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Shu C, Zha H, Long H, Wang X, Yang F, Gao J, Hu C, Zhou L, Guo B, Zhu B. C3a-C3aR signaling promotes breast cancer lung metastasis via modulating carcinoma associated fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:11. [PMID: 31931851 PMCID: PMC6958674 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence suggests that complement components promote tumor progression via modulating immune suppression, angiogenesis, or tumor cell proliferation. However, the role of C3a-C3aR signaling in regulating lung metastasis of breast cancer remains unknown. Methods We performed various ex-vivo and in-vivo assays. Genetic and pharmacological C3aR blockade models were applied to investigate the role of C3a-C3aR in metastasis of breast cancer. Results C3a-C3aR signaling in CAFs facilitates the metastasis of breast cancer. Mechanically, C3a-C3aR signaling augments pro-metastatic cytokine secretion and extracellular matrix components expression of CAFs via the activation of PI3K-AKT signaling. Genetic or pharmacological blockade of C3aR signaling effectively inhibited lung metastasis of breast cancer in mouse models. Conclusions C3a-C3aR signaling in CAFs facilitates the metastasis of breast cancer. Targeting C3aR signaling is a potential anti-metastasis strategy for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Shu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Zha
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Long
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbao Gao
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Guo
- Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Brain metastasis, which commonly arises in patients with lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma, is associated with poor survival outcomes and poses distinct clinical challenges. The brain microenvironment, with its unique cell types, anatomical structures, metabolic constraints and immune environment, differs drastically from microenvironments of extracranial lesions, imposing a distinct and profound selective pressure on tumour cells that, in turn, shapes the metastatic process and therapeutic responses. Accordingly, the study of brain metastasis could uncover new therapeutic targets and identify novel treatment approaches to address the unmet clinical need. Moreover, such efforts could provide insight into the biology of primary brain tumours, which face similar challenges to brain metastases of extracranial origin, and vice versa. However, the paucity of robust preclinical models of brain metastasis has severely limited such investigations, underscoring the importance of developing improved experimental models that holistically encompass the metastatic cascade and/or brain microenvironment. In this Viewpoint, we asked four leading experts to provide their opinions on these important aspects of brain metastasis biology and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Boire
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Livia Garzia
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
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Dubois C, Martin F, Hassel C, Magnier F, Daumar P, Aubel C, Guerder S, Mounetou E, Penault-Lorca F, Bamdad M. Low-Dose and Long-Term Olaparib Treatment Sensitizes MDA-MB-231 and SUM1315 Triple-Negative Breast Cancers Spheroids to Fractioned Radiotherapy. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010064. [PMID: 31888054 PMCID: PMC7019977 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Triple-Negative Breast Cancer subtype (TNBC) is particularly aggressive and heterogeneous. Thus, Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymerase inhibitors were developed to improve the prognosis of patients and treatment protocols are still being evaluated. In this context, we modelized the efficacy of Olaparib (i.e., 5 and 50 µM), combined with fractioned irradiation (i.e., 5 × 2 Gy) on two aggressive TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 (BRCAness) and SUM1315 (BRCA1-mutated). In 2D cell culture and for both models, the clonogenicity drop was 95-fold higher after 5 µM Olaparib and 10 Gy irradiation than Olaparib treatment alone and was only 2-fold higher after 50 µM and 10 Gy. Similar responses were obtained on TNBC tumor-like spheroid models after 10 days of co-treatment. Indeed, the ratio of metabolic activity decrease was of 1.2 for SUM1315 and 3.3 for MDA-MB-231 after 5 µM and 10 Gy and of only 0.9 (both models) after 50 µM and 10 Gy. MDA-MB-231, exhibiting a strong proliferation profile and an overexpression of AURKA, was more sensitive to the co-treatment than SUM1315 cell line, with a stem-cell like phenotype. These results suggest that, with the studied models, the potentiation of Olaparib treatment could be reached with low-dose and long-term exposure combined with fractioned irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Dubois
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre Jean Perrin, INSERM, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; (C.D.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, INSERM, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Fanny Martin
- Département de Radiothérapie, Centre Jean Perrin, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Chervin Hassel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Purpan, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM, UMR 1043/CNRS UMR 5282, Antigen Presenting Cells and CD4 T cell responses, F-31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Florian Magnier
- Service de Physique Médicale, Centre Jean Perrin, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Daumar
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, INSERM, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Corinne Aubel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvie Guerder
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Purpan, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM, UMR 1043/CNRS UMR 5282, Antigen Presenting Cells and CD4 T cell responses, F-31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Mounetou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, INSERM, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Frédérique Penault-Lorca
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre Jean Perrin, INSERM, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; (C.D.)
| | - Mahchid Bamdad
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, INSERM, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-7317-7077
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154
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Shenoy S, Shenoy SN. Progeny in an Inhospitable Milieu-Solitary Intraventricular Metastasis From a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Mimicking Central Neurocytoma: Case Report and Review of Diagnostic Pitfalls and Management Strategies. World Neurosurg 2019; 135:309-315. [PMID: 31863888 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most invasive subtypes of breast cancer, with high rates of visceral metastases and recurrence. Choroid plexus metastasis from breast cancer is infrequent despite a high incidence of brain parenchymal metastasis. METHODS We report a case of solitary metastasis to the choroid plexus from a TNBC that masqueraded as central neurocytoma, and we review the PubMed database for similar cases focusing on their diagnostic challenges and management strategies. RESULTS A 28-year-old woman with a history of TNBC presented with recurrent seizures, headache, and vomiting. Imaging studies depicted a well-defined lesion in the right anterior lateral ventricle that was attached to the septum pellucidum. After an initial radiological diagnosis of central neurocytoma, she deteriorated rapidly with intraventricular hemorrhage requiring emergency transcallosal microsurgical tumor decompression. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry confirmed breast carcinoma as the origin of the intraventricular mass. A review of the PubMed database identified only 2 case reports of choroid plexus metastases from breast cancer reported thus far. CONCLUSIONS Choroid plexus metastases are exceedingly infrequent and can be mistaken for the more common central neurocytoma. The intraventricular milieu is inhospitable suggesting some extracranial carcinomas develop traits that help them to thrive in the acellular cerebrospinal fluid. Intraventricular mass lesions with a history of primary neoplasm should raise suspicion for choroid plexus metastases. A high index of suspicion despite excellent control of the primary tumor and the absence of systemic metastases is indispensable.
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155
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Roumenina LT, Daugan MV, Petitprez F, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman WH. Context-dependent roles of complement in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:698-715. [PMID: 31666715 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) highly influences the growth and spread of tumours, thus impacting the patient's clinical outcome. In this context, the complement system plays a major and complex role. It may either act to kill antibody-coated tumour cells, support local chronic inflammation or hamper antitumour T cell responses favouring tumour progression. Recent studies demonstrate that these opposing effects are dependent upon the sites of complement activation, the composition of the TME and the tumour cell sensitivity to complement attack. In this Review, we present the evidence that has so far accrued showing a role for complement activation and its effects on cancer control and clinical outcome under different TME contexts. We also include a new analysis of the publicly available transcriptomic data to provide an overview of the prognostic value of complement gene expression in 30 cancer types. We argue that the interplay of complement components within each cancer type is unique, governed by the properties of the tumour cells and the TME. This concept is of critical importance for the design of efficient therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting complement components and their signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubka T Roumenina
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Marie V Daugan
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florent Petitprez
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Wolf Herman Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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156
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GYY4137 Attenuates Sodium Deoxycholate-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury Both In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5752323. [PMID: 31737669 PMCID: PMC6815576 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5752323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Substantial studies have demonstrated that an elevated concentration of deoxycholic acid (DCA) in the colonic lumen may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of GYY4137, as a novel and synthetic H2S donor, on the injury of intestinal barrier induced by sodium deoxycholate (SDC) both in vivo and in vitro. Methods In this study, Caco-2 monolayers and mouse models with high SDC concentration in the lumen were used to study the effect of GYY4137 on intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by SDC and its underlying mechanisms. Results In Caco-2 monolayers, a short period of addition of SDC increased the permeability of monolayers obviously, changed distribution of tight junctions (TJs), and improved the phosphorylation level of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and myosin light chain (MLC). However, pretreatment with GYY4137 markedly ameliorated the SDC-induced barrier dysfunction. Being injected with GYY4137 could enable mice to resist the SDC-induced injury of the intestinal barrier. Besides, GYY4137 promoted the recovery of the body weight and intestinal barrier histological score of mice with the gavage of SDC. GYY4137 also attenuated the decreased expression level of TJs in mice treated with SDC. Conclusion Taken together, this research suggests that GYY4137 preserves the intestinal barrier from SDC-induced injury via suppressing the activation of P-MLCK-P-MLC2 signaling pathway and increasing the expression level of tight junctions.
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157
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Vasan N, Baselga J, Hyman DM. A view on drug resistance in cancer. Nature 2019; 575:299-309. [PMID: 31723286 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1248] [Impact Index Per Article: 249.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The problem of resistance to therapy in cancer is multifaceted. Here we take a reductionist approach to define and separate the key determinants of drug resistance, which include tumour burden and growth kinetics; tumour heterogeneity; physical barriers; the immune system and the microenvironment; undruggable cancer drivers; and the many consequences of applying therapeutic pressures. We propose four general solutions to drug resistance that are based on earlier detection of tumours permitting cancer interception; adaptive monitoring during therapy; the addition of novel drugs and improved pharmacological principles that result in deeper responses; and the identification of cancer cell dependencies by high-throughput synthetic lethality screens, integration of clinico-genomic data and computational modelling. These different approaches could eventually be synthesized for each tumour at any decision point and used to inform the choice of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Vasan
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - José Baselga
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - David M Hyman
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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158
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Klotz R, Thomas A, Teng T, Han SM, Iriondo O, Li L, Restrepo-Vassalli S, Wang A, Izadian N, MacKay M, Moon BS, Liu KJ, Ganesan SK, Lee G, Kang DS, Walmsley CS, Pinto C, Press MF, Lu W, Lu J, Juric D, Bardia A, Hicks J, Salhia B, Attenello F, Smith AD, Yu M. Circulating Tumor Cells Exhibit Metastatic Tropism and Reveal Brain Metastasis Drivers. Cancer Discov 2019; 10:86-103. [PMID: 31601552 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hematogenous metastasis is initiated by a subset of circulating tumor cells (CTC) shed from primary or metastatic tumors into the blood circulation. Thus, CTCs provide a unique patient biopsy resource to decipher the cellular subpopulations that initiate metastasis and their molecular properties. However, one crucial question is whether CTCs derived and expanded ex vivo from patients recapitulate human metastatic disease in an animal model. Here, we show that CTC lines established from patients with breast cancer are capable of generating metastases in mice with a pattern recapitulating most major organs from corresponding patients. Genome-wide sequencing analyses of metastatic variants identified semaphorin 4D as a regulator of tumor cell transmigration through the blood-brain barrier and MYC as a crucial regulator for the adaptation of disseminated tumor cells to the activated brain microenvironment. These data provide the direct experimental evidence of the promising role of CTCs as a prognostic factor for site-specific metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: Interests abound in gaining new knowledge of the physiopathology of brain metastasis. In a direct metastatic tropism analysis, we demonstrated that ex vivo-cultured CTCs from 4 patients with breast cancer showed organotropism, revealing molecular features that allow a subset of CTCs to enter and grow in the brain.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Klotz
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amal Thomas
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, USC David and Dana Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sung Min Han
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Oihana Iriondo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sara Restrepo-Vassalli
- Bridge Institute, USC David and Dana Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alan Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Negeen Izadian
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,MS Biotechnology Program, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, California
| | - Matthew MacKay
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Byoung-San Moon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kevin J Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sathish Kumar Ganesan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Grace Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Diane S Kang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Michael F Press
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wange Lu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Janice Lu
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dejan Juric
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James Hicks
- Bridge Institute, USC David and Dana Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bodour Salhia
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Frank Attenello
- Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew D Smith
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, USC David and Dana Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. .,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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159
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McCloskey CW, Cook DP, Kelly BS, Azzi F, Allen CH, Forsyth A, Upham J, Rayner KJ, Gray DA, Boyd RW, Murugkar S, Lo B, Trudel D, Senterman MK, Vanderhyden BC. Metformin Abrogates Age-Associated Ovarian Fibrosis. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:632-642. [PMID: 31597663 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ovarian cancer risk factors of age and ovulation are curious because ovarian cancer incidence increases in postmenopausal women, long after ovulations have ceased. To determine how age and ovulation underlie ovarian cancer risk, we assessed the effects of these risk factors on the ovarian microenvironment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Aged C57/lcrfa mice (0-33 months old) were generated to assess the aged ovarian microenvironment. To expand our findings into human aging, we assembled a cohort of normal human ovaries (n = 18, 21-71 years old). To validate our findings, an independent cohort of normal human ovaries was assembled (n = 9, 41-82 years old). RESULTS We first validated the presence of age-associated murine ovarian fibrosis. Using interdisciplinary methodologies, we provide novel evidence that ovarian fibrosis also develops in human postmenopausal ovaries across two independent cohorts (n = 27). Fibrotic ovaries have an increased CD206+:CD68+ cell ratio, CD8+ T-cell infiltration, and profibrotic DPP4+αSMA+ fibroblasts. Metformin use was associated with attenuated CD8+ T-cell infiltration and reduced CD206+:CD68+ cell ratio. CONCLUSIONS These data support a novel hypothesis that unifies the primary nonhereditary ovarian cancer risk factors through the development of ovarian fibrosis and the formation of a premetastatic niche, and suggests a potential use for metformin in ovarian cancer prophylaxis.See related commentary by Madariaga et al., p. 523.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis W McCloskey
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David P Cook
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brendan S Kelly
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feryel Azzi
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Amanda Forsyth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy Upham
- Department of Physics and School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Katey J Rayner
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas A Gray
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert W Boyd
- Department of Physics and School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Bryan Lo
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Molecular Oncology Diagnostics Laboratory, Division of Anatomical Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dominique Trudel
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mary K Senterman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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160
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Dridi M, Bouleftour W, Rivoirard R, Dal Col P, Langrand-Escure J, Vassal C, Guillot A. Leptomeningeal Metastases in Renal Cell Carcinoma at Initial Diagnosis: 2 Case Reports and Literature Review. Cancer Invest 2019; 37:501-505. [PMID: 31583922 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1662031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) in solid tumors are rare, even more in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). To date there is a lack of consensual treatment modalities of leptomeningeal metastasis. Furthermore, with the improvement of outcomes and more effective systemic targeted therapies, the management of leptomeningeal metastasis becomes a real challenge. We here report two cases of RCC with leptomeningeal metastasis at initial diagnosis. Both patients had concurrent adjacent skull bone metastasis. Therapeutic management of both patients consisted in surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy in one case. Systemic treatment was delayed according to current recommendations for the management of metastatic RCC. The aim of this work is to report the therapeutic approach and related outcomes and also provide a review of the currently available literature on leptomeningeal disease in renal cell carcinoma. Indeed, local treatment with curative outcome of meningeal location in RCC should be performed specially in LM at initial diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Dridi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth , Saint Priest en Jarez , France
| | - Wafa Bouleftour
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth , Saint Priest en Jarez , France
| | - Romain Rivoirard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth , Saint Priest en Jarez , France
| | - Pierre Dal Col
- Anatomo-pathology Department, CHU de Saint Etienne , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Julien Langrand-Escure
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth , Saint Priest en Jarez , France
| | - Cécile Vassal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth , Saint Priest en Jarez , France
| | - Aline Guillot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth , Saint Priest en Jarez , France
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161
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Ajona D, Zandueta C, Corrales L, Moreno H, Pajares MJ, Ortiz-Espinosa S, Martínez-Terroba E, Perurena N, de Miguel FJ, Jantus-Lewintre E, Camps C, Vicent S, Agorreta J, Montuenga LM, Pio R, Lecanda F. Blockade of the Complement C5a/C5aR1 Axis Impairs Lung Cancer Bone Metastasis by CXCL16-mediated Effects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:1164-1176. [PMID: 29327939 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201703-0660oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE C5aR1 (CD88), a receptor for complement anaphylatoxin C5a, is a potent immune mediator. Its impact on malignant growth and dissemination of non-small cell lung cancer cells is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To investigate the contribution of the C5a/C5aR1 axis to the malignant phenotype of non-small cell lung cancer cells, particularly in skeletal colonization, a preferential lung metastasis site. METHODS Association between C5aR1 expression and clinical outcome was assessed in silico and validated by immunohistochemistry. Functional significance was evaluated by lentiviral gene silencing and ligand l-aptamer inhibition in in vivo models of lung cancer bone metastasis. In vitro functional assays for signaling, migration, invasion, metalloprotease activity, and osteoclastogenesis were also performed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS High levels of C5aR1 in human lung tumors were significantly associated with shorter recurrence-free survival, overall survival, and bone metastasis. Silencing of C5aR1 in lung cancer cells led to a substantial reduction in skeletal metastatic burden and osteolysis in in vivo models. Furthermore, metalloproteolytic, migratory, and invasive tumor cell activities were modulated in vitro by C5aR1 stimulation or gene silencing. l-Aptamer blockade or C5aR1 silencing significantly reduced the osseous metastatic activity of lung cancer cells in vivo. This effect was associated with decreased osteoclastogenic activity in vitro and was rescued by the exogenous addition of the chemokine CXCL16. CONCLUSIONS Disruption of C5aR1 signaling in lung cancer cells abrogates their tumor-associated osteoclastogenic activity, impairing osseous colonization. This study unveils the role played by the C5a/C5aR1 axis in lung cancer dissemination and supports its potential use as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ajona
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,2 IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.,3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,4 Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, and
| | - Carolina Zandueta
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,2 IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.,3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain
| | - Leticia Corrales
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Haritz Moreno
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,2 IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Pajares
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,2 IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.,3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,5 Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Ortiz-Espinosa
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,4 Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, and
| | - Elena Martínez-Terroba
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,5 Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Naiara Perurena
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando J de Miguel
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,4 Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, and
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- 3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,6 Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,7 Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Camps
- 3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,6 Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,8 Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; and.,9 Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvestre Vicent
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,2 IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.,3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,5 Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jackeline Agorreta
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,2 IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.,3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,5 Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis M Montuenga
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,2 IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.,3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,5 Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,2 IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.,3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,4 Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, and
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- 1 Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain.,2 IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.,3 CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Spain.,5 Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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162
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Su W, Han HH, Wang Y, Zhang B, Zhou B, Cheng Y, Rumandla A, Gurrapu S, Chakraborty G, Su J, Yang G, Liang X, Wang G, Rosen N, Scher HI, Ouerfelli O, Giancotti FG. The Polycomb Repressor Complex 1 Drives Double-Negative Prostate Cancer Metastasis by Coordinating Stemness and Immune Suppression. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:139-155.e10. [PMID: 31327655 PMCID: PMC7210785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that enable immune evasion at metastatic sites are poorly understood. We show that the Polycomb Repressor Complex 1 (PRC1) drives colonization of the bones and visceral organs in double-negative prostate cancer (DNPC). In vivo genetic screening identifies CCL2 as the top prometastatic gene induced by PRC1. CCL2 governs self-renewal and induces the recruitment of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages and regulatory T cells, thus coordinating metastasis initiation with immune suppression and neoangiogenesis. A catalytic inhibitor of PRC1 cooperates with immune checkpoint therapy to reverse these processes and suppress metastasis in genetically engineered mouse transplantation models of DNPC. These results reveal that PRC1 coordinates stemness with immune evasion and neoangiogenesis and point to the potential clinical utility of targeting PRC1 in DNPC.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/secondary
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Self Renewal/drug effects
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/immunology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- PC-3 Cells
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 1/genetics
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 1/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Receptors, Androgen/deficiency
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, CCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CCR4/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Su
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hyun Ho Han
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1906, PO Box 301429, Houston, TX 77054/77030-1429, USA; Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1906, PO Box 301429, Houston, TX 77054/77030-1429, USA
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1906, PO Box 301429, Houston, TX 77054/77030-1429, USA
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanming Cheng
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alekya Rumandla
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1906, PO Box 301429, Houston, TX 77054/77030-1429, USA
| | - Sreeharsha Gurrapu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1906, PO Box 301429, Houston, TX 77054/77030-1429, USA
| | - Goutam Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jie Su
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Guangli Yang
- Organic Synthesis Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Guocan Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Neal Rosen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Howard I Scher
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, MSKCC, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ouathek Ouerfelli
- Organic Synthesis Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Filippo G Giancotti
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1906, PO Box 301429, Houston, TX 77054/77030-1429, USA; Department of Genitourinary Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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163
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Riihilä P, Viiklepp K, Nissinen L, Farshchian M, Kallajoki M, Kivisaari A, Meri S, Peltonen J, Peltonen S, Kähäri VM. Tumour-cell-derived complement components C1r and C1s promote growth of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:658-670. [PMID: 31049937 PMCID: PMC7065064 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of epidermal keratinocyte‐derived cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is increasing worldwide. Objectives To study the role of the complement classical pathway components C1q, C1r and C1s in the progression of cSCC. Methods The mRNA levels of C1Q subunits and C1R and C1S in cSCC cell lines, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, cSCC tumours in vivo and normal skin were analysed with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The production of C1r and C1s was determined with Western blotting. The expression of C1r and C1s in tissue samples in vivo was analysed with immunohistochemistry and further investigated in human cSCC xenografts by knocking down C1r and C1s. Results Significantly elevated C1R and C1S mRNA levels and production of C1r and C1s were detected in cSCC cells, compared with normal human epidermal keratinocytes. The mRNA levels of C1R and C1S were markedly elevated in cSCC tumours in vivo compared with normal skin. Abundant expression of C1r and C1s by tumour cells was detected in invasive sporadic cSCCs and recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa‐associated cSCCs, whereas the expression of C1r and C1s was lower in cSCC in situ, actinic keratosis and normal skin. Knockdown of C1r and C1s expression in cSCC cells inhibited activation of extracellular signal‐related kinase 1/2 and Akt, promoted apoptosis of cSCC cells and significantly suppressed growth and vascularization of human cSCC xenograft tumours in vivo. Conclusions These results provide evidence for the role of tumour‐cell‐derived C1r and C1s in the progression of cSCC and identify them as biomarkers and putative therapeutic targets in cSCC. What's already known about this topic? The incidences of actinic keratosis, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in situ and invasive cSCC are increasing globally. Few specific biomarkers for progression of cSCC have been identified, and no biological markers are in clinical use to predict the aggressiveness of actinic keratosis, cSCC in situ and invasive cSCC.
What does this study add? Our results provide novel evidence for the role of complement classical pathway components C1r and C1s in the progression of cSCC.
What is the translational message? Our results identify complement classical pathway components C1r and C1s as biomarkers and putative therapeutic targets in cSCC.
Linked Comment: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18419. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18821 available online
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Affiliation(s)
- P Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - K Viiklepp
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - L Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - M Farshchian
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Kallajoki
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - A Kivisaari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - S Meri
- Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Peltonen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - S Peltonen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - V-M Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
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164
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Riihilä P, Nissinen L, Knuutila J, Rahmati Nezhad P, Viiklepp K, Kähäri VM. Complement System in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143550. [PMID: 31331124 PMCID: PMC6678994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal keratinocyte-derived cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common metastatic skin cancer with high mortality rates in the advanced stage. Chronic inflammation is a recognized risk factor for cSCC progression and the complement system, as a part of innate immunity, belongs to the microenvironment of tumors. The complement system is a double-edged sword in cancer, since complement activation is involved in anti-tumor cytotoxicity and immune responses, but it also promotes cancer progression directly and indirectly. Recently, the role of several complement components and inhibitors in the regulation of progression of cSCC has been shown. In this review, we will discuss the role of complement system components and inhibitors as biomarkers and potential new targets for therapeutic intervention in cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Knuutila
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pegah Rahmati Nezhad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Kristina Viiklepp
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
- The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
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165
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Figura NB, Rizk VT, Armaghani AJ, Arrington JA, Etame AB, Han HS, Czerniecki BJ, Forsyth PA, Ahmed KA. Breast leptomeningeal disease: a review of current practices and updates on management. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 177:277-294. [PMID: 31209686 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is an advanced metastatic disease presentation portending a poor prognosis with minimal treatment options. The advent and widespread use of new systemic therapies for metastatic breast cancer has improved systemic disease control and extended survival; however, as patients live longer, the rates of breast cancer LMD are increasing. METHODS In this review, a group of medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, radiologists, breast surgeons, and neurosurgeons specializing in treatment of breast cancer reviewed the available published literature and compiled a comprehensive review on the current state of breast cancer LMD. RESULTS We discuss the pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment options (including systemic, intrathecal, surgical, and radiotherapy treatment modalities), and treatment response evaluation specific to breast cancer patients. Furthermore, we discuss the controversies within this unique clinical setting and identify potential clinical opportunities to improve upon the diagnosis, treatment, and treatment response evaluation in the management of breast LMD. CONCLUSIONS We recognize the shortcomings in our current understanding of the disease and explore the future role of genomic/molecular disease characterization, technological innovations, and ongoing clinical trials attempting to improve the prognosis for this advanced disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Figura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Victoria T Rizk
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Avan J Armaghani
- Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - John A Arrington
- Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Arnold B Etame
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Hyo S Han
- Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Brian J Czerniecki
- Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Peter A Forsyth
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Kamran A Ahmed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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166
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Welch DR, Hurst DR. Defining the Hallmarks of Metastasis. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3011-3027. [PMID: 31053634 PMCID: PMC6571042 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. The process involves a complex interplay between intrinsic tumor cell properties as well as interactions between cancer cells and multiple microenvironments. The outcome is the development of a nearby or distant discontiguous secondary mass. To successfully disseminate, metastatic cells acquire properties in addition to those necessary to become neoplastic. Heterogeneity in mechanisms involved, routes of dissemination, redundancy of molecular pathways that can be utilized, and the ability to piggyback on the actions of surrounding stromal cells makes defining the hallmarks of metastasis extraordinarily challenging. Nonetheless, this review identifies four distinguishing features that are required: motility and invasion, ability to modulate the secondary site or local microenvironments, plasticity, and ability to colonize secondary tissues. By defining these first principles of metastasis, we provide the means for focusing efforts on the aspects of metastasis that will improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology and The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
| | - Douglas R Hurst
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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167
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Metastasis as a systemic disease: molecular insights and clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:89-102. [PMID: 31202687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a complex systemic disease that develops as a result of interactions between tumor cells and their local and distant microenvironments. Local and systemic immune-related changes play especially critical roles in limiting or enabling the development of metastatic disease. Although anti-tumor immune responses likely eliminate most early primary and metastatic lesions, factors secreted by cancer or stromal cells in the primary tumor can mobilize and activate cells in distant organs in a way that promotes the outgrowth of disseminated cancer cells into macrometastatic lesions. Therefore, the prevention, detection, and effective treatment of metastatic disease require a deeper understanding of the systemic effects of primary tumors as well as predisposing hereditary and acquired host factors including chronic inflammatory conditions. The success of immunotherapy in a subset of cancer patients is an example of how modulating the microenvironment and tumor-immune cell interactions can be exploited for the effective eradiation of even advanced-stage tumors. Here, we highlight emerging insights and clinical implications of cancer as a systemic disease.
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168
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Chang X, Liu Z, Man S, Roys A, Li Z, Zuo D, Wu Y. Metastasis manners and the underlying mechanisms of ALK and ROS1 rearrangement lung cancer and current possible therapeutic strategies. RSC Adv 2019; 9:17921-17932. [PMID: 35520562 PMCID: PMC9064669 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02258a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rearrangements of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and the c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) have both been important driving factors in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). They have already been defined in 3-5% of NSCLC patients. ALK and ROS1 rearrangements are associated with unique clinical and pathological features, especially patients are usually younger, with milder or never smoking history, and adenocarcinoma histology. Also, they have both been found to contribute to the metastasis of NSCLC by cell migration and invasion. It has recently been recognized that the brain can be considered as a primary site for metastasis in cancers with ALK or ROS1 rearrangements. The present review summarizes the current status of NSCLC metastasis and possible mechanisms based on available evidence, and then we list possible therapeutic strategies so that an increase in control of ALK and ROS1 rearrangement of NSCLC metastases by combination therapy can be translated in an increase in overall survival and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Zi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Shuai Man
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Annie Roys
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Zengqiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 China
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169
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Bertero L, Siravegna G, Rudà R, Soffietti R, Bardelli A, Cassoni P. Review: Peering through a keyhole: liquid biopsy in primary and metastatic central nervous system tumours. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 45:655-670. [PMID: 30977933 PMCID: PMC6899864 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumour molecular profiling by liquid biopsy is being investigated for a wide range of research and clinical purposes. The possibility of repeatedly interrogating the tumour profile using minimally invasive procedures is helping to understand spatial and temporal tumour heterogeneity, and to shed a light on mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies. Moreover, this approach has been already implemented in clinical practice to address specific decisions regarding patients’ follow‐up and therapeutic management. For central nervous system (CNS) tumours, molecular profiling is particularly relevant for the proper characterization of primary neoplasms, while CNS metastases can significantly diverge from primary disease or extra‐CNS metastases, thus compelling a dedicated assessment. Based on these considerations, effective liquid biopsy tools for CNS tumours are highly warranted and a significant amount of data have been accrued over the last few years. These results have shown that liquid biopsy can provide clinically meaningful information about both primary and metastatic CNS tumours, but specific considerations must be taken into account, for example, when choosing the source of liquid biopsy. Nevertheless, this approach is especially attractive for CNS tumours, as repeated tumour sampling is not feasible. The aim of our review was to thoroughly report the state‐of‐the‐art regarding the opportunities and challenges posed by liquid biopsy in both primary and secondary CNS tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - G Siravegna
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo (Turin), Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (Turin), Italy
| | - R Rudà
- Neuro-oncology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy.,Neuro-oncology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - R Soffietti
- Neuro-oncology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy.,Neuro-oncology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - A Bardelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo (Turin), Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (Turin), Italy
| | - P Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Torino, Italy
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170
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Andersen BM, Miranda C, Hatzoglou V, DeAngelis LM, Miller AM. Leptomeningeal metastases in glioma: The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center experience. Neurology 2019; 92:e2483-e2491. [PMID: 31019097 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a retrospective analysis examining the incidence and prognosis of glioma patients with leptomeningeal disease (LMD) at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center over a 15-year period and correlate these findings with clinicopathologic characteristics. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of glioma patients with LMD at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center diagnosed from 2001 to 2016. Patients were identified through a keyword search of their electronic medical record and by ICD-9 codes. RESULTS One hundred three patients were identified with disseminated LMD and 85 patients with subependymal spread of disease, 4.7% of all patients with glioma. These cohorts were analyzed separately for time to development of disseminated LMD/subependymal LMD, median overall survival, and survival from LMD diagnosis. Patients were pooled for subsequent analyses (n = 188) because of comparable clinical behavior. LMD was present at glioma diagnosis in 10% of patients. In the remaining 90% of patients diagnosed at recurrence, time to LMD diagnosis, survival after LMD diagnosis, and overall survival varied by original histology. Patients with oligodendroglioma had a median survival of 10.8 (range 1.8-67.7) months, astrocytoma 6.5 (0.1-28.5) months, and glioblastoma 3.8 (0.1-32.6) months after LMD diagnosis. In addition, we found that treatment of LMD was associated with superior performance status and increased survival. CONCLUSION Patients with LMD diagnosed at relapse may not have decreased overall survival as compared to historical controls with parenchymal relapse and may benefit from treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Andersen
- From the Department of Neurology (B.M.A., C.M.), New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; and Departments of Radiology (V.H.) and Neurology (L.M.D., A.M.M.) Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Caroline Miranda
- From the Department of Neurology (B.M.A., C.M.), New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; and Departments of Radiology (V.H.) and Neurology (L.M.D., A.M.M.) Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Vaios Hatzoglou
- From the Department of Neurology (B.M.A., C.M.), New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; and Departments of Radiology (V.H.) and Neurology (L.M.D., A.M.M.) Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lisa M DeAngelis
- From the Department of Neurology (B.M.A., C.M.), New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; and Departments of Radiology (V.H.) and Neurology (L.M.D., A.M.M.) Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alexandra M Miller
- From the Department of Neurology (B.M.A., C.M.), New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; and Departments of Radiology (V.H.) and Neurology (L.M.D., A.M.M.) Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
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171
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Ajona D, Ortiz-Espinosa S, Pio R, Lecanda F. Complement in Metastasis: A Comp in the Camp. Front Immunol 2019; 10:669. [PMID: 31001273 PMCID: PMC6457318 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system represents a pillar of the innate immune response. This system, critical for host defense against pathogens, encompasses more than 50 soluble, and membrane-bound proteins. Emerging evidence underscores its clinical relevance in tumor progression and its role in metastasis, one of the hallmarks of cancer. The multistep process of metastasis entails the acquisition of advantageous functions required for the formation of secondary tumors. Thus, targeting components of the complement system could impact not only on tumor initiation but also on several crucial steps along tumor dissemination. This novel vulnerability could be concomitantly exploited with current strategies overcoming tumor-mediated immunosuppression to provide a substantial clinical benefit in the treatment of metastatic disease. In this review, we offer a tour d'horizon on recent advances in this area and their prospective potential for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ajona
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Ortiz-Espinosa
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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172
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Basnet H, Tian L, Ganesh K, Huang YH, Macalinao DG, Brogi E, Finley LWS, Massagué J. Flura-seq identifies organ-specific metabolic adaptations during early metastatic colonization. eLife 2019; 8:e43627. [PMID: 30912515 PMCID: PMC6440742 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-initiating cells dynamically adapt to the distinct microenvironments of different organs, but these early adaptations are poorly understood due to the limited sensitivity of in situ transcriptomics. We developed fluorouracil-labeled RNA sequencing (Flura-seq) for in situ analysis with high sensitivity. Flura-seq utilizes cytosine deaminase (CD) to convert fluorocytosine to fluorouracil, metabolically labeling nascent RNA in rare cell populations in situ for purification and sequencing. Flura-seq revealed hundreds of unique, dynamic organ-specific gene signatures depending on the microenvironment in mouse xenograft breast cancer micrometastases. Specifically, the mitochondrial electron transport Complex I, oxidative stress and counteracting antioxidant programs were induced in pulmonary micrometastases, compared to mammary tumors or brain micrometastases. We confirmed lung metastasis-specific increase in oxidative stress and upregulation of antioxidants in clinical samples, thus validating Flura-seq's utility in identifying clinically actionable microenvironmental adaptations in early metastasis. The sensitivity, robustness and economy of Flura-seq are broadly applicable beyond cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harihar Basnet
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lin Tian
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Karuna Ganesh
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of MedicineSloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yun-Han Huang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD ProgramNew YorkUnited States
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Danilo G Macalinao
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Edi Brogi
- Department of PathologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lydia WS Finley
- Cell Biology ProgramSloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
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173
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Franzoi MA, Hortobagyi GN. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in patients with breast cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 135:85-94. [PMID: 30819451 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) is defined as infiltration of the leptomeninges by metastatic carcinoma, a relatively uncommon but devastating complication of many malignancies. Although only 5% of patients with breast cancer develop leptomeningeal involvement, it remains the most common etiology of LC. It can occur as a late-stage complication of systemic progression or present as the first sign of metastatic disease, with or without parenchymal brain metastases. Lobular carcinomas have a higher propensity to metastasize into the meninges when compared to ductal carcinoma, especially the triple-negative subtype, which usually is associated with a shorter interval between metastatic breast cancer diagnosis and the development of LC. Prognosis remains poor, with median survival of 4 months for patients receiving state-of-the-art treatment. The main factors associated with survival are performance status at diagnosis, CSF protein level and triple-negative subtype. Headache is commonly the first clinical presentation of LC, and the diagnostic workup usually requires CSF-cytological analysis and or/MRI. The current management of LC consists of a combination of intra-CSF chemotherapy, systemic therapy, radiotherapy and/or best-supportive care. The standard intra-CSF chemotherapy regimen is methotrexate. Radiotherapy is used for relieving obstruction points on CSF-outflow channels due to ependymal nodules, tumor deposits or bulky disease. Objective responses have been reported with intrathecal administration of trastuzumab for HER2-positive disease, yet this strategy is still under investigation. Further prospective trials are needed to better address the impact of these treatment modalities on overall survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel N Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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174
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Achrol AS, Rennert RC, Anders C, Soffietti R, Ahluwalia MS, Nayak L, Peters S, Arvold ND, Harsh GR, Steeg PS, Chang SD. Brain metastases. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019; 5:5. [PMID: 30655533 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-018-0055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 20% of all patients with cancer will develop brain metastases, with the majority of brain metastases occurring in those with lung, breast and colorectal cancers, melanoma or renal cell carcinoma. Brain metastases are thought to occur via seeding of circulating tumour cells into the brain microvasculature; within this unique microenvironment, tumour growth is promoted and the penetration of systemic medical therapies is limited. Development of brain metastases remains a substantial contributor to overall cancer mortality in patients with advanced-stage cancer because prognosis remains poor despite multimodal treatments and advances in systemic therapies, which include a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapies. Thus, interest abounds in understanding the mechanisms that drive brain metastases so that they can be targeted with preventive therapeutic strategies and in understanding the molecular characteristics of brain metastases relative to the primary tumour so that they can inform targeted therapy selection. Increased molecular understanding of the disease will also drive continued development of novel immunotherapies and targeted therapies that have higher bioavailability beyond the blood-tumour barrier and drive advances in radiotherapies and minimally invasive surgical techniques. As these discoveries and innovations move from the realm of basic science to preclinical and clinical applications, future outcomes for patients with brain metastases are almost certain to improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achal Singh Achrol
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosciences, John Wayne Cancer Institute and Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
| | - Robert C Rennert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Carey Anders
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lakshmi Nayak
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Solange Peters
- Medical Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nils D Arvold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Center, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Griffith R Harsh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California-Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven D Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California-Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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175
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Huang WY, Wang YP, Mahmmod YS, Wang JJ, Liu TH, Zheng YX, Zhou X, Zhang XX, Yuan ZG. A Double-Edged Sword: Complement Component 3 in Toxoplasma gondii Infection. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800271. [PMID: 30515942 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sprague Dawley rats and Kunming (KM) mice are artificially infected with type II Toxoplasma gondii strain Prugniaud (Pru) to generate toxoplasmosis, which is a fatal disease mediated by T. gondii invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by unknown mechanisms. The aim is to explore the mechanism of differential susceptibility of mice and rats to T. gondii infection. Therefore, a strategy of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) is established to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the rats' and the mice's brains compared to the healthy groups. In KM mice, which is susceptible to T. gondii infection, complement component 3 (C3) is upregulated and the tight junction (TJ) pathway shows a disorder. It is presumed that T. gondii-stimulated C3 disrupts the TJ of the blood-brain barrier in the CNS. This effect allows more T. gondii passing to the brain through the intercellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yi Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Pei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yasser S Mahmmod
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia Province, Egypt
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Tang-Hui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xiang Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Xiang Zhang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Guo Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
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176
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Zhang R, Liu Q, Li T, Liao Q, Zhao Y. Role of the complement system in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:300. [PMID: 31787848 PMCID: PMC6858723 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system has traditionally been considered a component of innate immunity against invading pathogens and "nonself" cells. Recent studies have demonstrated the immunoregulatory functions of complement activation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME plays crucial roles in tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis and recurrence. Imbalanced complement activation and the deposition of complement proteins have been demonstrated in many types of tumors. Plasma proteins, receptors, and regulators of complement activation regulate several biological functions of stromal cells in the TME and promote the malignant biological properties of tumors. Interactions between the complement system and cancer cells contribute to the proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion of tumor cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances related to the function of the complement system in the TME and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting complement-mediated immunoregulation in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Zhang
- 0000 0001 0662 3178grid.12527.33Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- 0000 0001 0662 3178grid.12527.33Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Tong Li
- 0000 0001 0662 3178grid.12527.33Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Quan Liao
- 0000 0001 0662 3178grid.12527.33Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- 0000 0001 0662 3178grid.12527.33Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
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177
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Zha H, Wang X, Zhu Y, Chen D, Han X, Yang F, Gao J, Hu C, Shu C, Feng Y, Tan Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Wan YY, Guo B, Zhu B. Intracellular Activation of Complement C3 Leads to PD-L1 Antibody Treatment Resistance by Modulating Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 7:193-207. [PMID: 30514794 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Complement aids in the construction of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Tumor cell-derived C3 has been previously reported, but whether and how it acts on antitumor immunity remains to be elucidated. Here, we describe a mechanism for tumor cell-derived C3 in suppressing antitumor immunity. Tumor cell-derived C3 was activated intracellularly, which results in generation of C3a. C3a modulated tumor-associated macrophages via C3a-C3aR-PI3Kγ signaling, thereby repressing antitumor immunity. Deletion of C3 in tumor cells that had high C3 expression enhanced efficacy of anti-PD-L1 treatment. Collectively, our results suggest tumor cell-derived C3 may be a useful target for cancer immunotherapy and that targeting C3 in tumor cells may enhance antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zha
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Diangang Chen
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jianbao Gao
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chi Shu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Feng
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Tan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Clinical Medicine Research Center and Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yisong Y Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North California
| | - Bo Guo
- Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, P.R. China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, P.R. China
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178
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Xiong C, Liu J, Lin D, Zhang J, Terrando N, Wu A. Complement activation contributes to perioperative neurocognitive disorders in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:254. [PMID: 30180861 PMCID: PMC6123969 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complement system plays an important role in many neurological disorders. Complement modulation, including C3/C3a receptor signaling, shows promising therapeutic effects on cognition and neurodegeneration. Yet, the implications for this pathway in perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are not well established. Here, we evaluated the possible role for C3/C3a receptor signaling after orthopedic surgery using an established mouse model of PND. METHODS A stabilized tibial fracture surgery was performed in adult male C57BL/6 mice under general anesthesia and analgesia to induce PND-like behavior. Complement activation was assessed in the hippocampus and choroid plexus. Changes in hippocampal neuroinflammation, synapse numbers, choroidal blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) integrity, and hippocampal-dependent memory function were evaluated after surgery and treatment with a C3a receptor blocker. RESULTS C3 levels and C3a receptor expression were specifically increased in hippocampal astrocytes and microglia after surgery. Surgery-induced neuroinflammation and synapse loss in the hippocampus were attenuated by C3a receptor blockade. Choroidal BCSFB dysfunction occurred 1 day after surgery and was attenuated by C3a receptor blockade. Administration of exogenous C3a exacerbated cognitive decline after surgery, whereas C3a receptor blockade improved hippocampal-dependent memory function. CONCLUSIONS Orthopedic surgery activates complement signaling. C3a receptor blockade may be therapeutically beneficial to attenuate neuroinflammation and PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Jinhu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Dandan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Juxia Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Niccolò Terrando
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Anshi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020 China
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179
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Hofer M, Hoferová Z, Remšík J, Nováková M, Procházková J, Fedr R, Kohoutek J, Dušek L, Hampl A, Souček K. Hematological findings in non-treated and gamma-irradiated mice deficient for MIC-1/GDF15. Physiol Res 2018; 67:623-636. [PMID: 29750874 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several members of the TGF-beta family are known to effectively regulate the fate of hematopoietic progenitor cells in a complex and context-dependent manner. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) is a divergent member of the TGF-beta family. This stress-induced cytokine has been proposed to possess immunomodulatory functions and its high expression is often associated with progression of a variety of pathological conditions. GDF15 is also induced by chemotherapy and irradiation. Very few fundamental studies have been published regarding the effect of GDF15 in hematopoiesis. In this study, we analyzed the hematological status of untreated and gamma-irradiated mice deficient for GDF15 as a result of genetic knock-out (KO), in order to clarify the regulatory role of GDF15 in hematopoiesis. Significant differences between GDF15 KO mice and their pertinent WT controls were found in the parameters of blood monocyte numbers, blood platelet size, and distribution width, as well as in the values of bone marrow granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells. Different tendencies of some hematological parameters in the GDF15 KO mice in normal conditions and those under exposure of the mice to ionizing radiation were registered. These findings are discussed in the context of the GDF15 gene function and its lack under conditions of radiation-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hofer
- Department of Molecular Cytology and Cytometry, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic. and Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
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180
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Winkler F. Leukaemia follows a blood-vessel track to enter the nervous system. Nature 2018; 560:35-36. [PMID: 30061642 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-018-05693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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181
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Yao H, Price TT, Cantelli G, Ngo B, Warner MJ, Olivere L, Ridge SM, Jablonski EM, Therrien J, Tannheimer S, McCall CM, Chenn A, Sipkins DA. Leukaemia hijacks a neural mechanism to invade the central nervous system. Nature 2018; 560:55-60. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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182
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Kochanek DM, Ghouse SM, Karbowniczek MM, Markiewski MM. Complementing Cancer Metastasis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1629. [PMID: 30061895 PMCID: PMC6054933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement is an effector of innate immunity and a bridge connecting innate immunity and subsequent adaptive immune responses. It is essential for protection against infections and for orchestrating inflammatory responses. Recent studies have also demonstrated contribution of the complement system to several homeostatic processes that are traditionally not considered to be involved in immunity. Thus, complement regulates homeostasis and immunity. However, dysregulation of this system contributes to several pathologies including inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Unexpectedly, studies of the last decade have also revealed that complement promotes cancer progression. Since the initial discovery of tumor promoting role of complement, numerous preclinical and clinical studies demonstrated contribution of several complement components to regulation of tumor growth through their direct interactions with the corresponding receptors on tumor cells or through suppression of antitumor immunity. Most of this work, however, focused on a role of complement in regulating growth of primary tumors. Only recently, a few studies showed that complement promotes cancer metastasis through its contribution to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the premetastatic niche. This latter work has shown that complement activation and generation of complement effectors including C5a occur in organs that are target for metastasis prior to arrival of the very first tumor cells. C5a through its interactions with C5a receptor 1 inhibits antitumor immunity by activating and recruiting immunosuppressive cells from the bone marrow to the premetastatic niche and by regulating function and self-renewal of pulmonary tissue-resident alveolar macrophages. These new advancements provide additional evidence for multifaceted functions of complement in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Kochanek
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, United States
| | - Shanawaz M Ghouse
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, United States
| | - Magdalena M Karbowniczek
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, United States
| | - Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, United States
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183
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März M, Meyer S, Erb U, Georgikou C, Horstmann MA, Hetjens S, Weiß C, Fallier-Becker P, Vandenhaute E, Ishikawa H, Schroten H, Dürken M, Karremann M. Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia-Conquering the CNS across the choroid plexus. Leuk Res 2018; 71:47-54. [PMID: 30005184 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in relapsing pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), our understanding of CNS invasion is still vague. As lymphoblasts have to overcome the physiological blood-CNS barriers to enter the CNS, we investigated the cellular interactions of lymphoblasts with the choroid plexus (CP) epithelium of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). Both a precurser B cell ALL (pB-ALL) cell line (SD-1) and a T cell ALL (T-ALL) cell line (P12-Ishikawa) were able to actively cross the CP epithelium in a human in vitro model. We could illustrate a transcellular and (supposedly) paracellular transmigration by 3-dimensional immunofluorescence microscopy as well as electron microscopy. Chemotactic stimulation with CXCL12 during this process led to a significantly increased transmigration and blocking CXCL12/CXCR4-signaling by the CXCR4-inhibitor AMD3100 inhibited this effect. However, CXCR4 expression in primary ALL samples did not correlate to CNS disease, indicating that CXCR4-driven CNS invasion across the BCSFB might be a general property of pediatric ALL. Notably, we present a unique in vitro BCSFB model suitable to study CNS invasion of lymphoblasts in a human setting, providing the opportunity to investigate experimental variables, which may determine CNS disease childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin März
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Svenja Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrike Erb
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christina Georgikou
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin A Horstmann
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center and Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Svetlana Hetjens
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Biomathematics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christel Weiß
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Biomathematics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Petra Fallier-Becker
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elodie Vandenhaute
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE, EA 2465), Faculté des Sciences Jean Perrin, Université d'Artois, Lens, France
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Department of NDU Life Sciences, Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry, Chyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Horst Schroten
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Dürken
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Karremann
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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184
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Assi HI, Mahmoud T, Saadeh FS, El Darsa H. Management of leptomeningeal metastasis in breast cancer. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2018; 172:151-159. [PMID: 30015053 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), which occurs when malignant cells spread to the central nervous system, is becoming an increasingly common complication in patients with breast cancer. Diagnosis and treatment of LM is challenging. Moreover, prognosis of patients with LM is poor, with a median survival of 6 months after diagnosis. This review highlights the strengths and limitations of currently available diagnostic tools and therapies for LM. The current treatments for LM, including radiotherapy, systemic therapy, and intrathecal treatment, aim to maintain the quality of life of patients by correcting neurological deficits and arresting neurological degeneration. However, there is no standardized therapy for LM because of a lack of randomized trials on this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem I Assi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon.
| | - Tala Mahmoud
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Lebanon.
| | - Fadi S Saadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Haidar El Darsa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon.
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185
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Kolev M, Markiewski MM. Targeting complement-mediated immunoregulation for cancer immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 2018; 37:85-97. [PMID: 29454575 PMCID: PMC5984681 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Complement was initially discovered as an assembly of plasma proteins "complementing" the cytolytic activity of antibodies. However, our current knowledge places this complex system of several plasma proteins, receptors, and regulators in the center of innate immunity as a bridge between the initial innate responses and adaptive immune reactions. Consequently, complement appears to be pivotal for elimination of pathogens, not only as an early response defense, but by directing the subsequent adaptive immune response. The discovery of functional intracellular complement and its roles in cellular metabolism opened novel avenues for research and potential therapeutic implications. The recent studies demonstrating immunoregulatory functions of complement in the tumor microenvironment and the premetastatic niche shifted the paradigm on our understanding of functions of the complement system in regulating immunity. Several complement proteins, through their interaction with cells in the tumor microenvironment and in metastasis-targeted organs, contribute to modulating tumor growth, antitumor immunity, angiogenesis, and therefore, the overall progression of malignancy and, perhaps, responsiveness of cancer to different therapies. Here, we focus on recent progress in our understanding of immunostimulatory vs. immunoregulatory functions of complement and potential applications of these findings to the design of novel therapies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolev
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, DIR, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States.
| | - Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, United States.
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186
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Olcina MM, Kim RK, Melemenidis S, Graves EE, Giaccia AJ. The tumour microenvironment links complement system dysregulation and hypoxic signalling. Br J Radiol 2018; 92:20180069. [PMID: 29544344 PMCID: PMC6435069 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an innate immune pathway typically thought of as part of the first line of defence against “non-self” species. In the context of cancer, complement has been described to have an active role in facilitating cancer-associated processes such as increased proliferation, angiogenesis and migration. Several cellular members of the tumour microenvironment express and/or produce complement proteins locally, including tumour cells. Dysregulation of the complement system has been reported in numerous tumours and increased expression of complement activation fragments in cancer patient specimens correlates with poor patient prognosis. Importantly, genetic or pharmacological targeting of complement has been shown to reduce tumour growth in several cancer preclinical models, suggesting that complement could be an attractive therapeutic target. Hypoxia (low oxygen) is frequently found in solid tumours and has a profound biological impact on cellular and non-cellular components of the tumour microenvironment. In this review, we focus on hypoxia since this is a prevailing feature of the tumour microenvironment that, like increased complement, is typically associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, interesting links between hypoxia and complement have been recently proposed but never collectively reviewed. Here, we explore how hypoxia alters regulation of complement proteins in different cellular components of the tumour microenvironment, as well as the downstream biological consequences of this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Olcina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ryan K Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Edward E Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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187
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Tanner K. Perspective: The role of mechanobiology in the etiology of brain metastasis. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:031801. [PMID: 31069312 PMCID: PMC6324204 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor latency and dormancy are obstacles to effective cancer treatment. In brain
metastases, emergence of a lesion can occur at varying intervals from diagnosis
and in some cases following successful treatment of the primary tumor. Genetic
factors that drive brain metastases have been identified, such as those involved
in cell adhesion, signaling, extravasation, and metabolism. From this wealth of
knowledge, vexing questions still remain; why is there a difference in strategy
to facilitate outgrowth and why is there a difference in latency? One missing
link may be the role of tissue biophysics of the brain microenvironment in
infiltrating cells. Here, I discuss the mechanical cues that may influence
disseminated tumor cells in the brain, as a function of age and disease. I
further discuss in vitro and in vivo
preclinical models such as 3D culture systems and zebrafish to study the role of
the mechanical environment in brain metastasis in an effort of providing novel
targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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188
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Changing the standard of care for treating melanoma brain metastases. Lancet Oncol 2018; 19:589-591. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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189
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Valiente M, Ahluwalia MS, Boire A, Brastianos PK, Goldberg SB, Lee EQ, Le Rhun E, Preusser M, Winkler F, Soffietti R. The Evolving Landscape of Brain Metastasis. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:176-196. [PMID: 29506669 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis, involving the spread of systemic cancer to the brain, results in neurologic disability and death. Current treatments are largely palliative in nature; improved therapeutic approaches represent an unmet clinical need. However, recent experimental and clinical advances challenge the bleak long-term outcome of this disease. Encompassing key recent findings in epidemiology, genetics, microenvironment, leptomeningeal disease, neurocognition, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and prophylaxis, we review preclinical and clinical studies to provide a comprehensive picture of contemporary research and the management of secondary brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Valiente
- Brain Metastasis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Brain Metastasis Research Program, Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, 44195 Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Adrienne Boire
- Department of Neurology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, 10065 New York, NY, USA
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine; Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street Boston, 02114 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah B Goldberg
- Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eudocia Q Lee
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, 02215 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emilie Le Rhun
- Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Lille, Salengro Hospital, Rue Emile Laine, 59037 Lille, France; Neurology, Department of Medical Oncology, Oscar Lambret Center, 59020 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1192, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Department of Neurology and Brain Tumor Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, CNS Unit (CCC-CNS), Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Soffietti
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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190
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Kabraji S, Ni J, Lin NU, Xie S, Winer EP, Zhao JJ. Drug Resistance in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Brain Metastases: Blame the Barrier or the Brain? Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:1795-1804. [PMID: 29437794 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The brain is the most common site of first metastasis for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated with HER2-targeting drugs. However, the development of effective therapies for breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) is limited by an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms governing drug sensitivity in the central nervous system. Pharmacodynamic data from patients and in vivo models suggest that inadequate drug penetration across the "blood-tumor" barrier is not the whole story. Using HER2-positive BCBMs as a case study, we highlight recent data from orthotopic brain metastasis models that implicate brain-specific drug resistance mechanisms in BCBMs and suggest a translational research paradigm to guide drug development for treatment of BCBMs. Clin Cancer Res; 24(8); 1795-804. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheheryar Kabraji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy U Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shaozhen Xie
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric P Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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191
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Treatment options for leptomeningeal metastases are expanding with greater tolerability and efficacy than in the past. Improved knowledge of molecular subtypes of some cancers can guide in choosing more effective therapeutic options; however, physicians should be mindful that these molecular types can be different in the central nervous system compared to the rest of the body. This is particularly true in breast and lung cancer, in which some patients now can live for many months or even years after diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases. Options for intrathecal therapies are expanding, but physicians should be mindful that this is a passive delivery system that relies on normal CSF flow, so therapies will not penetrate bulky or parenchymal disease sites, especially in the presence of abnormal CSF flow. When chemotherapeutic options are lacking or unsuccessful, focal radiosurgery which can provide symptomatic relief and proton craniospinal radiation remain effective options. Hopefully more formal studies will be conducted in the future to verify which treatments are indeed most effective for particular types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome J Graber
- Department of Neurology, Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, 98122-4470, USA.
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
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192
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Wang N, Bertalan MS, Brastianos PK. Leptomeningeal metastasis from systemic cancer: Review and update on management. Cancer 2018; 124:21-35. [PMID: 29165794 PMCID: PMC7418844 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastasis is an uncommon and typically late complication of cancer with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Diagnosis is often challenging, with nonspecific presenting symptoms ranging from headache and confusion to focal neurologic deficits, such as cranial nerve palsies. Standard diagnostic evaluation involves a neurologic examination, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine with gadolinium, and cytologic evaluation of the cerebral spinal fluid. Therapy entails a multimodal approach focused on palliation with surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy, which may be administered systemically or directly into the cerebral spinal fluid. Limited trial data exist to guide treatment, and current regimens are based primarily on expert opinion. Although newer targeted and immunotherapeutic agents are under investigation and have shown promise, an improved understanding of the biology of leptomeningeal metastasis and treatment resistance as well as additional randomized controlled studies are needed to guide the optimal treatment of this devastating disease. Cancer 2018;124:21-35. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Wang
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mia S Bertalan
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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193
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Reis ES, Mastellos DC, Ricklin D, Mantovani A, Lambris JD. Complement in cancer: untangling an intricate relationship. Nat Rev Immunol 2018; 18:5-18. [PMID: 28920587 PMCID: PMC5816344 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In tumour immunology, complement has traditionally been considered as an adjunctive component that enhances the cytolytic effects of antibody-based immunotherapies, such as rituximab. Remarkably, research in the past decade has uncovered novel molecular mechanisms linking imbalanced complement activation in the tumour microenvironment with inflammation and suppression of antitumour immune responses. These findings have prompted new interest in manipulating the complement system for cancer therapy. This Review summarizes our current understanding of complement-mediated effector functions in the tumour microenvironment, focusing on how complement activation can act as a negative or positive regulator of tumorigenesis. It also offers insight into clinical aspects, including the feasibility of using complement biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and the use of complement inhibitors during cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edimara S Reis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania 19104, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center and Humanitas University, Rozzano-Milan 20089, Italy
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania 19104, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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194
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Wasilewski D, Priego N, Fustero-Torre C, Valiente M. Reactive Astrocytes in Brain Metastasis. Front Oncol 2017; 7:298. [PMID: 29312881 PMCID: PMC5732246 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis, the secondary growth of malignant cells within the central nervous system (CNS), exceeds the incidence of primary brain tumors (i.e., gliomas) by tenfold and are seemingly on the rise owing to the emergence of novel targeted therapies that are more effective in controlling extracranial disease relatively to intracranial lesions. Despite the fact that metastasis to the brain poses a unmet clinical problem, with afflicted patients carrying significant morbidity and a fatal prognosis, our knowledge as to how metastatic cells manage to adapt to the tissue environment of the CNS remains limited. Answering this question could pave the way for novel and more specific therapeutic modalities in brain metastasis by targeting the specific makeup of the brain metastatic niche. In regard to this, astrocytes have emerged as the major host cell type that cancer cells encounter and interact with during brain metastasis formation. Similarly to other CNS disorders, astrocytes become reactive and respond to the presence of cancer cells by changing their phenotype and significantly influencing the outcome of disseminated cancer cells within the CNS. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the contribution of reactive astrocytes in brain metastasis by focusing on the signaling pathways and types of interactions that play a crucial part in the communication with cancer cells and how these could be translated into innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wasilewski
- Brain Metastasis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Neibla Priego
- Brain Metastasis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Fustero-Torre
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Valiente
- Brain Metastasis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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195
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Ajona D, Ortiz-Espinosa S, Pio R. Complement anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a: Emerging roles in cancer progression and treatment. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 85:153-163. [PMID: 29155219 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights into the role of complement anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a in cancer provide new opportunities for the development of innovative biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. These two complement activation products can maintain chronic inflammation, promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment, induce angiogenesis, and increase the motility and metastatic potential of cancer cells. Still, the diverse heterogeneity of responses mediated by these peptides poses a challenge both to our understanding of the role played by these molecules in cancer progression and to the development of effective treatments. This review attempts to summarize the evidence surrounding the involvement of anaphylatoxins in the biological contexts associated with tumor progression. We also describe the recent developments that support the inhibition of anaphylatoxins, or their cognate receptors C3aR and C5aR1, as a treatment option for maximizing the clinical efficacy of current immunotherapies that target the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ajona
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain; University of Navarra, School of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Ortiz-Espinosa
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain; University of Navarra, School of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain; University of Navarra, School of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pamplona, Spain.
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196
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Hajishengallis G, Reis ES, Mastellos DC, Ricklin D, Lambris JD. Novel mechanisms and functions of complement. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:1288-1298. [PMID: 29144501 PMCID: PMC5706779 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Progress at the beginning of the 21st century transformed the perception of complement from that of a blood-based antimicrobial system to that of a global regulator of immunity and tissue homeostasis. More recent years have witnessed remarkable advances in structure-function insights and understanding of the mechanisms and locations of complement activation, which have added new layers of complexity to the biology of complement. This complexity is readily reflected by the multifaceted and contextual involvement of complement-driven networks in a wide range of inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. This Review provides an updated view of new and previously unanticipated functions of complement and how these affect immunity and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edimara S Reis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dimitrios C Mastellos
- Division of Biodiagnostic Sciences and Technologies, INRASTES, National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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197
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Singh M, Bakhshinyan D, Venugopal C, Singh SK. Preclinical Modeling and Therapeutic Avenues for Cancer Metastasis to the Central Nervous System. Front Oncol 2017; 7:220. [PMID: 28971065 PMCID: PMC5609558 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the dissemination of cells from the primary tumor to other locations within the body, and continues to be the predominant cause of death among cancer patients. Metastatic progression within the adult central nervous system is 10 times more frequent than primary brain tumors. Metastases affecting the brain parenchyma and leptomeninges are associated with grave prognosis, and even after successful control of the primary tumor the median survival is a dismal 2-3 months with treatment options typically limited to palliative care. Current treatment options for brain metastases (BM) and disseminated brain tumors are scarce, and the improvement of novel targeted therapies requires a broader understanding of the biological complexity that characterizes metastatic progression. In this review, we provide insight into patterns of BM progression and leptomeningeal spread, outlining the development of clinically relevant in vivo models and their contribution to the discovery of innovative cancer therapies. In vivo models paired with manipulation of in vitro methods have expanded the tools available for investigators to develop agents that can be used to prevent or treat metastatic disease. The knowledge gained from the use of such models can ultimately lead to the prevention of metastatic dissemination and can extend patient survival by transforming a uniformly fatal systemic disease into a locally controlled and eminently more treatable one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Singh
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David Bakhshinyan
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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198
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López-Soto A, Gonzalez S, Smyth MJ, Galluzzi L. Control of Metastasis by NK Cells. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:135-154. [PMID: 28810142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The metastatic spread of malignant cells to distant anatomical locations is a prominent cause of cancer-related death. Metastasis is governed by cancer-cell-intrinsic mechanisms that enable neoplastic cells to invade the local microenvironment, reach the circulation, and colonize distant sites, including the so-called epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, metastasis is regulated by microenvironmental and systemic processes, such as immunosurveillance. Here, we outline the cancer-cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors that regulate metastasis, discuss the key role of natural killer (NK) cells in the control of metastatic dissemination, and present potential therapeutic approaches to prevent or target metastatic disease by harnessing NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López-Soto
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Segundo Gonzalez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology of Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, 75006 Paris, France.
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199
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Hawksworth OA, Li XX, Coulthard LG, Wolvetang EJ, Woodruff TM. New concepts on the therapeutic control of complement anaphylatoxin receptors. Mol Immunol 2017; 89:36-43. [PMID: 28576324 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is a pivotal driver of innate immunity, coordinating the host response to protect against pathogens. At the heart of the complement response lie the active fragments, C3a and C5a, acting through their specific receptors, C3aR, C5aR1, and C5aR2, to direct the cellular response to inflammation. Their potent function however, places them at risk of damaging the host, with aberrant C3a and C5a signaling activity linked to a wide range of disorders of inflammatory, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative etiologies. As such, the therapeutic control of these receptors represents an attractive drug target, though, the realization of this clinical potential remains limited. With the success of eculizumab, and the progression of a number of novel C5a-C5aR1 targeted drugs to phase II and III clinical trials, there is great promise for complement therapeutics in future clinical practice. In contrast, the toolbox of drugs available to modulate C3aR and C5aR2 signaling remains limited, however, the emergence of new selective ligands and molecular tools, and an increased understanding of the function of these receptors in disease, has highlighted their unique potential for clinical applications. This review provides an update on the growing arsenal of drugs now available to target C5, and C5a and C3a receptor signaling, and discusses their utility in both clinical and pre-clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen A Hawksworth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia; Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Xaria X Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Liam G Coulthard
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.
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200
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