151
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Wang Z, Li T, Fu Q, Liu D, Hou R, Li Q, Guo X. Regulation of Cu and Zn migration in soil by biochar during snowmelt. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109566. [PMID: 32344212 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To study the migration characteristics of the heavy metals Cu and Zn carried by snowmelt water infiltrating soil during snowmelt periods and the regulation of this process by biochar, field experiments were carried out in which the variation in the Cu and Zn contents in soils on bare land (S1) and in soils with biochar coverage (S2) were analysed before snowfall and during snowmelt periods, and the degree of Cu and Zn pollution was determined on the basis of the enrichment factor (EF) and index of geoaccumulation (Igeo). The migration characteristics of Cu and Zn in soil were studied by combining the migration coefficient and leaching ratio. During the snowmelt period, the use of biochar reduced the migration coefficients of Cu and Zn carried by snowmelt water in shallow soil. The transport coefficients (Tj) of Cu and Zn in shallow soil (0-30 cm) in the S2 treatment were 0.89 and 0.81, respectively, lower than those in the S1 treatment. In addition, during the snowmelt period, the leaching ratios (Cij) of Cu and Zn in the 0-10 cm soil layer of the S2 treatment were 0.22 and 0.24 less than those of the S1 treatment, the index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) was 0.52 and 0.23 less, and the enrichment factor (EF) was 1.20 and 0.09 less, respectively. This study provides practical and theoretical guidance for future research on soil heavy metal pollution mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tianxiao Li
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Renjie Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xinxin Guo
- School of Public Administration and Law, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
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152
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Li C, Sanchez GM, Wu Z, Cheng J, Zhang S, Wang Q, Li F, Sun G, Meentemeyer RK. Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of soil contamination with heavy metals during an intensive urbanization period (1989-2018) in southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114075. [PMID: 32014753 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This three-decade long study was conducted in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), a rapidly urbanizing region in southern China. Extensive soil samples for a diverse land uses were collected in 1989 (113), 2005 (1384), 2009 (521), and 2018 (421) for heavy metals of As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn. Multiple pollution indices and Structural Equation Models (SEMs) were used in attribution analysis and comprehensive assessments. Data showed that majority of the sampling sites was contaminated by one or more heavy metals, but pollutant concentrations had not reached levels of concerns for food security or human health. There was an increasing trend in heavy metal contamination over time and the variations of soil contamination were site-, time- and pollutant-dependent. Areas with high concentrations of heavy metals overlapped with highly industrialized and populated areas in western part of the study region. A dozen SEMs path analyses were used to compare the relative influences of key environmental factors on soil contamination across space and time. The high or elevated soil contaminations by As, Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn were primarily affected by soil properties during the study period, except 1989-2005, followed by land use patterns. Parent materials had a significant effect on elevated soil contamination of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and overall soil pollution during 1989-2005. We hypothesized that other factors not considered in the present study, such as atmospheric deposition, sewage irrigation, and agrochemical uses, may be also important to explain the variability of soil contamination. This study implied that strategies to improve soil physiochemical properties and optimize landscape structures are viable methods to mitigate soil contamination. Future studies should monitor pollutant sources identified by this study to fully understand the causes of heavy metal contamination in rapidly industrialized regions in southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, 510650, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Georgina M Sanchez
- Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jiong Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, 510650, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, 510650, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, 510650, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Fangbai Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, 510650, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Ge Sun
- USDA Forest Service Eastern Forest Environment Threat Assessment Center, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Ross K Meentemeyer
- Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
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153
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Ou C, Zhu X, Hu L, Wu X, Yu W, Wu Y. Source apportionment of soil contamination based on multivariate receptor and robust geostatistics in a typical rural–urban area, Wuhan city, middle China. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this study topsoil samples were collected from 57 sites of Dongxihu District which is a typical Chinese urban–rural combination area, to analyze the causes and effects of 6 heavy elements. (Ni, Pb, As, Cu, Cd, and Hg) Pollution of Enrichment factor, multivariate statistics, geostatistics were adopted to study the spatial pollution pattern and to identify the priority pollutants and regions of concern and sources of studied metals. Most importantly, the study area was creatively divided into central urban, semi-urbanized, and rural areas in accordance with the characteristics of urban development and land use. The results show that the pollution degree of potential ecological risk assessment is Hg>Ni>Cu>As>Cd>Pb, and semi-urban regions> city center> rural areas. Results based on the proposed integrated source identification method indicated that As was probably sourced from agricultural sources (33.99%), Pb was associated with atmospheric deposition (50.11%), Cu was related to industrial source 1 (45.97%), Cd was mainly derived from industrial source 2 (42.97%) and Hg come mainly from industrial source 3 (56.22%). The pollution in semi-urban areas in urbanization need more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangHong Ou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan430073, China
- Research Center for Environment and policy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan430073, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan430073, China
- Research Center for Environment and policy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan430073, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Wuhan Research institute of Environment Protection Science, Wuhan420100, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wu
- Wuhan Research institute of Environment Protection Science, Wuhan420100, China
| | - Weixian Yu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan430073, China
- Research Center for Environment and policy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan430073, China
| | - YiQian Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan430073, China
- Research Center for Environment and policy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan430073, China
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154
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Liu X, Shi H, Bai Z, Zhou W, Liu K, Wang M, He Y. Heavy metal concentrations of soils near the large opencast coal mine pits in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125360. [PMID: 31816549 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mining is a common industrial activity and significant source of soil heavy metal (HM) pollution. However, nearly all studies on the effects of mining activities on soil environmental quality have entailed field monitoring of small regions or bibliometric analyses. This study therefore investigated the pollution of surface soils surrounding 135 large opencast coal mining pits in China. A total of 1772 surface soil samples were collected, and the concentrations of eight major HMs were determined. The HM concentrations in this study were relatively lower than the published HM concentrations of coal mine soils from 50 typical Chinese coal mines. However, pollution assessments indicated that Cd, Cu, and As concentrations were concerning. Significant correlations existed between all of the HMs and mining pit area (p < 0.01), as well as between the Pb and Zn concentrations and direction (p < 0.05). Climate conditions had large influences on the HM concentrations. The concentrations of all studied HMs, except for Ni, were highest in Anthrosols and lowest in hydromorphic soils. The concentrations of all HMs, except for Hg, in land use types showed a descending trend of cultivated land > garden plot > grassland. Significantly negative correlations (p < 0.01) between all HM concentrations and elevation were observed. Cr, Zn, and Ni were significantly and positively correlated with the slope, and no HMs, except Cr, showed significant correlations with the parcel area. This paper provides insights for the policymakers regarding soil pollution control and management strategies near coal mine pits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liu
- Institute of Soil and Solid Waste Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China; Technical Centre for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
| | - Huading Shi
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, PR China; Institute of Soil and Solid Waste Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
| | - Zhongke Bai
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing, 100035, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing, 100035, PR China
| | - Kun Liu
- The 7th Institute of Geology & Mineral Exploration of Shandong Province, Linyi, Shandong, 276006, PR China
| | - Minghao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Institute of Soil and Solid Waste Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China; Technical Centre for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Yujie He
- Institute of Soil and Solid Waste Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China; Technical Centre for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, PR China
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155
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang J, Lv J. Identifying quantitative sources and spatial distributions of potentially toxic elements in soils by using three receptor models and sequential indicator simulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125266. [PMID: 31896197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Determining the reliable source contribution and spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a focal issue for soil regulation and remediation. For this purpose, three receptor models, US-EPA positive matrix factorization (EPAPMF), weighted alternating least squares positive matrix factorization (WALSPMF), and non-negative constrained absolutely principle analysis (NCAPCA), were used to a dataset consisting of ten PTEs (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) for source apportionment. Hazardous areas of ten PTEs were delineated using sequential indicator simulation (SIS) and uncertainty analysis. Three factors for ten PTEs were derived by three receptor models with a one-to-one correspondence between the factors. To obtain more appropriate results, the three receptor models were combined to calculate the ensemble-average source contributions. As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Ni were derived from a natural source with ensemble-average contributions higher than 85.72%. Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn were contributed by both parent material and anthropogenic influence. More than half of Hg concentrations were associated with atmospheric deposition caused by human emissions. The concentrations of 28.04% for Cd, 20.74% for Hg, 43.49% for Pb, and 23.71% for Zn were associated with human inputs including agriculture practice, industrial activities, and vehicle emissions. The maps of spatial distribution generated by the SIS indicated that parent materials controlled the spatial distributions of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. 27.1% and 32.1% of the total area for Cd and Hg were identified as hazardous areas exceeding 1.5 times background values of Shandong province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Shandong Geo-Environmental Monitoring Station, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jining Wang
- Shandong Geo-Environmental Monitoring Station, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jianshu Lv
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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156
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Jiang HH, Cai LM, Wen HH, Hu GC, Chen LG, Luo J. An integrated approach to quantifying ecological and human health risks from different sources of soil heavy metals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 701:134466. [PMID: 31704412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) in soil cause adverse effects on ecosystem and human health. Quantifying ecological risk and human health risk (HHR) from sources can determine priority sources and help to mitigate the risks. In this research, geostatistics and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were used to identify and quantify the sources of soil HMs; and then ecological risk and HHR from different sources under woodland, construction land and farmland were quantitatively calculated by combining the potential ecological risk index (RI) and HHR assessment models with PMF model. Taking Jiedong District as an example, four sources were quantitatively apportioned, which were agricultural practices (23.08%), industrial activities (29.10%), natural source (22.87%) and traffic emissions (24.95%). For ecological risk, industrial activities were the greatest contributor, accounting for about 49.71%, 48.11% and 47.15% under construction land, woodland and farmland, respectively. For non-carcinogenic risk, agricultural practices were the largest source under woodland and farmland, while industrial activities were the largest source under construction land. As for carcinogenic risk, no matter which kind of land use, agricultural practices were the largest source. In addition, the health risks of children, including non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, were higher than those of adults, and the trends in health risks for children and adults were similar. The integrated approach was useful to evaluate ecological risk and HHR quantification from sources under different land use, thereby providing valuable suggestions for reducing pollution and protecting human health from the sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources (Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430100, China; College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
| | - Li-Mei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources (Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430100, China; College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China; Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Han-Hui Wen
- No. 940 Branch of Geology Bureau for Nonferrous Metals of Guangdong Province, Qingyuan 511500, China
| | - Guo-Cheng Hu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Lai-Guo Chen
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources (Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430100, China; College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
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157
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Li F, Liu W, Lu Z, Mao L, Xiao Y. A multi-criteria evaluation system for arable land resource assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:79. [PMID: 31897735 PMCID: PMC6940353 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-8023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed a multi-criteria evaluation system for arable land resources by combining the soil integrated fertility index (IFI) with a soil cleanliness index (based on heavy metals and metalloid content). A total of 16 typical arable land units in Chongming District, China, were evaluated using the proposed evaluation system based on 104 collected soil samples in 16 towns. The comprehensive soil evaluation scores of arable lands in 16 towns were in the range of 90.7 to 99.2 with a mean of 96.2, indicating that the arable land in all 16 towns was at the level of excellent (≥ 90.0). Lower cleanliness indices had a significant impact on the final evaluation score. In comparison with single-index evaluation systems (i.e., the IFI or soil cleanliness index), the proposed multi-criteria system better reflects the quality of the soil. In the practice of arable land requisition and subsidy policy, the proposed multi-criteria evaluation system not only encourages farmers to preserve arable lands during farming but also helps agricultural authorities make effective and reliable management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feipeng Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhibo Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lingchen Mao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yihua Xiao
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China.
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158
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Geochemical Fractions of the Agricultural Soils of Southern Poland and the Assessment of the Potentially Harmful Element Mobility. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9110674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Surface samples (0–25 cm each) of agricultural soils were investigated in five Regions (voivodeships) of southern Poland. The mean Potentially Harmful Element (PHE) pseudototal content ranges were as follows (mg/kg): As 5.19–10.9, Cd 0.34–1.56, Co 1.92–6.70, Cr 9.05–25.7, Cu 8.74–69.4, Hg 0.001–0.08, Ni 3.93–19.9, Pb 20.3–183, Sb 0.80–1.42, Tl 0.04–0.17, and Zn 61.3–422. The PHE availability depended on pH, the organic carbon (Corg) content, and the pseudototal PHE content in soils. Exchangeable and acid soluble PHE contents (BCRF1) determined in the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) three-step sequential extraction procedure decreased in this order: Cd > Zn > Co > Ni = Sb > Cu > Tl > As > Cr = Pb. Actually available PHE contents in pore water (0.01 mol/dm3 CaCl2) ranged as follows: Cd 0.81–17%, Cr 0–0.25%, Cu 0.01–2.31%, Ni 0.16–2%, Pb 0.2–0.49%, and Zn 0.25–2.12%. The potential soluble total content of PHEs in pore water (0.05 mol/dm3 Na2EDTA) ranged as follows: Cd 27–91%, Cr 0.7–7.1%, Cu 6.7–98%, Ni 3.6–41%, Pb 15–41%, and Zn 3–34%. The mobility factor (MF) values indicated Cd (31.6%) and Zn (21.0%) as the most mobile elements in soil. Other PHEs followed the order of Co > Ni > Tl > As > Sb > Cu > Cr > Pb, with the MF values <10%. The risk assessment code (RAC) values revealed a very high ecological risk of Cd and Zn in the Podkarpackie Region and a high ecological risk of Cd in the Regions of Opolskie, Śląskie, Małopolskie, and Podkarpackie, and the same of Zn in the Opolskie and Śląskie. The modified risk assessment code (mRAC) index pointed a very high potential of adverse effects in soils in the Podkarpackie and a medium potential in the Opolskie, Śląskie, Małopolskie, and Świętokrzyskie. The potential adverse effect risk, described by the individual contamination factor (ICF) factor, was the following in the Regions, in the decreasing order: Cd > Pb > Sb > Zn > Co > Cu > Ni > Tl > As > Cr, and the same as described by the global contamination factor (GCF) values: Opolskie > Podkarpackie > Świętokrzyskie > Śląskie > Małopolskie.
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159
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Zhuo H, Fu S, Liu H, Song H, Ren L. Soil heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment associated with development zones in Shandong, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30016-30028. [PMID: 31414392 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in soils of development zones has attracted wide attention. In this study, soil heavy metal pollution levels and health risks in 15 selected development zones in Shandong Province were investigated for the first time. Geo-accumulation and potential ecological risk indexes were used to assess pollution levels, and health risk was assessed using the US Environmental Protection Agency model. The soil was contaminated by various heavy metals, among which Hg was dominant. A total of 19% of the monitoring sites showed moderate ecological risk level, and low risk level was observed in general. Pollution control of Hg and Cd in each development zone must be strengthened. Health risk analysis showed that noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risk levels for adults and children were acceptable or nearly acceptable. Positive matrix factorization model was used to identify three possible sources of heavy metal pollution, namely, industrial sources, atmospheric deposition, and transportation. Some specific measures should be taken to prioritize the control of Hg, As, and Cr for protecting the soil environment and human health, especially vulnerable groups, such as children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhuo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72# Binhai Road, Jimo, 266235, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanze Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72# Binhai Road, Jimo, 266235, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72# Binhai Road, Jimo, 266235, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72# Binhai Road, Jimo, 266235, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72# Binhai Road, Jimo, 266235, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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160
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Pan Y, Peng H, Xie S, Zeng M, Huang C. Eight Elements in Soils from a Typical Light Industrial City, China: Spatial Distribution, Ecological Assessment, and the Source Apportionment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142591. [PMID: 31330783 PMCID: PMC6678181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Contamination with the eight elements, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cd, is a serious concern in Zhongshan, which is a typical light industrial city, China. 60 surface soil samples were collected to investigate the concentrations, spatial distribution, human health risk, and sources of these elements in the soils in Zhongshan. The concentrations of the eight elements were analyzed while using ordinary kriging analysis, pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (RI), human health risk, correlation analysis, and factor analysis. The mean concentrations of the tested elements, excluding Pb and As, were higher than the soil background values in the Pearl River Delta. The spatial distribution of the tested elements revealed a zonal distribution pattern and high values in several areas. The mean PLI and RI indicated slight and moderate risk levels. Health risk assessment demonstrates that both children and adults were more exposed to Cu than to Cr, As, and Cd. However, the associated carcinogenic risk is acceptable. Hg that originated from human activities; As, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Cd originated from industrial activities; and, Pb and Zn originated from transportation activities. Cd was the main pollutant in the study area and it was present at higher concentrations when compared with those of the other elements. Therefore, Zhongshan should encourage enterprises to conduct industrial transformation to control the ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Pan
- Research Center of Spatial Planning and Human-Environment System Simulation, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Geography, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongxia Peng
- Research Center of Spatial Planning and Human-Environment System Simulation, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Department of Geography, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Shuyun Xie
- School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Wuhan Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Changsheng Huang
- Wuhan Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China
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Cai LM, Jiang HH, Luo J. Metals in soils from a typical rapidly developing county, Southern China: levels, distribution, and source apportionment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:19282-19293. [PMID: 31069653 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
A total of 321 surface soil samples were collected from Huilai County, Guangdong Province, Southern China. Concentrations of 12 metals (Cr, Hg, As, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cu, Zn, Sb, Sn, Ti, and V) were measured. The mean concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, Zn, Sn, and Ti were higher than their corresponding soil background values, especially for As, Cd, and Sn, which were 1.36, 2.50, and 2.77 times of the background values, respectively. And the results of enrichment factor and pollution load index suggested that soil metals in the study area were moderately contaminated, but pollution of As, Cd, and Sn was relatively serious. According to one-way analysis of variance, there were significant differences in concentrations of Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Sn between different land use types, indicating that they were associated with the anthropogenic inputs. The potential sources of metals were quantitatively apportioned by positive matrix factorization, and combined with correlation analysis and geostatistical. The results showed that Cr, Ni, Ti, and V mainly originated from natural sources. Lead, Zn, and partially, Cd mainly came from traffic emissions. Arsenic, Cu, and partially, Sb were ascribed to agricultural practices. Mercury, Sn, partially, Cd, and Sb were derived from industrial activities. Their corresponding contributions were 36.88%, 22.14%, 20.87%, and 20.11%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources (Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Hui-Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources (Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430100, China.
| | - Jie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources (Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430100, China
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Wang S, Cai LM, Wen HH, Luo J, Wang QS, Liu X. Spatial distribution and source apportionment of heavy metals in soil from a typical county-level city of Guangdong Province, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:92-101. [PMID: 30469072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The contents of ten heavy metals (Cr, Hg, As, Pb, Ni, Cd, Ti, Cu, Zn and V) in 413 topsoil samples from Puning City, Guangdong Province, China were investigated. Obvious enrichment of Hg, As, Pb, Cd and Zn were presented, and the contents of Hg and As in 5.8% and 3.4% samples respectively were higher than the guideline values recommended by the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils. Chromium and V were presented no enrichment and no pollution. According to one-way analysis of variance, the mean contents of Hg, Pb, Cu and Zn in land for construction were significantly higher than farmland and natural vegetation, but the land use had no obvious effect on other heavy metals. Furthermore, the potential sources of ten heavy metals were identified and apportioned in combination with geostatistics, correlation analysis and positive matrix factorization model. The results were following as: a) Pb, Zn and Cu mainly origin from vehicle emission and atmosphere deposition, and the hotspots approximately distributed in the areas of intensive traffic and near main roads; b) Hg and Cd were derived to industrial activities related to pharmaceutical industries, the textile and dyeing industries and e-waste recycling industries, and high-value areas were mainly concentrated in the northeast of the urban area where the industrial parks have been distributed; c) Soil parent material (Jurassic shale) was the main source of Cr, Ni, V and Ti; d) As mainly came from agricultural inputs such as pesticides or herbicides, livestock and fertilizers. Meanwhile, the contributions of four sources were 33.08%, 24.04%, 27.11% and 15.77% of the total contribution, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resources and Exploration Technologies, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China; College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China; Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Li-Mei Cai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resources and Exploration Technologies, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China; College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China; Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Han-Hui Wen
- No. 940 Branch of Geology Bureau for Nonferrous Metals of Guangdong Provinces, Qingyuan 511500, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resources and Exploration Technologies, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
| | - Qiu-Shuang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resources and Exploration Technologies, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
| | - Xie Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resources and Exploration Technologies, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
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