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Zimmermann-Klemd AM, Reinhardt JK, Winker M, Gründemann C. Phytotherapy in Integrative Oncology-An Update of Promising Treatment Options. Molecules 2022; 27:3209. [PMID: 35630688 PMCID: PMC9143079 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern phytotherapy is part of today's conventional evidence-based medicine and the use of phytopharmaceuticals in integrative oncology is becoming increasingly popular. Approximately 40% of users of such phytopharmaceuticals are tumour patients. The present review provides an overview of the most important plants and nature-based compounds used in integrative oncology and illustrates their pharmacological potential in preclinical and clinical settings. A selection of promising anti-tumour plants and ingredients was made on the basis of scientific evidence and therapeutic practical relevance and included Boswellia, gingko, ginseng, ginger, and curcumin. In addition to these nominees, there is a large number of other interesting plants and plant ingredients that can be considered for the treatment of cancer diseases or for the treatment of tumour or tumour therapy-associated symptoms. Side effects and interactions are included in the discussion. However, with the regular and intended use of phytopharmaceuticals, the occurrence of adverse side effects is rather rare. Overall, the use of defined phytopharmaceuticals is recommended in the context of a rational integrative oncology approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Zimmermann-Klemd
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (A.M.Z.-K.); (M.W.)
| | - Jakob K. Reinhardt
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Moritz Winker
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (A.M.Z.-K.); (M.W.)
| | - Carsten Gründemann
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (A.M.Z.-K.); (M.W.)
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152
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Intestinal Microbiota-Derived Short Chain Fatty Acids in Host Health and Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091977. [PMID: 35565943 PMCID: PMC9105144 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota has its role as an important component of human physiology. It produces metabolites that module key functions to establish a symbiotic crosstalk with their host. Among them, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by intestinal bacteria during the fermentation of partially and non-digestible polysaccharides, play key roles in regulating colon physiology and changing intestinal environment. Recent research has found that SCFAs not only influence the signal transduction pathway in the gut, but they also reach tissues and organs outside of the gut, through their circulation in the blood. Growing evidence highlights the importance of SCFAs level in influencing health maintenance and disease development. SCFAs are probably involved in the management of host health in a complicated (positive or negative) way. Here, we review the current understanding of SCFAs effects on host physiology and discuss the potential prevention and therapeutics of SCFAs in a variety of disorders. It provides a systematic theoretical basis for the study of mechanisms and precise intake level of SCFAs to promote human health.
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153
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A Promising Insight: The Potential Influence and Therapeutic Value of the Gut Microbiota in GI GVHD. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2124627. [PMID: 35571252 PMCID: PMC9098338 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2124627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a reconstruction process of hematopoietic and immune functions that can be curative in patients with hematologic malignancies, but it carries risks of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, cytomegalovirus infection, secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), bronchiolitis obliterans, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GI GVHD), a common complication of allo-HSCT, is one of the leading causes of transplant-related death because of its high treatment difficulty, which is affected by preimplantation, antibiotic use, dietary changes, and intestinal inflammation. At present, human trials and animal studies have proven that a decrease in intestinal bacterial diversity is associated with the occurrence of GI GVHD. Metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria, such as lipopolysaccharides, short-chain fatty acids, and secondary bile acids, can affect the development of GVHD through direct or indirect interactions with immune cells. The targeted damage of GVHD on intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and Paneth cells results in intestinal dysbiosis or dysbacteriosis. Based on the effect of microbiota metabolites on the gastrointestinal tract, the clinical treatment of GI GVHD can be further optimized. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of GI GVHD and the damage it causes to intestinal cells and we summarize recent studies on the relationship between intestinal microbiota and GVHD in the gastrointestinal tract, highlighting the role of intestinal microbiota metabolites in GI GVHD. We hope to elucidate strategies for immunomodulatory combined microbiota targeting in the clinical treatment of GI GVHD.
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154
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Lactiplantibacillus plantarum inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation as function of its butyrogenic capability. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112755. [PMID: 35276466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli have been shown to inhibit or suppress cancer cell growth through the release of strain-specific bioactive metabolites and their inclusion in functional foods could exert a health promoting activity on human health. Herein, we examined the antiproliferative activity of the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains S2T10D and O2T60C, which have been previously shown to exert different butyrogenic activities. Human HT-29 cells were employed as an in vitro colon cancer model and both bacterial strains were found to inhibit their growth. However, the strain S2T10D showed a greater antiproliferative activity which, interestingly, was correlated to its butyrogenic capability. Noteworthy, for the non-butyrogenic strain O2T60C, the growth inhibitory capability was rather limited. Furthermore, both the butyrate-containing supernatant of S2T10D and glucose-deprived cell culture medium supplemented with the same concentration of butyrate found in S2T10D supernatant, induced a pH-independent cancer cell growth inhibition accompanied by downregulation of cyclin D1 at mRNA level. The downregulation of cyclin D1 gene expression was accompanied by cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and decrease of cyclin B1 and D1 protein levels. This in vitro study underlines the impact of Lpb. plantarum in the growth inhibition of cancer cells, and proposes butyrate-mediated cell cycle regulation as a potential involved mechanism. Since the production of butyric acid in Lpb. plantarum has been proven strain-dependent and differentially boosted by specific prebiotic compounds, our results open future research paths to determine whether this metabolic activity could be modulated in vivo by enhancing this antiproliferative effects on cancer cells.
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155
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Dmitrieva-Posocco O, Wong AC, Lundgren P, Golos AM, Descamps HC, Dohnalová L, Cramer Z, Tian Y, Yueh B, Eskiocak O, Egervari G, Lan Y, Liu J, Fan J, Kim J, Madhu B, Schneider KM, Khoziainova S, Andreeva N, Wang Q, Li N, Furth EE, Bailis W, Kelsen JR, Hamilton KE, Kaestner KH, Berger SL, Epstein JA, Jain R, Li M, Beyaz S, Lengner CJ, Katona BW, Grivennikov SI, Thaiss CA, Levy M. β-Hydroxybutyrate suppresses colorectal cancer. Nature 2022; 605:160-165. [PMID: 35477756 PMCID: PMC9448510 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most frequent forms of cancer, and new strategies for its prevention and therapy are urgently needed1. Here we identify a metabolite signalling pathway that provides actionable insights towards this goal. We perform a dietary screen in autochthonous animal models of CRC and find that ketogenic diets exhibit a strong tumour-inhibitory effect. These properties of ketogenic diets are recapitulated by the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), which reduces the proliferation of colonic crypt cells and potently suppresses intestinal tumour growth. We find that BHB acts through the surface receptor Hcar2 and induces the transcriptional regulator Hopx, thereby altering gene expression and inhibiting cell proliferation. Cancer organoid assays and single-cell RNA sequencing of biopsies from patients with CRC provide evidence that elevated BHB levels and active HOPX are associated with reduced intestinal epithelial proliferation in humans. This study thus identifies a BHB-triggered pathway regulating intestinal tumorigenesis and indicates that oral or systemic interventions with a single metabolite may complement current prevention and treatment strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Dmitrieva-Posocco
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea C Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Lundgren
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aleksandra M Golos
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hélène C Descamps
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lenka Dohnalová
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zvi Cramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuhua Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Yueh
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Onur Eskiocak
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Gabor Egervari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yemin Lan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jinping Liu
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jiaxin Fan
- Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bhoomi Madhu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kai Markus Schneider
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Svetlana Khoziainova
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Andreeva
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qiaohong Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma E Furth
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Will Bailis
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Judith R Kelsen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rajan Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Semir Beyaz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bryson W Katona
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sergei I Grivennikov
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Maayan Levy
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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156
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Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain-axis (MGBA) is a bidirectional communication network between gut microbes and their host. Many environmental and host-related factors affect the gut microbiota. Dysbiosis is defined as compositional and functional alterations of the gut microbiota that contribute to the pathogenesis, progression and treatment responses to disease. Dysbiosis occurs when perturbations of microbiota composition and function exceed the ability of microbiota and its host to restore a symbiotic state. Dysbiosis leads to dysfunctional signaling of the MGBA, which regulates the development and the function of the host's immune, metabolic, and nervous systems. Dysbiosis-induced dysfunction of the MGBA is seen with aging and stroke, and is linked to the development of common stroke risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Changes in the gut microbiota are also seen in response to stroke, and may impair recovery after injury. This review will begin with an overview of the tools used to study the MGBA with a discussion on limitations and potential experimental confounders. Relevant MGBA components are introduced and summarized for a better understanding of age-related changes in MGBA signaling and its dysfunction after stroke. We will then focus on the relationship between the MGBA and aging, highlighting that all components of the MGBA undergo age-related alterations that can be influenced by or even driven by the gut microbiota. In the final section, the current clinical and preclinical evidence for the role of MGBA signaling in the development of stroke risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and frailty are summarized, as well as microbiota changes with stroke in experimental and clinical populations. We conclude by describing the current understanding of microbiota-based therapies for stroke including the use of pre-/pro-biotics and supplementations with bacterial metabolites. Ongoing progress in this new frontier of biomedical sciences will lead to an improved understanding of the MGBA's impact on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Honarpisheh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston (P.H., L.D.M.)
| | - Robert M Bryan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.M.B.)
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston (P.H., L.D.M.)
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157
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Barrero MJ, Cejas P, Long HW, Ramirez de Molina A. Nutritional Epigenetics in Cancer. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1748-1761. [PMID: 35421212 PMCID: PMC9526851 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the epigenome are well known to affect cancer development and progression. Epigenetics is highly influenced by the environment, including diet, which is a source of metabolic substrates that influence the synthesis of cofactors or substrates for chromatin and RNA modifying enzymes. In addition, plants are a common source of bioactives that can directly modify the activity of these enzymes. Here, we review and discuss the impact of diet on epigenetic mechanisms, including chromatin and RNA regulation, and its potential implications for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paloma Cejas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Henry W Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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158
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Gut microbiota drives macrophage-dependent self-renewal of intestinal stem cells via niche enteric serotonergic neurons. Cell Res 2022; 32:555-569. [PMID: 35379903 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00645-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) reside within specialized niches at the crypt base and harbor self-renewal and differentiation capacities. ISCs in the crypt base are sustained by their surrounding niche for precise modulation of self-renewal and differentiation. However, how intestinal cells in the crypt niche and microbiota in enteric cavity coordinately regulate ISC stemness remains unclear. Here, we show that ISCs are regulated by microbiota and niche enteric serotonergic neurons. The gut microbiota metabolite valeric acid promotes Tph2 expression in enteric serotonergic neurons via blocking the recruitment of the NuRD complex onto Tph2 promoter. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in turn activates PGE2 production in a PGE2+ macrophage subset through its receptors HTR2A/3 A; and PGE2 via binding its receptors EP1/EP4, promotes Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ISCs to promote their self-renewal. Our findings illustrate a complex crosstalk among microbiota, intestinal nerve cells, intestinal immune cells and ISCs, revealing a new layer of ISC regulation by niche cells and microbiota.
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159
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Zhong Y, Fu D, Deng Z, Tang W, Mao J, Zhu T, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang H. Lactic Acid Bacteria Mixture Isolated From Wild Pig Alleviated the Gut Inflammation of Mice Challenged by Escherichia coli. Front Immunol 2022; 13:822754. [PMID: 35154141 PMCID: PMC8825813 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild pigs usually showed high tolerance and resistance to several diseases in the wild environment, suggesting that the gut bacteria of wild pigs could be a good source for discovering potential probiotic strains. In our study, wild pig feces were sequenced and showed a higher relative abundance of the genus Lactobacillus (43.61% vs. 2.01%) than that in the domestic pig. A total of 11 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains including two L. rhamnosus, six L. mucosae, one L. fermentum, one L. delbrueckii, and one Enterococcus faecalis species were isolated. To investigate the synergistic effects of mixed probiotics strains, the mixture of 11 LAB strains from an intestinal ecology system was orally administrated in mice for 3 weeks, then the mice were challenged with Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (2 × 109 CFU) and euthanized after challenge. Mice administrated with LAB strains showed higher (p < 0.05) LAB counts in feces and ileum. Moreover, alterations of specific bacterial genera occurred, including the higher (p < 0.05) relative abundance of Butyricicoccus and Clostridium IV and the lower (p < 0.05) abundance of Enterorhabdus in mice fed with mixed LAB strains. Mice challenged with Escherichia coli showed vacuolization of the liver, lower GSH in serum, and lower villus to the crypt proportion and Claudin-3 level in the gut. In contrast, administration of mixed LAB strains attenuated inflammation of the liver and gut, especially the lowered IL-6 and IL-1β levels (p < 0.05) in the gut. Our study highlighted the importance of gut bacterial diversity and the immunomodulation effects of LAB strains mixture from wild pig in gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhong
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongyan Fu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxi Deng
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangdi Mao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
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160
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Ternes D, Tsenkova M, Pozdeev VI, Meyers M, Koncina E, Atatri S, Schmitz M, Karta J, Schmoetten M, Heinken A, Rodriguez F, Delbrouck C, Gaigneaux A, Ginolhac A, Nguyen TTD, Grandmougin L, Frachet-Bour A, Martin-Gallausiaux C, Pacheco M, Neuberger-Castillo L, Miranda P, Zuegel N, Ferrand JY, Gantenbein M, Sauter T, Slade DJ, Thiele I, Meiser J, Haan S, Wilmes P, Letellier E. The gut microbial metabolite formate exacerbates colorectal cancer progression. Nat Metab 2022; 4:458-475. [PMID: 35437333 PMCID: PMC9046088 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a key player in the immunomodulatory and protumorigenic microenvironment during colorectal cancer (CRC), as different gut-derived bacteria can induce tumour growth. However, the crosstalk between the gut microbiome and the host in relation to tumour cell metabolism remains largely unexplored. Here we show that formate, a metabolite produced by the CRC-associated bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum, promotes CRC development. We describe molecular signatures linking CRC phenotypes with Fusobacterium abundance. Cocultures of F. nucleatum with patient-derived CRC cells display protumorigenic effects, along with a metabolic shift towards increased formate secretion and cancer glutamine metabolism. We further show that microbiome-derived formate drives CRC tumour invasion by triggering AhR signalling, while increasing cancer stemness. Finally, F. nucleatum or formate treatment in mice leads to increased tumour incidence or size, and Th17 cell expansion, which can favour proinflammatory profiles. Moving beyond observational studies, we identify formate as a gut-derived oncometabolite that is relevant for CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Ternes
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Mina Tsenkova
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Vitaly Igorevich Pozdeev
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Marianne Meyers
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Eric Koncina
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sura Atatri
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Martine Schmitz
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jessica Karta
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Maryse Schmoetten
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Almut Heinken
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fabien Rodriguez
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Catherine Delbrouck
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anthoula Gaigneaux
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Aurelien Ginolhac
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Tam Thuy Dan Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Lea Grandmougin
- Systems Ecology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Audrey Frachet-Bour
- Systems Ecology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Camille Martin-Gallausiaux
- Systems Ecology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Maria Pacheco
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | | | - Paulo Miranda
- National Center of Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Nikolaus Zuegel
- Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Emile Mayrisch, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Yves Ferrand
- Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Center, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Manon Gantenbein
- Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Center, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Daniel Joseph Slade
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ines Thiele
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- APC Microbiome, Cork, Ireland
| | - Johannes Meiser
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Serge Haan
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Systems Ecology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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161
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Connolly-Schoonen J, Biamonte SF, Danowski L, Montrose DC. Modifying dietary amino acids in cancer patients. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 373:1-36. [PMID: 36283763 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Limiting nutrient utilization by cancer cells in order to disrupt their metabolism and suppress their growth represents a promising approach for anti-cancer therapy. Recently, studies demonstrating the anti-neoplastic effects of lowering amino acid (AA) availability have opened up an exciting and quickly growing field of study. Although intracellular synthesis can often provide the AAs necessary to support cancer cells, diet and the tumor microenvironment can also be important sources. In fact, studies carried out in vitro and in animal tumor models have supported the anti-cancer potential of restricting exogenous sources of AAs. However the potential benefit of reducing AA intake in cancer patients requires further investigation. Furthermore, implementation of such an approach clinically, even if proven useful, could be challenging. In the enclosed review, we (1) summarize the pre-clinical studies showing the anti-tumorigenic effects of restricting exogenously available AAs, including through reducing dietary protein, (2) consider the role of microbiota in this process, (3) report on current recommendations for protein intake in cancer patients and studies that applied these guidelines, and (4) propose considerations for studies to test the potential therapeutic benefit of reducing protein/AA consumption in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Connolly-Schoonen
- Department of Family, Population & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Steven F Biamonte
- Department of Family, Population & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Lorraine Danowski
- Department of Family, Population & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - David C Montrose
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
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162
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Yao Y, Kim G, Shafer S, Chen Z, Kubo S, Ji Y, Luo J, Yang W, Perner SP, Kanellopoulou C, Park AY, Jiang P, Li J, Baris S, Aydiner EK, Ertem D, Mulder DJ, Warner N, Griffiths AM, Topf-Olivestone C, Kori M, Werner L, Ouahed J, Field M, Liu C, Schwarz B, Bosio CM, Ganesan S, Song J, Urlaub H, Oellerich T, Malaker SA, Zheng L, Bertozzi CR, Zhang Y, Matthews H, Montgomery W, Shih HY, Jiang J, Jones M, Baras A, Shuldiner A, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Snapper SB, Muise AM, Shouval DS, Ozen A, Pan KT, Wu C, Lenardo MJ. Mucus sialylation determines intestinal host-commensal homeostasis. Cell 2022; 185:1172-1188.e28. [PMID: 35303419 PMCID: PMC9088855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal mucus forms the first line of defense against bacterial invasion while providing nutrition to support microbial symbiosis. How the host controls mucus barrier integrity and commensalism is unclear. We show that terminal sialylation of glycans on intestinal mucus by ST6GALNAC1 (ST6), the dominant sialyltransferase specifically expressed in goblet cells and induced by microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns, is essential for mucus integrity and protecting against excessive bacterial proteolytic degradation. Glycoproteomic profiling and biochemical analysis of ST6 mutations identified in patients show that decreased sialylation causes defective mucus proteins and congenital inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Mice harboring a patient ST6 mutation have compromised mucus barriers, dysbiosis, and susceptibility to intestinal inflammation. Based on our understanding of the ST6 regulatory network, we show that treatment with sialylated mucin or a Foxo3 inhibitor can ameliorate IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Yao
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Girak Kim
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samantha Shafer
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zuojia Chen
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Satoshi Kubo
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yanlong Ji
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jialie Luo
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Weiming Yang
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sebastian P Perner
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Chrysi Kanellopoulou
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ann Y Park
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ping Jiang
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Safa Baris
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Karakoc Aydiner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ertem
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Daniel J Mulder
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Neil Warner
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Anne M Griffiths
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Chani Topf-Olivestone
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Kaplan Medical Center, Pasternak St., POB 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Kori
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Kaplan Medical Center, Pasternak St., POB 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lael Werner
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel
| | - Jodie Ouahed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Field
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Catharine M Bosio
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jian Song
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium/German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stacy A Malaker
- Yale University, Department of Chemistry, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Lixin Zheng
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Helen Matthews
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Will Montgomery
- Neuro-Immune Regulome Unit, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Han-Yu Shih
- Neuro-Immune Regulome Unit, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jiansheng Jiang
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marcus Jones
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Alan Shuldiner
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA; International Laboratory for Human Genome Research, Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro 04510, Mexico
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, IMS, and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Dror S Shouval
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel
| | - Ahmet Ozen
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kuan-Ting Pan
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Michael J Lenardo
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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163
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He P, Yu L, Tian F, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. Dietary Patterns and Gut Microbiota: The Crucial Actors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1628-1651. [PMID: 35348593 PMCID: PMC9526834 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that diet and the gut microbiota are strongly related to the occurrence and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the effects of the interaction between dietary patterns and the gut microbiota on IBD have not been well elucidated. In this article, we aim to explore the complex relation between dietary patterns, gut microbiota, and IBD. We first comprehensively summarized the dietary patterns associated with IBD and found that dietary patterns can modulate the occurrence and progression of IBD through various signaling pathways, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and NF-κB. Besides, the gut microbiota performs a vital role in the progression of IBD, which can affect the expression of IBD susceptibility genes, such as dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) and APOA-1 , the intestinal barrier (in particular, the expression of tight junction proteins), immune function (especially the homeostasis between effector and regulatory T cells) and the physiological metabolism, in particular, SCFAs, bile acids (BAs), and tryptophan metabolism. Finally, we reviewed the current knowledge on the interaction between dietary patterns and the gut microbiota in IBD and found that dietary patterns modulate the onset and progression of IBD, which is partly attributed to the regulation of the gut microbiota (especially SCFAs-producing bacteria and Escherichia coli). Faecalibacteria as "microbiomarkers" of IBD could be used as a target for dietary interventions to alleviate IBD. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between dietary intake, gut microbiota, and IBD will facilitate the development of personalized dietary strategies based on the regulation of the gut microbiota in IBD and expedite the era of precision nutritional interventions for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandi He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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164
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Zheng L, Wen XL, Duan SL. Role of metabolites derived from gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2660-2677. [PMID: 35434116 PMCID: PMC8968818 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i9.2660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, it is improved gut microbiota plays an important role in the health and disease pathogenesis. Metabolites, small molecules produced as intermediate or end products of microbial metabolism, is considered as one of the major interaction way for gut microbiota with the host. Bacterial metabolisms of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules or bacteria are the major source of metabolites. Signals from microbial metabolites affect immune maturation and homeostasis, host energy metabolism as well as mucosal integrity maintenance. Based on many researches, the composition and function of the microbiota can be changed, which is also seen in the metabolite profiles of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Additionally, some specific classes of metabolites also can trigger IBD. In this paper, definition of the key classes of microbial-derived metabolites which are changed in IBD, description of the pathophysiological basis of association and identification of the precision therapeutic modulation in the future are the major contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin-Li Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Lei Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
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165
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Zheng L, Wen XL, Duan SL. Role of metabolites derived from gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2658-2675. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i9.2658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, it is improved gut microbiota plays an important role in the health and disease pathogenesis. Metabolites, small molecules produced as intermediate or end products of microbial metabolism, is considered as one of the major interaction way for gut microbiota with the host. Bacterial metabolisms of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules or bacteria are the major source of metabolites. Signals from microbial metabolites affect immune maturation and homeostasis, host energy metabolism as well as mucosal integrity maintenance. Based on many researches, the composition and function of the microbiota can be changed, which is also seen in the metabolite profiles of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Additionally, some specific classes of metabolites also can trigger IBD. In this paper, definition of the key classes of microbial-derived metabolites which are changed in IBD, description of the pathophysiological basis of association and identification of the precision therapeutic modulation in the future are the major contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin-Li Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Lei Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
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166
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Zindl CL, Witte SJ, Laufer VA, Gao M, Yue Z, Janowski KM, Cai B, Frey BF, Silberger DJ, Harbour SN, Singer JR, Turner H, Lund FE, Vallance BA, Rosenberg AF, Schoeb TR, Chen JY, Hatton RD, Weaver CT. A nonredundant role for T cell-derived interleukin 22 in antibacterial defense of colonic crypts. Immunity 2022; 55:494-511.e11. [PMID: 35263568 PMCID: PMC9126440 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 is central to immune defense at barrier sites. We examined the contributions of innate lymphoid cell (ILC) and T cell-derived IL-22 during Citrobacter rodentium (C.r) infection using mice that both report Il22 expression and allow lineage-specific deletion. ILC-derived IL-22 activated STAT3 in C.r-colonized surface intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) but only temporally restrained bacterial growth. T cell-derived IL-22 induced a more robust and extensive activation of STAT3 in IECs, including IECs lining colonic crypts, and T cell-specific deficiency of IL-22 led to pathogen invasion of the crypts and increased mortality. This reflected a requirement for T cell-derived IL-22 for the expression of a host-protective transcriptomic program that included AMPs, neutrophil-recruiting chemokines, and mucin-related molecules, and it restricted IFNγ-induced proinflammatory genes. Our findings demonstrate spatiotemporal differences in the production and action of IL-22 by ILCs and T cells during infection and reveal an indispensable role for IL-22-producing T cells in the protection of the intestinal crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlene L Zindl
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Steven J Witte
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Vincent A Laufer
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Zongliang Yue
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Karen M Janowski
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Baiyi Cai
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Blake F Frey
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Daniel J Silberger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Stacey N Harbour
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Singer
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Henrietta Turner
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Frances E Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Trenton R Schoeb
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jake Y Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Robin D Hatton
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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167
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Almeida JI, Tenreiro MF, Martinez-Santamaria L, Guerrero-Aspizua S, Gisbert JP, Alves PM, Serra M, Baptista PM. Hallmarks of the human intestinal microbiome on liver maturation and function. J Hepatol 2022; 76:694-725. [PMID: 34715263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most metabolically complex systems in the body, the liver ensures multi-organ homeostasis and ultimately sustains life. Nevertheless, during early postnatal development, the liver is highly immature and takes about 2 years to acquire and develop almost all of its functions. Different events occurring at the environmental and cellular levels are thought to mediate hepatic maturation and function postnatally. The crosstalk between the liver, the gut and its microbiome has been well appreciated in the context of liver disease, but recent evidence suggests that the latter could also be critical for hepatic function under physiological conditions. The gut-liver crosstalk is thought to be mediated by a rich repertoire of microbial metabolites that can participate in a myriad of biological processes in hepatic sinusoids, from energy metabolism to tissue regeneration. Studies on germ-free animals have revealed the gut microbiome as a critical contributor in early hepatic programming, and this influence extends throughout life, mediating liver function and body homeostasis. In this seminar, we describe the microbial molecules that have a known effect on the liver and discuss how the gut microbiome and the liver evolve throughout life. We also provide insights on current and future strategies to target the gut microbiome in the context of hepatology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana I Almeida
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Miguel F Tenreiro
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Lucía Martinez-Santamaria
- Carlos III University of Madrid. Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Guerrero-Aspizua
- Carlos III University of Madrid. Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Gastroenterology Department. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula M Alves
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Serra
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Baptista
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Carlos III University of Madrid. Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Di Narzo AF, Houten SM, Kosoy R, Huang R, Vaz FM, Hou R, Wei G, Wang WH, Comella PH, Dodatko T, Rogatsky E, Stojmirovic A, Brodmerkel C, Perrigoue J, Hart A, Curran M, Friedman JR, Zhu J, Agrawal M, Cho J, Ungaro R, Dubinsky M, Sands BE, Suárez-Fariñas M, Schadt EE, Colombel JF, Kasarskis A, Hao K, Argmann C. Integrative Analysis of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Serum Metabolome Improves Our Understanding of Genetic Etiology and Points to Novel Putative Therapeutic Targets. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:828-843.e11. [PMID: 34780722 PMCID: PMC9214725 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Polygenic and environmental factors are underlying causes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We hypothesized that integration of the genetic loci controlling a metabolite's abundance, with known IBD genetic susceptibility loci, may help resolve metabolic drivers of IBD. METHODS We measured the levels of 1300 metabolites in the serum of 484 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 464 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 365 controls. Differential metabolite abundance was determined for disease status, subtype, clinical and endoscopic disease activity, as well as IBD phenotype including disease behavior, location, and extent. To inform on the genetic basis underlying metabolic diversity, we integrated metabolite and genomic data. Genetic colocalization and Mendelian randomization analyses were performed using known IBD risk loci to explore whether any metabolite was causally associated with IBD. RESULTS We found 173 genetically controlled metabolites (metabolite quantitative trait loci, 9 novel) within 63 non-overlapping loci (7 novel). Furthermore, several metabolites significantly associated with IBD disease status and activity as defined using clinical and endoscopic indexes. This constitutes a resource for biomarker discovery and IBD biology insights. Using this resource, we show that a novel metabolite quantitative trait locus for serum butyrate levels containing ACADS was not supported as causal for IBD; replicate the association of serum omega-6 containing lipids with the fatty acid desaturase 1/2 locus and identify these metabolites as causal for CD through Mendelian randomization; and validate a novel association of serum plasmalogen and TMEM229B, which was predicted as causal for CD. CONCLUSIONS An exploratory analysis combining genetics and unbiased serum metabolome surveys can reveal novel biomarkers of disease activity and potential mediators of pathology in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F. Di Narzo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Sander M. Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Roman Kosoy
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ruiqi Huang
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frédéric M. Vaz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruixue Hou
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabrielle Wei
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Wen-hui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Phillip H. Comella
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Tetyana Dodatko
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Eduard Rogatsky
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amy Hart
- Janssen R&D, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Mark Curran
- Janssen R&D, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Manasi Agrawal
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judy Cho
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Ungaro
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marla Dubinsky
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce E Sands
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Kasarskis
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
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169
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Wang H, He X, Liang S, Chen X. Role of vitamin D in ulcerative colitis: an update on basic research and therapeutic applications. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 16:251-264. [PMID: 35236213 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2048817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Moreover, vitamin D supplementation seems to contribute to disease relief. Nevertheless, the exact etiological link between vitamin D deficiency and UC is far from clear, and an agreement has not been reached on the frequency and dosage of vitamin D supplementation required. AREAS COVERED This review will outline the possible role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of UC and summarize the current state of clinical research on vitamin D. Literature was searched on PUBMED, with 'Vitamin D,' 'Ulcerative colitis,' 'Vitamin D receptor,' and 'disease activity' as MeSH Terms. Relevant information is presented in figures or tables. EXPERT OPINION The etiological relationship between vitamin D and the onset of UC is still being researched. More high-quality double-blind randomized clinical studies are needed to determine the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of UC, whether as the main treatment or as an adjuvant treatment. Importantly, determining the dosage and frequency of vitamin D supplementation should be the main research direction in the future, and regional factors should also be fully considered in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongQian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - ShiMin Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui China
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170
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Of the various established risk factors for this aggressive condition, diet is a notable modifiable risk factor. This review aims to summarize the mounting evidence to suggest the role of diet, the microbiota and their cross-talk in modulating an individual's risk of developing CRC. RECENT FINDINGS Specifically, the metabolism of bile acids and its symbiosis with the microbiota has gained weight given its basis on a high meat, high fat, and low fibre diet that is present in populations with the highest risk of CRC. Bacteria modify bile acids that escape enterohepatic circulation to increase the diversity of the human bile acid pool. The production of microbial bile acids contributes to this as well. Epidemiological studies have shown that changing the diet results in different levels and composition of bile acids, which has in turn modified the risk of CRC at a population level. Evidence to identify underlying mechanisms have tied into the microbiota-led digestions of various foods into fatty acids that feedback into bile acid physiology as well as modulation of endogenous receptors for bile acids. SUMMARY There is adequate evidence to support the role of microbiota in in the metabolism of bile acids, and how this relates to colorectal cancer. Further work is necessary to identify specific bacteriome involved and their underlying mechanistic pathways.
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171
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to trillions of commensal microbes, collectively termed the microbiota, which are environmental stimuli that can direct health and disease within the host. In addition to well-established bacterial sensing pathways, microbial signals are also integrated through epigenetic modifications that calibrate the transcriptional program of host cells without altering the underlying genetic code. Microbiota-sensitive epigenetic changes include modifications to the DNA or histones, as well as regulation of non-coding RNAs. While microbiota-sensitive epigenetic mechanisms have been described in both local intestinal cells and as well in peripheral tissues, further research is required to fully decipher the complex relationship between the host and microbiota. This Review highlights current understandings of epigenetic regulation by gut microbiota and important implications of these findings in guiding therapeutic approaches to prevent or combat diseases driven by impaired microbiota-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne Woo
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA,CONTACT Theresa Alenghat Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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172
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Neophytou C, Pitsouli C. How Gut Microbes Nurture Intestinal Stem Cells: A Drosophila Perspective. Metabolites 2022; 12:169. [PMID: 35208243 PMCID: PMC8878600 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-microbiota interactions are key modulators of host physiology and behavior. Accumulating evidence suggests that the complex interplay between microbiota, diet and the intestine controls host health. Great emphasis has been given on how gut microbes have evolved to harvest energy from the diet to control energy balance, host metabolism and fitness. In addition, many metabolites essential for intestinal homeostasis are mainly derived from gut microbiota and can alleviate nutritional imbalances. However, due to the high complexity of the system, the molecular mechanisms that control host-microbiota mutualism, as well as whether and how microbiota affects host intestinal stem cells (ISCs) remain elusive. Drosophila encompasses a low complexity intestinal microbiome and has recently emerged as a system that might uncover evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of microbiota-derived nutrient ISC regulation. Here, we review recent studies using the Drosophila model that directly link microbiota-derived metabolites and ISC function. This research field provides exciting perspectives for putative future treatments of ISC-related diseases based on monitoring and manipulating intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chrysoula Pitsouli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 1 University Avenue, Aglantzia, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus;
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173
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Zhong Y, Cao J, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang H. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Donor and Dietary Fiber Intervention Collectively Contribute to Gut Health in a Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842669. [PMID: 35185934 PMCID: PMC8852624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming the gut microbiota has turned into the most intriguing target for interventions in multiple gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal disorders. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a therapeutic tool that administers feces collected from healthy donors into patients to help replenish the gut microbial balance. Considering the random donor selection, to maintain the optimal microbial ecosystem, post-FMT is critical for therapy outcomes but challenging. Aiming to study the interventions of different diets on recipients' gut microbiota post-FMT that originated from donors with different diets, we performed FMT from domestic vs. wild pigs that are living on low-fiber vs. high-fiber diets into the pseudo-GF mouse, followed with fiber-free (FF) or fiber-rich (FR) diets post-FMT. Different patterns of gut microbiota and metabolites were observed when mice FMT from different donors were paired with different dietary fiber contents. Enrichment of bacteria, including Akkermansia and Parabacteroides, together with alteration of metabolites, including palmitic acid, stearic acid, and nicotinic acid, was noted to improve crypt length and mucus layer in the gut in mice FMT from wild pigs fed an FR diet. The results provide novel insight into the different responses of reconstructed gut microbiota by FMT to dietary fiber. Our study highlighted the importance of post-FMT precise dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Haifeng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
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174
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Alderweireldt E, Grootaert C, De Wever O, Van Camp J. A two-front nutritional environment fuels colorectal cancer: perspectives for dietary intervention. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:105-119. [PMID: 34887164 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops and progresses in a nutritional environment comprising a continuously changing luminal cocktail of external dietary and microbial factors on the apical side, and a dynamic host-related pool of systemic factors on the serosal side. In this review, we highlight how this two-front environment influences the bioenergetic status of colonocytes throughout CRC development from (cancer) stem cells to cancer cells in nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor conditions, and eventually to metastatic cells, which, upon entry to the circulation and during metastatic seeding, are forced to metabolically adapt. Furthermore, given the influence of diet on the two-front nutritional environment, we discuss dietary strategies that target the specific metabolic preferences of these cells, with a possible impact on colon cancer cell bioenergetics and CRC outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Alderweireldt
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - John Van Camp
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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175
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Bozzetti V, Senger S. Organoid technologies for the study of intestinal microbiota–host interactions. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:290-303. [PMID: 35232671 PMCID: PMC8957533 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Postbiotics have recently emerged as critical effectors of the activity of probiotics and, because of their safety profile, they are considered potential therapeutics for the treatment of fragile patients. Here, we present recent studies on probiotics and postbiotics in the context of novel discovery tools, such as organoids and organoid-based platforms, and nontransformed preclinical models, that can be generated from intestinal stem cells. The implementation of organoid-related techniques is the next gold standard for unraveling the effect of microbial communities on homeostasis, inflammation, idiopathic diseases, and cancer in the gut. We also summarize recent studies on biotics in organoid-based models and offer our perspective on future directions.
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176
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Le N, Cregger M, Fazleabas A, Braundmeier-Fleming A. Effects of endometriosis on immunity and mucosal microbial community dynamics in female olive baboons. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1590. [PMID: 35102185 PMCID: PMC8803974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined as the growth of endometrial tissue in ectopic locations, and is associated with altered immune and microbial phenotypes. It is unclear if these changes are the result of the disease or may be causative. We induced endometriosis in non-human primates (Papio Anubis) to test our hypothesis that the growth of endometriotic lesions results in alterations in immune and microbial dynamics that may advance disease progression. Baboon samples were collected pre-inoculation (prior to disease induction), at 3, 6, 9, and 15 months after disease induction. Tolerant regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and inflammatory T-helper 17 (Th17) cells were identified in peripheral blood and within the eutopic/ectopic endometrial tissues. Microbiome communities were identified in fecal/urine samples. The induction of endometriosis decreased peripheral Tregs cells while Th17 cells increased at all post-induction collections, thus reducing the Tregs:Th17 cells ratio, indicating systemic inflammation. Microbiome diversity and abundance were altered at each sample site after disease induction. Thus, induction of endometriosis in baboons caused an immune shift toward an inflammatory profile and altered mucosal microbial profiles, which may drive inflammation through production of inflammatory mediators. Immune and microbial profiling may lead to innovative diagnostic tools and novel therapies for endometriosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Le
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA
| | | | | | - Andrea Braundmeier-Fleming
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA.
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Dong Y, Cao J, Chen Y. Blue Light Alters the Composition of the Jejunal Microbiota and Promotes the Development of the Small Intestine by Reducing Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:274. [PMID: 35204158 PMCID: PMC8868333 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental light has an important impact on the growth, development and oxidative stress of chicks. Thus, we investigated the effects of colored lights on microbes and explored the molecular mechanism by which external color light information alters the gut microbiota and induces the cell response in vivo. We raised 96 chicks under 400-700 nm white (WL), 660 nm red (RL), 560 nm green (GL) or 480 nm blue light (BL) for 42 days. We used 16S rRNA high-throughput pyrosequencing and gas chromatography to explore the effect of different monochromatic lights on the jejunal microbiota. We used qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and Elisa to determine the effect of different monochromatic lights on small intestine development and oxidative stress levels. With consistency in the upregulation of antioxidant enzyme ability and anti-inflammatory cytokine level, the 16S rRNA and gas chromatography results showed that BL significantly increased the diversity and richness of the jejunal microbiota and improved the relative abundances of Faecalibacterium, Ruminiclostridium_9 and metabolite butyrate content compared with WL, RL and GL (p < 0.05). In addition, we observed that BL increased the goblet cell numbers, PCNA cell numbers, villus-length-to-crypt-depth (V/C) ratios, ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 protein expression; decreased permeability; and enhanced the digestion and absorption capacity in the jejunum (p < 0.05). In the in vitro experiment, we found that butyrate promoted chick small intestinal epithelial cell (CIEC) proliferation and inhibited apoptosis (p < 0.05). These responses were abrogated by the Gi inhibitor, PI3K inhibitor or AKT inhibitor, but were mimicked by GPR43 agonists or the GSK-3β inhibitor (p < 0.05). Overall, these findings suggested that BL increased the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, Ruminiclostridium_9 and butyrate production. Butyrate may act as one of the signals to mediate blue-light-induced small intestinal development and mucosal barrier integrity enhancement and promote cell proliferation via the GPR43/Gi/PI3K/AKT/p-GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.D.); (J.C.)
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178
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Isidori M, Corbee RJ, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Nonpharmacological Treatment Strategies for the Management of Canine Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy—A Narrative Review. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020037. [PMID: 35202290 PMCID: PMC8878421 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) refers to a heterogeneous group of idiopathic diseases of the dog characterised by persistent gastrointestinal (GI) clinical signs. If conventional dietary treatment alone would be unsuccessful, management of CIE is traditionally attained by the use of pharmaceuticals, such as antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs. While being rather effective, however, these drugs are endowed with side effects, which may impact negatively on the animal’s quality of life. Therefore, novel, safe and effective therapies for CIE are highly sought after. As gut microbiota imbalances are often associated with GI disorders, a compelling rationale exists for the use of nonpharmacological methods of microbial manipulation in CIE, such as faecal microbiota transplantation and administration of pre-, pro-, syn- and postbiotics. In addition to providing direct health benefits to the host via a gentle modulation of the intestinal microbiota composition and function, these treatments may also possess immunomodulatory and epithelial barrier-enhancing actions. Likewise, intestinal barrier integrity, along with mucosal inflammation, are deemed to be two chief therapeutic targets of mesenchymal stem cells and selected vegetable-derived bioactive compounds. Although pioneering studies have revealed encouraging findings regarding the use of novel treatment agents in CIE, a larger body of research is needed to address fully their mode of action, efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Isidori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ronald Jan Corbee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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179
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Mankowski RT, Laitano O, Darden D, Kelly L, Munley J, Loftus TJ, Mohr AM, Efron PA, Thomas RM. Sepsis-Induced Myopathy and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis: Mechanistic Links and Therapeutic Targets. Shock 2022; 57:15-23. [PMID: 34726875 PMCID: PMC9373856 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis is currently defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The skeletal muscle system is among the host organ systems compromised by sepsis. The resulting neuromuscular dysfunction and impaired regenerative capacity defines sepsis-induced myopathy and manifests as atrophy, loss of strength, and hindered regeneration after injury. These outcomes delay recovery from critical illness and confer increased vulnerability to morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced myopathy, including the potential contribution of peripheral organs, remain largely unexplored. The gut microbiome is an immunological and homeostatic entity that interacts with and controls end-organ function, including the skeletal muscle system. Sepsis induces alterations in the gut microbiota composition, which is globally termed a state of "dysbiosis" for the host compared to baseline microbiota composition. In this review, we critically evaluate existing evidence and potential mechanisms linking sepsis-induced myopathy with gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Mankowski
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Orlando Laitano
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Dijoia Darden
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lauren Kelly
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jennifer Munley
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Tyler J. Loftus
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Alicia M. Mohr
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Philip A. Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ryan M. Thomas
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; University of Florida College of Medicine; Gainesville, FL
- Section of General Surgery, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System; Gainesville, FL
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180
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Rath E, Haller D. Intestinal epithelial cell metabolism at the interface of microbial dysbiosis and tissue injury. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:595-604. [PMID: 35534699 PMCID: PMC9259489 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium represents the most regenerative tissue in the human body, located in proximity to the dense and functionally diverse microbial milieu of the microbiome. Episodes of tissue injury and incomplete healing of the intestinal epithelium are a prerequisite for immune reactivation and account for recurrent, chronically progressing phenotypes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Mitochondrial dysfunction and associated changes in intestinal epithelial functions are emerging concepts in the pathogenesis of IBD, suggesting impaired metabolic flexibility of epithelial cells affects the regenerative capacity of the intestinal tissue. Next to rendering the intestinal mucosa susceptible to inflammatory triggers, metabolic reprogramming of the epithelium is implicated in shaping adverse microbial environments. In this review, we introduce the concept of "metabolic injury" as a cell autonomous mechanism of tissue wounding in response to mitochondrial perturbation. Furthermore, we highlight epithelial metabolism as intersection of microbiome, immune cells and epithelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rath
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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181
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ERβ and Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:213-225. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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182
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Shao X, Sun S, Zhou Y, Wang H, Yu Y, Hu T, Yao Y, Zhou C. Bacteroides fragilis restricts colitis-associated cancer via negative regulation of the NLRP3 axis. Cancer Lett 2021; 523:170-181. [PMID: 34627951 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with persistent ulcerative colitis (UC) are at a higher risk of developing colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Previous studies have reported that intestinal microbiota disturbance plays an important role in the process of CAC development in patients with UC, indicating that targeted intervention of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites may be a potential therapeutic strategy. Gut microbiota in the process of colorectal cancer development in UC patients was analyzed using the gutMEGA database and verified in fecal samples. The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis reduced significantly in the process of colitis associated cancer development. Broad-spectrum antibiotics (BSAB) intervene with the intestinal microbiota of mice and accelerate the process of colon cancer development. However, gavage transplantation with B. fragilis can effectively reverse the effects of BSAB. In the intestinal tract, B. fragilis promotes the secretion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Subsequently, SCFAs, especially butyrate, negatively regulate the inflammatory signaling pathway mediated by NLRP3 to inhibit the activation of macrophages and the secretion of proinflammatory mediators such as IL-18 and IL-1β, reducing the level of intestinal inflammation and restricting CAC development. In conclusion, colonization with B. fragilis has been shown to be effective in ameliorating intestinal epithelial damage caused by chronic inflammation and preventing the development of colonic tumors. Thus, it can be a therapeutic intervention strategy with good clinical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shishuo Sun
- Cancer Institute, The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yizhou Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chunli Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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183
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Chen B, Scurrah CR, McKinley ET, Simmons AJ, Ramirez-Solano MA, Zhu X, Markham NO, Heiser CN, Vega PN, Rolong A, Kim H, Sheng Q, Drewes JL, Zhou Y, Southard-Smith AN, Xu Y, Ro J, Jones AL, Revetta F, Berry LD, Niitsu H, Islam M, Pelka K, Hofree M, Chen JH, Sarkizova S, Ng K, Giannakis M, Boland GM, Aguirre AJ, Anderson AC, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Regev A, Hacohen N, Kawasaki K, Sato T, Goettel JA, Grady WM, Zheng W, Washington MK, Cai Q, Sears CL, Goldenring JR, Franklin JL, Su T, Huh WJ, Vandekar S, Roland JT, Liu Q, Coffey RJ, Shrubsole MJ, Lau KS. Differential pre-malignant programs and microenvironment chart distinct paths to malignancy in human colorectal polyps. Cell 2021; 184:6262-6280.e26. [PMID: 34910928 PMCID: PMC8941949 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) arise from precursor polyps whose cellular origins, molecular heterogeneity, and immunogenic potential may reveal diagnostic and therapeutic insights when analyzed at high resolution. We present a single-cell transcriptomic and imaging atlas of the two most common human colorectal polyps, conventional adenomas and serrated polyps, and their resulting CRC counterparts. Integrative analysis of 128 datasets from 62 participants reveals adenomas arise from WNT-driven expansion of stem cells, while serrated polyps derive from differentiated cells through gastric metaplasia. Metaplasia-associated damage is coupled to a cytotoxic immune microenvironment preceding hypermutation, driven partly by antigen-presentation differences associated with tumor cell-differentiation status. Microsatellite unstable CRCs contain distinct non-metaplastic regions where tumor cells acquire stem cell properties and cytotoxic immune cells are depleted. Our multi-omic atlas provides insights into malignant progression of colorectal polyps and their microenvironment, serving as a framework for precision surveillance and prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Chen
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cherie' R Scurrah
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alan J Simmons
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marisol A Ramirez-Solano
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiangzhu Zhu
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nicholas O Markham
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cody N Heiser
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paige N Vega
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrea Rolong
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hyeyon Kim
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julia L Drewes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Austin N Southard-Smith
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James Ro
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Angela L Jones
- Vanderbilt Technologies for Advanced Genomics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Frank Revetta
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lynne D Berry
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hiroaki Niitsu
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mirazul Islam
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Karin Pelka
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matan Hofree
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan H Chen
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siranush Sarkizova
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Genevieve M Boland
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Aguirre
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana C Anderson
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenta Kawasaki
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeremy A Goettel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William M Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and Gastroenterology Division, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James R Goldenring
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Won Jae Huh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Simon Vandekar
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph T Roland
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Ken S Lau
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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184
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Le N, Cregger M, Brown V, Loret de Mola J, Bremer P, Nguyen L, Groesch K, Wilson T, Diaz-Sylvester P, Braundmeier-Fleming A. Association of microbial dynamics with urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites in patients with endometriosis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261362. [PMID: 34914785 PMCID: PMC8675749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen dependent gynecological disease associated with altered microbial phenotypes. The association among endogenous estrogen, estrogen metabolites, and microbial dynamics on disease pathogenesis has not been fully investigated. Here, we identified estrogen metabolites as well as microbial phenotypes in non-diseased patients (n = 9) and those with pathologically confirmed endometriosis (P-EOSIS, n = 20), on day of surgery (DOS) and ~1–3 weeks post-surgical intervention (PSI). Then, we examined the effects of surgical intervention with or without hormonal therapy (OCPs) on estrogen and microbial profiles of both study groups. For estrogen metabolism analysis, liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify urinary estrogens. The microbiome data assessment was performed with Next generation sequencing to V4 region of 16S rRNA. Surgical intervention and hormonal therapy altered gastrointestinal (GI), urogenital (UG) microbiomes, urinary estrogen and estrogen metabolite levels in P-EOSIS. At DOS, 17β-estradiol was enhanced in P-EOSIS treated with OCPs. At PSI, 16-keto-17β-estradiol was increased in P-EOSIS not receiving OCPs while 2-hydroxyestradiol and 2-hydroxyestrone were decreased in P-EOSIS receiving OCPs. GI bacterial α-diversity was greater for controls and P-EOSIS that did not receive OCPs. P-EOSIS not utilizing OCPs exhibited a decrease in UG bacterial α-diversity and differences in dominant taxa, while P-EOSIS utilizing OCPs had an increase in UG bacterial α-diversity. P-EOSIS had a strong positive correlation between the GI/UG bacteria species and the concentrations of urinary estrogen and its metabolites. These results indicate an association between microbial dysbiosis and altered urinary estrogens in P-EOSIS, which may impact disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Le
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Melissa Cregger
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Veronica Brown
- Division of Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Julio Loret de Mola
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Pamela Bremer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lyn Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Groesch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Teresa Wilson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Paula Diaz-Sylvester
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Andrea Braundmeier-Fleming
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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185
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Chen Y, Xiao N, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhong C, Cheng Y, Du B, Li P. Semen Sojae Praeparatum alters depression-like behaviors in chronic unpredictable mild stress rats via intestinal microbiota. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110808. [PMID: 34863499 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A large number of Chinese medical books present that Semen Sojae Praeparatum, a fermented food, possesses antidepressant effect, but the mechanism of this antidepressant effect remains largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect of Semen Sojae Praeparatum on rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression. The results showed that Semen Sojae Praeparatum improved depression-like behaviors (negative preference of sugar water and increased swimming immobility time and time spent in the dark zone) and effectively reduced cell morphological changes in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in CUMS rats. In addition, Semen Sojae Praeparatum significantly promoted the contents of norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the hippocampus and the content of BDNF in the serum (p < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing analysis results showed that Semen Sojae Praeparatum increased the abundance of genus Ruminococcaceae_UCG-008 and decreased those of genera Lactobacillus and Bacteroides. Genus Ruminococcaceae_UCG-008 was positively correlated with GABA and BDNF levels in the hippocampus; genus Lactobacillus had a positive correlation with 5-HT; and genus Bacteroides had negative correlations with 5-HT, BDNF, and NE. In addition, Semen Sojae Praeparatum considerably decreased the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These results indicated that Semen Sojae Praeparatum fermented by Rhizopus chinensis 12 and Bacillus sp. DU-106 alleviated the neurotransmitter levels and structural changes in the neuronal morphology of the hippocampus associated with the modulation of gut microbiota and SCFAs. Therefore, this study confirmed that Semen Sojae Praeparatum could alter depression and provide a theoretical basis for the investigation of the relationship between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinye Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunfei Zhong
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuying Cheng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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186
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Mirzaei R, Dehkhodaie E, Bouzari B, Rahimi M, Gholestani A, Hosseini-Fard SR, Keyvani H, Teimoori A, Karampoor S. Dual role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on host and pathogen. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112352. [PMID: 34840032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of documents shows microbiota produce metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as crucial executors of diet-based microbial influence the host and bacterial pathogens. The production of SCFAs depends on the metabolic activity of intestinal microflora and is also affected by dietary changes. SCFAs play important roles in maintaining colonic health as an energy source, as a regulator of gene expression and cell differentiation, and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Additionally, the regulated expression of virulence genes is critical for successful infection by an intestinal pathogen. Bacteria rely on sensing environmental signals to find preferable niches and reach the infectious state. This review will present data supporting the diverse functional roles of microbiota-derived butyrate, propionate, and acetate on host cellular activities such as immune modulation, energy metabolism, nervous system, inflammation, cellular differentiation, and anti-tumor effects, among others. On the other hand, we will discuss and summarize data about the role of these SCFAs on the virulence factor of bacterial pathogens. In this regard, receptors and signaling routes for SCFAs metabolites in host and pathogens will be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elahe Dehkhodaie
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bouzari
- Department of Pathology, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Gholestani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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187
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Lee JG, Lee J, Lee AR, Jo SV, Park CH, Han DS, Eun CS. Impact of short-chain fatty acid supplementation on gut inflammation and microbiota composition in a murine colitis model. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 101:108926. [PMID: 34848335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a pivotal role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the effects of SCFA supplementation on gut inflammation and microbiota composition in a murine colitis model. Mice were fed with sodium butyrate or a mixture of SCFAs in the drinking water for 2 weeks, followed by 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 d. After euthanasia, mouse colons were extracted to examine histological findings. Flow cytometry of the mouse colon tissues was performed to assess T cell differentiation. Changes in gut microbiota were assessed by high-throughput sequencing of the mouse feces. There were no significant differences in weight change, colonic length, or histologic inflammation score between the DSS, butyrate, and SCFA mix groups. However, flow cytometry revealed that both the expression of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and of IL-17-producing T cells were increased in the butyrate and SCFA mix groups. Microbial compositions of the butyrate and SCFA mix groups were significantly different from those of the control and DSS groups in principal coordinate analysis. Relative abundances of the phyla Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria, species Akkermansia muciniphila and Escherichia fergusonii were increased in the butyrate and SCFA mix groups. Genera Roseburia and Lactobacillus showed a negative correlation with the degree of colitis, whereas genera Escherichia and Mucispirillum showed a positive correlation. SCFA supplementation did not result in a significant reduction in colon inflammation, but it promoted both regulatory T cell and IL-17-producing T cell expression, and increased both protective and aggressive gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - A-Reum Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Su Vin Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Chan Hyuk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Chang Soo Eun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea.
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188
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The Role of Diet and Lifestyle in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235933. [PMID: 34885046 PMCID: PMC8657307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This systematic review sifted through the exogenous dietary and lifestyle risk factors associated with early-onset colorectal cancer, going through the putative involvement of these exogenous risk factors in epigenetic and microbiota modifications. Given the burden of early-onset colorectal cancer and its globally increasing trend with scant literature on its pathogenesis, we believe it would be of benefit to highlight the importance of further systematic and large studies. Indeed, dietary and lifestyle modification could complement colorectal screening for early-onset colorectal cancer prevention. Abstract The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer, defined as colorectal cancer occurring in young adults under the age of 50, is increasing globally. Knowledge of the etiological factors in young adults is far from complete. Questionable eoCRCs’ exogenous factors are represented by processed meat, sugary drinks, alcohol, Western dietary pattern, overweight and obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking, though with heterogeneous results. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to summarize the current evidence on the role of diet and lifestyle as eoCRC risk factors. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE up to July 2021, for original studies evaluating diet, alcohol, physical activity, BMI, and smoking in eoCRC and included twenty-six studies. Indeed, the exogenous factors could represent modifiable key factors, whose recognition could establish areas of future interventions through public health strategies for eoCRC primary prevention. Additionally, we discussed the role of additional non-modifiable risk factors, and of epigenetic regulation and microbiota as mediators of the eoCRC triggered by diet and lifestyle.
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189
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Kong D, Schipper L, van Dijk G. Distinct Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Host Energy Balance and Fuel Homeostasis With Focus on Route of Administration and Host Species. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:755845. [PMID: 34744617 PMCID: PMC8569404 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.755845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates gut-microbiota-derived metabolites as important regulators of host energy balance and fuel homeostasis, the underlying mechanisms are currently subject to intense research. In this review, the most important executors, short chain fatty acids, which both directly and indirectly fulfill the interactions between gut microbiota and host will be discussed. Distinct roles of individual short chain fatty acids and the different effects they exert on host metabolism have long been overlooked, which compromises the process of clarifying the sophisticated crosstalk between gut microbiota and its host. Moreover, recent findings suggest that exogenously administered short chain fatty acids affect host metabolism via different mechanisms depending on the routes they enter the host. Although these exogenous routes are often artificial, they may help to comprehend the roles of the short-chain-fatty-acid mechanisms and signaling sites, that would normally occur after intestinal absorption of short chain fatty acids. Cautions should be addressed of generalizing findings, since different results have appeared in different host species, which may imply a host species-specific response to short chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehuang Kong
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Gertjan van Dijk
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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190
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Wang Y, Li J, Ma C, Jiang S, Li C, Zhang L, Zhang J. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HNU082 inhibited the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum and alleviated the inflammatory response introduced by F. nucleatum invasion. Food Funct 2021; 12:10728-10740. [PMID: 34608480 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01388b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As a potential biomarker, there is increasing evidence showing that Fusobacterium nucleatum is positively correlated with the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. Although antibiotics were expected to eliminate F. nucleatum, the side effects associated with gut microbiotal disorders have to be considered. Here, by performing shotgun metagenomic and transcriptome sequencing, we systematically evaluated the antagonistic effects of probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HNU082 (Lp082) on F. nucleatum in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that the F. nucleatum invasion significantly altered the host intestinal microbiome including the microbial composition, specific species, metabolic pathways and metabolites, as well as impacted the transcriptome of the intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, the F. nucleatum invasion triggered inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory responses in the intestine but did not develop into colorectal cancer. Excitingly, the Lp082 intervention inhibited the growth of F. nucleatum both in vivo and in vitro and alleviated the inflammatory response introduced by F. nucleatum invasion. Further network-based mechanism exploration demonstrated that Lp082, which negatively correlated to F. nucleatum, maintained the intestinal microbiome homeostasis and prompted the production of beneficial metabolites in the intestine which decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines in a mouse model. The present research suggested a feasible probiotic intervention strategy for F. nucleatum antagonism in vivo, which may prevent colorectal cancer at the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China.
| | - Jiahe Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China.
| | - Chenchen Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China.
| | - Shuaiming Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China.
| | - Congfa Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China.
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China.
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191
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Xie J, Li LF, Dai TY, Qi X, Wang Y, Zheng TZ, Gao XY, Zhang YJ, Ai Y, Ma L, Chang SL, Luo FX, Tian Y, Sheng J. Short-Chain Fatty Acids Produced by Ruminococcaceae Mediate α-Linolenic Acid Promote Intestinal Stem Cells Proliferation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100408. [PMID: 34708542 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are the basis of intestinal renewal and regeneration, and gut microbiota plays an important role in it. Dietary nutrition has the effect of regulating the activity of ISCs; however, the regulation effect of α-linolenic acid (ALA) has seldom been reported. METHODS AND RESULTS After intervening mice with different doses of ALA for 30 days, it is found that ALA (0.5 g kg-1 ) promotes small intestinal and villus growth by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to stimulate the proliferation of ISCs. Furthermore, ALA administration increases the abundance of the Ruminococcaceae and Prevotellaceae, and promotes the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Subsequent fecal transplantation and antibiotic experiments demonstrate that ALA on the proliferation of ISCs are gut microbiota dependent, among them, the functional microorganism may be derived from Ruminococcaceae. Administration of isobutyrate shows a similar effect to ALA in terms of promoting ISCs proliferation. Furthermore, ALA mitigates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucosal damage by promoting ISCs proliferation. CONCLUSION These results indicate that SCFAs produced by Ruminococcaceae mediate ALA promote ISCs proliferation by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and suggest the possibility of ALA as a prebiotic agent for the prevention and treatment of intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Fei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yi Dai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Xin Qi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Tiao-Zhen Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Juan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Song-Lin Chang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Xian Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
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192
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Woo V, Eshleman EM, Hashimoto-Hill S, Whitt J, Wu SE, Engleman L, Rice T, Karns R, Qualls JE, Haslam DB, Vallance BA, Alenghat T. Commensal segmented filamentous bacteria-derived retinoic acid primes host defense to intestinal infection. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1744-1756.e5. [PMID: 34678170 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the microbiota and mammalian host are essential for defense against infection, but the microbial-derived cues that mediate this relationship remain unclear. Here, we find that intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-associated commensal bacteria, segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), promote early protection against the pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, independent of CD4+ T cells. SFB induced histone modifications in IECs at sites enriched for retinoic acid receptor motifs, suggesting that SFB may enhance defense through retinoic acid (RA). Consistent with this, inhibiting RA signaling suppressed SFB-induced protection. Intestinal RA levels were elevated in SFB mice, despite the inhibition of mammalian RA production, indicating that SFB directly modulate RA. Interestingly, RA was produced by intestinal bacteria, and the loss of bacterial-intrinsic aldehyde dehydrogenase activity decreased the RA levels and increased infection. These data reveal RA as an unexpected microbiota-derived metabolite that primes innate defense and suggests that pre- and probiotic approaches to elevate RA could prevent or combat infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne Woo
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Emily M Eshleman
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Seika Hashimoto-Hill
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jordan Whitt
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Shu-En Wu
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Laura Engleman
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Taylor Rice
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joseph E Qualls
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - David B Haslam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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193
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Eshleman EM, Alenghat T. Epithelial sensing of microbiota-derived signals. Genes Immun 2021; 22:237-246. [PMID: 33824498 PMCID: PMC8492766 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract harbors trillions of microbial species, collectively termed the microbiota, which establish a symbiotic relationship with the host. Decades of research have emphasized the necessity of microbial signals in the development, maturation, and function of host physiology. However, changes in the composition or containment of the microbiota have been linked to the development of several chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are in constant contact with the microbiota and are critical for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Signals from the microbiota are directly sensed by IECs and influence intestinal health by calibrating immune cell responses and fortifying intestinal barrier function. IECs detect commensal microbes through engagement of common pattern recognition receptors or by sensing the production of microbial-derived metabolites. Deficiencies in these microbial-detecting pathways in IECs leads to impaired epithelial barrier function and altered intestinal homeostasis. This Review aims to highlight the pathways by which IECs sense microbiota-derived signals and the necessity of these detection pathways in maintaining epithelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Eshleman
- Division of Immunobiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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194
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Liu CY, Cham CM, Chang EB. Epithelial wound healing in inflammatory bowel diseases: the next therapeutic frontier. Transl Res 2021; 236:35-51. [PMID: 34126257 PMCID: PMC8380699 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with one of the many chronic inflammatory disorders broadly classified as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) now have a diverse set of immunomodulatory therapies at their disposal. Despite these recent medical advances, complete sustained remission of disease remains elusive for most patients. The full healing of the damaged intestinal mucosa is the primary goal of all therapies. Achieving this requires not just a reduction of the aberrant immunological response, but also wound healing of the epithelium. No currently approved therapy directly targets the epithelium. Epithelial repair is compromised in IBD and normally facilitates re-establishment of the homeostatic barrier between the host and the microbiome. In this review, we summarize the evidence that epithelial wound healing represents an important yet underdeveloped therapeutic modality for IBD. We highlight 3 general approaches that are promising for developing a new class of epithelium-targeted therapies: epithelial stem cells, cytokines, and microbiome engineering. We also provide a frank discussion of some of the challenges that must be overcome for epithelial repair to be therapeutically leveraged. A concerted approach by the field to develop new therapies targeting epithelial wound healing will offer patients a game-changing, complementary class of medications and could dramatically improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cambrian Y Liu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Candace M Cham
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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195
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Hill DR, Chow JM, Buck RH. Multifunctional Benefits of Prevalent HMOs: Implications for Infant Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:3364. [PMID: 34684364 PMCID: PMC8539508 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding is the best source of nutrition during infancy and is associated with a broad range of health benefits. However, there remains a significant and persistent need for innovations in infant formula that will allow infants to access a wider spectrum of benefits available to breastfed infants. The addition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) to infant formulas represents the most significant innovation in infant nutrition in recent years. Although not a direct source of calories in milk, HMOs serve as potent prebiotics, versatile anti-infective agents, and key support for neurocognitive development. Continuing improvements in food science will facilitate production of a wide range of HMO structures in the years to come. In this review, we evaluate the relationship between HMO structure and functional benefits. We propose that infant formula fortification strategies should aim to recapitulate a broad range of benefits to support digestive health, immunity, and cognitive development associated with HMOs in breastmilk. We conclude that acetylated, fucosylated, and sialylated HMOs likely confer important health benefits through multiple complementary mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rachael H. Buck
- Abbott Nutrition, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH 43219, USA; (D.R.H.); (J.M.C.)
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196
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The Combined Beneficial Effects of Postbiotic Butyrate on Active Vitamin D3-Orchestrated Innate Immunity to Salmonella Colitis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101296. [PMID: 34680413 PMCID: PMC8533643 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. Remains a major public health problem globally. Biomedicine is the cornerstone of modern health care and could be a solution for antibiotic-resistant Salmonellosis. Although postbiotics seem to be an effective treatment in various clinical conditions, their clinical effects on Salmonella colitis have not been reported. Our previous report revealed that active vitamin D attenuates the severity of Salmonella colitis and invasiveness by reducing inflammation and enhancing the production of antimicrobial peptides. Therefore, we investigated the synergistic effects of butyrate, the most studied postbiotic, and active vitamin D on the severity of Salmonella colitis, invasiveness of Salmonella, and host immune responses, as well as its novel mechanisms, using in vitro and in vivo studies. We demonstrated that a combination of butyrate and active vitamin D (1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) synergically reduced the severity of Salmonella colitis in C57BL/6 mice and reduced cecal inflammatory mIL-6, mIL-8, mTNF-α, and mIL-1β mRNA expression, but enhanced the antimicrobial peptide mhBD-3 mRNA, compared to a single treatment. Additionally, upregulated vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a critical role in the synergistic effects. This suggests combined benefits of butyrate and active vitamin D on Salmonella colitis through VDR-mediated antibacterial and anti-inflammatory responses. The combined use of both supplements could be a potential biomedicine for infectious and autoimmune colitis.
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197
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Inflammation- and Gut-Homing Macrophages, Engineered to De Novo Overexpress Active Vitamin D, Promoted the Regenerative Function of Intestinal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179516. [PMID: 34502422 PMCID: PMC8430522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gut. Available drugs aim to suppress gut inflammation. These drugs have significantly delayed disease progression and improved patients’ quality of life. However, the disease continues to progress, underscoring the need to develop novel therapies. Aside from chronic gut inflammation, IBD patients also experience a leaky gut problem due to damage to the intestinal epithelial layer. In this regard, epithelial regeneration and repair are mediated by intestinal stem cells. However, no therapies are available to directly enhance the intestinal stem cells’ regenerative and repair function. Recently, it was shown that active vitamin D, i.e., 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or 1,25(OH)2D, was necessary to maintain Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells, actively cycling under physiological conditions. In this study, we used two strategies to investigate the role of 1,25(OH)2D in intestinal stem cells’ regenerative function. First, to avoid the side effects of systemic high 1,25(OH)2D conditions, we used our recently developed novel strategy to deliver locally high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations specifically to inflamed intestines. Second, because of the Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells’ active cycling status, we used a pulse-and-chase strategy via 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling to trace the Lgr5+ stem cells through the whole epithelial regeneration process. Our data showed that locally high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations enhanced intestinal stem cell migration. Additionally, the migrated cells differentiated into mature epithelial cells. Our data, therefore, suggest that local delivery of high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations is a promising strategy to augment intestinal epithelial repair in IBD patients.
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198
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Yin B, Liu H, Tan B, Dong X, Chi S, Yang Q, Zhang S. Dietary supplementation of β-conglycinin, with or without sodium butyrate on the growth, immune response and intestinal health of hybrid grouper. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17298. [PMID: 34453080 PMCID: PMC8397726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of low and high doses of β-conglycinin and the ameliorative effects of sodium butyrate (based on high-dose β-conglycinin) on the growth performance, serum immunity, distal intestinal histopathology, and gene, protein expression related to intestinal health in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂). The results revealed that the instantaneous growth rate (IGR) of grouper significantly increased, decreased, and increased in the low-dose β-conglycinin (bL), high-level β-conglycinin (bH) and high-level β-conglycinin plus sodium butyrate (bH-NaB), respectively. The feed coefficient ratio (FCR) was significantly increased in the bH and bH-NaB, serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TNF-α were upregulated in the bH. The intestinal diameter/fold height ratio was significantly increased in the bH. Furthermore, there were increases in nitric oxide (NO), total nitric oxide synthase (total NOS), and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-) in the bH, and decreases in total NOS and ONOO- in the bH-NaB. In the distal intestine, IL-1β and TGF-β1 mRNA levels were downregulated and upregulated, respective in the bL. The mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were upregulated in the bH, and downregulated in the bH-NaB, respectively. Occludin, claudin3 and ZO-3 mRNA levels were upregulated in the bL, downregulated in the bH and then upregulated in the bH-NaB. No significant differences were observed in the mRNA levels of IFN-γ and jam4. And the p-PI3K p85Tyr458/total PI3K p85 value was significantly increased in the bH and then decreased in the bH-NaB, and the total Akt value was significantly increased in the bH. These indicate β-conglycinin has a regulatory effect on serum immunity and affect distal intestinal development by modulating distal intestinal injury-related parameters. Within the distal intestinal tract, low- and high-dose β-conglycinin differentially affect immune responses and tight junctions in the distal intestine, which eventually manifests as a reduction in growth performance. Supplementing feed with sodium butyrate might represent an effective approach for enhancing serum immunity, and protects the intestines from damage caused by high-dose β-conglycinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China.
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
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Konjar Š, Pavšič M, Veldhoen M. Regulation of Oxygen Homeostasis at the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Site. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179170. [PMID: 34502078 PMCID: PMC8431628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique biology of the intestinal epithelial barrier is linked to a low baseline oxygen pressure (pO2), characterised by a high rate of metabolites circulating through the intestinal blood and the presence of a steep oxygen gradient across the epithelial surface. These characteristics require tight regulation of oxygen homeostasis, achieved in part by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent signalling. Furthermore, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) possess metabolic identities that are reflected in changes in mitochondrial function. In recent years, it has become widely accepted that oxygen metabolism is key to homeostasis at the mucosae. In addition, the gut has a vast and diverse microbial population, the microbiota. Microbiome–gut communication represents a dynamic exchange of mediators produced by bacterial and intestinal metabolism. The microbiome contributes to the maintenance of the hypoxic environment, which is critical for nutrient absorption, intestinal barrier function, and innate and/or adaptive immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract. In this review, we focus on oxygen homeostasis at the epithelial barrier site, how it is regulated by hypoxia and the microbiome, and how oxygen homeostasis at the epithelium is regulated in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Konjar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Miha Pavšič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Marc Veldhoen
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
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Chen Y, Chen YX. Microbiota-Associated Metabolites and Related Immunoregulation in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4054. [PMID: 34439208 PMCID: PMC8394439 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research has found close links between the human gut microbiota and colorectal cancer (CRC), associated with the direct actions of specific bacteria and the activities of microbiota-derived metabolites, which are implicated in complex immune responses, thus influencing carcinogenesis. Diet has a significant impact on the structure of the microbiota and also undergoes microbial metabolism. Some metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and indole derivatives, act as protectors against cancer by regulating immune responses, while others may promote cancer. However, the specific influence of these metabolites on the host is conditional. We reviewed the recent insights on the relationships among diet, microbiota-derived metabolites, and CRC, focusing on their intricate immunomodulatory responses, which might influence the progression of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200001, China;
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