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Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) affects approximately 2% of U.S. adults and is the most costly mental health condition for commercial insurers nationwide. Rates of BD are elevated among persons with depression, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders-conditions frequently seen by primary care clinicians. In addition, antidepressants can precipitate manic or hypomanic symptoms or rapid cycling in persons with undiagnosed BD. Thus, screening in these high-risk groups is indicated. Effective treatments exist, and many can be safely and effectively administered by primary care clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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152
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McCutchen C, Hyland P, Shevlin M, Cloitre M. The occurrence and co-occurrence of ACEs and their relationship to mental health in the United States and Ireland. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 129:105681. [PMID: 35643057 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have various deleterious effects on mental health but few studies have been conducted in Ireland. OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to determine if there were significant differences in occurrences of ACEs in U.S. and Irish adults. We also sought to determine if there were unique associations between individual and multiple ACE events and mental health. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Preexisting nationally representative adult samples from the U.S. (n = 1893) and Ireland (n = 1020) were utilized for analysis. METHOD To determine if there were significant differences in the occurrence of specific ACE events and the mean number of ACEs experienced by U.S. and Irish adults, chi-square difference tests and an independent samples t-test were used, respectively. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the unique associations between ACE events and major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and Complex PTSD (CPTSD). Nationality, sex, age, and educational level were included as covariates and adjusted odds ratios are reported. RESULTS Irish respondents had a higher rate of ACEs, were more likely to experience specific ACEs, and to meet diagnostic requirements for MDD, GAD, and CPTSD than U.S. RESPONDENTS Emotional neglect was more strongly related to mental health than all other ACEs, and there was an exceptionally strong dose-response association between ACEs and CPTSD. CONCLUSIONS ACEs seem to be more common in Ireland than the U.S., and efforts to minimize exposure to ACEs through public policies may lead to beneficial mental health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Hyland
- Maynooth University, Department of Psychology, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Mark Shevlin
- Ulster University, School of Psychology, Derry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Marylène Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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153
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Sachedina F, Chan C, Damji RS, de Sanctis OJ. Medical cannabis use in Canada and its impact on anxiety and depression: A retrospective study. Psychiatry Res 2022; 313:114573. [PMID: 35598566 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This was a retrospective study of patients utilizing medical cannabis who received their medical cannabis documentation and allotment from a Harvest Medicine clinic in Canada to determine the impact of medical cannabis on anxiety and depression outcomes. Patients included in the study were at least 18 years of age with completed validated questionnaires for anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) at their initial evaluation and at least one follow-up visit. There were 7,362 patients included in the sample, of which the average age was 49.8 years, and 53.1% were female. There were statistically significant improvements between baseline and follow-up scores for both the GAD-7 and PHQ-9, with larger improvements seen for patients who were actively seeking medical cannabis to treat anxiety or depression. From 12 months on, those reporting anxiety had an average decrease in GAD-7 scores that was greater than the minimum clinically important difference of 4, and the same was seen for patients reporting depression from 18 months on, with the average decrease in PHQ-9 scores more than the MCID minimum clinically important difference of 5. This study provides some evidence to support the effectiveness of medical cannabis as a treatment for anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Sachedina
- Harvest Medicine, Two Executive Place1824 Crowchild Tr. NW, Unit 101Calgary, ABT2M 3Y7.
| | - Carole Chan
- Harvest Medicine, Two Executive Place1824 Crowchild Tr. NW, Unit 101Calgary, ABT2M 3Y7
| | - Rahim S Damji
- Harvest Medicine, Two Executive Place1824 Crowchild Tr. NW, Unit 101Calgary, ABT2M 3Y7
| | - Olga J de Sanctis
- Harvest Medicine, Two Executive Place1824 Crowchild Tr. NW, Unit 101Calgary, ABT2M 3Y7
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154
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Ahalli S, Fort E, Bridai Y, Baborier N, Charbotel B. Mental health and working constraints of first-year PhD students in health and science in a French university: a cross-sectional study in the context of occupational health monitoring. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057679. [PMID: 35772821 PMCID: PMC9247661 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the mental health and working constraints perception of first-year PhD in France. DESIGN It is a cross-sectional study. SETTING The study was conducted by the team of the Lyon 1 University's Occupational Health and Medical Service for Staff, from October 2019 to February 2020. First-year PhD students employed by the university were seen during the routine occupational health medical check-up. PARTICIPANTS A total of 161 PhD students in science from the 2019 intake were included in the study (participation rate 98%). OUTCOME MEASURES Data were collected using a self-questionnaire on psychosocial constraints at work (Job Content Questionnaire), the quality of the professional relationship with the supervisor (Advisory Working Alliance Inventory, Student perspective (AWAI-S)), medical conditions, anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). RESULTS A total of 161 PhD students from the 2019 intake were included in the study (participation rate 98%). Most of the PhD students reported high psychological demands (58%), high decision latitude (53%), high social support (55%) and good professional relationships with their supervisor (mean of global score of AWAI-S=114.5). However, 34% showed signs of at least mild depression, 19% showed signs of anxiety and 20% were referred to a mental health professional after the survey. Bivariate analyses showed that history of psychiatric disorders, their relationship with their supervisor, having complementary teaching activities and stressful working conditions contributed to anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS Even in the first year of their PhD, some students had mental health issues. It seems relevant to generalise the medical follow-up of all PhD students as soon as they enter the doctoral programme in order to detect and treat their health problems and psychological disorders at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloua Ahalli
- UMRESTTE, UMR T_9405, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Service de Médecine et Santé au Travail, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuel Fort
- UMRESTTE, UMR T_9405, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yamina Bridai
- Service de Médecine et Santé au Travail, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicole Baborier
- Service de Médecine et Santé au Travail, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Barbara Charbotel
- UMRESTTE, UMR T_9405, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Service des Maladies Professionnelles, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
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155
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Mansueto G, Palmieri S, Marino C, Caselli G, Sassaroli S, Ruggiero GM, Nikčević AV, Spada MM. The Italian COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C-19ASS): investigation of the COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome and its association with psychological symptoms in an Italian population. Clin Psychol Psychother 2022; 29:1972-1990. [PMID: 35771682 PMCID: PMC9350361 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The COVID‐19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C‐19ASS) is a quick and reliable scale assessing dysfunctional coping strategies activated in response to COVID‐19 fear and threat. The present study aimed to provide a preliminary validation of the Italian version of the C‐19ASS and investigated whether the C‐19ASS would mediate the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and psychological outcomes. Method In Study 1, a community sample of 271 participants completed the Italian version of the C‐19ASS and results were subjected to a Principal Component Analysis. In study 2, a community sample of 484 participants completed the Italian version of the C‐19ASS and a series of measures assessing COVID‐19 anxiety, COVID‐19 fear, functional impairment, personality traits, depression, generalized anxiety and health anxiety. Internal consistency, concurrent and incremental validity were assessed. Path analyses were run. Results Factor analysis identified a two‐factor solution (i.e., C‐19ASS Perseveration and C‐19ASS Avoidance) and confirmatory factor analysis suggested a two‐factor model best fits the data. The Italian version of the C‐19ASS showed good internal consistency. There was also evidence of convergent validity and incremental validity. Path analyses showed that C‐19ASS Perseveration mediates the relationship between emotional stability and psychological symptoms (depression, generalized anxiety and health anxiety). Conclusion The Italian version of the C‐19ASS appears to be a reliable and valid measure of the COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome. The COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome could be a suitable therapeutic target to reduce psychological symptoms typically linked to pandemic events, such as depression generalized anxiety and health anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mansueto
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Studi Cognitivi, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Palmieri
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy.,Studi Cognitivi, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center Milan, Milan, Italy.,School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University 103 Borough Road, London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Marino
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University 103 Borough Road, London, London, UK.,Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Caselli
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy.,Studi Cognitivi, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra Sassaroli
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy.,Studi Cognitivi, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maria Ruggiero
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy.,Studi Cognitivi, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana V Nikčević
- Department of Psychology, School of Law, Social and Behavioural Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston, UK
| | - Marcantonio M Spada
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University 103 Borough Road, London, London, UK
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156
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Associations between pre-stroke physical activity and physical quality of life three months after stroke in patients with mild disability. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266318. [PMID: 35767520 PMCID: PMC9242505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Much is known about the association between physical activity and the occurrence of stroke. However, the evidence about the correlation between pre-stroke physical activity and post-stroke quality of life remains inconsistent. Thus, there is a high public health relevance to the topic.
Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between pre-stroke physical activity and physical quality of life after three months.
Methods
Data arises from 858 patients with stroke included a prospective single-centre observational cohort study in Augsburg, Germany, between September 2018 and November 2019. The participants were recruited at the Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Augsburg after their stroke event. The level of physical activity was determined following the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire at baseline. Physical quality of life was assessed three months after hospital discharge using the German version of the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS). A multiple linear regression model and a quantile regression were carried out.
Results
A total of 497 patients were included in the analysis (mean age 69.6, 58.8% male), 26.2% had a high, 18.9% a moderate and 54.9% a low level of pre-stroke physical activity. Patients with high pre-stroke physical activity had a significantly better physical quality of life three months after stroke in the SIS physical domain (beta = 4.1) and in the SIS subdomains hand function (beta = 5.6), mobility (beta = 4.1) and activities of daily living (beta = 3.7). In the physical domain and the subdomain mobility, the effect was especially strong for persons with low physical quality of life after three months.
Conclusion
Pre-stroke physical activity seems to have an important and positive association with physical quality of life after three months in patients with mild disability. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
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157
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Vowles KE, Schmidt ZS, Ford CG. Opioid and Alcohol Misuse in Veterans with Chronic Pain: A Risk Screening Study. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:1790-1798. [PMID: 35753662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In United States military veterans, chronic pain represents a risk factor for opioid and alcohol misuse, yet few studies have examined interactions among chronic pain, opioid prescription, and opioid and alcohol misuse. Previous work found substantial risk of co-morbid alcohol and opioid misuse in a community sample of opioid-prescribed individuals with chronic pain, a finding expanded upon here. Specifically, 211 veterans assessed within a chronic pain treatment service for opioid-prescribed individuals completed self-report measures of opioid misuse, alcohol misuse, pain intensity, depression, pain catastrophizing, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS). Based on the substance misuse measures, 32% (n = 68) were misusing neither opioids nor alcohol, 23% (n = 48) were misusing both opioids and alcohol, 40% (n = 84) were misusing opioids alone, and 5% (n = 11) were misusing alcohol alone. Group comparisons indicated that individuals not misusing either substance were less distressed in comparison to those who were misusing opioids alone or both substances. The latter groups differed in PTS. Overall, misuse frequencies mirrored previous work, with approximately 1 of 3 misusing opioids and approximately 1 of 5 misusing both substances. There is a need for increased focus on both polysubstance misuse and the development of integrated treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Vowles
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast & Belfast Centre for Chronic Pain Rehabilitation, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Zachary S Schmidt
- Raymond G. Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - C Graham Ford
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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158
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Jitnarin N, Jahnke SA, Poston WSC, Haddock CK, Kaipust CM. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mental health comorbidity in firefighters. JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2022.2081172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nattinee Jitnarin
- Center for Fire, Rescue and EMS Health Research, NDRI – USA, Inc, Leawood, Kansas, USA
| | - Sara A. Jahnke
- Center for Fire, Rescue and EMS Health Research, NDRI – USA, Inc, Leawood, Kansas, USA
| | - Walker S. C. Poston
- Center for Fire, Rescue and EMS Health Research, NDRI – USA, Inc, Leawood, Kansas, USA
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159
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Vallières F, Gilmore B, Nolan A, Maguire P, Bondjers K, McBride O, Murphy J, Shevlin M, Karatzias T, Hyland P. Sexual Violence and Its Associated Psychosocial Effects in Ireland. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP9066-NP9088. [PMID: 33319616 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520978193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current data on the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of sexual violence in the Republic of Ireland is lacking, with the most recent sexual abuse and violence survey dating back to 2001. The current study sought to identify what proportion of Irish adults have experienced sexual violence, if there are sex differences in exposure to different forms of sexual violence, and to what extent different forms of sexual violence are associated with adverse psychosocial outcomes. To achieve these objectives, we carried out a nationally representative sample of Irish adults (N = 1,020) completed self-report measures of history of sexual violence and mental health. Results suggest that approximately one-in-three (34.4%) Irish adults experienced some form of sexual violence, including 14.8% who were sexually assaulted (raped) and 31.1% who were sexually harassed. Women were significantly more likely than men to have experienced all forms of sexual violence (ps < .001), with the exception of sexual assault by a parent or guardian. All forms of sexual violence were associated with an increased likelihood of serious mental health problems, with sexual assault by a parent/guardian associated with several other psychosocial outcomes in life, including education achievement, history of being taken into state care, salary, and employment status. Sexual violence is a common experience in the general population and women are disproportionately affected (1-in-2 women versus 1-in-5 men). Additional resources to increase mental health care among survivors of sexual violence is urgently needed. How our findings compare to Ireland's previous sexual abuse and violence survey and the implications of our findings for policy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peggy Maguire
- European Institute of Women's Health, CLG, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip Hyland
- Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
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160
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Alshammari TK, Alkhodair AM, Alhebshi HA, Rogowska AM, Albaker AB, AL-Damri NT, Bin Dayel AF, Alonazi AS, Alrasheed NM, Alshammari MA. Examining Anxiety, Sleep Quality, and Physical Activity as Predictors of Depression among University Students from Saudi Arabia during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6262. [PMID: 35627799 PMCID: PMC9141415 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Conducted during the second wave of the pandemic, this cross-sectional study examined the link between sleep quality, physical activity, exposure, and the impact of COVID-19 as predictors of mental health in Saudi undergraduate students. A convenience sample of 207 participants were recruited, 89% of whom were females and 94% were single. The measures included questionnaires on the level of exposure and the perceived impact of COVID-19, a physical activity measure, GAD-7, PHQ-9, and PSQI. The results indicated that approximately 43% of participants exhibited moderate anxiety, and 50% were at risk of depression. Overall, 63.93% of students exposed to strict quarantine for at least 14 days (n = 39) exhibited a high risk of developing depression (χ2(1) = 6.49, p < 0.05, ϕ = 0.18). A higher risk of depression was also found in students whose loved ones lost their jobs (χ2(1) = 4.24, p < 0.05, ϕ = 0.14). Moreover, there was also a strong association between depression and anxiety (β = 0.33, p < 0.01), sleep quality (β = 0.32, p < 0.01), and the perceived negative impact of COVID-19 on socio-economic status (β = 0.26, p < 0.05), explaining 66.67% of depression variance. Our study highlights the socio-economic impact of this pandemic and the overwhelming prevalence of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani K. Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.T.A.-D.); (A.F.B.D.); (A.S.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Aljawharah M. Alkhodair
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.T.A.-D.); (A.F.B.D.); (A.S.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Hanan A. Alhebshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.T.A.-D.); (A.F.B.D.); (A.S.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | | | - Awatif B. Albaker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.T.A.-D.); (A.F.B.D.); (A.S.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Nouf T. AL-Damri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.T.A.-D.); (A.F.B.D.); (A.S.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Anfal F. Bin Dayel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.T.A.-D.); (A.F.B.D.); (A.S.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Asma S. Alonazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.T.A.-D.); (A.F.B.D.); (A.S.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Nouf M. Alrasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.T.A.-D.); (A.F.B.D.); (A.S.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Musaad A. Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.T.A.-D.); (A.F.B.D.); (A.S.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
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161
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Choi KW, Lee YH, Liu Z, Fatori D, Bauermeister JR, Luh RA, Clark CR, Brunoni AR, Bauermeister S, Smoller JW. Effects of social support on depression risk during the COVID-19 pandemic: What support types and for whom? MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.05.15.22274976. [PMID: 35611337 PMCID: PMC9128784 DOI: 10.1101/2022.05.15.22274976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Rates of depression have increased worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. One known protective factor for depression is social support, but more work is needed to quantify the extent to which social support could reduce depression risk during a global crisis, and specifically to identify which types of support are most helpful, and who might benefit most. Methods Data were obtained from participants in the All of Us Research Program who responded to the COVID-19 Participant Experience (COPE) survey administered monthly from May 2020 to July 2020 (N=69,066, 66% female). Social support was assessed using 10 items measuring emotional/informational support (e.g., someone to confide in or talk to about yourself or your problems), positive social interaction support (e.g., someone to do things with to help you get your mind off things), and tangible support (e.g., someone to help with daily chores if sick). Elevated depression symptoms were defined based on having a moderate-to-severe (≥10) score on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to test associations across time between overall social support and its subtypes with depression, adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors. We then assessed interactions between social support and potential effect modifiers: age, sex, pre-pandemic mood disorder, and pandemic-related stressors (e.g., financial insecurity). Results Approximately 16% of the sample experienced elevated depressive symptoms. Overall social support was associated with significantly reduced odds of depression (adjusted odds ratio, aOR [95% CI]=0.44 [0.42-0.45]). Among subtypes, emotional/informational support (aOR=0.42 [0.41-0.43]) and positive social interactions (aOR=0.43 [0.41-0.44]) showed the largest protective associations with depression, followed by tangible support (aOR=0.63 [0.61-0.65]). Sex, age, and pandemic-related financial stressors were statistically significant modifiers of the association between social support and depression. Conclusions Individuals reporting higher levels of social support were at reduced risk of depression during the early COVID-19 pandemic. The perceived availability of emotional support and positive social interactions, more so than tangible support, was key. Individuals more vulnerable to depression (e.g., women, younger individuals, and those experiencing financial stressors) may particularly benefit from enhanced social support, supporting a precision prevention approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmel W Choi
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Younga H Lee
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhaowen Liu
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Fatori
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rebecca A Luh
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cheryl R Clark
- Division of General Internal Medicine & Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - André R Brunoni
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah Bauermeister
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford, Oxford, OX3 7JX
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Comtesse H, Lechner-Meichsner F, Haneveld J, Vogel A, Rosner R. Prolonged grief in refugees living in Germany confronted with ambiguous or confirmed loss. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2022; 35:259-269. [PMID: 34410851 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1967936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES People often disappear in the context of displacement or armed conflicts. Although such an ambiguous loss is accompanied by persistent uncertainty about the whereabouts, the psychological consequences are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of ambiguous compared to a confirmed loss on prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and its correlates in refugees to Germany. METHODS AND DESIGN We investigated data on mental health outcomes of refugees from Syria, Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan who had applied for/were granted asylum in Germany. In a secondary analysis, we compared 87 refugees with disappeared (n = 33) and deceased relatives (n = 54) who had completed questionnaire-based interviews. RESULTS Participants with ambiguous loss displayed more severe symptoms of PGD than those with confirmed loss. However, we found no group differences in terms of probable disorder rates and the number of traumatic experiences. Even after controlling for several correlates of PGD, higher PGD symptom severity was associated with ambiguous loss, more PTSD symptoms and low perceived social support. CONCLUSIONS These results show a higher prolonged grief symptom severity after the loss of a significant other due to disappearance, indicating that this type of loss could be a specific risk factor for PGD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Comtesse
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | | | - Julia Haneveld
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Anna Vogel
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Rita Rosner
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
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163
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Price JAB, Landry CA, Sych J, McNeill M, Stelnicki AM, Asmundson AJN, Carleton RN. Assessing the Perceptions and Impact of Critical Incident Stress Management Peer Support among Firefighters and Paramedics in Canada. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19094976. [PMID: 35564374 PMCID: PMC9100761 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Relative to the general population, public safety personnel (PSP) appear at an increased risk of developing mental health challenges as a result of repeated exposure to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs). To help mitigate the impact of PPTEs on PSP mental health, many PSP agencies have implemented diverse peer support despite limited empirical evidence. The current study was designed to expand the empirical evidence surrounding peer support by investigating one of the most widely used and structured peer support resources: Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM). Specifically, the current study with integrated firefighters and paramedics assessed (a) the prevalence of mental disorders; (b) perceptions of high fidelity CISM peer support; and (c) the comparative associations of CISM with high fidelity (n = 91) versus unknown fidelity (n = 60) versus no CISM (n = 64) and mental health. Results indicated that (a) mental disorders are prevalent among PSP irrespective of gender, age, and years of service; (b) participants perceived CISM peer support as offering beneficial and valuable tools (e.g., skills and coping strategies); and (c) high fidelity CISM environments offer some mental health benefits to individuals who screen positive for alcohol use disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Overall, the current study offers novel information that can inform future directions for evidence-based peer support and policy decisions designed to support the mental health of PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A. B. Price
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada; (C.A.L.); (A.M.S.); (R.N.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Caeleigh A. Landry
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada; (C.A.L.); (A.M.S.); (R.N.C.)
| | - Jeff Sych
- Sych & Associates Psychological Services, Edmonton, AB T5M 2P6, Canada; (J.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Malcolm McNeill
- Sych & Associates Psychological Services, Edmonton, AB T5M 2P6, Canada; (J.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrea M. Stelnicki
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada; (C.A.L.); (A.M.S.); (R.N.C.)
| | | | - R. Nicholas Carleton
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada; (C.A.L.); (A.M.S.); (R.N.C.)
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164
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Han AL. Association between lipid ratio and depression: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6190. [PMID: 35418704 PMCID: PMC9007956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is associated with total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood. However, evidence is limited on the relationship between depression and lipid ratios. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between depression and different lipid ratios. This study was conducted using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 11,648 adult men and women aged ≥ 19 years, without missing data, were included in this study. Depression was diagnosed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The associations between depression and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were analyzed. A complex sample logistic regression test was used for the analysis of the odds ratios of depression. Among men, the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios were not associated with depression. Additionally, an increase in triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio by 1 was associated with a 1.041-fold higher probability of depression in men. Among women, the three lipid ratios were not associated with depression. Triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with depression among men. Future studies should cross-validate, explore the biological mechanism, and identify the clinical implication of this correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lum Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Sinyong-dong 344-2, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Korea.
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165
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Strongylou DE, Flowers P, McKenna R, Kincaid RA, Clutterbuck D, Hammoud MA, Heng J, Kerr Y, McDaid L, Frankis JS. Understanding and responding to remote mental health help-seeking by gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in the U.K. and Republic of Ireland: a mixed-method study conducted in the context of COVID-19. Health Psychol Behav Med 2022; 10:357-378. [PMID: 35402086 PMCID: PMC8986177 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2022.2053687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are at far greater risk of experiencing poor mental health (MH) than wider society. This disparity was exacerbated by additional ‘unique to sexual minority status’ COVID-19 stressors. Objective: This sequential, mixed-methods study examined remote MH help-seeking among GBMSM in the U.K. and Ireland during the first COVID-19 lockdown. Methods and Results: Quantitative survey data (n = 1368), analysed with logistic regression, suggested GBMSM experiencing moderate-to-severe anxiety and those with a past MH diagnosis were most likely to seek MH support. Thematic analysis of qualitative interview (n = 18) data identified multiple barriers and enablers to GBMSM seeking remote MH help, with the help primarily sought from GBMSM-facing organisations and generic online resources. Finally, the behaviour change wheel was used to generate theoretically informed recommendations to promote MH help-seeking among GBMSM in Scotland. Implications: We discuss how applying these recommendations in the short, medium and long term will begin to address GBMSM’s MH needs, post COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Flowers
- Department of Psychology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Julian Heng
- Public Health Department, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yvonne Kerr
- Public Health and Health Policy Department, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa McDaid
- Institute for Social Sciences Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Kirchberger I, Wallner F, Linseisen J, Zickler P, Ertl M, Naumann M, Meisinger C. Factors Associated With Early and Late Post-stroke Fatigue in Patients With Mild Impairment. Results From the Stroke Cohort Study Augsburg. Front Neurol 2022; 13:852486. [PMID: 35359631 PMCID: PMC8964017 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.852486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-stroke fatigue is a common symptom after stroke. However, studies on the factors associated with early and late fatigue are scarce. The objective of this study was to identify variables associated with early and late fatigue. Methods In the German Stroke Cohort Augsburg (SCHANA) study, participants were interviewed during their hospital stay and completed a postal questionnaire 3 and 12 months post-stroke. Fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Assessement Scale (FAS). In addition, depression was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), general health status by the EQ-5D visual analog scale, and physical activity by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Multivariable regression models were used to determine the associations between FAS scores at 3 and 12 months post-stroke and demographic, psychosocial and health-related covariables. Results Among 505 participants, the frequency of fatigue was 31.1% 3 months and 29.1% 12 months post-stroke. Prior stroke (ß = 2.37, p = 0.0076), prior diagnosis of depression (ß = 5.04, p = 0.0001), higher NIHSS (ß = 0.25, p = 0.0360) and higher PHQ-9 scores (ß = 0.55, p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with higher fatigue levels 3 months post-stroke. Additionally, younger age (ß = -0.07, p = 0.0219), a worse rating of general health at baseline (ß = -0.04, p = 0.0287) and low pre-stroke physical activity (ß = -0.0004, p = 0.0089) were significantly associated with higher fatigue levels 12 months after stroke. Conclusions Fatigue is a common and persisting symptom even in patients with mild impairment. Prior depressive disorder and early depressive symptoms were the most relevant predictors of both early and late fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Kirchberger
- Chair of Epidemiology at the University Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.,Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Wallner
- Chair of Epidemiology at the University Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.,Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Chair of Epidemiology at the University Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.,Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Zickler
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ertl
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Markus Naumann
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christine Meisinger
- Chair of Epidemiology at the University Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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167
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John H, Lim YH, Hong SJ, Jeong JH, Choi HR, Park SK, Kim JE, Kim BS, Kim JH. Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on patients with chronic pain: multicenter study in Korea. Korean J Pain 2022; 35:209-223. [PMID: 35354684 PMCID: PMC8977200 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2022.35.2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant changes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on patients with chronic pain. Methods Patients with chronic pain from 23 university hospitals in South Korea participated in this study. The anonymous survey questionnaire consisted of 25 questions regarding the following demographic data, diagnosis, hospital visit frequency, exercise duration, time outside, sleep duration, weight change, nervousness and anxiety, depression, interest or pleasure, fatigue, daily life difficulties, and self-harm thoughts. Depression severity was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between increased pain and patient factors. Results A total of 914 patients completed the survey, 35.9% of whom had decreased their number of visits to the hospital, mostly due to COVID-19. The pain level of 200 patients has worsened since the COVID-19 outbreak, which was more prominent in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Noticeable post-COVID-19 changes such as exercise duration, time spent outside, sleep patterns, mood, and weight affected patients with chronic pain. Depression severity was more significant in patients with CRPS. The total PHQ-9 average score of patients with CRPS was 15.5, corresponding to major depressive orders. The patients’ decreased exercise duration, decreased sleep duration, and increased depression were significantly associated with increased pain. Conclusions COVID-19 has caused several changes in patients with chronic pain. During the pandemic, decreased exercise and sleep duration and increased depression were associated with patients’ increasing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji John
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Hee Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jun Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hun Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Jeong-clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hey Ran Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Kyung Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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168
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Diagnostic Value of Serum Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 for Liver Fibrosis: A Meta-analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3227957. [PMID: 35360517 PMCID: PMC8961437 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3227957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Serum chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) is a promising marker for diagnosing liver fibrosis. This meta-analysis was carried out to assess the diagnostic performance of serum CHI3L1 for the estimation of liver fibrosis. Methods Systematic searches were performed on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Sinomed, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Chinese Medical Journal Database, and the Wanfang databases for available studies. The primary studies were screened strictly according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and sensitivity, specificity, and other measures of accuracy of serum CHI3L1 for evaluating liver fibrosis were pooled with 95% confidence intervals. I2 was calculated to assess heterogeneity, and sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis. Deeks' test was used to assess for publication bias, and likelihood ratio was used to determine posttest probability. Results Our research integrated 11 articles, accounting for 1897 patients older than 18 years old. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis were 0.79 and 0.82 with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.85, 0.81 and 0.83 with an AUC of 0.91, and 0.72 and 0.74 with an AUC of 0.85, respectively. Random-effects models were used to assess for significant heterogeneity, and subgroup analysis showed that age and aetiology of included patients were likely sources of heterogeneity. No potential publication bias was found for serum CHI3L1 in the diagnosis of significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis, or cirrhosis, and posttest probability was moderate. Conclusion Measurement of serum CHI3L1 is a feasible diagnostic tool for liver fibrosis.
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169
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Zhang Q, Wang N, Hu Y, Creedy DK. Prevalence of stress and depression and associated factors among women seeking a first-trimester induced abortion in China: a cross-sectional study. Reprod Health 2022; 19:64. [PMID: 35264193 PMCID: PMC8906361 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-022-01366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the prevalence of stress and depression and associated factors among women seeking a first-trimester induced abortion in China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Beijing, from April 1st to Oct 31st, 2021. Women seeking termination of an intrauterine first-trimester pregnancy were invited to participate and complete a digital self-administered questionnaire. The survey included socio-demographic and health questions, Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Descriptive analyses and binary logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0. Results A total of 253 women participated. Prevalence of high perceived stress (cut-off ≥ 20) and depressive symptoms (cut-off ≥ 10) was 25.3% and 22.5%, respectively. Women were more likely to suffer high stress if they reported low resilience (aOR = 16.84, 95% CI 5.18–54.79), were not-using contraceptives (aOR = 3.27, 95% CI 1.39–6.29), had low social support (aOR = 2.95, 95% CI 1.39–6.29), were non-local residents (aOR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.15–5.92), were dissatisfied with their intimate relationship (aOR = 2.44, 95% CI 1.15–5.16), or held pro-life attitudes towards abortion (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.18–3.53). Odds of experiencing depression were higher among women who also reported high perceived stress (aOR = 19.00, 95% CI 7.67–47.09), had completed higher education (aOR = 12.28, 95% CI 1.24–121.20), and were non-local residents (aOR = 3.38, 95% CI 1.37–8.32). Conclusions The magnitude of perceived stress and depression was high among Chinese women seeking a first-trimester induced abortion. It is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the mental health of women seeking an abortion, especially those with high risk. Interventions to mitigate relevant associated factors could improve the psychological wellbeing of women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12978-022-01366-1. Abortion is a stressful life event. Understanding how women perceive having an abortion and their psychosocial responses will enable health providers to understand women’s needs and provide high-quality care. This study aims to determine the frequency of stress and depression among women seeking an induced abortion in early pregnancy in China and associated factors Around 25.3% of women reported high stress and 22.5% reported depression. Women were more likely to suffer high stress if they reported low resilience, were not-using contraceptives, had low social support, were non-local residents, were unhappy with their intimate relationship, or held pro-life attitudes towards abortion. High perceived stress, high education level, and non-local status were associated with depression. The findings indicate stress and depression are quite common among women seeking an abortion in China, especially those with high-risk factors. It is necessary to evaluate and promote the mental health of women seeking an abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiang Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen Nan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Na Wang
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Yinchu Hu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Debra K Creedy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University Logan Campus, University Drive, Meadowbrook, QLD, 4131, Australia
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170
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Demiral Y, Ihle T, Rose U, Conway PM, Burr H. Precarious Work as Risk Factor for 5-Year Increase in Depressive Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063175. [PMID: 35328860 PMCID: PMC8949946 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to investigate the longitudinal relationship between precarious work and depressive symptoms in a representative cohort of employees in Germany. Methods: In the German Study on Mental Health at Work (S-MGA) (n = 2009), depressive symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ−9). Precarious work was measured through baseline (2012) self-reported job insecurity, marginal part-time, fixed-term contract, hourly wage and—during follow-ups 2012–2017—unemployment. Among employees without depressive symptoms at baseline (2012), we ran logistic regression analyses stratified by gender with depressive symptoms at follow-up in 2017 as the dependent variable, adjusting for baseline (2012) age, gender, socioeconomic position and partner status. Results: Among men, job insecurity (OR: 2.47; 95% 95% CI: 1.37–4.48) and low wage (3.79; 1.64–8.72) at baseline were significantly associated with depressive symptoms at follow-up. Among women, indicators of precarious work were not associated with depressive symptoms at follow-up. Among men, a cumulative exposure index of precarious work was significantly associated with the development of depressive symptoms (one indicator: 1.84; 0.94–3.60, ≥two indicators: 7.65; 3.30–17.73). This index was not associated with depressive symptoms among women. The population attributable fraction of precarious work due to depressive symptoms among men was approximately 30%. Conclusions: Among employees in Germany, precarious work seems to be a risk factor for the subsequent development of depressive symptoms among men, but not among women. Research on precarious employment in different countries is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucel Demiral
- Department of Public Health, Medical Faculty, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35340, Turkey;
| | - Tobias Ihle
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), 10317 Berlin, Germany; (T.I.); (U.R.)
| | - Uwe Rose
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), 10317 Berlin, Germany; (T.I.); (U.R.)
| | - Paul Maurice Conway
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Hermann Burr
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), 10317 Berlin, Germany; (T.I.); (U.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-030-515-484355
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171
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Zhang Y, Tian W, Han X, Yan G, Ma Y, Huo S, Shi Y, Dai S, Ni X, Li Z, Fan L, Zhang Q. Assessing the depression risk in the U.S. adults using nomogram. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:416. [PMID: 35232400 PMCID: PMC8889727 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression has received a lot of attention as a common and serious illness. However, people are rarely aware of their current depression risk probabilities. We aimed to develop and validate a predictive model applicable to the risk of depression in US adults. METHODS This study was conducted using the database of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2017-2012). In particular, NHANES (2007-2010) was used as the training cohort (n = 6015) for prediction model construction and NHANES (2011-2012) was used as the validation cohort (n = 2812) to test the model. Depression was assessed (defined as a binary variable) by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Socio-demographic characteristics, sleep time, illicit drug use and anxious days were assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate independent risk factors for depression. The nomogram has the advantage of being able to visualize complex statistical prediction models as risk estimates of individualized disease probabilities. Then, we developed two depression risk nomograms based on the results of logistic regression. Finally, several validation methods were used to evaluate the prediction performance of nomograms. RESULTS The predictors of model 1 included gender, age, income, education, marital status, sleep time and illicit drug use, and model 2, furthermore, included anxious days. Both model 1 and model 2 showed good discrimination ability, with a bootstrap-corrected C index of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.69-0.73) and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.83-0.86), and an externally validated C index of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.68-0.74) and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.81-0.86), respectively, and had well-fitted calibration curves. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of the models with 1000 different weighted random sampling and depression scores of 10-17 threshold range were higher than 0.7 and 0.8, respectively. Calculated net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) showed the discrimination or accuracy of the prediction models. Decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated that the depression models were practically useful. The network calculators work for participants to make personalized predictions. CONCLUSIONS This study presents two prediction models of depression, which can effectively and accurately predict the probability of depression as well as helping the U.S. civilian non-institutionalized population to make optimal treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, No.157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, No.157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xinhao Han
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, No.157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Guangcan Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, No.157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yuanshuo Ma
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, No.157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shan Huo
- Sichuan Kelun Pharmaceutical Co, No. 36 Baihua West Road, Chengdu, 610071, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, No.157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shanshan Dai
- People's medical publishing house, No. 19 Panjiayuan South Road, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Lihua Fan
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, No.157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Qiuju Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, No.157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Yona T, Weisman A, Gottlieb U, Masharawi Y. High Levels of Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms Among Physical Therapists and Physical Therapist Students Are Associated With Musculoskeletal Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study. Phys Ther 2022; 102:6492045. [PMID: 35023552 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depressive symptoms and musculoskeletal (MSK) pain are 2 of the most common health conditions. Their relationship, however, remains unclear. As depressive symptoms in physical therapists have not been well assessed, the purpose of this work was to assess self-reported depressive symptoms and MSK pain prevalence-and their possible association-in physical therapists and physical therapist students. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey was used to gather data from 707 physical therapists and 116 physical therapist students from Israel. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depressive symptoms, and the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of MSK pain. RESULTS Overall, 108 participants (13.1%) scored in the moderate to severe depressive symptoms category (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score >10), and 261 participants (31.7%) scored in the mild depressive symptoms category. In total, 84 physical therapists (11.9%) and 24 physical therapist students (20.7%) reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms during the last 2 weeks. Neck and back pain had the highest point prevalence (26.7%-35.3%) and lifetime prevalence (75.9%-78.5%), respectively. Mild depressive symptoms were associated with current pain (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.58) and smoking (adjusted OR = 1.79-1.84). Current pain was also associated with severe depressive symptoms (adjusted OR = 2.76-3.07). Physical therapists with higher salaries were less likely to report severe depressive symptoms (adjusted OR = 0.11-0.36). CONCLUSION The prevalence estimates generated from this study sample imply that 11.9% of physical therapists and 20.7% of physical therapist students in Israel experienced moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Neck and back pain had the highest point and lifetime prevalence. IMPACT The prevalence of self-reported depressive symptoms in this sample places physical therapists and physical therapist students alongside physicians, nurses, and medical profession students who have been previously reported to have elevated depressive symptoms. Future studies should further explore the nature of the association between pain and depressive symptoms in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Yona
- The Israeli Physiotherapy Society, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Asaf Weisman
- Spinal Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Uri Gottlieb
- Neuromuscular and Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Youssef Masharawi
- Spinal Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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173
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Long Y, Tong X, Awad M, Xi S, Yu Y. Violence, runaway, and suicide attempts among people living with schizophrenia in China: Prevalence and correlates. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13033. [PMID: 35251789 PMCID: PMC8896021 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with schizophrenia are at higher risk of disruptive behaviors, including violence, running away from home, and suicide attempts, which often co-occur and are highly correlated, yet seldom studied together. The current study investigated the frequency and correlates of disruptive behaviors among a Chinese community sample of individuals living with schizophrenia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 individuals living with schizophrenia from 12 communities. Data about disruptive behaviors in the past 2 months was collected using self-designed questionnaires. Clinical characteristics including psychiatric symptoms, depression, anxiety, disability, and functioning were collected by internationally standardized assessment instruments. RESULTS About one-fifth (21%) of the subjects had experienced at least one form of disruptive behavior in the past 2 months. Violence was the most commonly reported (17.25%), which included damaging property (15%) and physical violence toward others (7.5%); followed by running away (6.5%), and suicide attempts (4%). Logistic regression analysis suggested that medication non-adherence (OR = 4.96, 95% CI [1.79-13.72]), involuntary hospital admission (OR = 5.35, 95% CI [2.06-13.87]), depression (OR = 2.34, 95% CI [1.07-5.10]), and lower social functioning (OR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.93-0.99]) were independently associated with a higher risk of disruptive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The overlap among three forms of disruptive behaviors warrants them to be assessed and studied together in clinical, research, and policy fields. The significant association between disruptive behaviors with medication non-adherence, involuntary admission, depression, and lower social functioning indicates the need for integrated, targeted, and needs-based intervention programs to be developed for the prevention and treatment of these disruptive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Long
- Department of Nursing, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Tong
- Department of Nursing, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Michael Awad
- Division of Prevention and Community Research, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shijun Xi
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Division of Prevention and Community Research, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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174
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Jafri SH, Hushcha P, Dorbala P, Bousquet G, Lutfy C, Klein J, Mellett L, Sonis L, Polk D, Skali H. Physical and Psychological Well-being Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Patients Following Mitral Valve and Aortic Valve Procedures. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2022; 42:90-96. [PMID: 34793360 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients participating in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) following an aortic valve procedure demonstrate improvements in physical capacity and psychological well-being. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate baseline exercise capacity and psychological well-being for mitral valve patients participating in CR and to compare physical and psychological outcomes between mitral valve and aortic valve patients. METHODS The primary endpoint was improvement in 6-min walk test (6MWT) distance. Secondary endpoints included change in exercise min/wk, depression scores (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]), anxiety scores (General Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7]), and overall quality of life (Dartmouth Cooperative Functional Assessment [COOP]) scores. RESULTS Between January 2015 and December 2019, 94 patients who underwent an aortic valve procedure and 46 patients who underwent mitral valve procedures were enrolled prospectively in CR. At the completion of their CR program, patients had similar improvements in their 6MWT (mitral valve: 173 ft [125, 238] vs aortic valve 197 ft [121, 295], P = .42); exercise min/wk (mitral valve: 90 min [45, 175] vs aortic valve: 80 min [40, 130], P = .44). Changes in anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), and COOP scores were smaller but similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS CR participation resulted in similar improvements in physical activity between patients undergoing mitral valve and aortic valve procedures. Psychological well-being and quality of life scores improved minimally and similarly between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hammad Jafri
- Master of Medical Sciences in Clinical Investigation Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Jafri); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Drs Jafri, Hushcha, Polk, and Skali and Mr Dorbala); and Cardiac Rehabilitation Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Foxborough, Massachusetts (Mss Bousquet, Lutfy, Klein, and Sonis and Drs Mellett, Polk, and Skali)
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175
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Su YJ, Liang SHY. Long-term mental health outcomes of severe burn injury: A 5-year follow-up of the 2015 Formosa Fun Coast Water Park fire disaster. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2022; 75:10-16. [PMID: 35085876 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe burn injuries have profound mental health impacts on individuals, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Many burn survivors also report positive psychosocial changes, termed posttraumatic growth (PTG). This study investigated long-term mental health of severe burn injury (i.e., PTSD, MDD, and PTG) and the longitudinal influences of coping strategies and social support. METHODS Ninety-nine adult burn survivors of the 2015 Formosa Fun Coast Water Park fire disaster participated in the 5-year follow-up (Wave 3, W3), with 93% completing the earlier 2- (Wave 1, W1) and 3-year follow-up (Wave 2, W2). Participants averaged 22.1 years of age at burn, and 62.6% were females. The mean total body surface area burned (TBSA) was 50.3%, with a mean length of hospital stay of 87.6 days. RESULTS Five years after the 2015 fire disaster, 13.1%, and 14.1% of the survivors met probable DSM-5 PTSD and MDD, while 51.5% reported significant PTG. After controlling for demographic, burn-specific, and baseline outcome variables, avoidance coping at W2 prospectively predicted PTSD and depressive symptoms at W3 (p = .003 and 0.04), with medium-to-large and medium effect sizes (sr2 = 0.10 and 0.05). Approach coping at W2 prospectively predicted PTG at W3 (p = .014), with a medium-to-large effect size (sr2 = 0.07). CONCLUSION Rates of probable PTSD and MDD were still relatively high in long-term burn survivors. However, PTG continued to be highly prevalent. Our findings highlight the importance of coping in affecting the long-term mental health of severe burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jen Su
- Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Department of Psychiatry, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang
- Section of Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, , Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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176
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Parrish JM, Jenkins NW, Cha EDK, Lynch CP, Geoghegan CE, Jadczak CN, Mohan S, Singh K. Epidemiological Relevance of Elevated Preoperative Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Scores on Clinical Improvement Following Lumbar Decompression. Int J Spine Surg 2022; 16:159-167. [PMID: 35314511 PMCID: PMC9519078 DOI: 10.14444/8184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research exists regarding the influence of preoperative depression on postoperative mental health, physical function, and pain in lumbar decompression (LD) patients. This study aims to evaluate the association of depressive symptoms as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) with other mental health and physical function clinical outcomes among patients undergoing LD. METHODS A prospectively maintained surgical registry was reviewed for primary LD from March 2016 to May 2019. Patients were stratified into 3 preoperative PHQ-9 score subgroups. Higher PHQ-9 scores indicated greater depressive symptoms. We assessed demographic and perioperative characteristics among subgroups with appropriate statistical testing. We also evaluated outcome instruments and postoperative improvement for the following outcomes: PHQ-9, Short Form 12 (SF-12), Veterans RAND 12-Item (VR-12), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS-PF), visual analog scale (VAS) leg, and VAS back. RESULTS The 351-subject cohort was 70.4% men with an average age of 47 years; 186 subjects had minimal preoperative depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 <5), 94 had moderate (5≤ PHQ-9 ≤10), and 71 had severe (PHQ-9 >10). Subgroups with more severe symptoms of depression had worse mental health outcome scores (PHQ-9, 12-Mental Health Composite Score [12-MCS], and VR-12-MCS) and a positive linear association with greater pre- to postoperative mental health improvements at all timepoints. Subgroups with more severe symptoms of depression had worse PROMIS-PF scores at all timepoints, though VAS pain scores had no depression symptom association by 1 year. CONCLUSION Patients with more severe preoperative depressive symptoms, as evaluated by PHQ-9, have a greater improvement in PHQ-9, SF-12, and VR-12 scores, but more severe PHQ-9 scores are associated with worse overall physical function scores. This study demonstrates the relevance of preoperative depressive symptoms and their necessity in future risk factor models. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Severity of preoperative PHQ-9 acts as a significant risk factor to postoperative pain and mental and physical health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Parrish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nathaniel W Jenkins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elliot D K Cha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Conor P Lynch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Cara E Geoghegan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Caroline N Jadczak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shruthi Mohan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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177
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Ricciardelli R, Tamara T, Mitchell MM, Groll D, Afifi T, Nicholas Carleton R. Exposures to Potentially Psychologically Traumatic Events Among Provincial Correctional Workers in Ontario, Canada. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2022; 37:77-100. [PMID: 35165161 DOI: 10.1891/vv-d-21-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We know little about potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTE) exposures among provincial correctional workers in diverse occupational positions and even less regarding how exposure to events are associated with mental health disorders. We designed the current study to unpack and quantify estimates of the frequencies that correctional workers, across occupational roles, experience exposure to diverse incidents. We categorized 1,338 of our 1,487 participants into six occupational categories and our measures included established self-report items measuring PPTE exposure and mental disorder symptoms. Almost all correctional workers reported exposures to most PPTE types. Correctional workers collectively report exposures to physical assault (90.2%) and sudden violent death (81.8%), with many (3.1%-46%) reporting 11+ exposures (M = 10.01, SD = 4.29). We found significant differences in exposure patterns across correctional worker categories; specifically, we found a higher prevalence of exposure to toxic substances, physical assault, assault with a weapon, severe human suffering, sudden accidental or sudden violent death, among those working in institutional correctional services (e.g., governance, correctional officers). PPTE exposure and all assessed mental health disorder symptom profiles were closely related, as correctional workers report high exposure to PPTE. Population attributable fractions indicated that the burden of mental disorders among provincial correction workers might be reduced by between 38%-70% if PPTE exposures were eliminated from the population. We conclude with recommendations for mental health related policies, such as investing in peer and psychologically support, as well as interventions for exposure to PPTE and readiness to inform strategies for employee mental health and well-being.
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178
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Chang R, Zeng C, Qiao S, Wang H, Xu C, Yu X, Ma T, Wang Y, Li X, Cai Y. The Mediating Effect of Depression on the Relation Between Interpersonal Needs and Suicidal Ideation Among Chinese Transgender Women. Front Public Health 2022; 9:764198. [PMID: 35127616 PMCID: PMC8810492 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.764198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgender women are at high risk of depression and suicidal ideation. The interpersonal theory of suicide proposes that suicidal ideation could be a consequence of high interpersonal needs (thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness). The current study tests this theory and investigates whether depression could mediate the relationship between interpersonal needs and suicidal ideation among transgender women in Shenyang, China. METHODS A total of 198 transgender women were recruited by snowball sampling. A cross-sectional study was conducted through a structured questionnaire. Suicidal ideation, depression, and interpersonal needs were assessed. Path analysis was used to carry out the research goals and the mediating effect of depression was tested. RESULTS There were nearly 37% of the participants reported lifetime suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was positively correlated with thwarted belongingness (t = -5.53, p < 0.01) and perceived burdensomeness (t = -5.02, p < 0.01). The direct effect from thwarted belongingness to suicidal ideation via depression was statistically significant (Std. β = 0.232, p < 0.01). Depression could also mediate the indirect path from perceived burdensomeness to suicidal ideation through depression (Std. β = 0.222, p < 0.01) although the direct path between them was not significant (Std. β = 0.046, p = 0.693). CONCLUSIONS Depression fully mediated the relationship between perceived burdensomeness and suicidal ideation, and partially mediate the relationship between thwarted belongingness and suicidal ideation. To reduce the risk of suicidal ideation among transgender women, interventions targeting thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and depression are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Chang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengbo Zeng
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Huwen Wang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xu
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yu
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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179
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Paudel K, Adhikari TB, Khanal P, Bhatta R, Paudel R, Bhusal S, Basel P. Sleep quality and its correlates among undergraduate medical students in Nepal: A cross-sectional study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000012. [PMID: 36962248 PMCID: PMC10021869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Poor sleep quality has been found to affect students' learning abilities, academic performance, and interpersonal relationships. However, little is known about this issue in Nepal. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with poor sleep quality among undergraduate medical students in Nepal. A web-based survey was conducted in March 2021 among 212 undergraduate medical students at the Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal. Sleep quality was measured using a 19-item Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to assess the factors associated with sleep quality. In the study participants, 38.2% of the students were identified as poor sleepers. Factors like being depressed (AOR = 4.5, 95% CI; 1.2-5.4), current alcohol use (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI; 1.8-10.8), poor academic achievement (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI; 1.1-10.9), and being a fourth-year student (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI; 1.1-11.8) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Poor sleep quality was common among undergraduate medical students. Routine screening of sleep quality and depressive symptoms is necessary to mitigate their impact among medical students. Medical students of the fourth year, current alcohol users, and those who did not have good academic achievement had poor sleep quality. Special attention on these population subgroups is thus needed to enhance sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Paudel
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
- NCD Watch Nepal, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
- * E-mail:
| | - Tara Ballav Adhikari
- NCD Watch Nepal, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Public Health, Section for Global Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nepal Development Society, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Pratik Khanal
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ramesh Bhatta
- Asian College for Advanced Studies, Purbanchal University, Satdobato, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Rajan Paudel
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sandesh Bhusal
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
- NCD Watch Nepal, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Prem Basel
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
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180
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Feng X, Yang C, Yang H, Wang K, Xu Y, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Ma J. Anxiety, depression, and somatic symptom disorders in health care workers at high altitude during the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: A prospective cohort study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1018391. [PMID: 36683988 PMCID: PMC9846133 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1018391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ongoing spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant and hypoxia exposure to high altitude are the susceptible factors of people's psychological abnormalities, especially the health care workers (HCWs) in the front line of the epidemic. There is no dynamic observation data on the prevalence of mental health disorders among HCWs at high altitude. The study is to assess the prevalence of mental health outcomes and its influencing factors among HCWs at high altitude exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. METHODS This prospective cohort study collected sociodemographic data and mental health measurements from 647 HCWs in 3 hospitals in Xining, Qinghai province from 13 April to 4 May 2022. After the mental health intervention for the above-mentioned people in the Chengdong district, we collected mental health indicators on days 7 and 14, respectively. We used the generalized linear model and the generalized estimation equation and for further analysis. RESULTS The baseline cross-sectional survey of 647 HCWs in the Chengdong and Chengbei districts of Xining, Qinghai province shows that the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and somatic disorders were 45.75, 46.52, and 52.55%, respectively. The multivariable model showed that chronic diseases and nucleic acid collection were associated with increased scores of GAD-7, PHQ-9, and PHQ-15. And the GAD-7 score of HCWs with elderly people at home increased by 0.92 points. Subsequent repeated measurements of the mental health of HCWs in Chengdong district in Xining, Qinghai province, showed that anxiety, depression, and somatic disorders were significantly relieved, and physical exercise showed a significant protective effect, while loans and nucleic acid collection showed an adverse effect after 2 weeks of intervention. Additionally, engaged in nucleic acid collection was the risk factor of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION In this survey of HCWs on frontline at high altitude during the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, participants reported experiencing mental health disorders, especially in those with chronic disease, loans, and those who worked with longer hours and engaged in nucleic acid collection in Xining, Qinghai province, China. Exercise may help to improve anxiety and physical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Medical Service, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Chenlu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huanjuan Yang
- Department of Medical Service, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Medical Service, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Medical Service, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Department of Medical Service, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Juan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of High Altitude Digestive Disease, Xining Second People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
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181
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Harding D, Pitcairn CFM, Machado DB, De Araujo LFSC, Millett C, Hone T. Interpersonal violence and depression in Brazil: A cross-sectional analysis of the 2019 National Health Survey. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0001207. [PMID: 36962903 PMCID: PMC10021715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Depression and interpersonal violence are issues of increasing public health concern globally, especially in low-and-middle income countries. Despite the known relationship between interpersonal violence and an increased risk of depression, there is a need to further characterise the experience of depression in those who have experienced violence, to better develop screening and treatment interventions. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on responses from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. The prevalence of depression (both clinician-diagnosed, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) screened) were estimated by type of violence experienced in the preceding 12 months (none, physical violence, sexual violence, physical and sexual violence, or threat of violence). Logistic regression models assessed the associations between violence and depression after adjusting for socioeconomic and demographic factors. Of 88,531 respondents, 8.1% experienced any type of violence. Compared to those not experiencing violence, those who experienced any type of violence had a higher prevalence of clinician-diagnosed or PHQ-9-screened depression (e.g. the prevalence of clinician-diagnosed depression was 18.8% for those experiencing sexual violence compared to 9.5% for those not experiencing violence). Both undiagnosed and untreated depression were also more prevalent in those experiencing any type of violence. In logistic regression models, any experience of violence was associated with a higher odds of depression (e.g. aOR = 3.75 (95% CI: 3.06-4.59) for PHQ-9-detected depression). Experiencing violence was also associated with a higher likelihood of having depression which was undiagnosed (e.g. in those who experienced sexual violence: aOR of 3.20, 95% CI 1.81-5.67) or untreated (e.g. in those who experienced physical and sexual violence: aOR = 8.06, 95% CI 3.44-18.9). These findings highlight the need to consider screening for depression in those affected by violence, and to prioritise mental healthcare in communities affected by violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Harding
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Public Health Policy Evaluation Unity, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie F M Pitcairn
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daiane Borges Machado
- Centre for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Christopher Millett
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Public Health Policy Evaluation Unity, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Hone
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Public Health Policy Evaluation Unity, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Mao Y, Li X, Zhu S, Ma J, Geng Y, Zhao Y. Associations between urea nitrogen and risk of depression among subjects with and without type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:985167. [PMID: 36387890 PMCID: PMC9646599 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.985167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are serious public health problems with irreversible health consequences and a significant economic burden on the healthcare system. Previous studies have suggested that blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was inversely longitudinally associated with incidence of diabetes and depression in adults, but few well-designed studies have examined the effects of status of T2D on the full range of relationship between BUN and depression. METHODS The analysis sample consisted of adults aged≥20 years from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) who completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), involving 19,005 participants. By stratifying participants according to T2D status, we further assessed the difference between BUN and risk of depression in participants with and without T2D using multivariate logistic regression (interaction test). RESULTS In this cross-sectional study, the association between BUN and depression prevalence appeared to differ between the T2D and non-T2D groups (OR: 1.00, 95% Cl: 0.95-1.05 vs. OR: 0.89, 95% Cl: 0.85-0.93). In addition, there was evidence of an interaction between BUN levels and T2D status in reducing the risk of depression (P value for interaction = 0.032.) The relationship between BUN and depressive symptoms was significant in non-T2D subjects (P < 0.001), but not in T2D (P = 0.940). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that there is a significant relationship between BUN and depression, and T2D status may influence the association between BUN and the risk of depression. Such findings require further prospective studies to provide more evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shumin Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yulan Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Yulan Geng, ; Yuanyuan Zhao,
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Yulan Geng, ; Yuanyuan Zhao,
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183
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Ehsan A, Re A, Rivera Perla K, Aghagoli G, Bellam K, Sellke F. Trends and outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with major depressive disorder: A perspective from the national inpatient sample. HEART AND MIND 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/hm.hm_62_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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184
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Vu LG, Le LK, Dam AVT, Nguyen SH, Vu TTM, Trinh TTH, Do AL, Do NM, Le TH, Latkin C, Ho RCM, Ho CSH. Factor Structures of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Instruments in Exploring Depressive Symptoms of Suburban Population. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:838747. [PMID: 35990070 PMCID: PMC9381874 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.838747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and assess the relationship between the PHQ-9 domain and demographics and health behaviors in Vietnamese people. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PHQ9 was administered to 899 participants. Exploratory factor and reliability analyses were performed. Tobit regression and Ordered logistic regression were further performed to determine factors associated with the PHQ-9 score and characteristics of depression. RESULTS The 2-factor model of PHQ-9, including factor 1 "Somatic" and factor 2 "Cognitive/Affective," showed good psychometric properties. The Cronbach's alpha value showed high internal consistency in two factors (0.84 and 0.80, respectively). Gender, health behavior exercising, drinking, and health status had associations with both factors of the PHQ-9 model. CONCLUSION The PHQ-9 scale is a valid and reliable instrument to assess depression in the Vietnam population. This scale can be a useful screening tool for depression; however, further validation studies in other populations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Gia Vu
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.,Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | | | - Anh Vu Trong Dam
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.,Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Son Hoang Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Evidence-Based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Anh Linh Do
- Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Trang Huyen Le
- Sub-Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Carl Latkin
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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185
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Early Association Factors for Depression Symptoms in Pregnancy: A Comparison between Spanish Women Spontaneously Gestation and with Assisted Reproduction Techniques. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235672. [PMID: 34884374 PMCID: PMC8658584 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with assisted reproduction techniques (ART) have a different psychological profile than women with a spontaneous pregnancy. These differences may put the former group at higher risk for depressive symptomatology. Our aim was to determine what sociodemographic factors and psychological variables interact with early depressive symptoms in pregnant women with ART. This is a cross-sectional, non-interventional, and observational study where a total of 324 women were analyzed in the first trimester of pregnancy at the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (Spain). Women completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale, the Resilience inventory, the General concerns (ad hoc scale), the Stressful life events, and the prenatal version of Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R), including socioeconomic status, pregnancy intendedness, self-esteem, partner support, family support, friends support, marital satisfaction, and life stress. According to our models, women undergoing ART had significantly increased the PHQ-9 scores (β = 6.75 ± 0.74; p-value < 0.001). Being single also increased the PHQ-9 score. Related to the psychological variables, anxiety (β = 0.43 ± 0.06; p-value < 0.001) and stressful life events (β = 0.17 ± 0.06; p-value = 0.003) increased PHQ-9 scores. In contrast, resilience (β = -0.05 ± 0.02; p-value = 0.004), self-esteem (β = -1.21 ± 0.61; p-value = 0.048), and partner support (β = -1.50 ± 0.60; p-value = 0.013) decreased PHQ-9 scores. We concluded that women undergoing ART need interventions to reduce anxiety and stressful life events, and to improve resilience, self-esteem, and emotional partner support to prevent depressive symptomatology during this important phase in their lives.
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186
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Li N, Shou J. Risk factors for the frequent attendance of older patients at community health service centers in China: a cross-sectional study based on stratified sampling. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2021; 22:221. [PMID: 34772360 PMCID: PMC8589087 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-021-01575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of frequent attenders (FAs) among older patients in Shanghai, China, and explore the associated factors. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in six community health service centers in Shanghai, China, from August to December 2018 based on stratified sampling. On the basis of our preliminary study, FAs were defined as those attending at least four consultations in a month. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the clinicodemographic data of the participants. Social support, pain severity, depression, and anxiety were evaluated using the Social Support Revalued Scale, six-point Behavioral Rating Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire–9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, respectively. Results This study included 619 patients aged > 60 years. Among these patients, 155 (25%) were FAs to a community health service center, 366 (59.1%) had 1 or 2 chronic diseases, 179 (28.9%) had ≥3 chronic diseases, 313 (50.4%) opted for a family doctor service, and 537 (86.8%) chose a community health service center for the first consultation. The following were identified as independent risk factors for frequent attendance: widowed status, unmarried status, the presence of > 3 chronic diseases, first consultation at a community health service center, high medical expenses, frequent attendance of the spouses, long-term medication, the use of both traditional Chinese and Western medicine services, and depression. Conclusions This study summarizes the characteristics of older FAs to community health service centers in China and identifies 10 risk factors significantly associated with frequent attendance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Li
- General Practice Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Juan Shou
- General Practice Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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187
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McGarty A, McDaid L, Flowers P, Riddell J, Pachankis J, Frankis J. Mental health, potential minority stressors and resilience: evidence from a cross-sectional survey of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men within the Celtic nations. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2024. [PMID: 34742262 PMCID: PMC8572060 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are at a greater risk of mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression, than heterosexual adults. Numerous factors and stressors have been reported to impact men's mental health, although it has been suggested that resilience could have a protective effect. The aim of this study is to explore mental health, minority stressors, and resilience among a large online cross-sectional survey of GBMSM in the Celtic nations. METHODS Data for this cross-sectional study were collected from the Social Media, GBMSM and Sexual and Holistic Health (SMMASH2) self-report online survey. Participants (n = 3077) were recruited via gay sociosexual media in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors that increased the odds of moderate-to-severe anxiety and depression. Potentially relevant variables (p < 0.05) were carried forward in hierarchal logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of moderate-to-severe anxiety and depression was 19.9 and 14.4%, respectively. Having a disability (OR = 1.73) and having financial worries sometimes/all of the time (OR = 1.93) increased the odds of having moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety, respectively. No minority stressors were associated with depression, whereas experiencing any form of relationship abuse in the last 12 months significantly increased the odds of anxiety (OR = 1.50). Resilience, namely a sense of coherence, had a protective effect and significantly reduced the odds of moderate-to-severe depression (OR = 0.85) and anxiety (OR = 0.89). CONCLUSIONS Disability and financial worries were associated with increased depression and anxiety, respectively, while resilience had a protective effect for GBMSM in the SMMASH2 study. Future research is needed to better understand the role of resilience and the challenges and stresses of everyday life and intersecting health problems. Future research is also needed that incorporates the perspectives of those most affected by mental ill-health to co-develop effective solutions that respond to their contextual surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene McGarty
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1st floor Admin Building, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, 1055 Great Western Road, G12 0XH, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | - Lisa McDaid
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Long Pocket Precinct, 80 Meiers Rd, Indooroopilly, Brisbane, QLD 4068 Australia ,grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Top Floor, 200 Renfield Street, G2 3AX, Glasgow, Scotland UK
| | - Paul Flowers
- grid.11984.350000000121138138School of Psychological Sciences & Health, University of Strathclyde, 40 George Street, G1 1QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julie Riddell
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Top Floor, 200 Renfield Street, G2 3AX, Glasgow, Scotland UK
| | - John Pachankis
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Jamie Frankis
- grid.5214.20000 0001 0669 8188School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road G4 0BA, Glasgow, Scotland UK
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188
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Martín J, Padierna Á, Villanueva A, Quintana JM. Evaluation of the mental health of care home staff in the Covid-19 era. What price did care home workers pay for standing by their patients? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:1810-1819. [PMID: 34251057 PMCID: PMC8420212 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristics of this pandemic increase the potential psychological impact on care homes workers (CHWs). The aims of this study were to analyse the mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of a broad sample of CHWs in Spain and to identify potential factors that have a significant effect on their mental health and HRQoL. METHOD This descriptive study comprised 210 CHWs who completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Impact Event Scale-Revised, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire. Sociodemographic and clinical data in relation to COVID-19 were also recorded. Descriptive statistics, univariable analysis and multivariable linear regression models were applied to identify factors associated with mental health and HRQoL. RESULTS Of total, 86.19% of participants were female; 86.67% were aged under 55 years; 11% were physicians and 64.19% were nurses or auxiliaries; 77.62% have themselves tested positive for Covid-19; and 67.94% of CHWs have directly treated patients with Covid-19. 49.28% had clinical depression; over half (58.57%) had clinical anxiety; 70.95% had clinical stress; and 28.57% had clinical insomnia. Increased use of tranquilizers/sedatives appears to be an explanatory variable of suffering greater anxiety, depression, stress and insomnia, and of having a worse HRQoL amongst our CHWs. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that symptomatology of anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia and HRQoL were affected amongst CHWs during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune Martín
- Research UnitGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain,Kronikgune Institute for Health Services ResearchBarakaldoSpain,Health Services Research on Chronic Diseases Network—REDISSECGaldakaoSpain
| | - Ángel Padierna
- Department of PsychiatryGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain
| | - Ane Villanueva
- Research UnitGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain,Kronikgune Institute for Health Services ResearchBarakaldoSpain
| | - José M. Quintana
- Research UnitGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain,Health Services Research on Chronic Diseases Network—REDISSECGaldakaoSpain
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189
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Necho M, Tsehay M, Birkie M, Biset G, Tadesse E. Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and psychological distress among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021; 67:892-906. [PMID: 33794717 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211003121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide epidemic declared by the world health organization as a public health emergency of concern and consequently inducing huge mental health and psychological reactions. AIMS This study is aimed to summarize the existing data regarding anxiety, depression, and psychological distress during the covid-19 pandemic among the wider population so that effective intervention strategies will be initiated. METHODS Pieces of literature that assessed anxiety, depression, and psychological distress among the general population during the COVID pandemic period were systematically gathered. Data extraction in Microsoft excel was done by two independent reviewers using predefined criteria. The analysis was done using a stata-11 and random effect model. A sub-group and sensitivity analysis was done. Besides, the funnel plot and eggers publication bias test was tested. RESULTS Sixteen studies that assessed 78,225 participants were included. Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis for anxiety prevalence. The average prevalence of anxiety was found to be 38.12%. A sub-group analysis showed that anxiety was 33.33% in China and 47.70% in other countries (Italy, Turkey, and India). Anxiety prevalence in studies measured with the DASS-21 scale, GAD-7 scale, and other tools (SAS, HADS, and 5-point Likert scale) was 23.4%, 40.73%, and 44.47% respectively. The prevalence of anxiety in studies that assessed a sample size above 2,000 participants was 40.33%. The average prevalence of depression among included studies was 34.31% and a sub-group analysis showed that depression was higher in China (36.32%) than in other countries (28.3%). Moreover, six studies reported psychological distress and the average prevalence was 37.54%. CONCLUSION This study revealed that anxiety, depression, and psychological distress are potential public mental health problems of the global community that suggests the need for early recognition and initiation of interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogesie Necho
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Tsehay
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mengesha Birkie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Gebyaw Biset
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Erkihun Tadesse
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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190
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Wartko PD, Weiss NS, Enquobahrie DA, Chan KCG, Stephenson-Famy A, Mueller BA, Dublin S. Maternal Gestational Weight Gain in Relation to Antidepressant Continuation in Pregnancy. Am J Perinatol 2021; 38:1442-1452. [PMID: 32604448 PMCID: PMC8487259 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both excessive and inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with adverse health outcomes for the woman and her child. Antidepressant use in pregnancy could affect GWG, based on evidence in nonpregnant women that some antidepressants may cause weight gain and others weight loss. Previous studies of antidepressant use and GWG were small with limited ability to account for confounding, including by maternal mental health status and severity. We assessed the association of antidepressant continuation in pregnancy with GWG among women using antidepressants before pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN Our retrospective cohort study included singleton livebirths from 2001 to 2014 within Kaiser Permanente Washington, an integrated health care system. Data were obtained from electronic health records and linked Washington State birth records. Among women with ≥1 antidepressant fill within 6 months before pregnancy, women who filled an antidepressant during pregnancy were considered "continuers;" women without a fill were "discontinuers." We calculated mean differences in GWG and relative risks (RR) of inadequate and excessive weight gain based on Institute of Medicine guidelines. Using inverse probability of treatment weighting with generalized estimating equations, we addressed differences in maternal characteristics, including mental health conditions. RESULTS Among the 2,887 births, 1,689 (59%) were to women who continued antidepressants in pregnancy and 1,198 (42%) were to discontinuers. After accounting for confounding, continuers had similar weight gain to those who discontinued (mean difference: 1.3 lbs, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.1 to 2.8 lbs) and similar risks of inadequate and excessive GWG (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.80-1.14 and RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.98-1.14, respectively). Findings were comparable for specific antidepressants and trimesters of exposure. CONCLUSION We did not find evidence that continuation of antidepressants in pregnancy led to differences in GWG. KEY POINTS · Antidepressant use is associated with weight change in nonpregnant populations.. · Prior evidence on whether antidepressant use in pregnancy affects gestational weight gain is sparse.. · We accounted for confounding by characteristics such as mental health conditions and their severity.. · We found no association between pregnancy antidepressant continuation and gestational weight gain..
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige D Wartko
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington.,Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute,
Seattle, Washington
| | - Noel S Weiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - KC Gary Chan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Beth A Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sascha Dublin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington.,Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute,
Seattle, Washington
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191
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Roberts H, Helbich M. Multiple environmental exposures along daily mobility paths and depressive symptoms: A smartphone-based tracking study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106635. [PMID: 34030073 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Few studies go beyond the residential environment in assessments of the environment-mental health association, despite multiple environments being encountered in daily life. This study investigated 1) the associations between multiple environmental exposures and depressive symptoms, both in the residential environment and along the daily mobility path, 2) examined differences in the strength of associations between residential- and mobility-based models, and 3) explored sex as a moderator. Depressive symptoms of 393 randomly sampled adults aged 18-65 were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Respondents were tracked via global positioning systems- (GPS) enabled smartphones for up to 7 days. Exposure to green space (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)), blue space, noise (Lden) and air pollution (particulate matter (PM2.5)) within 50 m and 100 m of each residential address and GPS point was computed. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted separately for the residential- and mobility-based exposures. Wald tests were used to assess if the coefficients differed across models. Interaction terms were entered in fully adjusted models to determine if associations varied by sex. A significant negative relationship between green space and depressive symptoms was found in the fully adjusted residential- and mobility-based models using the 50 m buffer. No significant differences were observed in coefficients across models. None of the interaction terms were significant. Our results suggest that exposure to green space in the immediate environment, both at home and along the daily mobility path, is associated with a reduction in depressive symptoms. Further research is required to establish the utility of dynamic approaches to exposure assessment in studies on the environment and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Roberts
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Marco Helbich
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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192
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Treffers E, Duijndam S, Schiffer AS, Scherders MJ, Habibović M, Denollet J. Validity of the 15-item social inhibition questionnaire in outpatients receiving psychological or psychiatric treatment: The association between social inhibition and affective symptoms. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2021; 73:1-8. [PMID: 34482278 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social inhibition may promote symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults from an outpatient hospital population. The current work builds on a previously corroborated construct of social inhibition and examines the psychometric properties of this assessment tool and its predictive validity in the adult outpatient hospital population. METHODS A total of 350 adult outpatients receiving treatment at the department of Medical Psychology or Psychiatry completed measures of social inhibition and symptoms of anxiety (7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale) and depression (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire). Factor analyses, reliability estimates, and regression analyses were used to replicate the robustness of the model of social inhibition, and the 15-item Social Inhibition Questionnaire (SIQ15). RESULTS In the current sample (N = 350; Mage = 45 years; 67.4% women), factor analyses confirmed the previously suggested three-factor model of social inhibition as measured by the SIQ15. The subscales of behavioral inhibition, interpersonal sensitivity and social withdrawal proved to be internally consistent (Cronbach's α between 0.87/0.95) and stable over time (test-retest reliability between r = 0.76/0.83). At baseline, interpersonal sensitivity and social withdrawal were associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. At three months follow-up, only interpersonal sensitivity was related to depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Social inhibition is associated with anxiety and depression at baseline and can be reliably assessed with the SIQ15 in an outpatient hospital population. The association of interpersonal sensitivity with depressive symptoms at three-month follow-up suggests an important aim for future research on the development of preventive methods for affective symptoms in socially inhibited outpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Treffers
- Department of Medical Psychology, Catharina Ziekenhuis Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - S Duijndam
- Tilburg University, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, and Center of Research on Psychology and Somatic disorders (CoRPS), Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | - A S Schiffer
- Department of Medical Psychology, Catharina Ziekenhuis Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - M J Scherders
- Department of Medical Psychology, Catharina Ziekenhuis Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Catharina Ziekenhuis Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - M Habibović
- Tilburg University, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, and Center of Research on Psychology and Somatic disorders (CoRPS), Tilburg, the Netherlands; Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - J Denollet
- Tilburg University, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, and Center of Research on Psychology and Somatic disorders (CoRPS), Tilburg, the Netherlands
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193
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Rogers R, Hartigan SE, Sanders CE. Identifying Mental Disorders in Primary Care: Diagnostic Accuracy of the Connected Mind Fast Check (CMFC) Electronic Screen. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2021; 28:882-896. [PMID: 34609692 PMCID: PMC8491449 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-021-09820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary care physicians (PCPs) often daily address diagnoses and treatment of mental disorders in their practices. The current study examined the Connected Mind Fast Check (CMFC), a two-tiered electronic screen, assessing six common mental disorders. The eight-item Initial Screen assesses possible symptoms, whereas SAM modules establish provisional diagnoses and areas of clinical concern. With 234 patients from five independent PCP offices, diagnostic accuracy was tested with the SCID-5-RV as the external criterion. Concerningly, many patients were unaware of their current mental disorders and comorbidities. The CMFC Initial Screen evidenced strong sensitivity, identifying with very few missing diagnoses. About two-thirds of provisional SAM diagnoses were confirmed with high specificities. Bipolar Disorder posed the most challenges at both tiers. Importantly, the suicide screen identified all patients with suicide plans and three-fourths with ideation. In general, the CMFC effectively identified provisional diagnoses, impairment, and potential suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Rogers
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, 311280, USA.
| | - Sara E Hartigan
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, 311280, USA
| | - Courtney E Sanders
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, 311280, USA
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194
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Martín J, Padierna Á, Villanueva A, Quintana JM. Evaluation of the mental health of health professionals in the COVID-19 era. What mental health conditions are our health care workers facing in the new wave of coronavirus? Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14607. [PMID: 34231287 PMCID: PMC8420292 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to analyse the mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of a broad sample of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Spain and to identify potential factors that have a significant effect on their mental health and HRQoL. METHOD This prospective cohort study comprised 2089 HCWs who completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the health-related quality of life Questionnaire (EQ-5D). Sociodemographic and clinical data in relation to Covid-19 were also recorded. Descriptive statistics, univariable analysis and multivariable linear regression models were applied to identify factors associated with mental health and HRQoL. RESULTS 80.87% of participants were female and 19.13% male; 82.38% were aged under 55 years; 39.13% were physicians and 50.17% were nurses or auxiliaries; 80.42% of the health workers have directly treated patients with Covid-19 and 12.28% have themselves tested positive for Covid-19. 38.58% of HCWs had clinical depression; over half (51.75%) had clinical anxiety; 60.4% had clinical stress; and 21.57% had clinical insomnia. Older professionals (>55 years) reported lower rates of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and stress. Having worked directly with Covid-19 patients appears to be an explanatory variable of suffering greater anxiety, depression, stress and insomnia, and of having a worse HRQoL amongst our HCWs. The group of HCWs suffering the worst mental state were nursing home workers. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that symptomatology of anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, and HRQoL were affected amongst HCW during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune Martín
- Research UnitGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain
- Kronikgune Institute for Health Services ResearchBarakaldoSpain
- Health Services Research on Chronic Diseases Network – REDISSECGaldakaoSpain
| | - Ángel Padierna
- Department of PsychiatryGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain
| | - Ane Villanueva
- Research UnitGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain
- Kronikgune Institute for Health Services ResearchBarakaldoSpain
| | - José M. Quintana
- Research UnitGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain
- Health Services Research on Chronic Diseases Network – REDISSECGaldakaoSpain
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195
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Konyk K, Ricciardelli R, Taillieu T, Afifi TO, Groll D, Carleton RN. Assessing Relative Stressors and Mental Disorders among Canadian Provincial Correctional Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10018. [PMID: 34639320 PMCID: PMC8508585 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we quantified the mean stress levels of 43 occupational stressors for 868 Correctional Workers (CWs) and analyzed the relationships between occupational stressors, exposure to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs), and mental health disorders. Our findings emphasize the importance of the occupational environment in relation to CW mental health and indicate that occupational stressors (e.g., staff shortages, inconsistent leadership style, bureaucratic red tape) are more salient contributors to CW mental health than exposure to PPTEs. Finding strategies to ameliorate staff shortages, improve leadership style and communication, and support CWs to maintain physical, mental, and social well-being would be interventions tied to significant organizational and operational stressors within the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Konyk
- School of Social Work, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1E3, Canada;
| | - Rosemary Ricciardelli
- Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Tamara Taillieu
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada; (T.T.); (T.O.A.)
| | - Tracie O. Afifi
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada; (T.T.); (T.O.A.)
| | - Dianne Groll
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada;
| | - R. Nicholas Carleton
- Department of Psychology, Anxiety and Illness Behaviours Laboratory, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada;
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196
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Lu P, Yang L, Wang C, Xia G, Xiang H, Chen G, Jiang N, Ye T, Pang Y, Sun H, Yan L, Su Z, Heyworth J, Huxley R, Fisher J, Li S, Guo Y. Mental health of new undergraduate students before and after COVID-19 in China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18783. [PMID: 34552105 PMCID: PMC8458482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in severity of anxiety and depression symptoms, stress and sleeping quality after three months of mass quarantine for COVID-19 among undergraduate fresh students compared to their pre-COVID-19 measures. We used participants from the Chinese Undergraduate Cohort (CUC), a national prospective longitudinal study to examine the changes in anxiety and depression symptoms severity, stress and sleep quality after being under mass quarantine for three months. Wilcoxon matched pair signed-rank test was used to compare the lifestyle indicators. Severity of anxiety, depression symptoms, stress and sleep quality were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank test. We used generalized estimating equation (GEE) to further quantify the change in mental health indicators and sleep quality after the COVID-19 mass quarantine compared to baseline. This study found that there was no deterioration in mental health status among Chinese new undergraduate students in 2020 after COVID-19 mass quarantine compared with the baseline measures in 2019. There was an improvement in sleep quality and anxiety symptoms. After adjusting for age, sex, exercise habit, time spent on mobile gadgets, and time spent outdoors, year 2020 was significantly associated with severity of depression symptoms in males (OR:1.52. 95%CI:1.05-2.20, p-value = 0.027). Year 2020 was significantly associated with the improvement of sleeping quality in total (OR:0.45, 95%CI:0.38-0.52, p < 0.001) and in all the subgroups. This longitudinal study found no deterioration in mental health status among Chinese new undergraduate students after three months of mass quarantine for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guoxin Xia
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Xiang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yucheng Pang
- Department of Human Resources, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Lailai Yan
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenguo Su
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jane Heyworth
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Jane Fisher
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China. .,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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197
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Xu C, Shi Y, Yu X, Chang R, Wang H, Chen H, Wang R, Liu Y, Liu S, Cai Y, Ni Y, Wang S. The syndemic condition of psychosocial problems related to depression among sexually transmitted infections patients. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12022. [PMID: 34616597 PMCID: PMC8462369 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of depression in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) patients is much higher than general public. However, studies focusing on comprehensive psychosocial effects on depression among STIs patients are limited. This study aimed to examine association of multiple psychosocial syndemic conditions with depression among STIs patients in Shanghai, China. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study and recruited 910 STIs patients from Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital. Participants self-reported their demographics and themselves completed the scales of depression, self-esteem, loneliness, social support, entrapment, defeat and interpersonal needs. Logistic regressions were performed to detect the possible contributing psychosocial factors for depression and to verify the syndemic conditions of psychosocial problems. RESULTS Of the STIs patient sample, the prevalence of depression was 17.9%. Multivariable analysis showed low-level self-esteem (odds ratio [ORm]: 2.18, 95% CI [1.19-4.00]) and social support (ORm: 2.18, 95% CI [1.37-3.46]), high-level entrapment (ORm: 6.31, 95% CI [3.75-10.62]) and defeat (ORm: 2.60, 95% CI [1.51-4.48]) increased the risk of depression. Psychosocial syndemic conditions magnified effect in fusing depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 11.94, 95% CI [7.70-18.53]). Participants with more than 4 psychosocial problems were about 22 times more likely to have depression (AOR: 22.12, 95% CI [13.19-37.09]). CONCLUSIONS The psychosocial problems syndemic magnifying the risk of depression was confirmed and psychosocial interventions to prevent depression is needed among STIs patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijie Chang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huwen Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongxi Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangbin Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Ni
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Suping Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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198
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Villarreal-Zegarra D, Copez-Lonzoy A, Vilela-Estrada AL, Huarcaya-Victoria J. Depression, post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and fear of COVID-19 in the general population and health-care workers: prevalence, relationship, and explicative model in Peru. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:455. [PMID: 34530803 PMCID: PMC8445782 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study has two aims. First, determine the fit of the fear model to COVID-19, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress in the general population and health-care workers. Second, determine which model best explains the relationship between depression and the triad of fear, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress in both groups. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted using self-reported questionnaires for anxiety, fear of COVID-19, depression, and post-traumatic stress. Information was collected from adults living in Lima, the capital and the most populous city in Peru. The explanatory models were evaluated using a structural equation model. RESULTS A total of 830 participants were included, including general population (n = 640) and health-care workers (n = 190). A high overall prevalence of depressive symptoms (16%), anxiety (11.7%), and post-traumatic stress (14.9%) were identified. A higher prevalence of depressive, anxious, or stress symptoms was identified in the general population (28.6%) compared to health-care workers (17.9%). The triad model of fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and stress presented adequate goodness-of-fit indices for both groups. A model was identified that manages to explain depressive symptoms in more than 70% of the general population and health-care workers, based on the variables of the triad (CFI = 0.94; TLI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.06; SRMR = 0.06). In the general population post-traumatic stress mediated the relationship between anxiety and depression (β = 0.12; 95%CI = 0.06 to 0.18) which was significant, but the indirect effect of post-traumatic stress was not significant in health care workers (β = 0.03; 95%CI = - 0.11 to 0.19). LIMITATIONS The prevalence estimates relied on self-reported information. Other variables of interest, such as intolerance to uncertainty or income level, could not be evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Our study proposes and tests one model that explains more than 70% of depressive symptoms. This explanatory model can be used in health contexts and populations to determine how emotional factors can affect depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Villarreal-Zegarra
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad César Vallejo, Trujillo, Peru
- Instituto Peruano de Orientación Psicológica, Lima, Peru
| | - Anthony Copez-Lonzoy
- Instituto Peruano de Orientación Psicológica, Lima, Peru.
- Unidad de Investigación en Bibliometría, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
- Asociación Peruana de Profesionales de las Adicciones, Lima, Peru.
| | - Ana L Vilela-Estrada
- Instituto Peruano de Orientación Psicológica, Lima, Peru
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Peru
- Departamento Académico de Psiquiatría, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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Butcher E, Packham C, Williams M, Miksza J, Kaul A, Khunti K, Morriss R. Screening male prisoners for depression and anxiety with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 at NHS Healthcheck: patterns of symptoms and caseness threshold. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:446. [PMID: 34496806 PMCID: PMC8428050 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening for depression and anxiety disorders has been proposed in prison populations but little is known about caseness thresholds on commonly used self-report measures in relation to core symptoms, risk factors and symptom patterns. METHOD A cross-sectional prevalence survey measured depression and anxiety caseness (threshold scores > 10 and > 15 on PHQ-9 and GAD-7 and diagnostic algorithm on PHQ-9) in 1205 male prisoners aged 35-74 years eligible for an NHS Healthcheck from six English prisons. Caseness scores were compared with the presence or absence of daily core symptoms of depression and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), demographic, prison and cardiovascular risk factors. Cluster analysis was applied to PHQ-9 and GAD-7 items in prisoners scoring > 10 on PHQ-9. RESULTS 453(37.6%) and 249(20.7%) prisoners scored > 10 and > 15 respectively on PHQ-9; 216 (17.9%) had a depressive episode on the PHQ-9 algorithm; 378(31.4%) and 217(18.0%) scored > 10 and > 15 on GAD-7 respectively. Daily core items for depression were scored in 232(56.2%) and 139(74.3%) prisoners reaching > 10 and > 15 respectively on PHQ-9; daily core anxiety items in 282(74.9%) and 179(96.3%) reaching > 10 and > 15 on GAD-7. Young age, prison and previous high alcohol intake were associated with > 15 on the PHQ-9. Cluster analysis showed a cluster with core symptoms of depression, slowness, restlessness, suicidality, poor concentration, irritability or fear. Altered appetite, poor sleep, lack of energy, guilt or worthlessness belonged to other clusters and may not be indicative of depression. CONCLUSIONS In male prisoners > 35 years, a score of > 10 on the PHQ-9 over diagnoses depressive episodes but a score of > 10 on the GAD-7 may detect cases of GAD more efficiently. Further research utilising standardised psychiatric interviews is required to determine whether the diagnostic algorithm, a higher cut-off on the PHQ-9 or the profile of symptoms on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 used singly or in combination may be used to screen depressive episodes efficiently in prisoners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Butcher
- grid.412920.c0000 0000 9962 2336City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG5 1PB UK
| | - Christopher Packham
- grid.439378.20000 0001 1514 761XNottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, NG3 6AA UK
| | - Marie Williams
- grid.439378.20000 0001 1514 761XNottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, NG3 6AA UK
| | - Joanne Miksza
- grid.9918.90000 0004 1936 8411Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4PW UK
| | - Adarsh Kaul
- grid.439378.20000 0001 1514 761XNottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, NG3 6AA UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- grid.9918.90000 0004 1936 8411Primary Care Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4PW UK
| | - Richard Morriss
- Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2DU, UK.
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Wareing S, Sethares KA, Chin E, Ayotte B. Entry and Passage Variables Associated with Nursing Home Adjustment in Older Adults with Dementia. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 42:1084-1092. [PMID: 34418841 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A theory-guided non-experimental, descriptive, correlational design was used to evaluate how entry and passage variables were related to nursing home adjustment for individuals with dementia. Older adults with dementia may be unable to speak for themselves, therefore proxy responses of Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs) provided the data for completion of the Nursing Home Adjustment Scale.1 Guided by the Meleis' Theory of Transitions, entry level factors (i.e. age, previous residence, gender, and choice), and passage variables (i.e. length of stay, extent of dementia, functional abilities, and depression) were entered into a regression equation as predictors of nursing home adjustment. Information about extent of dementia, functional abilities and depression was derived from the Minimum Data Set (MDS) maintained for all residents per Medicare and Medicaid guidelines. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 26.0 software. Results indicated an inverse relationship between nursing home adjustment and depression as measured by the PHQ-9. There was no support for relationships among other variables. CNA proxy responses were found to be reliable in that they were significantly correlated with nursing responses on the same measure. This study supports the use of CNA proxy responses as a method to evaluate the experience of individuals with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Wareing
- Tristan Medical LLC, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, United States.
| | | | | | - Brian Ayotte
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, United States
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