAID is partially driven by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. These data link 2 seemingly distinct molecular pathways and provide new insights into the pathogenesis of APLAID and autoinflammation.
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197
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Li J, Jørgensen SF, Maggadottir SM, Bakay M, Warnatz K, Glessner J, Pandey R, Salzer U, Schmidt RE, Perez E, Resnick E, Goldacker S, Buchta M, Witte T, Padyukov L, Videm V, Folseraas T, Atschekzei F, Elder JT, Nair RP, Winkelmann J, Gieger C, Nöthen MM, Büning C, Brand S, Sullivan KE, Orange JS, Fevang B, Schreiber S, Lieb W, Aukrust P, Chapel H, Cunningham-Rundles C, Franke A, Karlsen TH, Grimbacher B, Hakonarson H, Hammarström L, Ellinghaus E. Association of CLEC16A with human common variable immunodeficiency disorder and role in murine B cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6804. [PMID: 25891430 PMCID: PMC4444044 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency in adults, characterized by B-cell abnormalities and inadequate antibody response. CVID patients have considerable autoimmune comorbidity and we therefore hypothesized that genetic susceptibility to CVID may overlap with autoimmune disorders. Here, in the largest genetic study performed in CVID to date, we compare 778 CVID cases with 10,999 controls across 123,127 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the Immunochip. We identify the first non-HLA genome-wide significant risk locus at CLEC16A (rs17806056, P=2.0 × 10(-9)) and confirm the previously reported human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations on chromosome 6p21 (rs1049225, P=4.8 × 10(-16)). Clec16a knockdown (KD) mice showed reduced number of B cells and elevated IgM levels compared with controls, suggesting that CLEC16A may be involved in immune regulatory pathways of relevance to CVID. In conclusion, the CLEC16A associations in CVID represent the first robust evidence of non-HLA associations in this immunodeficiency condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Silje F. Jørgensen
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - S. Melkorka Maggadottir
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marina Bakay
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg and, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joseph Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Rahul Pandey
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ulrich Salzer
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg and, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold E. Schmidt
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elena Perez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Elena Resnick
- Institute of Immunology and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Sigune Goldacker
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg and, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mary Buchta
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg and, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Witte
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vibeke Videm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s and Women’s Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trine Folseraas
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Faranaz Atschekzei
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - James T. Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rajan P. Nair
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, MRI, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Synery Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology
- Stanford University, Department of Neurology and Neurosciences and Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Büning
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Medicine II–Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Kathleen E. Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jordan S. Orange
- Section of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Børre Fevang
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank popgen, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Pål Aukrust
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Helen Chapel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Tom H. Karlsen
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg and, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
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198
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Zhang SQ, Smith SM, Zhang SY, Lynn Wang Y. Mechanisms of ibrutinib resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2015; 170:445-56. [PMID: 25858358 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), a mediator of B-cell receptor (BCR) signalling, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and other B-cell malignancies. Ibrutinib is an orally bioavailable and highly specific BTK inhibitor that was recently approved for treatment of patients with recurrent CLL and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). In addition, ibrutinib has shown efficacy in subsets of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia (WM). However, despite ibrutinib's activity in multiple B-cell malignancies, cases of primary and secondary resistance have emerged. The overall reported frequency of resistance is low, but follow-up in many trials was short, and we predict that the incidence of observed resistance will increase as clinical use outside clinical trials expands over time. Mutations within BTK have been described and clearly interfere with drug binding; however, there are also emerging alternative mechanisms that bypass BTK entirely and offer new opportunities for other targeted agents. Improved understanding of mechanisms of primary and secondary resistance is essential to developing appropriate therapeutic strategies to both prevent and address resistance. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of ibrutinib resistance in CLL, MCL, DLBCL and WM and considers potential strategies for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Q Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Haematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonali M Smith
- Department of Medicine, Section of Haematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shuang Y Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yue Lynn Wang
- Division of Genomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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199
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Moghaddas F, Masters SL. Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: Cytokinopathies. Cytokine 2015; 74:237-46. [PMID: 25814341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in genetics are providing unprecedented insight into functions of the innate immune system with identification of the mutations that cause monogenic autoinflammatory disease. Cytokine antagonism is profoundly effective in a subset of these conditions, particularly those associated with increased interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity, the inflammasomopathies. These include syndromes where the production of IL-1 is increased by mutation of innate immune sensors such as NLRP3, upstream signalling molecules such as PSTPIP1 and receptors or downstream signalling molecules, such as IL-1Ra. Another example of this is interferon (IFN) and the interferonopathies, with mutations in the sensors STING and MDA5, the upstream signalling regulator AP1S3, and a downstream inhibitor of IFN signalling, ISG15. We propose that this can be extended to cytokines such as IL-36, with mutations in IL-36Ra, and IL-10, with mutations in IL-10RA and IL-10RB, however mutations in sensors or upstream signalling molecules are yet to be described in these instances. Additionally, autoinflammatory diseases can be caused by multiple cytokines, for example with the activation of NF-κB/Rel, for which we propose the term Relopathies. This nosology is limited in that some cytokine pathways may be degenerate in their generation or execution, however provides insight into likely autoinflammatory disease candidates and the cytokines with which newly identified mutations may be associated, and therefore targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Moghaddas
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Seth L Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
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200
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de Jesus AA, Canna SW, Liu Y, Goldbach-Mansky R. Molecular mechanisms in genetically defined autoinflammatory diseases: disorders of amplified danger signaling. Annu Rev Immunol 2015; 33:823-74. [PMID: 25706096 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032414-112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Patients with autoinflammatory diseases present with noninfectious fever flares and systemic and/or disease-specific organ inflammation. Their excessive proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses can be life threatening and lead to organ damage over time. Studying such patients has revealed genetic defects that have helped unravel key innate immune pathways, including excessive IL-1 signaling, constitutive NF-κB activation, and, more recently, chronic type I IFN signaling. Discoveries of monogenic defects that lead to activation of proinflammatory cytokines have inspired the use of anticytokine-directed treatment approaches that have been life changing for many patients and have led to the approval of IL-1-blocking agents for a number of autoinflammatory conditions. In this review, we describe the genetically characterized autoinflammatory diseases, we summarize our understanding of the molecular pathways that drive clinical phenotypes and that continue to inspire the search for novel treatment targets, and we provide a conceptual framework for classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Almeida de Jesus
- Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
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