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Petter M, McGrath PJ, Chambers CT, Dick BD. The effects of mindful attention and state mindfulness on acute experimental pain among adolescents. J Pediatr Psychol 2014; 39:521-31. [PMID: 24599947 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention-based coping strategies for pain are widely used in pediatric populations. The purpose of this study was to test a novel mindful attention manipulation on adolescent's experimental pain responses. Furthermore, the relationship between state mindfulness and experimental pain was examined. METHODS A total of 198 adolescents were randomly assigned to a mindful attention manipulation or control group prior to an experimental pain task. Participants completed measures of state mindfulness immediately prior to the pain task, and situational catastrophizing and pain intensity following the task. RESULTS Overall the manipulation had no effect on pain. Secondary analysis showed that meditation experience moderated the effect of the manipulation. State mindfulness predicted pain outcomes, with reductions in situational catastrophizing mediating this relationship. CONCLUSIONS The mindful attention manipulation was effective among adolescents with a regular meditation practice. State mindfulness was related to ameliorated pain responses, and these effects were mediated by reduced catastrophizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Petter
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of AlbertaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta
| | - Patrick J McGrath
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of AlbertaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of AlbertaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of AlbertaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of AlbertaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta mark.pett
| | - Christine T Chambers
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of AlbertaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of AlbertaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of AlbertaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of AlbertaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta
| | - Bruce D Dick
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta
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Evans DR, Eisenlohr-Moul TA, Button DF, Baer RA, Segerstrom SC. Self-Regulatory Deficits Associated with Unpracticed Mindfulness Strategies for Coping with Acute Pain. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 44:23-30. [PMID: 25843972 DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Training in mindfulness is a well-supported therapeutic strategy for pain conditions, though short-term mindfulness training for acute pain is not always effective. To explore the possibility that initial attempts at mindfulness in people without previous training may drain self-regulatory resources, the current study used a student sample (N=63) to test the hypothesis that brief instruction in mindfulness would lead to reduced pain tolerance on a cold pressor task (CPT), compared to more familiar strategies for coping with acute pain. We also investigated whether high heart rate variability (HRV), a physiological indicator of self-regulatory capacity, would predict pain tolerance. Higher HRV predicted greater pain tolerance only in the control group, suggesting that applying unfamiliar mindfulness strategies while attempting to tolerate pain more rapidly sapped self-regulatory strength.
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153
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Basson R, Smith KB. Incorporating Mindfulness Meditation into the Treatment of Provoked Vestibulodynia. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-013-0008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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154
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The Role of Trait Mindfulness in the Pain Experience of Adolescents. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2013; 14:1709-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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155
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Plaza I, Demarzo MMP, Herrera-Mercadal P, García-Campayo J. Mindfulness-based mobile applications: literature review and analysis of current features. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2013; 1:e24. [PMID: 25099314 PMCID: PMC4114453 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interest in mindfulness has increased exponentially, particularly in the fields of psychology and medicine. The trait or state of mindfulness is significantly related to several indicators of psychological health, and mindfulness-based therapies are effective at preventing and treating many chronic diseases. Interest in mobile applications for health promotion and disease self-management is also growing. Despite the explosion of interest, research on both the design and potential uses of mindfulness-based mobile applications (MBMAs) is scarce. Objective Our main objective was to study the features and functionalities of current MBMAs and compare them to current evidence-based literature in the health and clinical setting. Methods We searched online vendor markets, scientific journal databases, and grey literature related to MBMAs. We included mobile applications that featured a mindfulness-based component related to training or daily practice of mindfulness techniques. We excluded opinion-based articles from the literature. Results The literature search resulted in 11 eligible matches, two of which completely met our selection criteria–a pilot study designed to evaluate the feasibility of a MBMA to train the practice of “walking meditation,” and an exploratory study of an application consisting of mood reporting scales and mindfulness-based mobile therapies. The online market search eventually analyzed 50 available MBMAs. Of these, 8% (4/50) did not work, thus we only gathered information about language, downloads, or prices. The most common operating system was Android. Of the analyzed apps, 30% (15/50) have both a free and paid version. MBMAs were devoted to daily meditation practice (27/46, 59%), mindfulness training (6/46, 13%), assessments or tests (5/46, 11%), attention focus (4/46, 9%), and mixed objectives (4/46, 9%). We found 108 different resources, of which the most used were reminders, alarms, or bells (21/108, 19.4%), statistics tools (17/108, 15.7%), audio tracks (15/108, 13.9%), and educational texts (11/108, 10.2%). Daily, weekly, monthly statistics, or reports were provided by 37% (17/46) of the apps. 28% (13/46) of them permitted access to a social network. No information about sensors was available. The analyzed applications seemed not to use any external sensor. English was the only language of 78% (39/50) of the apps, and only 8% (4/50) provided information in Spanish. 20% (9/46) of the apps have interfaces that are difficult to use. No specific apps exist for professionals or, at least, for both profiles (users and professionals). We did not find any evaluations of health outcomes resulting from the use of MBMAs. Conclusions While a wide selection of MBMAs seem to be available to interested people, this study still shows an almost complete lack of evidence supporting the usefulness of those applications. We found no randomized clinical trials evaluating the impact of these applications on mindfulness training or health indicators, and the potential for mobile mindfulness applications remains largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Plaza
- EduQTech R&D&I Group, Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Universidad Zaragoza, Teruel, Teruel, Spain
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156
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Ramesh MG, Sathian B, Sinu E, Kiranmai SR. Efficacy of rajayoga meditation on positive thinking: an index for self-satisfaction and happiness in life. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:2265-2267. [PMID: 24298493 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/5889.3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychological studies have shown that brief period of mindfulness meditation significantly improves critical cognitive skills. But, there are no studies which have assessed the effects of Brahma Kumaris Rajayoga Meditation (BKRM) practice on positive thinking and happiness in life. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis is BKRM enhances positive thinking and that essential to attain higher levels of self-satisfaction and happiness in life. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study is a cross sectional comparative study which was done between Rajayoga meditators and non-meditators. This study was conducted at BKRM Centres at Manipal and Udupi in Karnataka, India. Fifty subjects were selected for this study, which included those practising BKRM in their normal routine life (n=25) and non-meditators (n=25) who were aged 42.95+/15.29 years. Self-reported Oxford happiness questionnaire (OHQ) was administered to all subjects and their happiness scores and status were assessed and compared. Items related to self-satisfaction in life were selected from the OHQ and compared between meditators and non-meditators. Participants completed self-reported OHQ, from which data of happiness status and self-satisfaction in relation to meditation duration and frequency were analyzed by descriptive statistics and test of hypothesis. RESULTS Mean happiness scores of BKRM were significantly higher (p<0.001) in meditators as compared to those in non-meditators. The number of meditators experiencing happiness status were significantly higher (p<0.05) in comparison with non-meditators. Additionally, meditators scored significantly higher on self-satisfaction items (p<0.001) as compared to non-meditators. There was no correlation between age and years of meditation practice with happiness score and self-satisfaction score. CONCLUSION BKRM helps in significantly increasing self-satisfaction and happiness in life by enhancing positive thinking. Irrespective of age and years of short-term or long-term meditation practice, enhanced positive thinking increases self-satisfaction and happiness in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Ramesh
- Lecturer, Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University, India
| | - B Sathian
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - E Sinu
- Assistant Professor, Deparment of Psychiatry, Katurba Medical College, Manipal University, India
| | - S Rai Kiranmai
- Professor, Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University, India
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157
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Chen Y, Yang X, Wang L, Zhang X. A randomized controlled trial of the effects of brief mindfulness meditation on anxiety symptoms and systolic blood pressure in Chinese nursing students. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2013; 33:1166-1172. [PMID: 23260618 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested that mindfulness meditation effectively reduced stress-related anxiety and depression symptoms, but no research has evaluated the efficacy of mindfulness meditation in nurses and nursing students in China. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of brief mindfulness meditation on the anxiety and depression symptoms and autonomic nervous system activity in Chinese nursing students. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial. SETTING A medical university in Guangzhou, China. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and five nursing students were randomly approached by email and seventy-two responded. Sixty recruited students were randomized into meditation and control group (n=30 each) after screening and exclusion due to factors known to influence mood ratings and autonomic nervous system measures. METHODS The meditation group performed mindfulness meditation 30 min daily for 7 consecutive days. The control group received no intervention except pre-post treatment measurements. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale were administered to participants, and heart rate and blood pressure were measured. Pre- and post-treatment data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS Differences between pre- and post-treatment Self-Rating Anxiety Scale scores were significantly larger in the meditation group than in the control group, but no similar effect was observed for Self-Rating Depression Scale scores. Systolic blood pressure was reduced more after the intervention in the meditation group than in the control group, with an average reduction of 2.2 mmHg. A moderate level of anxiety was associated with the maximum meditation effect. CONCLUSIONS Brief mindfulness meditation was beneficial for Chinese nursing students in reducing anxiety symptoms and lowering systolic blood pressure. Individuals with moderate anxiety are most likely to benefit from a short-term mindfulness meditation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong province 510515, China; School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong province 510515, China.
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159
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Liu X, Wang S, Chang S, Chen W, Si M. Effect of brief mindfulness intervention on tolerance and distress of pain induced by cold-pressor task. Stress Health 2013; 29:199-204. [PMID: 22961992 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated that short-term meditation intervention can lead to greater tolerance and lower pain or distress ratings of experimentally induced pain. However, few attempts have been made to examine the effects of short-term mindfulness-based intervention on the tolerance and distress of pain, when delivered in a therapist-free form. The present research explored the effect of brief mindfulness intervention using pre-recorded instruction on pain experimentally induced by the cold-pressor task. The effects of the mindfulness strategy, the distraction strategy and spontaneous strategy, all through the instructions of pre-recorded voices, were compared. The subjects were drawn from healthy college students and randomly assigned to the aforementioned three groups. Our results showed that compared with using spontaneous strategies, the mindfulness intervention significantly improved the participants' pain tolerance and reduced their immersion distress. The distraction strategy also significantly improved the participants' pain tolerance. However, it did not have a significant effect on the participants' level of distress during the immersion period. Our results suggest that brief mindfulness intervention without a therapist's personal involvement is capable of helping people cope with pain induced by the cold-pressor task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
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160
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Zeidan F, Martucci KT, Kraft RA, McHaffie JG, Coghill RC. Neural correlates of mindfulness meditation-related anxiety relief. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013; 9:751-9. [PMID: 23615765 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is the cognitive state related to the inability to control emotional responses to perceived threats. Anxiety is inversely related to brain activity associated with the cognitive regulation of emotions. Mindfulness meditation has been found to regulate anxiety. However, the brain mechanisms involved in meditation-related anxiety relief are largely unknown. We employed pulsed arterial spin labeling MRI to compare the effects of distraction in the form of attending to the breath (ATB; before meditation training) to mindfulness meditation (after meditation training) on state anxiety across the same subjects. Fifteen healthy subjects, with no prior meditation experience, participated in 4 d of mindfulness meditation training. ATB did not reduce state anxiety, but state anxiety was significantly reduced in every session that subjects meditated. Meditation-related anxiety relief was associated with activation of the anterior cingulate cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex and anterior insula. Meditation-related activation in these regions exhibited a strong relationship to anxiety relief when compared to ATB. During meditation, those who exhibited greater default-related activity (i.e. posterior cingulate cortex) reported greater anxiety, possibly reflecting an inability to control self-referential thoughts. These findings provide evidence that mindfulness meditation attenuates anxiety through mechanisms involved in the regulation of self-referential thought processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadel Zeidan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Katherine T Martucci
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Robert A Kraft
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - John G McHaffie
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Robert C Coghill
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Typical interventions for acute pain in children attempt to reduce pain by directing attention away from pain. Conversely, mindfulness involves devoting attention to one's experience in an accepting and nonjudgmental way. However, the effect that instructing children to mindfully devote attention to acute pain has on pain outcomes is unknown. OBJECTIVES To examine whether mindful attention can help children attend to pain without increasing pain intensity or decreasing pain tolerance; to compare the effects of mindful attention with a well-established intervention designed to take attention away from pain (guided imagery); and to test whether baseline coping style or trait mindfulness alter the effects of these interventions. METHODS A total of 82 children (10 to 14 years of age) completed measures of coping style and trait mindfulness. Participants then received either mindful attention or guided imagery instructions designed to direct attention toward or away from pain, respectively, before participating in a cold pressor task. RESULTS The mindful attention group reported more awareness of the physical sensations of pain and thoughts about those sensations. Overall, there were no between-group differences in measures of pain intensity or pain tolerance during the cold pressor task, and no evidence of an interaction between baseline characteristics of the child and experimental condition. CONCLUSIONS Mindful attention was successful in helping children focus attention on experimental pain without increasing pain intensity or decreasing tolerance compared with a well-established intervention for acute pain reduction.
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162
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Brief Mindfulness-Based Therapy for Chronic Tension-Type Headache: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Behav Cogn Psychother 2013; 42:1-15. [DOI: 10.1017/s1352465813000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mindfulness-based therapy (MBT) has been demonstrated to be effective for reducing chronic pain symptoms; however, the use of MBT for Chronic Tension-Type Headache (CTH) exclusively has to date not been examined. Typically, MBT for chronic pain has involved an 8-week program based on Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction. Recent research suggests briefer mindfulness-based treatments may be effective for chronic pain. Aims: To conduct a pilot study into the efficacy of brief MBT for CTH. Method: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a brief (6-session, 3-week) MBT for CTH. Results: Results indicated a significant decrease in headache frequency and an increase in the mindfulness facet of Observe in the treatment but not wait-list control group. Conclusion: Brief MBT may be an effective intervention for CTH.
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163
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Grant C, Hobkirk A, Persons E, Hwang V, Danoff-Burg S. Cardiovascular Reactivity to and Recovery from Stressful Tasks Following a Mindfulness Analog in College Students with a Family History of Hypertension. J Altern Complement Med 2013; 19:341-6. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2011.0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andréa Hobkirk
- University at Albany–State University of New York, Albany, NY
| | | | - Vivian Hwang
- University at Albany–State University of New York, Albany, NY
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Psychobiological Correlates of Improved Mental Health in Patients With Musculoskeletal Pain After a Mindfulness-based Pain Management Program. Clin J Pain 2013; 29:233-44. [DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0b013e31824c5d9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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165
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Mirams L, Poliakoff E, Brown RJ, Lloyd DM. Brief body-scan meditation practice improves somatosensory perceptual decision making. Conscious Cogn 2013; 22:348-59. [PMID: 22889642 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mirams
- Division of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, Zochonis Building, University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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166
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Kerr CE, Sacchet MD, Lazar SW, Moore CI, Jones SR. Mindfulness starts with the body: somatosensory attention and top-down modulation of cortical alpha rhythms in mindfulness meditation. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:12. [PMID: 23408771 PMCID: PMC3570934 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a common set of mindfulness exercises, mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) have been shown to reduce distress in chronic pain and decrease risk of depression relapse. These standardized mindfulness (ST-Mindfulness) practices predominantly require attending to breath and body sensations. Here, we offer a novel view of ST-Mindfulness's somatic focus as a form of training for optimizing attentional modulation of 7-14 Hz alpha rhythms that play a key role in filtering inputs to primary sensory neocortex and organizing the flow of sensory information in the brain. In support of the framework, we describe our previous finding that ST-Mindfulness enhanced attentional regulation of alpha in primary somatosensory cortex (SI). The framework allows us to make several predictions. In chronic pain, we predict somatic attention in ST-Mindfulness "de-biases" alpha in SI, freeing up pain-focused attentional resources. In depression relapse, we predict ST-Mindfulness's somatic attention competes with internally focused rumination, as internally focused cognitive processes (including working memory) rely on alpha filtering of sensory input. Our computational model predicts ST-Mindfulness enhances top-down modulation of alpha by facilitating precise alterations in timing and efficacy of SI thalamocortical inputs. We conclude by considering how the framework aligns with Buddhist teachings that mindfulness starts with "mindfulness of the body." Translating this theory into neurophysiology, we hypothesize that with its somatic focus, mindfulness' top-down alpha rhythm modulation in SI enhances gain control which, in turn, sensitizes practitioners to better detect and regulate when the mind wanders from its somatic focus. This enhanced regulation of somatic mind-wandering may be an important early stage of mindfulness training that leads to enhanced cognitive regulation and metacognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D. Sacchet
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stanford UniversityStanford, CA, USA
| | - Sara W. Lazar
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center For Biomedical Imaging, Mass General HospitalCharlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Stephanie R. Jones
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center For Biomedical Imaging, Mass General HospitalCharlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
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Brotto LA, Basson R, Carlson M, Zhu C. Impact of an integrated mindfulness and cognitive behavioural treatment for provoked vestibulodynia (IMPROVED): a qualitative study. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2012.686661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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168
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Cebolla A, Luciano JV, DeMarzo MP, Navarro-Gil M, Campayo JG. Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) in patients with fibromyalgia. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2013; 11:6. [PMID: 23317306 PMCID: PMC3554469 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-11-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mindful-based interventions improve functioning and quality of life in fibromyalgia (FM) patients. The aim of the study is to perform a psychometric analysis of the Spanish version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) in a sample of patients diagnosed with FM. Methods The following measures were administered to 251 Spanish patients with FM: the Spanish version of MAAS, the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, the Pain Catastrophising Scale, the Injustice Experience Questionnaire, the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale, the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and the Euroqol. Factorial structure was analysed using Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA). Cronbach's α coefficient was calculated to examine internal consistency, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess the test-retest reliability of the measures. Pearson’s correlation tests were run to evaluate univariate relationships between scores on the MAAS and criterion variables. Results The MAAS scores in our sample were low (M = 56.7; SD = 17.5). CFA confirmed a two-factor structure, with the following fit indices [sbX2 = 172.34 (p < 0.001), CFI = 0.95, GFI = 0.90, SRMR = 0.05, RMSEA = 0.06. MAAS was found to have high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.90) and adequate test-retest reliability at a 1–2 week interval (ICC = 0.90). It showed significant and expected correlations with the criterion measures with the exception of the Euroqol (Pearson = 0.15). Conclusion Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the MAAS in patients with FM are adequate. The dimensionality of the MAAS found in this sample and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausias Cebolla
- Department of Psychiatry, Miguel Servet Hospital & University of Zaragoza, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Red de Actividades Preventivas y de Promoción de la Salud (REDIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain.
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Kok BE, Waugh CE, Fredrickson BL. Meditation and Health: The Search for Mechanisms of Action. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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170
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Reiner K, Tibi L, Lipsitz JD. Do mindfulness-based interventions reduce pain intensity? A critical review of the literature. PAIN MEDICINE 2012; 14:230-42. [PMID: 23240921 DOI: 10.1111/pme.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) emphasizing a nonjudgmental attitude toward present moment experience are widely used for chronic pain patients. Although changing or controlling pain is not an explicit aim of MBIs, recent experimental studies suggest that mindfulness practice may lead to changes in pain tolerance and pain intensity ratings. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to investigate the specific effect of MBIs on pain intensity. METHODS A literature search was conducted using the databases PUBMED and PsycINFO for relevant articles published from 1960 to December 2010. We additionally conducted a manual search of references from the retrieved articles. Only studies providing detailed results on change in pain intensity ratings were included. RESULTS Sixteen studies were included in this review (eight uncontrolled and eight controlled trials). In most studies (10 of 16), there was significantly decreased pain intensity in the MBI group. Findings were more consistently positive for samples limited to clinical pain (9 of 11). In addition, most controlled trials (6 of 8) reveal higher reductions in pain intensity for MBIs compared with control groups. Results from follow-up assessments reveal that reductions in pain intensity were generally well maintained. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that MBIs decrease the intensity of pain for chronic pain patients. We discuss implications for understanding mechanisms of change in MBIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Reiner
- Department of Psychology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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171
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Garland EL, Gaylord SA, Palsson O, Faurot K, Douglas Mann J, Whitehead WE. Therapeutic mechanisms of a mindfulness-based treatment for IBS: effects on visceral sensitivity, catastrophizing, and affective processing of pain sensations. J Behav Med 2012; 35:591-602. [PMID: 22161025 PMCID: PMC3883954 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-011-9391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional disorder characterized by abdominal pain and hypervigilance to gastrointestinal sensations. We hypothesized that mindfulness training (MT), which promotes nonreactive awareness of emotional and sensory experience, may target underlying mechanisms of IBS including affective pain processing and catastrophic appraisals of gastrointestinal sensations. Seventy five female IBS patients were randomly assigned to participate in either 8 weeks of MT or a social support group. A theoretically grounded, multivariate path model tested therapeutic mediators of the effect of MT on IBS severity and quality of life. Results suggest that MT exerts significant therapeutic effects on IBS symptoms by promoting nonreactivity to gut-focused anxiety and catastrophic appraisals of the significance of abdominal sensations coupled with a refocusing of attention onto interoceptive data with less emotional interference. Hence, MT appears to target and ameliorate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Garland
- College of Social Work, Trinity Institute for the Addictions, Florida State University, 296 Champions Way, PO Box 3062570, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-2570, USA,
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172
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A comparison of the effect of mindfulness and relaxation on responses to acute experimental pain. Eur J Pain 2012; 17:742-52. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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173
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Ussher M, Spatz A, Copland C, Nicolaou A, Cargill A, Amini-Tabrizi N, McCracken LM. Immediate effects of a brief mindfulness-based body scan on patients with chronic pain. J Behav Med 2012; 37:127-34. [PMID: 23129105 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-012-9466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has benefits for those with chronic pain. MBSR typically entails an intensive 8-week intervention. The effects of very brief mindfulness interventions are unknown. Among those with chronic pain, the immediate effects of a 10 min mindfulness-based body scan were compared with a control intervention. Fifty-five adult outpatients were randomly assigned to either: (1) mindfulness-based body scan (n = 27) or (2) a reading about natural history (control group, n = 28), provided via a 10 min audio-recording. Interventions were delivered twice across 24 h; once in the clinic and once in participants' 'normal' environment. Immediately before and after listening to the recording, participants rated pain severity, pain related distress, perceived ability for daily activities, perceived likelihood of pain interfering with social relations, and mindfulness. In the clinic, there was a significant reduction in ratings for pain related distress and for pain interfering with social relations for the body scan group compared with the control group (p = 0.005; p = 0.036, respectively). In the normal environment none of the ratings were significantly different between the groups. These data suggest that, in a clinic setting, a brief body scan has immediate benefits for those experiencing chronic pain. These benefits need to be confirmed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ussher
- Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK,
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174
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Vago DR, Silbersweig DA. Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness. Front Hum Neurosci 2012. [PMID: 23112770 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00296.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness-as a state, trait, process, type of meditation, and intervention has proven to be beneficial across a diverse group of psychological disorders as well as for general stress reduction. Yet, there remains a lack of clarity in the operationalization of this construct, and underlying mechanisms. Here, we provide an integrative theoretical framework and systems-based neurobiological model that explains the mechanisms by which mindfulness reduces biases related to self-processing and creates a sustainable healthy mind. Mindfulness is described through systematic mental training that develops meta-awareness (self-awareness), an ability to effectively modulate one's behavior (self-regulation), and a positive relationship between self and other that transcends self-focused needs and increases prosocial characteristics (self-transcendence). This framework of self-awareness, -regulation, and -transcendence (S-ART) illustrates a method for becoming aware of the conditions that cause (and remove) distortions or biases. The development of S-ART through meditation is proposed to modulate self-specifying and narrative self-networks through an integrative fronto-parietal control network. Relevant perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral neuropsychological processes are highlighted as supporting mechanisms for S-ART, including intention and motivation, attention regulation, emotion regulation, extinction and reconsolidation, prosociality, non-attachment, and decentering. The S-ART framework and neurobiological model is based on our growing understanding of the mechanisms for neurocognition, empirical literature, and through dismantling the specific meditation practices thought to cultivate mindfulness. The proposed framework will inform future research in the contemplative sciences and target specific areas for development in the treatment of psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Vago
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA, USA
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175
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Vago DR, Silbersweig DA. Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness. Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6:296. [PMID: 23112770 PMCID: PMC3480633 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness—as a state, trait, process, type of meditation, and intervention has proven to be beneficial across a diverse group of psychological disorders as well as for general stress reduction. Yet, there remains a lack of clarity in the operationalization of this construct, and underlying mechanisms. Here, we provide an integrative theoretical framework and systems-based neurobiological model that explains the mechanisms by which mindfulness reduces biases related to self-processing and creates a sustainable healthy mind. Mindfulness is described through systematic mental training that develops meta-awareness (self-awareness), an ability to effectively modulate one's behavior (self-regulation), and a positive relationship between self and other that transcends self-focused needs and increases prosocial characteristics (self-transcendence). This framework of self-awareness, -regulation, and -transcendence (S-ART) illustrates a method for becoming aware of the conditions that cause (and remove) distortions or biases. The development of S-ART through meditation is proposed to modulate self-specifying and narrative self-networks through an integrative fronto-parietal control network. Relevant perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral neuropsychological processes are highlighted as supporting mechanisms for S-ART, including intention and motivation, attention regulation, emotion regulation, extinction and reconsolidation, prosociality, non-attachment, and decentering. The S-ART framework and neurobiological model is based on our growing understanding of the mechanisms for neurocognition, empirical literature, and through dismantling the specific meditation practices thought to cultivate mindfulness. The proposed framework will inform future research in the contemplative sciences and target specific areas for development in the treatment of psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Vago
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA, USA
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176
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Iglesias SL, Azzara S, Argibay JC, Arnaiz ML, de Valle Carpineta M, Granchetti H, Lagomarsino E. Psychological and Physiological Response of Students to Different Types of Stress Management Programs. Am J Health Promot 2012; 26:e149-58. [DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.110516-qual-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To design, implement, and examine the psychoneuroendocrine responses of three different types of stress management programs. Design. Randomly assigned. A pre/post experimental design comparing variables between three different programs and a control group. The first program included training in deep breathing, relaxation response, meditation, and guided imagery techniques (RRGI). The second program included training in cognitive behavioral techniques (CB). The third program included both RRGI and CB (RRGICB). Setting. The study was conducted at Buenos Aires University. Subjects. Participants (N = 52) were undergraduate students. Measures. Anxiety, anger, hopelessness, neuroticism, respiration rate, and salivary cortisol levels were assessed. Analysis. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to investigate differences in pre and post variables. Results. Subjects in the RRGI group showed significantly lower levels of anxiety (p < .011), anger (p < .012), neuroticism (p < .01), respiratory rate (p < .002), hopelessness (p < .01), and salivary cortisol (p < .002) after the treatment. Subjects in the CB group showed significantly lower levels of anxiety (p < .018), anger (p < .037), and neuroticism (p < .03) after the treatment. Subjects in the RRGICB group showed significantly lower levels of anxiety (p < .001), anger (p < .001), neuroticism (p < .008), hopelessness (p < .01), respiratory rate (p < .001), and salivary cortisol (p < .002) after the treatment. Subjects in the control group showed only one variable modification, a significant increase in cortisol levels (p < .004). Conclusions. The combination of deep breathing, relaxation response, meditation, and guided imagery techniques with CB seems to be effective at helping people to deal with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia L. Iglesias
- Silvia L. Iglesias, MS, is with Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Sergio Azzara, MS; Juan Carlos Argibay, MS; and María Lores Arnaiz, MS, are with Cátedra de Metodología para la Investigación Psicológica I, Facultad de Psicología; and Hugo Granchetti, MS, and Eduardo Lagomarsino, PhD, are with Cátedra de Farmacia Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. María de Valle Carpineta, MS, is
| | - Sergio Azzara
- Silvia L. Iglesias, MS, is with Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Sergio Azzara, MS; Juan Carlos Argibay, MS; and María Lores Arnaiz, MS, are with Cátedra de Metodología para la Investigación Psicológica I, Facultad de Psicología; and Hugo Granchetti, MS, and Eduardo Lagomarsino, PhD, are with Cátedra de Farmacia Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. María de Valle Carpineta, MS, is
| | - Juan Carlos Argibay
- Silvia L. Iglesias, MS, is with Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Sergio Azzara, MS; Juan Carlos Argibay, MS; and María Lores Arnaiz, MS, are with Cátedra de Metodología para la Investigación Psicológica I, Facultad de Psicología; and Hugo Granchetti, MS, and Eduardo Lagomarsino, PhD, are with Cátedra de Farmacia Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. María de Valle Carpineta, MS, is
| | - María Lores Arnaiz
- Silvia L. Iglesias, MS, is with Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Sergio Azzara, MS; Juan Carlos Argibay, MS; and María Lores Arnaiz, MS, are with Cátedra de Metodología para la Investigación Psicológica I, Facultad de Psicología; and Hugo Granchetti, MS, and Eduardo Lagomarsino, PhD, are with Cátedra de Farmacia Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. María de Valle Carpineta, MS, is
| | - María de Valle Carpineta
- Silvia L. Iglesias, MS, is with Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Sergio Azzara, MS; Juan Carlos Argibay, MS; and María Lores Arnaiz, MS, are with Cátedra de Metodología para la Investigación Psicológica I, Facultad de Psicología; and Hugo Granchetti, MS, and Eduardo Lagomarsino, PhD, are with Cátedra de Farmacia Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. María de Valle Carpineta, MS, is
| | - Hugo Granchetti
- Silvia L. Iglesias, MS, is with Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Sergio Azzara, MS; Juan Carlos Argibay, MS; and María Lores Arnaiz, MS, are with Cátedra de Metodología para la Investigación Psicológica I, Facultad de Psicología; and Hugo Granchetti, MS, and Eduardo Lagomarsino, PhD, are with Cátedra de Farmacia Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. María de Valle Carpineta, MS, is
| | - Eduardo Lagomarsino
- Silvia L. Iglesias, MS, is with Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Sergio Azzara, MS; Juan Carlos Argibay, MS; and María Lores Arnaiz, MS, are with Cátedra de Metodología para la Investigación Psicológica I, Facultad de Psicología; and Hugo Granchetti, MS, and Eduardo Lagomarsino, PhD, are with Cátedra de Farmacia Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. María de Valle Carpineta, MS, is
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177
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Gauchet A, Shankland R, Dantzer C, Pelissier S, Aguerre C. Applications cliniques en psychologie de la santé. PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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178
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Strick M, van Noorden THJ, Ritskes RR, de Ruiter JR, Dijksterhuis A. Zen meditation and access to information in the unconscious. Conscious Cogn 2012; 21:1476-81. [PMID: 22546473 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In two experiments and two different research paradigms, we tested the hypothesis that Zen meditation increases access to accessible but unconscious information. Zen practitioners who meditated in the lab performed better on the Remote Associate Test (RAT; Mednick, 1962) than Zen practitioners who did not meditate. In a new, second task, it was observed that Zen practitioners who meditated used subliminally primed words more than Zen practitioners who did not meditate. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelijn Strick
- Social Psychology Program, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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179
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Zeidan F, Grant JA, Brown CA, McHaffie JG, Coghill RC. Mindfulness meditation-related pain relief: evidence for unique brain mechanisms in the regulation of pain. Neurosci Lett 2012; 520:165-73. [PMID: 22487846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cognitive modulation of pain is influenced by a number of factors ranging from attention, beliefs, conditioning, expectations, mood, and the regulation of emotional responses to noxious sensory events. Recently, mindfulness meditation has been found attenuate pain through some of these mechanisms including enhanced cognitive and emotional control, as well as altering the contextual evaluation of sensory events. This review discusses the brain mechanisms involved in mindfulness meditation-related pain relief across different meditative techniques, expertise and training levels, experimental procedures, and neuroimaging methodologies. Converging lines of neuroimaging evidence reveal that mindfulness meditation-related pain relief is associated with unique appraisal cognitive processes depending on expertise level and meditation tradition. Moreover, it is postulated that mindfulness meditation-related pain relief may share a common final pathway with other cognitive techniques in the modulation of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zeidan
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
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180
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Dickenson J, Berkman ET, Arch J, Lieberman MD. Neural correlates of focused attention during a brief mindfulness induction. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2012; 8:40-7. [PMID: 22383804 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nss030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness meditation-the practice of attending to present moment experience and allowing emotions and thoughts to pass without judgment-has shown to be beneficial in clinical populations across diverse outcomes. However, the basic neural mechanisms by which mindfulness operates and relates to everyday outcomes in novices remain unexplored. Focused attention is a common mindfulness induction where practitioners focus on specific physical sensations, typically the breath. The present study explores the neural mechanisms of this common mindfulness induction among novice practitioners. Healthy novice participants completed a brief task with both mindful attention [focused breathing (FB)] and control (unfocused attention) conditions during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Relative to the control condition, FB recruited an attention network including parietal and prefrontal structures and trait-level mindfulness during this comparison also correlated with parietal activation. Results suggest that the neural mechanisms of a brief mindfulness induction are related to attention processes in novices and that trait mindfulness positively moderates this activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Dickenson
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA
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181
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Van Ryckeghem DM, Crombez G, Eccleston C, Liefooghe B, Van Damme S. The Interruptive Effect of Pain in a Multitask Environment: An Experimental Investigation. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2012; 13:131-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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182
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Gard T, Hölzel BK, Sack AT, Hempel H, Lazar SW, Vaitl D, Ott U. Pain attenuation through mindfulness is associated with decreased cognitive control and increased sensory processing in the brain. Cereb Cortex 2011; 22:2692-702. [PMID: 22172578 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain can be modulated by several cognitive techniques, typically involving increased cognitive control and decreased sensory processing. Recently, it has been demonstrated that pain can also be attenuated by mindfulness. Here, we investigate the underlying brain mechanisms by which the state of mindfulness reduces pain. Mindfulness practitioners and controls received unpleasant electric stimuli in the functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner during a mindfulness and a control condition. Mindfulness practitioners, but not controls, were able to reduce pain unpleasantness by 22% and anticipatory anxiety by 29% during a mindful state. In the brain, this reduction was associated with decreased activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex and increased activation in the right posterior insula during stimulation and increased rostral anterior cingulate cortex activation during the anticipation of pain. These findings reveal a unique mechanism of pain modulation, comprising increased sensory processing and decreased cognitive control, and are in sharp contrast to established pain modulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gard
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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183
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Glück TM, Maercker A. A randomized controlled pilot study of a brief web-based mindfulness training. BMC Psychiatry 2011; 11:175. [PMID: 22067058 PMCID: PMC3250944 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-11-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness has been shown to be effective in treating various medical and mental problems. Especially its incorporation in cognitive-behavioural interventions has improved long-term outcomes of those treatments. It has also been shown, that brief mindfulness-based trainings are effective in reducing distress. There have been few web-based interventions incorporating mindfulness techniques in their manual and it remains unclear whether a brief web-based mindfulness intervention is feasible. METHODS Out of 50 adults (different distress levels; exclusion criteria: <18 years, indication of psychotic or suicidal ideation in screening) who were recruited via e-mail and screened online, 49 were randomized into an immediate 2-weeks-treatment group (N=28) or a waitlist-control group (N=21), starting with a 2-week delay. Distress (BSI), perceived stress (PSQ), mindfulness (FMI), as well as mood and emotion regulation (PANAS/SEK-27) were measured at pre-, post- and 3-month follow-up (3MFU). Intention-to-treat analyses using MI for missing data and per-protocol analyses (≥50% attendance) were performed. RESULTS 26 participants of the treatment group completed post-measures. Most measures under ITT-analysis revealed no significant improvement for the treatment group, but trends with medium effect sizes for PSQ (d=0.46) and PANASneg (d=0.50) and a small, non-significant effect for FMI (d=0.29). Per-protocol analyses for persons who participated over 50% of the time revealed significant treatment effects for PSQ (d=0.72) and PANASneg (d=0.77). Comparing higher distressed participants with lower distressed participants, highly distressed participants seemed to profit more of the training in terms of distress reduction (GSI, d=0.85). Real change (RCI) occurred for PSQ in the treatment condition (OR=9). Results also suggest that participants continued to benefit from the training at 3MFU. CONCLUSION This study of a brief web-based mindfulness training indicates that mindfulness can be taught online and may improve distress, perceived stress and negative affect for regular users. Although there were no significant improvements, but trends, for most measures under ITT, feasibility of such a program was demonstrated and also that persons continued to use techniques of the training in daily life. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS): DRKS00003209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Glück
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Clinical, Biological and Differential Psychology, Liebiggasse 5, A-1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andreas Maercker
- Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestr. 14/17, 8020 Zurich, Switzerland
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184
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Interactive gaming reduces experimental pain with or without a head mounted display. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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185
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Murphy DR, Hurwitz EL. The usefulness of clinical measures of psychologic factors in patients with spinal pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2011; 34:609-13. [PMID: 22018754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to investigate whether a screening procedure could capture important psychologic factors with minimum burden to the patient and to investigate whether correlations exist among the various psychologic factors. METHODS A screening procedure consisting of the 11-item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, a 2-question coping strategies screen, and the depression and anxiety subscales of the Bournemouth Disability Questionnaire was provided to consecutive patients with neck pain (NP) or low back pain (LBP) as part of the usual initial assessment process at a busy spine center, which includes chiropractic and physical therapy. Correlations and associations between these variables were determined. RESULTS Data were collected on 95 patients with NP and 260 patients with LBP. Statistically significant correlations and associations were found between all measures in both cohorts with the exception of depression and coping in patients with NP. Statistically significant associations were found among all measures in both cohorts with the exception of depression and coping and coping and fear in patients with NP. CONCLUSION This study showed that a screening procedure may provide useful clinical information regarding psychologic factors that are of potential relevance in patients with NP and LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Murphy
- Clinical Director, Rhode Island Spine Center, Pawtucket, USA.
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186
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de Dios MA, Herman DS, Britton WB, Hagerty CE, Anderson BJ, Stein MD. Motivational and mindfulness intervention for young adult female marijuana users. J Subst Abuse Treat 2011; 42:56-64. [PMID: 21940136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study tested the efficacy of a brief intervention using motivational interviewing (MI) plus mindfulness meditation (MM) to reduce marijuana use among young adult females. Thirty-four female marijuana users between the ages of 18 and 29 were randomized to either the intervention group (n = 22), consisting of two sessions of MI-MM, or an assessment-only control group (n = 12). The participants' marijuana use was assessed at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 months posttreatment. Fixed-effects regression modeling was used to analyze treatment effects. Participants randomized to the intervention group were found to use marijuana on 6.15 (z = -2.42, p = .015), 7.81 (z = -2.78, p = .005), and 6.83 (z = -2.23, p = .026) fewer days at Months 1, 2, and 3, respectively, than controls. Findings from this pilot study provide preliminary evidence for the feasibility and effectiveness of a brief MI-MM for young adult female marijuana users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A de Dios
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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187
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Vago DR, Nakamura Y. Selective Attentional Bias Towards Pain-Related Threat in Fibromyalgia: Preliminary Evidence for Effects of Mindfulness Meditation Training. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-011-9391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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188
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Abstract
The subjective experience of one's environment is constructed by interactions among sensory, cognitive, and affective processes. For centuries, meditation has been thought to influence such processes by enabling a nonevaluative representation of sensory events. To better understand how meditation influences the sensory experience, we used arterial spin labeling functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the neural mechanisms by which mindfulness meditation influences pain in healthy human participants. After 4 d of mindfulness meditation training, meditating in the presence of noxious stimulation significantly reduced pain unpleasantness by 57% and pain intensity ratings by 40% when compared to rest. A two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA was used to identify interactions between meditation and pain-related brain activation. Meditation reduced pain-related activation of the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify brain regions associated with individual differences in the magnitude of meditation-related pain reductions. Meditation-induced reductions in pain intensity ratings were associated with increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula, areas involved in the cognitive regulation of nociceptive processing. Reductions in pain unpleasantness ratings were associated with orbitofrontal cortex activation, an area implicated in reframing the contextual evaluation of sensory events. Moreover, reductions in pain unpleasantness also were associated with thalamic deactivation, which may reflect a limbic gating mechanism involved in modifying interactions between afferent input and executive-order brain areas. Together, these data indicate that meditation engages multiple brain mechanisms that alter the construction of the subjectively available pain experience from afferent information.
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189
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Enhanced brain connectivity in long-term meditation practitioners. Neuroimage 2011; 57:1308-16. [PMID: 21664467 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Very little is currently known about the cerebral characteristics that underlie the complex processes of meditation as only a limited number of studies have addressed this topic. Research exploring structural connectivity in meditation practitioners is particularly rare. We thus acquired diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data of high angular and spatial resolution and used atlas-based tract mapping methods to investigate white matter fiber characteristics in a well-matched sample of long-term meditators and controls (n=54). A broad field mapping approach estimated the fractional anisotropy (FA) for twenty different fiber tracts (i.e., nine tracts in each hemisphere and two inter-hemispheric tracts) that were subsequently used as dependent measures. Results showed pronounced structural connectivity in meditators compared to controls throughout the entire brain within major projection pathways, commissural pathways, and association pathways. The largest group differences were observed within the corticospinal tract, the temporal component of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, and the uncinate fasciculus. While cross-sectional studies represent a good starting point for elucidating possible links between meditation and white matter fiber characteristics, longitudinal studies will be necessary to determine the relative contribution of nature and nurture to enhanced structural connectivity in long-term meditators.
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190
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Kerr CE, Jones SR, Wan Q, Pritchett DL, Wasserman RH, Wexler A, Villanueva JJ, Shaw JR, Lazar SW, Kaptchuk TJ, Littenberg R, Hämäläinen MS, Moore CI. Effects of mindfulness meditation training on anticipatory alpha modulation in primary somatosensory cortex. Brain Res Bull 2011; 85:96-103. [PMID: 21501665 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
During selective attention, ∼7-14 Hz alpha rhythms are modulated in early sensory cortices, suggesting a mechanistic role for these dynamics in perception. Here, we investigated whether alpha modulation can be enhanced by "mindfulness" meditation (MM), a program training practitioners in sustained attention to body and breath-related sensations. We hypothesized that participants in the MM group would exhibit enhanced alpha power modulation in a localized representation in the primary somatosensory neocortex in response to a cue, as compared to participants in the control group. Healthy subjects were randomized to 8-weeks of MM training or a control group. Using magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recording of the SI finger representation, we found meditators demonstrated enhanced alpha power modulation in response to a cue. This finding is the first to show enhanced local alpha modulation following sustained attentional training, and implicates this form of enhanced dynamic neural regulation in the behavioral effects of meditative practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Kerr
- Harvard Osher Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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191
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Sibinga EMS, Kemper KJ. Complementary, holistic, and integrative medicine: meditation practices for pediatric health. Pediatr Rev 2010; 31:e91-103. [PMID: 21123509 DOI: 10.1542/pir.31-12-e91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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192
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Ditre JW, Heckman BW, Butts EA, Brandon TH. Effects of expectancies and coping on pain-induced motivation to smoke. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010; 119:524-33. [PMID: 20677841 DOI: 10.1037/a0019568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of tobacco smoking among persons with recurrent pain is approximately twice that observed in the general population. Smoking has been associated with the development and exacerbation of several chronically painful conditions. Conversely, there is both experimental and cross-sectional evidence that pain is a potent motivator of smoking. A recent study provided the first evidence that laboratory-induced pain could elicit increased craving and produce shorter latencies to smoke (Ditre & Brandon, 2008). To further elucidate interrelations between pain and smoking, and to identify potential targets for intervention, in the current study, we tested whether several constructs derived from social-cognitive theory influence the causal pathway between pain and increased motivation to smoke. Smokers (N = 132) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions in this 2 x 2 between-subjects experimental design. Results indicated that manipulations designed to (a) challenge smoking-related outcome expectancies for pain reduction and (b) enhance pain-related coping produced decreased urge ratings and increased latencies to smoke, relative to controls. An unexpected interaction effect revealed that although each manipulation was sufficient to reduce smoking urges, the combination was neither additive nor synergistic. These findings were integrated with those of the extant literature to conceptualize and depict a causal pathway between pain and motivation to smoke as moderated by smoking-related outcome expectancies and mediated by the use of pain coping behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Ditre
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, 4115 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33617, USA
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193
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Grant JA, Courtemanche J, Rainville P. A non-elaborative mental stance and decoupling of executive and pain-related cortices predicts low pain sensitivity in Zen meditators. Pain 2010; 152:150-156. [PMID: 21055874 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Concepts originating from ancient Eastern texts are now being explored scientifically, leading to new insights into mind/brain function. Meditative practice, often viewed as an emotion regulation strategy, has been associated with pain reduction, low pain sensitivity, chronic pain improvement, and thickness of pain-related cortices. Zen meditation is unlike previously studied emotion regulation techniques; more akin to 'no appraisal' than 'reappraisal'. This implies the cognitive evaluation of pain may be involved in the pain-related effects observed in meditators. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and a thermal pain paradigm we show that practitioners of Zen, compared to controls, reduce activity in executive, evaluative and emotion areas during pain (prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus). Meditators with the most experience showed the largest activation reductions. Simultaneously, meditators more robustly activated primary pain processing regions (anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, insula). Importantly, the lower pain sensitivity in meditators was strongly predicted by reductions in functional connectivity between executive and pain-related cortices. Results suggest a functional decoupling of the cognitive-evaluative and sensory-discriminative dimensions of pain, possibly allowing practitioners to view painful stimuli more neutrally. The activation pattern is remarkably consistent with the mindset described in Zen and the notion of mindfulness. Our findings contrast and challenge current concepts of pain and emotion regulation and cognitive control; commonly thought to manifest through increased activation of frontal executive areas. We suggest it is possible to self-regulate in a more 'passive' manner, by reducing higher-order evaluative processes, as demonstrated here by the disengagement of anterior brain systems in meditators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Grant
- Département de physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C3J7 Centre de recherche en science neurologiques (GRSNC), Montréal, QC, Canada H3C3J7 Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition (CERNEC) and Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, QC, Canada H3W1W5 Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C3J7 Département de stomatologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C3J7
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194
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Zeidan F, Johnson SK, Gordon NS, Goolkasian P. Effects of Brief and Sham Mindfulness Meditation on Mood and Cardiovascular Variables. J Altern Complement Med 2010; 16:867-73. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2009.0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fadel Zeidan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Susan K. Johnson
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC
| | - Nakia S. Gordon
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC
| | - Paula Goolkasian
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC
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195
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196
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Buhle J, Wager TD. Does meditation training lead to enduring changes in the anticipation and experience of pain? Pain 2010; 150:382-383. [PMID: 20546996 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Buhle
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 406 Schermerhorn Hall, 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, Mail Code 5501, USA Tel.: +1 212 854 1860; fax: +1 212 854 9648. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Muenzinger D244, 345 UCB, Boulder, Colorado, 80309-0345, USA Tel.: +1 303 492 7487; fax: +1 303 492 2967
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197
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Lamm C, Singer T. The role of anterior insular cortex in social emotions. Brain Struct Funct 2010; 214:579-91. [PMID: 20428887 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-010-0251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging investigations in the fields of social neuroscience and neuroeconomics indicate that the anterior insular cortex (AI) is consistently involved in empathy, compassion, and interpersonal phenomena such as fairness and cooperation. These findings suggest that AI plays an important role in social emotions, hereby defined as affective states that arise when we interact with other people and that depend on the social context. After we link the role of AI in social emotions to interoceptive awareness and the representation of current global emotional states, we will present a model suggesting that AI is not only involved in representing current states, but also in predicting emotional states relevant to the self and others. This model also proposes that AI enables us to learn about emotional states as well as about the uncertainty attached to events, and implies that AI plays a dominant role in decision making in complex and uncertain environments. Our review further highlights that dorsal and ventro-central, as well as anterior and posterior subdivisions of AI potentially subserve different functions and guide different aspects of behavioral regulation. We conclude with a section summarizing different routes to understanding other people's actions, feelings and thoughts, emphasizing the notion that the predominant role of AI involves understanding others' feeling and bodily states rather than their action intentions or abstract beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Lamm
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, University of Zurich, Blümlisalpstrasse 10, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.
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