151
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Zhao S, Wang J, Feng S, Xiao Z, Chen C. Effects of ecohydrological interfaces on migrations and transformations of pollutants: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150140. [PMID: 34509841 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of society, the soil and water environments in many countries are suffering from severe pollution. Pollutants in different phases will eventually gather into the soil and water environments, and a series of migrations and transformations will take place at ecohydrological interfaces with water flow. However, it is still not clear how ecohydrological interfaces affect the migration and the transformation of pollutants. Therefore, this paper summarizes the physical, ecological, and biogeochemical characteristics of ecohydrological interfaces on the basis of introducing the development history of ecohydrology and the concept of ecohydrological interfaces. The effects of ecohydrological interfaces on the migration and transformation of heavy metals, organic pollutants, and carbon‑nitrogen‑phosphorus (C-N-P) pollutants are emphasized. Lastly, the prospects of applying ecohydrological interfaces for the removal of pollutants from the soil and water environment are put forward, including strengthening the ability to monitor and simulate ecohydrological systems at micro and macro scales, enhancing interdisciplinary research, and identifying main influencing factors that can provide theoretical basis and technical support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China; College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shijin Feng
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zailun Xiao
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
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152
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Cost Estimations of Water Pollution for the Adoption of Suitable Water Treatment Technology. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14020649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the cost implications of using suitable technologies and the cost of inaction when addressing water pollution. This was achieved by developing three main models for the costs (model one) and benefits (model two and model three). The first model accounts for the operational costs of adopting suitable technologies, namely the use of diatomaceous earth for textile wastewater treatment. The second model analyzed the cost of inaction through analyzing the cost of treatment for water pollution-related diseases for the affected population. The occurrence and cost of treatment for three diseases, namely diarrhea, amoebiasis and bacterial infection, were used as indicators of water pollution in the area. The third model included the contingent valuation method (CVM) data on the willingness to pay for environmental restoration of the surveyed population. The benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of the resulting data from the three models were used to highlight the economic viability of the proposed project. A BCR of (0.67) for the cost of the proposed project versus the benefits of the project on human health using data from one hospital was obtained. There is a high possibility that the real BCR would increase if more data from other hospitals or other diseases were included. The results imply that the use of D.E can be considered a good candidate for treating wastewater. To thoroughly discuss the BCR of treating wastewater from one factory, the BCR of the proposed restoration project along River Sosiani, and the value of using DE as suitable technology, more studies are needed to evaluate the unaccounted costs and benefits for accurate economic estimations of the proposed project. The outcome of the study is a framework of numbers and figures that can be presented to decision makers and policy makers as critical information when making decisions.
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153
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Rajendran S, Priya TAK, Khoo KS, Hoang TKA, Ng HS, Munawaroh HSH, Karaman C, Orooji Y, Show PL. A critical review on various remediation approaches for heavy metal contaminants removal from contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132369. [PMID: 34582930 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution remains a global environmental challenge that poses a significant threat to human life. Various methods have been explored to eliminate heavy metal pollutants from the environment. However, most methods are constrained by high expenses, processing duration, geological problems, and political issues. The immobilization of metals, phytoextraction, and biological methods have proven practical in treating metal contaminants from the soil. This review focuses on the general status of heavy metal contamination of soils, including the excessive heavy metal concentrations in crops. The assessment of the recent advanced technologies and future challenges were reviewed. Molecular and genetic mechanisms that allow microbes and plants to collect and tolerate heavy metals were elaborated. Tremendous efforts to remediate contaminated soils have generated several challenges, including the need for remediation methodologies, degrees of soil contamination, site conditions, widespread adoptions and various possibilities occurring at different stages of remediation are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile
| | - T A K Priya
- Department of Civil Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641027, India
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tuan K A Hoang
- Centre of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage, Hydro-Québec, 1806, boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Hui-Suan Ng
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh
- Study Program of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi 229, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia
| | - Ceren Karaman
- Akdeniz University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Electricity and Energy, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Yasin Orooji
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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154
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Liu T, Wu G. Does agricultural cooperative membership help reduce the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides? Evidence from rural China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:7972-7983. [PMID: 34480697 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides (CFPs) has negatively impacted the environment and human health. It is an urgent issue that should be addressed. In this study, we investigate whether agricultural cooperatives can serve as an institutional arrangement that helps reduce the consumption of CFPs, using the data of 2012 family farms from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China. Various approaches, including instrumental variable-based two-stage residual inclusion approach (2SRI), endogenous switching probit (ESP) model, and endogenous switching regression (ESR) model, are utilized to help address the endogeneity issues of the cooperative membership variable. The results show that agricultural cooperative membership significantly increases the probability of reducing fertilizers and pesticides of the family farms and improves net return per yuan CFPs. The further analysis shows that agricultural cooperative production services reduced the usage of fertilizers and pesticides, while cooperatives marketing services only significantly lowered the use of pesticides. Our findings highlight the importance of promoting the development of agricultural cooperatives to support green agricultural production in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongshan Liu
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China
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155
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de Mello Santos VH, Campos TLR, Espuny M, de Oliveira OJ. Towards a green industry through cleaner production development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:349-370. [PMID: 34674126 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The growth in global production and consumption rates has resulted in increased pollution generation by industrial companies. To this end, cleaner production is one of the most widely used strategies to reduce the environmental impacts of industry and gain competitive advantage. However, it is still adopted slowly in many places. Therefore, the objective of this study is to propose a framework composed of governmental, scientific, and industrial strategies, policies, initiatives, and research opportunities for the development of cleaner production. The best practices of the top countries in the cleaner production technical-scientific scenario and the main implementation challenges and opportunities for its scientific development were identified and were the reference for the framework proposals. In the government sector, the framework suggests actions to encourage the adoption of cleaner production practices through national policies, legislation, tax incentives, and educational campaigns. In the scientific sector, it suggested the development of studies about the factors that motivate its adoption, studies about clean technologies, and studies about the cleaner production implementation difficulties. In the industrial sector, it highlighted the importance of the engagement of upper management to focus on efforts to increase the efficiency of manufacturing processes with the adoption of clean technologies, management systems, strengthening of the research and development areas, and replacement of hazardous raw materials. Thus, this study contributes with initiatives that will help the implementation of cleaner production practices, reducing the generation of pollution in industry, increasing the efficiency of its processes, and aligning countries and societies to sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Homem de Mello Santos
- Mechanical Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering - Department of Industrial Engineering, São Paulo State University UNESP, Avenida Dr. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, Pedregulho, Guaratingueta, Sao Paulo, 12516410, Brazil.
| | - Thalita Laua Reis Campos
- Mechanical Engineering Postgraduate Program, School of Engineering - Department of Industrial Engineering, São Paulo State University UNESP, Avenida Dr. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, Pedregulho, Guaratingueta, Sao Paulo, 12516410, Brazil
| | - Maximilian Espuny
- Mechanical Engineering Postgraduate Program, School of Engineering - Department of Industrial Engineering, São Paulo State University UNESP, Avenida Dr. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, Pedregulho, Guaratingueta, Sao Paulo, 12516410, Brazil
| | - Otávio José de Oliveira
- Mechanical Engineering Postgraduate Program, School of Engineering - Department of Industrial Engineering, São Paulo State University UNESP, Avenida Dr. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, Pedregulho, Guaratingueta, Sao Paulo, 12516410, Brazil
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156
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Chen F, Zhu G, Wang C, Shang W, Yao B, Guo W, Xu X. Sand-ejecting fire extinguisher parameter sensitivity analysis based on experiments and CFD-DEM coupling simulations. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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157
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Khoshgou H, Neyshabouri SAAS. Using the backward probability method in contaminant source identification with a finite-duration source loading in a river. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:6306-6316. [PMID: 34448145 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Violation of industries in discharging their effluents into rivers leads to river pollution, which endangers the environment and human health. Appropriate tools are needed to deal with violations and protect rivers. The backward probability method (BPM) is one of the most recommended tools identifying the release time and location of the pollutant source. However, the BPM generally was developed for groundwater and spill injection. Since most industries inject their effluents with a constant rate for a finite duration, the use of prevailing models will have some errors. In this study, a numerical model was developed that could simulate a source with either a finite-duration or spill injection. This model is verified for two hypothetical cases and one real case. The results show that the model can accurately identify the release time and location of the pollutant source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Khoshgou
- Water Resource Engineering and Management, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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158
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Determination of the Connectedness of Land Use, Land Cover Change to Water Quality Status of a Shallow Lake: A Case of Lake Kyoga Basin, Uganda. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Catchments for aquatic ecosystems connect to the water quality of those waterbodies. Land use land cover change activities in the catchments, therefore, play a significant role in determining the water quality of the waterbodies. Research on the relationship between land use and land cover changes and water quality has gained global prominence. Therefore, this study aimed at determining land use, land cover changes in the catchments of L. Kyoga basin, and assessing their connectedness to the lake’s water quality. The GIS software was used to determine eight major land use and land cover changes for 2000, 2010, and 2020. Meanwhile, water quality data was obtained through both secondary and primary sources. Spearman correlation statistical tool in SPSS was used to correlate the land use, land cover changes, and water quality changes over the two-decade study period. The results showed that different land use and land cover activities strongly correlated with particular water quality parameters. For example, agriculture correlated strongly with nutrients like TP, TN, and nitrates and turbidity, TSS, BOD, and temp. The correlation with nitrates was statistically significant at 0.01 confidence limit. The findings of this study agreed with what other authors had found in different parts of the world. The results show that to manage the water quality of L. Kyoga, management of land use, land cover activities in the catchment should be prioritized. Therefore, the results are helpful to decision and policy makers and relevant stakeholders responsible for water management.
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159
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Xiao MZ, Sun Q, Hong S, Chen WJ, Pang B, Du ZY, Yang WB, Sun Z, Yuan TQ. Sweet sorghum for phytoremediation and bioethanol production. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-021-00074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAs an energy crop, sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) receives increasing attention for phytoremediation and biofuels production due to its good stress tolerance and high biomass with low input requirements. Sweet sorghum possesses wide adaptability, which also has high tolerances to poor soil conditions and drought. Its rapid growth with the large storage of fermentable saccharides in the stalks offers considerable scope for bioethanol production. Additionally, sweet sorghum has heavy metal tolerance and the ability to remove cadmium (Cd) in particular. Therefore, sweet sorghum has great potential to build a sustainable phytoremediation system for Cd-polluted soil remediation and simultaneous ethanol production. To implement this strategy, further efforts are in demand for sweet sorghum in terms of screening superior varieties, improving phytoremediation capacity, and efficient bioethanol production. In this review, current research advances of sweet sorghum including agronomic requirements, phytoremediation of Cd pollution, bioethanol production, and breeding are discussed. Furthermore, crucial problems for future utilization of sweet sorghum stalks after phytoremediation are combed.
Graphical Abstract
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160
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Li Q, Zhu K, Liu L, Sun X. Pollution-Induced Food Safety Problem in China: Trends and Policies. Front Nutr 2021; 8:703832. [PMID: 34859024 PMCID: PMC8631815 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.703832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on systematic literature study and policy document analysis, this paper investigates the environmental pollution-induced food safety problem in China, including the impact of environmental pollution on food safety and the policy response of Chinese government since 1970's. The results show that, to different degrees, food safety of China is affected by large but inefficient chemical fertilizer and pesticides residue (although the consumption began to decline after around 2015), cropland heavy metal pollution (especially cadmium), water pollution, and high ozone concentration. The evolution of pollution-induced food safety policies of China can be divided into four stages, i.e., preparation stage (1974–1994), construction stage (1995–2005), elaboration stage (2006–2013), and intensification stage (2014–). Through the four stages, the increasingly stringent policy system has been featured by “from supply-safety balance to safety first,” “from multi-agency management to integrated management,” and “from ex post supervision to ex ante risk control.” To further prevent pollution and control food quality, more collaborations between the agricultural and environmental agencies and more specific policies should be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Li
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunyang Zhu
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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161
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Yao Y, Li J, He C, Hu X, Yin L, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Huang H, Yang S, He H, Zhu F, Li S. Distribution Characteristics and Relevance of Heavy Metals in Soils and Colloids Around a Mining Area in Nanjing, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:996-1003. [PMID: 34374788 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils poses a direct threat to food safety and human health. It has been shown that the colloids is the carrier of heavy metal transport in the polluted soil by heavy metals, but the sources of heavy metals in the soil and colloids and their interrelations are not transparent at present. This study aims to investigate the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in agricultural soils near mining areas, and reveal the relevance of heavy metal content in colloids with total content in soils and their chemical species in soils. Results showed that the concentrations of Mn, Zn, and Pb in agricultural soils and colloids were higher than those of other heavy metals. The content of heavy metals in colloids was positively correlated with the total content of heavy metals in soil. Heavy metals in soil could be easily combined by humus-like substances and tryptophan-like protein in the colloids. The primary source of heavy metals in soil and colloids was mining activities. This study provides theoretical support for revealing the pollution characteristics and migration of heavy metals in agricultural soils and colloids around mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youru Yao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cheng He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Xin Hu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li Yin
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Heyong Huang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shaogui Yang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fengxiao Zhu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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162
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Bilal S, Shahzad R, Lee IJ. Synergistic interaction of fungal endophytes, Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 and Penicillium funiculosum LHL06, in alleviating multi-metal toxicity stress in Glycine max L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67429-67444. [PMID: 34254237 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal accumulation in crop grains due to hazardous metal contamination is considered a great concern. However, phytobeneficial fungi are reported to have important abilities for the biosafety of crops grown in contaminated soil. Therefore, the current study was undertaken to explore the mutualistic association of plant growth-promoting endophytic fungi in reducing heavy metal concentration in the seeds of soybean plants subsequently grown in contaminated soil, without comprising seed quality and biochemical profile. The results revealed that endophytic Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 and Penicillium funiculosum LHL06 synergistically produced higher amounts of GAs and IAA in a co-cultured medium. Moreover, the co-inoculation of LHL06 and LHL10 to soybean plants grown under multi-metal toxic conditions significantly mitigated the adverse effects of heavy metal toxicity and increased the seed production (number of pods per plants, number of seeds per pod, and 100 seed weight) of soybean plants grown under control and multi-metal toxic conditions. Moreover, the levels of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, and fructose), minerals (iron, calcium, magnesium, and potassium), amino acids (serine, glutamic acids, glycine, methionine, lysine, arginine, and proline), and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase) were significantly enhanced in sole and co-inoculated plants under control and stress conditions. Whereas organic acids (citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, and succinic acid), lipid peroxidation (MDA) products, multi-metal accumulation (nickel, cadmium, copper, lead, chromium, and aluminum), and stress-responsive endogenous abscisic acid levels were significantly decreased in seeds of soybean plants grown under control and multi-metal toxic conditions upon LHL06 and LHL10 sole and co-inoculation. The current results suggested the positive biochemical regulation in seeds for improving the nutritional status and making it safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Bilal
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Crop Physiology Laboratory, School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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163
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Chang X, Sun Y, Zhao L, Li X, Yang S, Weng L, Li Y. Exposure to fomesafen alters the gut microbiota and the physiology of the earthworm Pheretima guillelmi. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131290. [PMID: 34198065 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of herbicide fomesafen plays a crucial role in ensuring global soybean productivity in modern agriculture, but it results in both adverse effects on soil ecosystems and phytotoxicity to succeeding crops. Soil pollution due to herbicides has raised much concern worldwide. However, there has been little investigations concerning their effects on soil fauna, especially on the gut microbial communities of earthworms. In this study, the soil endogeic earthworm Pheretima guillelmi was incubated for 20 days in natural and fomesafen-polluted soils to investigate the effects of the herbicide on gut bacterial microbiota and the earthworm's physiological indices, including energy resource (protein) and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD) of earthworms in the soil ecosystem. A significantly different and smaller microbial community was presented in the earthworm's gut compared with the cast and the surrounding soil, with exposure to fomesafen further reducing the bacterial diversity and altering the gut community composition. This was observed as significant changes in the relative abundance of the phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria as well as the genera Bacillus, Microvirga, Blastococcus, Nocardioides, and Gaiella. Moreover, exposure to fomesafen reduced earthworms' energy resources and activated the antioxidant system, with both effects being significantly correlated with the gut microbial diversity. These findings unravel the fact that exposure to the herbicide fomesafen may affect non-target soil fauna via changes in their microbiota and physiological indices, thereby contributing new knowledge regarding the adverse impacts of fomesafen on the terrestrial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingping Chang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Lixia Zhao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Side Yang
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Liping Weng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China; Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yongtao Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China; College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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164
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Huang YY, Fei G, Yu SL, Liu YF, Fu HL, Liao Q, Huang BF, Liu XY, Xin JL, Shen C. Molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying boron-induced alleviation of cadmium toxicity in rice seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112776. [PMID: 34537586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Both cadmium (Cd) contamination and boron (B) deficiency in farmland soils pose a threat to the yield and quality of crops in Southern China. The present study investigated the mechanisms by which B reduces Cd accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings. Boron supplementation partially restored the decline in shoot and root biomass caused by Cd treatment (26% and 33%, respectively), with no significant difference between the B+Cd and control groups. We also found that B significantly reduced shoot and root Cd concentrations (by 64% and 25%, respectively) but increased Cd concentration (by 43%) and proportion (from 38% to 55%) in root cell walls. Transcriptome analysis and biochemical tests suggested that B supplementation enhanced lignin and pectin biosynthesis, pectin demethylation, and sulfur and glutathione metabolism. Moreover, B decreased the expression of some Cd-induced transporter-related genes (i.e., HMA2, Nramp1, and several ABC genes). These results indicate that B relieved Cd toxicity and reduced Cd accumulation in rice seedlings by restraining Cd uptake and translocation from root to shoot by improving Cd tolerance and chelation ability. These novel findings would benefit further investigations into how B influences Cd uptake, translocation, detoxification, and accumulation in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Huang
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Ge Fei
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Sha-Li Yu
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Yi-Fei Liu
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Hui-Ling Fu
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Qiong Liao
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Bai-Fei Huang
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Xue-Yang Liu
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Jun-Liang Xin
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China.
| | - Chuang Shen
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China.
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165
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Ho P, Rokpelnis K, Zhao H, Azadi H. Chinese consumers’ views of ethnic foods in relation to environment: Paradoxical perceptions versus ecological realities. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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166
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Yu D, Zhou J, Aikelamu A, Fan W, Zeng Y, Zhang J. Source analysis and health risk assessment of groundwater pollution based on multivariate statistical techniques in Kashgar Delta Area, Xinjiang, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:805. [PMID: 34779903 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 63 groundwater samples were collected in the Kashgar Delta Area in Xinjiang in 2016, and then, the samples were tested and the test results were analyzed. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to determine the sources of pollution, and the USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) model was used to assess the long-term health risk of groundwater to adults and children in the study area. The concentrations of groundwater chemical Na+, Cl-, SO42-, NH4+-N, TDS, F-, I-, As, Fe, Mn, Pb, Hg, pH, TH, and CODMn, which exceed the permissible level in the study based on groundwater quality index and possibly pose a potential threat to the health of the residents in the area, which are mainly influenced by geological conditions. The source of the pollutants is the dissolution of minerals in the aquifer medium, which is greatly affected by the high-salinity groundwater environment, pH conditions, redox conditions, and evaporation and concentration effect. The values of the noncarcinogenic health risk index HQn follow the descending order of Cl- > F- > As > Fe > Mn > Pb > Hg > NH4+-N; There are eight nonarcinogens and one carcinogen in groundwater of which Cl- is the dominant noncarcinogenic factor, while As is the main carcinogenic pollutant in the study area. The health risk ratio results show that Cl- and As are the main pollutants that pose the greatest threat to both adults' and children's health, and they should be considered as the primary indicators for health risk management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yu
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
- Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi, 830052, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi, 830052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geological Environment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Jinlong Zhou
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
- Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi, 830052, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Ailihamu Aikelamu
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
- Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi, 830052, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Wei Fan
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Yanyan Zeng
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
- Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi, 830052, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
- Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi, 830052, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi, 830052, China
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167
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Fan H, Tao S, Hashmi SH. Does the Construction of a Water Ecological Civilization City Improve Green Total Factor Productivity? Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211829. [PMID: 34831581 PMCID: PMC8623374 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Taking Water Ecological City Pilot (WECP) policy as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper adopts the PSM-DID method to investigate the impact of the WECP policy on the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of China’s prefecture-level cities. The results show that the implementation of the WECP policy significantly inhibits the improvement of GTFP. Furthermore, we find the implementation of the WECP policy has squeezed out government technological expenditures to some extent and aggravated the compliance cost of enterprises, which has not caused the “innovation compensation effect”, thus failing to improve GTFP. The heterogeneity analyses show that the policy effects vary with the imbalance of China’s regional development and resource endowments. Developed regions can better overcome the possible negative impact that comes with policy implementation. Governments need to formulate different policy strategies and plans from an overall macro perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhong Fan
- School of Economics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Shuang Tao
- School of Economics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
- Correspondence:
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168
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Yin X, Zhang Y, Xu X, Wang Y. Bilayer fiber membrane electrospun from MOF derived Co3S4 and PAN for solar steam generation induced sea water desalination. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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169
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Peake L, Robb C. Saving the ground beneath our feet: Establishing priorities and criteria for governing soil use and protection. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:201994. [PMID: 34853698 PMCID: PMC8613628 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The continual loss and impairment of soil ecosystem services (SES) across the globe calls for a fundamental reconsideration of soil governance mechanisms. This critical synthesis charts the history and evolution of national and international soil law and seeks to unravel certain challenges that have contributed to this failure in governance. It describes and categorizes law and policy responses to different soil threats, and identifies a worrying widespread absence of legislation for oversight and protection of agricultural soils from urbanization, as well as a lack of clear legal mechanisms to determine national priorities for soil protection. A reduction in the world's prime farmland threatens SES, including food security, carbon storage and biodiversity. Falling between the stalls of agricultural and environmental law, the fate of farmland is often left to planners who do not see themselves as responsible for soils. Consequently, legal instruments with the greatest power to affect soil, sometimes irreversibly, are often framed and worded with little or no reference to the soil. Nevertheless, emerging conceptual frameworks might offer positive outcomes. The authors advocate robust holistic policies of soil governance and land use planning that place SES and natural capital at the heart of decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Peake
- School of Environmental Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Cairo Robb
- Legal Research Fellow, Centre for International Sustainable Development Law
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170
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Naidu R, Biswas B, Willett IR, Cribb J, Kumar Singh B, Paul Nathanail C, Coulon F, Semple KT, Jones KC, Barclay A, Aitken RJ. Chemical pollution: A growing peril and potential catastrophic risk to humanity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106616. [PMID: 33989840 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic chemical pollution has the potential to pose one of the largest environmental threats to humanity, but global understanding of the issue remains fragmented. This article presents a comprehensive perspective of the threat of chemical pollution to humanity, emphasising male fertility, cognitive health and food security. There are serious gaps in our understanding of the scale of the threat and the risks posed by the dispersal, mixture and recombination of chemicals in the wider environment. Although some pollution control measures exist they are often not being adopted at the rate needed to avoid chronic and acute effects on human health now and in coming decades. There is an urgent need for enhanced global awareness and scientific scrutiny of the overall scale of risk posed by chemical usage, dispersal and disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Bhabananda Biswas
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Ian R Willett
- School of Agriculture & Food Systems, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Julian Cribb
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science (as an adjunct), Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - Brajesh Kumar Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia
| | | | - Frederic Coulon
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Kirk T Semple
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Barclay
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Robert John Aitken
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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171
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Sun W, Liu D, Zhang M. Application of electrode materials and catalysts in electrocatalytic treatment of dye wastewater. Front Chem Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-021-2108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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172
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Relating Land Use/Cover and Landscape Pattern to the Water Quality under the Simulation of SWAT in a Reservoir Basin, Southeast China. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131911067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between land use/cover pattern and water quality could provide guidelines for non-point source pollution and facilitate sustainable development. The previous studies mainly relate the land use/cover of the entire region to the water quality at the monitoring sites, but the water quality at monitoring sites did not totally reflect the water environment of the entire basin. In this study, the land use/cover was monitored on Google Earth Engine in Tang-Pu Reservoir basin, China. In order to reflect the water quality of the whole study area, the spatial distribution of the determinants for water quality there, i.e., the total nitrogen and total phosphorus (TN&TP), were simulated by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The redundancy analysis explored the correlations between land use/cover pattern and simulated TN&TP. The results showed that: (1) From 2009 to 2019, forest was the dominant land cover, and there was little land use/cover change. The landscape fragmentation increased, and the connectivity decreased. (2) About 25% TP concentrations and nearly all the TN concentrations at the monitoring points did not reach drinking water standard, which means nitrogen and phosphorus pollution were the most serious problems. The highest output per unit TN&TP simulated by SWAT were 44.50 kg/hm2 and 9.51 kg/hm2 and occurred in areas with highly fragile landscape patterns. (3) TN&TP correlated positively with cultivated and construction land but negatively with forest. The correlation between forest and TN&TP summited at 500–700-m buffer and construction land at 100-m buffer. As the buffer size increased, the correlation between the cultivated land, and the TN weakened, while the correlation with the TP increased. TN&TP correlated positively with the Shannon’s Diversity Index and negatively with the Contagion Index. This study provides a new perspective for exporting the impact of land use/cover pattern on water quality.
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173
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Xue R, Wang F, Ge Y, Ma Y, He X, Wang Z. Synthesis of CdS/g‐C
3
N
4
/Vermiculite Heterostructures with Enhanced Visible Photocatalytic Activity for Dye Degradation. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shihezi University Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 PR China
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan Carbon Neutralization and Environmental Catalytic Technology Laboratory Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 PR China
| | - Fangwai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shihezi University Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 PR China
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan Carbon Neutralization and Environmental Catalytic Technology Laboratory Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 PR China
| | - Yizhao Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shihezi University Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 PR China
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan Carbon Neutralization and Environmental Catalytic Technology Laboratory Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 PR China
| | - Yujie Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shihezi University Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 PR China
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan Carbon Neutralization and Environmental Catalytic Technology Laboratory Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 PR China
| | - Xiang He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shihezi University Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 PR China
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan Carbon Neutralization and Environmental Catalytic Technology Laboratory Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 PR China
| | - Zijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 PR China
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan Carbon Neutralization and Environmental Catalytic Technology Laboratory Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 PR China
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174
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Wang J, Xia T, Lan Z, Liu G, Hou S, Hou S. Facile synthesis of an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active imidazoles for sensitive detection of trifluralin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 259:119880. [PMID: 33965889 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel imidazoles fluorescent probe (2) was synthesized from vanillin, o-phenylenediamine, and N,N-diphenylcarbamyl chloride. Its structure was characterized by fluorescence spectra, UV-Vis spectra, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Moreover, its aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature was investigated in THF/MeOH solution. Furthermore, the fluorescence quenching experimental results suggest that compound 2 is the potential fluorescent probe of small organic molecules showing high selectivity and sensitivity for nitroaromatic compounds. In addition, the probe could be applied in the determination of trifluralin with fast response and stability. The fluorescence response of the probe exhibited a good linear correlation with the concentration of trifluralin ranging from 10 to 100 μM, and the limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 5.066 μM. Finally, the probe was successfully utilized to determine the amount of trifluralin in real samples, and the recoveries were 91.1% to 111.2%, indicating the applicability and reliability of the probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi 541006, PR China
| | - Tianzi Xia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi 541006, PR China
| | - Zhenni Lan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi 541006, PR China
| | - Guangyan Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi 541006, PR China
| | - Shili Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi 541006, PR China.
| | - Shifeng Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi 541006, PR China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China.
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175
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Hussain R, Khattak SA, Ali L, Sattar S, Zeb M, Hussain ML. Impacts of the linear flowing industrial wastewater on the groundwater quality and human health in Swabi, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:56741-56757. [PMID: 34061270 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to probe the extent and mobility of contamination in wastewater and its impact on groundwater and human health in the Swabi region in Pakistan. Representative samples (n = 86) were collected from both wastewater streams and groundwater in an analogous environmental setting. The result showed that pH, color, hardness, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand, chloride, suspended solids, total dissolved solids, Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, Ca, and K in industrial wastewater were higher than the Pak-EPA (Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency) and the United State Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) devised standards. In groundwater, the concentration (μg L-1) of trace elements, namely, Cd (1.16), Pb (17.4), Fe (12426), Mn (320), Mg (129784), Na (33630), Ca (177944), and K (9558) was significantly higher than the WHO (World Health Organization) acceptable level, showing decreasing tendency with increasing distance from the industrial zone. The study perceived that wastewater caused permanent hardness, while groundwater hardness was decreased from permanent to temporary at a distance from industries. Integrated health risk assessment revealed that Cu, Zn, and Co may cause low risk, Na, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Cr cause medium risk, whereas Cd, Fe, Mg, Ca, and K may cause a high health risk. Moreover, the average daily intake of Fe, Mn, Mg, Na, Ca, and K was comparably higher than Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Co in both adults and children. The mode of occurrence of contaminants in groundwater was due to the leaching of contaminated wastewater and the oxidation of metals. Furthermore, carbonates, chloride, and SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) precipitation have a key role in groundwater contamination and influencing the natural water quality. The study concluded that the health problems in the surrounding areas were due to the use of contaminated water for drinking and household purpose. The study suggests filtering the drinking water and treating the wastewater before releasing it into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahib Hussain
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Seema Anjum Khattak
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shehla Sattar
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23561, Pakistan
| | - Madeeha Zeb
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Mian Luqman Hussain
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
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176
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Jiang S, Wang F, Li Q, Sun H, Wang H, Yao Z. Environment and food safety: a novel integrative review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:54511-54530. [PMID: 34431060 PMCID: PMC8384557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Environment protection and food safety are two critical issues in the world. In this review, a novel approach which integrates statistical study and subjective discussion was adopted to review recent advances on environment and food safety. Firstly, a scientometric-based statistical study was conducted based on 4904 publications collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database. It was found that the research on environment and food safety was growing steadily from 2001 to 2020. Interestingly, the statistical analysis of most-cited papers, titles, abstracts, keywords, and research areas revealed that the research on environment and food safety was diverse and multidisciplinary. In addition to the scientometric study, strategies to protect environment and ensure food safety were critically discussed, followed by a discussion on the emerging research topics, including emerging contaminates (e.g., microplastics), rapid detection of contaminants (e.g., biosensors), and environment friendly food packaging materials (e.g., biodegradable polymers). Finally, current challenges and future research directions were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanxue Jiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qirun Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Haishu Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huijiao Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhiliang Yao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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177
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Toward Cleaner Production: Can Mobile Phone Technology Help Reduce Inorganic Fertilizer Application? Evidence Using a National Level Dataset. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing agricultural production and optimizing inorganic fertilizer (IF) use are imperative for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Mobile phone usage (MPU) has the potential to reduce IF application while ensuring environmental and agricultural sustainability goals. The main objectives of this study were to assess MPU, mobile phone promotion policy, and whether the mediation role of human capital can help reduce IF use. This study used baseline regression analysis and propensity score matching, difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) to assess the impact of MPU on IF usage. However, the two-stage instrumental variables method (IVM) was used to study the effects of mobile phone promotion policy on IF usage. This study used a national dataset from 7987 rural households in Afghanistan to investigate the impacts of MPU and associated promotion policies on IF application. The baseline regression outcomes showed that the MPU significantly reduced IF usage. The evaluation mechanism revealed that mobile phones help reduce IF application by improving the human capital of farmers. Besides, evidence from the DID technique showed that mobile phone promotion policies lowered IF application. These results remained robust after applying the PSM-DID method and two-stage IVM to control endogenous decisions of rural households. This study results imply that enhancing the accessibility of wideband in remote areas, promoting MPU, and increasing investment in information communication technologies (ICTs) infrastructure can help decrease the IF application in agriculture. Thus, the government should invest in remote areas to facilitate access to ICTs, such as having a telephone and access to a cellular and internet network to provide an environment and facility to apply IF effectively. Further, particular policy support must focus on how vulnerable populations access the internet and mobile phone technologies.
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178
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Interfacial Engineering of Attractive Pickering Emulsion Gel-Templated Porous Materials for Enhanced Solar Vapor Generation. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14196077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Solar vapor generation is emerging as one of the most important sustainable techniques for harvesting clean water using abundant and green solar energy. The rational design of solar evaporators to realize high solar evaporation performances has become a great challenge. Here, a porous solar evaporator with integrative optimization of photothermal convention, water transport and thermal management is developed using attractive Pickering emulsions gels (APEG) as templated and followed by interfacial engineering on a molecular scale. The APEG-templated porous evaporators (APEG-TPEs) are intrinsically thermal insulation materials with a thermal conductivity = 0.039 W·m−1·K−1. After hydrolysis, t-butyl groups on the inner-surface are transformed to carboxylic acid groups, making the inner-surface hydrophilic and facilitating water transport through the inter-connected pores. The introduction of polypyrrole layer endows the porous materials with a high light absorption of ~97%, which could effectively convert solar irradiation to heat. Due to the versatility of the APEG systems, the composition, compressive modulus, porosity of APEG-TPEs could be well controlled and a high solar evaporation efficiency of 69% with an evaporation rate of 1.1 kg·m−2·h−1 is achieved under simulated solar irradiation. The interface-engineered APEG-TPEs are promising in clean water harvesting and could inspire the future development of solar evaporators.
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179
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Human exposome and biomarker database for soil pollutants at typical sites of industrial contamination. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1705-1708. [PMID: 36654374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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180
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Zhang Z, Yu J, Xie J, Liu D, Fan Y, Ma H, Wang C, Hong Z. Improvement roles of zinc supplementation in low dose lead induced testicular damage and glycolytic inhibition in mice. Toxicology 2021; 462:152933. [PMID: 34508822 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a toxic metal that affects the male reproductive system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of zinc (Zn) intake between recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) and tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) in preventing male testis damage induced by low-dose Pb. Forty-five mice were randomly divided into control, Pb, and Pb + Zn groups. They were given distilled water ad libitum with 0, 200 mg/L Pb2+, or 15 mg/L Zn2+ mixed with 200 mg/L Pb2+ for 90 consecutive days. The Zn levels in the blood and testis of the Pb group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The Pb levels in the blood and testis of the Pb + Zn group were significantly lower than those of the Pb group. Additionally, a significant decrease in sperm density and viability, with a significant increase in sperm abnormality rate and DNA fragmentation index, was observed in the Pb group. Zn supplementation significantly improved the above sperm parameters. Moreover, Zn supplementation decreased low-dose Pb-induced lipid peroxidation and increased glutathione, total superoxide dismutase (SOD), and copper/Zn-SOD levels. Furthermore, Zn treatment improved glycolysis products and lactate transporters in Pb-treated mouse testes. Our findings suggest that Zn intake between RDAs and UL can act as a therapeutic agent in protecting against the reproductive impairments associated with Pb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Duanya Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Fan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
| | - Zhidan Hong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
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181
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Li C, Zhao X, Gu X, Chen Y, Yu G. The Preventive Role of Hydrogen-Rich Water in Thioacetamide-Induced Cholangiofibrosis in Rat Assessed by Automated Histological Classification. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:632045. [PMID: 34489690 PMCID: PMC8417776 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.632045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cholangiofibrosis is a controversial intrahepatic cholangial lesion that precedes the development of cholangiocarcinoma. Here, we demonstrate that molecular hydrogen (H2) can be used to effectively prevent cholangiofibrosis. Methods: The safety and quality of life (QOL) of rats was firstly evaluated. H2 was administered to rats subjected to thioacetamide (TAA)-induced cholangiofibrosis throughout the whole process. Then, rats were administrated with TAA for 3 months and then followed by H2 intervention. Rat livers were harvested and assessed by light microscopy and convolutional neural network. RNA-seq was performed to analyze the genetic changes in these animal models. Results: Continuous use of H2-rich water was safe and improved QOL.The incidence and average number of cholangiofibrosis in the liver were higher in the TAA group (100%, 12.0 ± 10.07) than that in the H2 group (57.1%, 2.86 ± 5.43). The AI algorithm revealed higher Alesion/Aliver in the TAA group (19.6% ± 9.01) than that in the H2 group (7.54% ± 11.0). RNA-seq analysis revealed that H2 results in a decline in glycolysis. Moreover, in the third experiment, the incidence of microscopic or suspicious tumors and the ratio of liver lesions was decreased after long-term use of H2 (12.5%, 0.57% ± 0.45) compared with untreated group (100%, 0.98% ± 0.73). A number of intestinal microbiota was changed after H2 usage, including clostridiaceae_1, ruminococcus, turicibacter, coriobacteriales, actinobacteria, and firmicutes_bacterium. Conclusion: Hydrogen-rich water protects against liver injury and cholangiofibrosis and improved quality of life partially through regulating the composition of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofu Li
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Gu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanzhen Yu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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182
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He Y, Wang L, Chen Z, Shen B, Wei J, Zeng P, Wen X. Catalytic ozonation for metoprolol and ibuprofen removal over different MnO 2 nanocrystals: Efficiency, transformation and mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147328. [PMID: 33940402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Manganese dioxide has been widely recognized as catalyst in catalytic ozonation for organic pollutants removal from wastewater in recent decades. However, few studies focus on the structure-activity relationship of MnO2 and catalytic ozonation mechanism in water. In the present study, the oxidative reactivity of three different crystal phases of MnO2 corresponding to α-MnO2, β-MnO2 and γ-MnO2 towards metoprolol (MET) and ibuprofen (IBU) were evaluated. α-MnO2 was found to contain the most abundant oxygen vacancy and readily reducible surface adsorbed oxygen (O2-, O-, OH-), which facilitated an increase of ozone utilization and the highest catalytic performance with 99% degradation efficiency for IBU and MET. α-MnO2 was then selected to investigate the optimum key operating parameters with a result of catalyst dosage 0.1 g/L, ozone dosage 1 mg/min and an initial pH 7. The introduction of α-MnO2 promoted reactive oxygen species (O2-, O-, OH-) generation which played significant roles in IBU degradation. Probable degradation pathways of MET and IBU were proposed according to the organic intermediates identified and the reaction sites based on density function theory (DFT) calculations. The present study deepened our understanding on the MnO2 catalyzed ozonation and provided reference to enhance the process efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liangjie Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Shen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinshan Wei
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xianghua Wen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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183
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Osman HEM, Abdel-Hamed EMW, Al-Juhani WSM, Al-Maroai YAO, El-Morsy MHEM. Bioaccumulation and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in food crops irrigated with freshwater and treated wastewater: a case study in Southern Cairo, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:50217-50229. [PMID: 33948848 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Food safety has often attracted attention worldwide. Few studies have investigated the heavy metal (HM) pollution and health risk assessment of crops and vegetables. The current work was conducted to evaluate the human risk assessment of HM (Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn) in radish, lettuce, tomato, onion, turnip, squash, okra, sunflower, Jews mallow, and garden rocket cultivated in treated wastewater (TWW)-irrigated sites as compared with those cultivated in freshwater (FW)-irrigated sites. Irrigation water, soil, and different plants were collected from 6 farmlands irrigated with TWW and two agricultural sites irrigated with FW (Nile river). Heavy metal transfer factor (HMTF), chronic daily intake of metals (CDIM), health hazard risk (HR), and health hazard index (HI) were estimated. The results showed that the tested HM levels in FW and TWW were below the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and Egyptian standards recommended for irrigation. In soil samples, HM levels were below the permissible limits for both tested sites. The HM in soil and plants grew in TWW-irrigated sites possessed multiple levels higher than those grown in FW-irrigated sites. Among different plants, HM levels in the edible parts of plants grown in TWW-irrigated sites followed in decreasing order: tomato > sunflower >Jew's mallow = turnip = squash > lettuce > okra = radish > onion > garden rocket. The mean CDIM and HR values of plants irrigated using TWW were higher than those irrigated using FW. Furthermore, HR values for all plants grown in polluted and unpolluted sites were < 1 except Cd in plants grown in the TWW-irrigated farmlands. The mean HI for radish, lettuce, tomato, onion, turnip, squash, okra, sunflower, Jews mallow, and garden rocket grown in TWW-irrigated sites were 2.08, 2.39, 1.76, 1.53, 2.08, 1.80, 2.03, 1.91, 1.82, and 1.44 (for adult), and 2.39, 2.75, 2.71, 1.75, 2.38, 2.06, 2.33, 2.69, 2.10, and 1.65 (for children). Plants irrigated with TWW showed a higher HMTF than plants irrigated with FW. Jew's mallow and okra irrigated with TWW had a maximum HMTF. Consequently, different practical measures can be taken to minimize the HM levels in agricultural foodstuffs. These measures include preventing the excessive application of pesticides and fertilizers for crop production and continuous monitoring of different foodstuffs in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Widad Saleem Mubarak Al-Juhani
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Centre, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Ayesh Omer Al-Maroai
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Centre, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Helmy El-Metwally El-Morsy
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Mukarramah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Ecology and Range Management Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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184
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Cai Y, Wang X, Beesley L, Zhang Z, Zhi S, Ding Y. Cadmium uptake reduction in paddy rice with a combination of water management, soil application of calcium magnesium phosphate and foliar spraying of Si/Se. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:50378-50387. [PMID: 33956320 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A field experiment with 24 different treatments was carried out to study the effects of a combination of water management (WM), soil application of calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP), and foliar spraying of Si/Se on Cd uptake by paddy rice (Teyou 524). The water management modes included W1 (conventional water management) and W2 (flooding during the whole growth period). The application of CMP included P1 (1800 kg·hm-2) and P2 (3000 kg·hm-2). The leaf spraying regulations included LS (2.0 mmol·L-1 Na2SiO3), LX (25 μmol·L-1 Na2SeO3), and LSX (1.0 mmol·L-1 Na2SiO3 and 12.5 μmol·L-1 Na2SeO3). The results indicated that, compared to the control (W1), flooding and CMP reduced soil exchangeable Cd by 10.3, 21.5, 32.2, 27.6 and 36.9% under conditions of W2, P1, P2, W2P1 and W2P2, respectively; but the grain yield was reduced under W2 condition. Some individual treatments, including W2, P1, P2, LS, LX, and LSX, could reduce Cd concentration in the grain by 23.1-60.3%; but the combined regulations could reduce grain Cd concentrations up to 79.5%. Only the combined mode of CMP and leaf spraying of Si/Se could control grain Cd concentration below the Chinese National Food Safety Standard (0.2 mg·kg-1). Combined modes of fertilizer application (W2 and CMP) and foliar spraying (Si/Se), including W2P2LS, W2P2LX, W2P2LSX, were the most effective in reducing the Cd transport coefficients of both root-to-straw (RS) and straw-to-seed (SS). Considering Cd concentration in grain, treatments W2P2LS and W2P2LSX were the most effective ones, which could reduce Cd concentrations to 0.090 mg·kg-1 and 0.089 mg·kg-1 in grain, respectively. These results demonstrated that combined manipulation of the root zone (W2 and CMP) and foliar spraying (Si/Se) can effectively reduce grain Cd concentrations in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Cai
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Luke Beesley
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Zulin Zhang
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Suli Zhi
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Yongzhen Ding
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China.
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185
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Cheng Y, Nathanail CP. Regional human health risk assessment of cadmium and hexachlorocyclohexane for agricultural land in China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:3715-3732. [PMID: 33687605 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Widespread pollution of agricultural soil is posing great risks to food safety and human health. The absence of human health-based Generic Assessment Criteria (GAC) for agricultural land means Chinese farmers struggle to manage these risks efficiently and effectively. Cadmium (Cd) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), two of the most concerned contaminants, demonstrate threshold toxicity meaning that background exposure (MDIoral) is considered when deriving soil Generic Assessment Criteria (GAC). The CLEA (Contaminated Land Exposure Assessment) model was used to derive GAC for Cd and HCH that reflect differences in diet and soil characteristics across 19 provinces/cities. For both cadmium and alpha-HCH, Sichuan had the lowest GAC of 0.379 mg kg-1 and 0.0136 mg kg-1, respectively, resulting from its significant high MDIoral values, which are approximately six to nine times larger than the average MDIoral for all the 19 provinces/cities. Jiangxi province had the highest GAC of 1.230 mg kg-1 and 0.0866 mg kg-1, respectively, for cadmium and alpha-HCH, caused by its notable low MDIoral values and low vegetable consumption rate. Human health risk assessment based on regional GAC for Cd revealed that agricultural land with very high to high risks is located in southern China, while very low-risk land is located in northern China. For HCH, alpha- and gamma-HCH pose negligible health risks, but beta-HCH poses some health risk in some of the provinces/cities. When applying the regional GAC for beta-HCH, agricultural land in Beijing and Sichuan posed the highest risk, and those in Heilongjiang and Jiangxi had the lowest risk. This reflects the significant influence of background and vegetable consumption pathway on the GAC. Regional GACs could simplify and speed up risk assessment of agricultural land in different regions of China, by avoiding the need to calculate site-specific assessment criteria, thus saving time and money by avoiding over or under remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
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186
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Mustafa GR, Zhao K, He X, Chen S, Liu S, Mustafa A, He L, Yang Y, Yu X, Penttinen P, Ao X, Liu A, Shabbir MZ, Xu X, Zou L. Heavy Metal Resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium and Its Association With Disinfectant and Antibiotic Resistance. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:702725. [PMID: 34421860 PMCID: PMC8371916 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.702725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals are widely used in animal feed for their growth-stimulating and antimicrobial effects, yet their use may potentially promote the proliferation of antibiotic resistance through co-selection. We studied the prevalence and associations of metal, antibiotic, and disinfectant resistances of 300 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from pig meat, pig manure, chicken meat, poultry manure, and human stool from Sichuan, China. Seventy four percent of the 300 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were considered resistant to Cu, almost 50% to Zn and Cr, over 25% to Mn and Cd, and almost 10% to Co. Most of the isolates carried at least one heavy metal resistance gene (HMRG). The Cr-Zn-Cd-resistance gene czcD was carried by 254 isolates and the Cu-resistance genes pcoR and pcoC by 196 and 179 isolates, respectively. Most of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and almost 80% were multidrug-resistant. The prevalence of resistance to six antibiotics was higher among the pig meat and manure isolates than among other isolates, and that of streptomycin and ampicillin were highest among the pig meat isolates and that of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin among the pig manure isolates. From 55 to 79% of the isolates were considered resistant to disinfectants triclosan, trichloroisocyanuric acid, or benzalkonium chloride. The metal resistances and HMRGs were associated with resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants. Especially, Cu-resistance genes were associated with resistance to several antibiotics and disinfectants. The transfer of the Cr-Zn-Cd-resistance gene czcD, Cu-resistance gene pcoC, and Co-Ni-resistance gene cnrA into Escherichia coli and the increased Cu-resistance of the transconjugants implied that the resistance genes were located on conjugative plasmids. Thus, the excessive use of metals and disinfectants as feed additives and in animal care may have the potential to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection and maintain and promote antibiotic resistance even in the absence of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping He
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujuan Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Shuliang Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Ahsan Mustafa
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li He
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yong Yang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Petri Penttinen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Ao
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Aiping Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | | | - Xuebin Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Likou Zou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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187
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Land-Use Change and Health Risks in the Process of Urbanization: A Spatiotemporal Interpretation of a Typical Case in Changzhou, China. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10080820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
China has undergone rapid urban expansion in recent decades. At the same time, environmental pollution and its risk to public health have increased. However, the relationship between urban land-use changes and health is ambiguous and insufficiently understood. Based on a typical city-scale case—namely, Changzhou, China—this research aimed to interpret the evolution of health risks alongside land-use change during the process of urbanization. We gathered data from multiple sources, including population mortality data, socioeconomic data, remote-sensing images, data for the points of interest of enterprises, and relevant information on environmental health events and cancers. The results showed that Changzhou’s urbanization was typical insofar as it was characterized by massive growth in industry, a rapid increase in the urban population, and urban land expansion. Health risks related to environmental pollution increased considerably with urban land expansion over time, and they increased with proximity to the pollution. The results from a generalized linear model confirmed that Changzhou’s urbanization triggered increasing health risks. Our study interpreted the relationship between urban land expansion and health risks from a spatiotemporal perspective. It can be used as a reference for urban planning and policymaking with regard to urban environmental health.
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188
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Li Z, Ji X, Xie H, Tang BZ. Aggregation-Induced Emission-Active Gels: Fabrications, Functions, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100021. [PMID: 34216407 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromophores that exhibit aggregation-induced emission (i.e., aggregation-induced emission luminogens [AIEgens]) emit intense fluorescence in their aggregated states, but show negligible emission as discrete molecular species in solution due to the changes in restriction and freedom of intramolecular motions. As solvent-swollen quasi-solids with both a compact phase and a free space, gels enable manipulation of intramolecular motions. Thus, AIE-active gels have attracted significant interest owing to their various distinctive properties and promising application potential. Herein, a comprehensive overview of AIE-active gels is provided. The fabrication strategies employed are detailed, and the applications of AIEgens are summarized. In addition, the gel functions arising from the AIE moieties are revealed, along with their structure-property relationships. Furthermore, the applications of AIE-active gels in diverse areas are illustrated. Finally, ongoing challenges and potential means to address them are discussed, along with future perspectives on AIE-active gels, with the overall aim of inspiring research on novel materials and ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaofan Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huilin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institutes, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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189
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Li C, Shi Y, Khan SU, Zhao M. Research on the impact of agricultural green production on farmers' technical efficiency: evidence from China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:38535-38551. [PMID: 33735411 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural green production (AGP) and efficiency improvement of smallholders' management are the objective requirements for the development of China's modernized agriculture and the understanding of the rural vitalization strategy. Based on field survey data of 582 rice farmers in Shaanxi Province, this study used the Logit model to analyze the determinants of smallholders' adoption of agricultural green production technology (AGPT) and used the propensity score matching (PSM) method to measure the effect of AGPT on the technical efficiency (TE) of rice production and the heterogeneity of this influence among smallholders. Results showed that the AGPT adoption rate and the mean of rice production TE were 15.1% and 0.312, both had a lot of room for improvement. Furthermore, it was found that household's characteristics, family characteristics, agricultural management characteristics, social characteristics, and cognitive characteristics significantly affect smallholders' AGPT adoption, and the AGPT adoption significantly increased the TE of rice production by 18.8 to 24.5%. Besides, farmers with older age, less education, more specialized planting, more fragmented land, and more off-farm employment adopting AGPT could significantly improve the TE; the increase proportion was 29.8%, 29.5%, 21.3%, 27.2%, and 16.8%. The study also showed that the AGPT could not significantly increase the rice output value of smallholders. In addition, considering the endogeneity problem caused by sample selection bias, the study re-estimated using the endogenous transformation regression (ESR) model which showed that the promotion of AGPT to TE was still robust. The study puts forward policy recommendations on how to further promote the adoption of AGPT and improve the TE by farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqiong Li
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yuxing Shi
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Sufyan Ullah Khan
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Minjuan Zhao
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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190
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Liu Y, Du J, Wang Y, Cui X, Dong J, Hao Y, Xue K, Duan H, Xia A, Hu Y, Dong Z, Wu B, Zhao X, Fu B. Evenness is important in assessing progress towards sustainable development goals. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwaa238. [PMID: 34691707 PMCID: PMC8363329 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable development goals (SDGs) emphasize a holistic achievement instead of cherry-picking a few. However, no assessment has quantitatively considered the evenness among all 17 goals. Here, we propose a systematic method, which first integrates both the evenness and the overall status of all goals, to distinguish the ideal development pathways from the uneven ones and then revisit the development trajectory in China from 2000 to 2015. Our results suggest that, despite the remarkable progress, a bottleneck has occurred in China since 2013 due to the stagnant developments in some SDGs. However, many far-reaching policies in China have been targeting these deficiencies since then, providing a perspective on how a country approaches sustainable development by promoting evenness among all SDGs. Our results also indicate that regions with the slowest progress are the developed provinces, owing to the persistent uneven status of all goals. Our study demonstrates the importance of adopting evenness in assessing and guiding sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianqing Du
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyong Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jichang Dong
- School of Economics & Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanbin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Xue
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongbo Duan
- School of Economics & Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Anquan Xia
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Hu
- School of Economics & Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bingfang Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinquan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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191
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Faizan M, Rajput VD, Al-Khuraif AA, Arshad M, Minkina T, Sushkova S, Yu F. Effect of Foliar Fertigation of Chitosan Nanoparticles on Cadmium Accumulation and Toxicity in Solanum lycopersicum. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070666. [PMID: 34356521 PMCID: PMC8301443 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The experiment conducted on Solanum lycopersicum provided an insight about Cd uptake, and the way a Solanum lycopersicum changes its physiological, biochemical and morphological responses when CTS-NPs are administered against Cd. As an effective important polymer, CTS-NPs enhanced the plant biomass, SPAD index, photosynthetic rate, and protein content in the Solanum lycopersicum plants grown in Cd stress, as a study herein. Addition of CTS-NPs reduced Cd accumulation by increasing the nutrient uptake. Furthermore, CTS-NPs treatment enhances tolerance to Cd stress through hampering ROS production accompanied by H2O2 activity, through reducing the peroxidation of lipids by minimizing MDA content, and through improving enzymatic (CAT, POX, SOD), non-enzymatic (GSH and AsA), and osmoprotectants (proline) antioxidant contents that are considered as a first line of defense to protect plants from stress. Abstract Cadmium (Cd) stress is increasing at a high pace and is polluting the agricultural land. As a result, it affects animals and the human population via entering into the food chain. The aim of this work is to evaluate the possibility of amelioration of Cd stress through chitosan nanoparticles (CTS-NPs). After 15 days of sowing (DAS), Solanum lycopersicum seedlings were transplanted into maintained pots (20 in number). Cadmium (0.8 mM) was providing in the soil as CdCl2·2.5H2O at the time of transplanting; however, CTS-NPs (100 µg/mL) were given through foliar spray at 25 DAS. Data procured from the present experiment suggests that Cd toxicity considerably reduces the plant morphology, chlorophyll fluorescence, in addition to photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant enzyme activity and protein content. However, foliar application of CTS-NPs was effective in increasing the shoot dry weight (38%), net photosynthetic rate (45%) and SPAD index (40%), while a decrease in malondialdehyde (24%) and hydrogen peroxide (20%) was observed at the 30 DAS stage as compared to control plants. On behalf of the current results, it is demonstrated that foliar treatment of CTS-NPs might be an efficient approach to ameliorate the toxic effects of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faizan
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (V.D.R.); (F.Y.)
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (V.D.R.); (F.Y.)
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Al-Khuraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-K.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Arshad
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-K.); (M.A.)
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Fangyuan Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (V.D.R.); (F.Y.)
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192
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Calculation of Ecological Compensation Standards for Arable Land Based on the Value Flow of Support Services. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10070719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Food production is the basis for ensuring human survival. Ecological compensation for arable land is important to ensure the sustainable use of arable land and food production. However, how is it possible to set the standard of ecological compensation and how to achieve it scientifically? In this paper, we take China as the study area and link the ecological compensation of arable land with the production, circulation and consumption of three staple foods. The amount of food is converted into the area of arable land needed to produce that food. After calculating the value of ecosystem services that support food production on arable land, the ecological compensation standard is obtained, and the realization mode between regions is constructed. The results show that: (1) the flow of staple foods in China is mainly from north to south and the value of arable land support services provided by northern provinces is greater than that of southern provinces; (2) the province that needs to pay the most ecological compensation for cultivated land is Guangdong Province, with an amount of ¥16.082 billion RMB, and the province that receives the most compensation is Heilongjiang Province, with an amount of ¥21.547 billion RMB; (3) in order to coordinate the collection and distribution of ecological compensation in each province, it is necessary to establish an ecological compensation fund for arable land in the central government. Protecting the ecological status of arable land and ensuring sustainable food production is in the overall interest of the country.
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193
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Xian H, Tang M, Chen Y, Lian Z, Li Y, Peng X, Hu D. Indigenous Fish-Based Assessment of Genotoxic Potentials of the Helong Reservoir in Guangzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1919-1927. [PMID: 33760286 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the genotoxic potential of water from the Helong Reservoir, which was designated as a strategic drinking water source by the Guangdong Provincial Government of China in October 2016. Four kinds of common indigenous fish samples (Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus molitorella, red tilapia, and Oreochromis niloticus) were collected at 6 sampling sites during the period from July to November 2020. Fish from the clean drinking water source of the upper reaches of the Liuxihe Reservoir in Guangzhou were collected as the control. Both the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay and the micronucleus test were used to detect DNA damage and the micronucleus rate in erythrocytes of fish samples, respectively. The results indicated that there was a significant increase in comet tail length, Olive tail moment, and micronucleus rates of all fish samples compared with those of the control (p < 0.05). The order of sensitivity to DNA damage and micronucleus formation was Labeo rohita > Cirrhinus molitorella > red tilapia > Oreochromis niloticus. The results of the 2 kinds of experiments were in perfect agreement with each other. We conclude that there are obvious genotoxic effects from the water in the Helong Reservoir. As a strategic drinking water source, the safety of the Reservoir water quality should be considered. The local government should put the restoration of the Helong Reservoir water quality on the agenda as soon as possible. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1919-1927. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Xian
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meilin Tang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Lian
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowu Peng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dalin Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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194
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Liu Y, Yang C, Sun L, Wang A, Lan X, Xu W, Liang Y, Ma S, Xia Q. In-depth transcriptome unveils the cadmium toxicology and a novel metallothionein in silkworm. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:128522. [PMID: 33066968 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has gradually become a major global issue. It is so far reaching in part because heavy metals are absorbed by soil and affect almost all species via ecological cycles. Silkworms (Bombyx mori) are poisoned by heavy metals through a soil-mulberry-silkworm system, which inhibits larval growth and development and leads to a decrease in silk production. In the present study, we performed transcriptome sequencing of larval midgut with cadmium exposure to explore the toxicological mechanism of heavy metal, and found that the following potential pathways may be involved in cadmium infiltration: endocytosis, oxidative phosphorylation, and MAPK signaling. Moreover, we identified a novel metallothionein in silkworm, which is inhibited by cadmium exposure and able to improve heavy metal tolerance in B. mori cell lines and Escherichia coli. We also generated a transgenic silkworm strain overexpressing metallothionein and the result showed that metallothionein observably enhanced larval viability under cadmium exposure. This study used RNA sequencing to reveal a mechanism for cadmium toxicology, and identified and functionally verified BmMT, offering a new potential heavy metal-tolerant silkworm variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Chengfei Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Le Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Aoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xinhui Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Sanyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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195
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Ge J, Tian S, Yu H, Zhao J, Chen J, Pan L, Xie R, Lu L. Exogenous application of Mn significantly increased Cd accumulation in the Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116837. [PMID: 33706243 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sedum alfredii is a Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator native to China, which was collected from a mined area where Mn content in soil was extremely high, together with Zn and Cd content. We investigated the tolerance and accumulation ability of Mn and its possible association with Cd hyperaccumulation in this plant species by using MP-AES, SR-μ-XRF, and RT-PCR. The results showed that the hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) S. alfredii exhibited high tolerance to Mn and accumulating around 10,000 and 12,000 mg kg-1 Mn in roots and shoots, respectively, without exhibiting toxicity under 5000 mg kg-1 Mn treatment for 4 weeks. Exposure to Cd significantly reduced plant uptake of Mn. In contrast, exogenous Mn application significantly improved root uptake and root-to-shoot translocation of Cd, resulting in the increased Cd accumulation in the shoots of HE S. alfredii. SR-μ-XRF analysis demonstrated that high Mn (20 μM) exposure resulted in higher intensities of Cd localized in both stem vascular bundles and cortex, as well as leaf mesophyll cells, than in those treated with low Mn levels (0.2 μM or 2.0 μM). RT-PCR analysis of several genes possibly involved in Mn/Cd transportation showed that expression of SaNramp3 in roots was significantly reduced under high Mn exposure. These results suggested a significant interaction between Cd and Mn in the HE S. alfredii plants, possibly through their competition for transporters and theoretically provided a strategy to improve the efficiency of Cd extraction from polluted soils by this plant species, after using appropriate nutrient management of Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shengke Tian
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haiyue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ruohan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingli Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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196
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Patterns of Agricultural Diversification in China and Its Policy Implications for Agricultural Modernization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094978. [PMID: 34067092 PMCID: PMC8125130 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on the value of agricultural farm products produced by different subsectors in China, the foregoing analysis reveals the dynamic character of agricultural diversification by which, this study seeks to examine the evolutionary process of Chinese agriculture through a quantitative study of agricultural diversification at both national and provincial levels. In the initial stages of reform and opening up, the degree of agricultural diversification in the southwest was relatively high; then the center of agricultural diversification gradually moved to the southeast of China; finally, the degree of agricultural diversification in the economically developed eastern provinces was obviously higher than those in other regions in 2019. It was seen that some provinces in the eastern and central south regions moved toward increasing diversification in one direction, and other provinces changed direction, first moving toward diversification and later toward concentration or vice versa. These oscillations implied that there was a cyclic tendency of agricultural diversification along with an increase in per capita GDP. Generally speaking, the patterns of diversification differed across regions due to diversified agricultural subsectors resulting from different natural and socio-economic circumstances. In particular, in less developed regions with lower agricultural diversification levels, farming agriculture persistently dominated the leading position with relatively more resistance to modernizing trends in other aspects of agriculture. It is urgent for the Chinese government to figure out ways off reconciling agricultural productivity with environmental quality through the ecological intensification of agriculture.
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197
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Li P, Jing J, Guo W, Guo X, Hu W, Qi X, Wei WQ, Zhuang G. The associations of air pollution and socioeconomic factors with esophageal cancer in China based on a spatiotemporal analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110415. [PMID: 33159927 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization and industrialization in China have incurred serious air pollution and consequent health concerns. In this study, we examined the modifying effects of urbanization and socioeconomic factors on the association between PM2.5 and incidence of esophageal cancer (EC) in 2000-2015 using spatiotemporal techniques and a quasi-Poisson generalized linear model. The results showed a downward trend of EC and high-risk areas aggregated in North China and Huai River Basin. In addition, a stronger association between PM2.5 and incidence was observed in low urbanization group, and the association was stronger for females than males. When exposure time-windows were adjusted as 0, 5, 10, 15 years, the incidence risk increased by 2.48% (95% CI: 2.23%, 2.73%), 2.20% (95% CI: 1.91%, 2.49%), 2.18% (95% CI%: 1.92%, 2.43%), 1.87% (95% CI%:1.64, 2.10%) for males, respectively and 4.03% (95% CI: 3.63%, 4.43%), 2.20% (95% CI: 1.91%, 2.49%), 3.97% (95% CI: 3.54%, 4.41%), 3.06% (95% CI: 2.71%, 3.41%) for females, respectively. The findings indicated people in low urbanization group faced with a stronger EC risk caused by PM2.5, which contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of combating EC challenges related to PM2.5 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Jing
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiya Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wen-Qiang Wei
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Guihua Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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198
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Ahmad P, Alyemeni MN, Wijaya L, Ahanger MA, Ashraf M, Alam P, Paray BA, Rinklebe J. Nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside, mitigates mercury toxicity in different cultivars of soybean. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124852. [PMID: 33383453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study reveals the effect of mercury (Hg) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on plant growth and metabolism in soybean cultivars (Pusa-24, Pusa-37and Pusa-40). Mercury stress decreased growth and biomass yield, and gas exchange attributes in all soybean cultivars. External supplementation of SNP mitigated Hg toxicity by improving growth and gas exchange parameters. Electrolyte leakage (EL) increased accompanied with elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 under Hg stress, however, they were found to be reduced in all cultivars upon the exogenous application of SNP. The activities of anti-oxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase (SOD and CAT) and those enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione pathway were impaired by Hg stress, but they were regulated by the application of SNP. Accumulation of Hg and NO in the shoots and roots were also regulated by the application of NO. Although, all three cultivars were affected by Hg stress, Pusa-37 was relatively less affected. Mercury stress affected the growth and development of different soybean cultivars, but Pusa-37 being tolerant was less affected. Pusa-37 was found to be more responsive to SNP than Pusa-24, Pusa-40 under Hg toxicity. The external supplementation of SNP could be a sustainable approach to economically utilize Hg affected soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Pravej Alam
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy, and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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199
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Abstract
Since prehistoric times, water conflicts have occurred as a result of a wide range of tensions and/or violence, which have rarely taken the form of traditional warfare waged over water resources alone. Instead, water has historically been a (re)source of tension and a factor in conflicts that start for other reasons. In some cases, water was used directly as a weapon through its ability to cause damage through deprivation or erosion or water resources of enemy populations and their armies. However, water conflicts, both past and present, arise for several reasons; including territorial disputes, fight for resources, and strategic advantage. The main reasons of water conflicts are usually delimitation of boundaries, waterlogging (e.g., dams and lakes), diversion of rivers flow, running water, food, and political distresses. In recent decades, the number of human casualties caused by water conflicts is more than that of natural disasters, indicating the importance of emerging trends on water wars in the world. This paper presents arguments, fights, discourses, and conflicts around water from ancient times to the present. This diachronic survey attempts to provide water governance alternatives for the current and future.
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200
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Ngo HTT, Watchalayann P, Nguyen DB, Doan HN, Liang L. Environmental health risk assessment of heavy metal exposure among children living in an informal e-waste processing village in Viet Nam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:142982. [PMID: 33129545 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the exposure levels of five heavy metals via different pathways based on the field samplings and questionnaire surveys of children residing in an informal e-waste processing village and a reference village in Viet Nam. The findings revealed that levels of the total average daily intake (ADI) of the five heavy metals collected from a child at the exposed village were 3.90 times higher (p < 0.01) than that of a child at the reference village. Ingestion of cooked rice was the largest contributor to the total ADI of the children tested at both villages. However, the risks from water drinking and dermal contact of soil were negligible. The total non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk in an exposed child were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than their respective risks in a reference child. The non-carcinogenic risk to an exposed child was likely to occur, while the risk to a reference child was negligible. The carcinogenic risks found in children from both of the villages, however, were higher than the acceptable values, indicating the potential health risks to the children from both villages. The susceptibility of children to heavy metal contaminations shown in this study suggests that a mitigating measure need to be initiated jointly by a public agency and a private organization to prevent children from the risks of being exposed to the contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Thi Thu Ngo
- Department of Public Health, Thang Long University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Pensri Watchalayann
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Diep Bich Nguyen
- The National Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hai Ngoc Doan
- The National Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Li Liang
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
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