151
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Przeklasa-Muszyńska A, Kocot-Kępska M, Dobrogowski J, Wiatr M, Mika J. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and its influence on analgesics effectiveness in patients suffering from migraine headache. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:714-721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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152
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Muthalib M, Besson P, Rothwell J, Perrey S. Focal Hemodynamic Responses in the Stimulated Hemisphere During High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. Neuromodulation 2017; 21:348-354. [PMID: 28714545 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) using a 4 × 1 electrode montage has been previously shown using modeling and physiological studies to constrain the electric field within the spatial extent of the electrodes. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to determine if functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging can be used to determine a hemodynamic correlate of this 4 × 1 HD-tDCS electric field on the brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a three session cross-over study design, 13 healthy males received one sham (2 mA, 30 sec) and two real (HD-tDCS-1 and HD-tDCS-2, 2 mA, 10 min) anodal HD-tDCS targeting the left M1 via a 4 × 1 electrode montage (anode on C3 and 4 return electrodes 3.5 cm from anode). The two real HD-tDCS sessions afforded a within-subject replication of the findings. fNIRS was used to measure changes in brain hemodynamics (oxygenated hemoglobin integral-O2 Hbint ) during each 10 min session from two regions of interest (ROIs) in the stimulated left hemisphere that corresponded to "within" (Lin ) and "outside" (Lout ) the spatial extent of the 4 × 1 electrode montage, and two corresponding ROIs (Rin and Rout ) in the right hemisphere. RESULTS The ANOVA showed that both real anodal HD-tDCS compared to sham induced a significantly greater O2 Hbint in the Lin than Lout ROIs of the stimulated left hemisphere; while there were no significant differences between the real and sham sessions for the right hemisphere ROIs. Intra-class correlation coefficients showed "fair-to-good" reproducibility for the left stimulated hemisphere ROIs. CONCLUSIONS The greater O2 Hbint "within" than "outside" the spatial extent of the 4 × 1 electrode montage represents a hemodynamic correlate of the electrical field distribution, and thus provides a prospective reliable method to determine the dose of stimulation that is necessary to optimize HD-tDCS parameters in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Besson
- EuroMov, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - John Rothwell
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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153
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Yang T, Banissy MJ. Enhancing anger perception in older adults by stimulating inferior frontal cortex with high frequency transcranial random noise stimulation. Neuropsychologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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154
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Kistenmacher A, Manneck S, Wardzinski EK, Martens JC, Gohla G, Melchert UH, Jauch-Chara K, Oltmanns KM. Persistent blood glucose reduction upon repeated transcranial electric stimulation in men. Brain Stimul 2017; 10:780-786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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155
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Zhao H, Qiao L, Fan D, Zhang S, Turel O, Li Y, Li J, Xue G, Chen A, He Q. Modulation of Brain Activity with Noninvasive Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): Clinical Applications and Safety Concerns. Front Psychol 2017; 8:685. [PMID: 28539894 PMCID: PMC5423956 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a widely-used tool to induce neuroplasticity and modulate cortical function by applying weak direct current over the scalp. In this review, we first introduce the underlying mechanism of action, the brief history from discovery to clinical scientific research, electrode positioning and montages, and parameter setup of tDCS. Then, we review tDCS application in clinical samples including people with drug addiction, major depression disorder, Alzheimer's disease, as well as in children. This review covers the typical characteristics and the underlying neural mechanisms of tDCS treatment in such studies. This is followed by a discussion of safety, especially when the current intensity is increased or the stimulation duration is prolonged. Given such concerns, we provide detailed suggestions regarding safety procedures for tDCS operation. Lastly, future research directions are discussed. They include foci on the development of multi-tech combination with tDCS such as with TMS and fMRI; long-term behavioral and morphological changes; possible applications in other research domains, and more animal research to deepen the understanding of the biological and physiological mechanisms of tDCS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Dongqiong Fan
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- School of Education, Guangxi UniversityNanning, China
| | - Ofir Turel
- Department of Information systems and Decision Sciences, College of Business and Economics, California State University, FullertonFullerton, CA, USA
| | - Yonghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Gui Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Antao Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal UniversityChongqing, China
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156
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Chhatbar PY, Chen R, Deardorff R, Dellenbach B, Kautz SA, George MS, Feng W. Safety and tolerability of transcranial direct current stimulation to stroke patients - A phase I current escalation study. Brain Stimul 2017; 10:553-559. [PMID: 28279641 PMCID: PMC5411981 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A prior meta-analysis revealed that higher doses of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have a better post-stroke upper-extremity motor recovery. While this finding suggests that currents greater than the typically used 2 mA may be more efficacious, the safety and tolerability of higher currents have not been assessed in stroke patients. We aim to assess the safety and tolerability of single session of up to 4 mA in stroke patients. METHODS We adapted a traditional 3 + 3 study design with a current escalation schedule of 1»2»2.5»3»3.5»4 mA for this tDCS safety study. We administered one 30-min session of bihemispheric montage tDCS and simultaneous customary occupational therapy to patients with first-ever ischemic stroke. We assessed safety with pre-defined stopping rules and investigated tolerability through a questionnaire. Additionally, we monitored body resistance and skin temperature in real-time at the electrode contact site. RESULTS Eighteen patients completed the study. The current was escalated to 4 mA without meeting the pre-defined stopping rules or causing any major safety concern. 50% of patients experienced transient skin redness without injury. No rise in temperature (range 26°C-35 °C) was noted and skin barrier function remained intact (i.e. body resistance >1 kΩ). CONCLUSION Our phase I safety study supports that single session of bihemispheric tDCS with current up to 4 mA is safe and tolerable in stroke patients. A phase II study to further test the safety and preliminary efficacy with multi-session tDCS at 4 mA (as compared with lower current and sham stimulation) is a logical next step. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02763826.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Y Chhatbar
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rachael Deardorff
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Blair Dellenbach
- Department of Health Science & Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Steven A Kautz
- Department of Health Science & Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mark S George
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Brain Stimulation Laboratory, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Wuwei Feng
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Health Science & Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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157
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Relation of visual creative imagery manipulation to resting-state brain oscillations. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 12:258-273. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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158
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Sotnikova A, Soff C, Tagliazucchi E, Becker K, Siniatchkin M. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Modulates Neuronal Networks in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Brain Topogr 2017; 30:656-672. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-017-0552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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159
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Giordano J, Bikson M, Kappenman ES, Clark VP, Coslett HB, Hamblin MR, Hamilton R, Jankord R, Kozumbo WJ, McKinley RA, Nitsche MA, Reilly JP, Richardson J, Wurzman R, Calabrese E. Mechanisms and Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. Dose Response 2017; 15:1559325816685467. [PMID: 28210202 PMCID: PMC5302097 DOI: 10.1177/1559325816685467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The US Air Force Office of Scientific Research convened a meeting of researchers in the fields of neuroscience, psychology, engineering, and medicine to discuss most pressing issues facing ongoing research in the field of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and related techniques. In this study, we present opinions prepared by participants of the meeting, focusing on the most promising areas of research, immediate and future goals for the field, and the potential for hormesis theory to inform tDCS research. Scientific, medical, and ethical considerations support the ongoing testing of tDCS in healthy and clinical populations, provided best protocols are used to maximize safety. Notwithstanding the need for ongoing research, promising applications include enhancing vigilance/attention in healthy volunteers, which can accelerate training and support learning. Commonly, tDCS is used as an adjunct to training/rehabilitation tasks with the goal of leftward shift in the learning/treatment effect curves. Although trials are encouraging, elucidating the basic mechanisms of tDCS will accelerate validation and adoption. To this end, biomarkers (eg, clinical neuroimaging and findings from animal models) can support hypotheses linking neurobiological mechanisms and behavioral effects. Dosage can be optimized using computational models of current flow and understanding dose–response. Both biomarkers and dosimetry should guide individualized interventions with the goal of reducing variability. Insights from other applied energy domains, including ionizing radiation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and low-level laser (light) therapy, can be prudently leveraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Giordano
- Department of Neurology and Biochemistry, Neuroethics Studies Program, Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily S Kappenman
- San Diego State University, Department of Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vincent P Clark
- Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - H Branch Coslett
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roy Hamilton
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Jankord
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA
| | | | - R Andrew McKinley
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Center for Working Environmental and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Jessica Richardson
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rachel Wurzman
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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160
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161
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Kim YJ. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as an Alternative Treatment in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. BRAIN & NEUROREHABILITATION 2017. [DOI: 10.12786/bn.2017.10.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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162
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Task-specificity of unilateral anodal and dual-M1 tDCS effects on motor learning. Neuropsychologia 2017; 94:84-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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163
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review aims at highlighting the additional benefit that can be gained from combining noninvasive brain stimulation as well as repetitive sensory stimulation protocols with MRI techniques to account for the intersubject variability observed in those treatments. Potentially, this should help to identify predictive patterns in the individual receptiveness to the treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Knowledge about the underlying physiological principles of excitability changes as induced by noninvasive brain stimulation or repetitive sensory stimulation is accumulating, revealing strong associations with plasticity processes at the synaptic level. In this context, MRI techniques, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy and functional MRI, emerged as valuable tools for the qualitative assessment of baseline states and induced changes. Those physiological readouts can help explain the interindividual heterogeneity found in behavioural and/or clinical responses to the specific stimulation protocols. This knowledge will eventually translate, first, into the preliminary classification of study participants into treatment groups according to their neurophysiological baseline state and expected responses to a particular stimulation. Subsequently, this should also aid the optimization of stimulation protocols according to the classification outcome, resulting in retuned protocols for particular groups of study participants. SUMMARY The consistent MRI-based monitoring of stimulation effects in the neural network promises a considerable gain for the customization of intervention protocols with improved therapeutic potential and rehabilitative predictions.
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164
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Heinrichs-Graham E, McDermott TJ, Mills MS, Coolidge NM, Wilson TW. Transcranial direct-current stimulation modulates offline visual oscillatory activity: A magnetoencephalography study. Cortex 2016; 88:19-31. [PMID: 28042984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulatory method that involves delivering low amplitude, direct current to specific regions of the brain. While a wealth of literature shows changes in behavior and cognition following tDCS administration, the underlying neuronal mechanisms remain largely unknown. Neuroimaging studies have generally used fMRI and shown only limited consensus to date, while the few electrophysiological studies have reported mostly null or counterintuitive findings. The goal of the current investigation was to quantify tDCS-induced alterations in the oscillatory dynamics of visual processing. To this end, we performed either active or sham tDCS using an occipital-frontal electrode configuration, and then recorded magnetoencephalography (MEG) offline during a visual entrainment task. Significant oscillatory responses were imaged in the time-frequency domain using beamforming, and the effects of tDCS on absolute and relative power were assessed. The results indicated significantly increased basal alpha levels in the occipital cortex following anodal tDCS, as well as reduced occipital synchronization at the second harmonic of the stimulus-flicker frequency relative to sham stimulation. In addition, we found reduced power in brain regions near the cathode (e.g., right inferior frontal gyrus [IFG]) following active tDCS, which was absent in the sham group. Taken together, these results suggest that anodal tDCS of the occipital cortices differentially modulates spontaneous and induced activity, and may interfere with the entrainment of neuronal populations by a visual-flicker stimulus. These findings also demonstrate the importance of electrode configuration on whole-brain dynamics, and highlight the deceptively complicated nature of tDCS in the context of neurophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tony W Wilson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA.
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165
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D'Urso G, Brunoni AR, Mazzaferro MP, Anastasia A, de Bartolomeis A, Mantovani A. Transcranial direct current stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized, controlled, partial crossover trial. Depress Anxiety 2016; 33:1132-1140. [PMID: 27802585 DOI: 10.1002/da.22578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) hyperactivity has been detected in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. However, it is not understood whether this is a putative primary cause or a compensatory mechanism in OCD pathophysiology. Considering the polarity-dependent effects on cortical excitability of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), we applied cathodal and/or anodal tDCS to the pre-SMA of OCD patients to test which current polarity might better improve symptoms. METHODS Twelve OCD patients received initially 10 anodal (n = 6) or cathodal (n = 6) daily consecutive 2 mA/20 min tDCS sessions with the active electrode placed bilaterally on the pre-SMA. In case of improvement or no change in symptoms severity, the subjects were maintained on the same current polarity for 10 more sessions. In case of symptoms worsening after the first 10 sessions they were switched to the other polarity for 10 more sessions to test the hypothesis of a polarity-dependent effect. Therefore, each subject received 20 tDCS sessions. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) were administered biweekly to assess changes in symptoms severity. RESULTS After 10 sessions, 50% of patients who initially received anodal stimulation were switched to cathodal, while 100% of patients initially assigned to cathodal stimulation continued on the same polarity. At the end of the study, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the mean Y-BOCS scores of those patients who underwent cathodal tDCS. No pre-post difference was found in the scores of patients following anodal tDCS. CONCLUSIONS Cathodal but not anodal tDCS over the pre-SMA significantly improved OCD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano D'Urso
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Anesthesiology and Pharmacoutilization, University Hospital of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andre R Brunoni
- Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation (CINA), University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN), Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Pia Mazzaferro
- Residency Program in Psychiatry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Anastasia
- Residency Program in Psychiatry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Mantovani
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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166
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Sood M, Besson P, Muthalib M, Jindal U, Perrey S, Dutta A, Hayashibe M. NIRS-EEG joint imaging during transcranial direct current stimulation: Online parameter estimation with an autoregressive model. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 274:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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167
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Rosen DS, Erickson B, Kim YE, Mirman D, Hamilton RH, Kounios J. Anodal tDCS to Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Facilitates Performance for Novice Jazz Improvisers but Hinders Experts. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:579. [PMID: 27899889 PMCID: PMC5110534 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on creative cognition reveals a fundamental disagreement about the nature of creative thought, specifically, whether it is primarily based on automatic, associative (Type-1) or executive, controlled (Type-2) processes. We hypothesized that Type-1 and Type-2 processes make differential contributions to creative production that depend on domain expertise. We tested this hypothesis with jazz pianists whose expertise was indexed by the number of public performances given. Previous fMRI studies of musical improvisation have reported that domain expertise is characterized by deactivation of the right-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (r-DLPFC), a brain area associated with Type-2 executive processing. We used anodal, cathodal, and sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied over r-DLPFC with the reference electrode on the contralateral mastoid (1.5 mA for 15 min, except for sham) to modulate the quality of the pianists' performances while they improvised over chords with drum and bass accompaniment. Jazz experts rated each improvisation for creativity, esthetic appeal, and technical proficiency. There was no main effect of anodal or cathodal stimulation on ratings compared to sham; however, a significant interaction between anodal tDCS and expertise emerged such that stimulation benefitted musicians with less experience but hindered those with more experience. We interpret these results as evidence for a dual-process model of creativity in which novices and experts differentially engage Type-1 and Type-2 processes during creative production.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Rosen
- Creativity Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Drexel University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Erickson
- Creativity Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Drexel University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Youngmoo E Kim
- Music and Entertainment Technology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Mirman
- Language and Cognitive Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Roy H Hamilton
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Kounios
- Creativity Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Drexel University Philadelphia, PA, USA
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168
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In-vivo Imaging of Magnetic Fields Induced by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Human Brain using MRI. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34385. [PMID: 27698358 PMCID: PMC5048181 DOI: 10.1038/srep34385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation technique that applies mA currents at the scalp to modulate cortical excitability. Here, we present a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, which detects magnetic fields induced by tDCS currents. This technique is based on Ampere's law and exploits the linear relationship between direct current and induced magnetic fields. Following validation on a phantom with a known path of electric current and induced magnetic field, the proposed MRI technique was applied to a human limb (to demonstrate in-vivo feasibility using simple biological tissue) and human heads (to demonstrate feasibility in standard tDCS applications). The results show that the proposed technique detects tDCS induced magnetic fields as small as a nanotesla at millimeter spatial resolution. Through measurements of magnetic fields linearly proportional to the applied tDCS current, our approach opens a new avenue for direct in-vivo visualization of tDCS target engagement.
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169
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Dagar S, Chowdhury SR, Bapi RS, Dutta A, Roy D. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy - Electroencephalography-Based Brain-State-Dependent Electrotherapy: A Computational Approach Based on Excitation-Inhibition Balance Hypothesis. Front Neurol 2016; 7:123. [PMID: 27551273 PMCID: PMC4976097 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of severe chronic disability and the second cause of death worldwide with 15 million new cases and 50 million stroke survivors. The poststroke chronic disability may be ameliorated with early neuro rehabilitation where non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques can be used as an adjuvant treatment to hasten the effects. However, the heterogeneity in the lesioned brain will require individualized NIBS intervention where innovative neuroimaging technologies of portable electroencephalography (EEG) and functional-near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can be leveraged for Brain State Dependent Electrotherapy (BSDE). In this hypothesis and theory article, we propose a computational approach based on excitation–inhibition (E–I) balance hypothesis to objectively quantify the poststroke individual brain state using online fNIRS–EEG joint imaging. One of the key events that occurs following Stroke is the imbalance in local E–I (that is the ratio of Glutamate/GABA), which may be targeted with NIBS using a computational pipeline that includes individual “forward models” to predict current flow patterns through the lesioned brain or brain target region. The current flow will polarize the neurons, which can be captured with E–I-based brain models. Furthermore, E–I balance hypothesis can be used to find the consequences of cellular polarization on neuronal information processing, which can then be implicated in changes in function. We first review the evidence that shows how this local imbalance between E–I leading to functional dysfunction can be restored in targeted sites with NIBS (motor cortex and somatosensory cortex) resulting in large-scale plastic reorganization over the cortex, and probably facilitating recovery of functions. Second, we show evidence how BSDE based on E–I balance hypothesis may target a specific brain site or network as an adjuvant treatment. Hence, computational neural mass model-based integration of neurostimulation with online neuroimaging systems may provide less ambiguous, robust optimization of NIBS, and its application in neurological conditions and disorders across individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Dagar
- Cognitive Science Lab, International Institute of Information Technology , Hyderabad , India
| | - Shubhajit Roy Chowdhury
- School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology , Mandi , India
| | - Raju Surampudi Bapi
- Cognitive Science Lab, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India; School of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Dipanjan Roy
- Centre of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad , Allahabad , India
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170
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Guhathakurta D, Dutta A. Computational Pipeline for NIRS-EEG Joint Imaging of tDCS-Evoked Cerebral Responses-An Application in Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:261. [PMID: 27378836 PMCID: PMC4913108 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates cortical neural activity and hemodynamics. Electrophysiological methods (electroencephalography-EEG) measure neural activity while optical methods (near-infrared spectroscopy-NIRS) measure hemodynamics coupled through neurovascular coupling (NVC). Assessment of NVC requires development of NIRS-EEG joint-imaging sensor montages that are sensitive to the tDCS affected brain areas. In this methods paper, we present a software pipeline incorporating freely available software tools that can be used to target vascular territories with tDCS and develop a NIRS-EEG probe for joint imaging of tDCS-evoked responses. We apply this software pipeline to target primarily the outer convexity of the brain territory (superficial divisions) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). We then present a computational method based on Empirical Mode Decomposition of NIRS and EEG time series into a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), and then perform a cross-correlation analysis on those IMFs from NIRS and EEG signals to model NVC at the lesional and contralesional hemispheres of an ischemic stroke patient. For the contralesional hemisphere, a strong positive correlation between IMFs of regional cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation and the log-transformed mean-power time-series of IMFs for EEG with a lag of about -15 s was found after a cumulative 550 s stimulation of anodal tDCS. It is postulated that system identification, for example using a continuous-time autoregressive model, of this coupling relation under tDCS perturbation may provide spatiotemporal discriminatory features for the identification of ischemia. Furthermore, portable NIRS-EEG joint imaging can be incorporated into brain computer interfaces to monitor tDCS-facilitated neurointervention as well as cortical reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors Dortmund, Germany
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171
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Hill AT, Rogasch NC, Fitzgerald PB, Hoy KE. TMS-EEG: A window into the neurophysiological effects of transcranial electrical stimulation in non-motor brain regions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 64:175-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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172
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Age-related deficits in voluntary control over saccadic eye movements: consideration of electrical brain stimulation as a therapeutic strategy. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 41:53-63. [PMID: 27103518 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sudden changes in our visual environment trigger reflexive eye movements, so automatically they often go unnoticed. Consequently, voluntary control over reflexive eye movements entails considerable effort. In relation to frontal-lobe deterioration, adult aging adversely impacts voluntary saccadic eye movement control in particular, which compromises effective performance of daily activities. Here, we review the nature of age-related changes in saccadic control, focusing primarily on the antisaccade task because of its assessment of 2 key age-sensitive control functions: reflexive saccade inhibition and voluntary saccade generation. With an ultimate view toward facilitating development of therapeutic strategies, we systematically review the neuroanatomy underpinning voluntary control over saccadic eye movements and natural mechanisms that kick in to compensate for age-related declines. We then explore the potential of noninvasive electrical brain stimulation to counteract aging deficits. Based on evidence that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation can confer a range of benefits specifically relevant to aging brains, we put forward this neuromodulation technique as a therapeutic strategy for improving voluntary saccadic eye movement control in older adults.
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173
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Nienow TM, MacDonald AW, Lim KO. TDCS produces incremental gain when combined with working memory training in patients with schizophrenia: A proof of concept pilot study. Schizophr Res 2016; 172:218-9. [PMID: 26852404 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tasha M Nienow
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 1 Veterans Drive, 116A, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, F282/2A West, 2450 Riverside Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Angus W MacDonald
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 1 Veterans Drive, 116A, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, F282/2A West, 2450 Riverside Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, 75 E. River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Kelvin O Lim
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 1 Veterans Drive, 116A, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, F282/2A West, 2450 Riverside Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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174
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Kang N, Summers JJ, Cauraugh JH. Transcranial direct current stimulation facilitates motor learning post-stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87:345-55. [PMID: 26319437 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-311242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an attractive protocol for stroke motor recovery. The current systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of tDCS on motor learning post-stroke. Specifically, we determined long-term learning effects by examining motor improvements from baseline to at least 5 days after tDCS intervention and motor practise. 17 studies reported long-term retention testing (mean retention interval=43.8 days; SD=56.6 days) and qualified for inclusion in our meta-analysis. Assessing primary outcome measures for groups that received tDCS and motor practise versus sham control groups created 21 valid comparisons: (1) 16 clinical assessments and (2) 5 motor skill acquisition tests. A random effects model meta-analysis showed a significant overall effect size=0.59 (p<0.0001; low heterogeneity, T(2)=0.04; I(2)=22.75%; and high classic fail-safe N=240). 4 moderator variable analyses revealed beneficial effects of tDCS on long-term motor learning: (1) stimulation protocols: anodal on the ipsilesional hemisphere, cathodal on the contralesional hemisphere, or bilateral; (2) recovery stage: subacute or chronic stroke; (3) stimulation timing: tDCS before or during motor practise; and (4) task-specific training or conventional rehabilitation protocols. This robust meta-analysis identified novel long-term motor learning effects with tDCS and motor practise post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyeonju Kang
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jeffery J Summers
- Human Motor Control Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - James H Cauraugh
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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175
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Baeken C, Brunelin J, Duprat R, Vanderhasselt MA. The application of tDCS in psychiatric disorders: a brain imaging view. SOCIOAFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE & PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 6:29588. [PMID: 26993785 PMCID: PMC4799388 DOI: 10.3402/snp.v6.29588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive, non-convulsive technique for modulating brain function. In contrast to other non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, where costs, clinical applicability, and availability limit their large-scale use in clinical practices, the low-cost, portable, and easy-to-use tDCS devices may overcome these restrictions. Objective Despite numerous clinical applications in large numbers of patients suffering from psychiatric disorders, it is not quite clear how tDCS influences the mentally affected human brain. In order to decipher potential neural mechanisms of action of tDCS in patients with psychiatric conditions, we focused on the combination of tDCS with neuroimaging techniques. Design We propose a contemporary overview on the currently available neurophysiological and neuroimaging data where tDCS has been used as a research or treatment tool in patients with psychiatric disorders. Results Over a reasonably short period of time, tDCS has been broadly used as a research tool to examine neuronal processes in the healthy brain. tDCS has also commonly been applied as a treatment application in a variety of mental disorders, with to date no straightforward clinical outcome and not always accompanied by brain imaging techniques. Conclusion tDCS, as do other neuromodulation devices, clearly affects the underlying neuronal processes. However, research on these mechanisms in psychiatric patients is rather limited. A better comprehension of how tDCS modulates brain function will help us to define optimal parameters of stimulation in each indication and may result in the detection of biomarkers in favor of clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium.,Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Jerome Brunelin
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, PSYR2 Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,CIRRIS-Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et en Intégration Sociale, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Romain Duprat
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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176
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Callan DE, Falcone B, Wada A, Parasuraman R. Simultaneous tDCS-fMRI Identifies Resting State Networks Correlated with Visual Search Enhancement. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:72. [PMID: 27014014 PMCID: PMC4779888 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study uses simultaneous transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate tDCS modulation of resting state activity and connectivity that underlies enhancement in behavioral performance. The experiment consisted of three sessions within the fMRI scanner in which participants conducted a visual search task: Session 1: Pre-training (no performance feedback), Session 2: Training (performance feedback given), Session 3: Post-training (no performance feedback). Resting state activity was recorded during the last 5 min of each session. During the 2nd session one group of participants underwent 1 mA tDCS stimulation and another underwent sham stimulation over the right posterior parietal cortex. Resting state spontaneous activity, as measured by fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF), for session 2 showed significant differences between the tDCS stim and sham groups in the precuneus. Resting state functional connectivity from the precuneus to the substantia nigra, a subcortical dopaminergic region, was found to correlate with future improvement in visual search task performance for the stim over the sham group during active stimulation in session 2. The after-effect of stimulation on resting state functional connectivity was measured following a post-training experimental session (session 3). The left cerebellum Lobule VIIa Crus I showed performance related enhancement in resting state functional connectivity for the tDCS stim over the sham group. The ability to determine the relationship that the relative strength of resting state functional connectivity for an individual undergoing tDCS has on future enhancement in behavioral performance has wide ranging implications for neuroergonomic as well as therapeutic, and rehabilitative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Callan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan; Multisensory Cognition and Computation Laboratory, Universal Communication Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications TechnologyKyoto, Japan
| | - Brian Falcone
- Center of Excellence in Neuroergonomics, Technology, and Cognition (CENTEC), George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Atsushi Wada
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan; Multisensory Cognition and Computation Laboratory, Universal Communication Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications TechnologyKyoto, Japan
| | - Raja Parasuraman
- Center of Excellence in Neuroergonomics, Technology, and Cognition (CENTEC), George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA
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177
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Lewald J. Modulation of human auditory spatial scene analysis by transcranial direct current stimulation. Neuropsychologia 2016; 84:282-93. [PMID: 26825012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Localizing and selectively attending to the source of a sound of interest in a complex auditory environment is an important capacity of the human auditory system. The underlying neural mechanisms have, however, still not been clarified in detail. This issue was addressed by using bilateral bipolar-balanced transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in combination with a task demanding free-field sound localization in the presence of multiple sound sources, thus providing a realistic simulation of the so-called "cocktail-party" situation. With left-anode/right-cathode, but not with right-anode/left-cathode, montage of bilateral electrodes, tDCS over superior temporal gyrus, including planum temporale and auditory cortices, was found to improve the accuracy of target localization in left hemispace. No effects were found for tDCS over inferior parietal lobule or with off-target active stimulation over somatosensory-motor cortex that was used to control for non-specific effects. Also, the absolute error in localization remained unaffected by tDCS, thus suggesting that general response precision was not modulated by brain polarization. This finding can be explained in the framework of a model assuming that brain polarization modulated the suppression of irrelevant sound sources, thus resulting in more effective spatial separation of the target from the interfering sound in the complex auditory scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Lewald
- Auditory Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Cognitive Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany; Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystraße 67, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany.
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178
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D'Urso G, Brunoni AR, Anastasia A, Micillo M, de Bartolomeis A, Mantovani A. Polarity-dependent effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neurocase 2016; 22:60-4. [PMID: 25971992 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2015.1045522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
About one third of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) fail to experience significant clinical benefit from currently available treatments. Hyperactivity of the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) has been detected in OCD patients, but it is not clear whether it is the primary cause or a secondary compensatory mechanism in OCD pathophysiology. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique with polarity-dependent effects on motor cortical excitability. A 33-year-old woman with treatment-resistant OCD received 20 daily consecutive 2 mA/20 min tDCS sessions with the active electrode placed on the pre-SMA, according to the 10-20 EEG system, and the reference electrode on the right deltoid. The first 10 sessions were anodal, while the last 10 were cathodal. Symptoms severity was assessed using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) severity score. In the end of anodal stimulation, OCD symptoms had worsened. Subsequent cathodal stimulation induced a dramatic clinical improvement, which led to an overall 30% reduction in baseline symptoms severity score on the Y-BOCS. Our study supports the hypothesis that pre-SMA hyperfunction might be responsible for OCD symptoms and shows that cathodal inhibitory tDCS over this area might be an option when dealing with treatment-resistant OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano D'Urso
- a Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Anesthesiology and Pharmachoutilization , University Hospital of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Andre Russowsky Brunoni
- b Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation (CINA) , University Hospital, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,c Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN), Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Annalisa Anastasia
- d Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Marco Micillo
- d Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- d Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Antonio Mantovani
- e Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education , City University of New York , New York , NY , USA.,f Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York , NY , USA
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179
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Summers JJ, Kang N, Cauraugh JH. Does transcranial direct current stimulation enhance cognitive and motor functions in the ageing brain? A systematic review and meta- analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 25:42-54. [PMID: 26607412 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to enhance cognitive and motor functions has enjoyed a massive increase in popularity. Modifying neuroplasticity via non-invasive cortical stimulation has enormous potential to slow or even reverse declines in functions associated with ageing. The current meta-analysis evaluated the effects of tDCS on cognitive and motor performance in healthy older adults. Of the 81 studies identified, 25 qualified for inclusion. A random effects model meta-analysis revealed a significant overall standardized mean difference equal to 0.53 (SE=0.09; medium heterogeneity: I(2)=57.08%; and high fail-safe: N=448). Five analyses on moderator variables indicated significant tDCS beneficial effects: (a) on both cognitive and motor task performances, (b) across a wide-range of cognitive tasks, (c) on specific brain areas, (d) stimulation offline (before) or online (during) the cognitive and motor tasks. Although the meta-analysis revealed robust support for enhancing both cognitive and motor performance, we outline a number of caveats on the use of tDCS.
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180
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Sandars M, Cloutman L, Woollams AM. Taking Sides: An Integrative Review of the Impact of Laterality and Polarity on Efficacy of Therapeutic Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Anomia in Chronic Poststroke Aphasia. Neural Plast 2015; 2016:8428256. [PMID: 26819777 PMCID: PMC4706968 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8428256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anomia is a frequent and persistent symptom of poststroke aphasia, resulting from damage to areas of the brain involved in language production. Cortical neuroplasticity plays a significant role in language recovery following stroke and can be facilitated by behavioral speech and language therapy. Recent research suggests that complementing therapy with neurostimulation techniques may enhance functional gains, even amongst those with chronic aphasia. The current review focuses on the use of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) as an adjunct to naming therapy for individuals with chronic poststroke aphasia. Our survey of the literature indicates that combining therapy with anodal (excitatory) stimulation to the left hemisphere and/or cathodal (inhibitory) stimulation to the right hemisphere can increase both naming accuracy and speed when compared to the effects of therapy alone. However, the benefits of tDCS as a complement to therapy have not been yet systematically investigated with respect to site and polarity of stimulation. Recommendations for future research to help determine optimal protocols for combined therapy and tDCS are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Sandars
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, School of Psychological Sciences, 3rd Floor, Zochonis Building, University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lauren Cloutman
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, School of Psychological Sciences, 3rd Floor, Zochonis Building, University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Anna M. Woollams
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, School of Psychological Sciences, 3rd Floor, Zochonis Building, University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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181
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Blumberger DM, Hsu JH, Daskalakis ZJ. A Review of Brain Stimulation Treatments for Late-Life Depression. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN PSYCHIATRY 2015; 2:413-421. [PMID: 27398288 PMCID: PMC4938011 DOI: 10.1007/s40501-015-0059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Opinion Statement Recurrence, relapse and resistance to first-line therapies are common and pervasive issues in the treatment of depression in older adults. As a result, brain stimulation modalities are essential treatment options in this population. The majority of data for the effectiveness of brain stimulation modalities comes from electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) studies. Current ECT trials are focused on prolonging response after a successful course and mitigating the cognitive adverse effects. Newer forms of brain stimulation have emerged; unfortunately, as with most advances in medicine older adults have not been systematically included in clinical trials. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has demonstrated efficacy in younger adults and there is emerging data to support its use in late-life depression (LLD). It will be imperative that older adults be included in future transcranial direct current stimulation and magnetic seizure therapy clinical trials. Unclear efficacy results are a concern for both vagus nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Blumberger
- Temerty Centre for Therapuetic Brain Intervention and Campbell Family Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen St. W., Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan H. Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zafiris J. Daskalakis
- Temerty Centre for Therapuetic Brain Intervention and Campbell Family Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen St. W., Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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182
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Woods AJ, Antal A, Bikson M, Boggio PS, Brunoni AR, Celnik P, Cohen LG, Fregni F, Herrmann CS, Kappenman ES, Knotkova H, Liebetanz D, Miniussi C, Miranda PC, Paulus W, Priori A, Reato D, Stagg C, Wenderoth N, Nitsche MA. A technical guide to tDCS, and related non-invasive brain stimulation tools. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 127:1031-1048. [PMID: 26652115 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 825] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), including transcranial direct and alternating current stimulation (tDCS, tACS) are non-invasive brain stimulation techniques increasingly used for modulation of central nervous system excitability in humans. Here we address methodological issues required for tES application. This review covers technical aspects of tES, as well as applications like exploration of brain physiology, modelling approaches, tES in cognitive neurosciences, and interventional approaches. It aims to help the reader to appropriately design and conduct studies involving these brain stimulation techniques, understand limitations and avoid shortcomings, which might hamper the scientific rigor and potential applications in the clinical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Institute on Aging, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - A Antal
- University Medical Center, Dept. Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - M Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, USA
| | - P S Boggio
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Health and Biological Science, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A R Brunoni
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Celnik
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L G Cohen
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - F Fregni
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Center for Clinical Research Learning, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard University, USA
| | - C S Herrmann
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Center of excellence Hearing4all, Department for Psychology, Faculty for Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Ammerländer Heerstr, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - E S Kappenman
- Center for Mind & Brain and Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - H Knotkova
- MJHS Institute for Innovation in Palliative Care, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Liebetanz
- University Medical Center, Dept. Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - C Miniussi
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia & Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - P C Miranda
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering (IBEB), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - W Paulus
- University Medical Center, Dept. Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - A Priori
- Direttore Clinica Neurologica III, Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale San Paolo, Milan, Italy
| | - D Reato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, USA
| | - C Stagg
- Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB) Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity (OHBA), Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N Wenderoth
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Dept. Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M A Nitsche
- University Medical Center, Dept. Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany; Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
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183
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Kar K. Commentary: On the possible role of stimulation duration for after-effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:148. [PMID: 26578905 PMCID: PMC4625053 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kohitij Kar
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University - Newark Newark, NJ, USA
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184
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Dutta A. Bidirectional interactions between neuronal and hemodynamic responses to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): challenges for brain-state dependent tDCS. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:107. [PMID: 26321925 PMCID: PMC4530593 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to modulate cortical neural activity. During neural activity, the electric currents from excitable membranes of brain tissue superimpose in the extracellular medium and generate a potential at scalp, which is referred as the electroencephalogram (EEG). Respective neural activity (energy demand) has been shown to be closely related, spatially and temporally, to cerebral blood flow (CBF) that supplies glucose (energy supply) via neurovascular coupling. The hemodynamic response can be captured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which enables continuous monitoring of cerebral oxygenation and blood volume. This neurovascular coupling phenomenon led to the concept of neurovascular unit (NVU) that consists of the endothelium, glia, neurons, pericytes, and the basal lamina. Here, recent works suggest NVU as an integrated system working in concert using feedback mechanisms to enable proper brain homeostasis and function where the challenge remains in capturing these mostly nonlinear spatiotemporal interactions within NVU for brain-state dependent tDCS. In principal accordance, we propose EEG-NIRS-based whole-head monitoring of tDCS-induced neuronal and hemodynamic alterations during tDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Dutta
- INRIA (Sophia Antipolis) - CNRS: UMR5506 - Université Montpellier Montpellier, France ; Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), CNRS: UMR5506 - Université Montpellier Montpellier, France
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185
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Abstract
The roles of the motor cortex in the acquisition and performance of skilled finger movements have been extensively investigated over decades. Yet it is still not known whether these roles of motor cortex are expertise-dependent. The present study addresses this issue by comparing the effects of noninvasive transcranial direction current stimulation (tDCS) on the fine control of sequential finger movements in highly trained pianists and musically untrained individuals. Thirteen pianists and 13 untrained controls performed timed-sequence finger movements with each of the right and left hands before and after receiving bilateral tDCS over the primary motor cortices. The results demonstrate an improvement of fine motor control in both hands in musically untrained controls, but deterioration in pianists following anodal tDCS over the contralateral cortex and cathodal tDCS over the ipsilateral cortex compared with the sham stimulation. However, this change in motor performance was not evident after stimulating with the opposite montage. These findings support the notion that changes in dexterous finger movements induced by bihemispheric tDCS are expertise-dependent.
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186
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Wang Y, Hao Y, Zhou J, Fried PJ, Wang X, Zhang J, Fang J, Pascual-Leone A, Manor B. Direct current stimulation over the human sensorimotor cortex modulates the brain's hemodynamic response to tactile stimulation. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:1933-40. [PMID: 25989209 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tactile stimuli produce afferent signals that activate specific regions of the cerebral cortex. Noninvasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effectively modulates cortical excitability. We therefore hypothesised that a single session of tDCS targeting the sensory cortices would alter the cortical response to tactile stimuli. This hypothesis was tested with a block-design functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol designed to quantify the blood oxygen level-dependent response to controlled sinusoidal pressure stimulation applied to the right foot sole, as compared with rest, in 16 healthy young adults. Following sham tDCS, right foot sole stimulation was associated with activation bilaterally within the precentral cortex, postcentral cortex, middle and superior frontal gyri, temporal lobe (subgyral) and cingulate gyrus. Activation was also observed in the left insula, middle temporal lobe, superior parietal lobule, supramarginal gyrus and thalamus, as well as the right inferior parietal lobule and claustrum (false discovery rate corrected, P < 0.05). To explore the regional effects of tDCS, brain regions related to somatosensory processing, and cortical areas underneath each tDCS electrode, were chosen as regions of interest. Real tDCS, as compared with sham tDCS, increased the percent signal change associated with foot stimulation relative to rest in the left posterior paracentral lobule. These results indicate that tDCS acutely modulated the cortical responsiveness to controlled foot pressure stimuli in healthy adults. Further study is warranted, in both healthy individuals and patients with sensory impairments, to link tDCS-induced modulation of the cortical response to tactile stimuli with changes in somatosensory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Center for BioMed-X Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ying Hao
- Center for BioMed-X Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Center for BioMed-X Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peter J Fried
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Center for BioMed-X Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China.,Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Center for BioMed-X Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China.,College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Center for BioMed-X Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China.,College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brad Manor
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
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187
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Scholkmann F. Two emerging topics regarding long-range physical signaling in neurosystems: Membrane nanotubes and electromagnetic fields. J Integr Neurosci 2015; 14:135-53. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219635215300115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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188
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Roy A, Baxter B, He B. High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation induces both acute and persistent changes in broadband cortical synchronization: a simultaneous tDCS-EEG study. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2015; 61:1967-78. [PMID: 24956615 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2014.2311071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop methods for simultaneously acquiring electrophysiological data during high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) using high-resolution electroencephalography (EEG). Previous studies have pointed to the after-effects of tDCS on both motor and cognitive performance, and there appears to be potential for using tDCS in a variety of clinical applications. However, little is known about the real-time effects of tDCS on rhythmic cortical activity in humans due to the technical challenges of simultaneously obtaining electrophysiological data during ongoing stimulation. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of tDCS in humans are not well understood. We have conducted a simultaneous tDCS-EEG study in a group of healthy human subjects. Significant acute and persistent changes in spontaneous neural activity and event-related synchronization (ERS) were observed during and after the application of high-definition tDCS over the left sensorimotor cortex. Both anodal and cathodal stimulation resulted in acute global changes in broadband cortical activity which were significantly different than the changes observed in response to sham stimulation. For the group of eight subjects studied, broadband individual changes in spontaneous activity during stimulation were apparent both locally and globally. In addition, we found that high-definition tDCS of the left sensorimotor cortex can induce significant ipsilateral and contralateral changes in event-related desynchronization and ERS during motor imagination following the end of the stimulation period. Overall, our results demonstrate the feasibility of acquiring high-resolution EEG during high-definition tDCS and provide evidence that tDCS in humans directly modulates rhythmic cortical synchronization during and after its administration.
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189
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Enhancing verbal creativity: Modulating creativity by altering the balance between right and left inferior frontal gyrus with tDCS. Neuroscience 2015; 291:167-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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190
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Pulgar VM. Direct electric stimulation to increase cerebrovascular function. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:54. [PMID: 25870543 PMCID: PMC4378276 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Pulgar
- Biomedical Research and Infrastructure Center, Faculty of Natural and Physical Sciences, Winston-Salem State University Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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191
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Minarik T, Sauseng P, Dunne L, Berger B, Sterr A. Effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on visually guided learning of grip force control. BIOLOGY 2015; 4:173-86. [PMID: 25738809 PMCID: PMC4381224 DOI: 10.3390/biology4010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Anodal transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to be an effective non-invasive brain stimulation method for improving cognitive and motor functioning in patients with neurological deficits. tDCS over motor cortex (M1), for instance, facilitates motor learning in stroke patients. However, the literature on anodal tDCS effects on motor learning in healthy participants is inconclusive, and the effects of tDCS on visuo-motor integration are not well understood. In the present study we examined whether tDCS over the contralateral motor cortex enhances learning of grip-force output in a visually guided feedback task in young and neurologically healthy volunteers. Twenty minutes of 1 mA anodal tDCS were applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the dominant (right) hand, during the first half of a 40 min power-grip task. This task required the control of a visual signal by modulating the strength of the power-grip for six seconds per trial. Each participant completed a two-session sham-controlled crossover protocol. The stimulation conditions were counterbalanced across participants and the sessions were one week apart. Performance measures comprised time-on-target and target-deviation, and were calculated for the periods of stimulation (or sham) and during the afterphase respectively. Statistical analyses revealed significant performance improvements over the stimulation and the afterphase, but this learning effect was not modulated by tDCS condition. This suggests that the form of visuomotor learning taking place in the present task was not sensitive to neurostimulation. These null effects, together with similar reports for other types of motor tasks, lead to the proposition that tDCS facilitation of motor learning might be restricted to cases or situations where the motor system is challenged, such as motor deficits, advanced age, or very high task demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Minarik
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Leopoldstr. 13, Munich 80802, Germany.
| | - Paul Sauseng
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Leopoldstr. 13, Munich 80802, Germany.
| | - Lewis Dunne
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Barbara Berger
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Leopoldstr. 13, Munich 80802, Germany.
| | - Annette Sterr
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
- Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246903, Brazil.
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192
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Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on naming and cortical excitability in stroke patients with aphasia. Neurosci Lett 2015; 589:115-20. [PMID: 25603474 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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193
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Jindal U, Sood M, Dutta A, Chowdhury SR. Development of Point of Care Testing Device for Neurovascular Coupling From Simultaneous Recording of EEG and NIRS During Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2015; 3:2000112. [PMID: 27170897 PMCID: PMC4848058 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2015.2389230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a point of care testing device for neurovascular coupling (NVC) from simultaneous recording of electroencephalogram (EEG) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Here, anodal tDCS modulated cortical neural activity leading to hemodynamic response can be used to identify the impaired cerebral microvessels functionality. The impairments in the cerebral microvessels functionality may lead to impairments in the cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), where severely reduced CVR predicts the chances of transient ischemic attack and ipsilateral stroke. The neural and hemodynamic responses to anodal tDCS were studied through joint imaging with EEG and NIRS, where NIRS provided optical measurement of changes in tissue oxy-([Formula: see text] and deoxy-([Formula: see text]) hemoglobin concentration and EEG captured alterations in the underlying neuronal current generators. Then, a cross-correlation method for the assessment of NVC underlying the site of anodal tDCS is presented. The feasibility studies on healthy subjects and stroke survivors showed detectable changes in the EEG and the NIRS responses to a 0.526 A/[Formula: see text] of anodal tDCS. The NIRS system was bench tested on 15 healthy subjects that showed a statistically significant (p < 0.01) difference in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) between the ON- and OFF-states of anodal tDCS where the mean SNR of the NIRS device was found to be 42.33 ± 1.33 dB in the ON-state and 40.67 ± 1.23 dB in the OFF-state. Moreover, the clinical study conducted on 14 stroke survivors revealed that the lesioned hemisphere with impaired circulation showed significantly (p < 0.01) less change in [Formula: see text] than the nonlesioned side in response to anodal tDCS. The EEG study on healthy subjects showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease around individual alpha frequency in the alpha band (8-13 Hz) following anodal tDCS. Moreover, the joint EEG-NIRS imaging on 4 stroke survivors showed an immediate increase in the theta band (4-8 Hz) EEG activity after the start of anodal tDCS at the nonlesioned hemisphere. Furthermore, cross-correlation function revealed a significant (95% confidence interval) negative cross correlation only at the nonlesioned hemisphere during anodal tDCS, where the log-transformed mean-power of EEG within 0.5-11.25 Hz lagged [Formula: see text] response in one of the stroke survivors with white matter lesions. Therefore, it was concluded that the anodal tDCS can perturb the local neural and the vascular activity (via NVC) which can be used for assessing regional NVC functionality where confirmatory clinical studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Jindal
- Centre for VLSI and Embedded Systems TechnologyInternational Institute of Information Technology HyderabadHyderabad500032India
| | - Mehak Sood
- Centre for VLSI and Embedded Systems TechnologyInternational Institute of Information Technology HyderabadHyderabad500032India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatiqueMontpellier34095France
| | - Shubhajit Roy Chowdhury
- Centre for VLSI and Embedded Systems TechnologyInternational Institute of Information Technology HyderabadHyderabad500032India
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194
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Cosmo C, Ferreira C, Miranda JGV, do Rosário RS, Baptista AF, Montoya P, de Sena EP. Spreading Effect of tDCS in Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as Shown by Functional Cortical Networks: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:111. [PMID: 26300790 PMCID: PMC4524049 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is known to modulate spontaneous neural network excitability. The cognitive improvement observed in previous trials raises the potential of this technique as a possible therapeutic tool for use in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) population. However, to explore the potential of this technique as a treatment approach, the functional parameters of brain connectivity and the extent of its effects need to be more fully investigated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate a functional cortical network (FCN) model based on electroencephalographic activity for studying the dynamic patterns of brain connectivity modulated by tDCS and the distribution of its effects in individuals with ADHD. METHODS Sixty ADHD patients participated in a parallel, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Individuals underwent a single session of sham or anodal tDCS at 1 mA of current intensity over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for 20 min. The acute effects of stimulation on brain connectivity were assessed using the FCN model based on electroencephalography activity. RESULTS Comparing the weighted node degree within groups prior to and following the intervention, a statistically significant difference was found in the electrodes located on the target and correlated areas in the active group (p < 0.05), while no statistically significant results were found in the sham group (p ≥ 0.05; paired-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test). CONCLUSION Anodal tDCS increased functional brain connectivity in individuals with ADHD compared to data recorded in the baseline resting state. In addition, although some studies have suggested that the effects of tDCS are selective, the present findings show that its modulatory activity spreads. Further studies need to be performed to investigate the dynamic patterns and physiological mechanisms underlying the modulatory effects of tDCS. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01968512.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cosmo
- Postgraduate Program, Interactive Process of Organs and Systems, Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Brazil ; Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA ; Bahia State Department of Health (SESAB) , Salvador , Brazil ; Functional Electrostimulation Laboratory, Biomorphology Department, Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Brazil
| | - Cândida Ferreira
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Brazil
| | | | | | - Abrahão Fontes Baptista
- Functional Electrostimulation Laboratory, Biomorphology Department, Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Brazil ; Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Human Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Brazil
| | - Pedro Montoya
- Research Institute in Health Sciences (IUNICS-IdisPa), University of the Balearic Islands , Palma , Spain
| | - Eduardo Pondé de Sena
- Postgraduate Program, Interactive Process of Organs and Systems, Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Brazil
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195
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Tremblay S, Beaulé V, Proulx S, Lafleur LP, Doyon J, Marjańska M, Théoret H. The use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a tool for the measurement of bi-hemispheric transcranial electric stimulation effects on primary motor cortex metabolism. J Vis Exp 2014:e51631. [PMID: 25490453 DOI: 10.3791/51631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation technique that has been increasingly used over the past decade in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders such as stroke and depression. Yet, the mechanisms underlying its ability to modulate brain excitability to improve clinical symptoms remains poorly understood. To help improve this understanding, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) can be used as it allows the in vivo quantification of brain metabolites such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate in a region-specific manner. In fact, a recent study demonstrated that (1)H-MRS is indeed a powerful means to better understand the effects of tDCS on neurotransmitter concentration. This article aims to describe the complete protocol for combining tDCS (NeuroConn MR compatible stimulator) with (1)H-MRS at 3 T using a MEGA-PRESS sequence. We will describe the impact of a protocol that has shown great promise for the treatment of motor dysfunctions after stroke, which consists of bilateral stimulation of primary motor cortices. Methodological factors to consider and possible modifications to the protocol are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julien Doyon
- Department of Psychology, University of Montréal
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota;
| | - Hugo Théoret
- Department of Psychology, University of Montréal;
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196
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Elder GJ, Taylor JP. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation: treatments for cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in the neurodegenerative dementias? ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2014; 6:74. [PMID: 25478032 PMCID: PMC4255638 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-014-0074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Two methods of non-invasive brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have demonstrable positive effects on cognition and can ameliorate neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression. Less is known about the efficacy of these approaches in common neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we evaluate the effects of TMS and tDCS upon cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in the major dementias, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), as well as the potential pre-dementia states of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods PubMed (until 7 February 2014) and PsycINFO (from 1967 to January Week 3 2014) databases were searched in a semi-systematic manner in order to identify relevant treatment studies. A total of 762 studies were identified and 32 studies (18 in the dementias and 14 in PD populations) were included. Results No studies were identified in patients with PDD, FTD or VaD. Of the dementias, 13 studies were conducted in patients with AD, one in DLB, and four in MCI. A total of 16 of the 18 studies showed improvements in at least one cognitive or neuropsychiatric outcome measure. Cognitive or neuropsychiatric improvements were observed in 12 of the 14 studies conducted in patients with PD. Conclusions Both TMS and tDCS may have potential as interventions for the treatment of symptoms associated with dementia and PD. These results are promising; however, available data were limited, particularly within VaD, PDD and FTD, and major challenges exist in order to maximise the efficacy and clinical utility of both techniques. In particular, stimulation parameters vary considerably between studies and are likely to subsequently impact upon treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg J Elder
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
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197
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The role of superior temporal sulcus in the control of irrelevant emotional face processing: A transcranial direct current stimulation study. Neuropsychologia 2014; 64:124-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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198
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Ihle K, Rodriguez-Raecke R, Luedtke K, May A. tDCS modulates cortical nociceptive processing but has little to no impact on pain perception. Pain 2014; 155:2080-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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199
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Manepalli J, Sapkota N. Neuromodulation Therapies in the Elderly Depressed Patient. CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13670-014-0098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Romero Lauro LJ, Rosanova M, Mattavelli G, Convento S, Pisoni A, Opitz A, Bolognini N, Vallar G. TDCS increases cortical excitability: Direct evidence from TMS–EEG. Cortex 2014; 58:99-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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