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Group B streptococcus infections of soft tissue and bone in California adults, 1995-2012. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 143:3343-50. [PMID: 26418351 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) is an increasing cause of disease in adults. We present long-term trends in incidence of overall infections and identify characteristics of patients with GBS cellulitis, bone and joint infections. Active, population-based surveillance was conducted from 1995-2012 in three California counties and the data were analysed retrospectively. All cases had isolation of GBS from a normally sterile site. Cases of cellulitis were classified based on clinical diagnosis. GBS bone or joint infection was defined as isolation of GBS from a bone or joint or a diagnosis of osteomyelitis or septic arthritis. Medical charts were reviewed for demographic and clinical information. There were 3917 cases of GBS; the incidence of disease increased from 5·8 to 8·3 cases/100 000 persons (P < 0·001) from 1995 to 2012. In adults aged ⩾40 years, the overall incidence of GBS increased from 8·5 to 14·2 cases/100 000 (P < 0·001) persons during the study period. The incidence of cellulitis increased from 1·6 to 3·8 cases/100 000 (P < 0·001), bone infection increased from 0·7 to 2·6 cases/100 000 (P < 0·001), and the incidence of joint infection remained approximately constant at an average rate of 1·0 case/100 000. The highest incidence rates were observed in men, persons aged ⩾80 years, non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics. Diabetes was the most common underlying condition (51·2% cellulitis cases, 76·3% bone infections, 29·8% joint infections).
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Sundaram V, Kaung A, Rajaram A, Lu SC, Tran TT, Nissen NN, Klein AS, Jalan R, Charlton MR, Jeon CY. Obesity is independently associated with infection in hospitalised patients with end-stage liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42:1271-80. [PMID: 26510540 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection is the most common cause of mortality in end-stage liver disease (ESLD). The impact of obesity on infection risk in ESLD is not established. AIM To characterise the impact of obesity on infection risk in ESLD. METHODS We evaluated the association between infection and obesity in patients with ESLD. Patients grouped as non-obese, obesity class I-II and obesity class III were studied using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Validated diagnostic code based algorithms were utilised to determine weight category and infections, including bacteraemia, skin/soft tissue infection, urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia/respiratory infection, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Risk factors for infection and mortality were assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Of 115 465 patients identified, 100 957 (87.5%) were non-obese and 14 508 (12.5%) were obese, with 9489 (8.2%) as obesity class I-II and 5019 (4.3%) as obesity class III. 37 117 patients (32.1%) had an infection diagnosis. Infection was most prevalent among obesity class III (44.0%), followed by obesity class I-II (38.9%) and then non-obese (31.9%). In multivariable modelling, class III obesity (OR = 1.41; 95% CI 1.32-1.51; P < 0.001), and class I-II obesity (OR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.01-1.15; P = 0.026) were associated with infection. Compared to non-obese patients, obese individuals had greater prevalence of bacteraemia, UTI, and skin/soft tissue infection as compared to non-obese patients. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is newly identified to be independently associated with infection in end-stage liver disease. The distribution of infection sites varies based on weight category.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sundaram
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Kaung
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Rajaram
- Department of Medicine, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Henderson, NV, USA
| | - S C Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T T Tran
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N N Nissen
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A S Klein
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Jalan
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, UCL Medical School, London, UK
| | - M R Charlton
- Department of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, USA
| | - C Y Jeon
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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153
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Woodruff CM, Charlie AM, Leslie KS. Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Guide for the Practicing Physician. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:1679-93. [PMID: 26653298 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory disease of apocrine gland-bearing skin. Although immunologic derangements, genetic predisposition, obesity, and smoking are likely important factors, the pathogenesis of the disease and the effect of available treatments on disease course have not been fully elucidated. In the absence of proper treatment, chronic inflammation results in diffuse scarring and a wide array of complications, including the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. This severe and chronic disease can have detrimental effects on self-esteem and quality of life. No ideal treatment regimen has been defined, but several therapies have been found to reduce lesion severity and improve symptoms. We reviewed the literature through July 2014 for existing treatments. Published articles were obtained via systematic review of medical databases (PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar) and scrutiny of citation lists using the search terms "hidradenitis suppurativa" and "acne inversa". Given the scarce literature on treatment strategies, we also reviewed data from any case reports or prospective and retrospective studies that were located. On the basis of the existing literature, we provide an evidence-based algorithm for the management of this disease in the primary care setting. More research is needed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of topical and systemic treatments and to better understand the pathogenesis, natural history, and subtypes of hidradenitis suppurativa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina M Woodruff
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Abbas M Charlie
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Kieron S Leslie
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco.
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154
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Purim KSM, Titski ACK, Leite N. Dermatological aspects influencing the practice of physical activities by obese individuals. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-5150.028.004.ar02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective : The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the major skin diseases affecting obese individuals and their influence on physical activity. Methods : Relevant articles were identified by systematically searching PubMed from 2000 to 2014, using the descriptors "skin diseases" and "obesity", "skin disease" and "obesity", "skin diseases" and "physical activity", "skin disease" and "physical activity". The PEDro Scale (in Brazilian Portuguese) was used to rate the methodological quality of the studies. Results : A total of 320 articles were examined in the first phase. In the end, 11 articles met the proposed criteria and were included for analysis in the systematic review. We investigated cutaneous manifestations of diseases and classified them according to their effects under 5 categories: metabolic (n = 10), aesthetic (n = 7), inflammatory (n = 6), mechanical (n = 5) and infectious (n = 3). The most frequent dermatoses among obese were acanthosis nigricans, acrochordon (skin tags), stretch marks, plantar keratodermia, intertrigo, bacterial and fungal infections. Acanthosis nigricans was found to be the most important metabolic implication of obesity. Conclusion : Although neglected, skin lesions are common in obesity and have implications for physical activity because they cause pain, discomfort, friction, infection, inflammation, embarrassment, limitation or difficulty of movement. Strategies to promote skin health may result in a better integration of physical activity into routine therapy and improve the quality of life of obese individuals.
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Bettoli V, Naldi L, Cazzaniga S, Zauli S, Atzori L, Borghi A, Capezzera R, Caproni M, Cardinali C, DeVita V, Donini M, Fabbrocini G, Gimma A, Pasquinucci S, Patrizi A, Pinna A, Raone B, Ricci M, Virgili A, Balestri R. Overweight, diabetes and disease duration influence clinical severity in hidradenitis suppurativa–acne inversa: evidence from the national Italian registry. Br J Dermatol 2015; 174:195-7. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Bettoli
- Section of Dermatology Department of Medical Sciences University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - L. Naldi
- Department of Dermatology Azienda Ospedaliera papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo Italy
- Centro Studi GISED Fondazione per la Ricerca Ospedale Maggiore (FROM) Bergamo Italy
| | - S. Cazzaniga
- Centro Studi GISED Fondazione per la Ricerca Ospedale Maggiore (FROM) Bergamo Italy
| | - S. Zauli
- Section of Dermatology Department of Medical Sciences University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - L. Atzori
- Dermatology Clinic University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - A. Borghi
- Section of Dermatology Department of Medical Sciences University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - R. Capezzera
- Operative Unit of Dermatology SS. Giovanni e Paolo Hospital Venice Italy
| | - M. Caproni
- 1st Dermatology Clinic ASF – S.O.S. Cutaneous Immunopathology and Rare Dermatological Diseases University of Florence Florence Italy
| | | | - V. DeVita
- Section of Dermatology Department of Clinical and Surgical Medicine Federico II University Napoli Italy
| | - M. Donini
- Operative Unit of Dermatology SS. Giovanni e Paolo Hospital Venice Italy
| | - G. Fabbrocini
- Section of Dermatology Department of Clinical and Surgical Medicine Federico II University Napoli Italy
| | - A. Gimma
- Operative Unit of Dermatology USL 4 Prato Italy
| | - S. Pasquinucci
- Operative Unit of Dermatology SS. Giovanni e Paolo Hospital Venice Italy
| | - A. Patrizi
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine Dermatology University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - A.L. Pinna
- Dermatology Clinic University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - B. Raone
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine Dermatology University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - M. Ricci
- Section of Dermatology Department of Medical Sciences University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - A. Virgili
- Section of Dermatology Department of Medical Sciences University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - R. Balestri
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine Dermatology University of Bologna Bologna Italy
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Martorell A, García-Martínez F, Jiménez-Gallo D, Pascual J, Pereyra-Rodriguez J, Salgado L, Vilarrasa E. Actualización en hidradenitis supurativa (I): epidemiología, aspectos clínicos y definición de severidad de la enfermedad. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2015; 106:703-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Martorell A, García-Martínez F, Jiménez-Gallo D, Pascual J, Pereyra-Rodriguez J, Salgado L, Vilarrasa E. An Update on Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Part I): Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects, and Definition of Disease Severity. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
Necrotizing fasciitis is a soft tissue infection uncommonly described in children and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality if not treated early and aggressively. Reports of cases involving the upper torso are rare in general. In adults, necrotizing fasciitis is most commonly described in the abdomen, perineum, and extremities. For children, particularly neonates, necrotizing fasciitis most commonly involves the trunk presenting as omphalitis. In this report, we describe 2 pediatric cases of necrotizing fasciitis of the chest wall that presented within 6 months from each other at Los Angeles County Hospital/University of Southern California Pediatric Emergency Department. Both cases involved previously healthy children with above normal body mass indices of 36 and 25.6, respectively. These cases are noteworthy because of the rarity of necrotizing fasciitis among children especially in the chest wall, atypical presentation with nonspecific symptoms which made the diagnosis challenging, and suggestion that obesity may be a potential risk factor. Despite the rarity of this disease, the information presented in these cases may aid in raising the index of suspicion for diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis.
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160
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Epidermal Fatty Acid binding protein promotes skin inflammation induced by high-fat diet. Immunity 2015; 42:953-964. [PMID: 25992864 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Defining specific cellular and molecular mechanisms in most obesity-related diseases remains an important challenge. Here we report a serendipitous finding that consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) greatly increased the occurrence of skin lesions in C57BL/6 mice. We demonstrated that HFD induced the accumulation of a specific type of CD11c(+) macrophages in skin preceding detectable lesions. These cells primed skin to induce IL-1β and IL-18 signaling, which further promoted the cytokines IFN-γ- and IL-17-mediated skin inflammation. Mechanistically, epidermal fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP) was significantly upregulated in skin of obese mice, which coupled lipid droplet formation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Deficiency of E-FABP in obese mice decreased recruitment of CD11c(+) macrophages in skin tissues, reduced production of IL-1β and IL-18, and consequently dampened activation of effector T cells. Furthermore, E-FABP-deficient mice are completely resistant to HFD-induced skin lesions. Collectively, E-FABP represents a molecular sensor triggering HFD-induced skin inflammation.
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161
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Khalsa A, Liu G, Kirby JS. Increased utilization of emergency department and inpatient care by patients with hidradenitis suppurativa. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 73:609-14. [PMID: 26190241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic cutaneous disease with acutely painful flares. In a prior study of all-cause utilization, patients with HS had higher utilization of emergency department (ED) and inpatient care. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess utilization of medical care specifically related to HS, especially high-cost settings. METHODS The MarketScan medical claims database was examined for participants with either HS or psoriasis based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes, during the study period, January 2008 to December 2012. This was a cohort cost-identification study with analyses of utilization measures and direct costs. RESULTS The proportion of the HS cohort hospitalized was 5.1% and was higher than the psoriasis cohort (1.6%) (P < .0001). The proportion of patients who used the ED was also higher in the HS cohort (7.4% vs 2.6%, P < .0001). When compared with a subset of patients with severe psoriasis, the proportions of patients with HS who used the ED (7.4% vs 4.2%, P < .0001) or inpatient care (5.1% vs 2.5%, P < .0001) remained elevated. LIMITATIONS The study sample may not be generalizable to other patient populations and may represent those with more severe disease. Pharmaceutical costs were not included and confounding factors such as race, socioeconomic status, and insurance type were not investigated. CONCLUSION Patients with HS had increased utilization of high-cost settings, such as the ED and inpatient care, compared with patients with psoriasis, another chronic inflammatory disease. Both patients and providers should be aware of this finding and further work is needed to incorporate assessment of patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Khalsa
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Joslyn S Kirby
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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Suehiro K, Morikage N, Murakami M, Yamashita O, Harada T, Ueda K, Samura M, Hamano K. A study of increase in leg volume during complex physical therapy for leg lymphedema using subcutaneous tissue ultrasonography. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2015; 3:295-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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163
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Butzelaar L, Soykan EA, Galindo Garre F, Beelen RH, Ulrich MM, Niessen FB, Mink van der Molen AB. Going into surgery: Risk factors for hypertrophic scarring. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 23:531-7. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisolette Butzelaar
- Department of Plastic-, Reconstructive- and Hand Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Ezgi A. Soykan
- Department of Plastic-, Reconstructive- and Hand Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Francisca Galindo Garre
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; University Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Robert H.J. Beelen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Magda M. Ulrich
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Association of Dutch Burn Centers; Beverwijk The Netherlands
| | - Frank B. Niessen
- Department of Plastic-, Reconstructive- and Hand Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
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164
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Insulin resistance and skin diseases. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:479354. [PMID: 25977937 PMCID: PMC4419263 DOI: 10.1155/2015/479354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In medical practice, almost every clinician may encounter patients with skin disease. However, it is not always easy for physicians of all specialties to face the daily task of determining the nature and clinical implication of dermatologic manifestations. Are they confined to the skin, representing a pure dermatologic event? Or are they also markers of internal conditions relating to the patient's overall health? In this review, we will discuss the principal cutaneous conditions which have been linked to metabolic alterations. Particularly, since insulin has an important role in homeostasis and physiology of the skin, we will focus on the relationships between insulin resistance (IR) and skin diseases, analyzing strongly IR-associated conditions such as acanthosis nigricans, acne, and psoriasis, without neglecting emerging and potential scenarios as the ones represented by hidradenitis suppurativa, androgenetic alopecia, and hirsutism.
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165
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O'Malley E, Ahern T, Dunlevy C, Lehane C, Kirby B, O'Shea D. Obesity-related chronic lymphoedema-like swelling and physical function. QJM 2015; 108:183-7. [PMID: 25086107 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcu155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 40 kg/m(2)) have an 85% higher mortality than people with a healthy BMI. Poor physical function may contribute to this excess mortality. Lymphoedema-like swelling can affect the legs of severely obese people with normal lymphoscintigraphy. AIM We sought to determine the relationship between the presence of lymphoedema-like swelling and physical function in the severely obese. DESIGN AND METHODS In people with severe obesity, we ascertained whether lower leg lymphoedema-like swelling was present and determined the circumference of the lower leg, time taken to ascend and descend a 17-cm step 50 times and time taken to walk 500 m. RESULTS The 330 participants, 33% of whom were male, were aged 43.4 ± 12.7 years (mean ± standard deviation) and had a BMI of 51.7 ± 8.4 kg/m(2). Lymphoedema-like swelling was present in approximately one-third (n = 108) in whom a prior history of cellulitis and venous thromboembolism was more common (relative risks 6.16 and 3.86, respectively) than in those without lymphoedema-like swelling. Participants with lymphoedema-like swelling, compared with non-affected counterparts, had a higher lower leg circumference (35.0 ± 7.1 vs. 32.4 ± 4.8 cm), a slower step speed (0.40 ± 0.12 vs. 0.43 ± 0.10 steps/s) and a slower walking speed (0.97 ± 0.37 vs. 1.08 ± 0.30 m/s, P < 0.05 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS In this cross-sectional study, 33% of our severely obese participants had lymphoedema-like swelling. Participants with lymphoedema-like swelling had worse physical function than those without. This association was independent of BMI. The presence of obesity-related chronic lymphoedema-like swelling should lead to interventions that improve physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O'Malley
- From the Weight Management Service, St Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown, County Dublin, Obesity Research Group and Dermatology Research Group, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - T Ahern
- From the Weight Management Service, St Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown, County Dublin, Obesity Research Group and Dermatology Research Group, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland From the Weight Management Service, St Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown, County Dublin, Obesity Research Group and Dermatology Research Group, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland From the Weight Management Service, St Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown, County Dublin, Obesity Research Group and Dermatology Research Group, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - C Dunlevy
- From the Weight Management Service, St Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown, County Dublin, Obesity Research Group and Dermatology Research Group, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - C Lehane
- From the Weight Management Service, St Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown, County Dublin, Obesity Research Group and Dermatology Research Group, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - B Kirby
- From the Weight Management Service, St Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown, County Dublin, Obesity Research Group and Dermatology Research Group, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - D O'Shea
- From the Weight Management Service, St Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown, County Dublin, Obesity Research Group and Dermatology Research Group, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland From the Weight Management Service, St Columcille's Hospital, Loughlinstown, County Dublin, Obesity Research Group and Dermatology Research Group, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
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166
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Epidermal permeability barrier in the treatment of keratosis pilaris. Dermatol Res Pract 2015; 2015:205012. [PMID: 25802513 PMCID: PMC4354723 DOI: 10.1155/2015/205012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. To evaluate and compare the efficacy, safety, hydrating properties, and tolerability of 10% lactic acid (LA) and 5% salicylic acid (SA) in the therapy of keratosis pilaris (KP). Material and Method. Patients with KP were randomized for treatment with either 10% LA or 5% SA creams being applied twice daily for 3 months. The patients were clinically assessed at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks after treatment. The functional properties of the stratum corneum (SC) were determined before treatment, 12 weeks, and follow-up phase by high-frequency conductance and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Results. At the end of the trial, the mean reduction of the lesions from baseline was statistically significant for 10% LA (66%) and 5% SA (52%). During the treatment, higher conductance values were found on both group and this improvement was maintained until the follow up period. No significant differences in transepidermal water loss were observed after treatment. The adverse effects were limited to mild irritation localized on the skin without systemic side effect. Conclusion. The study demonstrated that 10% LA and 5% SA are beneficial to treat KP with the significantly clearance and marked improvement as by instrumental evaluation.
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167
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Sebaceous gland, hair shaft, and epidermal barrier abnormalities in keratosis pilaris with and without filaggrin deficiency. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1012-21. [PMID: 25660180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although keratosis pilaris (KP) is common, its etiopathogenesis remains unknown. KP is associated clinically with ichthyosis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis and molecular genetically with filaggrin-null mutations. In 20 KP patients and 20 matched controls, we assessed the filaggrin and claudin 1 genotypes, the phenotypes by dermatoscopy, and the morphology by light and transmission electron microscopy. Thirty-five percent of KP patients displayed filaggrin mutations, demonstrating that filaggrin mutations only partially account for the KP phenotype. Major histologic and dermatoscopic findings of KP were hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, mild T helper cell type 1-dominant lymphocytic inflammation, plugging of follicular orifices, striking absence of sebaceous glands, and hair shaft abnormalities in KP lesions but not in unaffected skin sites. Changes in barrier function and abnormal paracellular permeability were found in both interfollicular and follicular stratum corneum of lesional KP, which correlated ultrastructurally with impaired extracellular lamellar bilayer maturation and organization. All these features were independent of filaggrin genotype. Moreover, ultrastructure of corneodesmosomes and tight junctions appeared normal, immunohistochemistry for claudin 1 showed no reduction in protein amounts, and molecular analysis of claudin 1 was unremarkable. Our findings suggest that absence of sebaceous glands is an early step in KP pathogenesis, resulting in downstream hair shaft and epithelial barrier abnormalities.
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168
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Kinge JM, Morris S. Association between obesity and prescribed medication use in England. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2014; 15:47-55. [PMID: 25051052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the association between obesity and use of prescribed medications in England. Data were taken from fourteen rounds of the Health Survey for England (1999-2012), which has measures of current prescribed medication use based on therapeutic classifications in the British National Formulary, and nurse-measured height and weight. We find that obesity has a statistically significant and positive association with use of a range of medicines for managing diseases associated with obesity. The mean probability of using any type of medication is 0.40 in those of normal weight, 0.44 in the overweight, 0.52 in obesity class I and 0.60 in obesity class II/III. Significant positive associations were found between obesity and the use of medication for diseases of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal system, respiratory system, and central nervous system, as well as for infections, endocrine system disorders, gynaecological/urinary disorders and musculoskeletal and joint disorders. Use of anti-obesity medication is low, even among those with class II/III obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Minet Kinge
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postboks 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway; Statistics Norway, Research Department, Postboks 8131 Dep, 0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Stephen Morris
- University College London, Department of Applied Health Research, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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169
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Pérez-Rodríguez IM, Ocampo-Garza J, Garza-Chapa JI, Ocampo-Candiani J. Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa as a manifestation of morbid obesity. BMJ Case Rep 2014; 2014:bcr-2014-207574. [PMID: 25406220 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-207574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Garza
- Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González" Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Juana Irma Garza-Chapa
- Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González" Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González" Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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170
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Shon MS, Lee Y, Song JH, Park T, Lee JK, Kim M, Park E, Kim GN. Anti-aging Potential of Extracts Prepared from Fruits and Medicinal Herbs Cultivated in the Gyeongnam Area of Korea. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 19:178-86. [PMID: 25320715 PMCID: PMC4195623 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2014.19.3.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Many recent studies have focused on maintaining a healthy life by preventing and/or postponing the aging process. Numerous studies have reported that continuous exposure to reactive oxygen species can stimulate skin aging and that excessive accumulation of fat can cause an impaired skin barrier and tissue structure alterations. Thus, the maintenance of antioxidant homeostasis and the suppression of adipose accumulation are important strategies for skin anti-aging. Here, we prepared three types of extracts [whole juice, acetone-perchloric acid (PCA), and ethanol] from 20 fruits and medicinal herbs native to the Gyeongnam area of Korea. The total phenolic content of each extract was analyzed, and we observed higher total phenolic contents in the medicinal herbs. Consistent with this, the results of the oxygen radical absorbance activity capacity assay indicated that the in vitro antioxidant activities of the medicinal herb extracts were stronger than those of the fruit extracts. The fruits and medicinal herbs had strong effects on cell-based systems, including H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human keratinocytes and 3T3-L1 lipid accumulation. Nishimura Wase persimmon, Taishu persimmon, wrinkled giant hyssop, sweet wormwood, Chinese cedar, red perilla, tan shen, hiyodori-jogo, and cramp bark may be natural anti-aging materials with effective antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activities. Taken together, our findings may provide scientific evidence supporting the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals from fruits and medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Soo Shon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 631-701, Korea
| | - Yunjeong Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 631-701, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 631-701, Korea
| | - Taehyun Park
- Division of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 631-701, Korea
| | - Jun Kyoung Lee
- Division of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 631-701, Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- R&D Division, Food & Nutrition Analysis Team, Hurom L.S. Co., Ltd., Gyeongnam 621-844, Korea
| | - Eunju Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 631-701, Korea
| | - Gyo-Nam Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 631-701, Korea
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171
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Evans JD, Udeani G, Cole P, Friedland HD. Ceftaroline fosamil for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections in obese patients. Postgrad Med 2014; 126:128-34. [PMID: 25295657 DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2014.09.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ceftaroline fosamil is a broad-spectrum antibiotic approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. The Clinical Assessment Program and Teflaro Utilization Registry (CAPTURE) is a multicenter registry study of patients treated with ceftaroline fosamil in the United States for ABSSSI or community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical effectiveness of ceftaroline fosamil in the treatment of ABSSSI in obese patients [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30] compared with patients with a normal BMI (18.5 to ≤ 24.9). METHODS Data were collected at US study centers by randomly ordered chart review. RESULTS Data from 261 patients with a normal BMI and 690 patients with an obese BMI were collected. The percentage of males was higher in the normal BMI than in the obese category (58.2% and 49.0%, respectively). The mean and median ages at baseline were similar. Most patients (91%) were treated on a general hospital ward, and the mean and median lengths of stay were similar between the 2 groups (approximately 11 days and 7 days, respectively). A total of 73.2% of normal BMI patients and 77.5% of obese patients were discharged to home. Rates of diabetes mellitus were 26.4% in the normal BMI group and 55.1% in the obese group. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 26.1% of normal BMI patients and 20.5% of obese patients (16.4% morbidly obese subset). Mean treatment duration for all patients was 5.9 days. Of patients with a normal BMI, 57.5% received ceftaroline fosamil as monotherapy as did 63.3% of obese patients. Clinical success was high in both the normal BMI (85.1%) and the obese (89.0%) groups. CONCLUSION Ceftaroline fosamil is an effective treatment option for obese patients with ABSSSI with a similar clinical success rate, mean and median length of stay, and discharge destination to home when compared with normal BMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Evans
- Director of Pharmacy Services, CHRISTUS Spohn Hospital-Alice, Alice, TX.
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172
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Stamatas GN, Lopes-DaCunha A, Nkengne A, Bertin C. Biophysical properties of striae distensae evaluatedin vivousing non-invasive assays. Skin Res Technol 2014; 21:254-8. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. N. Stamatas
- Skin Care R&D; Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France; Issy les Moulineaux France
| | - A. Lopes-DaCunha
- Skin Care R&D; Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France; Issy les Moulineaux France
| | - A. Nkengne
- Skin Care R&D; Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France; Issy les Moulineaux France
| | - C. Bertin
- Skin Care R&D; Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France; Issy les Moulineaux France
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173
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Baselga Torres E, Torres-Pradilla M. Cutaneous Manifestations in Children with Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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174
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Khandelwal P, Stryker S, Chao H, Aranibar N, Lawrence RM, Madireddi M, Zhao W, Chen L, Reily MD. 1H NMR-based lipidomics of rodent fur: species-specific lipid profiles and SCD1 inhibitor-related dermal toxicity. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1366-74. [PMID: 24755647 PMCID: PMC4076068 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m049155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A method is described that allows noninvasive identification and quantitative assessment of lipid classes present in sebaceous excretions in rodents. The method relies on direct high-field proton NMR analysis of common group lipid protons in deuterated organic solvent extracts of fur. Extracts from as little as 15 mg of fur from rat, mouse, and hamster provided acceptable results on a 600 MHz NMR equipped with a cryogenically cooled proton-observe probe. In rats, sex- and age-related differences in lipid composition are larger than differences in fur collected from various body regions within an individual and much larger than interanimal differences in age- and sex-matched specimens. The utility of this method to noninvasively monitor drug-induced sebaceous gland atrophy in rodents is demonstrated in rats dosed with a stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) inhibitor. In this model, a 35% reduction in sebum lipids, extracted from fur, was observed. Finally, structural elucidation of cholesta-7,24-dien-3β-ol ester as the most prominent, previously unidentified sebum sterol ester in male Syrian hamsters is described. The utility of this method for drug and cosmetic safety and efficacy assessment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Khandelwal
- Applied and Investigative Metabolomics Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ
| | - Steven Stryker
- Applied and Investigative Metabolomics Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ
| | - Hannguang Chao
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ
| | - Nelly Aranibar
- Applied and Investigative Metabolomics Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ
| | | | | | - Wenjun Zhao
- Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ
| | - Luping Chen
- Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ
| | - Michael D. Reily
- Applied and Investigative Metabolomics Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ
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175
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Cintra Júnior W, Modolin MLA, Rocha RI, Fernandes TR, Nogueira AB, Gemperli R. Results of surgical treatment of massive localized lymphedema in severely obese patients. Rev Col Bras Cir 2014; 41:18-22. [PMID: 24770769 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912014000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to evaluate the importance of treatment of deformities caused by massive localized lymphedema (MLL) in the severely obese. METHODS in a period of seven years, nine patients with morbid obesity and a mean age of 33 years underwent surgical resection of massive localized lymphedema with primary synthesis. This is a retrospective study on the surgical technique, complication rates and improved quality of life. RESULTS all patients reported significant improvement after surgery, with greater range of motion, ambulation with ease and more effective hygiene. Histological analysis demonstrated the existence of a chronic inflammatory process marked by lymphomonocitary infiltrate and severe tissue edema. We observed foci of necrosis, formation of microabscesses, points of suppuration and local fibrosis organization, and pachydermia. The lymphatic vessels and some blood capillaries were increased, depicting a framework of linfangiectasias. CONCLUSION surgical treatment of MLL proved to be important for improving patients' quality of life, functionally rehabilitating them and optimizing multidisciplinary follow-up of morbid obesity, with satisfactory surgical results and acceptable complication rates, demonstrating the importance of treatment and awareness about the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rolf Gemperli
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo
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176
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Cutaneous manifestations in children with diabetes mellitus and obesity. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2014; 105:546-57. [PMID: 24698434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are chronic diseases that affect people all over the world, and their incidence is increasing in both children and adults. Clinically, they affect a number of organs, including the skin. The cutaneous manifestations caused or aggravated by obesity and diabetes are varied and usually bear some relation to the time that has elapsed since the onset of the disease. They include soft fibromas, acanthosis nigricans, striae, xerosis, keratosis pilaris, plantar hyperkeratosis, fungal and bacterial skin infections, granuloma annulare, necrobiosis lipoidica, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. In this review article we present the skin changes found in children with diabetes mellitus and obesity and related syndromes and highlight the importance of the skin as a tool for establishing clinical suspicion and early diagnosis of systemic disease.
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177
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Rivera-Gonzalez G, Shook B, Horsley V. Adipocytes in skin health and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 4:4/3/a015271. [PMID: 24591537 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a015271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes are intimately associated with the dermal compartment of the skin, existing in a specialized dermal depot and displaying dynamic changes in size during tissue homeostasis. However, the roles of adipocytes in cutaneous biology and disease are not well understood. Traditionally, adipocytes within tissues were thought to act as reservoirs of energy, as thermal, or as structural support. In this review, we discuss recent studies revealing the cellular basis of the dynamic development and regenerative capacity of dermal adipocytes associated with the hair cycle and following injury. We discuss and speculate on potential roles of dermal adipocytes in cutaneous biology with an emphasis on communication during hair follicle growth and wound healing. Finally, we explore how alterations in the dermal adipose tissue may support clinical manifestations of cutaneous diseases such as lipodystrophy, obesity, and alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Rivera-Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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178
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Mirmirani P, Carpenter DM. Skin disorders associated with obesity in children and adolescents: a population-based study. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31:183-90. [PMID: 24329996 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Obesity in children is a major public health concern in the United States. The objectives of the current study were to determine the prevalence of various groups of cutaneous disorders in obese children and adolescents and to compare the use of dermatology services in obese subjects with that those with a normal body mass index (BMI). This was a retrospective, population-based study at the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Managed Healthcare System. The main outcome measures were the relative risk of cutaneous disorders associated with insulin resistance, androgen excess, bacterial infection, fungal infection, viral infection, inflammation, mechanical changes, and other skin conditions (hidradenitis, hyperhidrosis) in three weight groups (normal, overweight, obese) and the number of dermatology visits. A total of 248,775 subjects were included. Bivariate analyses showed a higher proportion of insulin resistance disorders, bacterial infection, fungal infection, inflammatory disorders, mechanical changes, and other skin conditions in obese subjects than in subjects with a normal BMI (p < 0.001). Disorders of androgen excess and viral infection were significantly less common in obese subjects (p < 0.001). Obese subjects had significantly lower odds of having at least one dermatology encounter than subjects with a normal BMI (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.88, 0.96, p = 0.003). Early onset obesity is associated with cutaneous disorders characterized by hyperproliferation, inflammation, bacterial and fungal infection, and mechanical changes but lower rates of disorders of androgen excess and viral infection. The use of dermatology services was not greater in obese patients. Heightened recognition and further analysis of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ that is capable of affecting the skin is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paradi Mirmirani
- Permanente Medical Group, Vallejo, California; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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179
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Plascencia Gómez A, Vega Memije M, Torres Tamayo M, Rodríguez Carreón A. Skin Disorders in Overweight and Obese Patients and Their Relationship With Insulin. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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180
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Obesity and surgical wound healing: a current review. ISRN OBESITY 2014; 2014:638936. [PMID: 24701367 PMCID: PMC3950544 DOI: 10.1155/2014/638936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The correlation between obesity and deficient wound healing has long been established. This review examines the current literature on the mechanisms involved in obesity-related perioperative morbidity. Methods. A literature search was performed using Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Internet searches. Keywords used include obesity, wound healing, adipose healing, and bariatric and surgical complications. Results. Substantial evidence exists demonstrating that obesity is associated with a number of postoperative complications. Specifically in relation to wound healing, explanations include inherent anatomic features of adipose tissue, vascular insufficiencies, cellular and composition modifications, oxidative stress, alterations in immune mediators, and nutritional deficiencies. Most recently, advances made in the field of gene array have allowed researchers to determine a few plausible alterations and deficiencies in obese individuals that contribute to their increased risk of morbidity and mortality, especially wound complications. Conclusion. While the literature discusses how obesity may negatively affect health on various of medical fronts, there is yet to be a comprehensive study detailing all the mechanisms involved in obesity-related morbidities in their entirety. Improved knowledge and understanding of obesity-induced physiological, cellular, molecular, and chemical changes will facilitate better assessments of surgical risks and outcomes and create efficient treatment protocols for improved patient care of the obese patient population.
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181
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Nelson JA, Fischer JP, Chung CU, West A, Tuggle CT, Serletti JM, Kovach SJ. Obesity and early complications following reduction mammaplasty: An analysis of 4545 patients from the 2005–2011 NSQIP datasets. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2014; 48:334-9. [DOI: 10.3109/2000656x.2014.886582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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182
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Suehiro K, Morikage N, Murakami M, Yamashita O, Ueda K, Samura M, Nakamur K, Hamano K. Subcutaneous tissue ultrasonography in legs with dependent edema and secondary lymphedema. Ann Vasc Dis 2014; 7:21-7. [PMID: 24719658 DOI: 10.3400/avd.oa.13-00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To elucidate the differences in subcutaneous ultrasound findings between dependent edema (DE) and secondary lower extremity lymphedema (LE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty legs in 10 patients with DE and 54 legs in 35 patients with LE, who first visited our clinic between April 2009 and December 2012, were studied retrospectively. Subcutaneous echogenicity and echo-free space (EFS) were assessed at 8 points on the thigh and leg using an 8-12 MHz ultrasound transducer. RESULTS In DE, echogenicity was increased most in the lower leg, without a difference between the medial and lateral side. The EFS was most remarkable in the lower leg, and the lateral side was more severe. In the early stages of LE, echogenicity was similarly increased in the medial thigh and in the leg, while remarkable EFS was observed only in the lower leg. As clinical severity progressed, echogenicity increased in all parts of the lower extremity. EFS also increased in all parts of the leg, but the lower leg was still the most severe. CONCLUSION Echogenicity seemed to progress differently in DE and LE, but EFS progressed similarly and according to gravity. The current ultrasound findings may have added some diagnostic value in differentiating these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Suehiro
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Morikage
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masanori Murakami
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamashita
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Koshiro Ueda
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Makoto Samura
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kaori Nakamur
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Hamano
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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183
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Leary M, Cinousis MJ, Mikkelsen ME, Gaieski DF, Abella BS, Fuchs BD. The association of body mass index with time to target temperature and outcomes following post-arrest targeted temperature management. Resuscitation 2014; 85:244-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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184
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Valacchi G, Belmonte G, Miracco C, Eo H, Lim Y. Effect of combined mulberry leaf and fruit extract on liver and skin cholesterol transporters in high fat diet-induced obese mice. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:20-6. [PMID: 24611101 PMCID: PMC3944151 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic disease characterized by an increased inflammatory state and chronic oxidative stress with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, obesity alters cholesterol metabolism with increases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterols and triglycerides and decreases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterols. It has been shown that mulberry leaf and fruit ameliorated hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic conditions in obese and diabetic subjects. We hypothesized that supplementation with mulberry leaf combined with mulberry fruit (MLFE) ameliorate cholesterol transfer proteins accompanied by reduction of oxidative stress in the high fat diet induced obesity. Mice were fed control diet (CON) or high fat diet (HF) for 9 weeks. After obesity was induced, the mice were administered either the HF or the HF with combination of equal amount of mulberry leaf and fruit extract (MLFE) at 500mg/kg/day by gavage for 12 weeks. MLFE treatment ameliorated HF induced oxidative stress demonstrated by 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and modulated the expression of 2 key proteins involved in cholesterol transfer such as scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in the HF treated animals. This effect was mainly noted in liver tissue rather than in cutaneous tissue. Collectively, this study demonstrated that MLFE treatment has beneficial effects on the modulation of high fat diet-induced oxidative stress and on the regulation of cholesterol transporters. These results suggest that MLFE might be a beneficial substance for conventional therapies to treat obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. ; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Giuseppe Belmonte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Neuroscienze, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Clelia Miracco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Neuroscienze, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Hyeyoon Eo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Yunsook Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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185
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Nelson JA, Fischer JP, Cleveland EC, Wink JD, Serletti JM, Kovach SJ. Abdominal wall reconstruction in the obese: an assessment of complications from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program datasets. Am J Surg 2014; 207:467-75. [PMID: 24507860 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study utilizes the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database to better understand the impact of obesity on perioperative surgical morbidity in abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR). METHODS We reviewed the 2005 to 2010 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program databases, identifying cases of AWR and examining early complications in the context of obesity (body mass index > 30, World Health Organization classes 1 to 3). RESULTS Of 1,695 patients undergoing AWR, 1,078 (63.2%) patients were obese (mean body mass index = 37.6 kg/m(2)). Major surgical complications (15.3% vs 10.1%, P = .003), wound complications (12.5% vs 8.1%, P = .006), medical complications (16.2% vs 11.2%, P = .005) and return to the operating room (9.1% vs 5.4%, P = .006) were significantly increased, while renal complications (1.9% vs .8%, P = .09) neared significance. On logistic regression, obesity only directly led to a significantly increased odds of having a renal complication (odds ratio = 4.4, P = .04). Complications were still noted to increase with World Health Organization classification, including a concerning incidence of venous thromboembolism. CONCLUSIONS Although the incidence of complications increased with obesity, obesity itself does not appear to increase the odds of perioperative morbidity. Specific care should be given to VTE prophylaxis and to preventing renal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas A Nelson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - John P Fischer
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emily C Cleveland
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason D Wink
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph M Serletti
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen J Kovach
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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186
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Fischer JP, Cleveland EC, Shang EK, Nelson JA, Serletti JM. Complications following reduction mammaplasty: a review of 3538 cases from the 2005-2010 NSQIP data sets. Aesthet Surg J 2014; 34:66-73. [PMID: 24334499 DOI: 10.1177/1090820x13515676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction mammaplasty is an established and effective technique to treat symptomatic macromastia. Variable rates of complications have been reported, and there is a continued need for better outcome assessment studies. OBJECTIVE The authors investigate predictors of postoperative complications following reduction mammaplasty using the National Surgery Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data sets. METHODS The 2005-2010 American College of Surgeons NSQIP databases were reviewed to identify primary encounters for reduction mammaplasty using Current Procedural Terminology code 19318. Two complication types were recorded: major complications (deep infection and return to operating room) and any complication (all surgical complications). Preoperative patient factors and comorbidities, as well as intraoperative variables, were assessed. A multivariate regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of complications. RESULTS A total of 3538 patients were identified with an average age of 43 years and body mass index of 31.6 kg/m(2). Most patients underwent outpatient surgery (80.5%) with an average operative time of 180 minutes. The incidence of overall surgical complications was 5.1%. The following factors were independently associated with any surgical complications: morbid obesity (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; P < .001), active smoking (OR, 1.7; P < .001), history of dyspnea (OR, 2.0; P < .001), and resident participation (OR, 1.8; P = .01). The incidence of major surgical complications was 2.1%. Factors associated with major complications included active smoking (OR, 2.7; P < .001), dyspnea (OR, 2.6; P < .001), resident participation (OR, 2.1; P < .001), and inpatient surgery (OR, 1.8; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates overall incidence of complications in 1 in 20 patients and a 1 in 50 incidence of a major surgical complication. Noteworthy findings include the identification of morbid obesity as a significant predictor of overall morbidity and active smoking as a strong predictor of major surgical morbidity. These data can assist surgeons in preoperative counseling and enhance perioperative decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Fischer
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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187
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Joh YH, Shin SJ, Park MC, Park DH. Review of Keloid Patients with Clinical Experience. ARCHIVES OF AESTHETIC PLASTIC SURGERY 2014. [DOI: 10.14730/aaps.2014.20.3.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoo Joh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Shin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Myong Chul Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dong Ha Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
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188
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The Relationship Between Pressure Ulcer Prevalence, Body Mass Index, and Braden Scales and Subscales. Adv Skin Wound Care 2014; 27:26-30. [DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000437641.22278.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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189
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Karadag A, Ozlu E, Ozkanli S. Obesity-associated lymphedematous mucinosis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2014; 80:456-7. [DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.140311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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190
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Fischer JP, Tuggle CT, Au A, Kovach SJ. A 30-day risk assessment of mastectomy alone compared to immediate breast reconstruction (IBR). J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2013; 48:209-15. [DOI: 10.3109/2000656x.2013.865633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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191
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Oh E, Yun M, Kim SK, Seo G, Bae JS, Joo K, Chae GT, Lee SB. Palmitate induces COX-2 expression via the sphingolipid pathway-mediated activation of NF-κB, p38, and ERK in human dermal fibroblasts. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 306:339-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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192
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[Skin diseases associated with obesity in children]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2013; 56:539-42. [PMID: 23529600 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-012-1641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
While the impact of obesity on diabetes, cardiovascular disease and carcinoma development has been studied extensively, only little attention has been paid to its influence on the skin. Obesity alters the skin barrier, can induce skin manifestations, and worsens existing skin diseases like psoriasis. Cutaneous manifestations of obesity may be pseudoacanthosis nigricans, fibroma pendulans (skin tags, fibroepithelial polyps) and striae distensae. Obesity is also associated with hyperandrogenism in women and girls, promoting acne vulgaris, hirsutism, and androgenetic alopecia. In addition, there is a pathogenic association between obesity and psoriasis: the release of pro-inflammatory factors from fat tissue results in the worsening of psoriasis; an association between the severity of psoriasis and the body mass index has been shown. Obesity promotes skin infections like erysipelas and intertrigo.
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193
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Epidemiology of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Prevalence, Pathogenesis, and Factors Associated with the Development of HS. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-013-0064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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194
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Plascencia Gómez A, Vega Memije ME, Torres Tamayo M, Rodríguez Carreón AA. Skin disorders in overweight and obese patients and their relationship with insulin. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013; 105:178-85. [PMID: 24238328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide in recent years. Some authors have described skin conditions associated with obesity, but there is little evidence on the association between insulin levels and such disorders. OBJECTIVE To describe the skin disorders present in overweight and obese patients and analyze their association with insulin levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included nondiabetic male and female patients over 6 years of age who were seen at our hospital between January and April 2011. All the patients were evaluated by a dermatologist, who performed a physical examination, including anthropometry, and reviewed their medical history and medication record; fasting blood glucose and insulin were also measured. The patients were grouped according to degree of overweight or obesity and the data were compared using analysis of variance or the χ(2) test depending on the type of variable. The independence of the associations was assessed using regression analysis. RESULTS In total, 109 patients (95 adults and 13 children, 83.5% female) were studied. The mean (SD) age was 38 (14) years and the mean body mass index was 39.6±8 kg/m(2). The skin conditions observed were acanthosis nigricans (AN) (in 97% of patients), skin tags (77%), keratosis pilaris (42%), and plantar hyperkeratosis (38%). Statistically significant associations were found between degree of obesity and AN (P=.003), skin tags (P=.001), and plantar hyperkeratosis. Number of skin tags, AN neck severity score, and AN distribution were significantly and independently associated with insulin levels. CONCLUSIONS AN and skin tags should be considered clinical markers of hyperinsulinemia in nondiabetic, obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M E Vega Memije
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, México DF, México
| | - M Torres Tamayo
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, México DF, México
| | - A A Rodríguez Carreón
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, México DF, México
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195
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Holdridge A, DiGregorio H, Selekman J. Breaking the silence: addressing skin issues in obese and overweight children. J Pediatr Nurs 2013; 28:e22-7. [PMID: 23685262 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Skin irritation and breakdown can cause considerable physical and psychological pain, yet skin alterations and hygiene issues are often not addressed during routine healthcare visits for children who are overweight and obese. The number of children with obesity has increased significantly, yet there is limited literature to assist children with the private physical symptoms and inconveniences that accompany obesity. Healthcare professionals focus on nutritional intake and activity and treat comorbidities related to obesity, since comorbidities affect quality of life, but so can the pain and embarrassment of skin issues. This article addresses skin issues related to being overweight and obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Holdridge
- Healthy Weight Program, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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196
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Atwa M, Emara A, Balata M, Youssef N, Bayoumy N, Sherif A, Fiala L. Serum leptin, adiponectin, and resistin among adult patients with acanthosis nigricans: correlations with insulin resistance and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Int J Dermatol 2013; 53:e410-20. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Atwa
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Suez Canal University; Ismailia Egypt
| | - Amany Emara
- Department of Clinical Pathology; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Mona Balata
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Nahed Youssef
- Department of Clinical Pathology; Suez Canal University; Ismailia Egypt
| | - Nervana Bayoumy
- Department of Physiology; College of Medicine; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lamia Fiala
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine; Suez Canal University; Ismailia Egypt
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197
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Epidemiological pattern of newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, Taif, Saudi Arabia. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:421569. [PMID: 24222737 PMCID: PMC3809599 DOI: 10.1155/2013/421569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aim. Type-1-diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most commonly diagnosed type of DM in children and adolescents. We aim to identify the epidemiological profile, risk factors, clinical features, and factors related to delayed diagnosis or mismanagement in children with newly diagnosed T1DM in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods. Ninety-nine newly diagnosed patients were included in the study along with 110 healthy controls. Patients were classified into 3 groups (I: >2 years, II: 2–>6 years, and III: 6–12 years). Both patients and controls were tested for C-peptide, TSH, and autoantibodies associated with DM and those attacking the thyroid gland. Results. Diabetic ketoacidosis was present in 79.8%. Delayed and missed diagnoses were recorded in 45.5%, with significant correlation to age and district of origin. Severity at presentation showed significant correlation with age and cow's milk feeding. Group I, those with misdiagnosis or positive DM related autoantibodies, had more severe presentations. The correlation of C-peptide and TSH levels in patients and controls was significant for C-peptide and nonsignificant for TSH. Conclusion. Misdiagnosis and mismanagement are common and account for more severe presentation, especially in young children >2 years. Early introduction of cow's milk appears to be a risk factor for the development of T1DM.
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198
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Nguyen-Tu MS, Begey AL, Decorps J, Boizot J, Sommer P, Fromy B, Sigaudo-Roussel D. Skin microvascular response to pressure load in obese mice. Microvasc Res 2013; 90:138-43. [PMID: 24120748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of obesity in the appearance of skin pressure ulcers remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate blood perfusion and related lesions after skin compression in obese mice. METHODS Sixty C57BL6 male mice were randomly assigned to a control or hypercalorific diet (HCD) for 2, 4 and 12weeks. Skin compression was induced by a magnetic force of 11 kPa overlying a subcutaneous metal plate and applied for 4h. Skin perfusion was examined using laser Doppler imaging before skin compression, immediately after compression release and 24h later. 24h after magnet removal, skin injuries were determined by photography. RESULTS A heterogeneous distribution of blood perfusion was observed using the colour-coded map of the skin perfusion on the compressed area. At 24-h post-compression release, 60% to 75% of the compressed area was ischaemic in the 2-week HCD group and in all the control groups compared to 35% in the 4- and 15% in the 12-week HCD groups. The lowest occurrence of skin lesion seen as skin redness or pressure-sores was observed in the 12- week HCD group (4%) compared to about 12% in either the control or the 2- and 4-week HCD groups. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that there was no clear relationship between the extent of ischaemia and skin lesion occurrence after skin compression in short-duration obese mice. In contrast, it appears that long-duration obesity could reduce both ischaemia and skin lesions in response to skin compression through changes in skin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie Nguyen-Tu
- UMR 5305 CNRS, 69 367 Lyon cedex 07, France; University of Lyon 1, 69 367 Lyon cedex 07, France
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199
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Puzniak LA, Morrow LE, Huang DB, Barreto JN. Impact of Weight on Treatment Efficacy and Safety in Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections and Nosocomial Pneumonia Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Ther 2013; 35:1557-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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200
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Impact of Obesity on Outcomes in Breast Reconstruction: Analysis of 15,937 Patients from the ACS-NSQIP Datasets. J Am Coll Surg 2013; 217:656-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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