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Zhao CP, Zhang C, Zhou SN, Xie YM, Wang YH, Huang H, Shang YC, Li WY, Zhou C, Yu MJ, Feng SW. Human mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate the phenotype of SOD1-G93A ALS mice. Cytotherapy 2007; 9:414-26. [PMID: 17786603 DOI: 10.1080/14653240701376413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, lethal, neurodegenerative disease, currently without any effective therapy. Multiple advantages make mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) a good candidate for cellular therapy in many intractable diseases such as stroke and brain injury. Until now, no irrefutable evidence exists regarding the outcome of MSC transplantation in the mouse model of ALS. The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic potential of human MSC (hMSC) in the mouse model of ALS (SOD1-G93A mice). METHODS hMSC were isolated from iliac crest aspirates from healthy donors and kept in cell cultures. hMSC of the fifth passage were delivered intravenously into irradiated pre-symptomatic SOD1-G93A mice. Therapeutic effects were analyzed by survival analysis, rotarod test, motor neuron count in spinal cord and electrophysiology. The engraftment and in vivo differentiation of hMSC were examined in the brain and spinal cord of hMSC-transplanted mice. RESULTS After intravenous injection into irradiated pre-symptomatic SOD1-G93A mice, hMSC survived more than 20 weeks in recipient mice, migrated into the parenchyma of brain and spinal cord and showed neuroglia differentiation. Moreover, hMSC-transplanted mice showed significantly delayed disease onset (14 days), increased lifespan (18 days) and delayed disease progression compared with untreated mice. DISCUSSION Our data document the positive effects of hMSC transplantation in the mouse model of ALS. It may signify the potential use of hMSC in treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-P Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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152
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Ukai R, Honmou O, Harada K, Houkin K, Hamada H, Kocsis JD. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from peripheral blood protects against ischemia. J Neurotrauma 2007; 24:508-20. [PMID: 17402856 PMCID: PMC2605398 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2006.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prepared from bone marrow (BMSCs) reduces infarction volume and ameliorates functional deficits in a rat cerebral ischemia model. MSC-like multipotent precursor cells (PMSCs) have also been suggested to exist in peripheral blood. To test the hypothesis that treatment with PMSCs may have a therapeutic benefit in stroke, we compared the efficacy of systemic delivery of BMSCs and PMSCs. A permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rat was induced by intraluminal vascular occlusion with a microfilament. Rat BMSCs and PMSCs were prepared in culture and intravenously injected into the rats 6 h after MCAO. Lesion size was assessed at 6 h, and 1, 3, and 7 days using MR imaging and histology. The hemodynamic change of cerebral blood perfusion on stroke was assessed the same times using perfusion-weighted image (PWI). Functional outcome was assessed using the treadmill stress test. Both BMSCs and PMSCs treated groups had reduced lesion volume, improved regional cerebral blood flow, and functional improvement compared to the control group. The therapeutic benefits of both MSC-treated groups were similar. These data suggest that PMSCs derived from peripheral blood could be an important cell source of cell therapy for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ukai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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153
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Shi E, Kazui T, Jiang X, Washiyama N, Yamashita K, Terada H, Bashar AHM. Therapeutic Benefit of Intrathecal Injection of Marrow Stromal Cells on Ischemia-Injured Spinal Cord. Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 83:1484-90. [PMID: 17383362 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Revised: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prophylactic transplantation of marrow stromal cells (MSCs) before spinal cord ischemia has been shown to attenuate neurologic injures. We sought to investigate the therapeutic effect of MSCs on ischemia-injured spinal cord. METHODS Marrow stromal cells were expanded in vitro and prelabeled with bromodeoxyuridine. Spinal cord ischemia was induced in rabbits by infrarenal aortic occlusion for 30 minutes. Four groups were enrolled. About 1 x 10(8) MSCs were intrathecally injected 2 hours (group MSC-2h), 24 hours (group MSC-24h), or 48 hours (group MSC-48h) after spinal cord ischemia, respectively. The control group received intrathecal injection of medium alone. Hind-limb motor function was assessed during a 28-day recovery period with Tarlov criteria, and then histologic examination was performed. RESULTS Marrow stromal cells still could be found in the spinal cord 4 weeks after transplantation. The capillary density in the ventral gray matter was significantly increased in the three MSC-treated groups (p < 0.01 versus control group, respectively). After a 28-day recovery, marked functional improvement was detected in group MSC-2h (from day 1 to 28, p < 0.05, versus control group, respectively) and group MSC-24h (from day 14 to 28, p < 0.05, versus control group, respectively), but not in group MSC-48h. The number of intact motor neurons was much greater in group MSC-2h (p < 0.05, versus control group). CONCLUSIONS Intrathecal injection of MSCs enhances angiogenesis in the host spinal cord and improves the motor functional recovery after spinal cord ischemia. The therapeutic time window is critical for the therapeutic effect of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyi Shi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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154
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Syková E, Jendelová P. Migration, fate and in vivo imaging of adult stem cells in the CNS. Cell Death Differ 2007; 14:1336-42. [PMID: 17396130 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells have been intensively studied for their potential use in cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia and traumatic injuries. One of the most promising cell sources for autologous cell transplantation is bone marrow, containing a heterogenous cell population that can be roughly divided into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs are multipotent progenitor cells that, in the case of severe tissue ischemia or damage, can be attracted to the lesion site, where they can secrete bioactive molecules, either naturally or through genetic engineering. They can also serve as vehicles for delivering therapeutic agents. Mobilized from the marrow, sorted or expanded in culture, MSCs can be delivered to the damaged site by direct or systemic application. In addition, MSCs can be labeled with superparamagnetic nanoparticles that allow in vivo cell imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is thus a suitable method for in vivo cell tracking of transplanted cells in the host organism. This review will focus on cell labeling for MRI and the use of MSCs in experimental and clinical studies for the treatment of brain and spinal cord injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Syková
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic.
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155
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Horita Y, Honmou O, Harada K, Houkin K, Hamada H, Kocsis JD. Intravenous administration of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor gene-modified human mesenchymal stem cells protects against injury in a cerebral ischemia model in the adult rat. J Neurosci Res 2007; 84:1495-504. [PMID: 16998918 PMCID: PMC2605367 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous administration of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) prepared from adult bone marrow has been reported to ameliorate functional deficits after cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Several hypotheses to account for these therapeutic effects have been suggested, and current thinking is that neuroprotection rather than neurogenesis is responsible. To enhance the therapeutic benefits of hMSCs potentially, we transfected hMSCs with the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene using a fiber-mutant F/RGD adenovirus vector and investigated whether GDNF gene-modified hMSCs (GDNF-hMSCs) could contribute to functional recovery in a rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. We induced MCAO by using intraluminal vascular occlusion, and GDNF-hMSCs were intravenously infused into the rats 3 hr later. MRI and behavioral analyses revealed that rats receiving GDNF-hMSCs or hMSCs exhibited increased recovery from ischemia compared with the control group, but the effect was greater in the GDNF-hMSC group. Thus, these results suggest that intravenous administration of hMSCs transfected with the GDNF gene using a fiber-mutant adenovirus vector may be useful in the cerebral ischemia and may represent a new strategy for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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156
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Abstract
In spite of the commonly held belief that ‘the brain does not regenerate’, it is now accepted that postnatal neurogenesis does occur. Thus, one wonders whether cellular-replacement therapy might be used to heal the brain in diseases caused by neuronal cell loss. The existence of neural stem cells has been demonstrated by many scientists and is now generally accepted. The exact role of these cells, how their numbers are regulated and how they participate in CNS and spinal cord regeneration in postnatal life are still not well known. There are many reviews summarizing work on these cells; consequently, I will focus instead on other cells that may participate in postnatal neurogenesis: bone marrow-derived stem cells. The possibility that bone marrow-derived stem cells populate the CNS and differentiate into various neural elements is certainly not universally accepted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mezey
- CSDB, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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157
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Hall B, Andreeff M, Marini F. The participation of mesenchymal stem cells in tumor stroma formation and their application as targeted-gene delivery vehicles. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2007:263-83. [PMID: 17554513 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-68976-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) selectively proliferate to tumors and contribute to the formation of tumor-associated stroma. The biological rationale for tumor recruitment of MSC remains unclear but may represent an effort of the host to blunt tumor cell growth and improve survival. There is mounting experimental evidence that normal stromal cells can revert malignant cell behavior, and separate studies have demonstrated that stromal cells can enhance tumor progression after acquisition of tumor-like genetic lesions. Together, these observations support the rationale for modifying normal MSC to deliver therapeutic proteins directly into the tumor microenvironment. Modified MSC can produce high concentrations of antitumor proteins directly within the Tumor mass, which have been shown to blunt tumor growth kinetics in experimental animal model systems. In this chapter we will address the biological properties of MSC within the tumor microenvironment and discuss the potential use of MSC and other bone marrow-derived cell populations as delivery vehicles for antitumor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hall
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Columbus Children's Research Institute, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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158
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Harada K, Honmou O, Liu H, Bando M, Houkin K, Kocsis JD. Magnetic resonance lactate and lipid signals in rat brain after middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Brain Res 2006; 1134:206-13. [PMID: 17196558 PMCID: PMC2605392 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Revised: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1-H MRS) has revealed changes of metabolites in acute cerebral infarction. Although the drastic changes of lactate and N-acetyl-aspartate have been reported to be useful indicators of the ischemic damage in both humans and experimental animals, lipid signals are also detected by the short echo time sequence 1-5 days after ischemia. The objective of this study was to find a novel technique to isolate lactate signals from lipid signals in the ischemic brain. First, MRS was used to study the lipid and lactate components of a spherical phantom in vitro, and parameters were established to separate these components in vitro. Then, MR measurements were obtained from the brains of middle cerebral artery occlusion rats. All MR measurements were performed using a 7-T (300 MHz), 18.3-cm-bore superconducting magnet (Oxford Magnet Technologies) interfaced to a Unity INOVA Imaging System (Varian Technologies). T2-weighted images were obtained from a 1.0-mm-thick coronal section using a 3-cm field of view. It is well known that lipid has a shorter and lactate a longer T2 relaxation time. These distinct magnetic characteristics allowed us to separate the lactate signal from the lipid signal. Thus, adjustment of the echo time is essential to analyze the metabolites in acute cerebral infarction, which may be useful in both the clinic and laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Harada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Osamu Honmou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
- Corresponding author: Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1st, West-16th, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan. Fax: +81 11 614 1662., E-mail address: (O. Honmou)
| | - He Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Michio Bando
- Division of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Houkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Jeffery D. Kocsis
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
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159
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Mäkinen S, Kekarainen T, Nystedt J, Liimatainen T, Huhtala T, Närvänen A, Laine J, Jolkkonen J. Human umbilical cord blood cells do not improve sensorimotor or cognitive outcome following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Brain Res 2006; 1123:207-15. [PMID: 17070789 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated effects of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) cells on sensorimotor, cognitive, and histological outcome in rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Halothane anesthetized adult male Wistar rats were subjected to transient MCAO for 2 h. HUCB cells (mononuclear 1-5x10(7) or Lin(-) cells 1-5x10(5)) were administered intravenously after 24 h recovery. The limb-placing test was performed on postoperative days 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 16, and 20. In addition, beam-walking and cylinder tests were used to assess sensorimotor function at baseline, and on postoperative days 4, 12, and 20. Morris water-maze was used to assess cognitive performance on postoperative days 22-24. Subsequently, rats were perfused for measurement of infarct volumes and detection of HUCB cells by immunohistochemistry (MAB1281). MCAO rats showed a partial spontaneous recovery in sensorimotor function during the follow-up. However, the recovery profile was similar in MCAO controls and in MCAO rats that received HUCB cells. HUCB did not affect impaired water-maze performance of MCAO rats. Only few human nuclei-specific MAB1281-positive cells were detected in the ipsilateral hemisphere in MCAO rats that received HUCB cells. Infarct volumes did not differ between the experimental groups. A group of additional rats were used to further study biodistribution of intravenously given (111)In-oxine-labelled mononuclear HUCB cells in MCAO and sham-operated rats. SPECT imaging data indicated a high tracer uptake in the lung, liver, spleen, and kidney, but not in the brain immediately after administration or 24 h post-administration. The present study suggests that HUCB cells do not improve functional recovery or histological outcome in MCAO rats after systemic administration because of limited migration of cells in the ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Mäkinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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160
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Kim S, Honmou O, Kato K, Nonaka T, Houkin K, Hamada H, Kocsis JD. Neural differentiation potential of peripheral blood- and bone-marrow-derived precursor cells. Brain Res 2006; 1123:27-33. [PMID: 17064670 PMCID: PMC2605382 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2006] [Revised: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prepared from adult bone marrow (BMSCs) has been reported to ameliorate functional deficits in several CNS diseases in experimental animal models. Bone marrow was enriched in MSCs by selecting for plastic-adherent cells that were grown to confluency in appropriate culture conditions as flattened fibroblast-like cells. Despite the fact that the stem/precursor cells in peripheral blood are widely used for reconstruction in the hematopoietic system, it is not fully understood whether peripheral blood-derived plastic-adherent precursor/stem cells (PMSCs) can differentiate into a neural lineage. To compare the potential of PMSCs and BMSCs for neural differentiation in vitro, BMSCs and PMSCs were prepared from the adult rat and expanded in culture. Although the growth rate of PMSCs was less than BMSCs, immunocytochemical and RT-PCR analyses indicated that both MSC types were successfully induced to nestin-positive neurospheres in the presence of EGF and bFGF. After withdrawal of the mitogens, these cells could differentiate into neurofilament-positive neurons or GFAP-positive glia. Thus, our findings suggest the potential use of PMSCs for a cell therapy in CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangnyon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
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161
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Jomura S, Uy M, Mitchell K, Dallasen R, Bode CJ, Xu Y. Potential treatment of cerebral global ischemia with Oct-4+ umbilical cord matrix cells. Stem Cells 2006; 25:98-106. [PMID: 16960128 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Potential therapeutic effects of Oct-4-positive rat umbilical cord matrix (RUCM) cells in treating cerebral global ischemia were evaluated using a reproducible model of cardiac arrest (CA) and resuscitation in rats. Animals were randomly assigned to four groups: A, sham-operated; B, 8-minute CA without pretreatment; C, 8-minute CA pretreated with defined media; and D, 8-minute CA pretreated with Oct-4(+) RUCM cells. Pretreatment was done 3 days before CA by 2.5-microl microinjection of defined media or approximately 10(4) Oct-4(+) RUCM cells in left thalamic nucleus, hippocampus, corpus callosum, and cortex. Damage was assessed histologically 7 days after CA and was quantified by the percentage of injured neurons in hippocampal CA1 regions. Little damage (approximately 3%-4%) was found in the sham group, whereas 50%-68% CA1 pyramidal neurons were injured in groups B and C. Pretreatment with Oct-4(+) RUCM cells significantly (p < .001) reduced neuronal loss to 25%-32%. Although the transplanted cells were found to have survived in the brain with significant migration, few were found directly in CA1. Therefore, transdifferentiation and fusion with host cells cannot be the predominant mechanisms for the observed protection. The Oct-4(+) RUCM cells might repair nonfocal tissue damage by an extracellular signaling mechanism. Treating cerebral global ischemia with umbilical cord matrix cells seems promising and worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Jomura
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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162
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Liu H, Honmou O, Harada K, Nakamura K, Houkin K, Hamada H, Kocsis JD. Neuroprotection by PlGF gene-modified human mesenchymal stem cells after cerebral ischaemia. Brain 2006; 129:2734-45. [PMID: 16901914 PMCID: PMC2605397 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awl207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prepared from adult bone marrow reduces infarction size and ameliorates functional deficits in rat cerebral ischaemia models. Placental growth factor (PlGF) is angiogenic to impaired non-neural tissue. To test the hypothesis that PlGF contributes to the therapeutic benefits of MSC delivery in cerebral ischaemia, we compared the efficacy of systemic delivery of human MSCs (hMSCs) and hMSCs transfected with a fibre-mutant F/RGD adenovirus vector with a PlGF gene (PlGF-hMSCs). A permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced by intraluminal vascular occlusion with a microfilament. hMSCs and PlGF-hMSCs were intravenously injected into the rats 3 h after MCAO. Lesion size was assessed at 3 and 6 h, and 1, 3, 4 and 7 days using MR imaging and histology. Functional outcome was assessed using the limb placement test and the treadmill stress test. Both hMSCs and PlGF-hMSCs reduced lesion volume, induced angiogenesis and elicited functional improvement compared with the control sham group, but the effect was greater in the PlGF-hMSC group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the infarcted hemisphere revealed an increase in PlGF in both hMSC groups, but a greater increase in the PlGF-hMSC group. These data support the hypothesis that PlGF contributes to neuroprotection and angiogenesis in cerebral ischaemia, and cellular delivery of PlGF to the brain can be achieved by intravenous delivery of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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163
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Snyder EY. Special issue: the intersection of stem/progenitor cell biology and hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury/stroke. Exp Neurol 2006; 199:1-4. [PMID: 16798271 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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164
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English D, Klasko SK, Sanberg PR. Elusive mechanisms of "stem cell"-mediated repair of cerebral damage. Exp Neurol 2006; 199:10-5. [PMID: 16730352 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2005] [Accepted: 03/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis English
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC-78, Tampa, FL 36112, USA.
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165
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Komitova M, Johansson BB, Eriksson PS. On neural plasticity, new neurons and the postischemic milieu: An integrated view on experimental rehabilitation. Exp Neurol 2006; 199:42-55. [PMID: 16631168 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses actual and potential contributors to functional improvement after stroke injuries. Topics that will be covered are neuronal re-organization and sprouting, neural stem/progenitor cell activation and neuronal replacement, as well as the neuronal milieu defined by glia, inflammatory cells and blood vessel supply. It is well established that different types of neuronal plasticity ultimately lead to post-stroke recovery. However, an untapped potential which only recently has started to be extensively explored is neuronal replacement through endogenous or exogenous resources. Major experimental efforts are needed to achieve progress in this burgeoning area. The review stresses the importance of applying neurodevelopmental principles as well as performing a characterization of the role of the postischemic milieu when studying adult brain neural stem/progenitor cells. Integrated and multifaceted experimentation, incorporating actual and possible poststroke function modulators, will be necessary in order to determine future strategies that will ultimately enable considerable progress in the field of neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Komitova
- Arvid Carlsson Institute, Division for Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
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166
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Brass
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8018, USA.
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