151
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Zhang J, Hua P, Krebs P. The influences of dissolved organic matter and surfactant on the desorption of Cu and Zn from road-deposited sediment. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:63-70. [PMID: 26891358 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study showcases the desorption behaviours of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in road-deposited sediment (RDS). Batch tests were conducted to investigate the influences of rainwater, major wastewater constituents of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and surfactant on the metals leaching from RDS. Results show that the rainwater solutions considerably enhanced the total amounts of Cu (319 ± 46% of the total leaching amount by blank solutions) and Zn (617 ± 130%) released from RDS compared with blank solutions. DOM enhanced the leaching of Cu from RDS at a neutral pH. By contrast, DOM had an adverse effect on the mobilization of Zn. In the absence of DOM, a higher concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) slightly increased the release of Cu from RDS than a lower concentration of SDS. However, the existence of SDS suppressed the release of Zn from RDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Institute of Urban Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Pei Hua
- Chair of Water Supply Engineering, Institute of Urban Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Peter Krebs
- Institute of Urban Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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152
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Benhaddya ML, Boukhelkhal A, Halis Y, Hadjel M. Human Health Risks Associated with Metals from Urban Soil and Road Dust in an Oilfield Area of Southeastern Algeria. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 70:556-571. [PMID: 26626598 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hassi Messaoud town is a recent city that is situated inside the oil field, which hosts an important petroleum extraction field and refinery. Large-scale and long-term oil refinery and corresponding industrial activities may contaminate the surrounding soil/dust and could lead to pollution levels that can affect human health. The soil and road dust samples were analysed for different trace elements: copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). Geo-accumulation index (I(geo)), pollution index (PI), and integrated pollution index (IPI) were calculated to evaluate the heavy metal contamination level of urban soil and road dust. The I(geo) values indicate unpolluted to moderate polluted of investigated metals in the soil samples. The assessment results of PI support the results of I(geo), and IPI indicates heavy metals in road dust polluted seriously. The noncarcinogenic health risk assessment shows that ingestion of soil/dust particles is the route for exposure to heavy metals, followed by dermal adsorption. The human exposure risk assessment based on different exposure pathways showed that the hazard index (HI) was <1.0 for all of the elements. The relative exposure risk (noncarcinogenic) was greater for toddlers. Although the overall risk was within the acceptable limit of 1.00, the HI of Pb from the soil (0.103) and road dust (0.132) was close to the threshold limits, which over the long-term may pose a health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Lamine Benhaddya
- Scientific and Technical Research Centre for Arid Areas (C.R.S.T.R.A), RN N°3 BP 360, Ain Sahara, Nezla, Touggourt, Algeria.
- Laboratory of Science, Technology and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry - LSTGP, University of Sciences and Technology Mohamed Boudiaf Oran - USTO-MB, BP 1505 El M'Naouer, 31000, Oran, Algeria.
| | - Abdelaziz Boukhelkhal
- Scientific and Technical Research Centre for Arid Areas (C.R.S.T.R.A), RN N°3 BP 360, Ain Sahara, Nezla, Touggourt, Algeria.
| | - Youcef Halis
- Scientific and Technical Research Centre for Arid Areas (C.R.S.T.R.A), RN N°3 BP 360, Ain Sahara, Nezla, Touggourt, Algeria.
| | - Mohammed Hadjel
- Laboratory of Science, Technology and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry - LSTGP, University of Sciences and Technology Mohamed Boudiaf Oran - USTO-MB, BP 1505 El M'Naouer, 31000, Oran, Algeria.
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153
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Zhao N, Lu X, Chao S. Risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in smaller than 100-μm street dust particles from a valley-city in northwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2016; 38:483-496. [PMID: 26093661 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-015-9734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, Zn and Mo) in smaller than 100-μm street dust particles from Xining, a typical valley-city in northwestern China, were determined using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and their potential risks to local ecosystem and human health were assessed using potential ecological risk index and health risk model. The results indicate that the concentration of As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, Zn and Mo in the smaller than 100-μm street dust particles from Xining ranges from 0.8 to 11.1, 339.4 to 767.7, 27.2 to 110.2, 185.7 to 5134.5, 15.1 to 115.2, 150.1 to 623.5, 16.8 to 74.1, 24.4 to 233.0, 169.9 to 475.7, 47.4 to 96.8, 33.1 to 231.1 and 0.2 to 4.3 mg kg(-1), with an arithmetic mean of 3.6, 415.6, 50.1, 573.0, 40.6, 409.1, 22.6, 52.7, 257.8, 57.1, 108.6 and 2.5 mg kg(-1), respectively. Compared to the background value of local soil, the smaller than 100-μm street dust particles from Xining have elevated concentrations of Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sr and Mo. The contamination levels of Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sr and Mo are higher than As, Mn, Ni and V. The comprehensive potential ecological risk levels of PTEs were moderate to considerable. The non-carcinogenic risks of PTEs studied on children and adults due to dust exposure are limited except for Cr to children. Cr in the dust may pose a potential health risk to children; this should draw more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhao
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shigang Chao
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
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154
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Chen M, Pi L, Luo Y, Geng M, Hu W, Li Z, Su S, Gan Z, Ding S. Grain Size Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Outdoor Dust in Chengdu, Southwestern China. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 70:534-543. [PMID: 26843369 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A total of 27 outdoor dust samples from roads, parks, and high spots were collected and analyzed to investigate the contamination of 11 metals (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Cd, Sb, and Pb) in Chengdu, China. The results showed that the samples from the high spots exhibited the highest heavy metal level compared with those from the roads and the parks, except for Ni, Cu, and Pb. The dust was classified into five grain size fractions. The mean loads of each grain size fraction of 11 determined metals displayed similar distribution, and the contribution of median size (63-125, 125-250, 250-500 μm) fractions accounted for more than 70% of overall heavy metal loads. The health risk posed by the determined metals to human via dust ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation was investigated. Oral and respiratory bioaccessible parts of the metals in dust were extracted using simulated stomach solution and composite lung serum. The mean bioaccessibilities of 11 investigated metals in the gastric solution were much higher than those in the composite lung serum, especially Zn, Cd, and Pb. Ingestion was the most important exposure pathway with percentage greater than 70% for both children and adults. Risk evaluation results illustrated that children in Chengdu might suffer noncarcinogenic risk when exposed to outdoor dust. Given that the cancer risk values of Pb and Cr larger than 1 × 10(-4), potential carcinogenic risk might occur for Chengdu residents through outdoor dust intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Lu Pi
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Meng Geng
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wenli Hu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Shijun Su
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhiwei Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Sanglan Ding
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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155
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Han L, Gao B, Wei X, Xu D, Gao L. Spatial distribution, health risk assessment, and isotopic composition of lead contamination of street dusts in different functional areas of Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:3247-3255. [PMID: 26490894 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Street dusts from heavy density traffic area (HDTA), tourism area (TA), residential area (RA), and educational area (EA) in Beijing were collected to explore the distribution, health risk assessment, and source of lead (Pb). The average concentration of Pb in TA was the highest among the four areas. Compared with other cities, Pb concentrations in Beijing were generally at moderate or low levels. The average value (14.05) of ecological risk index (RI) indicated that Pb was at "low pollution risk" status. According to the calculation on hazard index (HI), the ingestion of dust particles of children and adults was the major route of exposure to street dusts in four studied areas, followed by dermal contact. The lower values of HI than 1 further suggested that non-carcinogenic risks of Pb in the street dusts were in the low range. Comparing (206)Pb/(207)Pb and (208)Pb/(207)Pb ratios of street dusts with other environmental samples, it was found that atmospheric deposition of coal combustion dust might be the main pathway for anthropogenic Pb input to the street dusts in four functional areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Xin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Dongyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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156
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Steindor KA, Franiel IJ, Bierza WM, Pawlak B, Palowski BF. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface soils and plant material in the post-industrial city of Katowice, Poland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2016; 51:371-379. [PMID: 26809744 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1120509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This investigation was undertaken to assess the level of environment pollution by biological monitoring. The leaves and bark of popular ornamental trees Acer pseudoplatanus L. and Acer platanoides L. and soil from the sampling sites were used to perform heavy metals pollution monitoring in urban areas with different pollution sources, as well to investigate the suitability of the leaves and bark as bioindicators of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu pollution. Plant samples were collected at nine locations classified into three pollution groups based on metal content in the soils. The chosen pollution indices were used to assess the level of contamination according to background values. Soils in the Katowice area are found to be relatively heavily contaminated with Pb, Zn and Cd. Both of the maple tree species did not statistically differ in terms of the investigated elements' concentration in leaves or bark. Only bark samples reflected the pollution level, showing differences between the sampling points, and therefore are recommended for biomonitoring purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina A Steindor
- a Department of Ecology , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice , Katowice , Poland
| | - Izabella J Franiel
- a Department of Ecology , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice , Katowice , Poland
| | - Wojciech M Bierza
- a Department of Ecology , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice , Katowice , Poland
| | - Beata Pawlak
- a Department of Ecology , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice , Katowice , Poland
| | - Bernard F Palowski
- a Department of Ecology , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice , Katowice , Poland
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157
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Mummullage S, Egodawatta P, Ayoko GA, Goonetilleke A. Use of physicochemical signatures to assess the sources of metals in urban road dust. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:1303-1309. [PMID: 26476069 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Road deposited dust is a complex mixture of pollutants derived from a wide range of sources. Accurate identification of these sources is seminal for effective source-oriented control measures. A range of techniques such as enrichment factor analysis (EF), principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) are available for identifying sources of complex mixtures. However, they have multiple deficiencies when applied individually. This study presents an approach for the effective utilisation of EF, PCA and HCA for source identification, so that their specific deficiencies on an individual basis are eliminated. EF analysis confirmed the non-soil origin of metals such as Na, Cu, Cd, Zn, Sn, K, Ca, Sb, Ba, Ti, Ni and Mo providing guidance in the identification of anthropogenic sources. PCA and HCA identified four sources, with soil and asphalt wear in combination being the most prominent sources. Other sources were tyre wear, brake wear and sea salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandya Mummullage
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), G.P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Prasanna Egodawatta
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), G.P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Godwin A Ayoko
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), G.P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Ashantha Goonetilleke
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), G.P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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158
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Kyere VN, Greve K, Atiemo SM. Spatial assessment of soil contamination by heavy metals from informal electronic waste recycling in Agbogbloshie, Ghana. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:e2016006. [PMID: 26987962 PMCID: PMC5080776 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2016006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the spatial distribution and the extent of soil contamination by heavy metals resulting from primitive, unconventional informal electronic waste recycling in the Agbogbloshie e-waste processing site (AEPS) in Ghana. METHODS A total of 132 samples were collected at 100 m intervals, with a handheld global position system used in taking the location data of the soil sample points. Observing all procedural and quality assurance measures, the samples were analyzed for barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), using X-ray fluorescence. Using environmental risk indices of contamination factor and degree of contamination (Cdeg), we analyzed the individual contribution of each heavy metal contamination and the overall Cdeg. We further used geostatistical techniques of spatial autocorrelation and variability to examine spatial distribution and extent of heavy metal contamination. RESULTS Results from soil analysis showed that heavy metal concentrations were significantly higher than the Canadian Environmental Protection Agency and Dutch environmental standards. In an increasing order, Pb>Cd>Hg>Cu>Zn>Cr>Co>Ba>Ni contributed significantly to the overall Cdeg. Contamination was highest in the main working areas of burning and dismantling sites, indicating the influence of recycling activities. Geostatistical analysis also revealed that heavy metal contamination spreads beyond the main working areas to residential, recreational, farming, and commercial areas. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the studied heavy metals are ubiquitous within AEPS and the significantly high concentration of these metals reflect the contamination factor and Cdeg, indicating soil contamination in AEPS with the nine heavy metals studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Nartey Kyere
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: Vincent Nartey Kyere, 3 Walter Flex Strasse, Bonn 53113, Germany Tel: +49-15218672980 Fax: +49-228731869 E-mail:
| | - Klaus Greve
- Geography Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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159
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Fractional Characteristics of Heavy Metals Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd in Sewer Sediment from Areas in Central Beijing, China. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/9724128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the distribution of heavy metals in sewer sediments and assess their potential harmfulness to the environment and human health, the occurrence of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd in the sewer sediment of six functional areas and two streets in an inner-city suburb of Beijing, China, was investigated by using a sequential extraction procedure. Results show that the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb vary between 50 and 175, between 80 and 180, between 0.75 and 2.5, and between 20 and 110 mg/kg, respectively, and Fe-Mn oxide fraction is significant for all metals in sampling areas. Pollution assessment shows that 1–2% of Cu at Chegongzhuang Street and 1–3% of Zn at Fuwai Street in the exchangeable fractions are of low risk. 10–25% of Cd at six functional areas indicates medium risk. 40–60% of Pb at Fuwai Street existing in the exchangeable fractions is of high to very high risk. The sum of these metals associated with exchangeable, carbonate bound, and Fe-Mn oxide fractions is quite high; however, these three fractions represent the proportion of heavy metals that can be remobilized by changes in environmental conditions.
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160
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Namuhani N, Cyrus K. Soil Contamination with Heavy Metals around Jinja Steel Rolling Mills in Jinja Municipality, Uganda. J Health Pollut 2015; 5:61-67. [PMID: 30524777 PMCID: PMC6221491 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-5-9.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil contamination with heavy metals has severely increased over the last few decades, mainly from industrial wastes and human activities. Soil pollution is a source of danger to the health of people globally. OBJECTIVES To assess the level of soil contamination with heavy metals around steel rolling mills in Jinja municipality, Uganda. METHODS Four composite soil samples were collected from each of the sides of the Jinja steel rolling mills, dried and digested. The digested solution samples were analyzed in triplicates for the levels of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni), using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer (Savant AA model 2009); the analytical process was monitored using analytical standard solutions. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 19 and Excel. Mean metal concentrations, standard deviations, medians, and skewness were obtained to describe heavy metal concentrations in the soil. Pollution load index and geo-accumulation indices were calculated to determine the level and extent of heavy metal contamination in the soil. RESULTS The mean concentration loads of the heavy metals in soils around the Jinja steel rolling mills were 43.15 mg/kg for Pb, 28.16 mg/kg for Zn, 0.93 mg/kg for Cd, 0.22 mg/kg for Cr, 80.96 mg/kg for Cu, and 9.40 mg/kg for Ni. The metal load distribution around the industry was in descending order: Left-hand side > Downwind side > Right-hand side > Upwind side. Results for the geo-accumulation index were 1.30 for Pb, -1.31 for Zn, 2.63 for Cd, -7.25 for Cr, 2.99 for Cu, and -1.19 for Ni. The overall pollution load index was 1.08. CONCLUSIONS The concentration levels of heavy metals around the steel rolling mills did not appear to be of serious concern, except for copper and cadmium, which showed moderate pollution and moderate to strong pollution, respectively. All heavy metals were within the limits of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) residential soil standards and the Dutch intervention soil standards. Overall, soils around the Jinja steel rolling mills were slightly polluted with heavy metals, and measures therefore need to be taken to prevent further soil contamination with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Namuhani
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kimumwe Cyrus
- Quality Control Department, Abacus Pharmaceutical, Mukono, Uganda
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161
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Radziemska M, Fronczyk J. Level and Contamination Assessment of Soil along an Expressway in an Ecologically Valuable Area in Central Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:13372-87. [PMID: 26512684 PMCID: PMC4627036 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121013372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Express roads are a potential source of heavy metal contamination in the surrounding environment. The Warsaw Expressway (E30) is one of the busiest roads in the capital of Poland and cuts through the ecologically valuable area (Mazowiecki Natural Landscape Park). Soil samples were collected at distances of 0.5, 4.5 and 25 m from the expressway. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were determined in the soils by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry method (FAAS). Soils located in the direct proximity of the analyzed stretch of road were found to have the highest values of pH and electrical conductivity (EC), which decreased along with an increase in the distance from the expressway. The contents of Cd, Cu and Zn were found to be higher than Polish national averages, whereas the average values of Ni and Pb were not exceeded. The pollution level was estimated based on the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and the pollution index (PI). The results of Igeo and PI indexes revealed the following orders: Cu < Zn < Ni < Cd < Pb and Cu < Ni < Cd < Zn < Pb, and comparison with geochemical background values showed higher concentration of zinc, lead and cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Radziemska
- Department of Environmental Improvement, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Fronczyk
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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162
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Khan A, Khan S, Khan MA, Qamar Z, Waqas M. The uptake and bioaccumulation of heavy metals by food plants, their effects on plants nutrients, and associated health risk: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:13772-99. [PMID: 26194234 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination is a globally recognized environmental issue, threatening human life very seriously. Increasing population and high demand for food resulted in release of various contaminants into environment that finally contaminate the food chain. Edible plants are the major source of diet, and their contamination with toxic metals may result in catastrophic health hazards. Heavy metals affect the human health directly and/or indirectly; one of the indirect effects is the change in plant nutritional values. Previously, a number of review papers have been published on different aspects of heavy metal contamination. However, no related information is available about the effects of heavy metals on the nutritional status of food plants. This review paper is focused upon heavy metal sources, accumulation, transfer, health risk, and effects on protein, amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in plants. The literature about heavy metals in food plants shows that both leafy and nonleafy vegetables are good accumulators of heavy metals. In nonleafy vegetables, the bioaccumulation pattern was leaf > root ≈ stem > tuber. Heavy metals have strong influence on nutritional values; therefore, plants grown on metal-contaminated soil were nutrient deficient and consumption of such vegetables may lead to nutritional deficiency in the population particularly living in developing countries which are already facing the malnutrition problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwarzeb Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
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163
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Acosta JA, Gabarrón M, Faz A, Martínez-Martínez S, Zornoza R, Arocena JM. Influence of population density on the concentration and speciation of metals in the soil and street dust from urban areas. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 134:328-337. [PMID: 25966939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Street dust and soil from high, medium and low populated cities and natural area were analysed for selected physical-chemical properties, total and chemical speciation of Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, Co, Ni to understand the influence of human activities on metal accumulation and mobility in the environment. The pH, salinity, carbonates and organic carbon contents were similar between soil and dust from the same city. Population density increases dust/soil salinity but has no influence on metals concentrations in soils. Increases in metal concentrations with population density were observed in dusts. Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr can be mobilized more easily from dust compared to the soil. In addition, population density increase the percentage of Pb and Zn associated to reducible and carbonate phase in the dust. The behaviour of metals except Cd in soil is mainly affected by physico-chemical properties, while total metal influenced the speciation except Cr and Ni in dusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Acosta
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group. ETSIA. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. Paseo Alfonso XIII, 52, 30230 Cartagena, Spain.
| | - M Gabarrón
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group. ETSIA. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. Paseo Alfonso XIII, 52, 30230 Cartagena, Spain
| | - A Faz
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group. ETSIA. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. Paseo Alfonso XIII, 52, 30230 Cartagena, Spain
| | - S Martínez-Martínez
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group. ETSIA. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. Paseo Alfonso XIII, 52, 30230 Cartagena, Spain
| | - R Zornoza
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group. ETSIA. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. Paseo Alfonso XIII, 52, 30230 Cartagena, Spain
| | - J M Arocena
- Environmental Science Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George BCV2N 4Z9, Canada
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164
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Zheng X, Zhao W, Yan X, Shu T, Xiong Q, Chen F. Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Airborne Heavy Metals Collected from Beijing Bus Stations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:9658-71. [PMID: 26287229 PMCID: PMC4555304 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120809658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Airborne dust, which contains high levels of toxic metals, is recognized as one of the most harmful environment component. The purpose of this study was to evaluate heavy metals pollution in dustfall from bus stations in Beijing, and to perform a risk assessment analysis for adult passengers. The concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The spatial distribution, pollution level and potential health risk of heavy metals were analyzed by Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping technology, geo-accumulation index and health risk assessment model, respectively. The results indicate that dust samples have elevated metal concentrations, especially for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. The nine metals can be divided into two categories in terms of spatial distribution and pollution level. Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Pb and Zn reach contaminated level and have similar spatial patterns with hotspots distributed within the Fifth Ring Road. While the hot spot areas of Co and V are always out of the Fifth Ring Road. Health risk assessment shows that both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of selected metals were within the safe range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zheng
- Department of Cartography and Geographic Information System, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Wenji Zhao
- Department of Cartography and Geographic Information System, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xing Yan
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tongtong Shu
- Department of Cartography and Geographic Information System, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Qiulin Xiong
- Department of Cartography and Geographic Information System, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Fantao Chen
- Department of Cartography and Geographic Information System, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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165
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Kong Z, Mohamad OA, Deng Z, Liu X, Glick BR, Wei G. Rhizobial symbiosis effect on the growth, metal uptake, and antioxidant responses of Medicago lupulina under copper stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:12479-12489. [PMID: 25903186 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of rhizobial symbiosis on the growth, metal uptake, and antioxidant responses of Medicago lupulina in the presence of 200 mg kg(-1) Cu(2+) throughout different stages of symbiosis development were studied. The symbiosis with Sinorhizobium meliloti CCNWSX0020 induced an increase in plant growth and nitrogen content irrespective of the presence of Cu(2+). The total amount of Cu uptake of inoculated plants significantly increased by 34.0 and 120.4% in shoots and roots, respectively, compared with non-inoculated plants. However, although the rhizobial symbiosis promoted Cu accumulation both in shoots and roots, the increase in roots was much higher than in shoots, thus decreasing the translocation factor and helping Cu phytostabilization. The rate of lipid peroxidation was significantly decreased in both shoots and roots of inoculated vs. non-inoculated plants when measured either 8, 13, or 18 days post-inoculation. In comparison with non-inoculated plants, the activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase of shoots of inoculated plants exposed to excess Cu were significantly elevated at different stages of symbiosis development; similar increases occurred in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase of inoculated roots. The symbiosis with S. meliloti CCNWSX0020 also upregulated the corresponding genes involved in antioxidant responses in the plants treated with excess Cu. The results indicated that the rhizobial symbiosis with S. meliloti CCNWSX0020 not only enhanced plant growth and metal uptake but also improved the responses of plant antioxidant defense to excess Cu stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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166
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Yang YY, Liu LY, Guo LL, Lv YL, Zhang GM, Lei J, Liu WT, Xiong YY, Wen HM. Seasonal concentrations, contamination levels, and health risk assessment of arsenic and heavy metals in the suspended particulate matter from an urban household environment in a metropolitan city, Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:409. [PMID: 26048587 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The levels and health risks of arsenic and heavy metals (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected from an urban household environment in Beijing of China for 12 months were investigated. The mean concentrations of the studied toxic elements were higher and lower than crustal abundance and PM2.5 in the urban outdoors of Beijing. The concentrations of the studied elements displayed significant seasonality. The highest concentrations of the total elements occurred in winter, followed by autumn, while the lowest concentrations were recorded in summer. Based on the calculated values of enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo), the levels for As and Cu were heavily contaminated, while those for Cd, Pb, and Zn were extremely contaminated. As and Pb might pose risks to children and adults via ingestion exposure. The accumulative risks of multi-elements resulted from dermal contact and inhalation exposures were not negligible. More attention should be paid to reducing the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks posed by the toxic elements bound to urban household SPM particles via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China,
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167
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Latif MT, Ngah SA, Dominick D, Razak IS, Guo X, Srithawirat T, Mushrifah I. Composition and source apportionment of dust fall around a natural lake. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 33:143-155. [PMID: 26141887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the source apportionment of dust fall around Lake Chini, Malaysia. Samples were collected monthly between December 2012 and March 2013 at seven sampling stations located around Lake Chini. The samples were filtered to separate the dissolved and undissolved solids. The ionic compositions (NO3-, SO4(2-), Cl- and NH4+) were determined using ion chromatography (IC) while major elements (K, Na, Ca and Mg) and trace metals (Zn, Fe, Al, Ni, Mn, Cr, Pb and Cd) were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that the average concentration of total solids around Lake Chini was 93.49±16.16 mg/(m2·day). SO4(2-), Na and Zn dominated the dissolved portion of the dust fall. The enrichment factors (EF) revealed that the source of the trace metals and major elements in the rain water was anthropogenic, except for Fe. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA) classified the seven monitoring stations and 16 variables into five groups and three groups respectively. A coupled receptor model, principal component analysis multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR), revealed that the sources of dust fall in Lake Chini were dominated by agricultural and biomass burning (42%), followed by the earth's crust (28%), sea spray (16%) and a mixture of soil dust and vehicle emissions (14%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Talib Latif
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sofia Aida Ngah
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Doreena Dominick
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Intan Suraya Razak
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xinxin Guo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Thunwadee Srithawirat
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Idris Mushrifah
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Pusat Penyelidikan Tasik Chini (PPTC), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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168
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Zhai Y, Chen Z, Chen H, Xu B, Li P, Qing R, Li C, Zeng G. Co-liquefaction of sewage sludge and oil-tea-cake in supercritical methanol: yield of bio-oil, immobilization and risk assessment of heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:2770-2777. [PMID: 26027644 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1049210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, attention was concentrated on the yields of bio-oil and toxicities of heavy metals (HMs) in liquefaction residues (LRs). Liquefaction of sewage sludge (SS) or oil-tea-cake (OTC) or mixtures of SS and OTC were carried out under the condition of supercritical methanol (SCM). Results showed that the addition of OTC extraordinarily increased the yields of oil from 37.9% (SS) to 86.2% (SS + OTC). Furthermore, with the liquefaction of SS and OTC mixture, the bioavailable fraction (F1 + F2) of Cd and Cu (F1 + F2) was decreased from 2.47 to 1.64 mg/kg and from 98.84 to 67.48 mg/kg, respectively. However, the bioavailable fraction of Zn (F1 + F2) increased from 122.03 to 204.69 mg/kg with the liquefaction of SS. The bioavailable fraction (F1 + F2) of Pb in LRs was 0%, which did not express any changes during the liquefaction process. Risk assessments of geo-accumulation index (I(geo)), risk assessment code (RAC) and modified potential ecological risk index (MRI) were applied to evaluate the bioavailabilities, the potential ecological risks and the pollution levels of HMs. The results show that the OTC in SS can decrease the risk of HMs in LRs. Cd attracted many concerns for the highest risk to the environment among all of the HMs. Here, the good results obtained means that SCM liquefaction of mixture of SS and OTC could be a preferable method for SS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbo Zhai
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha 410082 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Chen
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha 410082 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha 410082 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bibo Xu
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha 410082 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha 410082 , People's Republic of China
| | - Renpeng Qing
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha 410082 , People's Republic of China
| | - Caiting Li
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha 410082 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha 410082 , People's Republic of China
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169
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Li H, Shi A, Zhang X. Particle size distribution and characteristics of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments from Beijing Olympic Park. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 32:228-237. [PMID: 26040749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, heavy metals in road-deposited sediments (RDSs) of parks are emitted into the terrestrial, atmospheric, and water environment, and have a severe impact on residents' and tourists' health. To identify the distribution and characteristic of heavy metals in RDS and to assess the road environmental quality in Chinese parks, samples were collected from Beijing Olympic Park in the present study. The results indicated that particles with small grain size (<150 μm) were the dominant fraction. The length of dry period was one of the main factors affecting the particle size distribution, as indicated by the variation of size fraction with the increase of dry days. The amount of heavy metal (i.e., Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) content was the largest in particles with small size (<150 μm) among all samples. Specifically, the percentage of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in these particles was 74.7%, 55.5%, 56.6% and 71.3%, respectively. Heavy metals adsorbed in sediments may mainly be contributed by road traffic emissions. The contamination levels of Pb and Cd were higher than Cu and Zn on the basis of the mean heavy metal contents. Specifically, the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) decreased in the order: Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn. This study analyzed the mobility of heavy metals in sediments using partial sequential extraction with the Tessier procedure. The results revealed that the apparent mobility and potential metal bioavailability of heavy metals in the sediments, based on the exchangeable and carbonate fractions, decreased in the order: Cd>Zn≈Pb>Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Key Lab of Urban Storm-Water System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Anbang Shi
- Key Lab of Urban Storm-Water System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Storm-Water System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
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170
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Singh S, Raju NJ, Nazneen S. Environmental risk of heavy metal pollution and contamination sources using multivariate analysis in the soils of Varanasi environs, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:345. [PMID: 25963764 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed soil pollution in the Varanasi environs of Uttar Pradesh in India. Assessing the concentration of potentially harmful heavy metals in the soils is imperative in order to evaluate the potential risks to human. To identify the concentration and sources of heavy metals and assess the soil environmental quality, 23 samples were collected from different locations covering dumping, road and agricultural area. The average concentrations of the heavy metals were all below the permissible limits according to soil quality guidelines except Cu (copper) and Pb (lead) in dumping and road soils. Soil heavy metal contamination was assessed on the basis of geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution index (PI) and integrated pollution index (IPI). The IPI of the metals ranged from 0.59 to 9.94, with the highest IPI observed in the dumping and road soils. A very significant correlation was found between Pb and Cu. The result of principal component analysis suggested that PC1 was mainly affected by the use of agrochemicals, PC2 was affected by vehicular emission and PC3 was affected by dumping waste. Meanwhile, PC4 was mainly controlled by parent material along with anthropogenic activities. Appropriate measures should be taken to minimize the heavy metal levels in soils and thus protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Singh
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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171
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Zhou Q, Zheng N, Liu J, Wang Y, Sun C, Liu Q, Wang H, Zhang J. Residents health risk of Pb, Cd and Cu exposure to street dust based on different particle sizes around zinc smelting plant, Northeast of China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2015; 37:207-20. [PMID: 25117486 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-014-9640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The residents health risk of Pb, Cd and Cu exposure to street dust with different particle sizes (<100 and <63 μm) near Huludao Zinc Plant (HZP) was investigated in this study. The average concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cu in the <100-μm and <63-μm dust were 1,559, 178.5, 917.9 and 2,099, 198.4, 1,038 mg kg(-1), respectively. It showed that smaller particles tended to contain higher element concentrations. Metals in dust around HZP decreased gradually from the zinc smelter to west and east directions. There was significantly positive correlation among Pb, Cd and Cu in street dust with different particle sizes. The contents of Pb, Cd and Cu in dust increased with decreasing pH or increasing organic matter. Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment showed that the health index (HI) for children and adult exposed to <63-μm particles were higher than exposed to <100-μm particles, which indicated that smaller particles tend to have higher non-carcinogenic health risk. Non-carcinogenic risk of Pb was the highest in both particle sizes, followed by Cd and Cu. HI for Pb and Cd in both particle sizes for children had exceeded the acceptable value, indicated that children living around HZP were experiencing the non-carcinogenic health risk from Pb and Cd exposure to street dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Zhou
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shengbei Street 4888#, Changchun City, 130102, Jilin, China
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172
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Bian B, Lin C, Wu HS. Contamination and risk assessment of metals in road-deposited sediments in a medium-sized city of China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 112:87-95. [PMID: 25463858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Road-deposited sediment (RDS) is a valuable environmental medium for characterizing contamination of metals in urban areas and the associated risks to human health. A total of 62 RDS samples were collected for metal test in four urban areas in a medium size city in eastern China. The areas that represented different land uses consisted of intense traffic area (ITA), commercial area (CA), residential area (RA), and riverside park area (RPA). The effects of particle size and different land uses on metal contamination and health risk were the major focus in this study. The test results showed that RDS in ITA appeared to have higher metal content, enrichment factor (EF), ecological risk index (RI), and the non-cancer and cancer risks than in the other areas. The metal contamination and health risk increased inversely with particle size. The particles less than 63 μm were found to be most critical in development of metal contamination and health risk. The EF was measured to be greater than 2.0 in the four areas, indicating a moderate enrichment. The measured RI ranged between 50 and 200, indicating considerable to moderate risks. The non-cancer risk for children was high in the four areas but was low for adults in all test areas except in ITA. The cancer risk of Cr for children was high in all test areas. Based on the test results, the contamination control and management for metals in RDS shall focus on the effects from such factors as particles (<63 μm) and the land use for intense traffic (ITA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bian
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, 241 Fenghuang West Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210036, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, 241 Fenghuang West Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036, China.
| | - Cheng Lin
- Terracon Consultants, Inc., 2201 Rowland Avenue, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
| | - Hai suo Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, 241 Fenghuang West Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210036, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, 241 Fenghuang West Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036, China
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173
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Wei X, Gao B, Wang P, Zhou H, Lu J. Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in street dusts from different functional areas in Beijing, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 112:186-92. [PMID: 25463870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Street dusts from Heavy Density Traffic Area, Residential Area, Educational Area and Tourism Area in Beijing, China, were collected to study the distribution, accumulation and health risk assessment of heavy metals. Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb concentrations were in higher concentrations in these four locations than in the local soil background. In comparison with the concentrations of selected metals in other cities, the concentrations of heavy metals in Beijing were generally at moderate or low levels. Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb concentrations in the Tourism Area were the highest among four different areas in Beijing. A pollution assessment by Geoaccumulation Index showed that the pollution level for the heavy metals is in the following order: Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni. The Cd levels can be considered "heavily contaminated" status. The health risk assessment model that was employed to calculate human exposure indicated that both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of selected metals in street dusts were generally in the low range, except for the carcinogenic risk from Cr for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Huaidong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
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174
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Kamani H, Ashrafi SD, Isazadeh S, Jaafari J, Hoseini M, Mostafapour FK, Bazrafshan E, Nazmara S, Mahvi AH. Heavy Metal Contamination in Street Dusts with Various Land Uses in Zahedan, Iran. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 94:382-6. [PMID: 25573278 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Kamani
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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175
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Lewin I, Spyra A, Krodkiewska M, Strzelec M. The Importance of the Mining Subsidence Reservoirs Located Along the Trans-Regional Highway in the Conservation of the Biodiversity of Freshwater Molluscs in Industrial Areas (Upper Silesia, Poland). WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2015; 226:189. [PMID: 26005225 PMCID: PMC4436850 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-015-2445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the survey were to analyse the structure of the mollusc communities in the mining subsidence reservoirs that were created as a result of land subsidence over exploited hard coal seams and to determine the most predictive environmental factors that influence the distribution of mollusc species. The reservoirs are located in urbanised and industrialised areas along the Trans-Regional Highway, which has a high volume of vehicular traffic. They all have the same sources of supply but differ in the physical and chemical parameters of the water. In total, 15 mollusc species were recorded including four bivalve species. Among them Anodonta cygnea is classified as Endangered according to the Polish Red Data Book of Animals and also as Near Threatened according to the European Red List of Non-marine Molluscs. Eleven of the 15 mollusc species are included on the European Red List of Non-marine Molluscs as Least Concern. Conductivity, pH and the concentration of calcium were the parameters most associated with the distribution of mollusc species. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Radix balthica, Physella acuta, Gyraulus crista and Pisidium casertanum were associated with higher conductivity and lower pH values. A. cygnea, Anodonta anatina and Ferrissia fragilis were negatively influenced by these parameters of the water. The results of this survey showed that the mining subsidence reservoirs located in urbanised and industrialised areas provide refuges for rare and legally protected species and that they play an essential role in the dispersal of alien species as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Lewin
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, The University of Silesia, 9 Bankowa Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aneta Spyra
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, The University of Silesia, 9 Bankowa Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mariola Krodkiewska
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, The University of Silesia, 9 Bankowa Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Strzelec
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, The University of Silesia, 9 Bankowa Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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176
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Abstract
Calcium pretreatedHevea brasiliensissawdust has been used as an effective and efficient adsorbent for the removal of copper ion from the contaminated water. Batch experiment was conducted to check the effect of pH, initial concentration, contact time, and adsorbent dose. The results conclude that adsorption capacity of adsorbent was influenced by operating parameters. Maximum adsorption capacity found from the batch adsorption process was 37.74 mg/g at pH of 5.6. Various isotherm models like Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin were used to compare the theoretical and experimental data, whereas the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models were applied to study the kinetics of the batch adsorption process. Dynamic studies were also conducted in packed-bed column using different bed depths and the maximum adsorption capacity of 34.29 was achieved. Characterizations of the adsorbent were done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
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177
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Arab M, Bidin N, Chaudhary K, Hosseinian R. Characterization of Pollution Indices in Soil Surrounding a Power Plant by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.942911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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178
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Rajmohan N, Prathapar SA, Jayaprakash M, Nagarajan R. Vertical distribution of heavy metals in soil profile in a seasonally waterlogging agriculture field in Eastern Ganges Basin. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:5411-5427. [PMID: 24818595 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of heavy metals in soil and water is a serious concern due to their persistence and toxicity. This study investigated the vertical distribution of heavy metals, possible sources and their relation with soil texture in a soil profile from seasonally waterlogged agriculture fields of Eastern Ganges basin. Fifteen samples were collected at ~0.90-m interval during drilling of 13.11 mbgl and analysed for physical parameters (moisture content and grain size parameters: sand, silt, clay ratio) and heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Ni and Cd). The average metal content was in the decreasing order of Fe > Mn > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > Co > Pb > Cd. Vertical distribution of Fe, Mn, Zn and Ni shows more or less similar trends, and clay zone records high concentration of heavy metals. The enrichment of heavy metals in clay zone with alkaline pH strongly implies that the heavy metal distributions in the study site are effectively regulated by soil texture and reductive dissolution of Fe and Mn oxy-hydroxides. Correlation coefficient analysis indicates that most of the metals correlate with Fe, Mn and soil texture (clay and silt). Soil quality assessment was carried out using geoaccumulation index (I(geo)), enrichment factor (EF) and contamination factor (CF). The enrichment factor values were ranged between 0.66 (Mn) and 2.34 (Co) for the studied metals, and the contamination factor values varied between 0.79 (Mn) and 2.55 (Co). Results suggest that the elements such as Cu and Co are categorized as moderate to moderately severe contamination, which are further confirmed by I(geo) values (0.69 for Cu and 0.78 for Co). The concentration of Ni exceeded the effects-range median values, and the biological adverse effect of this metal is 87%. The average concentration of heavy metals was compared with published data such as concentration of heavy metals in Ganga River sediments, Ganga Delta sediments and upper continental crust (UCC), which apparently revealed that heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Cr, Pb, Zn and Cd are influenced by the dynamic nature of flood plain deposits. Agricultural practice and domestic sewage are also influenced on the heavy metal content in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rajmohan
- International Water Management Institute, NASC Complex, DPS Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India,
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179
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Lu X, Wu X, Wang Y, Chen H, Gao P, Fu Y. Risk assessment of toxic metals in street dust from a medium-sized industrial city of China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 106:154-63. [PMID: 24840878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of toxic metals As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in street dust of Tongchuan, China were determined by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The risk of the analyzed metals to urban ecosystem and human health were evaluated by potential ecological risk index and human exposure model, respectively. The results show that, in comparison with Shaanxi soil, dust samples have elevated metal concentration as a whole expect for As, Mn, V and Ni. The assessment results of ecological risk indicate that the ecological risks of As, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, V and Zn in the dust were in the low level, while Pb and Co presented low to moderate level. Health risk assessment shows that ingestion was the main exposure route of all analyzed toxic metals in street dust to children and adults. The non-cancer risks of the studied metals to children and adults were within the safe range, and the cancer risks of As, Co, Cr and Ni were also within the currently acceptable range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Lu
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi׳an 710062, People׳s Republic of China.
| | - Xing Wu
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi׳an 710062, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi׳an 710062, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi׳an 710062, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Panpan Gao
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi׳an 710062, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Yi Fu
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi׳an 710062, People׳s Republic of China
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180
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Multi-element characterization and source identification of trace metal in road dust from an industrial city in semi-humid area of Northwest China. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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181
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El-Desoky GE, Aboul-Soud MAM, Al-Othman ZA, Habila M, Giesy JP. Seasonal concentrations of lead in outdoor and indoor dust and blood of children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2014; 36:583-593. [PMID: 24213703 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-013-9582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Because detrimental effects of exposure to lead (Pb) on human health have been observed, we previously investigated concentrations of Pb in water supplies and blood of adult residents of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The objectives of the present study were to: (1) examine seasonal rates of deposition of Pb in dust in several areas of Riyadh city, (2) measure concentrations of Pb in both outdoor and indoor dust, (3) compare concentrations of Pb in dust in Riyadh with those reported for other cities, and (4) quantify Pb in blood of children living in Riyadh. Mean, monthly deposition of PB in outdoor dust was 4.7 × 10(1) ± 3.6 tons km(-2), with a mean Pb concentration of 2.4 × 10(2) ± 4.4 × 10(1) μg/g. Mean, monthly deposition of Pb in indoor dust was 2.7 ± 0.70 tons km(-2), with a mean concentration of 2.9 × 10(1) ± 1.5 × 10(1) μg Pb/g. There was a significant (P < 0.01) correlation between concentrations of Pb in outdoor and indoor dust. There was no correlation between concentrations of Pb in indoor dust and that in blood of children of Riyadh, whereas there was a weakly significant (P < 0.05) correlation between concentrations of Pb in outdoor dust and that in blood of children. The mean (±SD) concentration of Pb in blood of children in Riyadh was 5.2 ± 1.7, with a range of 1.7-1.6 × 10(1) μg/dl. Concentrations of Pb in blood of 17.8 % of children in Riyadh were greater than 10 μg/dl, which is the CDC's level of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber E El-Desoky
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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182
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Fonseca EM, Baptista Neto JA, Pereira MPS, Silva CG, Arantes JD. Study of pollutant distribution in the Guaxindiba Estuarine System--SE Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 82:45-54. [PMID: 24726185 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Guaxindiba Estuarine System is located in the northeast portion of Guanabara Bay. Despite the location inside an environmental protection zone, the main affluent of the river runs through the extremely urbanized area of the cities of Niterói and São Gonçalo. In order to understand the contamination levels of the estuary, 35 surface sediment samples were collected along the river and estuarine area and analyzed for the presence of heavy metals, PAHs, organochlorated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyl and other contaminants. The analyzed data revealed a greatly affected environment with respect to most of these substances. The results suggested propitious deposits of contaminants, with high concentrations of organic matter and fine sediment. The levels of heavy metal in the entire estuarine system were high compared with the local background. The total mean concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Hg, Cr and Ni in the surface sediments were: 3.74; 0.03; 19.3; 15.0; 99.0; n.d.; 29.0; and 22.0mg/kg, respectively, confirming, in certain cases, the high capacity of the environment to concentrate pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Fonseca
- Departamento de Geologia/LAGEMAR - Universidade Federal Fluminense-Brazil, Av. General Milton Tavares de Souza, s/n, 4° andar, Campus da Praia Vermelha, Gragoatá, 24210-346 Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - J A Baptista Neto
- Departamento de Geologia/LAGEMAR - Universidade Federal Fluminense-Brazil, Av. General Milton Tavares de Souza, s/n, 4° andar, Campus da Praia Vermelha, Gragoatá, 24210-346 Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - M P S Pereira
- Departamento de Geologia/LAGEMAR - Universidade Federal Fluminense-Brazil, Av. General Milton Tavares de Souza, s/n, 4° andar, Campus da Praia Vermelha, Gragoatá, 24210-346 Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - C G Silva
- Departamento de Geologia/LAGEMAR - Universidade Federal Fluminense-Brazil, Av. General Milton Tavares de Souza, s/n, 4° andar, Campus da Praia Vermelha, Gragoatá, 24210-346 Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - J D Arantes
- Departamento de Geologia/LAGEMAR - Universidade Federal Fluminense-Brazil, Av. General Milton Tavares de Souza, s/n, 4° andar, Campus da Praia Vermelha, Gragoatá, 24210-346 Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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183
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Li P, Qian H, Howard KWF, Wu J, Lyu X. Anthropogenic pollution and variability of manganese in alluvial sediments of the Yellow River, Ningxia, northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:1385-1398. [PMID: 24122141 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution of sediments is a global concern and can be a serious problem in heavily industrialized parts of the world. Pollution by manganese is particularly common due to its ubiquitous natural occurrence, ease of mobilization, and extensive association with industry. In Ningxia, China, manganese pollution of Yellow River alluvial sediments was assessed by comparing manganese concentrations in 35 sediment samples with background values derived from similar sediments obtained at sites considered remote from potential sources of contamination. Natural background values of manganese were found to range from 192 to 323 mg/kg for surface sediments, and from 220 to 325 and 283 to 394 mg/kg for subsurface sediments at depths of 45–50 and 95–100 cm, respectively. In the study area, manganese content ranged from 565 to 1,363 mg/kg, indicating anthropogenic pollution extending to a depth of at least 1 m in the study area. All 35 samples were found to exceed the threshold effect concentration (TEC) of 460 mg/kg, below which adverse effects on sediment-dwelling organisms are not expected to occur, and one sample (T12) was found to exceed the probable effect concentration (PEC) of 1,100 mg/kg. PEC defines the threshold above which adverse effects are likely to be observed. Variogram analysis of the surface sediment manganese data revealed adherence to a Gaussian model, and ordinary kriging was used to generate a manganese distribution map. Analysis of the high nugget effect ratio indicates high, small-scale variations that are consistent with potential emissions from an adjacent electrolytic manganese plant.
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184
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Zhao N, Lu X, Chao S. Level and contamination assessment of environmentally sensitive elements in smaller than 100 μm street dust particles from Xining, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:2536-49. [PMID: 24590050 PMCID: PMC3986991 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110302536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of the environmentally sensitive elements (ESEs) As, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in smaller than 100 μm street dust particles from Xining were measured using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and their contamination levels were assessed based on enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and pollution load index (PLI). The concentrations of As, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in smaller than 100 μm street dust particles from Xining are 0.1–0.8, 2.7–10.9, 0.7–5.2, 0.3–1.1, 0.6–2.5, 1.2–11.1, 0.7–1.3 and 0.4–2.9 times the background values of Qinghai soil, respectively. The calculated EF and Igeo values reveal the order Co > Pb > Cu > Zn > V > Ni > Mn > As. The EF and Igeo values of Co, Cu, Pb and Zn are higher indicating that there is considerable pollution by these elements in smaller than 100 μm street dust particles, especially for Co. The EF and Igeo of Mn, Ni and V are lower and the assessment results indicate an absence of distinct Mn, Ni and V pollution in the studied samples. The mean value of PLIsite is 1.14, indicating a slightly pollution in the whole city of Xining. The order of PLIarea for the five tested districts is Center District (CD) > East District (ED) > West District (WD) > North District (ND) > South District (SD), showing that ESEs pollution in the South District is the lightest while it is the highest in the Central District.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhao
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Xinwei Lu
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Shigang Chao
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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185
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Cheng C, Wang J, Yang X, Li A, Philippe C. Adsorption of Ni(II) and Cd(II) from water by novel chelating sponge and the effect of alkali-earth metal ions on the adsorption. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 264:332-341. [PMID: 24316805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Novel chelating sponge (PVA-M-H) was prepared with polyvinyl alcohol by graft polymerization and nucleophilic substitution. E.A, SEM, FT-IR, (13)CNMR, and XPS analyses were used to characterize PVA-M-H. The equilibrium adsorption capacities of PVA-M-H for Ni(II) and Cd(II) were 65.39 and 125.11mgg(-1), respectively. Within the range of 278-308K, the adsorption enthalpy changes of Ni(II) and Cd(II) on PVA-M-H were about 36.39-37.72kJmol(-1), and the free energy were about -13.27 to -1.7kJmol(-1). Both pseudo-first- and -second-order equations fit the adsorption kinetic curves well, and the initial adsorption rates of Ni(II) and Cd(II) onto PVA-M-H were 17.83 and 34.81mg (gmin)(-1), respectively. Although the presence of alkali-earth metal ions in solution decreased Ni(II) and Cd(II) removal, PVA-M-H still retained more than 60 and 80% of its adsorption capacity even as the concentration of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) was up to 10mmolL(-1), respectively. Both 0.1M HCl and 0.1M EDTA solution could desorb Ni(II) and Cd(II) from PVA-M-H effectively, and the adsorption capacity of PVA-M-H for Ni(II) and Cd(II) could still maintain more than 90% level without any obvious decrease at the fifth cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Basel 4132, Switzerland.
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Corvini Philippe
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Basel 4132, Switzerland
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186
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Lu X, Zhang X, Li LY, Chen H. Assessment of metals pollution and health risk in dust from nursery schools in Xi'an, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 128:27-34. [PMID: 24407476 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations, pollution and health risks of metals in dust from nursery schools in Xi'an, China were determined. In comparison with local soil, dust samples have elevated metals concentrations except for Mn. The results indicate no distinct pollution of Mn, Ni, As and Ba in the dust, while Cu, Co and Zn are moderate pollution, Pb is significant pollution, and Cr with large pollution range. Most samples presented moderately polluted by metals. The non-cancer risks of the studied metals are within the safe range, and the cancer risks of As, Co, Cr and Ni are also within the currently acceptable range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Lu
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Loretta Y Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
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187
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Assessing spatial distribution, sources, and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Nansi Lake, Eastern China. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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188
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Preparation of novel chelating sponge as an adsorbent for the removal of Cu2+ from water. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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189
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Yin R, Wang D, Deng H, Shi R, Chen Z. Heavy Metal Contamination and Assessment of Roadside and Foliar Dust along the Outer-Ring Highway of Shanghai, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2013; 42:1724-1732. [PMID: 25602412 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2013.04.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Foliar and roadside dust samples were collected from five sites along the outer-ring highway of Shanghai, one of the biggest metropolitan areas of China, to assess heavy/toxic metal contamination. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Ni, As, and Hg in foliar dust were higher than in roadside dust, whereas concentrations of Pb and Cd were higher in roadside dust. In the roadside dust, average concentrations of all metals except As in foliar and roadside dust samples were significantly above the background values of soil in Shanghai: the ratios between the average of samples and background values of Shanghai were in the order: Cd (25.1) > Zn (12.2) > Cu (6.16) > Pb (5.74) > Ni (5.50) > Hg (5.18) > As (1.05). By using the geo-accumulation index, the pollution grades of seven heavy metals at five sampling sites were calculated. Roadside dust was heavily to extremely contaminated with Cd; moderately to heavily contaminated with Zn; and moderately contaminated with Cu, Hg, Pb, and Ni. Foliar dust was heavily contaminated with Cd; moderately to heavily contaminated with Zn and Cu; and moderately contaminated with Hg, Pb, and Ni. The contamination level of heavy metals in the Puxi area was greater than that in the Pudong area, which might be related to the industrial distribution and land use. Combined with correlation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that atmospheric deposition is the main source of Cd, Hg, As, and Pb in dust and that Cu and Zn in dust are mainly from heavy traffic on the highway. A portion of Ni in dust also comes from the parent soil.
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190
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Shandilya KK, Khare M, Gupta AB. Organic matter determination for street dust in Delhi. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:5251-5264. [PMID: 23099860 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The organic matter of street dust is considered as one of the causes for high human mortality rate. To understand the association, the street dust samples were collected from four different localities (industrial, residential, residential-commercial, and commercial) situated in the greater Delhi area of India. The loss-on-ignition method was used to determine the organic matter (OM) content in street dust. The OM content, potassium, calcium, sulfate, and nitrate concentrations of street dust in Delhi, India is measured to understand the spatial variation. Correlation analysis, analysis of variance, and factor analysis were performed to define the sources. The dust OM level ranges from 2.63 to 10.22 %. It is found through correlation and factor analysis that OM is primarily contributed from secondary aerosol and vehicular exhaust. The OM levels suggest that the use of a residential-commercial site for commercial purposes is polluting the street dust and creating the environmental and human health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik K Shandilya
- Civil Engineering Department, The University of Toledo, Toledo, PO Box # 197, OH 43697, USA.
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191
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192
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Zhao H, Li X. Risk assessment of metals in road-deposited sediment along an urban-rural gradient. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 174:297-304. [PMID: 23291211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We applied the traditional risk assessment methods originally designed for soils and river sediments to evaluation of risk associated with metals in road-deposited sediment (RDS) along an urban-rural gradient that included central urban (UCA), urban village (UVA), central suburban county (CSA), rural town (RTA), and rural village (RVA) areas in the Beijing metropolitan region. A new indicator RI(RDS) was developed which integrated the RDS characteristics of mobility, grain size and amount with the potential ecological risk index. The risk associated with metals in RDS in urban areas was generally higher than that in rural areas based on the assessment using traditional methods, but the risk was higher in urban and rural village areas than the areas with higher administration units based on the indicator RI(RDS). These findings implied that RDS characteristics variation with the urban-rural gradient must be considered in metal risk assessment and RDS washoff pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Beijing 100085, China
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193
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Kurt-Karakus PB. Determination of heavy metals in indoor dust from Istanbul, Turkey: estimation of the health risk. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 50:47-55. [PMID: 23073482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Levels of eight potentially toxic heavy metals in indoor dust from homes and offices in Istanbul were investigated. The concentrations of heavy metals in indoor dust from homes+office ranged from 62 to 1800 μgg(-1) for Cu, 3-200 μgg(-1) for Pb, 0.4-20 μgg(-1) for Cd, 210-2800 μgg(-1) for Zn, 2.8-460μgg(-1) for Cr, 8-1300μgg(-1) for Mn, 2.4-25μgg(-1) for Co, 120-2600μgg(-1) for Ni. Results of the study were comparable to other studies conducted on indoor dust and street dust from a variety of cities globally. Considering only ingestion + inhalation, the carcinogenic risk level of Cr for adults and children (3.7×10(-5) and 2.7×10(-5)) in Istanbul was in the range of EPA's safe limits (1×10(-6) and 1×10(-4)), indicating that cancer risk of Cr due to exposure to indoor dust in Istanbul can be acceptable. According to calculated Hazard Quotient (HQ), for non-cancer effects, the ingestion of indoor dust appears to be the major route of exposure to the indoor dust that results in a higher risk for heavy metals, followed by dermal contact and inhalation pathways. However, compared to ingestion and dermal contact exposure, exposure through inhalation is almost negligible. Hazard Index (HI) values for all studied elements were lower than safe limit of 1 and this result suggested that none of the population groups would likely to experience potential health risk due to exposure to heavy metals from indoor dust in the study area.
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194
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Li L, Xu ZR, Zhang C, Bao J, Dai X. Quantitative evaluation of heavy metals in solid residues from sub- and super-critical water gasification of sewage sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 121:169-175. [PMID: 22858482 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Solid residues (SRs) are important byproducts of sub- and super-critical water gasification of sewage sludge (SS). In this study, the quantitative evaluation of heavy metals (HMs) in SRs, compared with SS, is applied in terms of potential ecological risks, pollution levels, and both bioavailability and eco-toxicity. The results show the bioavailability and eco-toxicity of HMs in SRs decrease, although the total concentration of HMs increased, particularly in the bioavailable fraction of Cu, which decreased nearly 97%. The geo-accumulation and potential ecological risk index indicated that the gasification process increased contamination by two levels (to the maximum), while the overall risk was in keeping with SS. However, based on the risk assessment code, each tested HM exhibited lower environmental risk after gasification, especially for Cd, which drastically dropped from 66.67 (very high risk) in SS to 0.71 (no risk) in SRs, with a reaction temperature of 375°C for 60 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- College of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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195
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Iqbal S, Wasim M, Tufail M, Arif M, Chaudhry MM. Elemental contamination in urban parks of Rawalpindi/Islamabad--a source identification and pollution level assessment study. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:5497-5510. [PMID: 21915597 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The soil quality of urban parks is of vital importance as the children playing in the parks get themselves easily contaminated. A study was conducted to assess the level of elemental pollution caused by constant urbanization and industrialization, in various parks of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The soil samples, collected from 14 urban parks of Islamabad and Rawalpindi areas, were analysed for their elemental concentrations. In each sample, 32 elements were quantified using semi-absolute k (0)-instrumental neutron activation analysis and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The quality of analysis was assured by analysing the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reference material IAEA-S7 (soil). The pollution level was assessed by enrichment factor, pollution load index and our suggested indicator called "average toxic element concentration". The elemental concentrations measured in the parks of two cities were compared by t test. Four sources of different elements in the soils were identified by employing principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results of multivariate techniques grouped all parks into four classes. The use of enrichment factor indicated the presence of Ni at slightly higher level in all parks while the pollution load index revealed that the parks of Rawalpindi were relatively more polluted as compared to that of Islamabad. The hot spot areas of elemental concentration were closely related to high traffic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Iqbal
- Chemistry Division, PINSTECH, Nilore, 45650 Islamabad, Pakistan
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196
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Gao B, Yu Y, Zhou H, Lu J. Accumulation and distribution characteristics of platinum group elements in roadside dusts in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:1231-1238. [PMID: 22505271 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations, distribution, and accumulation of platinum group elements (PGEs) were investigated in roadside dusts collected in four different foundational areas in Beijing during February to May 2010. The results showed that PGE levels in all samples were above the average upper crust values, with mean concentrations of 57.5 ng · g(-1) Pd, 28.2 ng · g(-1) Pt, and 9.8 ng · g(-1) Rh, respectively. Palladium concentration has increased rapidly in recent years. The rank of PGE levels in four different functional regions for roadside dusts was: heavy density traffic area > residential area > educational area > tourism area. Palladium, Pt, and Rh concentrations in dusts showed strong positive correlations, indicating a common traffic-related source of these metals. Meanwhile, PGEs in these samples were not correlated with other traffic-related metals except for Cr. The average PGE ratios of road dusts from Beijing were consistent with those in Germany and Western Australia, but lower than those in the United States and Mexico, indicating that various catalyst productions were used in different countries. In addition, grain-size partitioning of PGEs in dusts indicated that concentrations of PGEs differed from one particle size to another. The coarse fraction had higher PGE concentrations than the fine fraction in roadside dusts. These results showed that autocatalyst PGE contamination estimates in the environment would be significantly underestimated if only a fine-grain size fraction (<0.063 mm) is analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Simulation and Regulation of the River Basin Water Cycle, Chinese Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China.
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197
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Okorie A, Entwistle J, Dean JR. Estimation of daily intake of potentially toxic elements from urban street dust and the role of oral bioaccessibility testing. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 86:460-467. [PMID: 22024094 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The pseudo-total and oral bioaccessible concentration of six potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in urban street dust was investigated. Typical pseudo-total concentrations across the sampling sites ranged from 4.4 to 8.6 mg kg(-1) for As, 0.2-3.6 mg kg(-1) for Cd, 25-217 mg kg(-1) for Cu, 14-46 mg kg(-1) for Ni, 70-4261 mg kg(-1) for Pb, and, 111-652 mg kg(-1) for Zn. This data compared favourably with other urban street dust samples collected and analysed in a variety of cities globally; the exception was the high level of Pb determined in a specific sample in this study. The oral bioaccessibility of PTEs in street dust is also assessed using in vitro gastrointestinal extraction (Unified Bioaccessibility Method, UBM). Based on a worst case scenario the oral bioaccessibility data estimated that Cd and Zn had the highest % bioaccessible fractions (median >45%) while the other PTEs i.e. As, Cu, Ni and Pb had lower % bioaccessible fractions (median <35%). The pseudo-total and bioaccessible concentrations of PTEs in the samples has been compared to estimated tolerable daily intake values based on unintentional soil/dust consumption. Cadmium, Cu and Ni are well within the oral tolerable daily intake rates. With respect to As and Pb, only the latter exceeds the TDI(oral) if we model ingestion rate based on atmospheric 'dustiness' rather than the US EPA (2008) unintentional soil/dust consumption rate of 100 mg d(-1). We consider it unlikely that even a child with pica tendencies would ingest as much as 100mg soil/dust during a daily visit to the city centre, and in particular to the sites with elevated Pb concentrations observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Okorie
- Department of Chemical and Forensic Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
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198
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Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Dusts of Maha Sarakham Municipality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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199
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Faiz Y, Siddique N, Tufail M. Pollution level and health risk assessment of road dust from an expressway. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:818-829. [PMID: 22423987 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.664994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen road dust and four soil samples were analyzed using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) to determine the elemental composition of road dust collected from Islamabad Expressway. The amounts of most of the elements determined were generally in the lower range of the global data with the exception of Ce, Nd, Sn and Zr, which were measured at higher concentrations in Islamabad. The magnitudes of Enrichment Factors (EFs) showed that the area around Islamabad Expressway is low to moderately polluted especially by elements such as Mg and Sb. Elemental health risk was assessed through dose calculations for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic metals; and by the determination of LADD (lifetime average daily dose). The carcinogenic metals studied showed the following variation in their LADD values; Cr>Ni>Co>Cd>As. Dose calculations for non-cancerous and cancerous elements showed the data obtained to lie within the safe threshold of 10(-3)-10(-6) mg kg(-1) day(-1) for most elements. The Soil-based elements Al, Fe, K, Mg, Na and Ti were the exception and originated from the exposed soil around the highway. Moreover highest Hazard Index (HI) was found to be associated with the presence of Al, Cr, Pb and V in road dust showing soil, transport and industry to be the major sources of road dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Faiz
- Chemistry Division, Directorate of Science (PINSTECH), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
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200
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Zhang C, Qiao Q, Piper JDA, Huang B. Assessment of heavy metal pollution from a Fe-smelting plant in urban river sediments using environmental magnetic and geochemical methods. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:3057-3070. [PMID: 21561693 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Environmental magnetic proxies provide a rapid means of assessing the degree of industrial heavy metal pollution in soils and sediments. To test the efficiency of magnetic methods for detecting contaminates from a Fe-smelting plant in Loudi City, Hunan Province (China) we investigated river sediments from Lianshui River. Both magnetic and non-magnetic (microscopic, chemical and statistical) methods were used to characterize these sediments. Anthropogenic heavy metals coexist with coarse-grained magnetic spherules. It can be demonstrated that the Pollution Load Index of industrial heavy metals (Fe, V, Cr, Mo, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu) and the logarithm of saturation isothermal remanent magnetization, a proxy for magnetic concentration, are significantly correlated. The distribution heavy metal pollution in the Lianshui River is controlled by surface water transport and deposition. Our findings demonstrate that magnetic methods have a useful and practical application for detecting and mapping pollution in and around modern industrial cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 19 Bei Tucheng Xilu, Chaoyang Dist, Beijing 100029, China.
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