151
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Han A, Purwin TJ, Bechtel N, Liao C, Chua V, Seifert E, Sato T, Schug ZT, Speicher DW, Harbour JW, Aplin AE. BAP1 mutant uveal melanoma is stratified by metabolic phenotypes with distinct vulnerability to metabolic inhibitors. Oncogene 2021; 40:618-632. [PMID: 33208912 PMCID: PMC7856044 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell metabolism is a targetable vulnerability; however, a precise understanding of metabolic heterogeneity is required. Inactivating mutations in BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) are associated with metastasis in uveal melanoma (UM), the deadliest adult eye cancer. BAP1 functions in UM remain unclear. UM patient sample analysis divided BAP1 mutant UM tumors into two subgroups based on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) gene expression suggesting metabolic heterogeneity. Consistent with patient data, transcriptomic analysis of BAP1 mutant UM cell lines also showed OXPHOShigh or OXPHOSlow subgroups. Integrated RNA sequencing, metabolomics, and molecular analyses showed that OXPHOShigh BAP1 mutant UM cells utilize glycolytic and nucleotide biosynthesis pathways, whereas OXPHOSlow BAP1 mutant UM cells employ fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, the two subgroups responded to different classes of metabolic suppressors. Our findings indicate that targeting cancer metabolism is a promising therapeutic option for BAP1 mutant UM; however, tailored approaches may be required due to metabolic heterogeneities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Han
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Timothy J Purwin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Nelisa Bechtel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Connie Liao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Vivian Chua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Erin Seifert
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Zachary T Schug
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David W Speicher
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J William Harbour
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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152
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Bhatia S, Thompson EW, Gunter JH. Studying the Metabolism of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity Using the Seahorse XFe96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2179:327-340. [PMID: 32939731 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0779-4_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of metabolism in facilitating cancer cell growth and survival has been demonstrated by a combination of methods including, but not limited to, genomic sequencing, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, measurements of radio-labelled substrate flux and the high throughput measurement of oxidative metabolism in unlabelled live cells using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux (XF) technology. These studies have revealed that tumour cells exhibit a dynamic metabolic plasticity, using numerous pathways including both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to support cell proliferation, energy production and the synthesis of biomass. These advanced technologies have also demonstrated metabolic differences between cancer cell types, between molecular subtypes within cancers and between cell states. This has been exemplified by examining the transitions of cancer cells between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, referred to as epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). A growing number of studies are demonstrating significant metabolic alterations associated with these transitions, such as increased use of glycolysis by triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) or glutamine addiction in lung cancer. Models of EMP, including invasive cell lines and xenografts, isolated circulating tumour cells and metastatic tissue have been used to examine EMP metabolism. Understanding the metabolism supporting molecular and cellular plasticity and increased metastatic capacity may reveal metabolic vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically exploited. This chapter describes protocols for using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer (XFe96), which simultaneously performs real-time monitoring of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in living cells. As an example, we compare the metabolic profiles generated from two breast cancer sublines that reflect epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, respectively. We use this example to show how the methodology described can generate bioenergetic results that in turn can be correlated to EMP phenotypes. Normalisation of bioenergetic studies should be considered with respect to cell number, and to potential differences in mitochondrial mass, itself being an important bioenergetics endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Bhatia
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer H Gunter
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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153
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Wersäll OC, Löfstedt L, Govorov I, Mints M, Gabrielson M, Shoshan M. PGC1α and VDAC1 expression in endometrial cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 14:42. [PMID: 33437480 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the ten most common gynecological cancers. As in most cancers, EC tumour progression involves alterations in cellular metabolism and can be associated with, for instance, altered levels of glycolytic enzymes. Mitochondrial functions and proteins are known to serve key roles in tumour metabolism and progression. The transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PGC1α) is a major regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, albeit of varying prognostic value in different cancers. The voltage-dependent anion channel type 1 (VDAC1) regulates apoptosis as well as metabolite import and export over the mitochondrial outer membrane, and is often used for comparative quantification of mitochondrial content. Using immunohistochemistry, the present study examined protein expression levels of PGC1α and VDAC1 in tumour and paired benign tissue samples from 148 patients with EC, in order to examine associations with clinical data, such as stage and grade, Ki-67, p53 status, clinical resistance and overall survival. The expression levels of both PGC1α and VDAC1, as well as a PGC1α downstream effector, were significantly lower in tumor tissues than in benign tissues, suggesting altered mitochondrial function in EC. However, Kaplan-Meier, log rank and Spearman's rank correlation tests revealed that their expression was not correlated with survival and clinical data. Therefore, PGC1α and VDAC1 are not of major prognostic value in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofra Castro Wersäll
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Lina Löfstedt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institute, Solna 171 64, Sweden
| | - Igor Govorov
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.,Institute of Perinatology and Pediatrics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Miriam Mints
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro 701 82, Sweden
| | - Marike Gabrielson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institute, Solna 171 64, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Maria Shoshan
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institute, Solna 171 64, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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154
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Donatienne d'Hose, Danhier P, Northshield H, Isenborghs P, Jordan BF, Gallez B. A versatile EPR toolbox for the simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption and superoxide production. Redox Biol 2020; 40:101852. [PMID: 33418140 PMCID: PMC7804984 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we describe an assay to analyze simultaneously the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and superoxide production in a biological system. The analytical set-up uses electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy with two different isotopically-labelled sensors: 15N-PDT (4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-d16-15N-1-oxyl) as oxygen-sensing probe and 14N-CMH (1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine, a cyclic hydroxylamine, as sensor of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The superoxide contribution to CMH oxidation is assessed using SOD or PEGSOD as controls. Because the EPR spectra are not superimposable, the variation of EPR linewidth of 15N-PDT (linked to OCR) and the formation of the nitroxide from 14N-CMH (linked to superoxide production) can be recorded simultaneously over time on a single preparation. The EPR toolbox was qualified in biological systems of increasing complexity. First, we used an enzymatic assay based on the hypoxanthine (HX)/xanthine oxidase (XO) which is a well described model of oxygen consumption and superoxide production. Second, we used a cellular model of superoxide production using macrophages exposed to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) which stimulates the NADPH oxidase (NOX) to consume oxygen and produce superoxide. Finally, we exposed isolated mitochondria to established inhibitors of the electron transport chain (rotenone and metformin) in order to assess their impact on OCR and superoxide production. This EPR toolbox has the potential to screen the effect of intoxicants or drugs targeting the mitochondrial function. OCR and superoxide production are crucial to assess mitochondrial (dys)function. The EPR toolbox analyzes simultaneously the OCR and superoxide production. The EPR toolbox was validated in enzymatic system, cells and isolated mitochondria. The EPR toolbox has the potential to screen compounds altering mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatienne d'Hose
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Danhier
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies (NEST) Platform, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heidi Northshield
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline Isenborghs
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.
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155
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Wei H, Beeson GC, Ye Z, Zhang J, Yao H, Damon B, Morad M. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling and HIF1α stabilisation alters pluripotency and differentiation/proliferation properties of human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Biol Cell 2020; 113:133-145. [PMID: 33275284 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Wnt/β-catenin signalling, in the microenvironment of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), plays a critical role in their differentiation and proliferation. Contradictory reports on the role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in PSCs self-renewal and differentiation, however, render these mechanisms largely unclear. RESULTS Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) was activated by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), driving the cells into a mesodermal/mesenchymal state, exhibiting proliferative, invasive and anchorage-independent growth properties, where over 70% of cell population became CD 44 (+)/CD133 (+). Wnt/β-catenin signalling activation also altered the metabolic state of hiPSCs from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative metabolism and changed their drug and oxidative stress sensitivities. These effects of GSK3 inhibition were suppressed in HIF1α-stabilised cells. CONCLUSIONS Persistent activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling endows hiPSCs with proliferative/invasive 'teratoma-like' states, shifting their metabolic dependence and allowing HIF1α-stabilisation to inhibit their proliferative/invasive properties. SIGNIFICANCE The hiPSC potential to differentiate into 'teratoma-like' cells suggest that stem cells may exist in two states with differential metabolic and drug dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- Cardiac Signaling Center of University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina, and Clemson University, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Gyda C Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Zhiwei Ye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Hai Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Brooke Damon
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Martin Morad
- Cardiac Signaling Center of University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina, and Clemson University, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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156
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Metabolic regulation of prostate cancer heterogeneity and plasticity. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 82:94-119. [PMID: 33290846 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the main hallmarks of cancer cells. It refers to the metabolic adaptations of tumor cells in response to nutrient deficiency, microenvironmental insults, and anti-cancer therapies. Metabolic transformation during tumor development plays a critical role in the continued tumor growth and progression and is driven by a complex interplay between the tumor mutational landscape, epigenetic modifications, and microenvironmental influences. Understanding the tumor metabolic vulnerabilities might open novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches with the potential to improve the efficacy of current tumor treatments. Prostate cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease harboring different mutations and tumor cell phenotypes. While the increase of intra-tumor genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity is associated with tumor progression, less is known about metabolic regulation of prostate cancer cell heterogeneity and plasticity. This review summarizes the central metabolic adaptations in prostate tumors, state-of-the-art technologies for metabolic analysis, and the perspectives for metabolic targeting and diagnostic implications.
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157
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De Oliveira MP, Liesa M. The Role of Mitochondrial Fat Oxidation in Cancer Cell Proliferation and Survival. Cells 2020; 9:E2600. [PMID: 33291682 PMCID: PMC7761891 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors remodel their metabolism to support anabolic processes needed for replication, as well as to survive nutrient scarcity and oxidative stress imposed by their changing environment. In most healthy tissues, the shift from anabolism to catabolism results in decreased glycolysis and elevated fatty acid oxidation (FAO). This change in the nutrient selected for oxidation is regulated by the glucose-fatty acid cycle, also known as the Randle cycle. Briefly, this cycle consists of a decrease in glycolysis caused by increased mitochondrial FAO in muscle as a result of elevated extracellular fatty acid availability. Closing the cycle, increased glycolysis in response to elevated extracellular glucose availability causes a decrease in mitochondrial FAO. This competition between glycolysis and FAO and its relationship with anabolism and catabolism is conserved in some cancers. Accordingly, decreasing glycolysis to lactate, even by diverting pyruvate to mitochondria, can stop proliferation. Moreover, colorectal cancer cells can effectively shift to FAO to survive both glucose restriction and increases in oxidative stress at the expense of decreasing anabolism. However, a subset of B-cell lymphomas and other cancers require a concurrent increase in mitochondrial FAO and glycolysis to support anabolism and proliferation, thus escaping the competing nature of the Randle cycle. How mitochondria are remodeled in these FAO-dependent lymphomas to preferably oxidize fat, while concurrently sustaining high glycolysis and increasing de novo fatty acid synthesis is unclear. Here, we review studies focusing on the role of mitochondrial FAO and mitochondrial-driven lipid synthesis in cancer proliferation and survival, specifically in colorectal cancer and lymphomas. We conclude that a specific metabolic liability of these FAO-dependent cancers could be a unique remodeling of mitochondrial function that licenses elevated FAO concurrent to high glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis. In addition, blocking this mitochondrial remodeling could selectively stop growth of tumors that shifted to mitochondrial FAO to survive oxidative stress and nutrient scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Pinto De Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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158
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Fendt SM, Frezza C, Erez A. Targeting Metabolic Plasticity and Flexibility Dynamics for Cancer Therapy. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1797-1807. [PMID: 33139243 PMCID: PMC7710573 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells continuously rewire their metabolism to fulfill their need for rapid growth and survival while subject to changes in environmental cues. Thus, a vital component of a cancer cell lies in its metabolic adaptability. The constant demand for metabolic alterations requires flexibility, that is, the ability to utilize different metabolic substrates; as well as plasticity, that is, the ability to process metabolic substrates in different ways. In this review, we discuss how dynamic changes in cancer metabolism affect tumor progression and the consequential implications for cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Recognizing cancer dynamic metabolic adaptability as an entity can lead to targeted therapy that is expected to decrease drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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159
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George S, Abrahamse H. Redox Potential of Antioxidants in Cancer Progression and Prevention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111156. [PMID: 33233630 PMCID: PMC7699713 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The benevolent and detrimental effects of antioxidants are much debated in clinical trials and cancer research. Several antioxidant enzymes and molecules are overexpressed in oxidative stress conditions that can damage cellular proteins, lipids, and DNA. Natural antioxidants remove excess free radical intermediates by reducing hydrogen donors or quenching singlet oxygen and delaying oxidative reactions in actively growing cancer cells. These reducing agents have the potential to hinder cancer progression only when administered at the right proportions along with chemo-/radiotherapies. Antioxidants and enzymes affect signal transduction and energy metabolism pathways for the maintenance of cellular redox status. A decline in antioxidant capacity arising from genetic mutations may increase the mitochondrial flux of free radicals resulting in misfiring of cellular signalling pathways. Often, a metabolic reprogramming arising from these mutations in metabolic enzymes leads to the overproduction of so called ’oncometabolites’ in a state of ‘pseudohypoxia’. This can inactivate several of the intracellular molecules involved in epigenetic and redox regulations, thereby increasing oxidative stress giving rise to growth advantages for cancerous cells. Undeniably, these are cell-type and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) specific, which is manifested as changes in the enzyme activation, differences in gene expression, cellular functions as well as cell death mechanisms. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using light-activated photosensitizing molecules that can regulate cellular redox balance in accordance with the changes in endogenous ROS production is a solution for many of these challenges in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajan George
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India;
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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160
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Miyata Y, Mukae Y, Harada J, Matsuda T, Mitsunari K, Matsuo T, Ohba K, Sakai H. Pathological and Pharmacological Roles of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Malignant Neoplasms: Therapies Involving Chemical Compounds, Natural Products, and Photosensitizers. Molecules 2020; 25:E5252. [PMID: 33187225 PMCID: PMC7697499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in cellular processes. Consequently, oxidative stress also affects etiology, progression, and response to therapeutics in various pathological conditions including malignant tumors. Oxidative stress and associated outcomes are often brought about by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of ROS occurs due to dysregulation of homeostasis in an otherwise strictly controlled physiological condition. In fact, intracellular ROS levels are closely associated with the pathological status and outcome of numerous diseases. Notably, mitochondria are recognized as the critical regulator and primary source of ROS. Damage to mitochondria increases mitochondrial ROS (mROS) production, which leads to an increased level of total intracellular ROS. However, intracellular ROS level may not always reflect mROS levels, as ROS is not only produced by mitochondria but also by other organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes. Thus, an evaluation of mROS would help us to recognize the biological and pathological characteristics and predictive markers of malignant tumors and develop efficient treatment strategies. In this review, we describe the pathological significance of mROS in malignant neoplasms. In particular, we show the association of mROS-related signaling in the molecular mechanisms of chemically synthesized and natural chemotherapeutic agents and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.M.); (J.H.); (T.M.); (K.M.); (T.M.); (K.O.); (H.S.)
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161
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Brand MD. Riding the tiger - physiological and pathological effects of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated in the mitochondrial matrix. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:592-661. [PMID: 33148057 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1828258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial matrix superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide concentrations drive a wide range of physiological responses and pathologies. Concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondrial matrix are set mainly by rates of production, the activities of superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) and peroxiredoxin-3 (PRDX3), and by diffusion of hydrogen peroxide to the cytosol. These considerations can be used to generate criteria for assessing whether changes in matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide are both necessary and sufficient to drive redox signaling and pathology: is a phenotype affected by suppressing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production; by manipulating the levels of SOD2, PRDX3 or mitochondria-targeted catalase; and by adding mitochondria-targeted SOD/catalase mimetics or mitochondria-targeted antioxidants? Is the pathology associated with variants in SOD2 and PRDX3 genes? Filtering the large literature on mitochondrial redox signaling using these criteria highlights considerable evidence that mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide drive physiological responses involved in cellular stress management, including apoptosis, autophagy, propagation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular senescence, HIF1α signaling, and immune responses. They also affect cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and the cell cycle. Filtering the huge literature on pathologies highlights strong experimental evidence that 30-40 pathologies may be driven by mitochondrial matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. These can be grouped into overlapping and interacting categories: metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurological diseases; cancer; ischemia/reperfusion injury; aging and its diseases; external insults, and genetic diseases. Understanding the involvement of mitochondrial matrix superoxide and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in these diseases can facilitate the rational development of appropriate therapies.
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162
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A A MA, Ameenudeen S, Kumar A, Hemalatha S, Ahmed N, Ali N, AlAsmari AF, Aashique M, Waseem M. Emerging Role of Mitophagy in Inflammatory Diseases: Cellular and Molecular Episodes. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:485-491. [PMID: 31914907 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200107144810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the crucial regulators for the major source of ATP for different cellular events. Due to damage episodes, mitochondria have been established for a plethora ofalarming signals of stress that lead to cellular deterioration, thereby causing programmed cell death. Defects in mitochondria play a key role in arbitrating pathophysiological machinery with recent evince delineating a constructive role in mitophagy mediated mitochondrial injury. Mitophagy has been known for the eradication of damaged mitochondria via the autophagy process. Mitophagy has been investigated as an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis. Impaired mitophagy has been critically linked with the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism is not quite revealed, and it is still debatable. The purpose of this review was to investigate the possible role of mitophagy and its associated mechanism in inflammation-mediated diseases at both the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Adil A A
- School of Life Sciences, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India.,SSE, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Shabnam Ameenudeen
- School of Life Sciences, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India
| | - S Hemalatha
- School of Life Sciences, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Neesar Ahmed
- School of Life Sciences, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Aashique
- School of Life Sciences, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Mohammad Waseem
- School of Life Sciences, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India
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163
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Dias Amoedo N, Dard L, Sarlak S, Mahfouf W, Blanchard W, Rousseau B, Izotte J, Claverol S, Lacombe D, Rezvani HR, Pierri CL, Rossignol R. Targeting Human Lung Adenocarcinoma with a Suppressor of Mitochondrial Superoxide Production. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:883-902. [PMID: 32475148 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aims: REDOX signaling from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the mitochondria (mitochondrial reactive oxygen species [mtROS]) has been implicated in cancer growth and survival. Here, we investigated the effect of 5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (AOL), a recently characterized member of the new class of mtROS suppressors (S1QELs), on human lung adenocarcinoma proteome reprogramming, bioenergetics, and growth. Results: AOL reduced steady-state cellular ROS levels in human lung cancer cells without altering the catalytic activity of complex I. AOL treatment induced dose-dependent inhibition of lung cancer cell proliferation and triggered a reduction in tumor growth in vivo. Molecular investigations demonstrated that AOL reprogrammed the proteome of human lung cancer cells. In particular, AOL suppressed the determinants of the Warburg effect and increased the expression of the complex I subunit NDUFV1 which was also identified as AOL binding site using molecular modeling computer simulations. Comparison of the molecular changes induced by AOL and MitoTEMPO, an mtROS scavenger that is not an S1QEL, identified a core component of 217 proteins commonly altered by the two treatments, as well as drug-specific targets. Innovation: This study provides proof-of-concept data on the anticancer effect of AOL on mouse orthotopic human lung tumors. A unique dataset on proteomic reprogramming by AOL and MitoTEMPO is also provided. Lastly, our study revealed the repression of NDUFV1 by S1QEL AOL. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the preclinical anticancer properties of S1QEL AOL and delineate its mode of action on REDOX and cancer signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivea Dias Amoedo
- CELLOMET, Functional Genomics Center (CGFB), Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laetitia Dard
- CELLOMET, Functional Genomics Center (CGFB), Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Saharnaz Sarlak
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Walid Mahfouf
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm, BMGIC, UMR 1035, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Wendy Blanchard
- CELLOMET, Functional Genomics Center (CGFB), Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoît Rousseau
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Transgenic Animal Core Facility, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Izotte
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Transgenic Animal Core Facility, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Claverol
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Proteomics Core Facility, Functional Genomics Center (CGFB), Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,CHU Bordeaux, Haut-Lévèque Hospital, Thoracic Surgery, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hamid Reza Rezvani
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm, BMGIC, UMR 1035, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rodrigue Rossignol
- CELLOMET, Functional Genomics Center (CGFB), Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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164
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Kong H, Reczek CR, McElroy GS, Steinert EM, Wang T, Sabatini DM, Chandel NS. Metabolic determinants of cellular fitness dependent on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/45/eabb7272. [PMID: 33148642 PMCID: PMC7673681 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb7272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mROS) are required for the survival, proliferation, and metastasis of cancer cells. The mechanism by which mitochondrial metabolism regulates mROS levels to support cancer cells is not fully understood. To address this, we conducted a metabolism-focused CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screen and uncovered that loss of genes encoding subunits of mitochondrial complex I was deleterious in the presence of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mito-vitamin E (MVE). Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of mitochondrial complex I in combination with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, MVE or MitoTEMPO, induced a robust integrated stress response (ISR) and markedly diminished cell survival and proliferation in vitro. This was not observed following inhibition of mitochondrial complex III. Administration of MitoTEMPO in combination with the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor phenformin decreased the leukemic burden in a mouse model of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Thus, mitochondrial complex I is a dominant metabolic determinant of mROS-dependent cellular fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Kong
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Colleen R Reczek
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Gregory S McElroy
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Steinert
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tim Wang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - David M Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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165
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Wang Z, Liu F, Fan N, Zhou C, Li D, Macvicar T, Dong Q, Bruns CJ, Zhao Y. Targeting Glutaminolysis: New Perspectives to Understand Cancer Development and Novel Strategies for Potential Target Therapies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:589508. [PMID: 33194749 PMCID: PMC7649373 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.589508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism rewiring is an important hallmark of cancers. Being one of the most abundant free amino acids in the human blood, glutamine supports bioenergetics and biosynthesis, tumor growth, and the production of antioxidants through glutaminolysis in cancers. In glutamine dependent cancer cells, more than half of the tricarboxylic/critic acid (TCA) metabolites are derived from glutamine. Glutaminolysis controls the process of converting glutamine into TCA cycle metabolites through the regulation of multiple enzymes, among which the glutaminase shows the importance as the very first step in this process. Targeting glutaminolysis via glutaminase inhibition emerges as a promising strategy to disrupt cancer metabolism and tumor progression. Here, we review the regulation of glutaminase and the role of glutaminase in cancer metabolism and metastasis. Furthermore, we highlight the glutaminase inhibitor based metabolic therapy strategy and their potential applications in clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefang Wang
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fanyu Liu
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ningbo Fan
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chenghui Zhou
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas Macvicar
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Qiongzhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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166
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Mitochondria at Center of Exchanges between Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts during Tumor Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103017. [PMID: 33080792 PMCID: PMC7603005 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant cells and their supportive associated fibroblasts (CAFs) exchange various molecules that promote energy production, biosynthesis and therapy resistance by modulating mitochondrial activity and dynamics. We herein review molecular exchanges from CAFs to malignant cells that support tumor growth and therapy resistance, and we highlight the crucial role of CAFs mitochondria in this support. This implies (1) reciprocal mitochondrial control by malignant cells and (2) fibroblast activation. Finally, we discuss therapeutic strategies that could improve current therapies by targeting mitochondrial-mediated dialogue between the two cell types. Abstract Resistance of solid cancer cells to chemotherapies and targeted therapies is not only due to the mutational status of cancer cells but also to the concurring of stromal cells of the tumor ecosystem, such as immune cells, vasculature and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The reciprocal education of cancer cells and CAFs favors tumor growth, survival and invasion. Mitochondrial function control, including the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress and apoptotic stress are crucial for these different tumor progression steps. In this review, we focus on how CAFs participate in cancer progression by modulating cancer cells metabolic functions and mitochondrial apoptosis. We emphasize that mitochondria from CAFs influence their activation status and pro-tumoral effects. We thus advocate that understanding mitochondria-mediated tumor–stroma interactions provides the possibility to consider cancer therapies that improve current treatments by targeting these interactions or mitochondria directly in tumor and/or stromal cells.
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167
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A Perspective on Therapeutic Pan-Resistance in Metastatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197304. [PMID: 33022920 PMCID: PMC7582598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic spread represents the leading cause of disease-related mortality among cancer patients. Many cancer patients suffer from metastatic relapse years or even decades after radical surgery for the primary tumor. This clinical phenomenon is explained by the early dissemination of cancer cells followed by a long period of dormancy. Although dormancy could be viewed as a window of opportunity for therapeutic interventions, dormant disseminated cancer cells and micrometastases, as well as emergent outgrowing macrometastases, exhibit a generalized, innate resistance to chemotherapy and even immunotherapy. This therapeutic pan-resistance, on top of other adaptive responses to targeted agents such as acquired mutations and lineage plasticity, underpins the current difficulties in eradicating cancer. In the present review, we attempt to provide a framework to understand the underlying biology of this major issue.
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168
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Yamada Y, Hibino M, Sasaki D, Abe J, Harashima H. Power of mitochondrial drug delivery systems to produce innovative nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 154-155:187-209. [PMID: 32987095 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria carry out various essential functions including ATP production, the regulation of apoptosis and possess their own genome (mtDNA). Delivering target molecules to this organelle, it would make it possible to control the functions of cells and living organisms and would allow us to develop a better understanding of life. Given the fact that mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in a variety of human disorders, delivering therapeutic molecules to mitochondria for the treatment of these diseases is an important issue. To date, several mitochondrial drug delivery system (DDS) developments have been reported, but a generalized DDS leading to therapy that exclusively targets mitochondria has not been established. This review focuses on mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies including antioxidant therapy, cancer therapy, mitochondrial gene therapy and cell transplantation therapy based on mitochondrial DDS. A particular focus is on nanocarriers for mitochondrial delivery with the goal of achieving mitochondria-targeting therapy. We hope that this review will stimulate the accelerated development of mitochondrial DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Laboratory for Biological Drug Development Based on DDS Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Mitsue Hibino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Laboratory for Biological Drug Development Based on DDS Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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169
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da Veiga Moreira J, Schwartz L, Jolicoeur M. Targeting Mitochondrial Singlet Oxygen Dynamics Offers New Perspectives for Effective Metabolic Therapies of Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:573399. [PMID: 33042846 PMCID: PMC7530255 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.573399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of mitochondrial respiration has allowed evolution toward more complex and advanced life forms. However, its dysfunction is now also seen as the most probable cause of one of the biggest scourges in human health, cancer. Conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, which mainly focus on disrupting the cell division process, have shown being effective in the attenuation of various cancers but also showing significant limits as well as serious sides effects. Indeed, the idea that cancer is a metabolic disease with mitochondria as the central site of the pathology is now emerging, and we provide here a review supporting this "novel" hypothesis re-actualizing past century Otto Warburg's thoughts. Our conclusion, while integrating literature, is that mitochondrial activity and, in particular, the activity of cytochrome c oxidase, complex IV of the ETC, plays a fundamental role in the effectiveness or non-effectiveness of chemotherapy, immunotherapy and probably radiotherapy treatments. We therefore propose that cancer cells mitochondrial singlet oxygen (1O2) dynamics may be an efficient target for metabolic therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorgelindo da Veiga Moreira
- Research Laboratory in Applied Metabolic Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Mario Jolicoeur
- Research Laboratory in Applied Metabolic Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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170
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Fascin Controls Metastatic Colonization and Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation by Remodeling Mitochondrial Actin Filaments. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2824-2836.e8. [PMID: 31509745 PMCID: PMC6759858 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of the actin cytoskeleton has been extensively studied in metastatic dissemination. However, the post-dissemination role of the actin cytoskeleton dysregulation is poorly understood. Here, we report that fascin, an actin-bundling protein, promotes lung cancer metastatic colonization by augmenting metabolic stress resistance and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Fascin is directly recruited to mitochondria under metabolic stress to stabilize mitochondrial actin filaments (mtF-actin). Using unbiased metabolomics and proteomics approaches, we discovered that fascin-mediated mtF-actin remodeling promotes mitochondrial OXPHOS by increasing the biogenesis of respiratory Complex I. Mechanistically, fascin and mtF-actin control the homeostasis of mtDNA to promote mitochondrial OXPHOS. The disruption of mtF-actin abrogates fascin-mediated lung cancer metastasis. Conversely, restoration of mitochondrial respiration by using yeast NDI1 in fascin-depleted cancer cells is able to rescue lung metastasis. Our findings indicate that the dysregulated actin cytoskeleton in metastatic lung cancer could be targeted to rewire mitochondrial metabolism and to prevent metastatic recurrence.
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171
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Benzarti M, Delbrouck C, Neises L, Kiweler N, Meiser J. Metabolic Potential of Cancer Cells in Context of the Metastatic Cascade. Cells 2020; 9:E2035. [PMID: 32899554 PMCID: PMC7563895 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastatic cascade is a highly plastic and dynamic process dominated by cellular heterogeneity and varying metabolic requirements. During this cascade, the three major metabolic pillars, namely biosynthesis, RedOx balance, and bioenergetics, have variable importance. Biosynthesis has superior significance during the proliferation-dominated steps of primary tumour growth and secondary macrometastasis formation and only minor relevance during the growth-independent processes of invasion and dissemination. Consequently, RedOx homeostasis and bioenergetics emerge as conceivable metabolic key determinants in cancer cells that disseminate from the primary tumour. Within this review, we summarise our current understanding on how cancer cells adjust their metabolism in the context of different microenvironments along the metastatic cascade. With the example of one-carbon metabolism, we establish a conceptual view on how the same metabolic pathway can be exploited in different ways depending on the current cellular needs during metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaned Benzarti
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (M.B.); (C.D.); (L.N.); (N.K.)
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2 Avenue de l’Université, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Catherine Delbrouck
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (M.B.); (C.D.); (L.N.); (N.K.)
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2 Avenue de l’Université, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Laura Neises
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (M.B.); (C.D.); (L.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Nicole Kiweler
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (M.B.); (C.D.); (L.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Johannes Meiser
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (M.B.); (C.D.); (L.N.); (N.K.)
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172
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Scheinok S, Capeloa T, Porporato PE, Sonveaux P, Gallez B. An EPR Study Using Cyclic Hydroxylamines To Assess The Level of Mitochondrial ROS in Superinvasive Cancer Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:249-254. [PMID: 32488461 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that a mitochondrial switch involving a high mitochondrial superoxide production is associated with cancer metastasis. We here report an EPR analysis of ROS production using cyclic hydroxylamines in superinvasive SiHa-F3 compared with less invasive SiHa wild-type human cervix cancer cells. Using the CMH probe, no significant difference was observed in the overall level of ROS between SiHa and SiHa-F3 cells. However, using mitochondria-targeted cyclic hydroxylamine probe mitoTEMPO-H, we detected a significantly higher mitochondrial ROS content in SiHa-F3 compared with the wild-type SiHa cells. To investigate the nature of mitochondrial ROS, we overexpressed superoxide dismutase 2, a SOD isoform exclusively localized in mitochondria, in SiHa-F3 superinvasive cells. A significantly lower signal was detected in SiHa-F3 cells overexpressing SOD2 compared with SiHa-F3. Despite some limitations discussed in the paper, our EPR results suggest that mitochondrial ROS (at least partly superoxide) are produced to a larger extent in superinvasive cancer cells compared with less invasive wild-type cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Scheinok
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tania Capeloa
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.
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173
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Frattaruolo L, Brindisi M, Curcio R, Marra F, Dolce V, Cappello AR. Targeting the Mitochondrial Metabolic Network: A Promising Strategy in Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176014. [PMID: 32825551 PMCID: PMC7503725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, which implements a profound metabolic rewiring in order to support a high proliferation rate and to ensure cell survival in its complex microenvironment. Although initial studies considered glycolysis as a crucial metabolic pathway in tumor metabolism reprogramming (i.e., the Warburg effect), recently, the critical role of mitochondria in oncogenesis, tumor progression, and neoplastic dissemination has emerged. In this report, we examined the main mitochondrial metabolic pathways that are altered in cancer, which play key roles in the different stages of tumor progression. Furthermore, we reviewed the function of important molecules inhibiting the main mitochondrial metabolic processes, which have been proven to be promising anticancer candidates in recent years. In particular, inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), heme flux, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), glutaminolysis, mitochondrial dynamics, and biogenesis are discussed. The examined mitochondrial metabolic network inhibitors have produced interesting results in both preclinical and clinical studies, advancing cancer research and emphasizing that mitochondrial targeting may represent an effective anticancer strategy.
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174
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Missiroli S, Perrone M, Genovese I, Pinton P, Giorgi C. Cancer metabolism and mitochondria: Finding novel mechanisms to fight tumours. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102943. [PMID: 32818805 PMCID: PMC7452656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that have essential metabolic activity and are regarded as signalling hubs with biosynthetic, bioenergetics and signalling functions that orchestrate key biological pathways. However, mitochondria can influence all processes linked to oncogenesis, starting from malignant transformation to metastatic dissemination. In this review, we describe how alterations in the mitochondrial metabolic status contribute to the acquisition of typical malignant traits, discussing the most recent discoveries and the many unanswered questions. We also highlight that expanding our understanding of mitochondrial regulation and function mechanisms in the context of cancer cell metabolism could be an important task in biomedical research, thus offering the possibility of targeting mitochondria for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Missiroli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariasole Perrone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Genovese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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175
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Jia D, Paudel BB, Hayford CE, Hardeman KN, Levine H, Onuchic JN, Quaranta V. Drug-Tolerant Idling Melanoma Cells Exhibit Theory-Predicted Metabolic Low-Low Phenotype. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1426. [PMID: 32923395 PMCID: PMC7457027 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells adjust their metabolic profiles to evade treatment. Metabolic adaptation is complex and hence better understood by an integrated theoretical-experimental approach. Using a minimal kinetic model, we predicted a previously undescribed Low/Low (L/L) phenotype, characterized by low oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and low glycolysis. Here, we report that L/L metabolism is observed in BRAF-mutated melanoma cells that enter a drug-tolerant "idling state" upon long-term MAPK inhibition (MAPKi). Consistently, using publicly available RNA-sequencing data of both cell lines and patient samples, we show that melanoma cells decrease their glycolysis and/or OXPHOS activity upon MAPKi and converge toward the L/L phenotype. L/L metabolism is unfavorable for tumor growth, yet supports successful cell division at ~50% rate. Thus, L/L drug-tolerant idling cells are a reservoir for accumulating mutations responsible for relapse, and it should be considered as a target subpopulation for improving MAPKi outcomes in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongya Jia
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - B. Bishal Paudel
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Quantitative Systems Biology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Corey E. Hayford
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Quantitative Systems Biology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Chemical and Physical Biology Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Keisha N. Hardeman
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Quantitative Systems Biology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José N. Onuchic
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vito Quaranta
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Quantitative Systems Biology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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176
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Hayes JD, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Tew KD. Oxidative Stress in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:167-197. [PMID: 32649885 PMCID: PMC7439808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1064] [Impact Index Per Article: 266.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Contingent upon concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence cancer evolution in apparently contradictory ways, either initiating/stimulating tumorigenesis and supporting transformation/proliferation of cancer cells or causing cell death. To accommodate high ROS levels, tumor cells modify sulfur-based metabolism, NADPH generation, and the activity of antioxidant transcription factors. During initiation, genetic changes enable cell survival under high ROS levels by activating antioxidant transcription factors or increasing NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). During progression and metastasis, tumor cells adapt to oxidative stress by increasing NADPH in various ways, including activation of AMPK, the PPP, and reductive glutamine and folate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Hayes
- Division of Cellular Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK, Scotland.
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK, Scotland; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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177
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Li J, Agarwal E, Bertolini I, Seo JH, Caino MC, Ghosh JC, Kossenkov AV, Liu Q, Tang HY, Goldman AR, Languino LR, Speicher DW, Altieri DC. The mitophagy effector FUNDC1 controls mitochondrial reprogramming and cellular plasticity in cancer cells. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/642/eaaz8240. [PMID: 32723812 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz8240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are signaling hubs in eukaryotic cells. Here, we showed that the mitochondrial FUN14 domain-containing protein-1 (FUNDC1), an effector of Parkin-independent mitophagy, also participates in cellular plasticity by sustaining oxidative bioenergetics, buffering ROS production, and supporting cell proliferation. Targeting this pathway in cancer cells suppressed tumor growth but rendered transformed cells more motile and invasive in a manner dependent on ROS-mediated mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial repositioning to the cortical cytoskeleton. Global metabolomics and proteomics profiling identified a FUNDC1 interactome at the mitochondrial inner membrane, comprising the AAA+ protease, LonP1, and subunits of oxidative phosphorylation, complex V (ATP synthase). Independently of its previously identified role in mitophagy, FUNDC1 enabled LonP1 proteostasis, which in turn preserved complex V function and decreased ROS generation. Therefore, mitochondrial reprogramming by a FUNDC1-LonP1 axis controls tumor cell plasticity by switching between proliferative and invasive states in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ekta Agarwal
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Irene Bertolini
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jae Ho Seo
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Cecilia Caino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jagadish C Ghosh
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron R Goldman
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - David W Speicher
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. .,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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178
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Novel Therapeutic Approaches of Ion Channels and Transporters in Cancer. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:45-101. [PMID: 32715321 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The expression and function of many ion channels and transporters in cancer cells display major differences in comparison to those from healthy cells. These differences provide the cancer cells with advantages for tumor development. Accordingly, targeting ion channels and transporters have beneficial anticancer effects including inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, tumor vascularization, and chemotherapy resistance, as well as promoting apoptosis. Some of the molecular mechanisms associating ion channels and transporters with cancer include the participation of oxidative stress, immune response, metabolic pathways, drug synergism, as well as noncanonical functions of ion channels. This diversity of mechanisms offers an exciting possibility to suggest novel and more effective therapeutic approaches to fight cancer. Here, we review and discuss most of the current knowledge suggesting novel therapeutic approaches for cancer therapy targeting ion channels and transporters. The role and regulation of ion channels and transporters in cancer provide a plethora of exceptional opportunities in drug design, as well as novel and promising therapeutic approaches that may be used for the benefit of cancer patients.
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179
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The Multifaceted Pyruvate Metabolism: Role of the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071068. [PMID: 32708919 PMCID: PMC7407832 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, plays a major role in cell metabolism. Produced in the cytosol, it is oxidized in the mitochondria where it fuels the citric acid cycle and boosts oxidative phosphorylation. Its sole entry point into mitochondria is through the recently identified mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). In this review, we report the latest findings on the physiology of the MPC and we discuss how a dysfunctional MPC can lead to diverse pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer.
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180
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García-Heredia JM, Carnero A. Role of Mitochondria in Cancer Stem Cell Resistance. Cells 2020; 9:E1693. [PMID: 32679735 PMCID: PMC7407626 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are associated with the mechanisms of chemoresistance to different cytotoxic drugs or radiotherapy, as well as with tumor relapse and a poor prognosis. Various studies have shown that mitochondria play a central role in these processes because of the ability of this organelle to modify cell metabolism, allowing survival and avoiding apoptosis clearance of cancer cells. Thus, the whole mitochondrial cycle, from its biogenesis to its death, either by mitophagy or by apoptosis, can be targeted by different drugs to reduce mitochondrial fitness, allowing for a restored or increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Once mitochondrial misbalance is induced by a specific drug in any of the processes of mitochondrial metabolism, two elements are commonly boosted: an increment in reactive nitrogen/oxygen species and, subsequently, activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel García-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. de la Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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181
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Yamaguchi H, Taouk GM. A Potential Role of YAP/TAZ in the Interplay Between Metastasis and Metabolic Alterations. Front Oncol 2020; 10:928. [PMID: 32596154 PMCID: PMC7300268 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) and Transcriptional Co-activator with PDZ-binding Motif (TAZ) are the downstream effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway that play a crucial role in various aspects of cancer progression including metastasis. Metastasis is the multistep process of disseminating cancer cells in a body and responsible for the majority of cancer-related death. Emerging evidence has shown that cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to gain proliferation, invasion, migration, and anti-apoptotic abilities and adapt to various environment during metastasis. Moreover, it has increasingly been recognized that YAP/TAZ regulates cellular metabolism that is associated with the phenotypic changes, and recent studies suggest that the YAP/TAZ-mediated metabolic alterations contribute to metastasis. In this review, we will introduce the latest knowledge of YAP/TAZ regulation and function in cancer metastasis and metabolism, and discuss possible links between the YAP/TAZ-mediated metabolic reprogramming and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Cancer Research Center, College of Health and Life Sciences, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghina M Taouk
- Cancer Research Center, College of Health and Life Sciences, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
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182
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Hua W, Ten Dijke P, Kostidis S, Giera M, Hornsveld M. TGFβ-induced metabolic reprogramming during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2103-2123. [PMID: 31822964 PMCID: PMC7256023 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the most frequent cause of death in cancer patients. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process in which cells lose epithelial integrity and become motile, a critical step for cancer cell invasion, drug resistance and immune evasion. The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling pathway is a major driver of EMT. Increasing evidence demonstrates that metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer and extensive metabolic changes are observed during EMT. The aim of this review is to summarize and interconnect recent findings that illustrate how changes in glycolysis, mitochondrial, lipid and choline metabolism coincide and functionally contribute to TGFβ-induced EMT. We describe TGFβ signaling is involved in stimulating both glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Interestingly, the subsequent metabolic consequences for the redox state and lipid metabolism in cancer cells are found to be in favor of EMT as well. Combined we illustrate that a better understanding of the mechanistic links between TGFβ signaling, cancer metabolism and EMT holds promising strategies for cancer therapy, some of which are already actively being explored in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Hua
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sarantos Kostidis
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Hornsveld
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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183
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Shen CJ, Chang KY, Lin BW, Lin WT, Su CM, Tsai JP, Liao YH, Hung LY, Chang WC, Chen BK. Oleic acid-induced NOX4 is dependent on ANGPTL4 expression to promote human colorectal cancer metastasis. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:7083-7099. [PMID: 32641980 PMCID: PMC7330862 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and related mortality are highly associated with metabolic disorders. However, the molecular mechanism involved in the regulation of hyperlipidemia-associated CRC metastasis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) on NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which might provide new targets for improving outcomes in patients with hyperlipidemia-associated CRC metastasis. Methods: The clinical relevance of relationship between NOX4 expression and ANGPTL4 was examined in CRC patients by the Oncomine and TCGA data set. Expressions of NOX4, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and gene regulation of NOX4 in free fatty acids (FFAs)-treated CRC cells were determined. The FFAs-triggered metastatic ability of CRC cells under treatments of antioxidants or knockdown of NOX4, ANGPTL4, and MMPs was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In addition, effects of antioxidants and depletion of metastasis-associated molecules on the correlation between ROS production and FFAs-promoted CRC metastasis were also clarified. Results: In this study, we found that the induction of NOX4, followed by the increased ROS was essential for oleic acid (OA)-promoted CRC cell metastasis. The depletion of ANGPTL4 significantly inhibited c-Jun-mediated transactivation of NOX4 expression, accompanied with reduced levels of ROS, MMP-1, and MMP-9, resulting in the disruption of OA-promoted CRC cell metastasis. Moreover, knockdown of ANGPTL4, NOX4, MMP-1, and MMP-9 or the treatment of antioxidants dramatically inhibited circulating OA-enhanced tumor cell extravasation and metastatic seeding of tumor cells in lungs, indicating that the ANGPTL4/NOX4 axis was critical for dyslipidemia-associated tumor metastasis. Conclusion: The coincident expression of NOX4 and ANGPTL4 in CRC tumor specimens provides the insight into the potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of dyslipidemia-associated CRC metastasis.
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184
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Li Z, Sun X. Non-Coding RNAs Operate in the Crosstalk Between Cancer Metabolic Reprogramming and Metastasis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:810. [PMID: 32547948 PMCID: PMC7273922 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis, the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to a secondary site, represents one of the hallmarks of malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-related death. The process of metastasis is a result of the interaction of genetic heterogeneity, abnormal metabolism, and tumor microenvironments. On the other hand, metabolic reprogramming, another malignancy hallmark, refers to the ability of cancer cells to alter metabolic and nutrient acquisition modes in order to support the energy demands for accomplishing the rapid growth, dissemination, and colonization. Cancer cells remodel metabolic patterns to supplement nutrients for their metastasis and also undergo metabolic adjustments at different stages of metastasis. Genes and signaling pathways involved in tumor metabolic reprogramming crosstalk with those participating in metastasis. Non-coding RNAs are a group of RNA molecules that do not code proteins but have pivotal biological functions. Some of microRNAs and lncRNAs, which are the two most extensively studied non-coding RNAs, have been identified to participate in regulating metabolic remodeling of glucose, lipid, glutamine, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial respiration, as well as the process of metastasis involving cell motility, transit in the circulation and growth at a new site. This article reviews recent progress on non-coding RNAs operating in the crosstalk between tumor metabolic reprogramming and metastasis, particularly those influencing metastasis through regulating metabolism, and the underlying mechanisms of how they exert their regulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Li
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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185
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Ebrahimi SO, Reiisi S, Shareef S. miRNAs, oxidative stress, and cancer: A comprehensive and updated review. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8812-8825. [PMID: 32394436 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to elevated levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS homeostasis functions as a signaling pathway for normal cell survival and appropriate cell signaling. Chronic inflammation induced by imbalanced levels of ROS contributes to many diseases and different types of cancer. ROS can alter the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes through epigenetic modifications, transcription factors, and non-coding RNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a key role in most biological pathways. Each miRNA regulates hundreds of target genes by inhibiting protein translation and/or promoting messenger RNA degradation. In normal conditions, miRNAs play a physiological role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, different factors that can dysregulate cell signaling and cellular homeostasis can also affect miRNA expression. The alteration of miRNA expression can work against disturbing factors or mediate their effects. Oxidative stress is one of these factors. Considering the complex interplay between ROS level and miRNA regulation and both of these with cancer development, we review the role of miRNAs in cancer, focusing on their function in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Omar Ebrahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Somayeh Reiisi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Salar Shareef
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Sciences, University of Raparin, Ranya, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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186
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Abstract
The rediscovery and reinterpretation of the Warburg effect in the year 2000 occulted for almost a decade the key functions exerted by mitochondria in cancer cells. Until recent times, the scientific community indeed focused on constitutive glycolysis as a hallmark of cancer cells, which it is not, largely ignoring the contribution of mitochondria to the malignancy of oxidative and glycolytic cancer cells, being Warburgian or merely adapted to hypoxia. In this review, we highlight that mitochondria are not only powerhouses in some cancer cells, but also dynamic regulators of life, death, proliferation, motion and stemness in other types of cancer cells. Similar to the cells that host them, mitochondria are capable to adapt to tumoral conditions, and probably to evolve to ‘oncogenic mitochondria' capable of transferring malignant capacities to recipient cells. In the wider quest of metabolic modulators of cancer, treatments have already been identified targeting mitochondria in cancer cells, but the field is still in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Grasso
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luca X Zampieri
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tânia Capelôa
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Justine A Van de Velde
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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187
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Qi M, Pan H, Shen H, Xia X, Wu C, Han X, He X, Tong W, Wang X, Wang Q. Nanogel Multienzyme Mimics Synthesized by Biocatalytic ATRP and Metal Coordination for Bioresponsive Fluorescence Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11748-11753. [PMID: 32243658 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The design of enzyme mimics from stable and nonprotein systems is especially attractive for applications in highly specific cancer diagnosis and treatment, and it has become an emerging field in recent years. Herein, metal crosslinked polymeric nanogels (MPGs) were prepared using FeII ion coordinated biocompatible acryloyl-lysine polymer brushes obtained from an enzyme-catalyzed atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRPase) method. The monoatomic and highly dispersed Fe ions in the MPGs serve as efficient crosslinkers of the gel network, and also as active centers of multienzyme mimics of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD). The catalytic activities were compared to those of conventional Fe-based nanozymes. Studies on both cells and animals verify that efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive biofluorescence imaging can be successfully realized using the MPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Qi
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Hui Pan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Hongdou Shen
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xianmeng Xia
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Chu Wu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoke Han
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xingyue He
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Wei Tong
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Qigang Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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188
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Qi M, Pan H, Shen H, Xia X, Wu C, Han X, He X, Tong W, Wang X, Wang Q. Nanogel Multienzyme Mimics Synthesized by Biocatalytic ATRP and Metal Coordination for Bioresponsive Fluorescence Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Qi
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Hui Pan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Hongdou Shen
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Xianmeng Xia
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Chu Wu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoke Han
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Xingyue He
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Wei Tong
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences 350 Shushanhu Road Hefei 230031 P. R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Qigang Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
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189
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The Double-Faced Role of Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species in Solid Tumors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050374. [PMID: 32365852 PMCID: PMC7278755 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbed redox homeostasis represents a hallmark of cancer phenotypes, affecting cellular metabolism and redox signaling. Since reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are involved in regulation of proliferation and apoptosis, they may play a double-faced role in cancer, entailing protumorigenic and tumor-suppressing effects in early and later stages, respectively. In addition, ROS and RNS impact the activity and communication of all tumor constituents, mediating their reprogramming from anti- to protumorigenic phenotypes, and vice versa. An important role in this dichotomic action is played by the variable amounts of O2 in the tumor microenvironment, which dictates the ultimate outcome of the influence of ROS/RNS on carcinogenesis. Moreover, ROS/RNS levels remarkably influence the cancer response to therapy. The relevance of ROS/RNS signaling in solid tumors is witnessed by the emergence of novel targeted treatments of solid tumors with compounds that target ROS/RNS action and production, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, which might contribute to the complexity of redox regulation in cancer. Prospectively, the dual role of ROS/RNS in the different stages of tumorigenesis through different impact on oxidation and nitrosylation may also allow development of tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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190
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Cassim S, Vučetić M, Ždralević M, Pouyssegur J. Warburg and Beyond: The Power of Mitochondrial Metabolism to Collaborate or Replace Fermentative Glycolysis in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051119. [PMID: 32365833 PMCID: PMC7281550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A defining hallmark of tumor phenotypes is uncontrolled cell proliferation, while fermentative glycolysis has long been considered as one of the major metabolic pathways that allows energy production and provides intermediates for the anabolic growth of cancer cells. Although such a vision has been crucial for the development of clinical imaging modalities, it has become now evident that in contrast to prior beliefs, mitochondria play a key role in tumorigenesis. Recent findings demonstrated that a full genetic disruption of the Warburg effect of aggressive cancers does not suppress but instead reduces tumor growth. Tumor growth then relies exclusively on functional mitochondria. Besides having fundamental bioenergetic functions, mitochondrial metabolism indeed provides appropriate building blocks for tumor anabolism, controls redox balance, and coordinates cell death. Hence, mitochondria represent promising targets for the development of novel anti-cancer agents. Here, after revisiting the long-standing Warburg effect from a historic and dynamic perspective, we review the role of mitochondria in cancer with particular attention to the cancer cell-intrinsic/extrinsic mechanisms through which mitochondria influence all steps of tumorigenesis, and briefly discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial metabolism for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamir Cassim
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Milica Vučetić
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
| | - Maša Ždralević
- Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d’Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, 06189 Nice, France;
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
- Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d’Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, 06189 Nice, France;
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.P.)
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191
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Hunter CA, Koc H, Koc EC. c-Src kinase impairs the expression of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes in liver cancer. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109651. [PMID: 32335258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) play a crucial role in the regulation of multiple cellular pathways, including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Aberrant activities of one of the most predominant SFKs, c-Src, was identified as a fundamental cause for dysfunctional cell signaling and implicated in cancer development and metastasis, especially in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent work in our laboratory revealed that c-Src is implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism in cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of c-Src expression on mitochondrial energy metabolism by examining changes in the expression and activities of OXPHOS complexes in liver cancer biopsies and cell lines. An increased expression of c-Src was correlated with an impaired expression of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded subunits of OXPHOS complexes I and IV, respectively, in metastatic biopsies and cell lines. Additionally, we observed a similar association between high c-Src and reduced OXPHOS complex expression and activity in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines. Interestingly, the inhibition of c-Src kinase activity with the SFK inhibitor PP2 and c-Src siRNA stimulated the expression of complex I and IV subunits and increased their enzymatic activities in both cancer and normal cells. Evidence provided in this study reveals that c-Src impairs the expression and function of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes, resulting in a significant defect in mitochondrial energy metabolism, which can be a contributing factor to the development and progression of liver cancer. Furthermore, our findings strongly suggest that SFK inhibitors should be used in the treatment of HCC and other cancers with aberrant c-Src kinase activity to improve mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Hunter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Hasan Koc
- Department of Pharmacological Science and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States.
| | - Emine C Koc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States.
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192
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Faubert B, Solmonson A, DeBerardinis RJ. Metabolic reprogramming and cancer progression. Science 2020; 368:368/6487/eaaw5473. [PMID: 32273439 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw5473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 978] [Impact Index Per Article: 244.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of malignancy. As our understanding of the complexity of tumor biology increases, so does our appreciation of the complexity of tumor metabolism. Metabolic heterogeneity among human tumors poses a challenge to developing therapies that exploit metabolic vulnerabilities. Recent work also demonstrates that the metabolic properties and preferences of a tumor change during cancer progression. This produces distinct sets of vulnerabilities between primary tumors and metastatic cancer, even in the same patient or experimental model. We review emerging concepts about metabolic reprogramming in cancer, with particular attention on why metabolic properties evolve during cancer progression and how this information might be used to develop better therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Faubert
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ashley Solmonson
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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193
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Abstract
Translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOMM20) plays an essential role as a receptor for proteins targeted to mitochondria. TOMM20 was shown to be overexpressed in various cancers. However, the oncological function and therapeutic potential for TOMM20 in cancer remains largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of TOMM20's contribution to tumorigenesis and to explore the possibility of its therapeutic potential using colorectal cancer as a model. The results show that TOMM20 overexpression resulted in an increase in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, while siRNA-mediated inhibition of TOMM20 resulted in significant decreases in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. TOMM20 expression directly impacted the mitochondrial function including ATP production and maintenance of membrane potential, which contributed to tumorigenic cellular activities including regulation of S phase cell cycle and apoptosis. TOMM20 was overexpressed in CRC compared to the normal tissues and increased expression of TOMM20 to be associated with malignant characteristics including a higher number of lymph nodes and perineural invasion in CRC. Notably, knockdown of TOMM20 in the xenograft mouse model resulted in a significant reduction of tumor growth. This is the first report demonstrating a relationship between TOMM20 and tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer and providing promising evidence for the potential for TOMM20 to serve as a new therapeutic target of colorectal cancer. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(12): 712-717].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hee Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 05535; Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 05535, Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 05535; Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 05535, Korea
| | - Keonwoo Choi
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 05535; Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 05535, Korea
| | - Soyoung Joung
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 05535; Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 05535, Korea
| | - Jong-Bok Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 05535, Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 05535, Korea
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194
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Harris IS, DeNicola GM. The Complex Interplay between Antioxidants and ROS in Cancer. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:440-451. [PMID: 32303435 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in tissue homeostasis, cellular signaling, differentiation, and survival. In this review, we discuss the types ofROS, their impact on cellular processes, and their pro- and antitumorigenic effects. Further, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of both endogenous and exogenous antioxidants in tumorigenic processes. Finally, wediscuss how aberrant activation of antioxidant programs by the transcription factor NFE2-related factor 2 (NRF2) influences tumorigenesis and metastasis, and where the current gaps in our knowledge remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac S Harris
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
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195
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Georgakopoulos-Soares I, Chartoumpekis DV, Kyriazopoulou V, Zaravinos A. EMT Factors and Metabolic Pathways in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:499. [PMID: 32318352 PMCID: PMC7154126 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a biological program during which epithelial cells lose their cell identity and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. EMT is normally observed during organismal development, wound healing and tissue fibrosis. However, this process can be hijacked by cancer cells and is often associated with resistance to apoptosis, acquisition of tissue invasiveness, cancer stem cell characteristics, and cancer treatment resistance. It is becoming evident that EMT is a complex, multifactorial spectrum, often involving episodic, transient or partial events. Multiple factors have been causally implicated in EMT including transcription factors (e.g., SNAIL, TWIST, ZEB), epigenetic modifications, microRNAs (e.g., miR-200 family) and more recently, long non-coding RNAs. However, the relevance of metabolic pathways in EMT is only recently being recognized. Importantly, alterations in key metabolic pathways affect cancer development and progression. In this review, we report the roles of key EMT factors and describe their interactions and interconnectedness. We introduce metabolic pathways that are involved in EMT, including glycolysis, the TCA cycle, lipid and amino acid metabolism, and characterize the relationship between EMT factors and cancer metabolism. Finally, we present therapeutic opportunities involving EMT, with particular focus on cancer metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dionysios V Chartoumpekis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Venetsana Kyriazopoulou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Life Sciences European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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196
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Moldogazieva NT, Mokhosoev IM, Terentiev AA. Metabolic Heterogeneity of Cancer Cells: An Interplay between HIF-1, GLUTs, and AMPK. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E862. [PMID: 32252351 PMCID: PMC7226606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been long recognized that cancer cells reprogram their metabolism under hypoxia conditions due to a shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis in order to meet elevated requirements in energy and nutrients for proliferation, migration, and survival. However, data accumulated over recent years has increasingly provided evidence that cancer cells can revert from glycolysis to OXPHOS and maintain both reprogrammed and oxidative metabolism, even in the same tumor. This phenomenon, denoted as cancer cell metabolic plasticity or hybrid metabolism, depends on a tumor micro-environment that is highly heterogeneous and influenced by an intensity of vasculature and blood flow, oxygen concentration, and nutrient and energy supply, and requires regulatory interplay between multiple oncogenes, transcription factors, growth factors, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), among others. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) represent key modulators of a switch between reprogrammed and oxidative metabolism. The present review focuses on cross-talks between HIF-1, glucose transporters (GLUTs), and AMPK with other regulatory proteins including oncogenes such as c-Myc, p53, and KRAS; growth factor-initiated protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt, phosphatydyl-3-kinase (PI3K), and mTOR signaling pathways; and tumor suppressors such as liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and TSC1 in controlling cancer cell metabolism. The multiple switches between metabolic pathways can underlie chemo-resistance to conventional anti-cancer therapy and should be taken into account in choosing molecular targets to discover novel anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbubu T. Moldogazieva
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Innokenty M. Mokhosoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.M.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Alexander A. Terentiev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.M.); (A.A.T.)
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197
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Läsche M, Emons G, Gründker C. Shedding New Light on Cancer Metabolism: A Metabolic Tightrope Between Life and Death. Front Oncol 2020; 10:409. [PMID: 32300553 PMCID: PMC7145406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the earliest findings of Otto Warburg, who discovered the first metabolic differences between lactate production of cancer cells and non-malignant tissues in the 1920s, much time has passed. He explained the increased lactate levels with dysfunctional mitochondria and aerobic glycolysis despite adequate oxygenation. Meanwhile, we came to know that mitochondria remain instead functional in cancer cells; hence, metabolic drift, rather than being linked to dysfunctional mitochondria, was found to be an active act of direct response of cancer cells to cell proliferation and survival signals. This metabolic drift begins with the use of sugars and the full oxidative phosphorylation via the mitochondrial respiratory chain to form CO2, and it then leads to the formation of lactic acid via partial oxidation. In addition to oncogene-driven metabolic reprogramming, the oncometabolites themselves alter cell signaling and are responsible for differentiation and metastasis of cancer cells. The aberrant metabolism is now considered a major characteristic of cancer within the past 15 years. However, the proliferating anabolic growth of a tumor and its spread to distal sites of the body is not explainable by altered glucose metabolism alone. Since a tumor consists of malignant cells and its tumor microenvironment, it was important for us to understand the bilateral interactions between the primary tumor and its microenvironment and the processes underlying its successful metastasis. We here describe the main metabolic pathways and their implications in tumor progression and metastasis. We also portray that metabolic flexibility determines the fate of the cancer cell and ultimately the patient. This flexibility must be taken into account when deciding on a therapy, since singular cancer therapies only shift the metabolism to a different alternative path and create resistance to the medication used. As with Otto Warburg in his days, we primarily focused on the metabolism of mitochondria when dealing with this scientific question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Läsche
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Günter Emons
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Gründker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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198
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Li W, Wang J. Uncovering the Underlying Mechanisms of Cancer Metabolism through the Landscapes and Probability Flux Quantifications. iScience 2020; 23:101002. [PMID: 32276228 PMCID: PMC7150521 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metabolism is critical for understanding the mechanism of tumorigenesis, yet the understanding is still challenging. We studied gene-metabolism regulatory interactions and quantified the global driving forces for cancer-metabolism dynamics as the underlying landscape and probability flux. We uncovered four steady-state attractors: a normal state attractor, a cancer OXPHOS state attractor, a cancer glycolysis state attractor, and an intermediate cancer state attractor. We identified the key regulatory interactions through global sensitivity analysis based on the landscape topography. Different landscape topographies of glycolysis switch between normal cells and cancer cells were identified. We uncovered that the normal state to cancer state transformation is associated with the peaks of the probability flux and the thermodynamic dissipation, giving dynamical and thermodynamic origin of cancer formation. We found that cancer metabolism oscillations consume more energy to support cancer malignancy. This study provides a quantitative understanding of cancer metabolism and suggests a metabolic therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA.
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199
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Grasso D, Medeiros HCD, Zampieri LX, Bol V, Danhier P, van Gisbergen MW, Bouzin C, Brusa D, Grégoire V, Smeets H, Stassen APM, Dubois LJ, Lambin P, Dutreix M, Sonveaux P. Fitter Mitochondria Are Associated With Radioresistance in Human Head and Neck SQD9 Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:263. [PMID: 32231567 PMCID: PMC7082361 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) commonly involves chemoradiotherapy, but recurrences often occur that are associated with radioresistance. Using human SQD9 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cancer cells as a model, we aimed to identify metabolic changes associated with acquired radioresistance. In a top-down approach, matched radiosensitive and radioresistant SQD9 cells were generated and metabolically compared, focusing on glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and ROS production. The cell cycle, clonogenicity, tumor growth in mice and DNA damage-repair were assessed. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was sequenced. In a bottom-up approach, matched glycolytic and oxidative SQD9 cells were generated using FACS-sorting, and tested for their radiosensitivity/radioresistance. We found that acquired radioresistance is associated with a shift from a glycolytic to a more oxidative metabolism in SQD9 cells. The opposite was also true, as the most oxidative fraction isolated from SQD9 wild-type cells was also more radioresistant than the most glycolytic fraction. However, neither reduced hexokinase expression nor OXPHOS were directly responsible for the radioresistant phenotype. Radiosensitive and radioresistant cells had similar proliferation rates and were equally efficient for ATP production. They were equally sensitive to redox stress and had similar DNA damage repair, but radioresistant cells had an increased number of mitochondria and a higher mtDNA content. Thus, an oxidative switch is associated with but is not responsible for acquired radioresistance in human SQD9 cells. In radioresistant cells, more abundant and fitter mitochondria could help to preserve mitochondrial functions upon irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Grasso
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hyllana C D Medeiros
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.,Federal University of ABC - Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luca X Zampieri
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vanesa Bol
- Pole of Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIRO), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Danhier
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies (NEST) Platform, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marike W van Gisbergen
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging Platform (2IP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Davide Brusa
- IREC Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Platform, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Grégoire
- Pole of Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIRO), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Hubert Smeets
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology - GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alphons P M Stassen
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology - GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Lambin
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marie Dutreix
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Paris-Sud University, Orsay, France
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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200
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Lin X, Xiao Z, Chen T, Liang SH, Guo H. Glucose Metabolism on Tumor Plasticity, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:317. [PMID: 32211335 PMCID: PMC7069415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells support tumor proliferation and progression by adopting to metabolic changes. Tumor cells altered metabolism by increasing glucose uptake and fermentation of glucose to lactate, even in the aerobic state and the presence of functioning mitochondria. Glucose metabolism in tumor plasticity has attracted great interests by clinicians and scientists in the past decades. This review discusses the previous and emerging researches on the tumor plasticity altered by changing glucose metabolism in different cancer cells, including cancer stem cells (CSCs). In addition, we summarize the rising applications of glucose metabolism in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Our objective is to direct future investigation on this altered metabolic phenotype and its application in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zizheng Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Huiqin Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Sijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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