151
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Kaminker I, Wei W, Schrader AM, Talmon Y, Valentine MT, Israelachvili JN, Waite JH, Han S. Simple peptide coacervates adapted for rapid pressure-sensitive wet adhesion. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:9122-9131. [PMID: 29192930 PMCID: PMC5744669 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01915g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report here that a dense liquid formed by spontaneous condensation, also known as simple coacervation, of a single mussel foot protein-3S-mimicking peptide exhibits properties critical for underwater adhesion. A structurally homogeneous coacervate is deposited on underwater surfaces as micrometer-thick layers, and, after compression, displays orders of magnitude higher underwater adhesion at 2 N m-1 than that reported from thin films of the most adhesive mussel-foot-derived peptides or their synthetic mimics. The increase in adhesion efficiency does not require nor rely on post-deposition curing or chemical processing, but rather represents an intrinsic physical property of the single-component coacervate. Its wet adhesive and rheological properties correlate with significant dehydration, tight peptide packing and restriction in peptide mobility. We suggest that such dense coacervate liquids represent an essential adaptation for the initial priming stages of mussel adhesive deposition, and provide a hitherto untapped design principle for synthetic underwater adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Kaminker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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152
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Pathak J, Priyadarshini E, Rawat K, Bohidar H. Complex coacervation in charge complementary biopolymers: Electrostatic versus surface patch binding. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 250:40-53. [PMID: 29128042 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review, a number of systems are described to demonstrate the effect of polyelectrolyte chain stiffness (persistence length) on the coacervation phenomena, after we briefly review the field. We consider two specific types of complexation/coacervation: in the first type, DNA is used as a fixed substrate binding to flexible polyions such as gelatin A, bovine serum albumin and chitosan (large persistence length polyelectrolyte binding to low persistence length biopolymer), and in the second case, different substrates such as gelatin A, bovine serum albumin, and chitosan were made to bind to a polyion gelatin B (low persistence length substrate binding to comparable persistence length polyion). Polyelectrolyte chain flexibility was found to have remarkable effect on the polyelectrolyte-protein complex coacervation. The competitive interplay of electrostatic versus surface patch binding (SPB) leading to associative interaction followed by complex coacervation between these biopolymers is elucidated. We modelled the SPB interaction in terms of linear combination of attractive and repulsive Coulombic forces with respect to the solution ionic strength. The aforesaid interactions were established via a universal phase diagram, considering the persistence length of polyion as the sole independent variable.
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153
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Carvalho da Silva L, Alves do Nascimento M, Guabiraba Mendes L, Ferro Furtado R, Correia da Costa JM, Luiz Herzog Cardoso A. Optimization of cashew gum and chitosan for microencapsulation of pequi oil by complex coacervation. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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154
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Nanoparticulation of bovine serum albumin and poly-d-lysine through complex coacervation and encapsulation of curcumin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:759-769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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155
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González-Martínez D, Carrillo-Navas H, Barrera-Díaz C, Martínez-Vargas S, Alvarez-Ramírez J, Pérez-Alonso C. Characterization of a novel complex coacervate based on whey protein isolate-tamarind seed mucilage. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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156
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Milyaeva O, Gochev G, Loglio G, Miller R, Noskov B. Influence of polyelectrolytes on dynamic surface properties of fibrinogen solutions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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157
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Cai H, Gabryelczyk B, Manimekalai MSS, Grüber G, Salentinig S, Miserez A. Self-coacervation of modular squid beak proteins - a comparative study. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:7740-7752. [PMID: 29043368 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01352c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The beak of the Humboldt squid is a biocomposite material made solely of organic components - chitin and proteins - which exhibits 200-fold stiffness and hardness gradients from the soft base to the exceptionally hard tip (rostrum). The outstanding mechanical properties of the squid beak are achieved via controlled hydration and impregnation of the chitin-based scaffold by protein coacervates. Molecular-based understanding of these proteins is essential to mimic the natural beak material. Here, we present detailed studies of two histidine-rich beak proteins (HBP-1 and -2) that play central roles during beak bio-fabrication. We show that both proteins have the ability to self-coacervate, which is governed intrinsically by the sequence modularity of their C-terminus and extrinsically by pH and ionic strength. We demonstrate that HBPs possess dynamic structures in solution and achieve maximum folding in the coacervate state, and propose that their self-coacervation is driven by hydrophobic interactions following charge neutralization through salt-screening. Finally, we show that subtle differences in the modular repeats of HBPs result in significant changes in the rheological response of the coacervates. This knowledge may be exploited to design self-coacervating polypeptides for a wide range of engineering and biomedical applications, for example bio-inspired composite materials, smart hydrogels and adhesives, and biomedical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cai
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637553.
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158
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Ferreira GA, Loh W. Liquid crystalline nanoparticles formed by oppositely charged surfactant-polyelectrolyte complexes. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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159
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Souza CJF, da Costa AR, Souza CF, Tosin FFS, Garcia-Rojas EE. Complex coacervation between lysozyme and pectin: Effect of pH, salt, and biopolymer ratio. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:1253-1260. [PMID: 29017886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The complexation between lysozyme and pectin was studied by acidification using zeta potential, turbidity measurements and calorimetry titration. The complexes were analyzed in various NaCl concentrations with different ratios. At ratio 1:1 with 0.01M NaCl, is worth mentioning that the insoluble complexes were formed between pH 2.0 and 7.0, which represents a great range to apply this complex to different food matrices. When the ratio was increased from 1:1 to 3:1, the pH range between the pHφ1 and pHφ2 increased even more. When the NaCl concentration was increased from 0.01M to 0.2M, a progressive reduction of turbidity was observed. At 0.4M NaCl, there was total suppression of complex formation at ratio ≤ 3:1. The process of complex coacervate formation occurred in two different steps, presenting favorable enthalpic as well as entropic contributions. The positive entropy change is a strong indication that water molecules have been released from the complex surface, however the positive sign of TΔS suggests that hydrophobic interactions were involved in the interaction between lysozyme and pectin. Microscopy images of the samples revealed that the complexes presented a spheroid-like appearance which may contribute to possible future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clitor J F Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA), Universidade Federal Rural de Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Angélica R da Costa
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Tecnologia Agroindustrial (LETA), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Av. dos Trabalhadores, 420, Volta Redonda, RJ 27255-125, Brazil
| | - Clyselen F Souza
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Tecnologia Agroindustrial (LETA), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Av. dos Trabalhadores, 420, Volta Redonda, RJ 27255-125, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fogagnoli Simas Tosin
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP), Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba, PR 80250-060, Brazil
| | - Edwin E Garcia-Rojas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA), Universidade Federal Rural de Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Engenharia e Tecnologia Agroindustrial (LETA), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Av. dos Trabalhadores, 420, Volta Redonda, RJ 27255-125, Brazil.
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160
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Tavares GM, Croguennec T, Hamon P, Carvalho AF, Bouhallab S. How the presence of a small molecule affects the complex coacervation between lactoferrin and β-lactoglobulin. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:192-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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161
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Amine C, Boire A, Davy J, Marquis M, Renard D. Droplets-based millifluidic for the rapid determination of biopolymers phase diagrams. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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162
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Voron’ko NG, Derkach SR, Vovk MA, Tolstoy PM. Complexation of κ-carrageenan with gelatin in the aqueous phase analysed by 1H NMR kinetics and relaxation. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 169:117-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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163
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Deng N, Huck WTS. Microfluidic Formation of Monodisperse Coacervate Organelles in Liposomes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan‐Nan Deng
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm T. S. Huck
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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164
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Deng NN, Huck WTS. Microfluidic Formation of Monodisperse Coacervate Organelles in Liposomes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9736-9740. [PMID: 28658517 PMCID: PMC5601218 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Coacervates have been widely studied as model compartments in protocell research. Complex coacervates composed of disordered proteins and RNA have also been shown to play an important role in cellular processes. Herein, we report on a microfluidic strategy for constructing monodisperse coacervate droplets encapsulated within uniform unilamellar liposomes. These structures represent a bottom‐up approach to hierarchically structured protocells, as demonstrated by storage and release of DNA from the encapsulated coacervates as well as localized transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Deng
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm T S Huck
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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165
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Fan Y, Kellermeier M, Xu AY, Boyko V, Mirtschin S, Dubin PL. Modulation of Polyelectrolyte–Micelle Interactions via Zeta Potentials. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxun Fan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Key
Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Matthias Kellermeier
- Advanced
Materials and Systems Research, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Amy Y. Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Volodymyr Boyko
- Advanced
Materials and Systems Research, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mirtschin
- Advanced
Materials and Systems Research, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Paul L. Dubin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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166
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Thakur D, Jain A, Ghoshal G, Shivhare U, Katare O. Microencapsulation of β-Carotene Based on Casein/Guar Gum Blend Using Zeta Potential-Yield Stress Phenomenon: an Approach to Enhance Photo-stability and Retention of Functionality. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:1447-1459. [PMID: 28550604 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Carotene, abundant majorly in carrot, pink guava yams, spinach, kale, sweet potato, and palm oil, is an important nutrient for human health due to its scavenging action upon reactive free radicals wherever produced in the body. Inclusion of liposoluble β-carotene in foods and food ingredients is a challenging aspect due to its labile nature and low absorption from natural sources. This fact has led to the application of encapsulation of β-carotene to improve stability and bioavailability. The present work was aimed to fabricate microcapsules (MCs) of β-carotene oily dispersion using the complex coacervation technique with casein (CA) and guar gum (GG) blend. The ratio of CA:GG was found to be 1:0.5 (w/v) when optimized on the basis of zeta potential-yield stress phenomenon. These possessed a higher percentage yield (71.34 ± 0.55%), lower particle size (176.47 ± 4.65 μm), higher encapsulation efficiency (65.95 ± 5.33%), and in general, a uniform surface morphology was observed with particles showing optimized release behavior. Prepared MCs manifested effective and controlled release (up to 98%) following zero-order kinetics which was adequately explained by the Korseymer-Peppas model. The stability of the freeze-dried MCs was established in simulated gastrointestinal fluids (SGF, SIF) for 8 h. Antioxidant activity of the MCs was studied and revealed the retention of the functional architecture of β-carotene in freeze-dried MCs. Minimal photolytic degradation upon encapsulation of β-carotene addressed the challenge regarding photo-stability of β-carotene as confirmed via mass spectroscopy.
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167
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Zhao W, Jin K, Li J, Qiu X, Li S. Delivery of stromal cell-derived factor 1α for in situ tissue regeneration. J Biol Eng 2017; 11:22. [PMID: 28670340 PMCID: PMC5492719 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-017-0058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In situ tissue regeneration approach aims to exploit the body's own biological resources and reparative capability and recruit host cells by utilizing cell-instructive biomaterials. In order to immobilize and release bioactive factors in biomaterials, it is important to engineer the load effectiveness, release kinetics and cell recruiting capabilities of bioactive molecules by using suitable bonding strategies. Stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) is one of the most potent chemokines for stem cell recruitment, and SDF-1α-loaded scaffolds have been used for the regeneration of many types of tissues. This review summarizes the strategies to incorporate SDF-1α into scaffolds, including direct loading or adsorption, polyion complexes, specific heparin-mediated interaction and particulate system, which may be applied to the immobilization of other chemokines or growth factors. In addition, we discuss the application of these strategies in the regeneration of tissues such as blood vessel, myocardium, cartilage and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Kaixiang Jin
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Xuefeng Qiu
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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168
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Furlani F, Sacco P, Marsich E, Donati I, Paoletti S. Highly monodisperse colloidal coacervates based on a bioactive lactose-modified chitosan: From synthesis to characterization. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:360-368. [PMID: 28821079 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The present contribution aims at describing the fabrication of coacervates in the nano-size range starting from a 1-deoxylactit-1-yl chitosan (in this manuscript termed as CTL60) and the multivalent anion tripolyphosphate (TPP). Colloidal coacervates have been obtained for precise values of the molar ratio of TPP to CTL60 repeating unit. Coacervation is ensured only at pH 4.5 and not at 7.4, thus demonstrating the key role of electrostatic interactions in the stabilization of the coacervates. At a variance with chitosan, CTL60 favors the formation of highly homogeneous coacervates with very low values of the polydispersity index (PDI). Moreover, CTL60 coacervates can be freeze-dried without any cryoprotectant, they can host a model molecule and are stable up to three weeks at 4°C. Conversely, such coacervates dissolve upon increasing pH and ionic strength. By considering the bioactive polycation CTL60, the present system can be suggested as a first step in the development of innovative biologically-active nano-carriers to be used as drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Furlani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Paoletti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
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169
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Yu F, Li Z, Zhang T, Wei Y, Xue Y, Xue C. Influence of encapsulation techniques on the structure, physical properties, and thermal stability of fish oil microcapsules by spray drying. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanqianhui Yu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojie Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinong Wei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xue
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhu Xue
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
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170
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Wang Y, Sukhishvili SA. All-Aqueous Nanoprecipitation: Spontaneous Formation of Hydrogen-Bonded Nanoparticles and Nanocapsules Mediated by Phase Separation of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide). Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28605156 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous formation of polymer nanoparticles of well-defined, <100 nm sizes with controlled solid/hollow morphology and fluorescent properties is reported. The nanoparticle formation is assisted by temperature-triggered nucleation of an amphiphilic polymer-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-and mediated by hydrogen bonding of the emerged nuclei with tannic acid (TA). The pH of solution and TA/PNIPAM ratios are explored as parameters that define TA/PNIPAM assembly. Well-defined nanoparticles are formed in a wide range of neutral pH when the TA/PNIPAM ratio exceeds its critical, pH-dependent value. Dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements as well as atomic force microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy indicate that solid nanoparticles or nanocapsules are formed depending on the solution pH and that enhanced ionization of TA favors hollow morphology. Nanocapsules exhibit label-free fluorescence at neutral pH values and therefore can be useful in imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, 507 River Street, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Svetlana A Sukhishvili
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, 575 Ross St., College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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171
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Roy JC, Salaün F, Giraud S, Ferri A, Guan J. Surface behavior and bulk properties of aqueous chitosan and type-B gelatin solutions for effective emulsion formulation. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:202-214. [PMID: 28732859 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of aqueous chitosan (CH), type-B gelatin (GB) and CH-GB coacervate was studied on oil-in-water emulsion formulation at various pH and concentration ratio. The coacervate was formed by phase separation at ratios CH:GB, 1:10 to 1:1 with total biopolymer concentrations of 0.55%-1.0% (w/v) at pH 4.0-5.5. Soluble complexes were formed below pH 5.0 and coacervate formation was confirmed at pH 5.0 and above by zeta potential and UV-spectroscopy measurements. The coacervate formation was found maximum at the CH-GB ratios of 1:10 and 1:5 at pH 5.5. Formulated emulsions (>10μm droplets) using 1% (w/v) chitosan and GB were found stable (+52.5mv and creaming index 86%) and unstable respectively. Emulsion stabilized by mixed CH:GB 1:5 (3%w/v) had no creaming effect. The instability was attributed to the lower surface activity (K=5.0Lg-1) of pure GB compared to CH (K=14.3Lg-1). The formulation and methods can successfully tune the stability of the emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Chandra Roy
- University Lille Nord de France, F-5900 Lille, France; ENSAIT, GMTEX, F-59100, Roubaix, France; Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Italy; College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Fabien Salaün
- University Lille Nord de France, F-5900 Lille, France; ENSAIT, GMTEX, F-59100, Roubaix, France
| | - Stéphane Giraud
- University Lille Nord de France, F-5900 Lille, France; ENSAIT, GMTEX, F-59100, Roubaix, France
| | - Ada Ferri
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
| | - Jinping Guan
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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172
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Zhao M, Eghtesadi SA, Dawadi MB, Wang C, Huang S, Seymore AE, Vogt BD, Modarelli DA, Liu T, Zacharia NS. Partitioning of Small Molecules in Hydrogen-Bonding Complex Coacervates of Poly(acrylic acid) and Poly(ethylene glycol) or Pluronic Block Copolymer. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amy E. Seymore
- Department
of Chemistry, Lorain County Community College, Elyria, Ohio 44035, United States
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173
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Li Q, Yao M, Yue X, Chen X. Effects of a Spacer on the Phase Behavior of Gemini Surfactants in Ethanolammonium Nitrate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:4328-4336. [PMID: 28415837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation behavior of quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants (12-s-12) in a protic ionic liquid, ethanolammonium nitrate (EOAN), was investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering, freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy, polarized optical microscopy, and rheological measurements. The rarely reported nonaqueous two phases in the ionic liquid were observed at lower 12-s-12 concentrations. The upper phase was composed of micelles, whereas only the surfactant unimers or multimers were detected in the low phase. At higher 12-s-12 concentrations, different aggregates were formed. The lamellar phase was observed in the 12-2-12/EOAN system, whereas the normal hexagonal phases in 12-s-12/EOAN (s = 3, 4, 5, 6, 8) systems and the micellar phase in the 12-10-12/EOAN system were observed. Such a dramatic phase transition induced by the spacer chain length was due to the unique solvent characteristics of EOAN compared to those of water and its counterpart ethylammonium nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qintang Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan 250100, China
| | - Meihuan Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiu Yue
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan 250100, China
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174
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Souza CJ, Garcia-Rojas EE. Interpolymeric complexing between egg white proteins and xanthan gum: Effect of salt and protein/polysaccharide ratio. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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175
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Analysis of chitosan/tripolyphosphate micro- and nanogel yields is key to understanding their protein uptake performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 494:242-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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176
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Comert F, Nguyen D, Rushanan M, Milas P, Xu AY, Dubin PL. Precipitate–Coacervate Transformation in Polyelectrolyte–Mixed Micelle Systems. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4466-4473. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Comert
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Duy Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Marguerite Rushanan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Peker Milas
- Department
of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 666 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Amy Y. Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Paul L. Dubin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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177
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Albanyan B, Laurini E, Posocco P, Pricl S, Smith DK. Self-Assembled Multivalent (SAMul) Polyanion Binding-Impact of Hydrophobic Modifications in the Micellar Core on DNA and Heparin Binding at the Peripheral Cationic Ligands. Chemistry 2017; 23:6391-6397. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Buthaina Albanyan
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Erik Laurini
- Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory, Department of Engineering and Architecture (DEA); University of Trieste; 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Paola Posocco
- Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory, Department of Engineering and Architecture (DEA); University of Trieste; 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory, Department of Engineering and Architecture (DEA); University of Trieste; 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - David K. Smith
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
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178
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Katiyar RS, Jha PK. Phase behavior of aqueous polyacrylic acid solutions using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of model oligomers. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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179
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Radhakrishna M, Basu K, Liu Y, Shamsi R, Perry SL, Sing CE. Molecular Connectivity and Correlation Effects on Polymer Coacervation. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Radhakrishna
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kush Basu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yalin Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Rasmia Shamsi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Sarah L. Perry
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Charles E. Sing
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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180
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Biopolymer-based coacervates: Structures, functionality and applications in food products. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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181
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Takahashi R, Narayanan T, Sato T. Growth Kinetics of Polyelectrolyte Complexes Formed from Oppositely-Charged Homopolymers Studied by Time-Resolved Ultra-Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:737-741. [PMID: 28121154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have monitored the kinetic process of polyelectrolyte complex formation between sodium polyacrylate (SPA) and polyallylamine hydrochrolide (PAH) in aqueous NaCl solution by time-resolved ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (TR-USAXS) combined with rapid mixing. SPA and PAH with different NaCl concentrations from 0 to 1 M were rapidly mixed in equimolar concentration of the monomer units using a stopped-flow apparatus with a dead time of about 2.5 ms. Within the dead time, percolated aggregate-like structures were observed suggesting that the initially formed small charge neutral aggregates further assembled to form higher order agglomerates. The early stage time evolution of the molar mass of the global structure in the presence of NaCl was found to be comparable to the Brownian-coagulation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Takahashi
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble, France
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | | | - Takahiro Sato
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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182
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Adal E, Sadeghpour A, Connell S, Rappolt M, Ibanoglu E, Sarkar A. Heteroprotein Complex Formation of Bovine Lactoferrin and Pea Protein Isolate: A Multiscale Structural Analysis. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:625-635. [PMID: 28080032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Associative electrostatic interactions between two oppositely charged globular proteins, lactoferrin (LF) and pea protein isolate (PPI), the latter being a mixture of vicilin, legumin, and convicilin, was studied with a specific PPI/LF molar ratio at room temperature. Structural aspects of the electrostatic complexes probed at different length scales were investigated as a function of pH by means of different complementary techniques, namely, with dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), turbidity measurements, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Irrespective of the applied techniques, the results consistently displayed that complexation between LF and PPI did occur. In an optimum narrow range of pH 5.0-5.8, a viscous liquid phase of complex coacervate was obtained upon mild centrifugation of the turbid LF-PPI mixture with a maximum Rh, turbidity and the ζ-potential being close to zero observed at pH 5.4. In particular, the SAXS data demonstrated that the coacervates were densely assembled with a roughly spherical size distribution exhibiting a maximum extension of ∼80 nm at pH 5.4. Equally, AFM image analysis showed size distributions containing most frequent cluster sizes around 40-80 nm with spherical to elliptical shapes (axis aspect ratio ≤ 2) as well as less frequent elongated to chainlike structures. The most frequently observed compact complexes, we identify as mainly leading to LF-PPI coacervation, whereas for the less frequent chain-like aggregates, we hypothesize that additionally PPI-PPI facilitated complexes exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Adal
- Food Colloids and Processing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Food Engineering Department, Gaziantep University , 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Amin Sadeghpour
- Food Colloids and Processing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Connell
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Rappolt
- Food Colloids and Processing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Esra Ibanoglu
- Food Engineering Department, Gaziantep University , 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Anwesha Sarkar
- Food Colloids and Processing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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183
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McClements DJ, Bai L, Chung C. Recent Advances in the Utilization of Natural Emulsifiers to Form and Stabilize Emulsions. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2017; 8:205-236. [PMID: 28125353 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030216-030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Consumer concern about human and environmental health is encouraging food manufacturers to use more natural and sustainable food ingredients. In particular, there is interest in replacing synthetic ingredients with natural ones, and in replacing animal-based ingredients with plant-based ones. This article provides a review of the various types of natural emulsifiers with potential application in the food industry, including phospholipids, biosurfactants, proteins, polysaccharides, and natural colloidal particles. Increased utilization of natural emulsifiers in food products may lead to a healthier and more sustainable food supply. However, more research is needed to identify, isolate, and characterize new sources of commercially viable natural emulsifiers suitable for food use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Long Bai
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01060; .,College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheryl Chung
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01060;
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184
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Bai G, Wu H, Lou P, Wang Y, Nichifor M, Zhuo K, Wang J, Bastos M. Cationic gemini surfactant as a dual linker for a cholic acid-modified polysaccharide in aqueous solution: thermodynamics of interaction and phase behavior. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:1590-1600. [PMID: 27990515 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07212g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the thermodynamics of formation of biocompatible aggregates is a key factor in the bottom up approach to the development of novel types of drug carriers and their structural tuning using small amphiphilic molecules. We chose an anionic amphiphilic and biocompatible polymer that consists of a dextran and grafted cholic acid pendants, randomly distributed along the dextran backbone, with a degree of substitution (DS) of 15 mol% (designated Dex-15CACOONa). The thermodynamics of interaction and phase behavior of mixtures of this polyelectrolyte and a cationic gemini surfactant hexanediyl-α,ω-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) (C12C6C12Br2) or its monomer surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) in aqueous solution were characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and turbidity, together with cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM). The various critical concentrations and the enthalpy changes of the corresponding phase transitions for the oppositely charged system were obtained from the plots of the observed enthalpy change (ΔHobs) and turbidity measurements as a function of gemini concentration. The morphologies of the aggregates in various phases were observed by Cryo-TEM. Altogether these results suggest the critical role of gemini as a dual linker. At the concentrations where the crosslink between the pendant aggregates happens, the free gemini concentration is proximately zero and the aggregate retains its negative charge. The analysis of various factors involved in the interaction allowed a rationalization of the driving forces for mixed aggregate formation, which will contribute to a subsequent rational design of drug delivery systems based on this polymer/surfactant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyue Bai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Pengxiao Lou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Marieta Nichifor
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Kelei Zhuo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Jianji Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Margarida Bastos
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre, 687, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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185
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Marciel AB, Chung EJ, Brettmann BK, Leon L. Bulk and nanoscale polypeptide based polyelectrolyte complexes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 239:187-198. [PMID: 27418294 PMCID: PMC5205580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) formed using polypeptides have great potential for developing new self-assembled materials, in particular for the development of drug and gene delivery vehicles. This review discusses the latest advancements in PECs formed using polypeptides as the polyanion and/or the polycation in both polyelectrolyte complexes that form bulk materials and block copolymer complexes that form nanoscale assemblies such as PEC micelles and other self-assembled structures. We highlight the importance of secondary structure formation between homogeneous polypeptide complexes, which, unlike PECs formed using other polymers, introduces additional intermolecular interactions in the form of hydrogen bonding, which may influence precipitation over coacervation. However, we still include heterogeneous complexes consisting of polypeptides and other polymers such as nucleic acids, sugars, and other synthetic polyelectrolytes. Special attention is given to complexes formed using nucleic acids as polyanions and polypeptides as polycations and their potential for delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Marciel
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Blair K Brettmann
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Lorraine Leon
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States.
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186
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Recent progress of the characterization of oppositely charged polymer/surfactant complex in dilution deposition system. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 239:146-157. [PMID: 27337996 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A mixture of oppositely charged polymer and surfactants changes the solubilized state, having a complex precipitation region at the composition of electric neutralization. This complex behavior has been applied to surface modification in the fields of health care and cosmetic products such as conditioning shampoos, as a dilution-deposition system in which the polymer/surfactant mixture at the higher surfactant concentration precipitates the insoluble complex by dilution. A large number of studies over many years have revealed the basic coacervation behavior and physicochemical properties of complexes. However, the mechanism by which a precipitated complex performs surface modification is not well understood. The precipitation region and the morphology of precipitated complex that are changed by molecular structure and additives affect the performance. Hydrophilic groups such as the EO unit in polymers and surfactants, the mixing of nonionic or amphoteric surfactant and nonionic polymer, and the addition of low polar solvent influence the complex precipitation region. Furthermore, the morphology of precipitated complex is formed by crosslinking and aggregating among polymers in the dilution process, and characterizes the performance of products. The polymer chain density in precipitated complex is determined by the charges of both the polymer and surfactant micelle and the conformation of polymer. As a result, the morphology of precipitated complexes is changed from a closely packed film to looser meshes, and/or to small particles, and it is possible for the morphology to control the rheological properties and the amount of adsorbed silicone. In the future, further investigation of the relationships between the morphology and performance is needed.
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187
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Vieira VMP, Liljeström V, Posocco P, Laurini E, Pricl S, Kostiainen MA, Smith DK. Emergence of highly-ordered hierarchical nanoscale aggregates on electrostatic binding of self-assembled multivalent (SAMul) cationic micelles with polyanionic heparin. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:341-347. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self assembled cationic micelles form well-defined structurally ordered hierarchical nanoscale aggregates on interaction with polyanionic heparin in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ville Liljeström
- Biohybrid Materials
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology
- Aalto University
- 00076 Aalto
- Finland
| | - Paola Posocco
- Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory
- Department of Engineering and Architectures (DEA)
- University of Trieste
- Trieste
- Italy
| | - Erik Laurini
- Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory
- Department of Engineering and Architectures (DEA)
- University of Trieste
- Trieste
- Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory
- Department of Engineering and Architectures (DEA)
- University of Trieste
- Trieste
- Italy
| | - Mauri A. Kostiainen
- Biohybrid Materials
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology
- Aalto University
- 00076 Aalto
- Finland
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188
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Xu Y, Liu M, Faisal M, Si Y, Guo Y. Selective protein complexation and coacervation by polyelectrolytes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 239:158-167. [PMID: 27378068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the possible relationship between protein charge anisotropy, protein binding affinity, polymer structure, and selective phase separation. We hope that a fundamental understanding of primarily electrostatically driven protein-polyelectrolyte (PE) interactions can enable the prediction of selective protein binding, and hence selective coacervation through non-specific electrostatics. Such research will partially challenge the assumption that specific binding has to be realized through specific binding sites with a variety of short-range interactions and some geometric match. More specifically, the recent studies on selective binding of proteins by polyelectrolytes were examined from different assemblies in addition to the electrostatic features of proteins and PEs. At the end, the optimization of phase separation based on binding affinity for selective coacervation and some considerations relevant to using PEs for protein purification were also overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Engineering Research Center of Materials Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bintuan, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China.
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mostufa Faisal
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Si
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanchuan Guo
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190,China.
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189
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Xiao J, Li Y, Huang Q. Application of Monte Carlo simulation in addressing key issues of complex coacervation formed by polyelectrolytes and oppositely charged colloids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 239:31-45. [PMID: 27265512 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the recent advance of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation in addressing key issues of complex coacervation between polyelectrolytes and oppositely charged colloids. Readers were first supplied with a brief overview of current knowledge and experimental strategies in the study of complex coacervation. In the next section, the general MC simulation procedures as well as representative strategies applied in complex coacervation were summarized. The unique contributions of MC simulation in either capturing delicate features, easing the experimental trials or proving the concept were then elucidated through the following aspects: i) identify phase boundary and decouple interaction contributions; ii) clarify composition distribution and internal structure; iii) predict the influences of physicochemical conditions on complex coacervation; iv) delineate the mechanisms for "binding on the wrong side of the isoelectric point". Finally, current challenges as well as prospects of MC simulation in complex coacervation are also discussed. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide readers with basic guideline for synergistic design of experiments in combination with MC simulation, and deliver convincing interpretation and reliable prediction for the structure and behavior in polyelectrolyte-macroion complex coacervation.
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190
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Zhao W, Wang Y. Coacervation with surfactants: From single-chain surfactants to gemini surfactants. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 239:199-212. [PMID: 27260407 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Coacervation is a spontaneous process during which a colloidal dispersion separates into two immiscible liquid phases: a colloid-rich liquid phase in equilibrium with a diluted phase. Coacervation is usually divided into simple coacervation and complex coacervation according to the number of components. Surfactant-based coacervation normally contains traditional single-chain surfactants. With the development of surfactants, gemini surfactants with two amphiphilic moieties have been applied to form coacervation. This review summarizes the development of simple coacervation and complex coacervation in the systems of single-chain surfactants and gemini surfactants. Simple coacervation in surfactant solutions with additives or at elevated temperature and complex coacervation in surfactant/polymer mixtures by changing charge densities, molecular weight, ionic strength, pH, or temperature are reviewed. The comparison between gemini surfactants and corresponding monomeric single-chain surfactants reveals that the unique structures of gemini surfactants endow them with higher propensity to generate coacervation.
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191
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Heteroprotein complex coacervation: A generic process. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 239:115-126. [PMID: 27370709 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Proteins exhibit a rich diversity of functional, physico-chemical and biodegradable properties which makes them appealing for various applications in the food and non-food sectors. Such properties are attributed to their ability to interact and assemble into a diversity of supramolecular structures. The present review addresses the updated research progress in the recent field of complex coacervation made from mixtures of oppositely charged proteins (i.e. heteroprotein systems). First, we describe briefly the main proteins used for heteroprotein coacervation. Then, through some selected examples, we illustrate the particularity and specificity of each heteroprotein system and the requirements that drive optimal assembly into coacervates. Finally, possible and promising applications of heteroprotein coacervates are mentioned.
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Jho Y, Yoo HY, Lin Y, Han S, Hwang DS. Molecular and structural basis of low interfacial energy of complex coacervates in water. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 239:61-73. [PMID: 27499328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Complex coacervate refers to a phase-separated fluid, typically of two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in solution, representing a complex fluid system that has been shown to be of essential interest to biological systems, as well as for soft materials processing owing to the expectation of superior underwater coating or adhesion properties. The significance and interest in complex coacervate fluids critically rely on its low interfacial tension with respect to water that, in turn, facilitates the wetting of macromolecular or material surfaces under aqueous conditions, provided there is attractive interaction between the polyelectrolyte constituents and the surface. However, the molecular and structural bases of these properties remain unclear. Recent studies propose that the formation of water-filled and bifluidic sponge-like nanostructured network, driven by the tuning of electrostatic interactions between the polyelectrolyte constituents or their complexes may be a common feature of complex coacervate fluids that display low fluid viscosity and low interfacial tension, but more studies are needed to verify the generality of these observations. In this review, we summarize representative studies of interfacial tension and ultrastructures of complex coacervate fluids. We highlight that a consensus property of the complex coacervate fluid is the observation of high or even bulk-like water dynamics within the dense complex coacervate phase that is consistent with a low cohesive energy fluid. Our own studies on this subject are enabled by the application of magnetic resonance relaxometry methods relying on spin labels tethered to polyelectrolyte constituents or added as spin labeled probe molecules that partition into the dense versus the equilibrium coacervate phase, permitting the extraction of information on local polymer dynamics, polymer packing and local water dynamics. We conclude with a snapshot of our current perspective on the molecular and structural bases of the low interfacial tension of complex coacervate fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongSeok Jho
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Yoo
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanxian Lin
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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193
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Devi N, Sarmah M, Khatun B, Maji TK. Encapsulation of active ingredients in polysaccharide-protein complex coacervates. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 239:136-145. [PMID: 27296302 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide-protein complex coacervates are amongst the leading pair of biopolymer systems that has been used over the past decades for encapsulation of numerous active ingredients. Complex coacervation of polysaccharides and proteins has received increasing research interest for the practical application in encapsulation industry since the pioneering work of complex coacervation by Bungenburg de Jong and co-workers on the system of gelatin-acacia, a protein-polysaccharide system. Because of the versatility and numerous potential applications of these systems essentially in the fields of food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and agriculture, there has been intense interest in recent years for both fundamental and applied studies. Precisely, the designing of the micronscale and nanoscale capsules for encapsulation and control over their properties for practical applications garners renewed interest. This review discusses on the overview of polysaccharide-protein complex coacervates and their use for the encapsulation of diverse active ingredients, designing and controlling of the capsules for delivery systems and developments in the area.
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Liu Y, Winter HH, Perry SL. Linear viscoelasticity of complex coacervates. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 239:46-60. [PMID: 27633928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Rheology is a powerful method for material characterization that can provide detailed information about the self-assembly, structure, and intermolecular interactions present in a material. Here, we review the use of linear viscoelastic measurements for the rheological characterization of complex coacervate-based materials. Complex coacervation is an electrostatically and entropically-driven associative liquid-liquid phase separation phenomenon that can result in the formation of bulk liquid phases, or the self-assembly of hierarchical, microphase separated materials. We discuss the need to link thermodynamic studies of coacervation phase behavior with characterization of material dynamics, and provide parallel examples of how parameters such as charge stoichiometry, ionic strength, and polymer chain length impact self-assembly and material dynamics. We conclude by highlighting key areas of need in the field, and specifically call for the development of a mechanistic understanding of how molecular-level interactions in complex coacervate-based materials affect both self-assembly and material dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - H Henning Winter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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195
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Structure, thermodynamic and kinetic signatures of a synthetic polyelectrolyte coacervating system. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 239:178-186. [PMID: 27939186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While many studies on coacervation have targeted biomacromolecules, we review in this article the key structure, thermodynamic and kinetic features of a fully synthetic coacervating system based on polyacrylic acid (PAA) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) oppositely charged polyelectrolytes at pH10, where PAA chains are fully deprotonated. Among the main points of interest, we can highlight (i) the presence of polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) nanoparticles that, unexpectedly, coexist with a certain amount of coacervate droplets in a large range of compositions, even far from stoichiometry; (ii) the fact that these PEC nanoparticles are likely precursors of the coacervation occurring at stoichiometry; (iii) the formation of soluble PECs only in a certain range of physicochemical conditions; (iv) the equilibrium properties of the system; (v) and last but not least a distinctive kinetic signature at stoichiometry evidenced by a peak in light scattering at very short times (~100ms). Some of these results can be rationalized on the basis of weak interaction unfolding between oppositely charged PAA and PDADMAC chains as revealed by microcalorimetry measurements.
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Procházka K, Šindelka K, Wang X, Limpouchová Z, Lísal M. Self-assembly and co-assembly of block polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions. Dissipative particle dynamics with explicit electrostatics. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1225130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Procházka
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Šindelka
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Xiu Wang
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Limpouchová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lísal
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Aerosols, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, J. E. Purkinje University, Ústí n.L., Czech Republic
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197
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Liu X, Haddou M, Grillo I, Mana Z, Chapel JP, Schatz C. Early stage kinetics of polyelectrolyte complex coacervation monitored through stopped-flow light scattering. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:9030-9038. [PMID: 27748777 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01979j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) between poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC), a model system forming coacervate particles via electrostatic interaction at pH 10, were prepared by a stopped-flow (SF) fast mixing technique at different mixing charge ratios (z) and ionic strengths. Both PEC final morphologies prepared by either SF or manual one-shot mixing are similar at bench time. In situ light scattering combined with the SF technique pointed-out, however, the presence of three distinct early stage kinetic behaviors in the formation of PECs. The first stage observed at low z is ascribed to the relaxation/reorganization of soluble PECs. At higher z or in the presence of salt, a second stage is found corresponding to the aggregation and/or rearrangement of small soluble PECs into larger structures. Redistribution of excess charges among those PECs produces some neutral condensed coacervate droplets as well, coexisting with PECs in a wide range of mixing ratios. Finally, a last process featured with bell-shaped curves indicates the full coacervation that quickens while approaching charge neutrality and/or at higher ionic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France. and Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, F-33600 Pessac, France and Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629, IPB/ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac, France and CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Marie Haddou
- CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France. and Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, F-33600 Pessac, France and Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629, IPB/ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac, France and CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Grillo
- Institut Laue Langevin, 71 avenue des martyrs, B.P. 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Zohra Mana
- Bio-logic SAS, 4 rue Vaucanson, 38170 Seyssinet Pariset, France
| | - Jean-Paul Chapel
- CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France. and Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Christophe Schatz
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629, IPB/ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac, France and CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629, F-33607 Pessac, France
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198
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Blocher WC, Perry SL. Complex coacervate-based materials for biomedicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney C. Blocher
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA USA
| | - Sarah L. Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA USA
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199
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Spontaneous assembly of chemically encoded two-dimensional coacervate droplet arrays by acoustic wave patterning. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13068. [PMID: 27708286 PMCID: PMC5059748 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The spontaneous assembly of chemically encoded, molecularly crowded, water-rich micro-droplets into periodic defect-free two-dimensional arrays is achieved in aqueous media by a combination of an acoustic standing wave pressure field and in situ complex coacervation. Acoustically mediated coalescence of primary droplets generates single-droplet per node micro-arrays that exhibit variable surface-attachment properties, spontaneously uptake dyes, enzymes and particles, and display spatial and time-dependent fluorescence outputs when exposed to a reactant diffusion gradient. In addition, coacervate droplet arrays exhibiting dynamical behaviour and exchange of matter are prepared by inhibiting coalescence to produce acoustically trapped lattices of droplet clusters that display fast and reversible changes in shape and spatial configuration in direct response to modulations in the acoustic frequencies and fields. Our results offer a novel route to the design and construction of ‘water-in-water' micro-droplet arrays with controllable spatial organization, programmable signalling pathways and higher order collective behaviour. Isolated droplets can be used as micro-reactors, yet it is challenging to operate them functionally in solution and observe chemical exchanges between droplets. Here, Tian et al. use an acoustic trap to assemble water-based micro-droplets into periodic arrays, spontaneously separated from solution media.
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