151
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English J, Son JM, Cardamone MD, Lee C, Perissi V. Decoding the rosetta stone of mitonuclear communication. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105161. [PMID: 32846213 PMCID: PMC7755734 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis in eukaryotic cells requires synchronized coordination of multiple organelles. A key role in this stage is played by mitochondria, which have recently emerged as highly interconnected and multifunctional hubs that process and coordinate diverse cellular functions. Beyond producing ATP, mitochondria generate key metabolites and are central to apoptotic and metabolic signaling pathways. Because most mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nuclear genome, the biogenesis of new mitochondria and the maintenance of mitochondrial functions and flexibility critically depend upon effective mitonuclear communication. This review addresses the complex network of signaling molecules and pathways allowing mitochondria-nuclear communication and coordinated regulation of their independent but interconnected genomes, and discusses the extent to which dynamic communication between the two organelles has evolved for mutual benefit and for the overall maintenance of cellular and organismal fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin English
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jyung Mean Son
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA; Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Valentina Perissi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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152
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Dong Y, Brewer GJ. Global Metabolic Shifts in Age and Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Brains Pivot at NAD+/NADH Redox Sites. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:119-140. [PMID: 31356210 PMCID: PMC6839468 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Age and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) share some common features such as cognitive impairments, memory loss, metabolic disturbances, bioenergetic deficits, and inflammation. Yet little is known on how systematic shifts in metabolic networks depend on age and AD. In this work, we investigated the global metabolomic alterations in non-transgenic (NTg) and triple-transgenic (3xTg-AD) mouse brain hippocampus as a function of age by using untargeted Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS). We observed common metabolic patterns with aging in both NTg and 3xTg-AD brains involved in energy-generating pathways, fatty acids oxidation, glutamate, and sphingolipid metabolism. We found age-related downregulation of metabolites from reactions in glycolysis that consumed ATP and in the TCA cycle, especially at NAD+/NADH-dependent redox sites, where age- and AD-associated limitations in the free NADH may alter reactions. Conversely, metabolites increased in glycolytic reactions in which ATP is produced. With age, inputs to the TCA cycle were increased including fatty acid β-oxidation and glutamine. Overall age- and AD-related changes were > 2-fold when comparing the declines of upstream metabolites of NAD+/NADH-dependent reactions to the increases of downstream metabolites (p = 10-5, n = 8 redox reactions). Inflammatory metabolites such as ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate also increased with age. Age-related decreases in glutamate, GABA, and sphingolipid were seen which worsened with AD genetic load in 3xTg-AD brains, possibly contributing to synaptic, learning- and memory-related deficits. The data support the novel hypothesis that age- and AD-associated metabolic shifts respond to NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H redox-dependent reactions, which may contribute to decreased energetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gregory J Brewer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,MIND Institute, Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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153
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Rajabi N, Nielsen AL, Olsen CA. Dethioacylation by Sirtuins 1-3: Considerations for Drug Design Using Mechanism-Based Sirtuin Inhibition. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1886-1892. [PMID: 33062169 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sirtuin enzymes are potential drug targets for intervention in a series of diseases. Efforts to inhibit enzymes of this class with thioamide- and thiourea-containing, substrate-mimicking entities have produced a number of high-affinity binders. However, less attention has been dedicated to the investigation of the stability of these inhibitors under various conditions. Here, we provide evidence of an unprecedented degree of cleavage of short-chain ε-N-thioacyllysine modifications meant to target these sirtuins and further provide insights into the serum stability of compounds containing both thioamides and thioureas. Our study questions the utility short-chain thioamide-based inhibitors of sirtuins for drug development and points to monoalkylated thiourea-based chemotypes as being more stable in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Rajabi
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander L. Nielsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian A. Olsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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154
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Xie N, Zhang L, Gao W, Huang C, Huber PE, Zhou X, Li C, Shen G, Zou B. NAD + metabolism: pathophysiologic mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:227. [PMID: 33028824 PMCID: PMC7539288 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its metabolites function as critical regulators to maintain physiologic processes, enabling the plastic cells to adapt to environmental changes including nutrient perturbation, genotoxic factors, circadian disorder, infection, inflammation and xenobiotics. These effects are mainly achieved by the driving effect of NAD+ on metabolic pathways as enzyme cofactors transferring hydrogen in oxidation-reduction reactions. Besides, multiple NAD+-dependent enzymes are involved in physiology either by post-synthesis chemical modification of DNA, RNA and proteins, or releasing second messenger cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and NAADP+. Prolonged disequilibrium of NAD+ metabolism disturbs the physiological functions, resulting in diseases including metabolic diseases, cancer, aging and neurodegeneration disorder. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of NAD+-regulated physiological responses to stresses, the contribution of NAD+ deficiency to various diseases via manipulating cellular communication networks and the potential new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Peter Ernst Huber
- CCU Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center; Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Changlong Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Guobo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bingwen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- CCU Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center; Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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155
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Chai YN, Qin J, Li YL, Tong YL, Liu GH, Wang XR, Liu CY, Peng MH, Qin CZ, Xing YR. TMT proteomics analysis of intestinal tissue from patients of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea: Implications for multiple nutrient ingestion abnormality. J Proteomics 2020; 231:103995. [PMID: 33011346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diarrheal irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a chronic functional bowel disease with no clear diagnostic markers and no satisfactory treatment strategies. In recent years, the importance of intestinal microstructure and function in IBS-D has been emphasized. However, the intestinal tissue proteomics of IBS-D patients has not been analyzed. Here, we systematically analyzed the molecule profiling of the intestinal tissues in IBS-D patients through tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics for the first time, aiming to reveal the pathogenesis and provide evidence for diagnosis and treatment of IBS-D. Five IBS-D patients and five healthy subjects were selected, biopsy tissue samples from the junction of sigmoid and rectum were analyzed by TMT proteomics. Differentially expressed proteins were obtained and bioinformatics analysis was performed. Furthermore, parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) and q-PCR detection were applied to validate the differentially expressed proteins. Eighty differentially expressed proteins were screened, 48 of which were up-regulated and 32 were down-regulated (fold change >1.2, P < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis showed that these proteins were significantly enriched in the nutrient ingestion pathways which are related to immune molecules. SELENBP1, VSIG2, HMGB1, DHCR7, BCAP31 and other molecules were significantly changed. Our study revealed the underlying mechanisms of IBS-D intestinal dysfunction. SIGNIFICANCE: Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) is a worldwide chronic intestinal disease with no definite diagnostic markers. It is still a challenge to accurately locate the pathogenesis of patients for appropriate treatment strategy. Established proteomics studies of IBS-D are only based on urine, blood, or tissue samples from animals. Our study was the first TMT proteomics analysis on intestinal biopsy tissues of patients with IBS-D, which revealed the changes of molecular spectrum of actual intestinal conditions in patients with IBS-D. Some important molecules and signaling pathways have been found abnormal in our study, which were related with nutrient uptake. They not only provided preliminary clues for low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) intolerance, an unsolved conundrum of IBS-D, but also revealed obscure problems of protein, lipid, and other nutrients ingestion in IBS-D patients. Some of these differentially expressed molecules have been preliminarily verified, and will may be potential candidate molecules for diagnostic markers of IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Chai
- Department of pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jin Qin
- Digestive endoscopy center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yan-le Li
- Digestive department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ya-Lin Tong
- Digestive department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xin-Ru Wang
- Department of pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Cheng-Ye Liu
- Department of orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology (Luoyang Dong fang Hospital), Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Ming-Hang Peng
- College of Medicine, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Chong-Zhen Qin
- Department of pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Yu-Rong Xing
- Center of Health Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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156
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He Y, Wu Z, Xu L, Xu K, Chen Z, Ran J, Wu L. The role of SIRT3-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis in osteoarthritis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3729-3743. [PMID: 32468094 PMCID: PMC11105031 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative joint disease and causes major pain and disability in adults. It has been reported that mitochondrial dysfunction in chondrocytes is associated with osteoarthritis. Sirtuins are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent histone deacetylases that have the ability to deacetylate protein targets and play an important role in the regulation of cell physiological and pathological processes. Among sirtuin family members, sirtuin 3, which is mainly located in mitochondria, can exert its deacetylation activity to regulate mitochondrial function, regeneration, and dynamics; these processes are presently recognized to maintain redox homeostasis to prevent oxidative stress in cell metabolism. In this review, we provide present opinions on the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction in osteoarthritis. Furthermore, the potential protective mechanism of SIRT3-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis in the progression of osteoarthritis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Langhai Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonggai Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jisheng Ran
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lidong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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157
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Imbalance of Lysine Acetylation Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197182. [PMID: 33003340 PMCID: PMC7582258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The neuropathological features of PD are selective and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, deficiencies in striatal dopamine levels, and the presence of intracellular Lewy bodies. Interactions among aging and genetic and environmental factors are considered to underlie the common etiology of PD, which involves multiple changes in cellular processes. Recent studies suggest that changes in lysine acetylation and deacetylation of many proteins, including histones and nonhistone proteins, might be tightly associated with PD pathogenesis. Here, we summarize the changes in lysine acetylation of both histones and nonhistone proteins, as well as the related lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and lysine deacetylases (KDACs), in PD patients and various PD models. We discuss the potential roles and underlying mechanisms of these changes in PD and highlight that restoring the balance of lysine acetylation/deacetylation of histones and nonhistone proteins is critical for PD treatment. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different KAT/KDAC inhibitors or activators in the treatment of PD models and emphasize that SIRT1 and SIRT3 activators and SIRT2 inhibitors are the most promising effective therapeutics for PD.
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158
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Davidson MT, Grimsrud PA, Lai L, Draper JA, Fisher-Wellman KH, Narowski TM, Abraham DM, Koves TR, Kelly DP, Muoio DM. Extreme Acetylation of the Cardiac Mitochondrial Proteome Does Not Promote Heart Failure. Circ Res 2020; 127:1094-1108. [PMID: 32660330 PMCID: PMC9161399 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Circumstantial evidence links the development of heart failure to posttranslational modifications of mitochondrial proteins, including lysine acetylation (Kac). Nonetheless, direct evidence that Kac compromises mitochondrial performance remains sparse. OBJECTIVE This study sought to explore the premise that mitochondrial Kac contributes to heart failure by disrupting oxidative metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS A DKO (dual knockout) mouse line with deficiencies in CrAT (carnitine acetyltransferase) and Sirt3 (sirtuin 3)-enzymes that oppose Kac by buffering the acetyl group pool and catalyzing lysine deacetylation, respectively-was developed to model extreme mitochondrial Kac in cardiac muscle, as confirmed by quantitative acetyl-proteomics. The resulting impact on mitochondrial bioenergetics was evaluated using a respiratory diagnostics platform that permits comprehensive assessment of mitochondrial function and energy transduction. Susceptibility of DKO mice to heart failure was investigated using transaortic constriction as a model of cardiac pressure overload. The mitochondrial acetyl-lysine landscape of DKO hearts was elevated well beyond that observed in response to pressure overload or Sirt3 deficiency alone. Relative changes in the abundance of specific acetylated lysine peptides measured in DKO versus Sirt3 KO hearts were strongly correlated. A proteomics comparison across multiple settings of hyperacetylation revealed ≈86% overlap between the populations of Kac peptides affected by the DKO manipulation as compared with experimental heart failure. Despite the severity of cardiac Kac in DKO mice relative to other conditions, deep phenotyping of mitochondrial function revealed a surprisingly normal bioenergetics profile. Thus, of the >120 mitochondrial energy fluxes evaluated, including substrate-specific dehydrogenase activities, respiratory responses, redox charge, mitochondrial membrane potential, and electron leak, we found minimal evidence of oxidative insufficiencies. Similarly, DKO hearts were not more vulnerable to dysfunction caused by transaortic constriction-induced pressure overload. CONCLUSIONS The findings challenge the premise that hyperacetylation per se threatens metabolic resilience in the myocardium by causing broad-ranging disruption to mitochondrial oxidative machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Davidson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology
| | - Paul A. Grimsrud
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Ling Lai
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James A. Draper
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Kelsey H. Fisher-Wellman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Tara M. Narowski
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Dennis M. Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Duke Cardiovascular Physiology Core
| | - Timothy R. Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Daniel P. Kelly
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Deborah M. Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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159
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Zhang J, Ren D, Fedorova J, He Z, Li J. SIRT1/SIRT3 Modulates Redox Homeostasis during Ischemia/Reperfusion in the Aging Heart. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090858. [PMID: 32933202 PMCID: PMC7556005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the central cause of global death in cardiovascular diseases, which is characterized by disorders such as angina, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, finally causing severe debilitating diseases and death. The increased rates of morbidity and mortality caused by I/R are parallel with aging. Aging-associated cardiac physiological structural and functional deterioration were found to contribute to abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during I/R stress. Disturbed redox homeostasis could further trigger the related signaling pathways that lead to cardiac irreversible damages with mitochondria dysfunction and cell death. It is notable that sirtuin proteins are impaired in aged hearts and are critical to maintaining redox homeostasis via regulating substrate metabolism and inflammation and thus preserving cardiac function under stress. This review discussed the cellular and functional alterations upon I/R especially in aging hearts. We propose that mitochondria are the primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to I/R injury in aged hearts. Then, we highlight the cardiomyocyte protection of the age-related proteins Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and Sirtuin1 (SIRT3) in response to I/R injury, and we discuss their modulation of cardiac metabolism and the inflammatory reaction that is involved in ROS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China;
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
| | - Di Ren
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
| | - Julia Fedorova
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhibin He
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.); (Z.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-813-974-4917
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160
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Min Z, Long X, Zhao H, Zhen X, Li R, Li M, Fan Y, Yu Y, Zhao Y, Qiao J. Protein Lysine Acetylation in Ovarian Granulosa Cells Affects Metabolic Homeostasis and Clinical Presentations of Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:567028. [PMID: 33043000 PMCID: PMC7518144 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.567028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive endocrine disorders accompanied by obvious metabolic abnormalities. Lower-quality oocytes and embryos are often found in PCOS women during assisted reproductive technology treatment. However, there is still no clarity about the mechanism of ovarian metabolic disorders and the impact on oocyte maturation in PCOS. The aim of this study was to understand the potential effect of the posttranslational modification on ovarian metabolic homeostasis and oocyte development potential in women with PCOS. A quantitative analysis of acetylated proteomics in ovarian granulosa cells of PCOS and control groups was carried out by mass spectrometry. There was widespread lysine acetylation of proteins, of which 265 proteins had increased levels of acetylation and 68 proteins had decreased levels of acetylation in the PCOS group. Most notably, differentially acetylated proteins were significantly enriched in the metabolic pathways of glycolysis, fatty acid degradation, TCA cycle, tryptophan metabolism, and branched-chain amino acid degradation. Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) was an enzyme central to these metabolic pathways with increased acetylation level in the PCOS group, and there was a negative correlation of ACAT1 acetylation levels in PCOS granulosa cells with oocyte quality and embryo development efficiency in the clinic. Lysine acetylation changes of key enzymes in PCOS granulosa cells might attenuate their activities and alter metabolic homeostasis of follicular microenvironment for oocyte maturation and embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheying Min
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Long
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongcui Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumei Zhen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Beijing, China
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161
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Abdullah A, Mohd Murshid N, Makpol S. Antioxidant Modulation of mTOR and Sirtuin Pathways in Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5193-5207. [PMID: 32865663 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the human body, cell division and metabolism are expected to transpire uneventfully for approximately 25 years. Then, secondary metabolism and cell damage products accumulate, and ageing phenotypes are acquired, causing the progression of disease. Among these age-related diseases, neurodegenerative diseases have attracted considerable attention because of their irreversibility, the absence of effective treatment and their relationship with social and economic pressures. Mechanistic (formerly mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR), sirtuin (SIRT) and insulin/insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1) signalling pathways are among the most important pathways in ageing-associated conditions, such as neurodegeneration. These longevity-related pathways are associated with a diversity of various processes, including metabolism, cognition, stress reaction and brain plasticity. In this review, we discuss the roles of sirtuin and mTOR in ageing and neurodegeneration, with an emphasis on their regulation of autophagy, apoptosis and mitochondrial energy metabolism. The intervention of neurodegeneration using potential antioxidants, including vitamins, phytochemicals, resveratrol, herbals, curcumin, coenzyme Q10 and minerals, specifically aimed at retaining mitochondrial function in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nuraqila Mohd Murshid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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162
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Marcus K, Lelong C, Rabilloud T. What Room for Two-Dimensional Gel-Based Proteomics in a Shotgun Proteomics World? Proteomes 2020; 8:proteomes8030017. [PMID: 32781532 PMCID: PMC7563651 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes8030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was instrumental in the birth of proteomics in the late 1980s. However, it is now often considered as an outdated technique for proteomics—a thing of the past. Although this opinion may be true for some biological questions, e.g., when analysis depth is of critical importance, for many others, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics still has a lot to offer. This is because of its robustness, its ability to separate proteoforms, and its easy interface with many powerful biochemistry techniques (including western blotting). This paper reviews where and why two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics can still be profitably used. It emerges that, rather than being a thing of the past, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics is still highly valuable for many studies. Thus, its use cannot be dismissed on simple fashion arguments and, as usual, in science, the tree is to be judged by the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Marcus
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Medical Faculty & Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Proteindiagnostics (PRODI) Ruhr-University Bochum Gesundheitscampus, 4 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Cécile Lelong
- CBM UMR CNRS5249, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 rue des Martyrs, CEDEX 9, 38054 Grenoble, France;
| | - Thierry Rabilloud
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, UMR 5249, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38054 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-438-783-212
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163
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Trefely S, Lovell CD, Snyder NW, Wellen KE. Compartmentalised acyl-CoA metabolism and roles in chromatin regulation. Mol Metab 2020; 38:100941. [PMID: 32199817 PMCID: PMC7300382 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many metabolites serve as important signalling molecules to adjust cellular activities and functions based on nutrient availability. Links between acetyl-CoA metabolism, histone lysine acetylation, and gene expression have been documented and studied over the past decade. In recent years, several additional acyl modifications to histone lysine residues have been identified, which depend on acyl-coenzyme A thioesters (acyl-CoAs) as acyl donors. Acyl-CoAs are intermediates of multiple distinct metabolic pathways, and substantial evidence has emerged that histone acylation is metabolically sensitive. Nevertheless, the metabolic sources of acyl-CoAs used for chromatin modification in most cases remain poorly understood. Elucidating how these diverse chemical modifications are coupled to and regulated by cellular metabolism is important in deciphering their functional significance. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this article, we review the metabolic pathways that produce acyl-CoAs, as well as emerging evidence for functional roles of diverse acyl-CoAs in chromatin regulation. Because acetyl-CoA has been extensively reviewed elsewhere, we will focus on four other acyl-CoA metabolites integral to major metabolic pathways that are also known to modify histones: succinyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, crotonoyl-CoA, and butyryl-CoA. We also briefly mention several other acyl-CoA species, which present opportunities for further research; malonyl-CoA, glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA, and lactyl-CoA. Each acyl-CoA species has distinct roles in metabolism, indicating the potential to report shifts in the metabolic status of the cell. For each metabolite, we consider the metabolic pathways in which it participates and the nutrient sources from which it is derived, the compartmentalisation of its metabolism, and the factors reported to influence its abundance and potential nuclear availability. We also highlight reported biological functions of these metabolically-linked acylation marks. Finally, we aim to illuminate key questions in acyl-CoA metabolism as they relate to the control of chromatin modification. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A majority of acyl-CoA species are annotated to mitochondrial metabolic processes. Since acyl-CoAs are not known to be directly transported across mitochondrial membranes, they must be synthesized outside of mitochondria and potentially within the nucleus to participate in chromatin regulation. Thus, subcellular metabolic compartmentalisation likely plays a key role in the regulation of histone acylation. Metabolite tracing in combination with targeting of relevant enzymes and transporters will help to map the metabolic pathways that connect acyl-CoA metabolism to chromatin modification. The specific function of each acyl-CoA may be determined in part by biochemical properties that affect its propensity for enzymatic versus non-enzymatic protein modification, as well as the various enzymes that can add, remove and bind each modification. Further, competitive and inhibitory effects of different acyl-CoA species on these enzymes make determining the relative abundance of acyl-CoA species in specific contexts important to understand the regulation of chromatin acylation. An improved and more nuanced understanding of metabolic regulation of chromatin and its roles in physiological and disease-related processes will emerge as these questions are answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Trefely
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Claudia D Lovell
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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164
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Xin T, Lu C. SirT3 activates AMPK-related mitochondrial biogenesis and ameliorates sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16224-16237. [PMID: 32721927 PMCID: PMC7485737 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin-3 (SirT3) and AMPK stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis, which increases mitochondrial turnover and cardiomyocyte regeneration. We studied the effects of SirT3, AMPK, and mitochondrial biogenesis on sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Our data showed that after treating cardiomyocytes with lipopolysaccharide, SirT3 and AMPK levels decreased, and this was followed by mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte death. Overexpression of SirT3 activated the AMPK pathway and improved mitochondrial biogenesis, which is required to sustain mitochondrial redox balance, maintain mitochondrial respiration, and suppress mitochondrial apoptosis. Inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis abolished SirT3/AMPK-induced cardioprotection by causing mitochondrial damage. These findings indicate that SirT3 reduces sepsis-induced myocardial injury by activating AMPK-related mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xin
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjing 300192, P.R. China
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjing 300192, P.R. China
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165
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Roles of Mitochondrial Sirtuins in Mitochondrial Function, Redox Homeostasis, Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155266. [PMID: 32722262 PMCID: PMC7432223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the metabolic hubs that process a number of reactions including tricarboxylic acid cycle, β-oxidation of fatty acids and part of the urea cycle and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. Mitochondrial dysfunction impairs redox homeostasis and metabolic adaptation, leading to aging and metabolic disorders like insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. SIRT3, SIRT4 and SIRT5 belong to the sirtuin family proteins and are located at mitochondria and also known as mitochondrial sirtuins. They catalyze NAD+-dependent deacylation (deacetylation, demalonylation and desuccinylation) and ADP-ribosylation and modulate the function of mitochondrial targets to regulate the metabolic status in mammalian cells. Emerging evidence has revealed that mitochondrial sirtuins coordinate the regulation of gene expression and activities of a wide spectrum of enzymes to orchestrate oxidative metabolism and stress responses. Mitochondrial sirtuins act in synergistic or antagonistic manners to promote respiratory function, antioxidant defense, insulin response and adipogenesis to protect individuals from aging and aging-related metabolic abnormalities. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondrial sirtuins regulate oxidative metabolism and antioxidant defense and discuss the roles of their deficiency in the impairment of mitochondrial function and pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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166
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The Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitor LRE1 Prevents Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Damage Through Improvement of Mitochondrial Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144896. [PMID: 32664470 PMCID: PMC7402335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a leading cause of organ dysfunction and failure in numerous pathological and surgical settings. At the core of this issue lies mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, strategies that prime mitochondria towards damage resilience might prove applicable in a clinical setting. A promising approach has been to induce a mitohormetic response, removing less capable organelles, and replacing them with more competent ones, in preparation for an insult. Recently, a soluble form of adenylyl cyclase (sAC) has been shown to exist within mitochondria, the activation of which improved mitochondrial function. Here, we sought to understand if inhibiting mitochondrial sAC would elicit mitohormesis and protect the liver from I/R injury. Wistar male rats were pretreated with LRE1, a specific sAC inhibitor, prior to the induction of hepatic I/R injury, after which mitochondria were collected and their metabolic function was assessed. We find LRE1 to be an effective inducer of a mitohormetic response based on all parameters tested, a phenomenon that appears to require the activity of the NAD+-dependent sirtuin deacylase (SirT3) and the subsequent deacetylation of mitochondrial proteins. We conclude that LRE1 pretreatment leads to a mitohormetic response that protects mitochondrial function during I/R injury.
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167
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Zhou JB, Wang Y, Zeng QY, Meng SX, Wang ED, Zhou XL. Molecular basis for t6A modification in human mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:3181-3194. [PMID: 32047918 PMCID: PMC7102964 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-Threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) is a universal tRNA modification essential for translational accuracy and fidelity. In human mitochondria, YrdC synthesises an l-threonylcarbamoyl adenylate (TC-AMP) intermediate, and OSGEPL1 transfers the TC-moiety to five tRNAs, including human mitochondrial tRNAThr (hmtRNAThr). Mutation of hmtRNAs, YrdC and OSGEPL1, affecting efficient t6A modification, has been implicated in various human diseases. However, little is known about the tRNA recognition mechanism in t6A formation in human mitochondria. Herein, we showed that OSGEPL1 is a monomer and is unique in utilising C34 as an anti-determinant by studying the contributions of individual bases in the anticodon loop of hmtRNAThr to t6A modification. OSGEPL1 activity was greatly enhanced by introducing G38A in hmtRNAIle or the A28:U42 base pair in a chimeric tRNA containing the anticodon stem of hmtRNASer(AGY), suggesting that sequences of specific hmtRNAs are fine-tuned for different modification levels. Moreover, using purified OSGEPL1, we identified multiple acetylation sites, and OSGEPL1 activity was readily affected by acetylation via multiple mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, we systematically elucidated the nucleotide requirement in the anticodon loop of hmtRNAs, and revealed mechanisms involving tRNA sequence optimisation and post-translational protein modification that determine t6A modification levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Hai Ke Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qi-Yu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shi-Xin Meng
- Biology Department, College of Science, Purdue University, 150 N. University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - En-Duo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Hai Ke Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
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168
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Kalous KS, Wynia-Smith SL, Summers SB, Smith BC. Human sirtuins are differentially sensitive to inhibition by nitrosating agents and other cysteine oxidants. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8524-8536. [PMID: 32371394 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (e.g. human Sirt1-7) catalyze the removal of acyl groups from lysine residues in proteins in an NAD+-dependent manner, and loss of sirtuin deacylase activity correlates with the development of aging-related diseases. Although multiple reports suggest that sirtuin activity is regulated by oxidative post-translational modifications of cysteines during inflammation and aging, no systematic comparative study of potential direct sirtuin cysteine oxidative modifications has been performed. Here, using IC50 and k inact/KI analyses, we quantified the ability of nitrosothiols (S-nitrosoglutathione and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d,l-penicillamine), nitric oxide, oxidized GSH, and hydrogen peroxide to post-translationally modify and inhibit the deacylase activity of Sirt1, Sirt2, Sirt3, Sirt5, and Sirt6. The inhibition was correlated with cysteine modification and assessed with chemical-probe and blot-based assays for cysteine S-nitrosation, sulfenylation, and glutathionylation. We show that the primarily nuclear sirtuins Sirt1 and Sirt6, as well as the primarily cytosolic sirtuin Sirt2, are modified and inhibited by cysteine S-nitrosation in response to exposure to both free nitric oxide and nitrosothiols (k inact/KI ≥ 5 m-1 s-1), which is the first report of Sirt2 and Sirt6 inhibition by S-nitrosation. Surprisingly, the mitochondrial sirtuins Sirt3 and Sirt5 were resistant to inhibition by cysteine oxidants. Collectively, these results suggest that nitric oxide-derived oxidants may causatively link nuclear and cytosolic sirtuin inhibition to aging-related inflammatory disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey S Kalous
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sarah L Wynia-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Steven B Summers
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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169
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Comprehensive analysis of posttranslational protein modifications in aging of subcellular compartments. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7596. [PMID: 32371922 PMCID: PMC7200742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic and non-enzymatic posttranslational protein modifications by oxidation, glycation and acylation are key regulatory mechanisms in hallmarks of aging like inflammation, altered epigenetics and decline in proteostasis. In this study a mouse cohort was used to monitor changes of posttranslational modifications in the aging process. A protocol for the extraction of histones, cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins from mouse liver was developed and validated. In total, 6 lysine acylation structures, 7 advanced glycation endproducts, 6 oxidative stress markers, and citrullination were quantitated in proteins of subcellular compartments using HPLC-MS/MS. Methionine sulfoxide, acetylation, formylation, and citrullination were the most abundant modifications. Histone proteins were extraordinary high modified and non-enzymatic modifications accumulated in all subcellular compartments during the aging process. Compared to acetylation of histone proteins which gave between 350 and 305 µmol/mol leucine equivalents in young and old animals, modifications like acylation, glycation, and citrullination raised to 43%, 20%, and 18% of acetylation, respectively. On the other hand there was an age related increase of selected oxidative stress markers by up to 150%. The data and patterns measured in this study are mandatory for further studies and will strongly facilitate understanding of the molecular mechanisms in aging.
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170
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Aggarwal S, Banerjee SK, Talukdar NC, Yadav AK. Post-translational Modification Crosstalk and Hotspots in Sirtuin Interactors Implicated in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Genet 2020; 11:356. [PMID: 32425973 PMCID: PMC7204943 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are protein deacetylases that play a protective role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as well as many other diseases. Absence of sirtuins can lead to hyperacetylation of both nuclear and mitochondrial proteins leading to metabolic dysregulation. The protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are known to crosstalk among each other to bring about complex phenotypic outcomes. Various PTM types such as acetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation, and so on, drive transcriptional regulation and metabolism, but such crosstalks are poorly understood. We integrated protein–protein interactions (PPI) and PTMs from several databases to integrate information on 1,251 sirtuin-interacting proteins, of which 544 are associated with cardiac diseases. Based on the ∼100,000 PTM sites obtained for sirtuin interactors, we observed that the frequency of PTM sites (83 per protein), as well as PTM types (five per protein), is higher than the global average for human proteome. We found that ∼60–70% PTM sites fall into ordered regions. Approximately 83% of the sirtuin interactors contained at least one competitive crosstalk (in situ) site, with half of the sites occurring in CVD-associated proteins. A large proportion of identified crosstalk sites were observed for acetylation and ubiquitination competition. We identified 614 proteins containing PTM hotspots (≥5 PTM sites) and 133 proteins containing crosstalk hotspots (≥3 crosstalk sites). We observed that a large proportion of disease-associated sequence variants were found in PTM motifs of CVD proteins. We identified seven proteins (TP53, LMNA, MAPT, ATP2A2, NCL, APEX1, and HIST1H3A) containing disease-associated variants in PTM and crosstalk hotspots. This is the first comprehensive bioinformatics analysis on sirtuin interactors with respect to PTMs and their crosstalks. This study forms a platform for generating interesting hypotheses that can be tested for a deeper mechanistic understanding gained or derived from big-data analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Aggarwal
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India.,Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
| | - Sanjay K Banerjee
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Narayan Chandra Talukdar
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
| | - Amit Kumar Yadav
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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171
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A bicyclic pentapeptide-based highly potent and selective pan-SIRT1/2/3 inhibitor harboring Nε-thioacetyl-lysine. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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172
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Bæk M, Martín‐Gago P, Laursen JS, Madsen JLH, Chakladar S, Olsen CA. Photo Cross-Linking Probes Containing ϵ-N-Thioacyllysine and ϵ-N-Acyl-(δ-aza)lysine Residues. Chemistry 2020; 26:3862-3869. [PMID: 31922630 PMCID: PMC7154546 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are important in the regulation of protein function, trafficking, localization, and marking for degradation. This work describes the development of peptide activity/affinity-based probes for the discovery of proteins that recognize novel acyl-based PTMs on lysine residues in the proteome. The probes contain surrogates of ϵ-N-acyllysine by introduction of either hydrazide or thioamide functionalities to circumvent hydrolysis of the modification during the experiments. In addition to the modified PTMs, the developed chemotypes were analyzed with respect to the effect of peptide sequence. The photo cross-linking conditions and subsequent functionalization of the covalent adducts were systematically optimized by applying fluorophore labeling and gel electrophoresis (in-gel fluorescence measurements). Finally, selected probes, containing the ϵ-N-glutaryllysine and ϵ-N-myristoyllysine analogues, were successfully applied for the enrichment of native, endogenous proteins from cell lysate, recapitulating the expected interactions of SIRT5 and SIRT2, respectively. Interestingly, the latter mentioned was able to pull down two different splice variants of SIRT2, which has not been achieved with a covalent probe before. Based on this elaborate proof-of-concept study, we expect that the technology will have broad future applications for pairing of novel PTMs with the proteins that target them in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bæk
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals &, Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 22100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Pablo Martín‐Gago
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals &, Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 22100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jonas S. Laursen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals &, Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 22100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Julie L. H. Madsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals &, Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 22100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Saswati Chakladar
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals &, Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 22100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Christian A. Olsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals &, Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 22100CopenhagenDenmark
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173
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Kimball TH, Vondriska TM. Metabolism, Epigenetics, and Causal Inference in Heart Failure. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:181-191. [PMID: 31866216 PMCID: PMC7035178 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotes must balance the metabolic and cell death actions of mitochondria via control of gene expression and cell fate by chromatin, thereby functionally binding the metabolome and epigenome. This interaction has far-reaching implications for chronic diseases in humans, the most common of which are those of the cardiovascular system. The most devastating consequence of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, is not a single disease, diagnosis, or endpoint. Human and animal studies have revealed that, regardless of etiology and symptoms, heart failure is universally associated with abnormal metabolism and gene expression - to frame this as cause or consequence, however, may be to wrongfoot the question. This essay aims to challenge current thinking on metabolic-epigenetic crosstalk in heart failure, presenting hypotheses for how chronic diseases arise, take hold, and persist. We unpack assumptions about the order of operations for gene expression and metabolism, exploring recent findings in noncardiac systems that link metabolic intermediates directly to chromatin remodeling. Lastly, we discuss potential mechanisms by which chromatin may serve as a substrate for metabolic memory, and how changes in cellular transcriptomes (and hence in cellular behavior) in response to stress correspond to global changes in chromatin accessibility and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd H Kimball
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M Vondriska
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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174
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175
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Møller IM, Igamberdiev AU, Bykova NV, Finkemeier I, Rasmusson AG, Schwarzländer M. Matrix Redox Physiology Governs the Regulation of Plant Mitochondrial Metabolism through Posttranslational Protein Modifications. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:573-594. [PMID: 31911454 PMCID: PMC7054041 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria function as hubs of plant metabolism. Oxidative phosphorylation produces ATP, but it is also a central high-capacity electron sink required by many metabolic pathways that must be flexibly coordinated and integrated. Here, we review the crucial roles of redox-associated posttranslational protein modifications (PTMs) in mitochondrial metabolic regulation. We discuss several major concepts. First, the major redox couples in the mitochondrial matrix (NAD, NADP, thioredoxin, glutathione, and ascorbate) are in kinetic steady state rather than thermodynamic equilibrium. Second, targeted proteomics have produced long lists of proteins potentially regulated by Cys oxidation/thioredoxin, Met-SO formation, phosphorylation, or Lys acetylation, but we currently only understand the functional importance of a few of these PTMs. Some site modifications may represent molecular noise caused by spurious reactions. Third, different PTMs on the same protein or on different proteins in the same metabolic pathway can interact to fine-tune metabolic regulation. Fourth, PTMs take part in the repair of stress-induced damage (e.g., by reducing Met and Cys oxidation products) as well as adjusting metabolic functions in response to environmental variation, such as changes in light irradiance or oxygen availability. Finally, PTMs form a multidimensional regulatory system that provides the speed and flexibility needed for mitochondrial coordination far beyond that provided by changes in nuclear gene expression alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Max Møller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Natalia V Bykova
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden, Manitoba R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, DE-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, DE-48143 Münster, Germany
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176
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Tombline G, Gigas J, Macoretta N, Zacher M, Emmrich S, Zhao Y, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. Proteomics of Long-Lived Mammals. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1800416. [PMID: 31737995 PMCID: PMC7117992 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian species differ up to 100-fold in their aging rates and maximum lifespans. Long-lived mammals appear to possess traits that extend lifespan and healthspan. Genomic analyses have not revealed a single pro-longevity function that would account for all longevity effects. In contrast, it appears that pro-longevity mechanisms may be complex traits afforded by connections between metabolism and protein functions that are impossible to predict by genomic approaches alone. Thus, metabolomics and proteomics studies will be required to understand the mechanisms of longevity. Several examples are reviewed that demonstrate the naked mole rat (NMR) shows unique proteomic signatures that contribute to longevity by overcoming several hallmarks of aging. SIRT6 is also discussed as an example of a protein that evolves enhanced enzymatic function in long-lived species. Finally, it is shown that several longevity-related proteins such as Cip1/p21, FOXO3, TOP2A, AKT1, RICTOR, INSR, and SIRT6 harbor posttranslational modification (PTM) sites that preferentially appear in either short- or long-lived species and provide examples of crosstalk between PTM sites. Prospects of enhancing lifespan and healthspan of humans by altering metabolism and proteoforms with drugs that mimic changes observed in long-lived species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Tombline
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester,
New York 14627, USA
| | - Jonathan Gigas
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester,
New York 14627, USA
| | - Nicholas Macoretta
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester,
New York 14627, USA
| | - Max Zacher
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester,
New York 14627, USA
| | - Stephan Emmrich
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester,
New York 14627, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester,
New York 14627, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester,
New York 14627, USA
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester,
New York 14627, USA
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177
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Xie X, Shah S, Holtz A, Rose J, Basisty N, Schilling B. Simultaneous Affinity Enrichment of Two Post-Translational Modifications for Quantification and Site Localization. J Vis Exp 2020:10.3791/60780. [PMID: 32176209 PMCID: PMC7275731 DOI: 10.3791/60780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins is a crucial step to understand PTM crosstalk and gain more holistic insights into protein function. Despite the importance of multi-PTM enrichment studies, few studies investigate more than one PTM at a time, due partially to the expenses, time, and large protein quantities required to perform multiple global proteomic analysis of PTMs. The "one-pot" affinity enrichment detailed in this protocol overcomes these barriers by permitting the simultaneous identification and quantification of peptides with lysine residues containing acetylation and succinylation PTMs with low amounts of sample input. The protocol involves preparation of protein lysate from mouse livers of SIRT5 knockout mice, performance of trypsin digestion, enrichment for PTMs, and performance of mass spectrometric analysis using a data-independent acquisition (DIA) workflow. Because this workflow allows for the enrichment of two PTMs from the same sample simultaneously, it provides a practical tool to study PTM crosstalk without requiring large amounts of samples, and it greatly reduces the time required for sample preparation, data acquisition, and analysis. The DIA component of the workflow provides comprehensive PTM-specific information. This is particularly important when studying PTM site localization, as DIA provides comprehensive sets of fragment ions that can be computationally deciphered to differentiate between different PTM localization isoforms.
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178
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Concise Review: The Regulatory Mechanism of Lysine Acetylation in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:7618506. [PMID: 32399051 PMCID: PMC7204305 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7618506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of MSCs has attracted considerable attention in the global science and technology field, with the self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation potential for diabetes, obesity treatment, bone repair, nerve repair, myocardial repair, and so on. Epigenetics plays an important role in the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, which has become a research hotspot in the medical field. This review focuses on the role of lysine acetylation modification on the determination of MSC differentiation direction. During this progress, the recruitment of lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and lysine deacetylases (KDACs) is the crux of transcriptional mechanisms in the dynamic regulation of key genes controlling MSC multidirectional differentiation.
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179
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Schilling B, Meyer JG, Wei L, Ott M, Verdin E. High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry to Identify and Quantify Acetylation Protein Targets. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 1983:3-16. [PMID: 31087289 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9434-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic nature of protein posttranslational modification (PTM) allows cells to rapidly respond to changes in their environment, such as nutrition, stress, or signaling. Lysine residues are targets for several types of modifications, including methylation, ubiquitination, and various acylation groups, especially acetylation. Currently, one of the best methods for identification and quantification of protein acetylation is immunoaffinity enrichment in combination with high-resolution mass spectrometry. As we are using a relatively novel and comprehensive mass spectrometric approach, data-independent acquisition (DIA), this protocol provides high-throughput, accurate, and reproducible label-free PTM quantification. Here we describe detailed protocols to process relatively small amounts of mouse liver tissue that integrate isolation of proteins, proteolytic digestion into peptides, immunoaffinity enrichment of acetylated peptides, identification of acetylation sites, and comprehensive quantification of relative abundance changes for thousands of identified lysine acetylation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesse G Meyer
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Lei Wei
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
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180
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Disruption of Acetyl-Lysine Turnover in Muscle Mitochondria Promotes Insulin Resistance and Redox Stress without Overt Respiratory Dysfunction. Cell Metab 2020; 31:131-147.e11. [PMID: 31813822 PMCID: PMC6952241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to examine the functional significance of mitochondrial protein acetylation using a double knockout (DKO) mouse model harboring muscle-specific deficits in acetyl-CoA buffering and lysine deacetylation, due to genetic ablation of carnitine acetyltransferase and Sirtuin 3, respectively. DKO mice are highly susceptible to extreme hyperacetylation of the mitochondrial proteome and develop a more severe form of diet-induced insulin resistance than either single KO mouse line. However, the functional phenotype of hyperacetylated DKO mitochondria is largely normal. Of the >120 measures of respiratory function assayed, the most consistently observed traits of a markedly heightened acetyl-lysine landscape are enhanced oxygen flux in the context of fatty acid fuel and elevated rates of electron leak. In sum, the findings challenge the notion that lysine acetylation causes broad-ranging damage to mitochondrial quality and performance and raise the possibility that acetyl-lysine turnover, rather than acetyl-lysine stoichiometry, modulates redox balance and carbon flux.
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181
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Abstract
Nε-lysine acetylation was discovered more than half a century ago as a post-translational modification of histones and has been extensively studied in the context of transcription regulation. In the past decade, proteomic analyses have revealed that non-histone proteins are frequently acetylated and constitute a major portion of the acetylome in mammalian cells. Indeed, non-histone protein acetylation is involved in key cellular processes relevant to physiology and disease, such as gene transcription, DNA damage repair, cell division, signal transduction, protein folding, autophagy and metabolism. Acetylation affects protein functions through diverse mechanisms, including by regulating protein stability, enzymatic activity, subcellular localization and crosstalk with other post-translational modifications and by controlling protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. In this Review, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of the scope, functional diversity and mechanisms of non-histone protein acetylation.
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182
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Zhu S, Makosa D, Miller BF, Griffin TM. Glutathione as a mediator of cartilage oxidative stress resistance and resilience during aging and osteoarthritis. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:34-47. [PMID: 31522568 PMCID: PMC6884680 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1665035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: An underlying cause of osteoarthritis (OA) is the inability of chondrocytes to maintain homeostasis in response to changing stress conditions. The purpose of this article was to review and experimentally evaluate oxidative stress resistance and resilience concepts in cartilage using glutathione redox homeostasis as an example. This framework may help identify novel approaches for promoting chondrocyte homeostasis during aging and obesity.Materials and Methods: Changes in glutathione content and redox ratio were evaluated in three models of chondrocyte stress: (1) age- and tissue-specific changes in joint tissues of 10 and 30-month old F344BN rats, including ex vivo patella culture experiments to evaluate N-acetylcysteine dependent resistance to interleukin-1beta; (2) effect of different durations and patterns of cyclic compressive loading in bovine cartilage on glutathione stress resistance and resilience pathways; (3) time-dependent changes in GSH:GSSG in primary chondrocytes from wild-type and Sirt3 deficient mice challenged with the pro-oxidant menadione.Results: Glutathione was more abundant in cartilage than meniscus or infrapatellar fat pad, although cartilage was also more susceptible to age-related glutathione oxidation. Glutathione redox homeostasis was sensitive to the duration of compressive loading such that load-induced oxidation required unloaded periods to recover and increase total antioxidant capacity. Exposure to a pro-oxidant stress enhanced stress resistance by increasing glutathione content and GSH:GSSG ratio, especially in Sirt3 deficient cells. However, the rate of recovery, a marker of resilience, was delayed without Sirt3.Conclusions: OA-related models of cartilage stress reveal multiple mechanisms by which glutathione provides oxidative stress resistance and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouan Zhu
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Dawid Makosa
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA,Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Benjamin F. Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Timothy M. Griffin
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
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183
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Gomes P, Viana SD, Nunes S, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM, Reis F. The yin and yang faces of the mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3 in age-related disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 57:100983. [PMID: 31740222 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging, the most important risk factor for many of the chronic diseases affecting Western society, is associated with a decline in mitochondrial function and dynamics. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a mitochondrial deacetylase that has emerged as a key regulator of fundamental processes which are frequently dysregulated in aging and related disorders. This review highlights recent advances and controversies regarding the yin and yang functions of SIRT3 in metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the use of SIRT3 modulators as a therapeutic strategy against those disorders. Although most studies point to a protective role upon SIRT3 activation, there are conflicting findings that need a better elucidation. The discovery of novel SIRT3 modulators with higher selectivity together with the assessment of the relative importance of different SIRT3 enzymatic activities and the relevance of crosstalk between distinct sirtuin isoforms will be pivotal to validate SIRT3 as a useful drug target for the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gomes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia D Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Nunes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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184
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SIRT3 Haploinsufficiency Aggravates Loss of GABAergic Interneurons and Neuronal Network Hyperexcitability in an Alzheimer's Disease Model. J Neurosci 2019; 40:694-709. [PMID: 31818974 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1446-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function and aberrant neuronal network activity are believed to be early events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but how mitochondrial alterations contribute to aberrant activity in neuronal circuits is unknown. In this study, we examined the function of mitochondrial protein deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) in the pathogenesis of AD. Compared with AppPs1 mice, Sirt3-haploinsufficient AppPs1 mice (Sirt3+/-AppPs1) exhibit early epileptiform EEG activity and seizure. Both male and female Sirt3+/-AppPs1 mice were observed to die prematurely before 5 months of age. When comparing male mice among different genotypes, Sirt3 haploinsufficiency renders GABAergic interneurons in the cerebral cortex vulnerable to degeneration and associated neuronal network hyperexcitability. Feeding Sirt3+/-AppPs1 AD mice with a ketone ester-rich diet increases SIRT3 expression and prevents seizure-related death and the degeneration of GABAergic neurons, indicating that the aggravated GABAergic neuron loss and neuronal network hyperexcitability in Sirt3+/-AppPs1 mice are caused by SIRT3 reduction and can be rescued by increase of SIRT3 expression. Consistent with a protective role in AD, SIRT3 levels are reduced in association with cerebral cortical Aβ pathology in AD patients. In summary, SIRT3 preserves GABAergic interneurons and protects cerebral circuits against hyperexcitability, and this neuroprotective mechanism can be bolstered by dietary ketone esters.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT GABAergic neurons provide the main inhibitory control of neuronal activity in the brain. By preserving mitochondrial function, SIRT3 protects parvalbumin and calretinin interneurons against Aβ-associated dysfunction and degeneration in AppPs1 Alzheimer's disease mice, thus restraining neuronal network hyperactivity. The neuronal network dysfunction that occurs in Alzheimer's disease can be partially reversed by physiological, dietary, and pharmacological interventions to increase SIRT3 expression and enhance the functionality of GABAergic interneurons.
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185
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Evans TG, Logan CA. Mechanisms of biological sensitivity and resistance to a rapidly changing ocean. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 241:110625. [PMID: 31790807 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler G Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University East Bay, 25800 Carlos Bee Blvd, Hayward, CA 94542, USA.
| | - Cheryl A Logan
- Department of Marine Science, California State University Monterey Bay, 100 Campus Center, Seaside, CA 93955, USA
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186
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Yan D, Franzini A, Pomicter AD, Halverson BJ, Antelope O, Mason CC, Ahmann JM, Senina AV, Vellore NA, Jones CL, Zabriskie MS, Than H, Xiao MJ, van Scoyk A, Patel AB, Clair PM, Heaton WL, Owen SC, Andersen JL, Egbert CM, Reisz JA, D'Alessandro A, Cox JE, Gantz KC, Redwine HM, Iyer SM, Khorashad JS, Rajabi N, Olsen CA, O'Hare T, Deininger MW. SIRT5 IS A DRUGGABLE METABOLIC VULNERABILITY IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. Blood Cancer Discov 2019; 2:266-287. [PMID: 34027418 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-20-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We discovered that the survival and growth of many primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples and cell lines, but not normal CD34+ cells, are dependent on SIRT5, a lysine deacylase implicated in regulating multiple metabolic pathways. Dependence on SIRT5 is genotype-agnostic and extends to RAS- and p53-mutated AML. Results were comparable between SIRT5 knockdown and SIRT5 inhibition using NRD167, a potent and selective SIRT5 inhibitor. Apoptosis induced by SIRT5 disruption is preceded by reductions in oxidative phosphorylation and glutamine utilization, and an increase in mitochondrial superoxide that is attenuated by ectopic superoxide dismutase 2. These data indicate that SIRT5 controls and coordinates several key metabolic pathways in AML and implicate SIRT5 as a vulnerability in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Yan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anca Franzini
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Orlando Antelope
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Clinton C Mason
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jonathan M Ahmann
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna V Senina
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nadeem A Vellore
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Courtney L Jones
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Hein Than
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Michael J Xiao
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Ami B Patel
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Phillip M Clair
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William L Heaton
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shawn C Owen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joshua L Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Christina M Egbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James E Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kevin C Gantz
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hannah M Redwine
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Siddharth M Iyer
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jamshid S Khorashad
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nima Rajabi
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian A Olsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas O'Hare
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael W Deininger
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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187
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Yong-Quan Ng G, Fann DYW, Jo DG, Sobey CG, Arumugam TV. Epigenetic Regulation by Dietary Restriction: Part II. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2019; 2:300-310. [PMID: 32039346 PMCID: PMC7007178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the first part of our review, we extensively discuss the different variants of dietary restriction (DR) regimens, as well as its corresponding mechanism(s) and subsequent effects. We also provide a detailed analysis of the different epigenetic mechanisms based on current knowledge. We postulate that DR may represent an environmental intervention that can modulate the epigenomic profile of an individual. It is highly plausible that epigenetic regulation by DR may help explain the asymmetric manifestation of DR effects in different individuals. Additionally, epigenetic modifications via DR may lead to epigenetic programming, providing protection against age-associated diseases, which in turn could lead to reduced morbidity and increased lifespan. In the second part of the review, we summarize recent findings that highlight the epigenomic axis of DR, which provides a better understanding of the mechanisms by which its numerous health benefits are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Yong-Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Yang-Wei Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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188
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Follo MY, Pellagatti A, Ratti S, Ramazzotti G, Faenza I, Fiume R, Mongiorgi S, Suh PG, McCubrey JA, Manzoli L, Boultwood J, Cocco L. Recent advances in MDS mutation landscape: Splicing and signalling. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 75:100673. [PMID: 31711974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent cytogenetic aberrations, genetic mutations and variable gene expression have been consistently recognized in solid cancers and in leukaemia, including in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS). Besides conventional cytogenetics, the growing accessibility of new techniques has led to a deeper analysis of the molecular significance of genetic variations. Indeed, gene mutations affecting splicing genes, as well as genes implicated in essential signalling pathways, play a pivotal role in MDS physiology and pathophysiology, representing potential new molecular targets for innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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189
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Liu L, Chen H, Jin J, Tang Z, Yin P, Zhong D, Li G. Melatonin ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through SIRT3 activation. Life Sci 2019; 239:117036. [PMID: 31697951 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Previous literature has shown that melatonin plays a critical role in protecting against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Sirtuin3(SIRT3), as one member of the sirtuin family, protects against oxidative stress-related diseases. However, the association between melatonin and SIRT3 in cerebral I/R injury is not well understood. Our experiment was planned to investigate whether melatonin protects against cerebral I/R injury through SIRT3 activation. MAIN METHODS We selected transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mice as the model of cerebral I/R injury. Male C57/BL6 mice were pre-treated with or without a selective SIRT3 inhibitor and then subjected to tMCAO surgery. Melatonin (20 mg/kg) was given to mice by intraperitoneal injection after ischemia and before reperfusion. Then, we observed the changes in the SIRT3 and downstream relative proteins, infarction volume, neurological score, Nissl, H&E and TUNEL staining, and the expression of apoptosis proteins after tMCAO. KEY FINDINGS Melatonin upregulated the expression of SIRT3 after tMCAO, and alleviated the neurological dysfunction and cell apoptosis through SIRT3 activation. SIGNIFICANCE Our research proved that melatonin promoted SIRT3 expression after tMCAO and alleviated cerebral I/R injury by activating the SIRT3 signaling pathway. This study provides novel therapeutic targets and mechanisms for the treatment of ischemic stroke in the clinic, especially during cerebrovascular reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhanbin Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Pengqi Yin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Di Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| | - Guozhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
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190
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Heinonen T, Ciarlo E, Le Roy D, Roger T. Impact of the Dual Deletion of the Mitochondrial Sirtuins SIRT3 and SIRT5 on Anti-microbial Host Defenses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2341. [PMID: 31632409 PMCID: PMC6781768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sirtuins SIRT3 and SIRT5 are the main mitochondrial lysine deacetylase and desuccinylase, respectively. SIRT3 and SIRT5 regulate metabolism and redox homeostasis and have been involved in age-associated metabolic, neurologic and oncologic diseases. We have previously shown that single deficiency in either SIRT3 or SIRT5 had no impact on host defenses in a large panel of preclinical models of sepsis. However, SIRT3 and SIRT5 may compensate each other considering that they share subcellular location and targets. Here, we generated a SIRT3/5 double knockout mouse line. SIRT3/5 deficient mice multiplied and developed without abnormalities. Hematopoiesis and immune cell development were largely unaffected in SIRT3/5 deficient mice. Whole blood, macrophages and neutrophils from SIRT3/5 deficient mice displayed enhanced inflammatory and bactericidal responses. In agreement, SIRT3/5 deficient mice showed somewhat improved resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Overall, the double deficiency in SIRT3 and SIRT5 has rather subtle impacts on immune cell development and anti-microbial host defenses unseen in single deficient mice, indicating a certain degree of overlap between SIRT3 and SIRT5. These data support the assumption that therapies directed against mitochondrial sirtuins, at least SIRT3 and SIRT5, should not impair antibacterial host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tytti Heinonen
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Ciarlo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Didier Le Roy
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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191
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Dikalov SI, Dikalova AE. Crosstalk Between Mitochondrial Hyperacetylation and Oxidative Stress in Vascular Dysfunction and Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:710-721. [PMID: 30618267 PMCID: PMC6708267 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Vascular dysfunction plays a key role in the development of arteriosclerosis, heart disease, and hypertension, which causes one-third of deaths worldwide. Vascular oxidative stress and metabolic disorders contribute to vascular dysfunction, leading to impaired vasorelaxation, vascular hypertrophy, fibrosis, and aortic stiffening. Mitochondria are critical in the regulation of metabolic and antioxidant functions; therefore, mitochondria-targeted treatments could be beneficial. Recent Advances: Vascular dysfunction is crucial in hypertension pathophysiology and exhibits bidirectional relationship. Metabolic disorders and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction and hypertension, which are associated with mitochondrial impairment and hyperacetylation. Mitochondrial deacetylase Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) is critical in the regulation of metabolic and antioxidant functions. Clinical studies show that cardiovascular disease risk factors reduce Sirt3 level and Sirt3 declines with age, paralleling the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and hypertension. An imbalance between mitochondrial acetylation and reduced Sirt3 activity contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. We propose that mitochondrial hyperacetylation drives a vicious cycle between metabolic disorders and mitochondrial oxidative stress, promoting vascular dysfunction and hypertension. Critical Issues: The mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction are still obscure in human hypertension. Mitochondrial hyperacetylation and oxidative stress contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction; however, regulation of mitochondrial acetylation, the role of GCN5L1 (acetyl-CoA-binding protein promoting acetyltransferase protein acetylation) acetyltransferase, Sirt3 deacetylase, and acetylation of specific proteins require further investigations. Future Directions: There is an urgent need to define molecular mechanisms and the pathophysiological role of mitochondrial hyperacetylation, identify novel pharmacological targets, and develop therapeutic approaches to reduce this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I Dikalov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anna E Dikalova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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192
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Baldensperger T, Sanzo SD, Ori A, Glomb MA. Quantitation of Reactive Acyl-CoA Species Mediated Protein Acylation by HPLC-MS/MS. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12336-12343. [PMID: 31503451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently discovered acylation by reactive acyl-CoA species is considered a novel regulatory mechanism in epigenetics and metabolism. Established analytical methods like Western blotting and proteomics fail to detect the plethora of acylation structures in a single analysis and lack the ability of absolute quantitation. In this paper, we developed an HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous detection and quantitation of 14 acylated lysine species in biological samples. Extensive effort was invested into method validation resulting in recovery rates between 75 and 93% and levels of detection in the nanomolar range. Thus, we were able to quantitate 8 acylation structures in mouse liver, kidney, heart, and brain. Further enrichment by repetitive HPLC fractionation resulted in the quantitation of 6 additional acylation structures including 4 novel modifications: N6-acetoacetyl lysine, N6-isovaleryl lysine, N6-(2-methylbutyryl) lysine, and N6-tiglyl lysine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Baldensperger
- Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2 , 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Simone Di Sanzo
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) , Beutenbergstraße 11 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) , Beutenbergstraße 11 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Marcus A Glomb
- Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2 , 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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193
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Han Y, Zhou S, Coetzee S, Chen A. SIRT4 and Its Roles in Energy and Redox Metabolism in Health, Disease and During Exercise. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1006. [PMID: 31447696 PMCID: PMC6695564 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD+-dependent SIRT4 has been reported to be a key regulator of metabolic enzymes and antioxidant defense mechanisms in mitochondria. It also plays an important role in regulation of mitochondrial metabolism in response to exercise. Recent studies have shown that SIRT4 is involved in a wide range of mitochondrial metabolic processes, including depressing insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells, promoting lipid synthesis, regulating mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) homeostasis, controlling apoptosis and regulating redox. SIRT4 also appears to have enzymatic functions involved in posttranslational modifications such as ADP-ribosylation, lysine deacetylation and lipoamidation. However, the effects on SIRT4 by metabolic diseases and changes in metabolic homeostasis such as during exercise, along with the roles of SIRT4 in the regulation of metabolism during disease, are not well understood. The main goal of this review is to critically analyse and summarise the current research evidence on the significance of the SIRT4 as a metabolic regulator and in mitochondrial function and its putative roles in relation to metabolic diseases and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Han
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonja Coetzee
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Anping Chen
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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194
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Li J, Wang T, Xia J, Yao W, Huang F. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic protein acetylations control glycolysis process in liver diseases. FASEB J 2019; 33:11640-11654. [PMID: 31370704 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901175r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Impaired glycolysis has pathologic effects on the occurrence and progression of liver diseases, and it appears that glycolysis is increased to different degrees in different liver diseases. As an important post-translational modification, reversible lysine acetylation regulates almost all cellular processes, including glycolysis. Lysine acetylation can occur enzymatically with acetyltransferases or nonenzymatically with acetyl-coenzyme A. Accompanied by the progression of liver diseases, there seems to be a temporal and spatial variation between enzymatic and nonenzymatic acetylations in the regulation of glycolysis. Here, we summarize the most recent findings on the functions and targets of acetylation in controlling glycolysis in the different stages of liver diseases. In addition, we discuss the differences and causes between enzymatic and nonenzymatic acetylations in regulating glycolysis throughout the progression of liver diseases. Then, we review these new discoveries to provide the potential implications of these findings for therapeutic interventions in liver diseases.-Li, J., Wang, T., Xia, J., Yao, W., Huang, F. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic protein acetylations control glycolysis process in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongxin Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weilei Yao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feiruo Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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195
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Biasutto L, Mattarei A, La Spina M, Azzolini M, Parrasia S, Szabò I, Zoratti M. Strategies to target bioactive molecules to subcellular compartments. Focus on natural compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111557. [PMID: 31374419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many potential pharmacological targets are present in multiple subcellular compartments and have different pathophysiological roles depending on location. In these cases, selective targeting of a drug to the relevant subcellular domain(s) may help to sharpen its impact by providing topological specificity, thus limiting side effects, and to concentrate the compound where needed, thus increasing its effectiveness. We review here the state of the art in precision subcellular delivery. The major approaches confer "homing" properties to the active principle via permanent or reversible (in pro-drug fashion) modifications, or through the use of special-design nanoparticles or liposomes to ferry a drug(s) cargo to its desired destination. An assortment of peptides, substituents with delocalized positive charges, custom-blended lipid mixtures, pH- or enzyme-sensitive groups provide the main tools of the trade. Mitochondria, lysosomes and the cell membrane may be mentioned as the fronts on which the most significant advances have been made. Most of the examples presented here have to do with targeting natural compounds - in particular polyphenols, known as pleiotropic agents - to one or the other subcellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy; Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Dept. Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina La Spina
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Azzolini
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Sofia Parrasia
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy; Dept. Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy; Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
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196
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Niemi NM, Wilson GM, Overmyer KA, Vögtle FN, Myketin L, Lohman DC, Schueler KL, Attie AD, Meisinger C, Coon JJ, Pagliarini DJ. Pptc7 is an essential phosphatase for promoting mammalian mitochondrial metabolism and biogenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3197. [PMID: 31324765 PMCID: PMC6642090 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial proteins are replete with phosphorylation, yet its functional relevance remains largely unclear. The presence of multiple resident mitochondrial phosphatases, however, suggests that protein dephosphorylation may be broadly important for calibrating mitochondrial activities. To explore this, we deleted the poorly characterized matrix phosphatase Pptc7 from mice using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Strikingly, Pptc7−/− mice exhibit hypoketotic hypoglycemia, elevated acylcarnitines and serum lactate, and die soon after birth. Pptc7−/− tissues have markedly diminished mitochondrial size and protein content despite normal transcript levels, and aberrantly elevated phosphorylation on select mitochondrial proteins. Among these, we identify the protein translocase complex subunit Timm50 as a putative Pptc7 substrate whose phosphorylation reduces import activity. We further find that phosphorylation within or near the mitochondrial targeting sequences of multiple proteins could disrupt their import rates and matrix processing. Overall, our data define Pptc7 as a protein phosphatase essential for proper mitochondrial function and biogenesis during the extrauterine transition. The mitochondria houses several phosphatases, but their function is not well characterized. Here, the authors show that mitochondrial phosphatase Pptc7 is important during development for proper mitochondrial function and has a role regulating protein import with the translocase subunit Timm50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Niemi
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Gary M Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Katherine A Overmyer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.,Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - F-Nora Vögtle
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany
| | - Lisa Myketin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany
| | | | - Kathryn L Schueler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Chris Meisinger
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, 53715, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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197
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Sirtuins as regulators of the cellular stress response and metabolism in marine ectotherms. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 236:110528. [PMID: 31319169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of climate change are altering the environmental landscape of marine habitats and exposing organisms to stressful conditions that may exceed their tolerance limits. Marine intertidal organisms are well adapted to fluctuating environments by adjusting energy metabolism and inducing the cellular stress response (CSR). Recent studies have shown that food availability can influence stress tolerance of marine ectotherms where a well-fed organism is more "robust" and more likely to survive a stressor than an animal under a low-food regime. We propose that the link between food availability and stress tolerance in marine ectotherms may be regulated by sirtuins, NAD+-dependent deacylases. In model organisms sirtuins act as energy sensors and are active under calorie restricted states where they target and regulate cellular metabolism, minimize oxidative stress, and influence the CSR. However, we know little regarding sirtuins in marine ectotherms. Herein we review the current literature on sirtuins in marine ectotherms including marine teleosts, limpets, and mussels. We show that the role of sirtuins in marine ectotherms is conserved from model organisms in regulating the CSR and energy, but the direct connection to NAD+ status under fed and starved conditions requires more attention. Although there is a beginning foundation of research regarding sirtuins in marine organisms, it is limited and would benefit from targeted studies investigating sirtuin activity in various tissues and animals under multiple stressors, NAD+/NADH levels under various fed states, and by using known sirtuin inhibitors and activators to elucidate the potential targets of sirtuins in marine animals.
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198
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Wang T, Cao Y, Zheng Q, Tu J, Zhou W, He J, Zhong J, Chen Y, Wang J, Cai R, Zuo Y, Wei B, Fan Q, Yang J, Wu Y, Yi J, Li D, Liu M, Wang C, Zhou A, Li Y, Wu X, Yang W, Chin YE, Chen G, Cheng J. SENP1-Sirt3 Signaling Controls Mitochondrial Protein Acetylation and Metabolism. Mol Cell 2019; 75:823-834.e5. [PMID: 31302001 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sirt3, as a major mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase, is required for mitochondrial metabolic adaption to various stresses. However, how to regulate Sirt3 activity responding to metabolic stress remains largely unknown. Here, we report Sirt3 as a SUMOylated protein in mitochondria. SUMOylation suppresses Sirt3 catalytic activity. SUMOylation-deficient Sirt3 shows elevated deacetylation on mitochondrial proteins and increased fatty acid oxidation. During fasting, SUMO-specific protease SENP1 is accumulated in mitochondria and quickly de-SUMOylates and activates Sirt3. SENP1 deficiency results in hyper-SUMOylation of Sirt3 and hyper-acetylation of mitochondrial proteins, which reduces mitochondrial metabolic adaption responding to fasting. Furthermore, we find that fasting induces SENP1 translocation into mitochondria to activate Sirt3. The studies on mice show that Sirt3 SUMOylation mutation reduces fat mass and antagonizes high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity via increasing oxidative phosphorylation and energy expenditure. Our results reveal that SENP1-Sirt3 signaling modulates Sirt3 activation and mitochondrial metabolism during metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Quan Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jun Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jianli He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yalan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rong Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yong Zuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qiuju Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Dali Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chuangui Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Aiwu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jinke Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
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199
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From discoveries in ageing research to therapeutics for healthy ageing. Nature 2019; 571:183-192. [PMID: 31292558 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 654] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, understanding ageing and the processes that limit lifespan have challenged biologists. Thirty years ago, the biology of ageing gained unprecedented scientific credibility through the identification of gene variants that extend the lifespan of multicellular model organisms. Here we summarize the milestones that mark this scientific triumph, discuss different ageing pathways and processes, and suggest that ageing research is entering a new era that has unique medical, commercial and societal implications. We argue that this era marks an inflection point, not only in ageing research but also for all biological research that affects the human healthspan.
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Tataranni T, Agriesti F, Pacelli C, Ruggieri V, Laurenzana I, Mazzoccoli C, Sala GD, Panebianco C, Pazienza V, Capitanio N, Piccoli C. Dichloroacetate Affects Mitochondrial Function and Stemness-Associated Properties in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050478. [PMID: 31109089 PMCID: PMC6562462 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting metabolism represents a possible successful approach to treat cancer. Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a drug known to divert metabolism from anaerobic glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by stimulation of PDH. In this study, we investigated the response of two pancreatic cancer cell lines to DCA, in two-dimensional and three-dimension cell cultures, as well as in a mouse model. PANC-1 and BXPC-3 treated with DCA showed a marked decrease in cell proliferation and migration which did not correlate with enhanced apoptosis indicating a cytostatic rather than a cytotoxic effect. Despite PDH activation, DCA treatment resulted in reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption without affecting glycolysis. Moreover, DCA caused enhancement of ROS production, mtDNA, and of the mitophagy-marker LC3B-II in both cell lines but reduced mitochondrial fusion markers only in BXPC-3. Notably, DCA downregulated the expression of the cancer stem cells markers CD24/CD44/EPCAM only in PANC-1 but inhibited spheroid formation/viability in both cell lines. In a xenograft pancreatic cancer mouse-model DCA treatment resulted in retarding cancer progression. Collectively, our results clearly indicate that the efficacy of DCA in inhibiting cancer growth mechanistically depends on the cell phenotype and on multiple off-target pathways. In this context, the novelty that DCA might affect the cancer stem cell compartment is therapeutically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Tataranni
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture (Pz), Italy.
| | - Francesca Agriesti
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture (Pz), Italy.
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Vitalba Ruggieri
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture (Pz), Italy.
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture (Pz), Italy.
| | - Carmela Mazzoccoli
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture (Pz), Italy.
| | - Gerardo Della Sala
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture (Pz), Italy.
| | - Concetta Panebianco
- Division of Gastroenterology, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Division of Gastroenterology, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Piccoli
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture (Pz), Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
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