151
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The Methylation Status of the Epigenome: Its Emerging Role in the Regulation of Tumor Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth, and Potential for Drug Targeting. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080268. [PMID: 30103412 PMCID: PMC6115976 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 50 years ago, Judah Folkman raised the concept of inhibiting tumor angiogenesis for treating solid tumors. The development of anti-angiogenic drugs would decrease or even arrest tumor growth by restricting the delivery of oxygen and nutrient supplies, while at the same time display minimal toxic side effects to healthy tissues. Bevacizumab (Avastin)—a humanized monoclonal anti VEGF-A antibody—is now used as anti-angiogenic drug in several forms of cancers, yet with variable results. Recent years brought significant progresses in our understanding of the role of chromatin remodeling and epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Many inhibitors of DNA methylation as well as of histone methylation, have been successfully tested in preclinical studies and some are currently undergoing evaluation in phase I, II or III clinical trials, either as cytostatic molecules—reducing the proliferation of cancerous cells—or as tumor angiogenesis inhibitors. In this review, we will focus on the methylation status of the vascular epigenome, based on the genomic DNA methylation patterns with DNA methylation being mainly transcriptionally repressive, and lysine/arginine histone post-translational modifications which either promote or repress the chromatin transcriptional state. Finally, we discuss the potential use of “epidrugs” in efficient control of tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis.
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152
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da Silva I, da Costa Vieira R, Stella C, Loturco E, Carvalho AL, Veo C, Neto C, Silva SM, D'Amora P, Salzgeber M, Matos D, Silva CR, Oliveira JR, Rabelo I, Yamakawa P, Maciel R, Biscolla R, Chiamolera M, Fraietta R, Reis F, Mori M, Marchioni D, Carioca A, Maciel G, Tomioka R, Baracat E, Silva C, Granato C, Diaz R, Scarpellini B, Egle D, Fiegl H, Himmel I, Troi C, Nagourney R. Inborn-like errors of metabolism are determinants of breast cancer risk, clinical response and survival: a study of human biochemical individuality. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31664-31681. [PMID: 30167086 PMCID: PMC6114970 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide yet methods for early detection remain elusive. We describe the discovery and validation of biochemical signatures measured by mass spectrometry, performed upon blood samples from patients and controls that accurately identify (>95%) the presence of clinical breast cancer. Targeted quantitative MS/MS conducted upon 1225 individuals, including patients with breast and other cancers, normal controls as well as individuals with a variety of metabolic disorders provide a biochemical phenotype that accurately identifies the presence of breast cancer and predicts response and survival following the administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The metabolic changes identified are consistent with inborn-like errors of metabolism and define a continuum from normal controls to elevated risk to invasive breast cancer. Similar results were observed in other adenocarcinomas but were not found in squamous cell cancers or hematologic neoplasms. The findings describe a new early detection platform for breast cancer and support a role for pre-existing, inborn-like errors of metabolism in the process of breast carcinogenesis that may also extend to other glandular malignancies. Statement of Significance: Findings provide a powerful tool for early detection and the assessment of prognosis in breast cancer and define a novel concept of breast carcinogenesis that characterizes malignant transformation as the clinical manifestation of underlying metabolic insufficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael da Silva
- Gynecology Department, College of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Fleury Laboratories, São Paulo, Brazil.,Barretos Cancer Hospital (HCB), Barretos, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Stella
- Gynecology Department, College of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Loturco
- Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Human Reproduction Division, College of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Veo
- Barretos Cancer Hospital (HCB), Barretos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo D'Amora
- Gynecology Department, College of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Salzgeber
- Gynecology Department, College of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Delcio Matos
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Gastroenterology Division, College of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso R Silva
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Hematology and Hemotherapy Division, College of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose R Oliveira
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Hematology and Hemotherapy Division, College of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iara Rabelo
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Hematology and Hemotherapy Division, College of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Yamakawa
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Hematology and Hemotherapy Division, College of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Maciel
- Fleury Laboratories, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, College of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa Biscolla
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, College of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Chiamolera
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, College of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Fraietta
- Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Human Reproduction Division, College of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Reis
- Biophysics Department, College of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dirce Marchioni
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carioca
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Maciel
- Fleury Laboratories, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Tomioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edmund Baracat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clovis Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Granato
- Fleury Laboratories, São Paulo, Brazil.,Retrovirology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Unit, Medicine Department, College of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Diaz
- Retrovirology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Unit, Medicine Department, College of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Scarpellini
- Fleury Laboratories, São Paulo, Brazil.,Retrovirology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Unit, Medicine Department, College of Medicine of the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Egle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heidi Fiegl
- Department of Gynecology, Meran Hospital, Meran, Italy
| | | | - Christina Troi
- Department of Gynecology, Brixen Hospital, Brixen, Italy
| | - Robert Nagourney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology Unit, University of California Irvine (UCI), California, USA
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153
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Li Q, Jiao J, Li H, Wan H, Zheng C, Cai J, Bao S. Histone arginine methylation by Prmt5 is required for lung branching morphogenesis through repression of BMP signaling. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.217406. [PMID: 29950483 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis is essential for the successful development of a functional lung to accomplish its gas exchange function. Although many studies have highlighted requirements for the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway during branching morphogenesis, little is known about how BMP signaling is regulated. Here, we report that the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5) and symmetric dimethylation at histone H4 arginine 3 (H4R3sme2) directly associate with chromatin of Bmp4 to suppress its transcription. Inactivation of Prmt5 in the lung epithelium results in halted branching morphogenesis, altered epithelial cell differentiation and neonatal lethality. These defects are accompanied by increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation of lung epithelium, as a consequence of elevated canonical BMP-Smad1/5/9 signaling. Inhibition of BMP signaling by Noggin rescues the lung branching defects of Prmt5 mutant in vitro Taken together, our results identify a novel mechanism through which Prmt5-mediated histone arginine methylation represses canonical BMP signaling to regulate lung branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, and Department of Pediatrics, Huaxi Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China .,School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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154
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Scaglione A, Patzig J, Liang J, Frawley R, Bok J, Mela A, Yattah C, Zhang J, Teo SX, Zhou T, Chen S, Bernstein E, Canoll P, Guccione E, Casaccia P. PRMT5-mediated regulation of developmental myelination. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2840. [PMID: 30026560 PMCID: PMC6053423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system. They are derived from differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors through a process requiring cell cycle exit and histone modifications. Here we identify the histone arginine methyl-transferase PRMT5, a molecule catalyzing symmetric methylation of histone H4R3, as critical for developmental myelination. PRMT5 pharmacological inhibition, CRISPR/cas9 targeting, or genetic ablation decrease p53-dependent survival and impair differentiation without affecting proliferation. Conditional ablation of Prmt5 in progenitors results in hypomyelination, reduced survival and differentiation. Decreased histone H4R3 symmetric methylation is followed by increased nuclear acetylation of H4K5, and is rescued by pharmacological inhibition of histone acetyltransferases. Data obtained using purified histones further validate the results obtained in mice and in cultured oligodendrocyte progenitors. Together, these results identify PRMT5 as critical for oligodendrocyte differentiation and developmental myelination by modulating the cross-talk between histone arginine methylation and lysine acetylation. Myelin-forming cells derive from oligodendrocyte progenitors. Here the authors identify histone arginine methyl-transferase PRMT5 as critical for developmental myelination by modulating the cross-talk between histone arginine methylation and lysine acetylation, to favor differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Scaglione
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Julia Patzig
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Rebecca Frawley
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jabez Bok
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos Building #3-06, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Angeliki Mela
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Camila Yattah
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos Building #3-06, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Shun Xie Teo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos Building #3-06, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Ting Zhou
- Room A-829, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Room A-829, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Emily Bernstein
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos Building #3-06, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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155
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Chen Y, Liu X, Li Y, Quan C, Zheng L, Huang K. Lung Cancer Therapy Targeting Histone Methylation: Opportunities and Challenges. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:211-223. [PMID: 30002791 PMCID: PMC6039709 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies. In spite of the progress made in past decades, further studies to improve current therapy for lung cancer are required. Dynamically controlled by methyltransferases and demethylases, methylation of lysine and arginine residues on histone proteins regulates chromatin organization and thereby gene transcription. Aberrant alterations of histone methylation have been demonstrated to be associated with the progress of multiple cancers including lung cancer. Inhibitors of methyltransferases and demethylases have exhibited anti-tumor activities in lung cancer, and multiple lead candidates are under clinical trials. Here, we summarize how histone methylation functions in lung cancer, highlighting most recent progresses in small molecular inhibitors for lung cancer treatment.
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Key Words
- ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase
- DUSP3, dual-specificity phosphatase 3
- EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- Elk1, ETS-domain containing protein
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- Histone demethylase
- Histone demethylation
- Histone methylation
- Histone methyltransferase
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- Inhibitors
- KDMs, lysine demethylases
- KLF2, Kruppel-like factor 2
- KMTs, lysine methyltransferases
- LSDs, lysine specific demethylases
- Lung cancer
- MEP50, methylosome protein 50
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- PAD4, peptidylarginine deiminase 4
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PDX, patient-derived xenografts
- PRC2, polycomb repressive complex 2
- PRMTs, protein arginine methyltrasferases
- PTMs, posttranslational modifications
- SAH, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
- SAM, S-adenosyl-L-methionine
- SCLC, small cell lung cancer
- TIMP3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yangkai Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chuntao Quan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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156
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Nakayama N, Sakashita G, Nariai Y, Kato H, Sinmyozu K, Nakayama JI, Kyo S, Urano T, Nakayama K. Cancer-related transcription regulator protein NAC1 forms a protein complex with CARM1 for ovarian cancer progression. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28408-28420. [PMID: 29983869 PMCID: PMC6033357 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAC1 is a cancer-related transcription regulator protein that is overexpressed in various carcinomas, including ovarian, cervical, breast, and pancreatic carcinomas. NAC1 knock-down was previously shown to result in the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cell lines and to rescue their sensitivity to chemotherapy, suggesting that NAC1 may be a potential therapeutic target, but protein complex formation of intranuclear NAC1 in ovarian cancer cells remain poorly understood. In this study, analysis of ovarian cancer cell lysates by fast protein liquid chromatography on a sizing column showed that the NAC1 peak corresponded to an apparent molecular mass of 300–500 kDa, which is larger than the estimated molecular mass (58 kDa) of the protein. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified CARM1 as interacting with NAC1 in the protein complex. Furthermore, tissue microarray analysis revealed a significant correlation between CARM1 and NAC1 expression levels. Ovarian cancer patients expressing high levels of NAC1 and CARM1 exhibited poor prognosis after adjuvant chemotherapy. Collectively, our results demonstrate that high expression levels of NAC1 and its novel binding partner CARM1 may serve as an informative prognostic biomarker for predicting resistance to chemotherapy for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Gyosuke Sakashita
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yuko Nariai
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kato
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kaori Sinmyozu
- Proteomics Support Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan.,Current address: National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Nakayama
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Kyo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Urano
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
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157
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Smith E, Zhou W, Shindiapina P, Sif S, Li C, Baiocchi RA. Recent advances in targeting protein arginine methyltransferase enzymes in cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:527-545. [PMID: 29781349 PMCID: PMC6311705 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1474203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exploration in the field of epigenetics has revealed the diverse roles of the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family of proteins in multiple disease states. These findings have led to the development of specific inhibitors and discovery of several new classes of drugs with potential to treat both benign and malignant conditions. Areas covered: We provide an overview on the role of PRMT enzymes in healthy and malignant cells, highlighting the role of arginine methylation in specific pathways relevant to cancer pathogenesis. Additionally, we describe structure and catalytic activity of PRMT and discuss the mechanisms of action of novel small molecule inhibitors of specific members of the arginine methyltransferase family. Expert opinion: As the field of PRMT biology advances, it's becoming clear that this class of enzymes is highly relevant to maintaining normal physiologic processes as well and disease pathogenesis. We discuss the potential impact of PRMT inhibitors as a broad class of drugs, including the pleiotropic effects, off target effects the need for more detailed PRMT-centric interactomes, and finally, the potential for targeting this class of enzymes in clinical development of experimental therapeutics for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Smith
- The Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Polina Shindiapina
- The Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Said Sif
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert A. Baiocchi
- The Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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158
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Clarke SG. The ribosome: A hot spot for the identification of new types of protein methyltransferases. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10438-10446. [PMID: 29743234 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.aw118.003235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular physiology depends on the alteration of protein structures by covalent modification reactions. Using a combination of bioinformatic, genetic, biochemical, and mass spectrometric approaches, it has been possible to probe ribosomal proteins from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for post-translationally methylated amino acid residues and for the enzymes that catalyze these modifications. These efforts have resulted in the identification and characterization of the first protein histidine methyltransferase, the first N-terminal protein methyltransferase, two unusual types of protein arginine methyltransferases, and a new type of cysteine methylation. Two of these enzymes may modify their substrates during ribosomal assembly because the final methylated histidine and arginine residues are buried deep within the ribosome with contacts only with RNA. Two of these modifications occur broadly in eukaryotes, including humans, whereas the others demonstrate a more limited phylogenetic range. Analysis of strains where the methyltransferase genes are deleted has given insight into the physiological roles of these modifications. These reactions described here add diversity to the modifications that generate the typical methylated lysine and arginine residues previously described in histones and other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Clarke
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
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159
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Pratx L, Rancurel C, Da Rocha M, Danchin EGJ, Castagnone-Sereno P, Abad P, Perfus-Barbeoch L. Genome-wide expert annotation of the epigenetic machinery of the plant-parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne spp., with a focus on the asexually reproducing species. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:321. [PMID: 29724186 PMCID: PMC5934874 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The renewed interest in epigenetics has led to the understanding that both the environment and individual lifestyle can directly interact with the epigenome to influence its dynamics. Epigenetic phenomena are mediated by DNA methylation, stable chromatin modifications and non-coding RNA-associated gene silencing involving specific proteins called epigenetic factors. Multiple organisms, ranging from plants to yeast and mammals, have been used as model systems to study epigenetics. The interactions between parasites and their hosts are models of choice to study these mechanisms because the selective pressures are strong and the evolution is fast. The asexually reproducing root-knot nematodes (RKN) offer different advantages to study the processes and mechanisms involved in epigenetic regulation. RKN genomes sequencing and annotation have identified numerous genes, however, which of those are involved in the adaption to an environment and potentially relevant to the evolution of plant-parasitism is yet to be discovered. Results Here, we used a functional comparative annotation strategy combining orthology data, mining of curated genomics as well as protein domain databases and phylogenetic reconstructions. Overall, we show that (i) neither RKN, nor the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans possess any DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) (ii) RKN do not possess the complete machinery for DNA methylation on the 6th position of adenine (6mA) (iii) histone (de)acetylation and (de)methylation pathways are conserved between C. elegans and RKN, and the corresponding genes are amplified in asexually reproducing RKN (iv) some specific non-coding RNA families found in plant-parasitic nematodes are dissimilar from those in C. elegans. In the asexually reproducing RKN Meloidogyne incognita, expression data from various developmental stages supported the putative role of these proteins in epigenetic regulations. Conclusions Our results refine previous predictions on the epigenetic machinery of model species and constitute the most comprehensive description of epigenetic factors relevant to the plant-parasitic lifestyle and/or asexual mode of reproduction of RKN. Providing an atlas of epigenetic factors in RKN is an informative resource that will enable researchers to explore their potential role in adaptation of these parasites to their environment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4686-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Pratx
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRA, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France.,Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400, route des chappes, BP 167 - 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Rancurel
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRA, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France.,Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400, route des chappes, BP 167 - 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Martine Da Rocha
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRA, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France.,Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400, route des chappes, BP 167 - 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Etienne G J Danchin
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRA, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France.,Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400, route des chappes, BP 167 - 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Castagnone-Sereno
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRA, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France.,Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400, route des chappes, BP 167 - 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Abad
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRA, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France.,Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400, route des chappes, BP 167 - 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Laetitia Perfus-Barbeoch
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRA, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France. .,Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400, route des chappes, BP 167 - 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
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160
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Chen K, Bennett SA, Rana N, Yousuf H, Said M, Taaseen S, Mendo N, Meltser SM, Torrente MP. Neurodegenerative Disease Proteinopathies Are Connected to Distinct Histone Post-translational Modification Landscapes. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:838-848. [PMID: 29243911 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are devastating neurodegenerative diseases involving the progressive degeneration of neurons. No cure is available for patients diagnosed with these diseases. A prominent feature of both ALS and PD is the accumulation of protein inclusions in the cytoplasm of degenerating neurons; however, the particular proteins constituting these inclusions vary: the RNA-binding proteins TDP-43 and FUS are most notable in ALS, while α-synuclein aggregates into Lewy bodies in PD. In both diseases, genetic causes fail to explain the occurrence of a large proportion of cases, and thus, both are considered mostly sporadic. Despite mounting evidence for a possible role of epigenetics in the occurrence and progression of ALS and PD, epigenetic mechanisms in the context of these diseases remain mostly unexplored. Here we comprehensively delineate histone post-translational modification (PTM) profiles in ALS and PD yeast proteinopathy models. Remarkably, we find distinct changes in histone modification profiles for each. We detect the most striking changes in the context of FUS aggregation: changes in several histone marks support a global decrease in gene transcription. We also detect more modest changes in histone modifications in cells overexpressing TDP-43 or α-synuclein. Our results highlight a great need for the inclusion of epigenetic mechanisms in the study of neurodegeneration. We hope our work will pave the way for the discovery of more effective therapies to treat patients suffering from ALS, PD, and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Chen
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Seth A. Bennett
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Navin Rana
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Huda Yousuf
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Mohamed Said
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Sadiqa Taaseen
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Natalie Mendo
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Steven M. Meltser
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Mariana P. Torrente
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Biology, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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161
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Yugi K, Kuroda S. Metabolism as a signal generator across trans-omic networks at distinct time scales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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162
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Strahan RC, Hiura KS, Verma ASC. Quantifying Symmetrically Methylated H4R3 on the Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) Genome by ChIP-Seq. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2781. [PMID: 34179294 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications to histone tails contribute to the three-dimensional structure of chromatin and play an important role in detegrmining the relative expression of nearby genes. One such modification is symmetric di-methylation of arginine residues, which may exhibit different effects on gene expression including blocking the binding of transcriptional activators, or recruiting repressive effector molecules. Recent ChIP-Seq studies have demonstrated the importance of cross-talk between different histone modifications in gene regulation. Thus, to acquire a comprehensive understanding of the combined efforts of these epigenetic marks, ChIP-Seq must be utilized for identifying specific enrichment on the chromatin. Tumorigenic herpesvirus KSHV, employs epigenetic mechanisms for gene regulation, and by evaluating relative abundance of multiple histone modifications in a thorough, unbiased way, using ChIP-Seq, we can get a superior insight concerning the complex mechanisms of viral replication and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne C Strahan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Kayla S Hiura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - And Subhash C Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
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163
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Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are crucial epigenetic regulators in eukaryotic organisms that serve as histone writers for chromatin remodeling. PRMTs also methylate a variety of non-histone protein substrates to modulate their function and activity. The development of potent PRMT inhibitors has become an emerging and imperative research area in the drug discovery field to provide novel therapeutic agents for treating diseases and as tools to investigate the biological functions of PRMTs. PRMT1 is the major type I enzyme that catalyzes the formation of asymmetric dimethyl arginine, and PRMT1 plays important regulatory roles in signal transduction, transcriptional activation, RNA splicing, and DNA repair. Aberrant expression of PRMT1 is found in many types of cancers, pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and renal diseases. PRMT1 is a highly promising target for therapeutic development. We created a stopped flow fluorescence-based assay for PRMT1 inhibitor detection and characterization that has the advantages of being homogeneous, nonradioactive, and mix-and-measure in nature, allowing for continuous measurement of the methylation reaction and its inhibition. To our knowledge, this is the first continuous assay for PRMT1 reaction detection and inhibitor characterization. The approach is not only capable of quantitatively determining the potency (IC50) of PRMT1 inhibitors but can also distinguish cofactor-competitive inhibitors, substrate-competitive inhibitors, and mixed-type inhibitors.
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164
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Abstract
Protein arginine methyl transferase 5 (PRMT5) is a signaling protein and histone modifying enzyme that is important in many cellular processes, including regulation of eukaryotic gene transcription. Reported here is a 3.7 Å structure of PRMT5, solved in complex with regulatory binding subunit MEP50 (methylosome associated protein 50, WDR77, p44), by single particle (SP) cryo-Electron Microscopy (cryo-EM) using micrographs of particles that are visibly crowded and aggregated. Despite suboptimal micrograph appearance, this cryo-EM structure is in good agreement with previously reported crystal structures of the complex, which revealed a 450 kDa hetero-octameric assembly having internal D2 symmetry. The catalytic PRMT5 subunits form a core tetramer and the MEP50 subunits are arranged peripherally in complex with the PRMT5 N-terminal domain. The cryo-EM reconstruction shows good side chain definition and shows a well-resolved peak for a bound dehydrosinefungin inhibitor molecule. These results demonstrate the applicability of cryo-EM in determining structures of human protein complexes of biomedical significance and suggests cryo-EM could be further utilized to understand PRMT5 interactions with other biologically important binding proteins and ligands.
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165
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Zakrzewicz D, Didiasova M, Krüger M, Giaimo BD, Borggrefe T, Mieth M, Hocke AC, Zakrzewicz A, Schaefer L, Preissner KT, Wygrecka M. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 mediates enolase-1 cell surface trafficking in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1816-1827. [PMID: 29501774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enolase-1-dependent cell surface proteolysis plays an important role in cell invasion. Although enolase-1 (Eno-1), a glycolytic enzyme, has been found on the surface of various cells, the mechanism responsible for its exteriorization remains elusive. Here, we investigated the involvement of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Eno-1 in its lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered trafficking to the cell surface. RESULTS We found that stimulation of human lung adenocarcinoma cells with LPS triggered the monomethylation of arginine 50 (R50me) within Eno-1. The Eno-1R50me was confirmed by its interaction with the tudor domain (TD) from TD-containing 3 (TDRD3) protein recognizing methylarginines. Substitution of R50 with lysine (R50K) reduced Eno-1 association with epithelial caveolar domains, thereby diminishing its exteriorization. Similar effects were observed when pharmacological inhibitors of arginine methyltransferases were applied. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) was identified to be responsible for Eno-1 methylation. Overexpression of PRMT5 and caveolin-1 enhanced levels of membrane-bound extracellular Eno-1 and, conversely, pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 attenuated Eno-1 cell-surface localization. Importantly, Eno-1R50me was essential for cancer cell motility since the replacement of Eno-1 R50 by lysine or the suppression of PRMT 5 activity diminished Eno-1-triggered cell invasion. CONCLUSIONS LPS-triggered Eno-1R50me enhances Eno-1 cell surface levels and thus potentiates the invasive properties of cancer cells. Strategies to target Eno-1R50me may offer novel therapeutic approaches to attenuate tumor metastasis in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Zakrzewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Miroslava Didiasova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Benedetto Daniele Giaimo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Tilman Borggrefe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Maren Mieth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Zakrzewicz
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Feulgenstrasse 10-12, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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166
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Specific Recognition of Arginine Methylated Histone Tails by JMJD5 and JMJD7. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3275. [PMID: 29459673 PMCID: PMC5818494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have reported that JMJD5 and JMJD7 (JMJD5/7) are responsible for the clipping of arginine methylated histone tails to generate "tailless nucleosomes", which could release the pausing RNA polymerase II (Pol II) into productive transcription elongation. JMJD5/7 function as endopeptidases that cleave histone tails specifically adjacent to methylated arginine residues and continue to degrade N-terminal residues of histones via their aminopeptidase activity. Here, we report structural and biochemical studies on JMJD5/7 to understand the basis of substrate recognition and catalysis mechanism by this JmjC subfamily. Recognition between these enzymes and histone substrates is specific, which is reflected by the binding data between enzymes and substrates. High structural similarity between JMJD5 and JMJD7 is reflected by the shared common substrates and high binding affinity. However, JMJD5 does not bind to arginine methylated histone tails with additional lysine acetylation while JMJD7 does not bind to arginine methylated histone tails with additional lysine methylation. Furthermore, the complex structures of JMJD5 and arginine derivatives revealed a Tudor domain-like binding pocket to accommodate the methylated sidechain of arginine, but not lysine. There also exists a glutamine close to the catalytic center, which may suggest a unique imidic acid mediated catalytic mechanism for proteolysis by JMJD5/7.
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167
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Janardhan A, Kathera C, Darsi A, Ali W, He L, Yang Y, Luo L, Guo Z. Prominent role of histone lysine demethylases in cancer epigenetics and therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34429-34448. [PMID: 30344952 PMCID: PMC6188137 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein methylation has an important role in the regulation of chromatin, gene expression and regulation. The protein methyl transferases are genetically altered in various human cancers. The enzymes that remove histone methylation have led to increased awareness of protein interactions as potential drug targets. Specifically, Lysine Specific Demethylases (LSD) removes methylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) through formaldehyde-generating oxidation. It has been reported that LSD1 and its downstream targets are involved in tumor-cell growth and metastasis. Functional studies of LSD1 indicate that it regulates activation and inhibition of gene transcription in the nucleus. Here we made a discussion about the summary of histone lysine demethylase and their functions in various human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avilala Janardhan
- The No. 7 People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chandrasekhar Kathera
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Amrutha Darsi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wajid Ali
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingfeng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- The No. 7 People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Libo Luo
- The No. 7 People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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168
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Protein arginine methyltransferase expression and activity during myogenesis. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171533. [PMID: 29208765 PMCID: PMC6435512 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the emerging importance of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) in regulating skeletal muscle plasticity, PRMT biology during muscle development is complex and not completely understood. Therefore, our purpose was to investigate PRMT1, -4, and -5 expression and function in skeletal muscle cells during the phenotypic remodeling elicited by myogenesis. C2C12 muscle cell maturation, assessed during the myoblast (MB) stage, and during days 1, 3, 5, and 7 of differentiation, was employed as an in vitro model of myogenesis. We observed PRMT-specific patterns of expression and activity during myogenesis. PRMT4 and -5 gene expression was unchanged, while PRMT1 mRNA and protein content were significantly induced. Cellular monomethylarginines (MMAs) and symmetric dimethylarginines (SDMAs), indicative of global and type II PRMT activities, respectively, remained steady during development, while type I PRMT activity indicator asymmetric dimethylarginines (ADMAs) increased through myogenesis. Histone 4 arginine 3 (H4R3) and H3R17 contents were elevated coincident with the myonuclear accumulation of PRMT1 and -4. Collectively, this suggests that PRMTs are methyl donors throughout myogenesis and demonstrate specificity for their protein targets. Cells were then treated with TC-E 5003 (TC-E), a selective inhibitor of PRMT1 in order to specifically examine the enzymes role during myogenic differentiation. TC-E treated cells exhibited decrements in muscle differentiation, which were consistent with attenuated mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory function. In summary, the present study increases our understanding of PRMT1, -4, and -5 biology during the plasticity of skeletal muscle development. Our results provide evidence for a role of PRMT1, via a mitochondrially mediated mechanism, in driving the muscle differentiation program.
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169
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Chiang K, Zielinska AE, Shaaban AM, Sanchez-Bailon MP, Jarrold J, Clarke TL, Zhang J, Francis A, Jones LJ, Smith S, Barbash O, Guccione E, Farnie G, Smalley MJ, Davies CC. PRMT5 Is a Critical Regulator of Breast Cancer Stem Cell Function via Histone Methylation and FOXP1 Expression. Cell Rep 2017; 21:3498-3513. [PMID: 29262329 PMCID: PMC5746596 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer progression, treatment resistance, and relapse are thought to originate from a small population of tumor cells, breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Identification of factors critical for BCSC function is therefore vital for the development of therapies. Here, we identify the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 as a key in vitro and in vivo regulator of BCSC proliferation and self-renewal and establish FOXP1, a winged helix/forkhead transcription factor, as a critical effector of PRMT5-induced BCSC function. Mechanistically, PRMT5 recruitment to the FOXP1 promoter facilitates H3R2me2s, SET1 recruitment, H3K4me3, and gene expression. Our findings are clinically significant, as PRMT5 depletion within established tumor xenografts or treatment of patient-derived BCSCs with a pre-clinical PRMT5 inhibitor substantially reduces BCSC numbers. Together, our findings highlight the importance of PRMT5 in BCSC maintenance and suggest that small-molecule inhibitors of PRMT5 or downstream targets could be an effective strategy eliminating this cancer-causing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Chiang
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Agnieszka E Zielinska
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Abeer M Shaaban
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - Maria Pilar Sanchez-Bailon
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - James Jarrold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Thomas L Clarke
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos Building #3-06, 138673 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adele Francis
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - Louise J Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, A Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sally Smith
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, A Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Olena Barbash
- Cancer Epigenetics DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos Building #3-06, 138673 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Oncological Sciences and Pharmacological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gillian Farnie
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Matthew J Smalley
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Clare C Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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170
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More than a powerplant: the influence of mitochondrial transfer on the epigenome. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 3:16-24. [PMID: 29750205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Each cell in the human body, with the exception of red blood cells, contains multiple copies of mitochondria that house their own genetic material, the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondria are the cell's powerplant due to their massive ATP generation. However, the mitochondrion is also a hub for metabolite production from the TCA cycle, fatty acid beta-oxidation, and ketogenesis. In addition to producing macromolecules for biosynthetic reactions and cell replication, several mitochondrial intermediate metabolites serve as cofactors or substrates for epigenome modifying enzymes that regulate chromatin structure and impact gene expression. Here, we discuss connections between mitochondrial metabolites and enzymatic writers and erasers of chromatin modifications. We do this from the unique perspective of cell-to-cell mitochondrial transfer and its potential impact on mitochondrial replacement therapies.
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171
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Piao L, Nakakido M, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Nakamura Y, Hamamoto R. Automethylation of SUV39H2, an oncogenic histone lysine methyltransferase, regulates its binding affinity to substrate proteins. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22846-56. [PMID: 26988914 PMCID: PMC5008405 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the histone lysine methyltransferase SUV39H2, which is overexpressed in various types of human cancer, plays a critical role in the DNA repair after double strand breakage, and possesses oncogenic activity. Although its biological significance in tumorigenesis has been elucidated, the regulatory mechanism of SUV39H2 activity through post-translational modification is not well known. In this study, we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo automethylation of SUV39H2 at lysine 392. Automethylation of SUV39H2 led to impairment of its binding affinity to substrate proteins such as histone H3 and LSD1. Furthermore, we observed that hyper-automethylated SUV39H2 reduced methylation activities to substrates through affecting the binding affinity to substrate proteins. Our finding unveils a novel autoregulatory mechanism of SUV39H2 through lysine automethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Piao
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Makoto Nakakido
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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172
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Rengasamy M, Zhang F, Vashisht A, Song WM, Aguilo F, Sun Y, Li S, Zhang W, Zhang B, Wohlschlegel JA, Walsh MJ. The PRMT5/WDR77 complex regulates alternative splicing through ZNF326 in breast cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:11106-11120. [PMID: 28977470 PMCID: PMC5737218 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We observed overexpression and increased intra-nuclear accumulation of the PRMT5/WDR77 in breast cancer cell lines relative to immortalized breast epithelial cells. Utilizing mass spectrometry and biochemistry approaches we identified the Zn-finger protein ZNF326, as a novel interaction partner and substrate of the nuclear PRMT5/WDR77 complex. ZNF326 is symmetrically dimethylated at arginine 175 (R175) and this modification is lost in a PRMT5 and WDR77-dependent manner. Loss of PRMT5 or WDR77 in MDA-MB-231 cells leads to defects in alternative splicing, including inclusion of A-T rich exons in target genes, a phenomenon that has previously been observed upon loss of ZNF326. We observed that the alternatively spliced transcripts of a subset of these genes, involved in proliferation and tumor cell migration like REPIN1/AP4, ST3GAL6, TRNAU1AP and PFKM are degraded upon loss of PRMT5. In summary, we have identified a novel mechanism through which the PRMT5/WDR77 complex maintains the balance between splicing and mRNA stability through methylation of ZNF326.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumitha Rengasamy
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Ajay Vashisht
- Departmentof Biological Chemistry and the Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Won-Min Song
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Francesca Aguilo
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, University of Umeå, Försörjningsvägen 19073, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Mount Sinai Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - SiDe Li
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Mount Sinai Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - James A Wohlschlegel
- Departmentof Biological Chemistry and the Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Martin J Walsh
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Mount Sinai Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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173
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Interaction assessments of the first S-adenosylmethionine competitive inhibitor and the essential interacting partner methylosome protein 50 with protein arginine methyltransferase 5 by combined computational methods. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:721-727. [PMID: 29154828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is the most promising anticancer target in PRMT family. In this study, based on the first S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) competitive small molecule inhibitor (17, compound number is from original paper) of PRMT5 reported in our recent paper, we determined the molecular mechanism of 17 interacting with PRMT5 by computational methods. Previously reported CMP5 was also thought of as a SAM competitive inhibitor of PRMT5, but the direct inhibition activity against PRMT5 at enzymatic level was not provided. Therefore, we tested the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of CMP5 against PRMT5 at enzymatic level for the purpose of summarizing the interaction characteristics of SAM binding site inhibitors with PRMT5. Additionally, as the essential interacting partner of PRMT5, the binding attributes of the WD-repeat-containing protein MEP50 (methylosome protein 50) was investigated, and nine key residues that contribute most to PRMT5:MEP50 interaction were identified. These results could be helpful in discovering new potent and specific inhibitors of PRMT5, as well as in designing mutant residue assay to modulate the catalytic activity of PRMT5.
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174
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Pravenec M, Saba LM, Zídek V, Landa V, Mlejnek P, Šilhavý J, Šimáková M, Strnad H, Trnovská J, Škop V, Hüttl M, Marková I, Oliyarnyk O, Malínská H, Kazdová L, Smith H, Tabakoff B. Systems genetic analysis of brown adipose tissue function. Physiol Genomics 2017; 50:52-66. [PMID: 29127223 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00091.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been suggested to play an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism in rodents and possibly also in humans. In the current study, we used genetic and correlation analyses in the BXH/HXB recombinant inbred (RI) strains, derived from Brown Norway (BN) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), to identify genetic determinants of BAT function. Linkage analyses revealed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with interscapular BAT mass on chromosome 4 and two closely linked QTLs associated with glucose oxidation and glucose incorporation into BAT lipids on chromosome 2. Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) we identified 1,147 gene coexpression modules in the BAT from BXH/HXB rats and mapped their module eigengene QTLs. Through an unsupervised analysis, we identified modules related to BAT relative mass and function. The Coral4.1 coexpression module is associated with BAT relative mass (includes Cd36 highly connected gene), and the Darkseagreen coexpression module is associated with glucose incorporation into BAT lipids (includes Hiat1, Fmo5, and Sort1 highly connected transcripts). Because multiple statistical criteria were used to identify candidate modules, significance thresholds for individual tests were not adjusted for multiple comparisons across modules. In summary, a systems genetic analysis using genomic and quantitative transcriptomic and physiological information has produced confirmation of several known genetic factors and significant insight into novel genetic components functioning in BAT and possibly contributing to traits characteristic of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Laura M Saba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Václav Zídek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Landa
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mlejnek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šilhavý
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Šimáková
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Trnovská
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Škop
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Marková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Malínská
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdová
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Harry Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Boris Tabakoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
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175
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Boehm D, Ott M. Host Methyltransferases and Demethylases: Potential New Epigenetic Targets for HIV Cure Strategies and Beyond. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:S8-S22. [PMID: 29140109 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful HIV cure strategy may require reversing HIV latency to purge hidden viral reservoirs or enhancing HIV latency to permanently silence HIV transcription. Epigenetic modifying agents show promise as antilatency therapeutics in vitro and ex vivo, but also affect other steps in the viral life cycle. In this review, we summarize what we know about cellular DNA and protein methyltransferases (PMTs) as well as demethylases involved in HIV infection. We describe the biology and function of DNA methyltransferases, and their controversial role in HIV infection. We further explain the biology of PMTs and their effects on lysine and arginine methylation of histone and nonhistone proteins. We end with a focus on protein demethylases, their unique modes of action and their emerging influence on HIV infection. An outlook on the use of methylation-modifying agents in investigational HIV cure strategies is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Boehm
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
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176
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Wang C, Jiang H, Jin J, Xie Y, Chen Z, Zhang H, Lian F, Liu YC, Zhang C, Ding H, Chen S, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Chen K, Ye F, Yao Z, Luo C. Development of Potent Type I Protein Arginine Methyltransferase (PRMT) Inhibitors of Leukemia Cell Proliferation. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8888-8905. [PMID: 29019697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein Arginine Methyltransferases (PRMTs) are crucial players in diverse biological processes, and dysregulation of PRMTs has been linked to various human diseases, especially cancer. Therefore, small molecules targeting PRMTs have profound impact for both academic functional studies and clinical disease treatment. Here, we report the discovery of N1-(2-((2-chlorophenyl)thio)benzyl)-N1-methylethane-1,2-diamine (28d, DCPR049_12), a highly potent inhibitor of type I PRMTs that has good selectivity against a panel of other methyltransferases. Compound 28d effectively inhibits cell proliferation in several leukemia cell lines and reduces the cellular asymmetric arginine dimethylation levels. Serving as an effective inhibitor, 28d demonstrates the mechanism of cell killing in both cell cycle arrest and apoptotic effect as well as downregulation of the pivotal mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion target genes such as HOXA9 and MEIS1, which reflects the critical roles of type I PRMTs in MLL leukemia. These studies present 28d as a valuable inhibitor to investigate the role of type I PRMTs in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, China.,Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yiqian Xie
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University , 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fulin Lian
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Chih Liu
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co., Ltd. , #5 Building, 998, Halei Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chenhua Zhang
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co., Ltd. , #5 Building, 998, Halei Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shijie Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Naixia Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University , 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fei Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhiyi Yao
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology , Shanghai 210032, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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177
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Abstract
PRMT5 catalyzes the mono- and symmetric dimethylation of the arginine N-guanidine group of a wide variety of target proteins including histones, transcriptional elongation factors, kinases and tumor suppressors by utilizing the essential co-factor S-adenosylmethionine as methyl source. PRMT5 overexpression has been linked to the progression of various diseases, including cancer, and is oftentimes associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore, PRMT5 is promoted as a valuable target for drug discovery approaches and was a subject matter in recent endeavors aiming for the development of specific PRMT5 inhibitors. This review will embrace the significance of PRMT5 as therapeutic target with respect to its molecular interdependencies in disease states as well as its implication in drug development approaches.
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178
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Kumar B, Yadav A, Brown NV, Zhao S, Cipolla MJ, Wakely PE, Schmitt AC, Baiocchi RA, Teknos TN, Old M, Kumar P. Nuclear PRMT5, cyclin D1 and IL-6 are associated with poor outcome in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and is inversely associated with p16-status. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14847-14859. [PMID: 28107179 PMCID: PMC5362449 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase-5 (PRMT5) plays an important role in cancer progression by repressing the expression of key tumor suppressor genes via the methylation of transcriptional factors and chromatin-associated proteins. However, very little is known about the expression and biological role of PRMT5 in head and neck cancer. In this study, we examined expression profile of PRMT5 at subcellular levels in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and assessed its correlation with disease progression and patient outcome. Our results show that nuclear PRMT5 was associated with poor overall survival (p < 0.012) and these patients had 1.732 times higher hazard of death (95% CI: 1.127–2.661) as compared to patients in whom PRMT5 was not present in the nucleus of the tumors. Nuclear PRMT5 expression was inversely correlated with p16-status (p < 0.001) and was significantly higher in tumor samples from patients who smoked > 10 pack-years (p = 0.013). In addition, nuclear PRMT5 was directly correlated with cyclin D1 (p = 0.0101) and IL-6 expression (p < 0.001). In a subgroup survival analysis, nuclear PRMT5-positive/IL-6-positive group had worst survival, whereas nuclear PRMT5-negative/IL-6-negative group had the best survival. Similarly, patients with p16-negative/nuclear PRMT5-positive tumors had worse survival compared to patients with p16-positive/nuclear PRMT5-negative tumors. Our mechanistic results suggest that IL-6 promotes nuclear translocation of PRMT5. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that nuclear PRMT5 expression is associated with poor clinical outcome in OPSCC patients and IL-6 plays a role in the nuclear translocation of PRMT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Arti Yadav
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicole V Brown
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Songzhu Zhao
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael J Cipolla
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Paul E Wakely
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Alessandra C Schmitt
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Robert A Baiocchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Theodoros N Teknos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Matthew Old
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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179
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Design and synthesis of novel PRMT1 inhibitors and investigation of their binding preferences using molecular modelling. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4635-4642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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180
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Histone H3 Methylated at Arginine 17 Is Essential for Reprogramming the Paternal Genome in Zygotes. Cell Rep 2017; 20:2756-2765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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181
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Wesche J, Kühn S, Kessler BM, Salton M, Wolf A. Protein arginine methylation: a prominent modification and its demethylation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3305-3315. [PMID: 28364192 PMCID: PMC11107486 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Arginine methylation of histones is one mechanism of epigenetic regulation in eukaryotic cells. Methylarginines can also be found in non-histone proteins involved in various different processes in a cell. An enzyme family of nine protein arginine methyltransferases catalyses the addition of methyl groups on arginines of histone and non-histone proteins, resulting in either mono- or dimethylated-arginine residues. The reversibility of histone modifications is an essential feature of epigenetic regulation to respond to changes in environmental factors, signalling events, or metabolic alterations. Prominent histone modifications like lysine acetylation and lysine methylation are reversible. Enzyme family pairs have been identified, with each pair of lysine acetyltransferases/deacetylases and lysine methyltransferases/demethylases operating complementarily to generate or erase lysine modifications. Several analyses also indicate a reversible nature of arginine methylation, but the enzymes facilitating direct removal of methyl moieties from arginine residues in proteins have been discussed controversially. Differing reports have been seen for initially characterized putative candidates, like peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 or Jumonji-domain containing protein 6. Here, we review the most recent cellular, biochemical, and mass spectrometry work on arginine methylation and its reversible nature with a special focus on putative arginine demethylases, including the enzyme superfamily of Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juste Wesche
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Kühn
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Maayan Salton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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182
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Abstract
Two of the unsolved, important questions about epigenetics are: do histone arginine demethylases exist, and is the removal of histone tails by proteolysis a major epigenetic modification process? Here, we report that two orphan Jumonji C domain (JmjC)-containing proteins, JMJD5 and JMJD7, have divalent cation-dependent protease activities that preferentially cleave the tails of histones 2, 3, or 4 containing methylated arginines. After the initial specific cleavage, JMJD5 and JMJD7, acting as aminopeptidases, progressively digest the C-terminal products. JMJD5-deficient fibroblasts exhibit dramatically increased levels of methylated arginines and histones. Furthermore, depletion of JMJD7 in breast cancer cells greatly decreases cell proliferation. The protease activities of JMJD5 and JMJD7 represent a mechanism for removal of histone tails bearing methylated arginine residues and define a potential mechanism of transcription regulation.
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183
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Yi P, Wang Z, Feng Q, Chou CK, Pintilie GD, Shen H, Foulds CE, Fan G, Serysheva I, Ludtke SJ, Schmid MF, Hung MC, Chiu W, O'Malley BW. Structural and Functional Impacts of ER Coactivator Sequential Recruitment. Mol Cell 2017; 67:733-743.e4. [PMID: 28844863 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors recruit multiple coactivators sequentially to activate transcription. This "ordered" recruitment allows different coactivator activities to engage the nuclear receptor complex at different steps of transcription. Estrogen receptor (ER) recruits steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) primary coactivator and secondary coactivators, p300/CBP and CARM1. CARM1 recruitment lags behind the binding of SRC-3 and p300 to ER. Combining cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure analysis and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that there is a close crosstalk between early- and late-recruited coactivators. The sequential recruitment of CARM1 not only adds a protein arginine methyltransferase activity to the ER-coactivator complex, it also alters the structural organization of the pre-existing ERE/ERα/SRC-3/p300 complex. It induces a p300 conformational change and significantly increases p300 HAT activity on histone H3K18 residues, which, in turn, promotes CARM1 methylation activity on H3R17 residues to enhance transcriptional activity. This study reveals a structural role for a coactivator sequential recruitment and biochemical process in ER-mediated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhao Wang
- National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qin Feng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chao-Kai Chou
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Grigore D Pintilie
- National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Charles E Foulds
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guizhen Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Irina Serysheva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven J Ludtke
- National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael F Schmid
- National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wah Chiu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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184
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Abstract
The physiological identity of every cell is maintained by highly specific transcriptional networks that establish a coherent molecular program that is in tune with nutritional conditions. The regulation of cell-specific transcriptional networks is accomplished by an epigenetic program via chromatin-modifying enzymes, whose activity is directly dependent on metabolites such as acetyl-coenzyme A, S-adenosylmethionine, and NAD+, among others. Therefore, these nuclear activities are directly influenced by the nutritional status of the cell. In addition to nutritional availability, this highly collaborative program between epigenetic dynamics and metabolism is further interconnected with other environmental cues provided by the day-night cycles imposed by circadian rhythms. Herein, we review molecular pathways and their metabolites associated with epigenetic adaptations modulated by histone- and DNA-modifying enzymes and their responsiveness to the environment in the context of health and disease.
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185
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Ayoubian H, Fröhlich T, Pogodski D, Flatley A, Kremmer E, Schepers A, Feederle R, Arnold GJ, Grässer FA. Antibodies against the mono-methylated arginine-glycine repeat (MMA-RG) of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) identify potential cellular proteins targeted in viral transformation. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2128-2142. [PMID: 28758620 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus is a human herpes virus with oncogenic potential. The virus-encoded nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) is a key mediator of viral tumorigenesis. EBNA2 features an arginine-glycine (RG) repeat at amino acids (aa)339-354 that is essential for the transformation of lymphocytes and contains symmetrically (SDMA) and asymmetrically (ADMA) di-methylated arginine residues. The SDMA-modified EBNA2 binds the survival motor neuron protein (SMN), thus mimicking SMD3, a cellular SDMA-containing protein that interacts with SMN. Accordingly, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for the SDMA-modified RG repeat of EBNA2 also binds to SMD3. With the novel mAb 19D4 we now show that EBNA2 contains mono-methylated arginine (MMA) residues within the RG repeat. Using 19D4, we immune-precipitated and analysed by mass spectrometry cellular proteins in EBV-transformed B-cells that feature MMA motifs that are similar to the one in EBNA2. Among the cellular proteins identified, we confirmed by immunoprecipitation and/or Western blot analyses Aly/REF, Coilin, DDX5, FXR1, HNRNPK, LSM4, MRE11, NRIP, nucleolin, PRPF8, RBM26, SMD1 (SNRDP1) and THRAP3 proteins that are either known to contain MMA residues or feature RG repeat sequences that probably serve as methylation substrates. The identified proteins are involved in splicing, tumorigenesis, transcriptional activation, DNA stability and RNA processing or export. Furthermore, we found that several proteins involved in energy metabolism are associated with MMA-modified proteins. Interestingly, the viral EBNA1 protein that features methylated RG repeat motifs also reacted with the antibodies. Our results indicate that the region between aa 34-52 of EBNA1 contains ADMA or SDMA residues, while the region between aa 328-377 mainly contains MMA residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiresh Ayoubian
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, Kirrbergerstrasse, Haus 47, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Dagmar Pogodski
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, Kirrbergerstrasse, Haus 47, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andrew Flatley
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Aloys Schepers
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Georg J Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich A Grässer
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, Kirrbergerstrasse, Haus 47, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
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186
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He Y, Bao B, Li H. Using zebrafish as a model to study the role of epigenetics in hearing loss. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:967-975. [PMID: 28682135 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1340270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rapid progress of bioinformatics and high-throughput screening techniques in recent years has led to the identification of many candidate genes and small-molecule drugs that have the potential to make significant contributions to our understanding of the developmental and pathological processes of hearing, but it remains unclear how these genes and regulatory factors are coordinated. Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms are essential for establishing gene expression profiles and likely play an important role in the development of inner ear and in the pathology of hearing-associated diseases. Zebrafish are a valuable and tractable in vivo model organism for monitoring changes in the epigenome and for identifying new epigenetic processes and drug molecules that can influence vertebrate development. Areas covered: In this review, the authors focus on zebrafish as a model to summarize recent findings concerning the roles of epigenetics in the development, regeneration, and protection of hair cells. Expert opinion: Using the zebrafish model in combination with high-throughput screening and genome-editing technologies to investigate the function of epigenetics in hearing is crucial to help us better understand the molecular and genetic mechanisms of auditory development and function. It will also contribute to the development of new strategies to restore hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi He
- a ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,c Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC , Shanghai , China
| | - Beier Bao
- a ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Huawei Li
- a ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,c Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC , Shanghai , China.,d Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant , Shanghai , China.,e The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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187
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Park MJ, Han HJ, Kim DI. Lipotoxicity-Induced PRMT1 Exacerbates Mesangial Cell Apoptosis via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071421. [PMID: 28671608 PMCID: PMC5535913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity-induced mesangial cell apoptosis is implicated in the exacerbation of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) have been known to regulate a variety of biological functions. Recently, it was reported that PRMT1 expression is increased in proximal tubule cells under diabetic conditions. However, their roles in mesangial cells remain unexplored. Thus, we examined the pathophysiological roles of PRMTs in mesangial cell apoptosis. Treatment with palmitate, which mimics cellular lipotoxicity, induced mesangial cell apoptosis via protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and ATF6-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling. Palmitate treatment increased PRMT1 expression and activity in mesangial cells as well. Moreover, palmitate-induced ER stress activation and mesangial cell apoptosis was diminished by PRMT1 knockdown. In the mice study, high fat diet-induced glomerular apoptosis was attenuated in PRMT1 haploinsufficient mice. Together, these results provide evidence that lipotoxicity-induced PRMT1 expression promotes ER stress-mediated mesangial cell apoptosis. Strategies to regulate PRMT1 expression or activity could be used to prevent the exacerbation of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Park
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Life Science Institutes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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188
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Kim JH, Lee JH, Lee IS, Lee SB, Cho KS. Histone Lysine Methylation and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071404. [PMID: 28665350 PMCID: PMC5535897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylation of several lysine residues of histones is a crucial mechanism for relatively long-term regulation of genomic activity. Recent molecular biological studies have demonstrated that the function of histone methylation is more diverse and complex than previously thought. Moreover, studies using newly available genomics techniques, such as exome sequencing, have identified an increasing number of histone lysine methylation-related genes as intellectual disability-associated genes, which highlights the importance of accurate control of histone methylation during neurogenesis. However, given the functional diversity and complexity of histone methylation within the cell, the study of the molecular basis of histone methylation-related neurodevelopmental disorders is currently still in its infancy. Here, we review the latest studies that revealed the pathological implications of alterations in histone methylation status in the context of various neurodevelopmental disorders and propose possible therapeutic application of epigenetic compounds regulating histone methylation status for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Jang Ho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Im-Soon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Kyoung Sang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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189
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Hashimoto JG, Gavin DP, Wiren KM, Crabbe JC, Guizzetti M. Prefrontal cortex expression of chromatin modifier genes in male WSP and WSR mice changes across ethanol dependence, withdrawal, and abstinence. Alcohol 2017; 60:83-94. [PMID: 28433423 PMCID: PMC5497775 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-use disorder (AUD) is a relapsing disorder associated with excessive ethanol consumption. Recent studies support the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the development of AUD. Studies carried out so far have focused on a few specific epigenetic modifications. The goal of this project was to investigate gene expression changes of epigenetic regulators that mediate a broad array of chromatin modifications after chronic alcohol exposure, chronic alcohol exposure followed by 8 h withdrawal, and chronic alcohol exposure followed by 21 days of abstinence in Withdrawal-Resistant (WSR) and Withdrawal Seizure-Prone (WSP) selected mouse lines. We found that chronic vapor exposure to highly intoxicating levels of ethanol alters the expression of several chromatin remodeling genes measured by quantitative PCR array analyses. The identified effects were independent of selected lines, which, however, displayed baseline differences in epigenetic gene expression. We reported dysregulation in the expression of genes involved in histone acetylation, deacetylation, lysine and arginine methylation and ubiquitinationhylation during chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal, but not after 21 days of abstinence. Ethanol-induced changes are consistent with decreased histone acetylation and with decreased deposition of the permissive ubiquitination mark H2BK120ub, associated with reduced transcription. On the other hand, ethanol-induced changes in the expression of genes involved in histone lysine methylation are consistent with increased transcription. The net result of these modifications on gene expression is likely to depend on the combination of the specific histone tail modifications present at a given time on a given promoter. Since alcohol does not modulate gene expression unidirectionally, it is not surprising that alcohol does not unidirectionally alter chromatin structure toward a closed or open state, as suggested by the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel G Hashimoto
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road L470, Portland, OR, 97239, United States; VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, United States
| | - David P Gavin
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 South Damen Avenue (M/C 151), Chicago, IL, 60612, United States; Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Kristine M Wiren
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road L470, Portland, OR, 97239, United States; VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, United States
| | - John C Crabbe
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road L470, Portland, OR, 97239, United States; VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, United States
| | - Marina Guizzetti
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road L470, Portland, OR, 97239, United States; VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, United States.
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190
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Moon EK, Kong HH, Hong Y, Lee HA, Quan FS. Identification and Characterization of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 in Acanthamoeba castellanii. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2017; 55:109-114. [PMID: 28506031 PMCID: PMC5450952 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.2.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) is an important epigenetic regulator in eukaryotic cells. During encystation, an essential process for Acanthamoeba survival, the expression of a lot of genes involved in the encystation process has to be regulated in order to be induced or inhibited. However, the regulation mechanism of these genes is yet unknown. In this study, the full-length 1,059 bp cDNA sequence of Acanthamoeba castellanii PRMT1 (AcPRMT1) was cloned for the first time. The AcPRMT1 protein comprised of 352 amino acids with a SAM-dependent methyltransferase PRMT-type domain. The expression level of AcPRMT1 was highly increased during encystation of A. castellanii. The EGFP-AcPRMT1 fusion protein was distributed over the cytoplasm, but it was mainly localized in the nucleus of Acanthamoeba. Knock down of AcPRMT1 by synthetic siRNA with a complementary sequence failed to form mature cysts. These findings suggested that AcPRMT1 plays a critical role in the regulation of encystation of A. castellanii. The target gene of AcPRMT1 regulation and the detailed mechanisms need to be investigated by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Moon
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Kong
- Department of Parasitology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Yeonchul Hong
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hae-Ahm Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea
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191
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Matrix Metalloproteinase Gene Activation Resulting from Disordred Epigenetic Mechanisms in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050905. [PMID: 28441353 PMCID: PMC5454818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts (SFs) produce matrix-degrading enzymes, including MMPs, which facilitate cartilage destruction in the affected joints in RA. Epigenetic mechanisms contribute to change in the chromatin state, resulting in an alteration of gene transcription. Recently, MMP gene activation has been shown to be caused in RASFs by the dysregulation of epigenetic changes, such as histone modifications, DNA methylation, and microRNA (miRNA) signaling. In this paper, we review the role of MMPs in the pathogenesis of RA as well as the disordered epigenetic mechanisms regulating MMP gene activation in RASFs.
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192
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Abstract
![]()
Post-translational
modifications of histones by protein methyltransferases
(PMTs) and histone demethylases (KDMs) play an important role in the
regulation of gene expression and transcription and are implicated
in cancer and many other diseases. Many of these enzymes also target
various nonhistone proteins impacting numerous crucial biological
pathways. Given their key biological functions and implications in
human diseases, there has been a growing interest in assessing these
enzymes as potential therapeutic targets. Consequently, discovering
and developing inhibitors of these enzymes has become a very active
and fast-growing research area over the past decade. In this review,
we cover the discovery, characterization, and biological application
of inhibitors of PMTs and KDMs with emphasis on key advancements in
the field. We also discuss challenges, opportunities, and future directions
in this emerging, exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ümit Kaniskan
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Michael L Martini
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jian Jin
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
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193
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Wang W, Sidoli S, Zhang W, Wang Q, Wang L, Jensen ON, Guo L, Zhao X, Zheng L. Abnormal levels of histone methylation in the retinas of diabetic rats are reversed by minocycline treatment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45103. [PMID: 28338045 PMCID: PMC5364468 DOI: 10.1038/srep45103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we quantified the alterations of retinal histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) in diabetic rats using a liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach. Some diabetic rats were subsequently treated with minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, which has been shown to inhibit the diabetes-induced chronic inflammation in the retinas of rodents. We quantified 266 differentially modified histone peptides, including 48 out of 83 methylation marks with significantly different abundancein retinas of diabetic rats as compared to non-diabetic controls. About 67% of these marks had their relative abundance restored to non-diabetic levels after minocycline treatment. Mono- and di-methylation states of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me1/me2), markers related to DNA damage response, were found to be up-regulated in the retinas of diabetic rats and restored to control levels upon minocycline treatment. DNA damage response biomarkers showed the same pattern once quantified by western blotting. Collectively, this study indicates that alteration of some histone methylation levels is associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy in rodents, and the beneficial effect of minocycline on the retinas of diabetic rodents is partially through its ability to normalize the altered histone methylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Wenquan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Ole N Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lin Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolu Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
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194
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Myosin phosphatase and RhoA-activated kinase modulate arginine methylation by the regulation of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40590. [PMID: 28074910 PMCID: PMC5225440 DOI: 10.1038/srep40590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin phosphatase (MP) holoenzyme is a protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) type Ser/Thr specific enzyme that consists of a PP1 catalytic (PP1c) and a myosin phosphatase target subunit-1 (MYPT1). MYPT1 is an ubiquitously expressed isoform and it targets PP1c to its substrates. We identified the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) enzyme of the methylosome complex as a MYPT1-binding protein uncovering the nuclear MYPT1-interactome of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. It is shown that PRMT5 is regulated by phosphorylation at Thr80 by RhoA-associated protein kinase and MP. Silencing of MYPT1 increased the level of the PRMT5-specific symmetric dimethylation on arginine residues of histone 2 A/4, a repressing gene expression mark, and it resulted in a global change in the expression of genes affecting cellular processes like growth, proliferation and cell death, also affecting the expression of the retinoblastoma protein and c-Myc. The phosphorylation of the MP inhibitory MYPT1T850 and the regulatory PRMT5T80 residues as well as the symmetric dimethylation of H2A/4 were elevated in human hepatocellular carcinoma and in other types of cancers. These changes correlated positively with the grade and state of the tumors. Our results suggest the tumor suppressor role of MP via inhibition of PRMT5 thereby regulating gene expression through histone arginine dimethylation.
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195
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Zeeshan M, Kaur I, Joy J, Saini E, Paul G, Kaushik A, Dabral S, Mohmmed A, Gupta D, Malhotra P. Proteomic Identification and Analysis of Arginine-Methylated Proteins of Plasmodium falciparum at Asexual Blood Stages. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:368-383. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zeeshan
- Malaria
Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Translational
Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Malaria
Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Joseph Joy
- Translational
Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ekta Saini
- Malaria
Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Gourab Paul
- Malaria
Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Surbhi Dabral
- Malaria
Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Asif Mohmmed
- Parasite
Cell Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Translational
Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pawan Malhotra
- Malaria
Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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196
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The Histone Modification Code in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:2608605. [PMID: 28127155 PMCID: PMC5239974 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2608605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders caused by a loss of self-tolerance, which is characterized by the appearance of autoantibodies and/or autoreactive lymphocytes and the impaired suppressive function of regulatory T cells. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is extremely complex and remains largely unknown. Recent advances indicate that environmental factors trigger autoimmune diseases in genetically predisposed individuals. In addition, accumulating results have indicated a potential role of epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modifications, in the development of autoimmune diseases. Histone modifications regulate the chromatin states and gene transcription without any change in the DNA sequence, possibly resulting in phenotype alteration in several different cell types. In this paper, we discuss the significant roles of histone modifications involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and type 1 diabetes.
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197
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Huang T, Lin C, Zhong LLD, Zhao L, Zhang G, Lu A, Wu J, Bian Z. Targeting histone methylation for colorectal cancer. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2017; 10:114-131. [PMID: 28286564 PMCID: PMC5330608 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x16671287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) results from accumulation of both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Disruption of epigenetic regulation in CRC, particularly aberrant histone methylation mediated by histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and demethylases (HDMs), have drawn increasing interest in recent years. In this paper, we aim to review the roles of histone methylation and associated enzymes in the pathogenesis of CRC, and the development of small-molecule modulators to regulate histone methylation for treating CRC. Multiple levels of evidence suggest that aberrant histone methylations play important roles in CRC. More than 20 histone-methylation enzymes are found to be clinically relevant to CRC, including 17 oncoproteins and 8 tumor suppressors. Inhibitors of EZH2 and DOT1L have demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in preclinical CRC treatment. Potent and selective chemical probes of histone-methylation enzymes are required for validation of their functional roles in carcinogenesis and clinical translations as CRC therapies. With EZH2 inhibitor EPZ-6438 entering into phase I/II trials for advanced solid tumors, histone methylation is emerging as a promising target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Lab of Brain–Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Lin
- Lab of Brain–Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Linda L. D. Zhong
- Lab of Brain–Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Lab of Brain–Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Lab of Brain–Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Lab of Brain–Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
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198
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Villota-Salazar NA, Mendoza-Mendoza A, González-Prieto JM. Epigenetics: from the past to the present. FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2016.1249033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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199
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Hu H, Luo C, Zheng YG. Transient Kinetics Define a Complete Kinetic Model for Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26722-26738. [PMID: 27834681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.757625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are the enzymes responsible for posttranslational methylation of protein arginine residues in eukaryotic cells, particularly within the histone tails. A detailed mechanistic model of PRMT-catalyzed methylation is currently lacking, but it is essential for understanding the functions of PRMTs in various cellular pathways and for efficient design of PRMT inhibitors as potential treatments for a range of human diseases. In this work, we used stopped-flow fluorescence in combination with global kinetic simulation to dissect the transient kinetics of PRMT1, the predominant type I arginine methyltransferase. Several important mechanistic insights were revealed. The cofactor and the peptide substrate bound to PRMT1 in a random manner and then followed a kinetically preferred pathway to generate the catalytic enzyme-cofactor-substrate ternary complex. Product release proceeded in an ordered fashion, with peptide dissociation followed by release of the byproduct S-adenosylhomocysteine. Importantly, the dissociation rate of the monomethylated intermediate from the ternary complex was much faster than the methyl transfer. Such a result provided direct evidence for distributive arginine dimethylation, which means the monomethylated substrate has to be released to solution and rebind with PRMT1 before it undergoes further methylation. In addition, cofactor binding involved a conformational transition, likely an open-to-closed conversion of the active site pocket. Further, the histone H4 peptide bound to the two active sites of the PRMT1 homodimer with differential affinities, suggesting a negative cooperativity mechanism of substrate binding. These findings provide a new mechanistic understanding of how PRMTs interact with their substrates and transfer methyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 and
| | - Cheng Luo
- the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Y George Zheng
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 and
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200
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Norrie JL, Li Q, Co S, Huang BL, Ding D, Uy JC, Ji Z, Mackem S, Bedford MT, Galli A, Ji H, Vokes SA. PRMT5 is essential for the maintenance of chondrogenic progenitor cells in the limb bud. Development 2016; 143:4608-4619. [PMID: 27827819 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development, undifferentiated progenitor cells balance the generation of additional progenitor cells with differentiation. Within the developing limb, cartilage cells differentiate from mesodermal progenitors in an ordered process that results in the specification of the correct number of appropriately sized skeletal elements. The internal pathways by which these cells maintain an undifferentiated state while preserving their capacity to differentiate is unknown. Here, we report that the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 has a crucial role in maintaining progenitor cells. Mouse embryonic buds lacking PRMT5 have severely truncated bones with wispy digits lacking joints. This novel phenotype is caused by widespread cell death that includes mesodermal progenitor cells that have begun to precociously differentiate into cartilage cells. We propose that PRMT5 maintains progenitor cells through its regulation of Bmp4 Intriguingly, adult and embryonic stem cells also require PRMT5 for maintaining pluripotency, suggesting that similar mechanisms might regulate lineage-restricted progenitor cells during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L Norrie
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Swanie Co
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Bau-Lin Huang
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, CCR, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room E3638, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jann C Uy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zhicheng Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room E3638, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Susan Mackem
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, CCR, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1808 Park Road 1C (P.O. Box 389), Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Antonella Galli
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room E3638, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Steven A Vokes
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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