151
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Dowdy T, Zhang L, Celiku O, Movva S, Lita A, Ruiz-Rodado V, Gilbert MR, Larion M. Sphingolipid Pathway as a Source of Vulnerability in IDH1 mut Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2910. [PMID: 33050528 PMCID: PMC7601159 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to providing integrity to cellular structure, the various classes of lipids participate in a multitude of functions including secondary messengers, receptor stimulation, lymphocyte trafficking, inflammation, angiogenesis, cell migration, proliferation, necrosis and apoptosis, thus highlighting the importance of understanding their role in the tumor phenotype. In the context of IDH1mut glioma, investigations focused on metabolic alterations involving lipidomics' present potential to uncover novel vulnerabilities. Herein, a detailed lipidomic analysis of the sphingolipid metabolism was conducted in patient-derived IDH1mut glioma cell lines, as well as model systems, with the of identifying points of metabolic vulnerability. We probed the effect of decreasing D-2HG levels on the sphingolipid pathway, by treating these cell lines with an IDH1mut inhibitor, AGI5198. The results revealed that N,N-dimethylsphingosine (NDMS), sphingosine C17 and sphinganine C18 were significantly downregulated, while sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was significantly upregulated in glioma cultures following suppression of IDH1mut activity. We exploited the pathway using a small-scale, rational drug screen and identified a combination that was lethal to IDHmut cells. Our work revealed that further addition of N,N-dimethylsphingosine in combination with sphingosine C17 triggered a dose-dependent biostatic and apoptotic response in a panel of IDH1mut glioma cell lines specifically, while it had little effect on the IDHWT cells probed here. To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows how altering the sphingolipid pathway in IDH1mut gliomas elucidates susceptibility that can arrest proliferation and initiate subsequent cellular death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone Dowdy
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (T.D.); (L.Z.); (O.C.); (A.L.); (V.R.-R.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Lumin Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (T.D.); (L.Z.); (O.C.); (A.L.); (V.R.-R.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Orieta Celiku
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (T.D.); (L.Z.); (O.C.); (A.L.); (V.R.-R.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Sriya Movva
- George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Adrian Lita
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (T.D.); (L.Z.); (O.C.); (A.L.); (V.R.-R.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Victor Ruiz-Rodado
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (T.D.); (L.Z.); (O.C.); (A.L.); (V.R.-R.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Mark R. Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (T.D.); (L.Z.); (O.C.); (A.L.); (V.R.-R.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Mioara Larion
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (T.D.); (L.Z.); (O.C.); (A.L.); (V.R.-R.); (M.R.G.)
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152
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Pascale RM, Calvisi DF, Simile MM, Feo CF, Feo F. The Warburg Effect 97 Years after Its Discovery. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2819. [PMID: 33008042 PMCID: PMC7599761 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of the oxidative metabolism in cancer, as shown by the increased aerobic glycolysis and impaired oxidative phosphorylation (Warburg effect), is coordinated by genetic changes leading to the activation of oncogenes and the loss of oncosuppressor genes. The understanding of the metabolic deregulation of cancer cells is necessary to prevent and cure cancer. In this review, we illustrate and comment the principal metabolic and molecular variations of cancer cells, involved in their anomalous behavior, that include modifications of oxidative metabolism, the activation of oncogenes that promote glycolysis and a decrease of oxygen consumption in cancer cells, the genetic susceptibility to cancer, the molecular correlations involved in the metabolic deregulation in cancer, the defective cancer mitochondria, the relationships between the Warburg effect and tumor therapy, and recent studies that reevaluate the Warburg effect. Taken together, these observations indicate that the Warburg effect is an epiphenomenon of the transformation process essential for the development of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Pascale
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.F.C.); (M.M.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Diego Francesco Calvisi
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.F.C.); (M.M.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Maria Maddalena Simile
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.F.C.); (M.M.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Claudio Francesco Feo
- Department of Clinical, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, Division of Surgery, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Feo
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.F.C.); (M.M.S.); (F.F.)
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153
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Li M, Kirtane AR, Kiyokawa J, Nagashima H, Lopes A, Tirmizi ZA, Lee CK, Traverso G, Cahill DP, Wakimoto H. Local Targeting of NAD + Salvage Pathway Alters the Immune Tumor Microenvironment and Enhances Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5024-5034. [PMID: 32998997 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aggressive primary brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by aberrant metabolism that fuels its malignant phenotype. Diverse genetic subtypes of malignant glioma are sensitive to selective inhibition of the NAD+ salvage pathway enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). However, the potential impact of NAD+ depletion on the brain tumor microenvironment has not been elaborated. In addition, systemic toxicity of NAMPT inhibition remains a significant concern. Here we show that microparticle-mediated intratumoral delivery of NAMPT inhibitor GMX1778 induces specific immunologic changes in the tumor microenvironment of murine GBM, characterized by upregulation of immune checkpoint PD-L1, recruitment of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells, and reduction of M2-polarized immunosuppressive macrophages. NAD+ depletion and autophagy induced by NAMPT inhibitors mediated the upregulation of PD-L1 transcripts and cell surface protein levels in GBM cells. NAMPT inhibitor modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment was therefore combined with PD-1 checkpoint blockade in vivo, significantly increasing the survival of GBM-bearing animals. Thus, the therapeutic impacts of NAMPT inhibition extended beyond neoplastic cells, shaping surrounding immune effectors. Microparticle delivery and release of NAMPT inhibitor at the tumor site offers a safe and robust means to alter an immune tumor microenvironment that could potentiate checkpoint immunotherapy for glioblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE: Microparticle-mediated local inhibition of NAMPT modulates the tumor immune microenvironment and acts cooperatively with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade, offering a combination immunotherapy strategy for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ameya R Kirtane
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Juri Kiyokawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hiroaki Nagashima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron Lopes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Zain A Tirmizi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine K Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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154
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Rosiak-Stec K, Grot D, Rieske P. Generation of induced neural stem cells with inducible IDH1R132H for analysis of glioma development and drug testing. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239325. [PMID: 32946483 PMCID: PMC7500637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1R132H) occurs in various types of cancer, including low and high grade gliomas. Despite high incidence indicating its central role in tumor initiation and progression there are no targeted therapies directed against this oncogene available in the clinic. This is due to the limited understanding of the role of IDH1R132H in carcinogenesis, which is further propagated by the lack of appropriate experimental models. Moreover, proper in vitro models for analysis of gliomagenesis are required. In this study, we employed a Tet On system to generate human induced neural stem cells with doxycycline-inducible IDH1R132H. Equivalent expression of both forms of IDH1 in the presented model remains similar to that described in tumor cells. Additional biochemical analyses further confirmed tightly controlled gene regulation at protein level. Formation of a functional mutant IDH1 enzyme was supported by the production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG). All samples tested for MGMT promoter methylation status, including parental cells, proved to be partially methylated. Analysis of biological effect of IDH1R132H revealed that cells positive for oncogene showed reduced differentation efficiency and viability. Inhibition of mutant IDH1 with selective inhibitor efficiently suppressed D2HG production as well as reversed the effect of mutant IDH1 protein on cell viability. In summary, our model constitutes a valuable platform for studies on the molecular basis and the cell of origin of IDH-mutant glioma (e.g. by editing P53 in these cells and their derivatives), as well as a reliable experimental model for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dagmara Grot
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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155
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Metabolic Constrains Rule Metastasis Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092081. [PMID: 32932943 PMCID: PMC7563739 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis formation accounts for the majority of tumor-associated deaths and consists of different steps, each of them being characterized by a distinctive adaptive phenotype of the cancer cells. Metabolic reprogramming represents one of the main adaptive phenotypes exploited by cancer cells during all the main steps of tumor and metastatic progression. In particular, the metabolism of cancer cells evolves profoundly through all the main phases of metastasis formation, namely the metastatic dissemination, the metastatic colonization of distant organs, the metastatic dormancy, and ultimately the outgrowth into macroscopic lesions. However, the metabolic reprogramming of metastasizing cancer cells has only recently become the subject of intense study. From a clinical point of view, the latter steps of the metastatic process are very important, because patients often undergo surgical removal of the primary tumor when cancer cells have already left the primary tumor site, even though distant metastases are not clinically detectable yet. In this scenario, to precisely elucidate if and how metabolic reprogramming drives acquisition of cancer-specific adaptive phenotypes might pave the way to new therapeutic strategies by combining chemotherapy with metabolic drugs for better cancer eradication. In this review we discuss the latest evidence that claim the importance of metabolic adaptation for cancer progression.
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156
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Development of Autophagy Signature-Based Prognostic Nomogram for Refined Glioma Survival Prognostication. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1872962. [PMID: 32964017 PMCID: PMC7492900 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1872962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current glioma classification could be optimized to cover such a separate and individualized prognosis ranging from a few months to over ten years. Considering its highly conserved role and potential in therapies, autophagy might be a promising element to be incorporated as a refinement for improved survival prognostication. The expression and RNA-seq data of 881 glioma patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas were included, mapped with autophagy-related genes. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis and Cox regression analysis were used for the autophagy signature establishment, which composed of MUL1, NPC1, and TRIM13. Validations were represented by Kaplan-Meier plots and receiver operating curves (ROC). Cluster analysis suggested the IDH1 mutant involved in the favorable prognosis of the signature clusters. The signature was also immune-related shown by the Gene Ontology analysis and the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. The high signature risk group held a higher ESTIMATE score (p = 2.6e - 11) and stromal score (p = 1.8e - 10). CD276 significantly correlated with the signature (r = 0.51, p < 0.05). The final nomogram integrated with the autophagy signature, IDH1 mutation, and pathological grade was built with accuracy and discrimination (1-year survival AUC = 0.812, 5-year survival AUC = 0.822, and 10-year survival AUC = 0.834). Its prognostic value and clinical utility were well-defined by the superiority in the comparisons with the current World Health Organization glioma classification in ROC (p < 0.05) and decision curve analysis. The autophagy signature-based IDH1 mutation and grade nomogram refined glioma classification for a more individualized and clinically applicable survival estimation and inspired potential autophagy-related therapies.
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157
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Waitkus MS, Yan H. Targeting Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations in Cancer: Emerging Evidence and Diverging Strategies. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:383-388. [PMID: 32883741 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) active-site mutations cause a neomorphic enzyme activity that results in the formation of supraphysiologic concentrations of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). D-2HG is thought to be an oncometabolite that drives the formation of cancers in a variety of tissue types by altering the epigenetic state of progenitor cells by inhibiting enzymes involved in histone and DNA demethylation. This model has led to the development of pharmacologic inhibitors of mutant IDH activity for anticancer therapy, which are now being tested in several clinical trials. Emerging evidence in preclinical glioma models suggests that the epigenetic changes induced by D-2HG may persist even after mutant IDH activity is inhibited and D-2HG has returned to basal levels. Therefore, these results have raised questions as to whether the exploitation of downstream synthetic lethal vulnerabilities, rather than direct inhibition of mutant IDH1, will prove to be a superior therapeutic strategy. In this review, we summarize the preclinical evidence in gliomas and other models on the induction and persistence of D-2HG-induced hypermethylation of DNA and histones, and we examine emerging lines of evidence related to altered DNA repair mechanisms in mutant IDH tumors and their potential for therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Waitkus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hai Yan
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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158
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Yoo HC, Yu YC, Sung Y, Han JM. Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1496-1516. [PMID: 32943735 PMCID: PMC8080614 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As knowledge of cell metabolism has advanced, glutamine has been considered an important amino acid that supplies carbon and nitrogen to fuel biosynthesis. A recent study provided a new perspective on mitochondrial glutamine metabolism, offering mechanistic insights into metabolic adaptation during tumor hypoxia, the emergence of drug resistance, and glutaminolysis-induced metabolic reprogramming and presenting metabolic strategies to target glutamine metabolism in cancer cells. In this review, we introduce the various biosynthetic and bioenergetic roles of glutamine based on the compartmentalization of glutamine metabolism to explain why cells exhibit metabolic reliance on glutamine. Additionally, we examined whether glutamine derivatives contribute to epigenetic regulation associated with tumorigenesis. In addition, in discussing glutamine transporters, we propose a metabolic target for therapeutic intervention in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Chan Yoo
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Ya Chun Yu
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Yulseung Sung
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Han
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea.
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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159
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Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation enhances 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol production and alters cholesterol homeostasis in glioma. Oncogene 2020; 39:6340-6353. [PMID: 32855525 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation is the most important initiating event in gliomagenesis, and the increasing evidence shows that IDH mutation is associated with the metabolic reprogramming in the tumor. Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism is a hallmark of tumor cells, but the cholesterol homeostasis in IDH-mutated glioma is still unknown. In this study, we found that astrocyte-specific mutant IDH1(R132H) knockin reduced the cholesterol contents and damaged the structure of myelin in mouse brains. In U87 and U251 cells, the expression of mutant IDH1 consistently reduced the cholesterol levels. Furthermore, we found that IDH1 mutation enhanced the production of 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24-OHC), which is not only the metabolite of cholesterol elimination, but also functions as an endogenous ligand for the liver X receptors (LXRs). In IDH1-mutant glioma cells, the elevated 24-OHC activated LXRs, which consequently accelerated the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) degradation by upregulating the inducible degrader of the LDLR (IDOL). The reduced LDLR expressions in IDH1-mutant glioma cells abated the uptakes of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to decrease the cholesterol influx. In addition, the activated LXRs also promoted the cholesterol efflux by elevating the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ABCG1, and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in both IDH1-mutant astrocytes and glioma cells. As a feedback, the reduced cholesterol levels stimulated the cholesterol biosynthesis, which made IDH1-mutated glioma cells more sensitive to atorvastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. The altered cholesterol homeostasis regulated by mutant IDH provides a pivotal therapeutical strategy for the IDH-mutated gliomas.
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160
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Liu Y, Lang F, Chou FJ, Zaghloul KA, Yang C. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations in Glioma: Genetics, Biochemistry, and Clinical Indications. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090294. [PMID: 32825279 PMCID: PMC7554955 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) are commonly observed in lower-grade glioma and secondary glioblastomas. IDH mutants confer a neomorphic enzyme activity that converts α-ketoglutarate to an oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate, which impacts cellular epigenetics and metabolism. IDH mutation establishes distinctive patterns in metabolism, cancer biology, and the therapeutic sensitivity of glioma. Thus, a deeper understanding of the roles of IDH mutations is of great value to improve the therapeutic efficacy of glioma and other malignancies that share similar genetic characteristics. In this review, we focused on the genetics, biochemistry, and clinical impacts of IDH mutations in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.L.); (F.L.); (F.-J.C.)
| | - Fengchao Lang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.L.); (F.L.); (F.-J.C.)
| | - Fu-Ju Chou
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.L.); (F.L.); (F.-J.C.)
| | - Kareem A. Zaghloul
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Chunzhang Yang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.L.); (F.L.); (F.-J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-240-760-7083
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161
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Savani MR, Abdullah KG, McBrayer SK. Amplifying the Noise: Oncometabolites Mask an Epigenetic Signal of DNA Damage. Mol Cell 2020; 79:368-370. [PMID: 32763225 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A recent study (Sulkowski et al., 2020) reveals that oncometabolites, which are produced by metabolic gene mutations in many cancers, sensitize cells to PARP inhibition by antagonizing histone demethylation and obscuring epigenetic marks that are necessary for efficient DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan R Savani
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kalil G Abdullah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Samuel K McBrayer
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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162
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Schiff D, Van den Bent M, Vogelbaum MA, Wick W, Miller CR, Taphoorn M, Pope W, Brown PD, Platten M, Jalali R, Armstrong T, Wen PY. Recent developments and future directions in adult lower-grade gliomas: Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) and European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) consensus. Neuro Oncol 2020; 21:837-853. [PMID: 30753579 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The finding that most grades II and III gliomas harbor isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations conveying a relatively favorable and fairly similar prognosis in both tumor grades highlights that these tumors represent a fundamentally different entity from IDH wild-type gliomas exemplified in most glioblastoma. Herein we review the most recent developments in molecular neuropathology leading to reclassification of these tumors based upon IDH and 1p/19q status, as well as the potential roles of methylation profiling and deletional analysis of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A and 2B. We discuss the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, benefit of surgical resection, and neuroimaging features of lower-grade gliomas as they relate to molecular subtype, including advanced imaging techniques such as 2-hydroxyglutarate magnetic resonance spectroscopy and amino acid PET scanning. Recent, ongoing, and planned studies of radiation therapy and both cytotoxic and targeted chemotherapies are summarized, including both small molecule and immunotherapy approaches specifically targeting the mutant IDH protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schiff
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Martin Van den Bent
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wolfgang Wick
- Divison of Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Martin Taphoorn
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Whitney Pope
- Section of Neuroradiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul D Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael Platten
- Department of Neurology, Mannheim University Hospital, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Terri Armstrong
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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163
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Dahia PL, Clifton-Bligh R, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Robledo M, Jimenez C. HEREDITARY ENDOCRINE TUMOURS: CURRENT STATE-OF-THE-ART AND RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES: Metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: proceedings of the MEN2019 workshop. Endocr Relat Cancer 2020; 27:T41-T52. [PMID: 32069214 PMCID: PMC7334096 DOI: 10.1530/erc-19-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are adrenal or extra-adrenal autonomous nervous system-derived tumors. Most PPGLs are benign, but approximately 15% progress with metastases (mPPGLs). mPPGLs are more likely to occur in patients with large pheochromocytomas, sympathetic paragangliomas, and norepinephrine-secreting tumors. Older subjects, those with larger tumors and synchronous metastases, advance more rapidly. Germline mutations of SDHB, FH, and possibly SLC25A11, or somatic MAML3 disruptions relate to a higher risk for metastatic disease. However, it is unclear whether these mutations predict outcome. Once diagnosed, there are no well-established predictors of outcome in mPPGLs, and aggressive tumors have few therapeutic options and limited response. High-specific activity (HSA) metaiodine-benzyl-guanidine (MIBG) is the first FDA approved treatment and shows clinical effectiveness for MIBG-avid mPPGLs. Ongoing and future investigations should involve validation of emerging candidate outcome biomarkers, including somatic ATRX, TERT, and microRNA disruptions and identification of novel prognostic indicators. Long-term effect of HSA-MIBG and the role of other radiopharmaceuticals should be investigated. Novel trials targeting molecular events prevalent in SDHB/FH mutant tumors, such as activated hypoxia inducible factor 2 (HIF2), angiogenesis, or other mitochondrial defects that might confer unique vulnerability to these tumors should be developed and initiated. As therapeutic options are anticipated to expand, multi-institutional collaborations and well-defined clinical and molecular endpoints will be critical to achieve higher success rates in improving care for patients with mPPGLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L.M. Dahia
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Dept Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio-TX, 78229
- to whom correspondence should be addressed: Patricia Dahia, MD, PhD, Robert Tucker Hayes Distinguished Chair in Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7880, San Antonio-TX, 78229-3900, Tel: (210) 567-4866,
| | - Roderick Clifton-Bligh
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Clinical School, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, INSERM UMR 970, PARCC@HEGP, 54 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, FRANCE
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, E-28029, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Camilo Jimenez
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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164
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Pasquier F, Chahine C, Marzac C, de Botton S. Ivosidenib for the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia with an IDH1 mutation. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2020.1792286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Pasquier
- Department of Clinical, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Claude Chahine
- Department of Clinical, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Marzac
- Department of Biopathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphane de Botton
- Department of Clinical, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Department of Therapeutic Innovations and Early Trials (DITEP), Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Department of Hematology, INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- Department of Hematology, Paris-Sud University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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165
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Jones LE, Hilz S, Grimmer MR, Mazor T, Najac C, Mukherjee J, McKinney A, Chow T, Pieper RO, Ronen SM, Chang SM, Phillips JJ, Costello JF. Patient-derived cells from recurrent tumors that model the evolution of IDH-mutant glioma. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa088. [PMID: 32904945 PMCID: PMC7462278 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IDH-mutant lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) evolve under the selective pressure of therapy, but well-characterized patient-derived cells (PDCs) modeling evolutionary stages are lacking. IDH-mutant LGGs may develop therapeutic resistance associated with chemotherapy-driven hypermutation and malignant progression. The aim of this study was to establish and characterize PDCs, single-cell-derived PDCs (scPDCs), and xenografts (PDX) of IDH1-mutant recurrences representing distinct stages of tumor evolution. Methods We derived and validated cell cultures from IDH1-mutant recurrences of astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma. We used exome sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction to examine the evolutionary stage represented by PDCs, scPDCs, and PDX relative to corresponding spatiotemporal tumor tissue and germline DNA. PDCs were also characterized for growth and tumor immortality phenotypes, and PDX were examined histologically. Results The integrated astrocytoma phylogeny revealed 2 independent founder clonal expansions of hypermutated (HM) cells in tumor tissue that are faithfully represented by independent PDCs. The oligodendroglioma phylogeny showed more than 4000 temozolomide-associated mutations shared among tumor samples, PDCs, scPDCs, and PDX, suggesting a shared monoclonal origin. The PDCs from both subtypes exhibited hallmarks of tumorigenesis, retention of subtype-defining genomic features, production of 2-hydroxyglutarate, and subtype-specific telomere maintenance mechanisms that confer tumor cell immortality. The oligodendroglioma PDCs formed infiltrative intracranial tumors with characteristic histology. Conclusions These PDCs, scPDCs, and PDX are unique and versatile community resources that model the heterogeneous clonal origins and functions of recurrent IDH1-mutant LGGs. The integrated phylogenies advance our knowledge of the complex evolution and immense mutational load of IDH1-mutant HM glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey E Jones
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Hilz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthew R Grimmer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tali Mazor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chloé Najac
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joydeep Mukherjee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew McKinney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tracy Chow
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Russell O Pieper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan M Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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166
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Branzoli F, Pontoizeau C, Tchara L, Di Stefano AL, Kamoun A, Deelchand DK, Valabrègue R, Lehéricy S, Sanson M, Ottolenghi C, Marjańska M. Cystathionine as a marker for 1p/19q codeleted gliomas by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neuro Oncol 2020; 21:765-774. [PMID: 30726924 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Codeletion of chromosome arms 1p and 19q (1p/19q codeletion) highly benefits diagnosis and prognosis in gliomas. In this study, we investigated the effect of 1p/19q codeletion on cancer cell metabolism and evaluated possible metabolic targets for tailored therapies. METHODS We combined in vivo 1H (proton) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurements in human gliomas with the analysis of a series of standard amino acids by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) in human glioma biopsies. Sixty-five subjects with low-grade glioma were included in the study: 31 underwent the MRI/MRS examination, 47 brain tumor tissue samples were analyzed with LC-MS, and 33 samples were analyzed for gene expression with quantitative PCR. Additionally, we performed metabolic tracer experiments in cell models with 1p deletion. RESULTS We report the first in vivo detection of cystathionine by MRS in 1p/19q codeleted gliomas. Selective accumulation of cystathionine was observed in codeleted gliomas in vivo, in brain tissue samples, as well as in cells harboring heterozygous deletions for serine- and cystathionine-pathway genes located on 1p: phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH). Quantitative PCR analyses showed 40-50% lower expression of both PHGDH and CTH in 1p/19q codeleted gliomas compared with their non-codeleted counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide strong evidence of a selective vulnerability of codeleted gliomas to serine and glutathione depletion and point to cystathionine as a possible noninvasive marker of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Branzoli
- Brain and Spine Institute, Center for Neuroimaging Research (CENIR), Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Clément Pontoizeau
- Metabolomics Unit, Department of Biology, Reference Center for Metabolic Diseases, Necker Hospital and University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Lucien Tchara
- Metabolomics Unit, Department of Biology, Reference Center for Metabolic Diseases, Necker Hospital and University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anna Luisa Di Stefano
- Department of Neurology, Public Assistance-Hospital of Paris, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Aurélie Kamoun
- Tumor ID Card Program, National League Against Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Dinesh K Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Romain Valabrègue
- Brain and Spine Institute, Center for Neuroimaging Research (CENIR), Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Brain and Spine Institute, Center for Neuroimaging Research (CENIR), Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Marc Sanson
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Public Assistance-Hospital of Paris, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,The Tumorotheque, Brain and Spine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Chris Ottolenghi
- Metabolomics Unit, Department of Biology, Reference Center for Metabolic Diseases, Necker Hospital and University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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167
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Hanif S, Muhammad P, Chesworth R, Rehman FU, Qian RJ, Zheng M, Shi BY. Nanomedicine-based immunotherapy for central nervous system disorders. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:936-953. [PMID: 32467570 PMCID: PMC7468531 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders represent a broad spectrum of brain ailments with short- and long-term disabilities, and nanomedicine-based approaches provide a new therapeutic approach to treating CNS disorders. A variety of potential drugs have been discovered to treat several neuronal disorders; however, their therapeutic success can be limited by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, unique immune functions within the CNS provide novel target mechanisms for the amelioration of CNS diseases. Recently, various therapeutic approaches have been applied to fight brain-related disorders, with moderate outcomes. Among the various therapeutic strategies, nanomedicine-based immunotherapeutic systems represent a new era that can deliver useful cargo with promising pharmacokinetics. These approaches exploit the molecular and cellular targeting of CNS disorders for enhanced safety, efficacy, and specificity. In this review, we focus on the efficacy of nanomedicines that utilize immunotherapy to combat CNS disorders. Furthermore, we detailed summarize nanomedicine-based pathways for CNS ailments that aim to deliver drugs across the BBB by mimicking innate immune actions. Overview of how nanomedicines can utilize multiple immunotherapy pathways to combat CNS disorders. ![]()
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168
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Nagashima H, Lee CK, Tateishi K, Higuchi F, Subramanian M, Rafferty S, Melamed L, Miller JJ, Wakimoto H, Cahill DP. Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase Inhibition Sequesters NAD + to Potentiate the Metabolic Lethality of Alkylating Chemotherapy in IDH-Mutant Tumor Cells. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1672-1689. [PMID: 32606138 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NAD+ is an essential cofactor metabolite and is the currency of metabolic transactions critical for cell survival. Depending on tissue context and genotype, cancer cells have unique dependencies on NAD+ metabolic pathways. PARPs catalyze oligomerization of NAD+ monomers into PAR chains during cellular response to alkylating chemotherapeutics, including procarbazine or temozolomide. Here we find that, in endogenous IDH1-mutant tumor models, alkylator-induced cytotoxicity is markedly augmented by pharmacologic inhibition or genetic knockout of the PAR breakdown enzyme PAR glycohydrolase (PARG). Both in vitro and in vivo, we observe that concurrent alkylator and PARG inhibition depletes freely available NAD+ by preventing PAR breakdown, resulting in NAD+ sequestration and collapse of metabolic homeostasis. This effect reversed with NAD+ rescue supplementation, confirming the mechanistic basis of cytotoxicity. Thus, alkylating chemotherapy exposes a genotype-specific metabolic weakness in tumor cells that can be exploited by PARG inactivation. SIGNIFICANCE: Oncogenic mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase genes IDH1 or IDH2 initiate diffuse gliomas of younger adulthood. Strategies to maximize the effectiveness of chemotherapy in these tumors are needed. We discover alkylating chemotherapy and concurrent PARG inhibition exploits an intrinsic metabolic weakness within these cancer cells to provide genotype-specific benefit.See related commentary by Pirozzi and Yan, p. 1629.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nagashima
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine K Lee
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kensuke Tateishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fumi Higuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Megha Subramanian
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Seamus Rafferty
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa Melamed
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie J Miller
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Trott JF, Abu Aboud O, McLaughlin B, Anderson KL, Modiano JF, Kim K, Jen KY, Senapedis W, Chang H, Landesman Y, Baloglu E, Pili R, Weiss RH. Anti-Cancer Activity of PAK4/NAMPT Inhibitor and Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Antibody in Kidney Cancer. KIDNEY360 2020; 1:376-388. [PMID: 35224510 PMCID: PMC8809296 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000282019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney cancer (or renal cell carcinoma, RCC) is the sixth most common malignancy in the United States and is increasing in incidence. Despite new therapies, including targeted therapies and immunotherapies, most RCCs are resistant to treatment. Thus, several laboratories have been evaluating new approaches to therapy, both with single agents as well as combinations. Although we have previously shown efficacy of the dual PAK4/nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitor KPT-9274, and the immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) have shown utility in the clinic, there has been no evaluation of this combination either clinically or in an immunocompetent animal model of kidney cancer. METHODS In this study, we use the renal cell adenocarcinoma (RENCA) model of spontaneous murine kidney cancer. Male BALB/cJ mice were injected subcutaneously with RENCA cells and, after tumors were palpable, they were treated with KPT-9274 and/or anti-programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1; PD1) antibody for 21 days. Tumors were measured and then removed at animal euthanasia for subsequent studies. RESULTS We demonstrate a significant decrease in allograft growth with the combination treatment of KPT-9274 and anti-PD1 antibody without significant weight loss by the animals. This is associated with decreased (MOUSE) Naprt expression, indicating dependence of these tumors on NAMPT in parallel to what we have observed in human RCC. Histology of the tumors showed substantial necrosis regardless of treatment condition, and flow cytometry of antibody-stained tumor cells revealed that the enhanced therapeutic effect of KPT-9274 and anti-PD1 antibody was not driven by infiltration of T cells into tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potential of the RENCA model for evaluating immunologic responses to KPT-9274 and checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) and suggests that therapy with this combination could improve efficacy in RCC beyond what is achievable with CPI alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine F. Trott
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Omran Abu Aboud
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Bridget McLaughlin
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Katie L. Anderson
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jaime F. Modiano
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Kuang-Yu Jen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - William Senapedis
- Research and Translational Development, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc., Newton, Massachusetts
| | - Hua Chang
- Research and Translational Development, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc., Newton, Massachusetts
| | - Yosef Landesman
- Research and Translational Development, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc., Newton, Massachusetts
| | - Erkan Baloglu
- Research and Translational Development, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc., Newton, Massachusetts
| | - Roberto Pili
- Simon Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Robert H. Weiss
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, California
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170
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Association of tumor growth rates with molecular biomarker status: a longitudinal study of high-grade glioma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7908-7926. [PMID: 32388499 PMCID: PMC7244074 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To determine the association of molecular biomarkers with tumor growth in patients with high-grade gliomas (HGGs), the tumor growth rates and molecular biomarker status in 109 patients with HGGs were evaluated. Mean tumor diameter was assessed on at least two pre-surgical T2-weighted and contrast-enhancement T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Tumor growth rates were calculated based on tumor volume and diameter using various methods. The association of biomarkers with increased or decreased tumor growth was calculated using linear mixed-effects models. HGGs exhibited rapid growth rates, with an equivalent volume doubling time of 63.4 days and an equivalent velocity of diameter expansion of 51.6 mm/year. The WHO grade was an independent clinical factor of eVDEs. TERT promoter mutation C250T and MGMT promoter methylation was significantly associated with tumor growth in univariable analysis but not in multivariable analysis. Molecular groups of IDH1, TERT, and 1p/19q and IDH1 and MGMT were independently associated with tumor growth. In addition, tumor enhanced area had a faster growth rate than a tumor entity in incomplete enhanced HGGs (p = 0.006). Our findings provide crucial information for the prediction of preoperative tumor growth in HGGs, and aided in the decision making for aggressive resection and adjuvant treatment strategies.
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171
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Yamashita AS, da Costa Rosa M, Borodovsky A, Festuccia WT, Chan T, Riggins GJ. Demethylation and epigenetic modification with 5-azacytidine reduces IDH1 mutant glioma growth in combination with temozolomide. Neuro Oncol 2020; 21:189-200. [PMID: 30184215 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isocitrate deyhydrogenase (IDH) mutant glioma comprises the majority of grades II-III gliomas and nearly all secondary glioblastomas. These progressive gliomas arise from mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 that pathologically produce D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), which interferes with cell reactions using alpha ketoglutarate, leading to a hypermethylated genome and epigenetic dysregulation of gene expression initiating tumorigenesis. METHODS Human IDH1 wild type (wt) and IDH1 R132H cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were used to evaluate the FDA-approved DNA demethylating agent 5-azacytidine (5-aza). Cell growth, protein and gene expression, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and nucleosome position assays were performed in 5-aza treated cells. To evaluate antitumor activity in vivo, 5-aza was administered alone and in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) in a PDX glioma model harboring IDH1 R132H mutation. RESULTS 5-Aza treatment has been found to reduce cell growth and increase expression of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). Chromatin immunoprecipitation and nucleosome position assay showed that the mechanism of increased GFAP expression induction is associated with histone modification and nucleosome repositioning of the GFAP promoter, respectively. In vivo, 5-aza treatment extended survival in IDH1 R132H mutant but not in an IDH1 wt glioma model. Additionally, 5-aza enhances the therapeutic effect of the DNA damaging agent TMZ in both subcutaneous and orthotopic PDX models of IDH1 R132H mutant glioma. CONCLUSION 5-Aza provided a survival benefit as a single agent but worked best in combination with TMZ in 2 different IDH1 R132H mutant glioma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Shimura Yamashita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina da Costa Rosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexandra Borodovsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Timothy Chan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gregory J Riggins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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172
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Triptolide suppresses IDH1-mutated malignancy via Nrf2-driven glutathione metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9964-9972. [PMID: 32312817 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913633117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation is a common genetic abnormality in human malignancies characterized by remarkable metabolic reprogramming. Our present study demonstrated that IDH1-mutated cells showed elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and higher demands on Nrf2-guided glutathione de novo synthesis. Our findings showed that triptolide, a diterpenoid epoxide from Tripterygium wilfordii, served as a potent Nrf2 inhibitor, which exhibited selective cytotoxicity to patient-derived IDH1-mutated glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, triptolide compromised the expression of GCLC, GCLM, and SLC7A11, which disrupted glutathione metabolism and established synthetic lethality with reactive oxygen species derived from IDH1 mutant neomorphic activity. Our findings highlight triptolide as a valuable therapeutic approach for IDH1-mutated malignancies by targeting the Nrf2-driven glutathione synthesis pathway.
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173
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Zou Y, Wang A, Huang L, Zhu X, Hu Q, Zhang Y, Chen X, Li F, Wang Q, Wang H, Liu R, Zuo F, Li T, Yao J, Qian Y, Shi M, Yue X, Chen W, Zhang Z, Wang C, Zhou Y, Zhu L, Ju Z, Loscalzo J, Yang Y, Zhao Y. Illuminating NAD + Metabolism in Live Cells and In Vivo Using a Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Sensor. Dev Cell 2020; 53:240-252.e7. [PMID: 32197067 PMCID: PMC7323873 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of NAD+ metabolism provides many critical insights into health and diseases, yet highly sensitive and specific detection of NAD+ metabolism in live cells and in vivo remains difficult. Here, we present ratiometric, highly responsive genetically encoded fluorescent indicators, FiNad, for monitoring NAD+ dynamics in living cells and animals. FiNad sensors cover physiologically relevant NAD+ concentrations and sensitively respond to increases and decreases in NAD+. Utilizing FiNad, we performed a head-to-head comparison study of common NAD+ precursors in various organisms and mapped their biochemical roles in enhancing NAD+ levels. Moreover, we showed that increased NAD+ synthesis controls morphofunctional changes of activated macrophages, and directly imaged NAD+ declines during aging in situ. The broad utility of the FiNad sensors will expand our mechanistic understanding of numerous NAD+-associated physiological and pathological processes and facilitate screening for drug or gene candidates that affect uptake, efflux, and metabolism of this important cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejun Zou
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li Huang
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Institute of Ageing Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, 1378 Wenyixi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qingxun Hu
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- The Metabolic Diseases Biobank, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fengwen Li
- The Metabolic Diseases Biobank, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qiaohui Wang
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Renmei Liu
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fangting Zuo
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ting Li
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jing Yao
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yajie Qian
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mei Shi
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiao Yue
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weicai Chen
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Congrong Wang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Linyong Zhu
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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174
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IDH mutation in glioma: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1580-1589. [PMID: 32291392 PMCID: PMC7250901 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes catalyse the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate and therefore play key roles in the Krebs cycle and cellular homoeostasis. Major advances in cancer genetics over the past decade have revealed that the genes encoding IDHs are frequently mutated in a variety of human malignancies, including gliomas, acute myeloid leukaemia, cholangiocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma and thyroid carcinoma. A series of seminal studies further elucidated the biological impact of the IDH mutation and uncovered the potential role of IDH mutants in oncogenesis. Notably, the neomorphic activity of the IDH mutants establishes distinctive patterns in cancer metabolism, epigenetic shift and therapy resistance. Novel molecular targeting approaches have been developed to improve the efficacy of therapeutics against IDH-mutated cancers. Here we provide an overview of the latest findings in IDH-mutated human malignancies, with a focus on glioma, discussing unique biological signatures and proceedings in translational research.
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175
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Transcriptomic Analysis of Glioma Based on IDH Status Identifies ACAA2 as a Prognostic Factor in Lower Grade Glioma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1086792. [PMID: 32280672 PMCID: PMC7115055 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1086792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common and lethal tumor in the central nervous system (CNS). More than 70% of WHO grade II/III gliomas were found to harbor isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations which generated targetable metabolic vulnerabilities. Focusing on the metabolic vulnerabilities, some targeted therapies, such as NAMPT, have shown significant effects in preclinical and clinical trials. Methods We explored the TCGA as well as CGGA database and analyzed the RNA-seq data of lower grade gliomas (LGG) with the method of weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Differential expressed genes were screened, and coexpression relationships were grouped together by performing average linkage hierarchical clustering on the topological overlap. Clinical data were used to conduct Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results In this study, we identified ACAA2 as a prognostic factor in IDH mutation lower grade glioma with the method of weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). The difference of ACAA2 gene expressions between the IDH wild-type (IDH-WT) group and the IDH mutant (IDH-MUT) group suggested that there may be different potential targeted therapies based on the fatty acid metabolic vulnerabilities, which promoted the personalized treatment for LGG patients.
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176
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Correlation between IDH, ATRX, and TERT promoter mutations in glioma. Brain Tumor Pathol 2020; 37:33-40. [PMID: 32227259 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-020-00360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
According to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors, diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors are differentiated by the presence of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 (IDH1/2) mutation and the combined loss of the short arm of chromosome 1 and the long arm of chromosome 19 (1p/19q co-deletion). IDH-mutant astrocytoma often has p53 and alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) mutation, showing the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) phenotype, while IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-co-deleted oligodendroglioma often have wild-type p53 and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation, showing telomerase activation. This study analyzed IDH, ATRX, and TERT promoter mutations, and the correlation between them. Immortalized cells overcome the telomere-related crisis by activating telomerase or ALT. In glioma, telomerase is mainly activated by TERT promoter mutation, while ALT is usually associated with ATRX mutation. Although the mechanism of how ATRX mutation induces ALT remains unclear, ATRX loss alone is believed to be insufficient to induce ALT. Treatments targeting telomere maintenance are promising.
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177
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mTORC2/Rac1 Pathway Predisposes Cancer Aggressiveness in IDH1-Mutated Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040787. [PMID: 32224866 PMCID: PMC7226122 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are common genetic abnormalities in lower grade gliomas. The neomorphic enzyme activity of IDH mutants leads to tumor formation through epigenetic alteration, dysfunction of dioxygenases, and metabolic reprogramming. However, it remains elusive as to how IDH mutants regulate the pathways associated with oncogenic transformation and aggressiveness. In the present study, by using unbiased transcriptomic profiling, we showed that IDH1 mutations result in substantial changes in the gene sets that govern cellular motility, chemotaxis, and invasion. Mechanistically, rapamycin-insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin (Rictor)/Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) signaling plays an essential role in the motility and proliferation of IDH1-mutated cells by prompting cytoskeleton reorganization, lamellipodia formation, and enhanced endocytosis. Targeting the Rictor/Rac1 pathway suppresses IDH1-mutated cells by limiting endocytosis and cell proliferation. Overall, our findings indicate a novel metabolic reprogramming mechanism of IDH1-mutated cells by exploiting metabolites from the extracellular milieu. Targeting the Rictor/Rac1 pathway could be an alternative therapeutic strategy for IDH1-mutated malignancies.
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178
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Lin X, Xiao Z, Chen T, Liang SH, Guo H. Glucose Metabolism on Tumor Plasticity, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:317. [PMID: 32211335 PMCID: PMC7069415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells support tumor proliferation and progression by adopting to metabolic changes. Tumor cells altered metabolism by increasing glucose uptake and fermentation of glucose to lactate, even in the aerobic state and the presence of functioning mitochondria. Glucose metabolism in tumor plasticity has attracted great interests by clinicians and scientists in the past decades. This review discusses the previous and emerging researches on the tumor plasticity altered by changing glucose metabolism in different cancer cells, including cancer stem cells (CSCs). In addition, we summarize the rising applications of glucose metabolism in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Our objective is to direct future investigation on this altered metabolic phenotype and its application in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zizheng Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Huiqin Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Sijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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179
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van den Bent MJ, Mellinghoff IK, Bindra RS. Gray Areas in the Gray Matter: IDH1/2 Mutations in Glioma. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2020; 40:1-8. [PMID: 32186930 PMCID: PMC7673204 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_280967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since the first discovery of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in cancer, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of their contribution to cancer development. For glioma, this has helped to identify two diagnostic groups of tumors (oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma IDHmt) with distinct clinical characteristics and that are now diagnosed by the presence of the IDH mutations. The metabolic changes occurring as the consequence of the altered substrate affinity of the mutant IDH protein results in a cascade of intracellular changes, also inducing a relative sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy compared with IDHwt tumors. Pharmacologic blockade of the mutant enzyme with first-in-class inhibitors has been efficacious for the treatment of IDH-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is currently being evaluated in phase III trials for IDH-mutant glioma (INDIGO) and cholangiocarcinoma (ClarIDHy). It seems likely that acquired resistance to mutant IDH inhibitors will eventually emerge, and combination therapies to augment the antitumor activity of mutant IDH inhibitors have already been initiated. Approaches to exploit, rather than inhibit, the unique metabolism of IDH-mutant cancer cells have emerged from laboratory studies and are now also being tested in the clinic. Results of these clinical trials are eagerly awaited and will likely provide new key insights and direction of the treatment of IDH-mutant human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. van den Bent
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ingo K. Mellinghoff
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Ranjit S. Bindra
- Departments of Therapeutic Radiology and Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Brain Tumor Center, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
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180
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Pramono AA, Rather GM, Herman H, Lestari K, Bertino JR. NAD- and NADPH-Contributing Enzymes as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer: An Overview. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030358. [PMID: 32111066 PMCID: PMC7175141 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actively proliferating cancer cells require sufficient amount of NADH and NADPH for biogenesis and to protect cells from the detrimental effect of reactive oxygen species. As both normal and cancer cells share the same NAD biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, selectively lowering levels of NAD(H) and NADPH would be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Targeting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a rate limiting enzyme of the NAD salvage pathway, affects the NAD and NADPH pool. Similarly, lowering NADPH by mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) which produces D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG), an oncometabolite that downregulates nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRT) via hypermethylation on the promoter region, results in epigenetic regulation. NADPH is used to generate D-2HG, and is also needed to protect dihydrofolate reductase, the target for methotrexate, from degradation. NAD and NADPH pools in various cancer types are regulated by several metabolic enzymes, including methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, serine hydroxymethyltransferase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Thus, targeting NAD and NADPH synthesis under special circumstances is a novel approach to treat some cancers. This article provides the rationale for targeting the key enzymes that maintain the NAD/NADPH pool, and reviews preclinical studies of targeting these enzymes in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvinsyah Adhityo Pramono
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (A.A.P.); (G.M.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Gulam M. Rather
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (A.A.P.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Herry Herman
- Division of Oncology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia;
| | - Keri Lestari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Joseph R. Bertino
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (A.A.P.); (G.M.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(732)-235-8510
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181
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Wang Z, Chen D, Piao HL, Hua X. PTEN-deficient cells prefer glutamine for metabolic synthesis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
PTEN loss-of-function mutations frequently occur in gliomas and lead to poor overall survival. PTEN deficiency induces metabolic reprogramming, which may provide therapeutic targets. PTEN is known to impact the Warburg effect and glutaminolysis. To uncover essential glutamine-related metabolic changes specific in PTEN-deficient cells and thus provide potential therapeutic targets, we performed capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis and metabolic flux analysis under different glutamine culture conditions and PTEN alteration status. Glu, Asn, Gly, Ala, and 1-methylnicotinamide were decreased in PTEN-deficient cells under normal culture conditions. Meanwhile, under Gln-deprived culture conditions, Glu, citrate, and UTP synthesis were reduced and acetyl carnitine was increased in PTEN-deficient cells. The reliance on Gln was increased for metabolic intermediates synthesis but decreased for energy production in PTEN-deficient cells. However, the reliance on Gln for UTP synthesis cannot be targeted due to anaplerotic synthesis of UTP from other sources. How to target these metabolic addictions needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Di Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hai-long Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiangdong Hua
- Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Institute & Hospital, Shenyang 110042, China
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182
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Tiburcio PDB, Gillespie DL, Jensen RL, Huang LE. Extracellular glutamate and IDH1 R132H inhibitor promote glioma growth by boosting redox potential. J Neurooncol 2020; 146:427-437. [PMID: 32020473 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Somatic mutations of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene, mostly substituting Arg132 with histidine, are associated with better patient survival, but glioma recurrence and progression are nearly inevitable, resulting in disproportionate morbidity and mortality. Our previous studies demonstrated that in contrast to hemizygous IDH1R132H (loss of wild-type allele), heterozygous IDH1R132H is intrinsically glioma suppressive but its suppression of three-dimensional (3D) growth is negated by extracellular glutamate and reducing equivalent. This study sought to understand the importance of 3D culture in IDH1R132H biology and the underlying mechanism of the glutamate effect. METHODS RNA sequencing data of IDH1R132H-heterozygous and IDH1R132H-hemizygous glioma cells cultured under two-dimensional (2D) and 3D conditions were subjected to unsupervised hierarchal clustering and gene set enrichment analysis. IDH1R132H-heterozygous and IDH1R132H-hemizygous tumor growth were compared in subcutaneous and intracranial transplantations. Short-hairpin RNA against glutamate dehydrogenase 2 gene (GLUD2) expression was employed to determine the effects of glutamate and the mutant IDH1 inhibitor AGI-5198 on redox potential in IDH1R132H-heterozygous cells. RESULTS In contrast to IDH1R132H-heterozygous cells, 3D-cultured but not 2D-cultured IDH1R132H-hemizygous cells were clustered with more malignant gliomas, possessed the glioblastoma mesenchymal signature, and exhibited aggressive tumor growth. Although both extracellular glutamate and AGI-5198 stimulated redox potential for 3D growth of IDH1R132H-heterozygous cells, GLUD2 expression was required for glutamate, but not AGI-5198, stimulation. CONCLUSION 3D culture is more relevant to IDH1R132H glioma biology. The importance of redox homeostasis in IDH1R132H glioma suggests that metabolic pathway(s) can be explored for therapeutic targeting, whereas IDH1R132H inhibitors may have counterproductive consequences in patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia D B Tiburcio
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - David L Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Randy L Jensen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - L Eric Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. .,Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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183
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Murphy JP, Giacomantonio MA, Paulo JA, Everley RA, Kennedy BE, Pathak GP, Clements DR, Kim Y, Dai C, Sharif T, Gygi SP, Gujar S. The NAD + Salvage Pathway Supports PHGDH-Driven Serine Biosynthesis. Cell Rep 2020; 24:2381-2391.e5. [PMID: 30157431 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD+ is a key metabolic redox cofactor that is regenerated from nicotinamide through the NAD+ salvage pathway. Here, we find that inhibiting the NAD+ salvage pathway depletes serine biosynthesis from glucose by impeding the NAD+-dependent protein, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH). Importantly, we find that PHGDHhigh breast cancer cell lines are exquisitely sensitive to inhibition of the NAD+ salvage pathway. Further, we find that PHGDH protein levels and those of the rate-limiting enzyme of NAD+ salvage, NAMPT, correlate in ER-negative, basal-like breast cancers. Although NAD+ salvage pathway inhibitors are actively being pursued in cancer treatment, their efficacy has been poor, and our findings suggest that they may be effective for PHGDH-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Patrick Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert A Everley
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barry E Kennedy
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Gopal P Pathak
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Derek R Clements
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Youra Kim
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Cathleen Dai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tanveer Sharif
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Centre for Innovative and Collaborative Health Services Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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184
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Heske CM. Beyond Energy Metabolism: Exploiting the Additional Roles of NAMPT for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1514. [PMID: 32010616 PMCID: PMC6978772 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells have increased requirements for NAD+. Thus, many cancers exhibit an increased reliance on NAD+ production pathways. This dependence may be exploited therapeutically through pharmacological targeting of NAMPT, the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD+ salvage pathway. Despite promising preclinical data using NAMPT inhibitors in cancer models, early NAMPT inhibitors showed limited efficacy in several early phase clinical trials, necessitating the identification of strategies, such as drug combinations, to enhance their efficacy. While the effect of NAMPT inhibitors on impairment of energy metabolism in cancer cells has been well-described, more recent insights have uncovered a number of additional targetable cellular processes that are impacted by inhibition of NAMPT. These include sirtuin function, DNA repair machinery, redox homeostasis, molecular signaling, cellular stemness, and immune processes. This review highlights the recent findings describing the effects of NAMPT inhibitors on the non-metabolic functions of malignant cells, with a focus on how this information can be leveraged clinically. Combining NAMPT inhibitors with other therapies that target NAD+-dependent processes or selecting tumors with specific vulnerabilities that can be co-targeted with NAMPT inhibitors may represent opportunities to exploit the multiple functions of this enzyme for greater therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Heske
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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185
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Mutant IDH1 Depletion Downregulates Integrins and Impairs Chondrosarcoma Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010141. [PMID: 31935911 PMCID: PMC7017040 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant bone tumors that produce hyaline cartilaginous matrix. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase enzymes (IDH1/2) were recently described in several cancers, including conventional and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas. These mutations lead to the inability of IDH to convert isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Instead, α-KG is reduced into D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG), an oncometabolite. IDH mutations and D-2HG are thought to contribute to tumorigenesis due to the role of D-2HG as a competitive inhibitor of α-KG-dependent dioxygenases. However, the function of IDH mutations in chondrosarcomas has not been clearly defined. In this study, we knocked out mutant IDH1 (IDH1mut) in two chondrosarcoma cell lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We observed that D-2HG production, anchorage-independent growth, and cell migration were significantly suppressed in the IDH1mut knockout cells. Loss of IDH1mut also led to a marked attenuation of chondrosarcoma formation and D-2HG production in a xenograft model. In addition, RNA-Seq analysis of IDH1mut knockout cells revealed downregulation of several integrin genes, including those of integrin alpha 5 (ITGA5) and integrin beta 5 (ITGB5). We further demonstrated that deregulation of integrin-mediated processes contributed to the tumorigenicity of IDH1-mutant chondrosarcoma cells. Our findings showed that IDH1mut knockout abrogates chondrosarcoma genesis through modulation of integrins. This suggests that integrin molecules are appealing candidates for combinatorial regimens with IDH1mut inhibitors for chondrosarcomas that harbor this mutation.
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186
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Korotchkina L, Kazyulkin D, Komarov PG, Polinsky A, Andrianova EL, Joshi S, Gupta M, Vujcic S, Kononov E, Toshkov I, Tian Y, Krasnov P, Chernov MV, Veith J, Antoch MP, Middlemiss S, Somers K, Lock RB, Norris MD, Henderson MJ, Haber M, Chernova OB, Gudkov AV. OT-82, a novel anticancer drug candidate that targets the strong dependence of hematological malignancies on NAD biosynthesis. Leukemia 2020; 34:1828-1839. [PMID: 31896781 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatment of some types of cancer can be achieved by modulating cell lineage-specific rather than tumor-specific targets. We conducted a systematic search for novel agents selectively toxic to cells of hematopoietic origin. Chemical library screenings followed by hit-to-lead optimization identified OT-82, a small molecule with strong efficacy against hematopoietic malignancies including acute myeloblastic and lymphoblastic adult and pediatric leukemias, erythroleukemia, multiple myeloma, and Burkitt's lymphoma in vitro and in mouse xenograft models. OT-82 was also more toxic towards patients-derived leukemic cells versus healthy bone marrow-derived hematopoietic precursors. OT-82 was shown to induce cell death by inhibiting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in the salvage pathway of NAD synthesis. In mice, optimization of OT-82 dosing and dietary niacin further expanded the compound's therapeutic index. In toxicological studies conducted in mice and nonhuman primates, OT-82 showed no cardiac, neurological or retinal toxicities observed with other NAMPT inhibitors and had no effect on mouse aging or longevity. Hematopoietic and lymphoid organs were identified as the primary targets for dose limiting toxicity of OT-82 in both species. These results reveal strong dependence of neoplastic cells of hematopoietic origin on NAMPT and introduce OT-82 as a promising candidate for the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean Veith
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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187
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Bi J, Chowdhry S, Wu S, Zhang W, Masui K, Mischel PS. Altered cellular metabolism in gliomas - an emerging landscape of actionable co-dependency targets. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:57-70. [PMID: 31806884 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Altered cellular metabolism is a hallmark of gliomas. Propelled by a set of recent technological advances, new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying glioma metabolism are rapidly emerging. In this Review, we focus on the dynamic nature of glioma metabolism and how it is shaped by the interaction between tumour genotype and brain microenvironment. Recent advances integrating metabolomics with genomics are discussed, yielding new insight into the mechanisms that drive glioma pathogenesis. Studies that shed light on interactions between the tumour microenvironment and tumour genotype are highlighted, providing important clues as to how gliomas respond to and adapt to their changing tissue and biochemical contexts. Finally, a road map for the discovery of potential new glioma drug targets is suggested, with the goal of translating these new insights about glioma metabolism into clinical benefits for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Bi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sudhir Chowdhry
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sihan Wu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kenta Masui
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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188
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Effective targeting of NAMPT in patient-derived xenograft models of high-risk pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2019; 34:1524-1539. [PMID: 31848452 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis for children diagnosed with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains suboptimal, and more potent and less toxic treatments are urgently needed. We investigated the efficacy of a novel nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor, OT-82, against a panel of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) established from high-risk and poor outcome pediatric ALL cases. OT-82 was well-tolerated and demonstrated impressive single agent in vivo efficacy, achieving significant leukemia growth delay in 95% (20/21) and disease regression in 86% (18/21) of PDXs. In addition, OT-82 enhanced the efficacy of the established drugs cytarabine and dasatinib and, as a single agent, showed similar efficacy as an induction-type regimen combining three drugs used to treat pediatric ALL. OT-82 exerted its antileukemic action by depleting NAD+ and ATP, inhibiting the NAD+-requiring DNA damage repair enzyme PARP-1, increasing mitochondrial ROS levels and inducing DNA damage, culminating in apoptosis induction. OT-82 sensitivity was associated with the occurrence of mutations in major DNA damage response genes, while OT-82 resistance was characterized by high expression levels of CD38. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that OT-82, as a single agent, and in combination with established drugs, is a promising new therapeutic strategy for a broad spectrum of high-risk pediatric ALL for which improved therapies are urgently needed.
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189
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Biedermann J, Preussler M, Conde M, Peitzsch M, Richter S, Wiedemuth R, Abou-El-Ardat K, Krüger A, Meinhardt M, Schackert G, Leenders WP, Herold-Mende C, Niclou SP, Bjerkvig R, Eisenhofer G, Temme A, Seifert M, Kunz-Schughart LA, Schröck E, Klink B. Mutant IDH1 Differently Affects Redox State and Metabolism in Glial Cells of Normal and Tumor Origin. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122028. [PMID: 31888244 PMCID: PMC6966450 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IDH1R132H (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1) mutations play a key role in the development of low-grade gliomas. IDH1wt converts isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate while reducing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+), whereas IDH1R132H uses α-ketoglutarate and NADPH to generate the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). While the effects of 2-HG have been the subject of intense research, the 2-HG independent effects of IDH1R132H are still ambiguous. The present study demonstrates that IDH1R132H expression but not 2-HG alone leads to significantly decreased tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites, reduced proliferation, and enhanced sensitivity to irradiation in both glioblastoma cells and astrocytes in vitro. Glioblastoma cells, but not astrocytes, showed decreased NADPH and NAD+ levels upon IDH1R132H transduction. However, in astrocytes IDH1R132H led to elevated expression of the NAD-synthesizing enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). These effects were not 2-HG mediated. This suggests that IDH1R132H cells utilize NAD+ to restore NADP pools, which only astrocytes could compensate via induction of NAMPT. We found that the expression of NAMPT is lower in patient-derived IDH1-mutant glioma cells and xenografts compared to IDH1-wildtype models. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data analysis confirmed lower NAMPT expression in IDH1-mutant versus IDH1-wildtype gliomas. We show that the IDH1 mutation directly affects the energy homeostasis and redox state in a cell-type dependent manner. Targeting the impairments in metabolism and redox state might open up new avenues for treating IDH1-mutant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Biedermann
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.B.); (M.P.); (K.A.-E.-A.); (A.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Matthias Preussler
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.B.); (M.P.); (K.A.-E.-A.); (A.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Marina Conde
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.C.); (R.W.); (G.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.P.); (S.R.); (G.E.)
| | - Susan Richter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.P.); (S.R.); (G.E.)
| | - Ralf Wiedemuth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.C.); (R.W.); (G.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Khalil Abou-El-Ardat
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.B.); (M.P.); (K.A.-E.-A.); (A.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Alexander Krüger
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.B.); (M.P.); (K.A.-E.-A.); (A.K.); (E.S.)
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Meinhardt
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.C.); (R.W.); (G.S.); (A.T.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William P. Leenders
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Simone P. Niclou
- Department of Oncology, NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (S.P.N.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Oncology, NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (S.P.N.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.P.); (S.R.); (G.E.)
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.C.); (R.W.); (G.S.); (A.T.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Seifert
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Leoni A. Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Evelin Schröck
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.B.); (M.P.); (K.A.-E.-A.); (A.K.); (E.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.B.); (M.P.); (K.A.-E.-A.); (A.K.); (E.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center of Genetics (NCG), Laboratoire national de santé (LNS), L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +352-28100-418; Fax: +352-28100-441
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190
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Inhibition of PARP Sensitizes Chondrosarcoma Cell Lines to Chemo- and Radiotherapy Irrespective of the IDH1 or IDH2 Mutation Status. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121918. [PMID: 31810230 PMCID: PMC6966531 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are chemo- and radiotherapy resistant and frequently harbor mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1 or IDH2), causing increased levels of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG). DNA repair defects and synthetic lethality with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition occur in IDH mutant glioma and leukemia models. Here we evaluated DNA repair and PARP inhibition, alone or combined with chemo- or radiotherapy, in chondrosarcoma cell lines with or without endogenous IDH mutations. Chondrosarcoma cell lines treated with the PARP inhibitor talazoparib were examined for dose–response relationships, as well as underlying cell death mechanisms and DNA repair functionality. Talazoparib was combined with chemo- or radiotherapy to evaluate potential synergy. Cell lines treated long term with an inhibitor normalizing D-2-HG levels were investigated for synthetic lethality with talazoparib. We report that talazoparib sensitivity was variable and irrespective of IDH mutation status. All cell lines expressed Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), but a subset was impaired in poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) capacity, homologous recombination, and O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression. Talazoparib synergized with temozolomide or radiation, independent of IDH1 mutant inhibition. This study suggests that talazoparib combined with temozolomide or radiation are promising therapeutic strategies for chondrosarcoma, irrespective of IDH mutation status. A subset of chondrosarcomas may be deficient in nonclassical DNA repair pathways, suggesting that PARP inhibitor sensitivity is multifactorial in chondrosarcoma.
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191
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Abstract
Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 gene are commonly found in human glioma, with the majority of low-grade gliomas harboring a recurrent point mutation (IDH1 R132H). Mutant IDH reveals an altered enzymatic activity leading to the synthesis of 2-hydroxyglutarate, which has been implicated in epigenetic mechanisms of oncogenesis. Nevertheless, it is unclear exactly how IDH mutations drive glioma initiation and progression, and it is also not clear why tumors with this mutation generally have a better prognosis than IDH wild-type tumors. Recognition of the high frequency of IDH mutations in glioma [and also in other malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and cholangiocarcinoma] have led to the development of a number of targeted agents that can inhibit these enzymes. Enasidenib and ivosidenib have both gained regulatory approval for IDH mutant AML. Both agents are still in early clinical phases for glioma therapy, as are a number of additional candidates (including AG-881, BAY1436032, and DS1001). A marked clinical problem in the development of these agents is overcoming the blood-brain barrier. An alternative approach to target the IDH1 mutation is by the induction of synthetic lethality with compounds that target poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), glutamine metabolism, and the Bcl-2 family of proteins. We conclude that within the last decade, several approaches have been devised to therapeutically target the IDH1 mutation, and that, potentially, both IDH1 inhibitors and synthetic lethal approaches might be relevant for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trang T T Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, P&S Rm. 15-415, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Enyuan Shang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bronx Community College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, P&S Rm. 15-415, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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192
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Satriano L, Lewinska M, Rodrigues PM, Banales JM, Andersen JB. Metabolic rearrangements in primary liver cancers: cause and consequences. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:748-766. [PMID: 31666728 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is the fourth most frequent cause of cancer-related death. The high mortality rates arise from late diagnosis and the limited accuracy of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The liver is a major regulator, orchestrating the clearance of toxins, balancing glucose, lipid and amino acid uptake, managing whole-body metabolism and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Tumour onset and progression is frequently accompanied by rearrangements of metabolic pathways, leading to dysregulation of metabolism. The limitation of current therapies targeting PLCs, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, points towards the importance of deciphering this metabolic complexity. In this Review, we discuss the role of metabolic liver disruptions and the implications of these processes in PLCs, emphasizing their clinical relevance and value in early diagnosis and prognosis and as putative therapeutic targets. We also describe system biology approaches able to reconstruct the metabolic complexity of liver diseases. We also discuss whether metabolic rearrangements are a cause or consequence of PLCs, emphasizing the opportunity to clinically exploit the rewired metabolism. In line with this idea, we discuss circulating metabolites as promising biomarkers for PLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Satriano
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monika Lewinska
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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193
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Winter H, Kaisaki PJ, Harvey J, Giacopuzzi E, Ferla MP, Pentony MM, Knight SJ, Sharma RA, Taylor JC, McCullagh JS. Identification of Circulating Genomic and Metabolic Biomarkers in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1895. [PMID: 31795195 PMCID: PMC6966597 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive cancer arising from the bile ducts with a need for earlier diagnosis and a greater range of treatment options. KRAS/NRAS mutations are common in ICC tumours and 6-32% of patients also have isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) gene mutations associated with metabolic changes. This feasibility study investigated sequencing circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) combined with metabolite profiling of plasma as a method for biomarker discovery in ICC patients. Plasma was collected from four ICC patients receiving radio-embolisation and healthy controls at multiple time points. ctDNA was sequenced using Ampliseq cancer hotspot panel-v2 on Ion Torrent PGM for single nucleotide variants (SNV) detection and with Illumina whole genome sequencing for copy number variants (CNV) and further targeted examination for SNVs. Untargeted analysis of metabolites from patient and control plasma was performed using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Metabolite identification was performed using multi-parameter comparisons with analysis of authentic standards, and univariate statistical analysis was performed to identify differences in metabolite abundance between patient and control samples. Recurrent somatic SNVs and CNVs were identified in ctDNA from three out of four patients that included both NRAS and IDH1 mutations linked to ICC. Plasma metabolite analysis revealed biomarker metabolites associated with ICC and in particular 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) levels were elevated in both samples from the only patient showing a variant allele in IDH1. A reduction in the number of CNVs was observed with treatment. This study demonstrates that ctDNA and metabolite levels can be identified and correlated in ICC patient blood samples and differentiated from healthy controls. We conclude that combining genomic and metabolic analysis of plasma offers an effective approach to biomarker identification with potential for disease stratification and early detection studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Winter
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (H.W.); (P.J.K.); (E.G.); (M.P.F.); (M.M.P.); (J.C.T.)
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
- Bristol Cancer Institute, Horfield Rd, Bristol BS2 8ED, UK
| | - Pamela J. Kaisaki
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (H.W.); (P.J.K.); (E.G.); (M.P.F.); (M.M.P.); (J.C.T.)
| | - Joe Harvey
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK;
| | - Edoardo Giacopuzzi
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (H.W.); (P.J.K.); (E.G.); (M.P.F.); (M.M.P.); (J.C.T.)
| | - Matteo P. Ferla
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (H.W.); (P.J.K.); (E.G.); (M.P.F.); (M.M.P.); (J.C.T.)
| | - Melissa M. Pentony
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (H.W.); (P.J.K.); (E.G.); (M.P.F.); (M.M.P.); (J.C.T.)
| | - Samantha J.L. Knight
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (H.W.); (P.J.K.); (E.G.); (M.P.F.); (M.M.P.); (J.C.T.)
| | - Ricky A. Sharma
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Jenny C. Taylor
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (H.W.); (P.J.K.); (E.G.); (M.P.F.); (M.M.P.); (J.C.T.)
| | - James S.O. McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK;
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194
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Huang LE. Friend or foe-IDH1 mutations in glioma 10 years on. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:1299-1307. [PMID: 31504231 PMCID: PMC6875900 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of recurrent point mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene, albeit in only a small percentage of glioblastomas a decade ago, has transformed our understanding of glioma biology, genomics and metabolism. More than 1000 scientific papers have been published since, propelling bench-to-bedside investigations that have led to drug development and clinical trials. The rapid biomedical advancement has been driven primarily by the realization of a neomorphic activity of IDH1 mutation that produces high levels of (d)-2-hydroxyglutarate, a metabolite believed to promote glioma initiation and progression through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. Thus, novel inhibitors of mutant IDH1 have been developed for therapeutic targeting. However, numerous clinical and experimental findings are at odds with this simple concept. By taking into consideration a large body of findings in the literature, this article analyzes how different approaches have led to opposing conclusions and proffers a counterintuitive hypothesis that IDH1 mutation is intrinsically tumor suppressive in glioma but functionally undermined by the glutamate-rich cerebral environment, inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes and IDH1 copy-number alterations. This theory also provides an explanation for some of the most perplexing observations, including the scarcity of proper model systems and the prevalence of IDH1 mutation in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Eric Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Oncological Science, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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195
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Machida Y, Nakagawa M, Matsunaga H, Yamaguchi M, Ogawara Y, Shima Y, Yamagata K, Katsumoto T, Hattori A, Itoh M, Seki T, Nishiya Y, Nakamura K, Suzuki K, Imaoka T, Baba D, Suzuki M, Sampetrean O, Saya H, Ichimura K, Kitabayashi I. A Potent Blood-Brain Barrier-Permeable Mutant IDH1 Inhibitor Suppresses the Growth of Glioblastoma with IDH1 Mutation in a Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft Model. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:375-383. [PMID: 31727689 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the second most common primary brain tumors in adults. They are treated with combination therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. There are currently limited treatment options for recurrent gliomas, and new targeted therapies need to be identified, especially in glioblastomas, which have poor prognosis. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are detected in various tumors, including gliomas. Most patients with IDH mutant glioma harbor the IDH1R132H subtype. Mutant IDH catalyzes the conversion of α-ketoglutarate to the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), which induces aberrant epigenetic status and contributes to malignant progression, and is therefore a potential therapeutic target for IDH mutant tumors. The present study describes a novel, orally bioavailable selective mutant IDH1 inhibitor, DS-1001b. The drug has high blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and inhibits IDH1R132H. Continuous administration of DS-1001b impaired tumor growth and decreased 2-HG levels in subcutaneous and intracranial xenograft models derived from a patient with glioblastoma with IDH1 mutation. Moreover, the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein was strongly induced by DS-1001b, suggesting that inhibition of mutant IDH1 promotes glial differentiation. These results reveal the efficacy of BBB-permeable DS-1001b in orthotopic patient-derived xenograft models and provide a preclinical rationale for the clinical testing of DS-1001b in recurrent gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Machida
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakagawa
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Functional Imaging, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogawara
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shima
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutsune Yamagata
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuo Katsumoto
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayuna Hattori
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Itoh
- Oncology Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Seki
- Oncology Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Nishiya
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakamura
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanae Suzuki
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Imaoka
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Baba
- Post-Marketing Regulatory Affairs Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Structure-Based Drug Design Group, Organic Synthesis Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oltea Sampetrean
- Division of Gene Regulation, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issay Kitabayashi
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
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196
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Badur MG, Muthusamy T, Parker SJ, Ma S, McBrayer SK, Cordes T, Magana JH, Guan KL, Metallo CM. Oncogenic R132 IDH1 Mutations Limit NADPH for De Novo Lipogenesis through (D)2-Hydroxyglutarate Production in Fibrosarcoma Sells. Cell Rep 2019; 25:1018-1026.e4. [PMID: 30355481 PMCID: PMC6613636 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neomorphic mutations in NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1 and IDH2) contribute to tumorigenesis in several cancers. Although significant research has focused on the hypermethylation phenotypes associated with (D)2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG) accumulation, the metabolic consequences of these mutations may also provide therapeutic opportunities. Here we apply flux-based approaches to genetically engineered cell lines with an endogenous IDH1 mutation to examine the metabolic impacts of increased D2HG production and altered IDH flux as a function of IDH1 mutation or expression. D2HG synthesis in IDH1-mutant cells consumes NADPH at rates similar to de novo lipogenesis. IDH1-mutant cells exhibit increased dependence on exogenous lipid sources for in vitro growth, as removal of medium lipids slows growth more dramatically in IDH1-mutant cells compared with those expressing wild-type or enzymatically inactive alleles. NADPH regeneration may be limiting for lipogenesis and potentially redox homeostasis in IDH1-mutant cells, highlighting critical links between cellular biosynthesis and redox metabolism. Badur et al. apply metabolic flux analysis to understand how oncogenic mutations in IDH1 alter redox metabolism. Production of (D)2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG) consumes NADPH at levels similar to de novo lipogenesis, and removal of lipids compromises in vitro growth of IDH1-mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet G Badur
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thangaselvam Muthusamy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Seth J Parker
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shenghong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Samuel K McBrayer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thekla Cordes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jose H Magana
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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197
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Functional and topographic effects on DNA methylation in IDH1/2 mutant cancers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16830. [PMID: 31727977 PMCID: PMC6856069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
IDH1/2 mutations are early drivers present in diverse human cancer types arising in various tissue sites. IDH1/2 mutation is known to induce a global hypermethylator phenotype. However, the effects on DNA methylation across IDH mutant cancers and functionally different genome regions, remain unknown. We analyzed DNA methylation data from IDH1/2 mutant acute myeloid leukemia, oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma, solid papillary breast carcinoma with reverse polarity, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, which clustered by their embryonal origin. Hypermethylated common probes affect predominantly gene bodies while promoters in IDH1/2 mutant cancers remain unmethylated. Enhancers showed global hypermethylation, however commonly hypomethylated enhancers were associated with tissue differentiation and cell fate determination. We demonstrate that some chromosomes, chromosomal arms and chromosomal regions are more affected by IDH1/2 mutations while others remain resistant to IDH1/2 mutation induced methylation changes. Therefore IDH1/2 mutations have different methylation effect on different parts of the genome, which may be regulated by different mechanisms.
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198
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Venneker S, Szuhai K, Hogendoorn PCW, Bovée JVMG. Mutation-driven epigenetic alterations as a defining hallmark of central cartilaginous tumours, giant cell tumour of bone and chondroblastoma. Virchows Arch 2019; 476:135-146. [PMID: 31728625 PMCID: PMC6968983 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, specific driver mutations were identified in chondroblastoma, giant cell tumour of bone and central cartilaginous tumours (specifically enchondroma and central chondrosarcoma), sharing the ability to induce genome-wide epigenetic alterations. In chondroblastoma and giant cell tumour of bone, the neoplastic mononuclear stromal-like cells frequently harbour specific point mutations in the genes encoding for histone H3.3 (H3F3A and H3F3B). The identification of these driver mutations has led to development of novel diagnostic tools to distinguish between chondroblastoma, giant cell tumour of bone and other giant cell containing tumours. From a biological perspective, these mutations induce several global and local alterations of the histone modification marks. Similar observations are made for central cartilaginous tumours, which frequently harbour specific point mutations in the metabolic enzymes IDH1 or IDH2. Besides an altered methylation pattern on histones, IDH mutations also induce a global DNA hypermethylation phenotype. In all of these tumour types, the mutation-driven epigenetic alterations lead to a highly altered transcriptome, resulting for instance in alterations in differentiation. These genomic alterations have diagnostic impact. Further research is needed to identify the genes and signalling pathways that are affected by the epigenetic alterations, which will hopefully lead to a better understanding of the biological mechanism underlying tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Venneker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karoly Szuhai
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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199
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Verdura S, Cuyàs E, Lozano-Sánchez J, Bastidas-Velez C, Llorach-Parés L, Fernández-Arroyo S, Hernández-Aguilera A, Joven J, Nonell-Canals A, Bosch-Barrera J, Martin-Castillo B, Vellon L, Sanchez-Martinez M, Segura-Carretero A, Menendez JA. An olive oil phenolic is a new chemotype of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) inhibitors. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:27-40. [PMID: 30428017 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene confer an oncogenic gain-of-function activity that allows the conversion of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to the oncometabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). The accumulation of 2HG inhibits α-KG-dependent histone and DNA demethylases, thereby generating genome-wide hypermethylation phenotypes with cancer-initiating properties. Several chemotypes of mutant IDH1/2-targeted inhibitors have been reported, and some of them are under evaluation in clinical trials. However, the recognition of acquired resistance to such inhibitors within a few years of clinical use raises an urgent need to discover new mutant IDH1 antagonists. Here, we report that a naturally occurring phenolic compound in extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) selectively inhibits the production of 2HG by neomorphic IDH1 mutations. In silico docking, molecular dynamics, including steered simulations, predicted the ability of the oleoside decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycone (DOA) to preferentially occupy the allosteric pocket of mutant IDH1. DOA inhibited the enzymatic activity of recombinant mutant IDH1 (R132H) protein in the low micromolar range, whereas >10-fold higher concentrations were required to inhibit the activity of wild-type (WT) IDH1. DOA suppressed 2HG overproduction in engineered human cells expressing a heterozygous IDH1-R132H mutation. DOA restored the 2HG-suppressed activity of histone demethylases as it fully reversed the hypermethylation of H3K9me3 in IDH1-mutant cells. DOA epigenetically restored the expression of PD-L1, an immunosuppressive gene silenced in IDH1 mutant cells via 2HG-driven DNA hypermethylation. DOA selectively blocked colony formation of IDH1 mutant cells while sparing WT IDH1 isogenic counterparts. In sum, the EVOO-derived oleoside DOA is a new, naturally occurring chemotype of mutant IDH1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Verdura
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Edifici M2, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Salt, Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Edifici M2, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Salt, Girona, Spain
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristian Bastidas-Velez
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Edifici M2, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Salt, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Edifici M2, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Salt, Girona, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Medical Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Edifici M2, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Salt, Girona, Spain.,Unit of Clinical Research, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Luciano Vellon
- Stem Cells Laboratory, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Edifici M2, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Salt, Girona, Spain
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200
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Park JW, Turcan Ş. Epigenetic Reprogramming for Targeting IDH-Mutant Malignant Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101616. [PMID: 31652645 PMCID: PMC6826741 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the epigenome has been considered a compelling treatment modality for several cancers, including gliomas. Nearly 80% of the lower-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastomas harbor recurrent mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). Mutant IDH generates high levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) that inhibit various components of the epigenetic machinery, including histone and DNA demethylases. The encouraging results from current epigenetic therapies in hematological malignancies have reinvigorated the interest in solid tumors and gliomas, both preclinically and clinically. Here, we summarize the recent advancements in epigenetic therapy for lower-grade gliomas and discuss the challenges associated with current treatment options. A particular focus is placed on therapeutic mechanisms underlying favorable outcome with epigenetic-based drugs in basic and translational research of gliomas. This review also highlights emerging bridges to combination treatment with respect to epigenetic drugs. Given that epigenetic therapies, particularly DNA methylation inhibitors, increase tumor immunogenicity and antitumor immune responses, appropriate drug combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors may lead to improvement of treatment effectiveness of immunotherapy, ultimately leading to tumor cell eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Whi Park
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Şevin Turcan
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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