151
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Lazar IM, Deng J, Stremler MA, Ahuja S. Microfluidic reactors for advancing the MS analysis of fast biological responses. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2019; 5:7. [PMID: 31057934 PMCID: PMC6369226 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The response of cells to physical or chemical stimuli is complex, unfolding on time-scales from seconds to days, with or without de novo protein synthesis, and involving signaling processes that are transient or sustained. By combining the technology of microfluidics that supports fast and precise execution of a variety of cell handling operations, with that of mass spectrometry detection that facilitates an accurate and complex characterization of the protein complement of cells, in this work, we developed a platform that supports (near) real-time sampling and proteome-level capturing of cellular responses to a perturbation such as treatment with mitogens. The geometric design of the chip supports three critical features: (a) capture of a sufficient number of cells to meet the detection limit requirements of mass spectrometry instrumentation, (b) fluid delivery for uniform stimulation of the resident cells, and (c) fast cell recovery, lysis and processing for accurate sampling of time-sensitive cellular responses to a stimulus. COMSOL simulations and microscopy were used to predict and evaluate the flow behavior inside the microfluidic device. Proteomic analysis of the cellular extracts generated by the chip experiments revealed that the identified proteins were representative of all cellular locations, exosomes, and major biological processes related to proliferation and signaling, demonstrating that the device holds promising potential for integration into complex lab-on-chip work-flows that address systems biology questions. The applicability of the chips to study time-sensitive cellular responses is discussed in terms of technological challenges and biological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia M. Lazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016 USA
| | - Jingren Deng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Mark A. Stremler
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, 780 Drillfield Drive, Room 333P, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Shreya Ahuja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
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152
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Sharifi Noghabi H, Soo M, Khamenehfar A, Li PC. Dielectrophoretic trapping of single leukemic cells using the conventional and compact optical measurement systems. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1478-1485. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Sharifi Noghabi
- Department of chemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
- Department of chemistryFaculty of SciencesFerdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
| | - Mandy Soo
- Department of chemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - Avid Khamenehfar
- Department of chemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - Paul C.H. Li
- Department of chemistrySimon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
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153
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A new non-dimensional parameter to obtain the minimum mixing length in tree-like concentration gradient generators. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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154
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Scheler O, Postek W, Garstecki P. Recent developments of microfluidics as a tool for biotechnology and microbiology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 55:60-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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155
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Abstract
Microfluidics platforms can program small amounts of fluids to execute a bio-protocol, and thus, can automate the work of a technician and also integrate a large part of laboratory equipment. Although most microfluidic systems have considerably reduced the size of a laboratory, they are still benchtop units, of a size comparable to a desktop computer. In this paper, we argue that achieving true mobility in microfluidics would revolutionize the domain by making laboratory services accessible during traveling or even in daily situations, such as sport and outdoor activities. We review the existing efforts to achieve mobility in microfluidics, and we discuss the conditions mobile biochips need to satisfy. In particular, we show how we adapted an existing biochip for mobile use, and we present the results when using it during a train ride. Based on these results and our systematic discussion, we identify the challenges that need to be overcome at technical, usability and social levels. In analogy to the history of computing, we make some predictions on the future of mobile biochips. In our vision, mobile biochips will disrupt how people interact with a wide range of healthcare processes, including medical testing and synthesis of on-demand medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Alistar
- Atlas Institute and Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0320, USA.
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156
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Fiorucci G, Padding JT, Dijkstra M. Small asymmetric Brownian objects self-align in nanofluidic channels. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:321-330. [PMID: 30556572 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the self-alignment of asymmetric macro-sized objects of a few tens of microns in size have been studied extensively in experiments and theory, access to much smaller length scales is still hindered by technical challenges. We combine molecular dynamics and stochastic rotation dynamics techniques to investigate the self-orientation phenomenon at different length scales, ranging from the micron to the nano scale by progressively increasing the relative strength of diffusion over convection. To this end, we model an asymmetric dumbbell particle in Hele-Shaw flow and explore a wide range of Péclet numbers (Pe) and different particle shapes, as characterized by the size ratio of the two dumbbell spheres (R[combining tilde]). By independently varying these two parameters we analyse the process of self-orientation and characterize the alignment of the dumbbell with the direction of the fluid flow. We identify three different regimes of strong, weak and no alignment and we map out a state diagram in Pe versus R[combining tilde] plane. Based on these results, we estimate dimensional length scales and flow rates for which these findings would be applicable in experiments. Finally, we find that the characteristic reorientation time of the dumbbell is a monotonically decreasing function of the dumbbell anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fiorucci
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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157
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Chi PY, Spuul P, Tseng FG, Genot E, Chou CF, Taloni A. Cell Migration in Microfluidic Devices: Invadosomes Formation in Confined Environments. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1146:79-103. [PMID: 31612455 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-17593-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The last 20 years have seen the blooming of microfluidics technologies applied to biological sciences. Microfluidics provides effective tools for biological analysis, allowing the experimentalists to extend their playground to single cells and single molecules, with high throughput and resolution which were inconceivable few decades ago. In particular, microfluidic devices are profoundly changing the conventional way of studying the cell motility and cell migratory dynamics. In this chapter we will furnish a comprehensive view of the advancements made in the research domain of confinement-induced cell migration, thanks to the use of microfluidic devices. The chapter is subdivided in three parts. Each section will be addressing one of the fundamental questions that the microfluidic technology is contributing to unravel: (i) where cell migration takes place, (ii) why cells migrate and, (iii) how the cells migrate. The first introductory part is devoted to a thumbnail, and partially historical, description of microfluidics and its impact in biological sciences. Stress will be put on two aspects of the devices fabrication process, which are crucial for biological applications: materials used and coating methods. The second paragraph concerns the cell migration induced by environmental cues: chemical, leading to chemotaxis, mechanical, at the basis of mechanotaxis, and electrical, which induces electrotaxis. Each of them will be addressed separately, highlighting the fundamental role of microfluidics in providing the well-controlled experimental conditions where cell migration can be induced, investigated and ultimately understood. The third part of the chapter is entirely dedicated to how the cells move in confined environments. Invadosomes (the joint name for podosomes and invadopodia) are cell protrusion that contribute actively to cell migration or invasion. The formation of invadosomes under confinement is a research topic that only recently has caught the attention of the scientific community: microfluidic design is helping shaping the future direction of this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yin Chi
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pirjo Spuul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Elisabeth Genot
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Chia-Fu Chou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Genomics Research Center and Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Alessandro Taloni
- Institute for Complex Systems, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy.
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158
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Cummins KA, Crampton AL, Wood DK. A High-Throughput Workflow to Study Remodeling of Extracellular Matrix-Based Microtissues. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 25:25-36. [PMID: 30430922 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The described microtissue-microwell workflow is uniquely suited for high-throughput study of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels and demonstrates possibilities of studying progressive, heterogeneous diseases in a way that is meaningful for drug discovery and development. We outline several assays that can be utilized in studying tissue-level diseases and functions that involve cell-ECM interactions and ECM remodeling (e.g., cancer, fibrosis, wound healing) in pursuit of an improved three-dimensional cell culturing system. Finally, we demonstrate the ability to cryopreserve cells encapsulated in microtissue constructs while remaining highly viable, proliferative, and retaining cell functions that are involved in ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Cummins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Alexandra L Crampton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David K Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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159
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Yang Y, Zeng Y. Microfluidic communicating vessel chip for expedited and automated immunomagnetic assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3830-3839. [PMID: 30394473 PMCID: PMC6279511 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00927a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive analysis of protein biomarkers is of tremendous biological and clinical significance. Immunoassays are workhorse tools for protein analysis and have been under continuous investigation to develop new methods and to improve the analytical performance. Herein we report a pneumatically gated microfluidic communicating vessel (μCOVE) chip for rapid and sensitive immunomagnetic ELISA. A distinct feature of our device is that it employs the communicating vessel principle as a simple means to generate a fast transient hydrodynamic flow to enable effective flow washing without the need for excessive incubation, which greatly simplifies and expedites the assay workflow, compared to conventional microfluidic flow-based immunoassays. Stationary multi-phase microfluidic techniques have been developed for fast bead washing. However, they have some limitations, such as the need for careful control of interfacial properties, large bead quantity required for reliable interphase bead transport, and relatively high bead loss during surface tension-gated traverse. Our single-phase μCOVE chip can overcome such limitations and facilitate the manipulation of magnetic beads to streamline the assay workflow. We showed that the μCOVE device affords highly sensitive quantification of the CEA and EGFR proteins with a LOD down to the sub-picogram per mL level. Direct detection of the EGFR in the crude A431 cell lysate was also demonstrated to further validate the ability of our device for rapid and quantitative analysis of complex biological samples. Overall, our work presents a unique platform that combines the merits of the stationary multi-phase systems and the flow-based microfluidics. This novel immunoassay microsystem has promising potential for a broad range of biological and clinical applications, owing to its simplicity and high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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160
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Development of the Microfluidic Device to Regulate Shear Stress Gradients. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-018-2407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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161
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Shah A, Saeed S, Khan SA. Numerical investigation of bubbles coalescence in a shear flow with diffuse-interface model. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01024. [PMID: 30582045 PMCID: PMC6288421 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we apply the diffuse-interface model [developed by Shah and Yuan (2011) [21]] for collision and coalescence of two bubbles in a linear shear flow. The governing equations consist of a system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations for conservation of mass, momentum and phase transport. In the two-phase flow, the diffuse-interface model relaxes certain numerical difficulties for tracking the moving interface. An artificial compressibility based numerical scheme is implemented to study the effects of surface tension on bubbles coalescence and separation. We found the critical value of the surface tension coefficient and observed that lowering the surface tension coefficient from the critical value prevent bubbles to coalesce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Shah
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad-45550, Pakistan
- LSEC and Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing, Academy of Mathematics & Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- Corresponding author at: Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad-45550, Pakistan.
| | - Sadia Saeed
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad-45550, Pakistan
| | - Saher Akmal Khan
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad-45550, Pakistan
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162
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Kurkjian HM. The Metapopulation Microcosm Plate: A modified 96‐well plate for use in microbial metapopulation experiments. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Kurkjian
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley California
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163
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PDMS-free microfluidic cell culture with integrated gas supply through a porous membrane of anodized aluminum oxide. Biomed Microdevices 2018; 20:98. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-018-0343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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164
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Suryawanshi PL, Gumfekar SP, Bhanvase BA, Sonawane SH, Pimplapure MS. A review on microreactors: Reactor fabrication, design, and cutting-edge applications. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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165
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Liu HC, Gang EJ, Kim HN, Lim HG, Jung H, Chen R, Abdel-Azim H, Shung KK, Kim YM. Characterizing Deformability of Drug Resistant Patient-Derived Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Cells Using Acoustic Tweezers. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15708. [PMID: 30356155 PMCID: PMC6200731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of cell mechanics in cancer cells is a novel research area that has resulted in the identification of new mechanisms of therapy resistance. Single beam acoustic (SBA) tweezers are a promising technology for the quantification of the mechanical phenotype of cells. Our previous study showed that SBA tweezers can be used to quantify the deformability of adherent breast cancer cell lines. The physical properties of patient-derived (primary) pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells involved in chemotherapeutic resistance have not been widely investigated. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of analyzing primary pre-B ALL cells from four cases using SBA tweezers. ALL cells showed increased deformability with increasing acoustic pressure of the SBA tweezers. Moreover, ALL cells that are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs were more deformable than were untreated ALL cells. We demonstrated that SBA tweezers can quantify the deformability of nonadherent leukemia cells and discriminate this mechanical phenotype in chemotherapy-resistant leukemia cells in a contact- and label-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Eun Ji Gang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Hye Na Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Hae Gyun Lim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering and Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayong Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ruimin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Hisham Abdel-Azim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - K Kirk Shung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Yong-Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
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166
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Nasseri B, Soleimani N, Rabiee N, Kalbasi A, Karimi M, Hamblin MR. Point-of-care microfluidic devices for pathogen detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:112-128. [PMID: 29890393 PMCID: PMC6082696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The rapid diagnosis of pathogens is crucial in the early stages of treatment of diseases where the choice of the correct drug can be critical. Although conventional cell culture-based techniques have been widely utilized in clinical applications, newly introduced optical-based, microfluidic chips are becoming attractive. The advantages of the novel methods compared to the conventional techniques comprise more rapid diagnosis, lower consumption of patient sample and valuable reagents, easy application, and high reproducibility in the detection of pathogens. The miniaturized channels used in microfluidic systems simulate interactions between cells and reagents in microchannel structures, and evaluate the interactions between biological moieties to enable diagnosis of microorganisms. The overarching goal of this review is to provide a summary of the development of microfluidic biochips and to comprehensively discuss different applications of microfluidic biochips in the detection of pathogens. New types of microfluidic systems and novel techniques for viral pathogen detection (e.g. HIV, HVB, ZIKV) are covered. Next generation techniques relying on high sensitivity, specificity, lower consumption of precious reagents, suggest that rapid generation of results can be achieved via optical based detection of bacterial cells. The introduction of smartphones to replace microscope based observation has substantially improved cell detection, and allows facile data processing and transfer for presentation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Nasseri
- Departments of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology and Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; Chemical Engineering Deptartment and Bioengineeing Division, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Neda Soleimani
- Departments of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology and Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Kalbasi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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167
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Magnetic Microreactors with Immobilized Enzymes—From Assemblage to Contemporary Applications. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8070282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics, as the technology for continuous flow processing in microscale, is being increasingly elaborated on in enzyme biotechnology and biocatalysis. Enzymatic microreactors are a precious tool for the investigation of catalytic properties and optimization of reaction parameters in a thriving and high-yielding way. The utilization of magnetic forces in the overall microfluidic system has reinforced enzymatic processes, paving the way for novel applications in a variety of research fields. In this review, we hold a discussion on how different magnetic particles combined with the appropriate biocatalyst under the proper system configuration may constitute a powerful microsystem and provide a highly explorable scope.
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168
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Kim AA, Nekimken AL, Fechner S, O'Brien LE, Pruitt BL. Microfluidics for mechanobiology of model organisms. Methods Cell Biol 2018; 146:217-259. [PMID: 30037463 PMCID: PMC6418080 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli play a critical role in organ development, tissue homeostasis, and disease. Understanding how mechanical signals are processed in multicellular model systems is critical for connecting cellular processes to tissue- and organism-level responses. However, progress in the field that studies these phenomena, mechanobiology, has been limited by lack of appropriate experimental techniques for applying repeatable mechanical stimuli to intact organs and model organisms. Microfluidic platforms, a subgroup of microsystems that use liquid flow for manipulation of objects, are a promising tool for studying mechanobiology of small model organisms due to their size scale and ease of customization. In this work, we describe design considerations involved in developing a microfluidic device for studying mechanobiology. Then, focusing on worms, fruit flies, and zebrafish, we review current microfluidic platforms for mechanobiology of multicellular model organisms and their tissues and highlight research opportunities in this developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Kim
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Beth L Pruitt
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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169
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Fernandes AC, Gernaey KV, Krühne U. “Connecting worlds – a view on microfluidics for a wider application”. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1341-1366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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170
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Bezinge L, Maceiczyk RM, Lignos I, Kovalenko MV, deMello AJ. Pick a Color MARIA: Adaptive Sampling Enables the Rapid Identification of Complex Perovskite Nanocrystal Compositions with Defined Emission Characteristics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18869-18878. [PMID: 29766716 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the development of hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals (NCs) have demonstrated their versatility and potential application in photovoltaics and as light sources through compositional tuning of optical properties. That said, due to their compositional complexity, the targeted synthesis of mixed-cation and/or mixed-halide LHP NCs still represents an immense challenge for traditional batch-scale chemistry. To address this limitation, we herein report the integration of a high-throughput segmented-flow microfluidic reactor and a self-optimizing algorithm for the synthesis of NCs with defined emission properties. The algorithm, named Multiparametric Automated Regression Kriging Interpolation and Adaptive Sampling (MARIA), iteratively computes optimal sampling points at each stage of an experimental sequence to reach a target emission peak wavelength based on spectroscopic measurements. We demonstrate the efficacy of the method through the synthesis of multinary LHP NCs, (Cs/FA)Pb(I/Br)3 (FA = formamidinium) and (Rb/Cs/FA)Pb(I/Br)3 NCs, using MARIA to rapidly identify reagent concentrations that yield user-defined photoluminescence peak wavelengths in the green-red spectral region. The procedure returns a robust model around a target output in far fewer measurements than systematic screening of parametric space and additionally enables the prediction of other spectral properties, such as, full-width at half-maximum and intensity, for conditions yielding NCs with similar emission peak wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics , Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
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172
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Biocatalyst Screening with a Twist: Application of Oxygen Sensors Integrated in Microchannels for Screening Whole Cell Biocatalyst Variants. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5020030. [PMID: 29642515 PMCID: PMC6027248 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective oxidative functionalization of molecules is a highly relevant and often demanding reaction in organic chemistry. The use of biocatalysts allows the stereo- and regioselective introduction of oxygen molecules in organic compounds at milder conditions and avoids the use of complex group-protection schemes and toxic compounds usually applied in conventional organic chemistry. The identification of enzymes with the adequate properties for the target reaction and/or substrate requires better and faster screening strategies. In this manuscript, a microchannel with integrated oxygen sensors was applied to the screening of wild-type and site-directed mutated variants of naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO) from Pseudomonas sp. NICB 9816-4. The oxygen sensors were used to measure the oxygen consumption rate of several variants during the conversion of styrene to 1-phenylethanediol. The oxygen consumption rate allowed the distinguishing of endogenous respiration of the cell host from the oxygen consumed in the reaction. Furthermore, it was possible to identify the higher activity and different reaction rate of two variants, relative to the wild-type NDO. The meander microchannel with integrated oxygen sensors can therefore be used as a simple and fast screening platform for the selection of dioxygenase mutants, in terms of their ability to convert styrene, and potentially in terms of substrate specificity.
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173
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Nascimento A, Pinto IF, Chu V, Aires-Barros MR, Conde JP, Azevedo AM. Studies on the purification of antibody fragments. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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174
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Colombo S, Beck-Broichsitter M, Bøtker JP, Malmsten M, Rantanen J, Bohr A. Transforming nanomedicine manufacturing toward Quality by Design and microfluidics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 128:115-131. [PMID: 29626549 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanopharmaceuticals aim at translating the unique features of nano-scale materials into therapeutic products and consequently their development relies critically on the progression in manufacturing technology to allow scalable processes complying with process economy and quality assurance. The relatively high failure rate in translational nanopharmaceutical research and development, with respect to new products on the market, is at least partly due to immature bottom-up manufacturing development and resulting sub-optimal control of quality attributes in nanopharmaceuticals. Recently, quality-oriented manufacturing of pharmaceuticals has undergone an unprecedented change toward process and product development interaction. In this context, Quality by Design (QbD) aims to integrate product and process development resulting in an increased number of product applications to regulatory agencies and stronger proprietary defense strategies of process-based products. Although QbD can be applied to essentially any production approach, microfluidic production offers particular opportunities for QbD-based manufacturing of nanopharmaceuticals. Microfluidics provides unique design flexibility, process control and parameter predictability, and also offers ample opportunities for modular production setups, allowing process feedback for continuously operating production and process control. The present review aims at outlining emerging opportunities in the synergistic implementation of QbD strategies and microfluidic production in contemporary development and manufacturing of nanopharmaceuticals. In doing so, aspects of design and development, but also technology management, are reviewed, as is the strategic role of these tools for aligning nanopharmaceutical innovation, development, and advanced industrialization in the broader pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Colombo
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Martin Malmsten
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark; Uppsala University, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Bohr
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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175
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Clark J, Kaufman M, Fodor PS. Mixing Enhancement in Serpentine Micromixers with a Non-Rectangular Cross-Section. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E107. [PMID: 30424041 PMCID: PMC6187473 DOI: 10.3390/mi9030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this numerical study, a new type of serpentine micromixer involving mixing units with a non-rectangular cross-section is investigated. Similar to other serpentine/spiral shaped micromixers, the design exploits the formation of transversal vortices (Dean flows) in pressure-driven systems, associated with the centrifugal forces experienced by the fluid as it is confined to move along curved geometries. In contrast with other previous designs, though, the use of non-rectangular cross-sections that change orientation between mixing units is exploited to control the center of rotation of the transversal flows formed. The associated extensional flows that thus develop between the mixing segments complement the existent rotational flows, leading to a more complex fluid motion. The fluid flow characteristics and associated mixing are determined numerically from computational solutions to Navier⁻Stokes equations and the concentration-diffusion equation. It is found that the performance of the investigated mixers exceeds that of simple serpentine channels with a more consistent behavior at low and high Reynolds numbers. An analysis of the mixing quality using an entropic mixing index indicates that maximum mixing can be achieved at Reynolds numbers as small as 20 in less than four serpentine mixing units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Clark
- Department of Physics, Cleveland state University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44236, USA.
| | - Miron Kaufman
- Department of Physics, Cleveland state University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44236, USA.
| | - Petru S Fodor
- Department of Physics, Cleveland state University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44236, USA.
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176
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Shen S, Kou L, Zhang X, Wang D, Niu Y, Wang J. Regulating Secondary Flow in Ultra-Low Aspect Ratio Microchannels by Dimensional Confinement. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201700034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Shen
- College of Life Science; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi 030801 China
| | - Lisha Kou
- College of Life Science; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi 030801 China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- College of Life Science; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi 030801 China
| | - Defu Wang
- College of Life Science; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi 030801 China
| | - Yanbing Niu
- College of Life Science; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi 030801 China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
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177
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Campana O, Wlodkowic D. Ecotoxicology Goes on a Chip: Embracing Miniaturized Bioanalysis in Aquatic Risk Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:932-946. [PMID: 29284083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biological and environmental sciences are, more than ever, becoming highly dependent on technological and multidisciplinary approaches that warrant advanced analytical capabilities. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technologies are perhaps one the most groundbreaking offshoots of bioengineering, enabling design of an entirely new generation of bioanalytical instrumentation. They represent a unique approach to combine microscale engineering and physics with specific biological questions, providing technological advances that allow for fundamentally new capabilities in the spatiotemporal analysis of molecules, cells, tissues, and even small metazoan organisms. While these miniaturized analytical technologies experience an explosive growth worldwide, with a substantial promise of a direct impact on biosciences, it seems that lab-on-a-chip systems have so far escaped the attention of aquatic ecotoxicologists. In this Critical Review, potential applications of the currently existing and emerging chip-based technologies for aquatic ecotoxicology and water quality monitoring are highlighted. We also offer suggestions on how aquatic ecotoxicology can benefit from adoption of microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices for accelerated bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Campana
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, CSIC , Puerto Real, 11519, Spain
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- School of Science, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia
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178
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Weiss LB, Nikoubashman A, Likos CN. Topology-Sensitive Microfluidic Filter for Polymers of Varying Stiffness. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1426-1431. [PMID: 35650806 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The separation of polymers based on their size, rigidity, and topology is an essential but also highly challenging task for nanoscience and engineering. Using hybrid molecular dynamics simulations that correctly take into account hydrodynamics, we have designed microfluidic channels for separating linear from ring polymers in dilute solutions. We establish that the transport velocity of the polymers is independent of their topology and rigidity when the channel walls are smooth and repulsive. However, when the walls are decorated with attractive spots arranged on lines parallel to the flow, ring polymers exhibit an order of magnitude higher transport velocity compared to linear chains. The spots induce a homeotropic-like reorientation of ring polymers close to walls leading to a tank treading motion along them, whereas linear chains are immobilized upon adsorption. This mechanism becomes more enhanced with increasing polymer rigidity. The presented technique holds thus promise for reliably separating nanoparticles based on their topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B. Weiss
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arash Nikoubashman
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg
7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christos N. Likos
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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179
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Garrido-Maestu A, Azinheiro S, Carvalho J, Abalde-Cela S, Carbó-Argibay E, Diéguez L, Piotrowski M, Kolen’ko YV, Prado M. Combination of Microfluidic Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Gold Nanoparticles for Rapid Detection of Salmonella spp. in Food Samples. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2159. [PMID: 29209283 PMCID: PMC5701617 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. According to the World Health Organization, there are 31 main global hazards, which caused in 2010 600 million foodborne illnesses and 420000 deaths. Among them, Salmonella spp. is one of the most important human pathogens, accounting for more than 90000 cases in Europe and even more in the United States per year. In the current study we report the development, and thorough evaluation in food samples, of a microfluidic system combining loop-mediated isothermal amplification with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This system is intended for low-cost, in situ, detection of different pathogens, as the proposed methodology can be extrapolated to different microorganisms. A very low limit of detection (10 cfu/25 g) was obtained. Furthermore, the evaluation of spiked food samples (chicken, turkey, egg products), completely matched the expected results, as denoted by the index kappa of concordance (value of 1.00). The results obtained for the relative sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were of 100% as well as the positive and negative predictive values.
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180
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Mikkelsen A, Rozynek Z, Khobaib K, Dommersnes P, Fossum JO. Transient deformation dynamics of particle laden droplets in electric field. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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181
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182
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Maceiczyk RM, Hess D, Chiu FWY, Stavrakis S, deMello AJ. Differential detection photothermal spectroscopy: towards ultra-fast and sensitive label-free detection in picoliter & femtoliter droplets. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3654-3663. [PMID: 28967022 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00946a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing importance of droplet-based microfluidics in high-throughput experimentation, few current methods allow the sensitive measurement of absorbance within rapidly moving droplets. To address this significant limitation, we herein present the application of differential detection photothermal interferometry (DDPI) for single-point absorbance quantification in pL- and fL-volume droplets. To assess the efficacy of our approach, we initially measure absorbance in 100 pL droplets at frequencies in excess of 1 kHz and determine a detection limit of 1.4 μmol L-1 for Erythrosin B (A = 3.8 × 10-4). Subsequently, we apply the method to the analysis of fL-volume droplets and droplets generated at frequencies in excess of 10 kHz. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of DDPI as a detection scheme for colorimetric assays. Specifically, we extract the Michaelis-Menten constant for the reaction of β-galactosidase and chlorophenol-red-β-d-galactopyranoside and monitor the metabolomic activity of a population of HL-60 cells at the single cell level. Results establish single-point absorbance detection as a powerful, sensitive and rapid alternative to fluorescence for a wide range of assays within segmented flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Maceiczyk
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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183
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Li J, Barrow DA. A new droplet-forming fluidic junction for the generation of highly compartmentalised capsules. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2873-2881. [PMID: 28731104 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00618g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new oscillatory microfluidic junction is described, which enables the consistent formation of highly uniform and complex double emulsions, and is demonstrated for the encapsulation of four different reagents within the inner droplets (called cores) of the double emulsion droplets. Once the double emulsion droplets had attained a spherical form, the cores assumed specific 3D arrangements, the orchestration of which appeared to depend upon the specific emulsion morphology. Such double emulsion droplets were used as templates to produce highly compartmentalised microcapsules and multisomes. Based on these construct models, we numerically demonstrated a model chemical reaction sequence between and within the liquid cores. This work could provide a platform to perform space/time-dependent applications, such as programmed experiments, synthesis, and delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Applied Microfluidic Laboratory, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - D A Barrow
- Applied Microfluidic Laboratory, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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184
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Chung M, Pigot C, Volz S, Hibara A. Optical Surface Tension Measurement of Two-Dimensionally Confined Liquid Surfaces. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8092-8096. [PMID: 28704036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Surface tension measurement based on spontaneous capillary wave resonance in confined micrometer-sized liquid interfaces was demonstrated. A single-beam quasi-elastic laser scattering method was used to detect the resonance. Characteristic resonant modes were observed on a 44-μm-sized circular water surface. The frequencies of the peaks agreed well with those simulated by assuming planar resonance, and the relationship was further confirmed for triangular, square, and pentagonal water surfaces. Then, the applicability of the method was successfully demonstrated by surface tension measurements of aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The sensitive detection of capillary resonance opens new possibilities for the chemical and biochemical analysis of liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungwha Chung
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Christian Pigot
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS UMI 2820, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Sebastian Volz
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS UMI 2820, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.,Laboratoire d'Energétique Moléculaire et Macroscopique, CNRS UPR 288, Ecole Centrale Paris , Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Akihide Hibara
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.,Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University , 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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185
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Sesen M, Alan T, Neild A. Droplet control technologies for microfluidic high throughput screening (μHTS). LAB ON A CHIP 2017. [PMID: 28631799 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00005g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The transition from micro well plate and robotics based high throughput screening (HTS) to chip based screening has already started. This transition promises reduced droplet volumes thereby decreasing the amount of fluids used in these studies. Moreover, it significantly boosts throughput allowing screening to keep pace with the overwhelming number of molecular targets being discovered. In this review, we analyse state-of-the-art droplet control technologies that exhibit potential to be used in this new generation of screening devices. Since these systems are enclosed and usually planar, even some of the straightforward methods used in traditional HTS such as pipetting and reading can prove challenging to replicate in microfluidic high throughput screening (μHTS). We critically review the technologies developed for this purpose in depth, describing the underlying physics and discussing the future outlooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhsincan Sesen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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186
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Two-Photon Polymerization Metrology: Characterization Methods of Mechanisms and Microstructures. MICROMACHINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC6189958 DOI: 10.3390/mi8040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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187
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A Transdermal Measurement Platform Based on Microfluidics. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/9343824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Franz diffusion cell is one of the most widely used devices to evaluate transdermal drug delivery. However, this static and nonflowing system has some limitations, such as a relatively large solution volume and skin area and the development of gas bubbles during sampling. To overcome these disadvantages, this study provides a proof of concept for miniaturizing models of transdermal delivery by using a microfluidic chip combined with a diffusion cell. The proposed diffusion microchip system requires only 80 μL of sample solution and provides flow circulation. Two model compounds, Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 and potassium ferricyanide, were successfully tested for transdermal delivery experiments. The diffusion rate is high for a high sample concentration or a large membrane pore size. The developed diffusion microchip system, which is feasible, can be applied for transdermal measurement in the future.
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