151
|
Gomes-Silva D, Atilla E, Atilla PA, Mo F, Tashiro H, Srinivasan M, Lulla P, Rouce RH, Cabral JMS, Ramos CA, Brenner MK, Mamonkin M. CD7 CAR T Cells for the Therapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Ther 2018; 27:272-280. [PMID: 30391141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has the risk of toxicity to normal myeloid cells. CD7 is expressed by the leukemic blasts and malignant progenitor cells of approximately 30% of AML patients but is absent on normal myeloid and erythroid cells. Since CD7 expression by malignant blasts is also linked with chemoresistance and poor outcomes, targeting this antigen may be beneficial for this subset of AML patients. Here, we show that expression of a CD7-directed CAR in CD7 gene-edited (CD7KO) T cells effectively eliminates CD7+ AML cell lines, primary CD7+ AML, and colony-forming cells but spares myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells and their progeny. In a xenograft model, CD7 CAR T cells protect mice against systemic leukemia, prolonging survival. Our results support the feasibility of using CD7KO CD7 CAR T cells for the non-myeloablative treatment of CD7+ AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Gomes-Silva
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Erden Atilla
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pinar Ataca Atilla
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Feiyan Mo
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haruko Tashiro
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Madhuwanti Srinivasan
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Premal Lulla
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rayne H Rouce
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Ramos
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Malcolm K Brenner
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maksim Mamonkin
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Brunetti L, Gundry MC, Sorcini D, Guzman AG, Huang YH, Ramabadran R, Gionfriddo I, Mezzasoma F, Milano F, Nabet B, Buckley DL, Kornblau SM, Lin CY, Sportoletti P, Martelli MP, Falini B, Goodell MA. Mutant NPM1 Maintains the Leukemic State through HOX Expression. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:499-512.e9. [PMID: 30205049 PMCID: PMC6159911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
NPM1 is the most frequently mutated gene in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In AML cells, NPM1 mutations result in abnormal cytoplasmic localization of the mutant protein (NPM1c); however, it is unknown whether NPM1c is required to maintain the leukemic state. Here, we show that loss of NPM1c from the cytoplasm, either through nuclear relocalization or targeted degradation, results in immediate downregulation of homeobox (HOX) genes followed by differentiation. Finally, we show that XPO1 inhibition relocalizes NPM1c to the nucleus, promotes differentiation of AML cells, and prolongs survival of Npm1-mutated leukemic mice. We describe an exquisite dependency of NPM1-mutant AML cells on NPM1c, providing the rationale for the use of nuclear export inhibitors in AML with mutated NPM1.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Hydrazines/pharmacology
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mutation
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Nucleophosmin
- Proteolysis
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Exportin 1 Protein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Brunetti
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michael C Gundry
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniele Sorcini
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna G Guzman
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yung-Hsin Huang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Raghav Ramabadran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ilaria Gionfriddo
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Mezzasoma
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Milano
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Behnam Nabet
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dennis L Buckley
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia and Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Charles Y Lin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paolo Sportoletti
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Martelli
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Brunangelo Falini
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Margaret A Goodell
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Charlesworth CT, Camarena J, Cromer MK, Vaidyanathan S, Bak RO, Carte JM, Potter J, Dever DP, Porteus MH. Priming Human Repopulating Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells for Cas9/sgRNA Gene Targeting. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:89-104. [PMID: 30195800 PMCID: PMC6023838 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nuclease-mediated gene targeting through homologous recombination (HR) in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) has the potential to treat a variety of genetic hematologic and immunologic disorders. Here, we identify critical parameters to reproducibly achieve high frequencies of RNA-guided (single-guide RNA [sgRNA]; CRISPR)-Cas9 nuclease (Cas9/sgRNA) and rAAV6-mediated HR at the β-globin (HBB) locus in HSPCs. We identified that by transducing HSPCs with rAAV6 post-electroporation, there was a greater than 2-fold electroporation-aided transduction (EAT) of rAAV6 endocytosis with roughly 70% of the cell population having undergone transduction within 2 hr. When HSPCs are cultured at low densities (1 × 105 cells/mL) prior to HBB targeting, HSPC expansion rates are significantly positively correlated with HR frequencies in vitro as well as in repopulating cells in immunodeficient NSG mice in vivo. We also show that culturing fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-enriched HBB-targeted HSPCs at low cell densities in the presence of the small molecules, UM171 and SR1, stimulates the expansion of gene-edited HSPCs as measured by higher engraftment levels in immunodeficient mice. This work serves not only as an optimized protocol for genome editing HSPCs at the HBB locus for the treatment of β-hemoglobinopathies but also as a foundation for editing HSPCs at other loci for both basic and translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joab Camarena
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Kyle Cromer
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Rasmus O Bak
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jason M Carte
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Jason Potter
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Daniel P Dever
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Matthew H Porteus
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Shen Y, Cohen JL, Nicoloro SM, Kelly M, Yenilmez B, Henriques F, Tsagkaraki E, Edwards YJK, Hu X, Friedline RH, Kim JK, Czech MP. CRISPR-delivery particles targeting nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1 ( Nrip1) in adipose cells to enhance energy expenditure. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17291-17305. [PMID: 30190322 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-guided, engineered nucleases derived from the prokaryotic adaptive immune system CRISPR-Cas represent a powerful platform for gene deletion and editing. When used as a therapeutic approach, direct delivery of Cas9 protein and single-guide RNA (sgRNA) could circumvent the safety issues associated with plasmid delivery and therefore represents an attractive tool for precision genome engineering. Gene deletion or editing in adipose tissue to enhance its energy expenditure, fatty acid oxidation, and secretion of bioactive factors through a "browning" process presents a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate metabolic disease. Here, we developed "CRISPR-delivery particles," denoted CriPs, composed of nano-size complexes of Cas9 protein and sgRNA that are coated with an amphipathic peptide called Endo-Porter that mediates entry into cells. Efficient CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene deletion of ectopically expressed GFP by CriPs was achieved in multiple cell types, including a macrophage cell line, primary macrophages, and primary pre-adipocytes. Significant GFP loss was also observed in peritoneal exudate cells with minimum systemic toxicity in GFP-expressing mice following intraperitoneal injection of CriPs containing Gfp-targeting sgRNA. Furthermore, disruption of a nuclear co-repressor of catabolism, the Nrip1 gene, in white adipocytes by CriPs enhanced adipocyte browning with a marked increase of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. Of note, the CriP-mediated Nrip1 deletion did not produce detectable off-target effects. We conclude that CriPs offer an effective Cas9 and sgRNA delivery system for ablating targeted gene products in cultured cells and in vivo, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Kelly
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine and
| | | | | | - Emmanouela Tsagkaraki
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine and.,the Molecular Basis of Human Disease Graduate Program, School of Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece
| | | | - Xiaodi Hu
- the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605 and
| | - Randall H Friedline
- the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605 and
| | - Jason K Kim
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine and.,the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605 and
| | | |
Collapse
|
155
|
Sürün D, von Melchner H, Schnütgen F. CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering in hematopoietic cells. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2018; 28:33-39. [PMID: 30205879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of genome editing tools capable of modifying specific genomic sequences with unprecedented accuracy has opened up a wide range of new possibilities in targeted gene manipulation. In particular, the CRISPR/Cas9 system, a repurposed prokaryotic adaptive immune system, has been widely adopted because of its unmatched simplicity and flexibility. In this review we discuss achievements and current limitations of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in hematopoietic cells with special emphasis on its potential use in ex vivo gene therapy of monogenic blood disorders, HIV and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duran Sürün
- Department of Molecular Hematology and LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Medical Systems Biology, UCC, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Harald von Melchner
- Department of Molecular Hematology and LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Schnütgen
- Department of Molecular Hematology and LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Vakulskas CA, Dever DP, Rettig GR, Turk R, Jacobi AM, Collingwood MA, Bode NM, McNeill MS, Yan S, Camarena J, Lee CM, Park SH, Wiebking V, Bak RO, Gomez-Ospina N, Pavel-Dinu M, Sun W, Bao G, Porteus MH, Behlke MA. A high-fidelity Cas9 mutant delivered as a ribonucleoprotein complex enables efficient gene editing in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Nat Med 2018; 24:1216-1224. [PMID: 30082871 PMCID: PMC6107069 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Translation of the CRISPR-Cas9 system to human therapeutics holds high promise. However, specificity remains a concern especially when modifying stem cell populations. We show that existing rationally engineered Cas9 high-fidelity variants have reduced on-target activity when using the therapeutically relevant ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery method. Therefore, we devised an unbiased bacterial screen to isolate variants that retain activity in the RNP format. Introduction of a single point mutation, p.R691A, in Cas9 (high-fidelity (HiFi) Cas9) retained the high on-target activity of Cas9 while reducing off-target editing. HiFi Cas9 induces robust AAV6-mediated gene targeting at five therapeutically relevant loci (HBB, IL2RG, CCR5, HEXB, and TRAC) in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) as well as primary T cells. We also show that HiFi Cas9 mediates high-level correction of the sickle cell disease (SCD)-causing p.E6V mutation in HSPCs derived from patients with SCD. We anticipate that HiFi Cas9 will have wide utility for both basic science and therapeutic genome-editing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel P Dever
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Rolf Turk
- Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., Coralville, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Nicole M Bode
- Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., Coralville, IA, USA
| | | | - Shuqi Yan
- Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., Coralville, IA, USA
| | - Joab Camarena
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ciaran M Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - So Hyun Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Volker Wiebking
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rasmus O Bak
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Mara Pavel-Dinu
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Gang Bao
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Mark A Behlke
- Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., Coralville, IA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Wienert B, Shin J, Zelin E, Pestal K, Corn JE. In vitro-transcribed guide RNAs trigger an innate immune response via the RIG-I pathway. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005840. [PMID: 30011268 PMCID: PMC6049001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) genome editing is revolutionizing fundamental research and has great potential for the treatment of many diseases. While editing of immortalized cell lines has become relatively easy, editing of therapeutically relevant primary cells and tissues can remain challenging. One recent advancement is the delivery of a Cas9 protein and an in vitro-transcribed (IVT) guide RNA (gRNA) as a precomplexed ribonucleoprotein (RNP). This approach allows editing of primary cells such as T cells and hematopoietic stem cells, but the consequences beyond genome editing of introducing foreign Cas9 RNPs into mammalian cells are not fully understood. Here, we show that the IVT gRNAs commonly used by many laboratories for RNP editing trigger a potent innate immune response that is similar to canonical immune-stimulating ligands. IVT gRNAs are recognized in the cytosol through the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) pathway but not the melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) pathway, thereby triggering a type I interferon response. Removal of the 5'-triphosphate from gRNAs ameliorates inflammatory signaling and prevents the loss of viability associated with genome editing in hematopoietic stem cells. The potential for Cas9 RNP editing to induce a potent antiviral response indicates that care must be taken when designing therapeutic strategies to edit primary cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beeke Wienert
- Innovative Genomics Initiative, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jiyung Shin
- Innovative Genomics Initiative, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Elena Zelin
- Innovative Genomics Initiative, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Pestal
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jacob E. Corn
- Innovative Genomics Initiative, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Schiroli G, Ferrari S, Conway A, Jacob A, Capo V, Albano L, Plati T, Castiello MC, Sanvito F, Gennery AR, Bovolenta C, Palchaudhuri R, Scadden DT, Holmes MC, Villa A, Sitia G, Lombardo A, Genovese P, Naldini L. Preclinical modeling highlights the therapeutic potential of hematopoietic stem cell gene editing for correction of SCID-X1. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/411/eaan0820. [PMID: 29021165 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Targeted genome editing in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) is an attractive strategy for treating immunohematological diseases. However, the limited efficiency of homology-directed editing in primitive HSPCs constrains the yield of corrected cells and might affect the feasibility and safety of clinical translation. These concerns need to be addressed in stringent preclinical models and overcome by developing more efficient editing methods. We generated a humanized X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1) mouse model and evaluated the efficacy and safety of hematopoietic reconstitution from limited input of functional HSPCs, establishing thresholds for full correction upon different types of conditioning. Unexpectedly, conditioning before HSPC infusion was required to protect the mice from lymphoma developing when transplanting small numbers of progenitors. We then designed a one-size-fits-all IL2RG (interleukin-2 receptor common γ-chain) gene correction strategy and, using the same reagents suitable for correction of human HSPC, validated the edited human gene in the disease model in vivo, providing evidence of targeted gene editing in mouse HSPCs and demonstrating the functionality of the IL2RG-edited lymphoid progeny. Finally, we optimized editing reagents and protocol for human HSPCs and attained the threshold of IL2RG editing in long-term repopulating cells predicted to safely rescue the disease, using clinically relevant HSPC sources and highly specific zinc finger nucleases or CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9). Overall, our work establishes the rationale and guiding principles for clinical translation of SCID-X1 gene editing and provides a framework for developing gene correction for other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Schiroli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Ferrari
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Aurelien Jacob
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Capo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Albano
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Plati
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria C Castiello
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanvito
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrew R Gennery
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | - Rahul Palchaudhuri
- Magenta Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Villa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132 Milan, Italy.,National Research Council, Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research Milan Unit, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Lombardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Genovese
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Luigi Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132 Milan, Italy. .,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is the most prevalent monogenic disorder worldwide and curative therapies are limited to hematopoietic stem cell transplant to the few with matched donors. Gene therapy has curative potential, whereby autologous hematopoietic stem cells are genetically modified and transplanted, which would not be limited by matched donors, resulting in 1-time, life-long correction devoid of immune side effects. Significant progress has been made to clinically translate gene therapy for sickle cell disease using lentivirus vectors carrying antisickling genes. This review focuses on the current state of the field, factors that determine clinical success, gene editing, and future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Jayavaradhan
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute (CBDI), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Mail Location 7013, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Mail Location: 0529, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA
| | - Punam Malik
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute (CBDI), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Mail Location 7013, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Mail Location: 0529, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Tothova Z, Krill-Burger JM, Popova KD, Landers CC, Sievers QL, Yudovich D, Belizaire R, Aster JC, Morgan EA, Tsherniak A, Ebert BL. Multiplex CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing in Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells Models Clonal Hematopoiesis and Myeloid Neoplasia. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 21:547-555.e8. [PMID: 28985529 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are driven by combinations of genetic lesions that have been difficult to model in human cells. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering of primary adult and umbilical cord blood CD34+ human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), the cells of origin for myeloid pre-malignant and malignant diseases, followed by transplantation into immunodeficient mice to generate genetic models of clonal hematopoiesis and neoplasia. Human hematopoietic cells bearing mutations in combinations of genes, including cohesin complex genes, observed in myeloid malignancies generated immunophenotypically defined neoplastic clones capable of long-term, multi-lineage reconstitution and serial transplantation. Employing these models to investigate therapeutic efficacy, we found that TET2 and cohesin-mutated hematopoietic cells were sensitive to azacitidine treatment. These findings demonstrate the potential for generating genetically defined models of human myeloid diseases, and they are suitable for examining the biological consequences of somatic mutations and the testing of therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Tothova
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Katerina D Popova
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Catherine C Landers
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Quinlan L Sievers
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Yudovich
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Roger Belizaire
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jon C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aviad Tsherniak
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Cornel AM, van Til NP, Boelens JJ, Nierkens S. Strategies to Genetically Modulate Dendritic Cells to Potentiate Anti-Tumor Responses in Hematologic Malignancies. Front Immunol 2018; 9:982. [PMID: 29867960 PMCID: PMC5968097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination has been investigated as a potential strategy to target hematologic malignancies, while generating sustained immunological responses to control potential future relapse. Nonetheless, few clinical trials have shown robust long-term efficacy. It has been suggested that a combination of surmountable shortcomings, such as selection of utilized DC subsets, DC loading and maturation strategies, as well as tumor-induced immunosuppression may be targeted to maximize anti-tumor responses of DC vaccines. Generation of DC from CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) may provide potential in patients undergoing allogeneic HSPC transplantations for hematologic malignancies. CD34+ HSPC from the graft can be genetically modified to optimize antigen presentation and to provide sufficient T cell stimulatory signals. We here describe beneficial (gene)-modifications that can be implemented in various processes in T cell activation by DC, among which major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II presentation, DC maturation and migration, cross-presentation, co-stimulation, and immunosuppression to improve anti-tumor responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelisa M Cornel
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Niek P van Til
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Jan Boelens
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Clonal expansion and myeloid leukemia progression modeled by multiplex gene editing of murine hematopoietic progenitor cells. Exp Hematol 2018; 64:33-44.e5. [PMID: 29751067 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have identified novel mutations and revealed complex genetic architectures in human hematological malignancies. Moving forward, new methods to quickly generate animal models that recapitulate the complex genetics of human hematological disorders are needed to transform the genetic information to new therapies. Here, we used a ribonucleoprotein-based CRISPR/Cas9 system to model human clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We edited multiple genes recurrently mutated in hematological disorders, including those encoding epigenetic regulators, transcriptional regulators, and signaling components in murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Tracking the clonal dynamics by sequencing the indels induced by CRISPR/Cas9 revealed clonal expansion in some recipient mice that progressed to AML initiated by leukemia-initiating cells. Our results establish that the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated multiplex mutagenesis can be used to engineer a variety of murine models of hematological malignancies with complex genetic architectures seen in human disease.
Collapse
|
163
|
Brunetti L, Gundry MC, Kitano A, Nakada D, Goodell MA. Highly Efficient Gene Disruption of Murine and Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells by CRISPR/Cas9. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29708546 PMCID: PMC5933422 DOI: 10.3791/57278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in the hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) field have been aided by methods to genetically engineer primary progenitor cells as well as animal models. Complete gene ablation in HSCs required the generation of knockout mice from which HSCs could be isolated, and gene ablation in primary human HSCs was not possible. Viral transduction could be used for knock-down approaches, but these suffered from variable efficacy. In general, genetic manipulation of human and mouse hematopoietic cells was hampered by low efficiencies and extensive time and cost commitments. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 has dramatically expanded the ability to engineer the DNA of mammalian cells. However, the application of CRISPR/Cas9 to hematopoietic cells has been challenging, mainly due to their low transfection efficiencies, the toxicity of plasmid-based approaches and the slow turnaround time of virus-based protocols. A rapid method to perform CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in murine and human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with knockout efficiencies of up to 90% is provided in this article. This approach utilizes a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery strategy with a streamlined three-day workflow. The use of Cas9-sgRNA RNP allows for a hit-and-run approach, introducing no exogenous DNA sequences in the genome of edited cells and reducing off-target effects. The RNP-based method is fast and straightforward: it does not require cloning of sgRNAs, virus preparation or specific sgRNA chemical modification. With this protocol, scientists should be able to successfully generate knockouts of a gene of interest in primary hematopoietic cells within a week, including downtimes for oligonucleotide synthesis. This approach will allow a much broader group of users to adapt this protocol for their needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Brunetti
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine; Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia
| | - Michael C Gundry
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine; Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Ayumi Kitano
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Daisuke Nakada
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine; Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Margaret A Goodell
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine; Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine; Texas Children's Hospital & Houston Methodist Hospital;
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Watanabe S, Sakurai T, Nakamura S, Miyoshi K, Sato M. The Combinational Use of CRISPR/Cas9 and Targeted Toxin Technology Enables Efficient Isolation of Bi-Allelic Knockout Non-Human Mammalian Clones. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1075. [PMID: 29617297 PMCID: PMC5979347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in genome editing systems such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9) have facilitated genomic modification in mammalian cells. However, most systems employ transient treatment with selective drugs such as puromycin to obtain the desired genome-edited cells, which often allows some untransfected cells to survive and decreases the efficiency of generating genome-edited cells. Here, we developed a novel targeted toxin-based drug-free selection system for the enrichment of genome-edited cells. Cells were transfected with three expression vectors, each of which carries a guide RNA (gRNA), humanized Cas9 (hCas9) gene, or Clostridium perfringens-derived endo-β-galactosidase C (EndoGalC) gene. Once EndoGalC is expressed in a cell, it digests the cell-surface α-Gal epitope, which is specifically recognized by BS-I-B₄ lectin (IB4). Three days after transfection, these cells were treated with cytotoxin saporin-conjugated IB4 (IB4SAP) for 30 min at 37 °C prior to cultivation in a normal medium. Untransfected cells and those weakly expressing EndoGalC will die due to the internalization of saporin. Cells transiently expressing EndoGalC strongly survive, and some of these surviving clones are expected to be genome-edited bi-allelic knockout (KO) clones due to their strong co-expression of gRNA and hCas9. When porcine α-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene, which can synthesize the α-Gal epitope, was attempted to be knocked out, 16.7% and 36.7% of the surviving clones were bi-allelic and mono-allelic knockout (KO) cells, respectively, which was in contrast to the isolation of clones in the absence of IB4SAP treatment. Namely, 0% and 13.3% of the resulting clones were bi-allelic and mono-allelic KO cells, respectively. A similar tendency was seen when other target genes such as DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 2 and transforming growth factor-β receptor type 1 gene were targeted to be knocked out. Our results indicate that a combination of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and targeted toxin technology using IB4SAP allows efficient enrichment of genome-edited clones, particularly bi-allelic KO clones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Watanabe
- Animal Genome Research Unit, Division of Animal Science, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Sakurai
- Basic Research Division for Next-Generation Disease Models and Fundamental Technology, Research Center for Next Generation Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Kazuchika Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Sato
- Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Huang HM, McMorran BJ, Foote SJ, Burgio G. Host genetics in malaria: lessons from mouse studies. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:507-522. [PMID: 29594458 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Malaria remains a deadly parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium, claiming almost half a million lives every year. While parasite genetics and biology are often the major targets in many studies, it is becoming more evident that host genetics plays a crucial role in the outcome of the infection. Similarly, Plasmodium infections in mice also rely heavily on the genetic background of the mice, and often correlate with observations in human studies, due to their high genetic homology with humans. As such, murine models of malaria are a useful tool for understanding host responses during Plasmodium infections, as well as dissecting host-parasite interactions through various genetic manipulation techniques. Reverse genetic approach such as quantitative trait loci studies and random mutagenesis screens have been employed to discover novel host genes that affect malaria susceptibility in mouse models, while other targeted studies utilize mouse models to validate observation from human studies. Herein, we review the findings from the past and present studies on murine models of hepatic and erythrocytic stages of malaria and speculate on how the current mouse models benefit from the recent development in CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ming Huang
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Brendan J McMorran
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Simon J Foote
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Gaetan Burgio
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
García-Tuñón I, Hernández-Sánchez M, Ordoñez JL, Alonso-Pérez V, Álamo-Quijada M, Benito R, Guerrero C, Hernández-Rivas JM, Sánchez-Martín M. The CRISPR/Cas9 system efficiently reverts the tumorigenic ability of BCR/ABL in vitro and in a xenograft model of chronic myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26027-26040. [PMID: 28212528 PMCID: PMC5432235 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to abrogate p210 oncoprotein expression in the Boff-p210 cell line, a pro-B line derived from interlukin-3-dependent Baf/3, that shows IL-3-independence arising from the constitutive expression of BCR-ABL p210. Using this approach, pools of Boff-p210-edited cells and single edited cell-derived clones were obtained and functionally studied in vitro. The loss of p210 expression in Boff-p210 cells resulted in the loss of ability to grow in the absence of IL-3, as the Baf/3 parental line, showing significantly increased apoptosis levels. Notably, in a single edited cell-derived clone carrying a frame-shift mutation that prevents p210 oncoprotein expression, the effects were even more drastic, resulting in cell death. These edited cells were injected subcutaneously in immunosuppressed mice and tumor growth was followed for three weeks. BCR/ABL-edited cells developed smaller tumors than those originating from unedited Boff-p210 parental cells. Interestingly, the single edited cell-derived clone was unable to develop tumors, similar to what is observed with the parental Baf/3 cell line. CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing technology allows the ablation of the BCR/ABL fusion gene, causing an absence of oncoprotein expression, and blocking its tumorigenic effects in vitro and in the in vivo xenograft model of CML. The future application of this approach in in vivo models of CML will allow us to more accurately assess the value of CRISPR/Cas9 technology as a new therapeutic tool that overcomes resistance to the usual treatments for CML patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio García-Tuñón
- Unidad de Diagnóstico Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Hernández-Sánchez
- Unidad de Diagnóstico Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Luis Ordoñez
- Unidad de Diagnóstico Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Veronica Alonso-Pérez
- Unidad de Diagnóstico Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Álamo-Quijada
- Unidad de Diagnóstico Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rocio Benito
- Unidad de Diagnóstico Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carmen Guerrero
- IBSAL, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (USAL/CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús María Hernández-Rivas
- Unidad de Diagnóstico Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Martín
- IBSAL, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Servicio de Transgénesis, Nucleus, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
The changing landscape of gene editing in hematopoietic stem cells: a step towards Cas9 clinical translation. Curr Opin Hematol 2018; 24:481-488. [PMID: 28806273 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since the discovery two decades ago that programmable endonucleases can be engineered to modify human cells at single nucleotide resolution, the concept of genome editing was born. Now these technologies are being applied to therapeutically relevant cell types, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), which possess the power to repopulate an entire blood and immune system. The purpose of this review is to discuss the changing landscape of genome editing in hematopoietic stem cells (GE-HSC) from the discovery stage to the preclinical stage, with the imminent goal of clinical translation for the treatment of serious genetic diseases of the blood and immune system. RECENT FINDINGS With the discovery that the RNA-programmable (sgRNA) clustered regularly interspace short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 nuclease (Cas9/sgRNA) systems can be easily used to precisely modify the human genome in 2012, a genome-editing revolution of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) has bloomed. We have observed that over the last 2 years, academic institutions and small biotech companies are developing HSC-based Cas9/sgRNA genome-editing curative strategies to treat monogenic disorders, including β-hemoglobinopathies and primary immunodeficiencies. We will focus on recent publications (within the past 2 years) that employ different genome-editing strategies to 'hijack' the cell's endogenous double-strand repair pathways to confer a disease-specific therapeutic advantage. SUMMARY The number of genome-editing strategies in HSCs that could offer therapeutic potential for diseases of the blood and immune system have dramatically risen over the past 2 years. The HSC-based genome-editing field is primed to enter clinical trials in the subsequent years. We will summarize the major advancements for the development of novel autologous GE-HSC cell and gene therapy strategies for hematopoietic diseases that are candidates for curative allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
Collapse
|
168
|
Chapple RH, Hu T, Tseng YJ, Liu L, Kitano A, Luu V, Hoegenauer KA, Iwawaki T, Li Q, Nakada D. ERα promotes murine hematopoietic regeneration through the Ire1α-mediated unfolded protein response. eLife 2018; 7:31159. [PMID: 29451493 PMCID: PMC5829925 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) sustains protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and plays a fundamental role in tissue maintenance and longevity of organisms. Long-range control of UPR activation has been demonstrated in invertebrates, but such mechanisms in mammals remain elusive. Here, we show that the female sex hormone estrogen regulates the UPR in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Estrogen treatment increases the capacity of HSCs to regenerate the hematopoietic system upon transplantation and accelerates regeneration after irradiation. We found that estrogen signals through estrogen receptor α (ERα) expressed in hematopoietic cells to activate the protective Ire1α-Xbp1 branch of the UPR. Further, ERα-mediated activation of the Ire1α-Xbp1 pathway confers HSCs with resistance against proteotoxic stress and promotes regeneration. Our findings reveal a systemic mechanism through which HSC function is augmented for hematopoietic regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Chapple
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Yu-Jung Tseng
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Lu Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Ayumi Kitano
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Victor Luu
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Kevin A Hoegenauer
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Qing Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Daisuke Nakada
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Modarai SR, Man D, Bialk P, Rivera-Torres N, Bloh K, Kmiec EB. Efficient Delivery and Nuclear Uptake Is Not Sufficient to Detect Gene Editing in CD34+ Cells Directed by a Ribonucleoprotein Complex. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 11:116-129. [PMID: 29858048 PMCID: PMC5992347 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CD34+ cells are prime targets for therapeutic strategies for gene editing, because modified progenitor cells have the capacity to differentiate through an erythropoietic lineage. Although experimental advances have been reported, the associated experimental protocols have largely been less than clear or robust. As such, we evaluated the relationships among cellular delivery; nuclear uptake, often viewed as the benchmark metric of successful gene editing; and single base repair. We took a combinatorial approach using single-stranded oligonucleotide and a CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein to convert wild-type HBB into the sickle cell genotype by evaluating conditions for two common delivery strategies of gene editing tools into CD34+ cells. Confocal microscopy data show that the CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein tends to accumulate at the outer membrane of the CD34+ cell nucleus when the Neon Transfection System is employed, while the ribonucleoproteins do pass into the cell nucleus when nucleofection is used. Despite the high efficiency of cellular transformation, and the traditional view of success in efficient nuclear uptake, neither delivery methodology enabled gene editing activity. Our results indicate that more stringent criteria must be established to facilitate the clinical translation and scientific robustness of gene editing for sickle cell disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin R Modarai
- Gene Editing Institute, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Dula Man
- Gene Editing Institute, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Pawel Bialk
- Gene Editing Institute, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | | | - Kevin Bloh
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Eric B Kmiec
- Gene Editing Institute, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Newark, DE 19713, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Abstract
Genome editing via homologous recombination (HR) (gene targeting) in human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has the power to reveal gene-function relationships and potentially transform curative hematological gene and cell therapies. However, there are no comprehensive and reproducible protocols for targeting HSCs for HR. Herein, we provide a detailed protocol for the production, enrichment, and in vitro and in vivo analyses of HR-targeted HSCs by combining CRISPR/Cas9 technology with the use of rAAV6 and flow cytometry. Using this protocol, researchers can introduce single-nucleotide changes into the genome or longer gene cassettes with the precision of genome editing. Along with our troubleshooting and optimization guidelines, researchers can use this protocol to streamline HSC genome editing at any locus of interest. The in vitro HSC-targeting protocol and analyses can be completed in 3 weeks, and the long-term in vivo HSC engraftment analyses in immunodeficient mice can be achieved in 16 weeks. This protocol enables manipulation of genes for investigation of gene functions during hematopoiesis, as well as for the correction of genetic mutations in HSC transplantation-based therapies for diseases such as sickle cell disease, β-thalassemia, and primary immunodeficiencies.
Collapse
|
171
|
Zych AO, Bajor M, Zagozdzon R. Application of Genome Editing Techniques in Immunology. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2018; 66:289-298. [PMID: 29344676 PMCID: PMC6061149 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-018-0504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The idea of using the effector immune cells to specifically fight cancer has recently evolved into an exciting concept of adoptive cell therapies. Indeed, genetically engineered T cells expressing on their surface recombinant, cancer-targeted receptors have been shown to induce promising response in oncological patients. However, in addition to exogenous expression of such receptors, there is also a need for disruption of certain genes in the immune cells to achieve more potent disease-targeted actions, to produce universal chimeric antigen receptor-based therapies or to study the signaling pathways in detail. In this review, we present novel genetic engineering methods, mainly TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 systems, that can be used for such purposes. These unique techniques may contribute to creating more successful immune therapies against cancer or prospectively other diseases as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata O Zych
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Bajor
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Zagozdzon
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. .,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. .,Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Abstract
Macrophages are ubiquitous cells that reside in all major tissues. Counter to long-held beliefs, we now know that resident macrophages in many organs are seeded during embryonic development and self-renew independently from blood monocytes. Under inflammatory conditions, those tissue macrophages are joined and sometimes replaced by recruited monocyte-derived macrophages. Macrophage function in steady state and disease depends on not only their developmental origin but also the tissue environment. Here, we discuss the ontogeny, function, and interplay of tissue-resident and monocyte-derived macrophages in various organs contributing to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Honold
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (L.H., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (L.H., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Barbieri I, Tzelepis K, Pandolfini L, Shi J, Millán-Zambrano G, Robson SC, Aspris D, Migliori V, Bannister AJ, Han N, De Braekeleer E, Ponstingl H, Hendrick A, Vakoc CR, Vassiliou GS, Kouzarides T. Promoter-bound METTL3 maintains myeloid leukaemia by m 6A-dependent translation control. Nature 2017; 552:126-131. [PMID: 29186125 PMCID: PMC6217924 DOI: 10.1038/nature24678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 741] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant internal RNA modification in both coding and non-coding RNAs that is catalysed by the METTL3-METTL14 methyltransferase complex. However, the specific role of these enzymes in cancer is still largely unknown. Here we define a pathway that is specific for METTL3 and is implicated in the maintenance of a leukaemic state. We identify METTL3 as an essential gene for growth of acute myeloid leukaemia cells in two distinct genetic screens. Downregulation of METTL3 results in cell cycle arrest, differentiation of leukaemic cells and failure to establish leukaemia in immunodeficient mice. We show that METTL3, independently of METTL14, associates with chromatin and localizes to the transcriptional start sites of active genes. The vast majority of these genes have the CAATT-box binding protein CEBPZ present at the transcriptional start site, and this is required for recruitment of METTL3 to chromatin. Promoter-bound METTL3 induces m6A modification within the coding region of the associated mRNA transcript, and enhances its translation by relieving ribosome stalling. We show that genes regulated by METTL3 in this way are necessary for acute myeloid leukaemia. Together, these data define METTL3 as a regulator of a chromatin-based pathway that is necessary for maintenance of the leukaemic state and identify this enzyme as a potential therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukaemia.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine/genetics
- Adenosine/metabolism
- Animals
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Chromatin/genetics
- Chromatin/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Genes, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Methyltransferases/chemistry
- Methyltransferases/deficiency
- Methyltransferases/genetics
- Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Mice
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Biosynthesis/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Ribosomes/metabolism
- Transcription Initiation Site
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaia Barbieri
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Konstantinos Tzelepis
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Luca Pandolfini
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Junwei Shi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Gonzalo Millán-Zambrano
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Samuel C. Robson
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Demetrios Aspris
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Valentina Migliori
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Andrew J. Bannister
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Namshik Han
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Etienne De Braekeleer
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hannes Ponstingl
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Alan Hendrick
- Storm Therapeutics Ltd, Moneta building (B280), Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Christopher R. Vakoc
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - George S. Vassiliou
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Tony Kouzarides
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Daliri K, Ljubimov AV, Hekmatimoghaddam S. Glaucoma, Stem Cells, and Gene Therapy: Where Are We Now? Int J Stem Cells 2017; 10:119-128. [PMID: 28844129 PMCID: PMC5741193 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc17029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness, affecting 70∼80 million people around the world. The death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is the main cause of blindness related to this disease. Current therapies do not provide enough protection and regeneration of RGCs. A novel opportunity for treatment of glaucoma is application of technologies related to stem cell and gene therapy. In this perspective we will thus focus on emerging approaches to glaucoma treatment including stem cells and gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Daliri
- Neurogenetic Ward, Comprehensive Child Developmental Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Visiting Scientist at Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander V Ljubimov
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddam
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Matatall KA, Jeong M, Chen S, Sun D, Chen F, Mo Q, Kimmel M, King KY. Chronic Infection Depletes Hematopoietic Stem Cells through Stress-Induced Terminal Differentiation. Cell Rep 2017; 17:2584-2595. [PMID: 27926863 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections affect a third of the world's population and can cause bone marrow suppression, a severe condition that increases mortality from infection. To uncover the basis for infection-associated bone marrow suppression, we conducted repeated infection of WT mice with Mycobacterium avium. After 4-6 months, mice became pancytopenic. Their hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) were severely depleted and displayed interferon gamma (IFN-γ) signaling-dependent defects in self-renewal. There was no evidence of increased HSPC mobilization or apoptosis. However, consistent with known effects of IFN-γ, transcriptome analysis pointed toward increased myeloid differentiation of HSPCs and revealed the transcription factor Batf2 as a potential mediator of IFN-γ-induced HSPC differentiation. Gain- and loss-of-function studies uncovered a role for Batf2 in myeloid differentiation in both murine and human systems. We thus demonstrate that chronic infection can deplete HSPCs and identify BATF2 as a mediator of infection-induced HSPC terminal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Matatall
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mira Jeong
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Siyi Chen
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Deqiang Sun
- Institute of Biosciences & Technology, College of Medicine Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fengju Chen
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marek Kimmel
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Systems Engineering Group, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katherine Y King
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; BCM Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Carlson-Stevermer J, Abdeen AA, Kohlenberg L, Goedland M, Molugu K, Lou M, Saha K. Assembly of CRISPR ribonucleoproteins with biotinylated oligonucleotides via an RNA aptamer for precise gene editing. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1711. [PMID: 29167458 PMCID: PMC5700129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Writing specific DNA sequences into the human genome is challenging with non-viral gene-editing reagents, since most of the edited sequences contain various imprecise insertions or deletions. We developed a modular RNA aptamer-streptavidin strategy, termed S1mplex, to complex CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins with a nucleic acid donor template, as well as other biotinylated molecules such as quantum dots. In human cells, tailored S1mplexes increase the ratio of precisely edited to imprecisely edited alleles up to 18-fold higher than standard gene-editing methods, and enrich cell populations containing multiplexed precise edits up to 42-fold. These advances with versatile, preassembled reagents could greatly reduce the time and cost of in vitro or ex vivo gene-editing applications in precision medicine and drug discovery and aid in the development of increased and serial dosing regimens for somatic gene editing in vivo. Using CRISPR to write specific genetic sequences can sometimes be difficult due to the preference of mammalian cells to repair breaks using NHEJ. Here the authors form nanoparticles to localize the template sequence to the nuclease, shifting repair in favor of HDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Carlson-Stevermer
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amr A Abdeen
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lucille Kohlenberg
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Madelyn Goedland
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kaivalya Molugu
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Meng Lou
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Krishanu Saha
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Gundry MC, Dever DP, Yudovich D, Bauer DE, Haas S, Wilkinson AC, Singbrant S. Technical considerations for the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in hematology research. Exp Hematol 2017; 54:4-11. [PMID: 28757433 PMCID: PMC5603407 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients, fighting infections, and repairing tissue damage. Hematopoietic system dysfunction therefore causes a range of serious health consequences. Lifelong hematopoiesis is maintained by repopulating multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that replenish shorter-lived, mature blood cell types. A prokaryotic mechanism of immunity, the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 nuclease system, has been recently "repurposed" to mutate mammalian genomes efficiently and in a sequence-specific manner. The application of this genome-editing technology to hematology has afforded new approaches for functional genomics and even the prospect of "correcting" dysfunctional HSCs in the treatment of serious genetic hematological diseases. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of three recent CRISPR/Cas9 methods in hematology: gene disruption, gene targeting, and saturating mutagenesis. We also summarize the technical considerations and advice provided during the May 2017 International Society of Experimental Hematology New Investigator Committee webinar on the same topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Gundry
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Daniel P Dever
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - David Yudovich
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel E Bauer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Simon Haas
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine and Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, DKFZ German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam C Wilkinson
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
| | - Sofie Singbrant
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Gao F, Han S, Cheah KS, Tse HF, Lian Q. CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Editing System in Human Stem Cells: Current Status and Future Prospects. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 9:230-241. [PMID: 29246302 PMCID: PMC5651489 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genome-editing involves the insertion, deletion, or replacement of DNA in the genome of a living organism using “molecular scissors.” Traditional genome editing with engineered nucleases for human stem cells is limited by its low efficiency, high cost, and poor specificity. The CRISPR system has recently emerged as a powerful gene manipulation technique with advantages of high editing efficiency and low cost. Although this technique offers huge potential for gene manipulation in various organisms ranging from prokaryotes to higher mammals, there remain many challenges in human stem cell research. In this review, we highlight the basic biology and application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in current human stem cell research, discuss its advantages and challenges, and debate the future prospects for human stem cells in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathryn S Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Glia-specific enhancers and chromatin structure regulate NFIA expression and glioma tumorigenesis. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:1520-1528. [PMID: 28892058 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-range enhancer interactions critically regulate gene expression, yet little is known about how their coordinated activities contribute to CNS development or how this may, in turn, relate to disease states. By examining the regulation of the transcription factor NFIA in the developing spinal cord, we identified long-range enhancers that recapitulate NFIA expression across glial and neuronal lineages in vivo. Complementary genetic studies found that Sox9-Brn2 and Isl1-Lhx3 regulate enhancer activity and NFIA expression in glial and neuronal populations. Chromatin conformation analysis revealed that these enhancers and transcription factors form distinct architectures within these lineages in the spinal cord. In glioma models, the glia-specific architecture is present in tumors, and these enhancers are required for NFIA expression and contribute to glioma formation. By delineating three-dimensional mechanisms of gene expression regulation, our studies identify lineage-specific chromatin architectures and associated enhancers that regulate cell fate and tumorigenesis in the CNS.
Collapse
|
180
|
Lei Y, Zhang X, Su J, Jeong M, Gundry MC, Huang YH, Zhou Y, Li W, Goodell MA. Targeted DNA methylation in vivo using an engineered dCas9-MQ1 fusion protein. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16026. [PMID: 28695892 PMCID: PMC5508226 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive studies have shown that DNA methylation plays vital roles in both loss of pluripotency and governance of the transcriptome during embryogenesis and subsequent developmental processes. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns have been widely observed in tumorigenesis, ageing and neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the importance of a systematic understanding of DNA methylation and the dynamic changes of methylomes during disease onset and progression. Here we describe a facile and convenient approach for efficient targeted DNA methylation by fusing inactive Cas9 (dCas9) with an engineered prokaryotic DNA methyltransferase MQ1. Our study presents a rapid and efficient strategy to achieve locus-specific cytosine modifications in the genome without obvious impact on global methylation in 24 h. Finally, we demonstrate our tool can induce targeted CpG methylation in mice by zygote microinjection, thereby demonstrating its potential utility in early development. Understanding how DNA methylation regulates gene expression requires the capacity to deploy it to regions of interest. The authors generate a highly rapid and locus-specific CpG methylation tool by fusing dCas9 to MQ1 DNA methyltransferase and show efficacy at multiple sites in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lei
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianzhong Su
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mira Jeong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael C Gundry
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yung-Hsin Huang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Margaret A Goodell
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Ma Y, Han X, Quintana Bustamante O, Bessa de Castro R, Zhang K, Zhang P, Li Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Ferrari M, Hu Z, Carlos Segovia J, Qin L. Highly efficient genome editing of human hematopoietic stem cells via a nano-silicon-blade delivery approach. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:548-554. [PMID: 28513735 PMCID: PMC5598083 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00060j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 bacterial immunity system has opened a promising avenue to treat genetic diseases that affect the human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Therefore, finding a highly efficient delivery method capable of modifying the genome in the hard-to-transfect HSCs, combined with the advanced CRISPR-Cas9 system, may meet the challenges for dissecting the hematologic disease mechanisms and facilitate future clinical applications. Here, we developed an effective HSC-specified delivery microfluidic chip to disrupt the cell membrane transiently by inducing rapid mechanical deformation that allowed the delivery of biomaterials into the cytoplasm from the surrounding matrix. Compared with the previous designs, the new nano-silicon-blade structure was specifically optimized for HSCs. Using the silicon substrate, the sharpness and rigidity of the nano-blade constriction was largely enhanced to improve the biomaterials delivery efficiency. We achieved highly efficient delivery results by transporting various macro-molecules into the HSCs. Moreover, the treated HSCs possess high viability and maintain inherent pluripotency after the delivery via the Nano-Blade Chip (NB-Chip). Subsequently, we disrupted the p42 isoform in C/EBPα on the NB-Chip and induced HSCs into a myeloid proliferation behavior. In conclusion, the NB-Chip provides a harmless, rapid and high-throughput gene editing approach for the HSC study and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- College of Materials Sciences and Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
182
|
p53 is essential for DNA methylation homeostasis in naïve embryonic stem cells, and its loss promotes clonal heterogeneity. Genes Dev 2017; 31:959-972. [PMID: 28607180 PMCID: PMC5495125 DOI: 10.1101/gad.299198.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Tovy et al. investigated p53's contributions to epigenetic regulation and stem cell biology and showed that, in naïve mouse ESCs (mESCs), p53 restricts the expression of the de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b while up-regulating Tet1 and Tet2, which promote DNA demethylation. Their findings provide insight into a new role for p53 in maintaining DNA methylation homeostasis and clonal homogeneity in ESCs. DNA methylation is a key regulator of embryonic stem cell (ESC) biology, dynamically changing between naïve, primed, and differentiated states. The p53 tumor suppressor is a pivotal guardian of genomic stability, but its contributions to epigenetic regulation and stem cell biology are less explored. We report that, in naïve mouse ESCs (mESCs), p53 restricts the expression of the de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b while up-regulating Tet1 and Tet2, which promote DNA demethylation. The DNA methylation imbalance in p53-deficient (p53−/−) mESCs is the result of augmented overall DNA methylation as well as increased methylation landscape heterogeneity. In differentiating p53−/− mESCs, elevated methylation persists, albeit more mildly. Importantly, concomitant with DNA methylation heterogeneity, p53−/− mESCs display increased cellular heterogeneity both in the “naïve” state and upon induced differentiation. This impact of p53 loss on 5-methylcytosine (5mC) heterogeneity was also evident in human ESCs and mouse embryos in vivo. Hence, p53 helps maintain DNA methylation homeostasis and clonal homogeneity, a function that may contribute to its tumor suppressor activity.
Collapse
|
183
|
Reimer J, Knöß S, Labuhn M, Charpentier EM, Göhring G, Schlegelberger B, Klusmann JH, Heckl D. CRISPR-Cas9-induced t(11;19)/MLL-ENL translocations initiate leukemia in human hematopoietic progenitor cells in vivo. Haematologica 2017; 102:1558-1566. [PMID: 28572162 PMCID: PMC5685230 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.164046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations that generate oncogenic fusion proteins are causative for most pediatric leukemias and frequently affect the MLL/KMT2A gene. In vivo modeling of bona fide chromosomal translocations in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is challenging but essential to determine their actual leukemogenic potential. We therefore developed an advanced lentiviral CRISPR-Cas9 vector that efficiently transduced human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and induced the t(11;19)/MLL-ENL translocation. Leveraging this system, we could demonstrate that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells harboring the translocation showed only a transient clonal growth advantage in vitro In contrast, t(11;19)/MLL-ENL-harboring CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells not only showed long-term engraftment in primary immunodeficient recipients, but t(11;19)/MLL-ENL also served as a first hit to initiate a monocytic leukemia-like disease. Interestingly, secondary recipients developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia with incomplete penetrance. These findings indicate that environmental cues not only contribute to the disease phenotype, but also to t(11;19)/MLL-ENL-mediated oncogenic transformation itself. Thus, by investigating the true chromosomal t(11;19) rearrangement in its natural genomic context, our study emphasizes the importance of environmental cues for the pathogenesis of pediatric leukemias, opening an avenue for novel treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Reimer
- Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Sabine Knöß
- Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Maurice Labuhn
- Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle M Charpentier
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | | | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Germany Klusmann.Jan-Henning@mh-hannover
| | - Dirk Heckl
- Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Germany Klusmann.Jan-Henning@mh-hannover
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
|
185
|
CD7-edited T cells expressing a CD7-specific CAR for the therapy of T-cell malignancies. Blood 2017; 130:285-296. [PMID: 28539325 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-01-761320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extending the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells to T-cell malignancies is problematic because most target antigens are shared between normal and malignant cells, leading to CAR T-cell fratricide. CD7 is a transmembrane protein highly expressed in acute T-cell leukemia (T-ALL) and in a subset of peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Normal expression of CD7 is largely confined to T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, reducing the risk of off-target-organ toxicity. Here, we show that the expression of a CD7-specific CAR impaired expansion of transduced T cells because of residual CD7 expression and the ensuing fratricide. We demonstrate that targeted genomic disruption of the CD7 gene prevented this fratricide and enabled expansion of CD7 CAR T cells without compromising their cytotoxic function. CD7 CAR T cells produced robust cytotoxicity against malignant T-cell lines and primary tumors and were protective in a mouse xenograft model of T-ALL. Although CD7 CAR T cells were also toxic against unedited (CD7+) T and NK lymphocytes, we show that the CD7-edited T cells themselves can respond to viral peptides and therefore could be protective against pathogens. Hence, genomic disruption of a target antigen overcomes fratricide of CAR T cells and establishes the feasibility of using CD7 CAR T cells for the targeted therapy of T-cell malignancies.
Collapse
|
186
|
Gao S, Sun H, Cheng C, Wang G. BRCA1-Associated Protein-1 Suppresses Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Migration Through Regulation PI3K/Akt Pathway. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:386-393. [PMID: 28256910 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Gao
- First Department of Orthopedics, Cangzhou City Central Hospital, Cangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjiang Sun
- First Department of Orthopedics, Cangzhou City Central Hospital, Cangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Cheng
- First Department of Orthopedics, Cangzhou City Central Hospital, Cangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangya Wang
- Second Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cangzhou City Central Hospital, Cangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Human T cell development notched up a level. Nat Methods 2017; 14:477-478. [PMID: 28448067 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
188
|
Ando K, Parsons MJ, Shah RB, Charendoff CI, Paris SL, Liu PH, Fassio SR, Rohrman BA, Thompson R, Oberst A, Sidi S, Bouchier-Hayes L. NPM1 directs PIDDosome-dependent caspase-2 activation in the nucleolus. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1795-1810. [PMID: 28432080 PMCID: PMC5461015 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201608095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The PIDDosome (PIDD-RAIDD-caspase-2 complex) is considered to be the primary signaling platform for caspase-2 activation in response to genotoxic stress. Yet studies of PIDD-deficient mice show that caspase-2 activation can proceed in the absence of PIDD. Here we show that DNA damage induces the assembly of at least two distinct activation platforms for caspase-2: a cytoplasmic platform that is RAIDD dependent but PIDD independent, and a nucleolar platform that requires both PIDD and RAIDD. Furthermore, the nucleolar phosphoprotein nucleophosmin (NPM1) acts as a scaffold for PIDD and is essential for PIDDosome assembly in the nucleolus after DNA damage. Inhibition of NPM1 impairs caspase-2 processing, apoptosis, and caspase-2-dependent inhibition of cell growth, demonstrating that the NPM1-dependent nucleolar PIDDosome is a key initiator of the caspase-2 activation cascade. Thus we have identified the nucleolus as a novel site for caspase-2 activation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiro Ando
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Melissa J Parsons
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Richa B Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Chloé I Charendoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Sheré L Paris
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Peter H Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Sara R Fassio
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Brittany A Rohrman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ruth Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Samuel Sidi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 .,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Lisa Bouchier-Hayes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Spira A, Yurgelun MB, Alexandrov L, Rao A, Bejar R, Polyak K, Giannakis M, Shilatifard A, Finn OJ, Dhodapkar M, Kay NE, Braggio E, Vilar E, Mazzilli SA, Rebbeck TR, Garber JE, Velculescu VE, Disis ML, Wallace DC, Lippman SM. Precancer Atlas to Drive Precision Prevention Trials. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1510-1541. [PMID: 28373404 PMCID: PMC6681830 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer development is a complex process driven by inherited and acquired molecular and cellular alterations. Prevention is the holy grail of cancer elimination, but making this a reality will take a fundamental rethinking and deep understanding of premalignant biology. In this Perspective, we propose a national concerted effort to create a Precancer Atlas (PCA), integrating multi-omics and immunity - basic tenets of the neoplastic process. The biology of neoplasia caused by germline mutations has led to paradigm-changing precision prevention efforts, including: tumor testing for mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in Lynch syndrome establishing a new paradigm, combinatorial chemoprevention efficacy in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), signal of benefit from imaging-based early detection research in high-germline risk for pancreatic neoplasia, elucidating early ontogeny in BRCA1-mutation carriers leading to an international breast cancer prevention trial, and insights into the intricate germline-somatic-immunity interaction landscape. Emerging genetic and pharmacologic (metformin) disruption of mitochondrial (mt) respiration increased autophagy to prevent cancer in a Li-Fraumeni mouse model (biology reproduced in clinical pilot) and revealed profound influences of subtle changes in mt DNA background variation on obesity, aging, and cancer risk. The elaborate communication between the immune system and neoplasia includes an increasingly complex cellular microenvironment and dynamic interactions between host genetics, environmental factors, and microbes in shaping the immune response. Cancer vaccines are in early murine and clinical precancer studies, building on the recent successes of immunotherapy and HPV vaccine immune prevention. Molecular monitoring in Barrett's esophagus to avoid overdiagnosis/treatment highlights an important PCA theme. Next generation sequencing (NGS) discovered age-related clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). Ultra-deep NGS reports over the past year have redefined the premalignant landscape remarkably identifying tiny clones in the blood of up to 95% of women in their 50s, suggesting that potentially premalignant clones are ubiquitous. Similar data from eyelid skin and peritoneal and uterine lavage fluid provide unprecedented opportunities to dissect the earliest phases of stem/progenitor clonal (and microenvironment) evolution/diversity with new single-cell and liquid biopsy technologies. Cancer mutational signatures reflect exogenous or endogenous processes imprinted over time in precursors. Accelerating the prevention of cancer will require a large-scale, longitudinal effort, leveraging diverse disciplines (from genetics, biochemistry, and immunology to mathematics, computational biology, and engineering), initiatives, technologies, and models in developing an integrated multi-omics and immunity PCA - an immense national resource to interrogate, target, and intercept events that drive oncogenesis. Cancer Res; 77(7); 1510-41. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avrum Spira
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology and Bioinformatics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew B Yurgelun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ludmil Alexandrov
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Anjana Rao
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | - Rafael Bejar
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Madhav Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Neil E Kay
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Esteban Braggio
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah A Mazzilli
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology and Bioinformatics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victor E Velculescu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary L Disis
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott M Lippman
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Cavazzana M, Antoniani C, Miccio A. Gene Therapy for β-Hemoglobinopathies. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1142-1154. [PMID: 28377044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD) are the world's two most widely disseminated hereditary hemoglobinopathies. β-Thalassemia originated in the Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Asian regions, and SCD originated in central Africa. However, subsequent population migration means that these two diseases are now global and thus constitute a growing health problem in many countries. Despite remarkable improvements in medical care for patients with β-hemoglobinopathies, there is still only one definitive treatment option: allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. The development of gene therapy for β-hemoglobinopathies has been justified by (1) the limited availability of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical donors, (2) the narrow window of application of HSC transplantation to the youngest patients, and (3) recent advances in HSC-based gene therapy. The huge ongoing efforts in translational medicine and the high number of related publications show that gene therapy has the potential to become the treatment of choice for patients who lack either an HLA genoidentical sibling or an alternative, medically acceptable donor. In this dynamic scientific context, we first summarize the main steps toward clinical translation of this therapeutic approach and then discuss novel lentiviral- and genome editing-based treatment strategies for β-hemoglobinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cavazzana
- Biotherapy Department, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Chiara Antoniani
- Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Annarita Miccio
- Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation, 75015 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|