151
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Nguyen T, Xu Y, Abdel-Hameed M, Sorensen JL, Singer SD, Chen G. Characterization of a Type-2 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase from Haematococcus pluvialis Reveals Possible Allostery of the Recombinant Enzyme. Lipids 2019; 55:425-433. [PMID: 31879987 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis is a green microalga used in the algal biotechnology industry that can accumulate considerable amounts of storage triacylglycerol (TAG) and astaxanthin, which is a high-value carotenoid with strong antioxidant activity, under stress conditions. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the last step of the acyl-CoA-dependent TAG biosynthesis and appears to represent a bottleneck in algal TAG formation. In this study, putative H. pluvialis DGAT2 cDNA (HpDGAT2A, B, D and E) were identified from a transcriptome database and were subjected to sequence-based in silico analyses. The coding sequences of HpDGAT2B, D, and E were then isolated and characterized through heterologous expression in a TAG-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain H1246. The expression of HpDGAT2D allowed the recovery of TAG biosynthesis in this yeast mutant, and further in vitro enzymatic assays confirmed that the recombinant HpDGAT2D possessed strong DGAT activity. Interestingly, the recombinant HpDGAT2D displayed sigmoidal kinetics in response to increasing acyl-CoA concentrations, which has not been reported in plant or algal DGAT2 in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Nguyen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Mona Abdel-Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - John L Sorensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Stacy D Singer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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152
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Lin Y, Chen G, Mietkiewska E, Song Z, Caldo KMP, Singer SD, Dyer J, Smith M, McKeon T, Weselake RJ. Castor patatin-like phospholipase A IIIβ facilitates removal of hydroxy fatty acids from phosphatidylcholine in transgenic Arabidopsis seeds. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:521-536. [PMID: 31549344 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Castor patatin-like phospholipase A IIIβ facilitates the exclusion of hydroxy fatty acids from phosphatidylcholine in developing transgenic Arabidopsis seeds. Hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) are industrial useful, but their major natural source castor contains toxic components. Although expressing a castor OLEATE 12-HYDROXYLASE in Arabidopsis thaliana leads to the synthesis of HFAs in seeds, a high proportion of the HFAs are retained in phosphatidylcholine (PC). Thus, the liberation of HFA from PC seems to be critical for obtaining HFA-enriched seed oils. Plant phospholipase A (PLA) catalyzes the hydrolysis of PC to release fatty acyl chains that can be subsequently channeled into triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis or other metabolic pathways. To further our knowledge regarding the function of PLAs from HFA-producing plant species, two class III patatin-like PLA cDNAs (pPLAIIIβ or pPLAIIIδ) from castor or Physaria fendleri were overexpressed in a transgenic line of A. thaliana producing C18-HFA, respectively. Only the overexpression of RcpPLAIIIβ resulted in a significant reduction in seed HFA content with concomitant changes in fatty acid composition. Reductions in HFA content occurred in both PC and TAG indicating that HFAs released from PC were not incorporated into TAG. These results suggest that RcpPLAIIIβ may catalyze the removal of HFAs from PC in the developing seeds synthesizing these unusual fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Lin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Elzbieta Mietkiewska
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Okanagan Specialty Fruits Inc. (OSF), 410 Downey Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ziliang Song
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Kristian Mark P Caldo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Stacy D Singer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - John Dyer
- USDA-ARS, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, 21881 North Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ, 85138, USA
| | - Mark Smith
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Thomas McKeon
- USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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153
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Zare T, Rupasinghe TW, Boughton BA, Roessner U. The changes in the release level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 and ω-6) and lipids in the untreated and water-soaked chia seed. Food Res Int 2019; 126:108665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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154
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Liao P, Woodfield HK, Harwood JL, Chye ML, Scofield S. Comparative Transcriptomics Analysis of Brassica napus L. during Seed Maturation Reveals Dynamic Changes in Gene Expression between Embryos and Seed Coats and Distinct Expression Profiles of Acyl-CoA-Binding Proteins for Lipid Accumulation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2812-2825. [PMID: 31504915 PMCID: PMC6896696 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Production of vegetable oils is a vital agricultural resource and oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is the third most important oil crop globally. Although the regulation of lipid biosynthesis in oilseeds is still not fully defined, the acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) have been reported to be involved in such metabolism, including oil accumulation, in several plant species. In this study, progressive changes in gene expression in embryos and seed coats at different stages of seed development were comprehensively investigated by transcriptomic analyses in B. napus, revealing dynamic changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis. We show that genes encoding BnACBP proteins show distinct changes in expression at different developmental stages of seed development and show markedly different expression between embryos and seed coats. Both isoforms of the ankyrin-repeat BnACBP2 increased during the oil accumulation period of embryo development. By contrast, the expression of the three most abundant isoforms of the small molecular mass BnACBP6 in embryos showed progressive reduction, despite having the highest overall expression level. In seed coats, BnACBP3, BnACBP4 and BnACBP5 expression remained constant during development, whereas the two major isoforms of BnACBP6 increased, contrasting with the data from embryos. We conclude that genes related to fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis showing dynamic expression changes may regulate the lipid distribution in embryos and seed coats of B. napus and that BnACBP2 and BnACBP6 are potentially important for oil accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Corresponding authors: John L. Harwood, E-mail, ; Fax, 00-44-2920-874116; Mee-Len Chye, E-mail, ; Fax, 852-28583477
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Corresponding authors: John L. Harwood, E-mail, ; Fax, 00-44-2920-874116; Mee-Len Chye, E-mail, ; Fax, 852-28583477
| | - Simon Scofield
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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155
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Biomass and lipid induction strategies in microalgae for biofuel production and other applications. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:178. [PMID: 31638987 PMCID: PMC6805540 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of fossil fuels has been strongly related to critical problems currently affecting society, such as: global warming, global greenhouse effects and pollution. These problems have affected the homeostasis of living organisms worldwide at an alarming rate. Due to this, it is imperative to look for alternatives to the use of fossil fuels and one of the relevant substitutes are biofuels. There are different types of biofuels (categories and generations) that have been previously explored, but recently, the use of microalgae has been strongly considered for the production of biofuels since they present a series of advantages over other biofuel production sources: (a) they don’t need arable land to grow and therefore do not compete with food crops (like biofuels produced from corn, sugar cane and other plants) and; (b) they exhibit rapid biomass production containing high oil contents, at least 15 to 20 times higher than land based oleaginous crops. Hence, these unicellular photosynthetic microorganisms have received great attention from researches to use them in the large-scale production of biofuels. However, one disadvantage of using microalgae is the high economic cost due to the low-yields of lipid content in the microalgae biomass. Thus, development of different methods to enhance microalgae biomass, as well as lipid content in the microalgae cells, would lead to the development of a sustainable low-cost process to produce biofuels. Within the last 10 years, many studies have reported different methods and strategies to induce lipid production to obtain higher lipid accumulation in the biomass of microalgae cells; however, there is not a comprehensive review in the literature that highlights, compares and discusses these strategies. Here, we review these strategies which include modulating light intensity in cultures, controlling and varying CO2 levels and temperature, inducing nutrient starvation in the culture, the implementation of stress by incorporating heavy metal or inducing a high salinity condition, and the use of metabolic and genetic engineering techniques coupled with nanotechnology.
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156
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Woodfield HK, Fenyk S, Wallington E, Bates RE, Brown A, Guschina IA, Marillia E, Taylor DC, Fell D, Harwood JL, Fawcett T. Increase in lysophosphatidate acyltransferase activity in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) increases seed triacylglycerol content despite its low intrinsic flux control coefficient. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:700-711. [PMID: 31400160 PMCID: PMC6790676 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidate acyltransferase (LPAAT) catalyses the second step of the Kennedy pathway for triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis. In this study we expressed Trapaeolum majus LPAAT in Brassica napus (B. napus) cv 12075 to evaluate the effects on lipid synthesis and estimate the flux control coefficient for LPAAT. We estimated the flux control coefficient of LPAAT in a whole plant context by deriving a relationship between it and overall lipid accumulation, given that this process is a exponential. Increasing LPAAT activity resulted in greater TAG accumulation in seeds of between 25% and 29%; altered fatty acid distributions in seed lipids (particularly those of the Kennedy pathway); and a redistribution of label from 14 C-glycerol between phosphoglycerides. Greater LPAAT activity in seeds led to an increase in TAG content despite its low intrinsic flux control coefficient on account of the exponential nature of lipid accumulation that amplifies the effect of the small flux increment achieved by increasing its activity. We have also developed a novel application of metabolic control analysis likely to have broad application as it determines the in planta flux control that a single component has upon accumulation of storage products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stepan Fenyk
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Emma Wallington
- The John Bingham LaboratoryNIABHuntingdon RoadCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
| | - Ruth E. Bates
- The John Bingham LaboratoryNIABHuntingdon RoadCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
| | | | | | | | - David C. Taylor
- National Research Council of Canada110 Gymnasium PlaceSaskatoonSKS79 0W9Canada
| | - David Fell
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordOX3 0BPUK
| | | | - Tony Fawcett
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK
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157
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Tian Y, Lv X, Xie G, Wang L, Dai T, Qin X, Chen F, Xu Y. FAX2 Mediates Fatty Acid Export from Plastids in Developing Arabidopsis Seeds. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2231-2242. [PMID: 31198959 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are mainly stored in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) in oilseeds. Fatty acids (FAs), one of the building blocks for TAG assembly, are synthesized in plastids and then exported to the endoplasmic reticulum for storage oil synthesis. A recent study demonstrated that the export of FAs from plastids was mediated by a FAX (FA export) family protein. However, the significance of FAs export from plastid during seed oil accumulation has not been investigated. In this study, we found that FAX2 was highly expressed in developing Arabidopsis seeds and the expression level was consistent with FAs synthesis activity. FAX2 mutant seeds showed an approximately 18% reduction of lipid levels compared with wild-type seeds. By contrast, overexpression of FAX2 enhanced seed lipid accumulation by up to 30%. The FAs export activity of FAX2 was confirmed by yeast mutant cell complementation analysis. Our results showed that FAX2 could interact with other proteins to facilitate FAs transport. Taken together, these results indicate that FAX2-mediated FA export from plastids is important for seed oil accumulation, and that FAX2 can be used as a target gene for increasing lipid production in oilseeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshuai Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No.29 Wangjiang Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueyan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No.29 Wangjiang Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Guilan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No.29 Wangjiang Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Linghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No.29 Wangjiang Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingwei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No.29 Wangjiang Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Qin
- Sichuan Natural Resource Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No.29 Wangjiang Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No.29 Wangjiang Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
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158
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Xiao Z, Zhang C, Tang F, Yang B, Zhang L, Liu J, Huo Q, Wang S, Li S, Wei L, Du H, Qu C, Lu K, Li J, Li N. Identification of candidate genes controlling oil content by combination of genome-wide association and transcriptome analysis in the oilseed crop Brassica napus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:216. [PMID: 31528204 PMCID: PMC6737612 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing seed oil content is one of the most important targets for rapeseed (Brassica napus) breeding. However, genetic mechanisms of mature seed oil content in Brassica napus (B. napus) remain little known. To identify oil content-related genes, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using 588 accessions. RESULTS High-throughput genome resequencing resulted in 385,692 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with a minor allele frequency (MAF) > 0.05. We identified 17 loci that were significantly associated with seed oil content, among which 12 SNPs were distributed on the A3 (11 loci) and A1 (one loci) chromosomes, and five novel significant SNPs on the C5 (one loci) and C7 (four loci) chromosomes, respectively. Subsequently, we characterized differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the seeds and silique pericarps on main florescences and primary branches of extremely high- and low-oil content accessions (HO and LO). A total of 64 lipid metabolism-related DEGs were identified, 14 of which are involved in triacylglycerols (TAGs) biosynthesis and assembly. Additionally, we analyzed differences in transcription levels of key genes involved in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in the plastid, TAGs assembly and lipid droplet packaging in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) between high- and low-oil content B. napus accessions. CONCLUSIONS The combination of GWAS and transcriptome analyses revealed seven candidate genes located within the confidence intervals of significant SNPs. Current findings provide valuable information for facilitating marker-based breeding for higher seed oil content in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchun Xiao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Fang Tang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Bo Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Jingsen Liu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Qiang Huo
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Shengting Li
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Hai Du
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Nannan Li
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715 China
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159
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Zhu Q, King GJ, Liu X, Shan N, Borpatragohain P, Baten A, Wang P, Luo S, Zhou Q. Identification of SNP loci and candidate genes related to four important fatty acid composition in Brassica napus using genome wide association study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221578. [PMID: 31442274 PMCID: PMC6707581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed oil (canola, Brassica napus L.) is an important healthy vegetable oil throughout the world, the nutritional and economical value of which largely depends on its seed fatty acid composition. In this study, based on 201,187 SNP markers developed from the SLAF-seq (specific locus amplified fragment sequencing), a genome wide association study of four important fatty acid content traits (erucic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid) in a panel of 300 inbred lines of rapeseed in two environments (JXAU and JXRIS) was carried out. A total of 148 SNP loci significantly associated with these traits were detected by MLM model analysis respectively, and 30 SNP loci on A08 and C03 chromosomes were detected in three traits of erucic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid contents simultaneously. Furthermore, 108 highly favorable alleles for increasing oleic acid and linoleic acid content, also for decreasing erucic acid content simultaneously were observed. By a basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) search with in a distance of 100 Kb around these significantly SNP-trait associations, we identified 20 orthologs of the functional candidate genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis, including the known vital fatty acid biosynthesis genes of BnaA.FAE1 and BnaC. FAE1 on the A08 and C03 chromosomes, and other potential candidate genes involving in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, such as the orthologs genes of FAD2, LACS09, KCS17, CER4, TT16 and ACBP5. This study lays a basis for uncovering the genetic variations and the improvement of fatty acid composition in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianglong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Graham J. King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Xingyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Abdul Baten
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Putao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Sha Luo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qinghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- * E-mail:
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160
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Kanai M, Yamada T, Hayashi M, Mano S, Nishimura M. Soybean (Glycine max L.) triacylglycerol lipase GmSDP1 regulates the quality and quantity of seed oil. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8924. [PMID: 31222045 PMCID: PMC6586785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeds of soybean (Glycine max L.) are a major source of plant-derived oils. In the past, improvements have been made in the quantity and quality of seed oil. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the principal components of soybean seed oil, and understanding the metabolic regulation of TAGs in soybean seeds is essential. Here, we identified four soybean genes encoding TAG lipases, designated as SUGAR DEPENDENT1-1 (GmSDP1-1), GmSDP1-2, GmSDP1-3 and GmSDP1-4; these are homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana SDP1 (AtSDP1). To characterize the function of these genes during grain filling, transgenic lines of soybean were generated via RNA interference to knockdown the expression of all four GmSDP1 genes. The seed oil content of the transgenic soybean lines was significantly increased compared with the wild type (WT). Additionally, fatty acid profiles of the WT and transgenic soybean lines were altered; the content of linoleic acid, a major fatty acid in soybean seeds, was significantly reduced, whereas that of oleic acid was increased in transgenic soybean seeds compared with the WT. Substrate specificity experiments showed that TAG lipase preferentially cleaved oleic acid than linoleic acid in the oil body membrane in WT soybean. This study demonstrates that the GmSDP1 proteins regulate both the TAG content and fatty acid composition of soybean seeds during grain filling. These results provide a novel strategy for improving both the quantity and quality of soybean seed oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatake Kanai
- Laboratory of Organelle Regulation, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Shoji Mano
- Laboratory of Organelle Regulation, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Mikio Nishimura
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan.
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161
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Jung SH, Kim RJ, Kim KJ, Lee DH, Suh MC. Plastidial and Mitochondrial Malonyl CoA-ACP Malonyltransferase is Essential for Cell Division and Its Overexpression Increases Storage Oil Content. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1239-1249. [PMID: 30796840 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) is a key building block for the synthesis of fatty acids, which are important components of cell membranes, storage oils and lipid-signaling molecules. Malonyl CoA-ACP malonyltransferase (MCAMT) catalyzes the production of malonyl-ACP and CoA from malonyl-CoA and ACP. Here, we report that MCAMT plays a critical role in cell division and has the potential to increase the storage oil content in Arabidopsis. The quantitative real-time PCR and MCAMT promoter:GUS analyses showed that MCAMT is predominantly expressed in shoot and root apical meristems, leaf hydathodes and developing embryos. The fluorescent signals of MCAMT:eYFP were observed in both chloroplasts and mitochondria of tobacco leaf protoplasts. In particular, the N-terminal region (amino acid residues 1-30) of MCAMT was required for mitochondrial targeting. The Arabidopsis mcamt-1 and -2 mutants exhibited an embryo-lethal phenotype because of the arrest of embryo development at the globular stage. The transgenic Arabidopsis expressing antisense MCAMT RNA showed growth retardation caused by the defects in cell division. The overexpression of MCAMT driven by the promoter of the senescence-associated 1 (SEN1) gene, which is predominantly expressed in developing seeds, increased the seed yield and storage oil content of Arabidopsis. Taken together, the plastidial and mitochondrial MCAMT is essential for Arabidopsis cell division and is a novel genetic resource useful for enhancing storage oil content in oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seh Hui Jung
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook Jin Kim
- Genomine Inc. Venture Bldg 306, Pohang TechnoPark, 394 Jigok-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Lee
- Genomine Inc. Venture Bldg 306, Pohang TechnoPark, 394 Jigok-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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162
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Li D, Dossa K, Wang ML, Zhou R, Yu J, Zhang X. Gene expression profiles that shape high and low oil content sesames. BMC Genet 2019; 20:45. [PMID: 31096908 PMCID: PMC6521469 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sesame (Sesamum indicum) can accumulate over 60% oil in its seed. However, low oil content genotypes with an oil content of less than 50% are also observed. To gain insights into how genes shape this variation, we examined 22 seed and carpel transcriptomes from 3 varieties of sesame with high and low oil content. Results A total of 34.6~52.2% of the sesame genes were expressed with a RPKM greater than 5 in the 22 tissue samples. The expressed gene numbers tended to decrease in the seed but fluctuated in the carpels from 10 to 30 days post-anthesis (DPA). Compared with that of the low oil content sesames, the high oil content sesame exhibited more positive gene expression during seed development. Typically, genes involved in lipid biosynthesis were enriched and could distinguish the high and low genotypes at 30 DPA, suggesting the pivotal role of seed oil biosynthesis in the later stages. Key homologous lipid genes that function in TAG biosynthesis, including those that encoded glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT), were strengthened asynchronously at different stages, but the lipid transfer protein (LTP)-encoding genes, including SIN_1019175, SIN_1019172 and SIN_1010009, usually were highlighted in the high oil content sesames. Furthermore, a list of 23 candidate genes was identified and predicted to be beneficial for higher oil content accumulation. Despite the different gene expression patterns between the seeds and carpels, the two tissues showed a cooperative relationship during seed development, and biological processes, such as transport, catabolic process and small molecule metabolic process, changed synchronously. Conclusions The study elucidated the different expression profiles in high and low oil content sesames and revealed key stages and a list of candidate genes that shaped oil content variation. These findings will accelerate dissection of the genetic mechanism of sesame oil biosynthesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-019-0747-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhai Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Donghua Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Komivi Dossa
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Centre d'Etudes Régional pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), Route de Khombole, BP 3320, Thiès, Sénégal.,Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Code postal 107000, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Ming Li Wang
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Rong Zhou
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jingyin Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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163
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Yang S, Miao L, He J, Zhang K, Li Y, Gai J. Dynamic Transcriptome Changes Related to Oil Accumulation in Developing Soybean Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2202. [PMID: 31060266 PMCID: PMC6539092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean is one of the most important oil crops in the world. Revealing the molecular basis and exploring key candidate genes for seed oil synthesis has great significance for soybean improvement. In this study, we found that oil accumulation rates and gene expression levels changed dynamically during soybean seed development. The expression levels of genes in metabolic pathways such as carbon fixation, photosynthesis, glycolysis, and fatty acid biosynthesis were significantly up-regulated during the rapid accumulation of oil in developing soybean seeds. Through weighted correlation network analysis, we identified six co-expression modules associated with soybean seed oil content and the pink module was the most positively correlated (r = 0.83, p = 7 × 10-4) network. Through the integration of differential expression and co-expression analysis, we predicted 124 candidate genes potentially affecting soybean seed oil content, including seven genes in lipid metabolism pathway, two genes involved in glycolysis, one gene in sucrose metabolism, and 12 genes belonged to transcription factors as well as other categories. Among these, three genes (GmABI3b, GmNFYA and GmFAD2-1B) have been shown to control oil and fatty acid content in soybean seeds, and other newly identified candidate genes would broaden our knowledge to understand the molecular basis for oil accumulation in soybean seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songnan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Long Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jianbo He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Junyi Gai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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164
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Reynolds KB, Cullerne DP, El Tahchy A, Rolland V, Blanchard CL, Wood CC, Singh SP, Petrie JR. Identification of Genes Involved in Lipid Biosynthesis through de novo Transcriptome Assembly from Cocos nucifera Developing Endosperm. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:945-960. [PMID: 30608545 PMCID: PMC6498750 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cocos nucifera (coconut), a member of the Arecaceae family, is an economically important woody palm that is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions. The coconut palm is well known for its ability to accumulate large amounts of oil, approximately 63% of the seed weight. Coconut oil varies significantly from other vegetable oils as it contains a high proportion of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA; 85%). The unique composition of coconut oil raises interest in understanding how the coconut palm produces oil of a high saturated MCFA content, and if such an oil profile could be replicated via biotechnology interventions. Although some gene discovery work has been performed there is still a significant gap in the knowledge associated with coconut's oil production pathways. In this study, a de novo transcriptome was assembled for developing coconut endosperm to identify genes involved in the synthesis of lipids, particularly triacylglycerol. Of particular interest were thioesterases, acyltransferases and oleosins because of their involvement in the processes of releasing fatty acids for assembly, esterification of fatty acids into glycerolipids and protecting oils from degradation, respectively. It is hypothesized that some of these genes may exhibit a strong substrate preference for MCFA and hence may assist the future development of vegetable oils with an enriched MCFA composition. In this study, we identified and confirmed functionality of five candidate genes from the gene families of interest. This study will benefit future work in areas of increasing vegetable oil production and the tailoring of oil fatty acid compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Reynolds
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren P Cullerne
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Anna El Tahchy
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Vivien Rolland
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Christopher L Blanchard
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig C Wood
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Surinder P Singh
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - James R Petrie
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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165
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Islam N, Bates PD, Maria John KM, Krishnan HB, J Zhang Z, Luthria DL, Natarajan SS. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Low Linolenic Acid Transgenic Soybean Reveals Perturbations of Fatty Acid Metabolic Pathways. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800379. [PMID: 30784187 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To understand the effect of fatty acid desaturase gene (GmFAD3) silencing on perturbation of fatty acid (FA) metabolic pathways, the changes are compared in protein profiling in control and low linolenic acid transgenic soybeans using tandem mass tag based mass spectrometry. Protein profiling of the transgenic line unveiled changes in several key enzymes of FA metabolism. This includes enzymes of lower abundance; fabH, fabF, and thioestrase associated with FA initiation, elongation, and desaturation processes and LOX1_5, ACOX, ACAA1, MFP2 associated with β-oxidation of α-linolenic acids pathways. In addition, the GmFAD3 silencing results in a significant reduction in one of the major allergens, Gly m 4 (C6T3L5). These results are important for exploring how plants adjust in their biological processes when certain changes are induced in the genetic makeup. A complete understanding of these processes will aid researchers to alter genes for developing value-added soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Islam
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Philip D Bates
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - K M Maria John
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, BHNRC, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhanyuan J Zhang
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Devanand L Luthria
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, BHNRC, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
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166
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Bai S, Engelen S, Denolf P, Wallis JG, Lynch K, Bengtsson JD, Van Thournout M, Haesendonckx B, Browse J. Identification, characterization and field testing of Brassica napus mutants producing high-oleic oils. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 98:33-41. [PMID: 30536486 PMCID: PMC6604813 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Producing healthy, high-oleic oils and eliminating trans-fatty acids from foods are two goals that can be addressed by reducing activity of the oleate desaturase, FAD2, in oilseeds. However, it is essential to understand the consequences of reducing FAD2 activity on the metabolism, cell biology and physiology of oilseed crop plants. Here, we translate knowledge from studies of fad2 mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to investigate the limits of non-GMO approaches to maximize oleic acid in the seed oil of canola (Brassica napus), a species that expresses three active FAD2 isozymes. A series of hypomorphic and null mutations in the FAD2.A5 isoform were characterized in yeast (Saccharomyes cerevisiae). Then, four of these were combined with null mutations in the other two isozymes, FAD2.C5 and FAD2.C1. The resulting mutant lines contained 71-87% oleic acid in their seed oil, compared with 62% in wild-type controls. All the mutant lines grew well in a greenhouse, but in field experiments we observed a clear demarcation in plant performance. Mutant lines containing less than 80% oleate in the seed oil were indistinguishable from wild-type controls in growth parameters and seed oil content. By contrast, lines with more than 80% oleate in the seed oil had significantly lower seedling establishment and vigor, delayed flowering and reduced plant height at maturity. These lines also had 7-11% reductions in seed oil content. Our results extend understanding of the B. napusFAD2 isozymes and define the practical limit to increasing oil oleate content in this crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyi Bai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Clark Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - Steven Engelen
- BASF Agricultural Solutions Belgium N.V., Technologiepark 101, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Denolf
- BASF Agricultural Solutions Belgium N.V., Technologiepark 101, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - James G. Wallis
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Clark Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - Katherine Lynch
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Clark Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - Jesse D. Bengtsson
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Clark Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - Michel Van Thournout
- BASF Agricultural Solutions Belgium N.V., Technologiepark 101, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Boris Haesendonckx
- BASF Agricultural Solutions Belgium N.V., Technologiepark 101, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Browse
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Clark Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
- For correspondence ()
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167
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Deng S, Mai Y, Shui L, Niu J. WRINKLED1 transcription factor orchestrates the regulation of carbon partitioning for C18:1 (oleic acid) accumulation in Siberian apricot kernel. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2693. [PMID: 30804440 PMCID: PMC6389899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
WRINKLED1 (WRI1), an APETALA2 (AP2)-type transcription factor, has been shown to be required for the regulation of carbon partitioning into fatty acid (FA) synthesis in plant seeds. To our knowledge, the regulatory network of WRI1 remains unknown in Prunus sibirica kernel (PSK), a novel woody biodiesel feedstock in China. In this study, based on the transcriptional data from developing oilseeds of multiple plant species, we identified 161 WRI1-coexpressed genes using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The major portion of WRI1-coexpressed genes was characterized to be involved in carbon partitioning and FA biosynthesis. Additionally, we detected the temporal patterns for oil content and FA compositions in developing PSK from two different germplasms (AS-85 and AS-86). The major differences between the two germplasms are higher contents of oil and C18:1 in AS-85 than in AS-86 at a mature stage. Thus, AS-85 and AS-86 are desirable materials to explore the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of oil accumulation in Siberian apricot. Expression analysis in developing PSK of AS-85 and AS-86 indicated that the expression level of P. sibirica WRI1 (PsWRI1) was closely correlated to accumulative rate of oil. Also, the comparison of expression profiles in developing PSK of AS-85 and AS-86 displayed that the pPK, E1-α, E2, TAL, BC, MCMT, BS, SAD and FAD2 have a high correlation with PsWRI1. Transient expression showed that ProSAD- and ProBS-driving GUS expression showed no substantial difference between AS-85 and AS-86, while the expression level of ProPEPCK-AS-85 driving GUS was significantly higher than that of ProPEPCK-AS-86 driving GUS. Additionally, transient co-transformation with PsWRI1 revealed that ProSAD, ProPEPCK and ProBS activity could be specifically up-regulated by PsWRI1. This regulatory mechanism of PsWRI1 may create a steep concentration difference, thereby facilitating carbon flux into C18:1 accumulation in developing PSK. Overall, all our findings imply a versatile mechanism of WRI1 to optimize carbon allocation for oil accumulation, which can provide reference for researching the woody biodiesel plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Deng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yiting Mai
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Lanya Shui
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Jun Niu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.
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168
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Li-Beisson Y, Thelen JJ, Fedosejevs E, Harwood JL. The lipid biochemistry of eukaryotic algae. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:31-68. [PMID: 30703388 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Algal lipid metabolism fascinates both scientists and entrepreneurs due to the large diversity of fatty acyl structures that algae produce. Algae have therefore long been studied as sources of genes for novel fatty acids; and, due to their superior biomass productivity, algae are also considered a potential feedstock for biofuels. However, a major issue in a commercially viable "algal oil-to-biofuel" industry is the high production cost, because most algal species only produce large amounts of oils after being exposed to stress conditions. Recent studies have therefore focused on the identification of factors involved in TAG metabolism, on the subcellular organization of lipid pathways, and on interactions between organelles. This has been accompanied by the development of genetic/genomic and synthetic biological tools not only for the reference green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii but also for Nannochloropsis spp. and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Advances in our understanding of enzymes and regulatory proteins of acyl lipid biosynthesis and turnover are described herein with a focus on carbon and energetic aspects. We also summarize how changes in environmental factors can impact lipid metabolism and describe present and potential industrial uses of algal lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez Durance F-13108, France.
| | - Jay J Thelen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - Eric Fedosejevs
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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169
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Wayne LL, Gachotte DJ, Walsh TA. Transgenic and Genome Editing Approaches for Modifying Plant Oils. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1864:367-394. [PMID: 30415347 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8778-8_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are important for human and animal nutrition and as renewable resources for chemical feedstocks. We provide an overview of transgenic and genome editing approaches for modifying plant oils, describing useful model and crop systems and different strategies for transgenic modifications. We also describe new genome editing approaches that are beginning to be applied to oilseed plants and crops. These approaches are illustrated with examples for modifying the nutritional quality of vegetable oils by altering fatty acid desaturation, producing non-native fatty acids in oilseeds, and enhancing the overall accumulation of oil in seeds and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Wayne
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Johnston, IA, USA.
| | - Daniel J Gachotte
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Terence A Walsh
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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170
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Wang J, Lin W, Yin Z, Wang L, Dong S, An J, Lin Z, Yu H, Shi L, Lin S, Chen S. Comprehensive evaluation of fuel properties and complex regulation of intracellular transporters for high oil production in developing seeds of Prunus sibirica for woody biodiesel. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:6. [PMID: 30622648 PMCID: PMC6318995 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on our previous studies of 17 Prunus sibirica germplasms, one plus tree with high quality and quantity of seed oils has emerged as novel potential source of biodiesel. To better develop P. sibirica seed oils as woody biodiesel, a concurrent exploration of oil content, FA composition, biodiesel yield and fuel properties as well as prediction model construction for fuel properties was conducted on developing seeds to determine the optimal seed harvest time for producing high-quality biodiesel. Oil synthesis required supply of carbon source, energy and FA, but their transport mechanisms still remains enigmatic. Our recent 454 sequencing of P. sibirica could provide long-read sequences to identify membrane transporters for a better understanding of regulatory mechanism for high oil production in developing seeds. RESULTS To better develop the seed oils of P. sibirica as woody biodiesel, we firstly focused on a temporal and comparative evaluation of growth tendency, oil content, FA composition, biodiesel yield and fuel properties as well as model construction for biodiesel property prediction in different developing seeds from P. sibirica plus tree (accession AS-80), revealing that the oils from developing seeds harvested after 60 days after flowering (DAF) could be as novel potential feedstock for producing biodiesel with ideal fuel property. To gain new insight into membrane transport mechanism for high oil yield in developing seeds of P. sibirica, we presented a global analysis of transporter based on our recent 454 sequencing data of P. sibirica. We annotated a total of 116 genes for membrane-localized transporters at different organelles (plastid, endoplasmatic reticulum, tonoplast, mitochondria and peroxisome), of which some specific transporters were identified to be involved in carbon allocation, metabolite transport and energy supply for oil synthesis by both RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. Importantly, the transporter-mediated model was well established for high oil synthesis in developing P. sibirica seeds. Our findings could help to reveal molecular mechanism of increased oil production and may also present strategies for engineering oil accumulation in oilseed plants. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a temporal and comparative evaluation of developing P. sibirica seed oils as a potential feedstock for producing high-quality biodiesel and a global identification for membrane transporters was to gain better insights into regulatory mechanism of high oil production in developing seeds of P. sibirica. Our findings may present strategies for developing woody biodiesel resources and engineering oil accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Weijun Lin
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Zhongdong Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Libing Wang
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - ShuBin Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Jiyong An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Zixin Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Lingling Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Shanzhi Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Soil and Water Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
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Jeppson S, Demski K, Carlsson AS, Zhu LH, Banaś A, Stymne S, Lager I. Crambe hispanica Subsp. abyssinica Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Specificities Towards Diacylglycerols and Acyl-CoA Reveal Combinatorial Effects That Greatly Affect Enzymatic Activity and Specificity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1442. [PMID: 31798607 PMCID: PMC6863138 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Crambe is an oil crop suitable for industrial purposes due to the high content of erucic acid (22:1) in the seed oil. The final acylation of diacylglycerols (DAG) with acyl-CoA in the production of triacylglycerols (oil) is catalyzed by acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes. We identified eight forms of DGATs in crambe and characterized them in microsomal preparations of yeast expressing the enzymes using various acyl-CoAs and both di-6:0-DAG and long-chain DAG species as acyl acceptors. All DGATs accepted 22:1-CoA when using di-6:0-DAG as acyl acceptor. When di-22:1-DAG was the acyl acceptor, the DGAT1 type of enzyme utilized 22:1-CoA at a much-reduced rate compared to assays with sn-1-22:1-sn-2-18:1(oleoyl)-DAG, the most frequently available DAG precursor in crambe seeds. None of the DGAT2 enzymes was able to acylate di-22:1-DAG. Our results indicate that formation of trierucin by crambe DGATs is a limiting step for further increasing the levels of 22:1 in the previously developed transgenic crambe lines due to their poor abilities to acylate di-22:1-DAG. We also show that the acyl-CoA specificities and the enzymatic activities are highly influenced by the fatty acid composition of the DAG acyl acceptor. This finding implies that the use of artificial acyl acceptors (e.g. di-6:0-DAG) may not always reflect the actual acyl-CoA specificities of DGATs in planta. The relevance of the here reported pronounced specificities for specific DAG species exerted by DGAT enzymes is discussed in the context of the findings of DAG pools of distinct catalytic origin in triacylglycerol biosynthesis in the seed oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jeppson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Simon Jeppson,
| | - Kamil Demski
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anders S. Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sten Stymne
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ida Lager
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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172
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Lee HG, Seo PJ. Interaction of DGAT1 and PDAT1 to enhance TAG assembly in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1554467. [PMID: 30537885 PMCID: PMC6351085 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1554467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Seeds contain a large quantity of oils, which are mainly constituted of triacylglycerol (TAG), a fundamental source of carbon and energy. TAG biosynthesis is catalyzed by a series of multiple enzymes. In particular, two key enzymes catalyzing the last acylation step for TAG production, acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (PDAT1), are rate-limiting enzymes that determine TAG accumulation in Arabidopsis seeds. We recently showed that the two enzymes are transcriptionally coordinated by the R2R3-type MYB96 transcription factor to promote TAG assembly during seed maturation in Arabidopsis. Here, we further found that DGAT1 and PDAT1 physically associate, possibly to enhance the efficiency of TAG production. Overall, our findings suggest that TAG biosynthesis is intricately regulated at multiple levels, and these molecular strategies can potentially be used for metabolic engineering in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gil Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- CONTACT Pil Joon Seo Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Maraschin FDS, Kulcheski FR, Segatto ALA, Trenz TS, Barrientos-Diaz O, Margis-Pinheiro M, Margis R, Turchetto-Zolet AC. Enzymes of glycerol-3-phosphate pathway in triacylglycerol synthesis in plants: Function, biotechnological application and evolution. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 73:46-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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174
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Zheng Y, Deng X, Qu A, Zhang M, Tao Y, Yang L, Liu Y, Xu J, Zhang S. Regulation of pollen lipid body biogenesis by MAP kinases and downstream WRKY transcription factors in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007880. [PMID: 30586356 PMCID: PMC6324818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways that control the activities in non-photosynthetic plastids, important sites of plant metabolism, are largely unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that WRKY2 and WRKY34 transcription factors play an essential role in pollen development downstream of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MPK3) and MPK6 in Arabidopsis. Here, we report that GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE/PHOSPHATE TRANSLOCATOR 1 (GPT1) is a key target gene of WRKY2/WRKY34. GPT1 transports glucose-6-phosphate (Glc6P) into plastids for starch and/or fatty acid biosynthesis depending on the plant species. Loss of function of WRKY2/WRKY34 results in reduced GPT1 expression, and concomitantly, reduced accumulation of lipid bodies in mature pollen, which leads to compromised pollen viability, germination, pollen tube growth, and male transmission in Arabidopsis. Pollen-specific overexpression of GPT1 rescues the pollen defects of wrky2 wrky34 double mutant. Furthermore, gain-of-function activation of MPK3/MPK6 enhances GPT1 expression; whereas GPT1 expression is reduced in mkk4 mkk5 double mutant. Together, this study revealed a cytoplasmic/nuclear signaling pathway capable of coordinating the metabolic activities in plastids. High-level expression of GPT1 at late stages of pollen development drives Glc6P from cytosol into plastids, where Glc6P is used for fatty acid biosynthesis, an important step of lipid body biogenesis. The accumulation of lipid bodies during pollen maturation is essential to pollen fitness and successful reproduction. Plastids are important sites of plant metabolism including fatty acid and starch biosynthesis. At present, how the activities in the plastids are coordinated with those in the cytoplasm and the signaling pathway(s) involved are largely unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that WRKY2 and WRKY34 transcription factors play an essential role in pollen development downstream of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MPK3) and MPK6 in Arabidopsis. Here, we report that GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE/PHOSPHATE TRANSLOCATOR 1 (GPT1) is a key target gene of WRKY2/WRKY34. GPT1 is localized on the membrane of plastids and transports glucose-6-phosphate (Glc6P) into plastids for starch and/or fatty acid biosynthesis depending on the plant species. Genetic analyses demonstrated that WRKY2/WRKY34 and their upstream MPK3/MPK6 are involved in regulating GPT1 expression, therefore, the accumulation of lipid bodies in mature pollen, which is critical to pollen viability, pollen germination, pollen tube growth, and male transmission in Arabidopsis. This study revealed a cytoplasmic/nuclear signaling pathway capable of coordinating the metabolic activities in plastids. High-level expression of GPT1 at late stages of pollen development drives Glc6P from cytosol into plastids, where Glc6P is used for fatty acid biosynthesis, an important step of lipid body biogenesis. The accumulation of lipid bodies during pollen maturation is essential to pollen fitness and successful reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangxiong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aili Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liuyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (JX); (SZ)
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JX); (SZ)
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175
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Zhang Q, Yu R, Sun D, Rahman MM, Xie L, Hu J, He L, Kilaru A, Niu L, Zhang Y. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals an Efficient Mechanism of α-Linolenic Acid in Tree Peony Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010065. [PMID: 30586917 PMCID: PMC6337502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) species are woody oil crops with high unsaturated fatty acid content, including α-linolenic acid (ALA/18:3; >40% of the total fatty acid). Comparative transcriptome analyses were carried out to uncover the underlying mechanisms responsible for high and low ALA content in the developing seeds of P. rockii and P. lutea, respectively. Expression analysis of acyl lipid metabolism genes revealed upregulation of select genes involved in plastidial fatty acid synthesis, acyl editing, desaturation, and triacylglycerol assembly in seeds of P. rockii relative to P. lutea. Also, in association with ALA content in seeds, transcript levels for fatty acid desaturases (SAD, FAD2, and FAD3), which encode enzymes necessary for polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis, were higher in P. rockii compared to P. lutea. Furthermore, the overexpression of PrFAD2 and PrFAD3 in Arabidopsis increased linoleic and ALA content, respectively, and modulated the final ratio 18:2/18:3 in the seed oil. In conclusion, we identified the key steps and validated the necessary desaturases that contribute to efficient ALA synthesis in a woody oil crop. Together, these results will aid to increase essential fatty acid content in seeds of tree peonies and other crops of agronomic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Rui Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Daoyang Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
| | - Lihang Xie
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Jiayuan Hu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Lixia He
- Gansu Forestry Science and Technology Extend Station, Lanzhou 730046, China.
| | - Aruna Kilaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
| | - Lixin Niu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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176
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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Dynamic Fat Accumulation in the Walnut Kernel. Int J Genomics 2018; 2018:8931651. [PMID: 30622952 PMCID: PMC6304212 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8931651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an important woody oilseed species cultivated throughout the world. In this study, comparative transcript profiling was performed using high-throughput RNA sequencing technology at the following three stages of walnut fat synthesis in the “Lvling” walnut cultivar: the initial developmental stage (L1), the fast developing stage (L2), and the last developing stage (L3). A total of 68.18 GB of data were obtained on the three developmental stages, and 92% to 94% of clean data were able to be located to the reference genome. Further comparisons of the transcripts in the three libraries revealed that 724, 2027, and 4817 genes were differentially expressed between the L2 and L1 (L2vsL1), L3 and L2 (L3vsL2), and L3 and L1 (L3vsL1) samples, respectively. Through the GO gene enrichment analysis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in L2vsL1, L3vsL2, and L3vsL1 were enriched into 3, 0, and 2 functional categories, respectively. According to the KEGG enrichment analysis, DEGs in L2vsL1, L3vsL2, and L3vsL1 were annotated into 77, 110, and 3717 taxonomic metabolic pathways in the KEGG database, respectively. Next, we analyzed expression levels of genes related to fat synthesis. Our results indicated that ACCase, LACS, and FAD7 were the key genes related to fat synthesis. The high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of walnut in different developmental stages has greatly enriched the current genomic available resources. The comparison of DEGs under different developmental stages identified a wealth of candidate genes involved in fat synthesis, which will facilitate further genetic improvement and molecular studies of the walnut.
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177
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Gan Y, Song Y, Chen Y, Liu H, Yang D, Xu Q, Zheng Z. Transcriptome analysis reveals a composite molecular map linked to unique seed oil profile of Neocinnamomum caudatum (Nees) Merr. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:303. [PMID: 30477425 PMCID: PMC6258453 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neocinnamomum caudatum (Nees) Merr., a biodiesel tree species in the subtropical areas of South China, India and Burma, is distinctive from other species in Lauraceae family and its seed oil is rich in linoleic acid (18:2) and stearic acid (18:0). However, there is little genetic information about this species so far. In this study, a transcriptomic analysis on developing seeds of N. caudatum was conducted in an attempt to discern the molecular mechanisms involving the control of the fatty acid (FA) and triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis revealed 239,703 unigenes with an average length of 436 bp and 137 putative biomarkers that are related to FA formation and TAG biosynthesis. The expression patterns of genes encoding β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I (KASI), β- ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase II (KASII), stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD), fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2), fatty acid desaturase 8 (FAD8) and acyl-ACP thioesterase A/B (FATA/B) were further validated by qRT-PCR. These genes displayed a very similar expression pattern in two distinct assays. Moreover, sequence analysis of different FATBs from diverse plant species revealed that NcFATB is structurally different from its counterpart in other species in producing medium-chain saturated FAs. Concertedly, heterologous expression of NcFATB in E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain showed that this corresponding expressed protein, NcFATB, prefers long-chain saturated fatty acyl-ACP over medium-chain fatty acyl-ACP as substrate. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptome analysis of developing N. caudatum seeds revealed a composite molecular map linked to the FA formation and oil biosynthesis in this biodiesel tree species. The substrate preference of NcFATB for long-chain saturated FAs is likely to contribute to its unique seed oil profile rich in stearic acid. Our findings demonstrate that in the tree species of Lauraceae family, the FATB enzymes producing long-chain FAs are structurally distinct from those producing medium-chain FAs, thereby suggesting that the FATB genes may serve as a biomarker for the classification of tree species of Lauraceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhejiang, 311300 Hangzhou China
| | - Yu Song
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303 Yunnan China
| | - Yadong Chen
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhejiang, 311300 Hangzhou China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhejiang, 311300 Hangzhou China
| | - Dongdong Yang
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhejiang, 311300 Hangzhou China
| | - Qianyu Xu
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhejiang, 311300 Hangzhou China
| | - Zhifu Zheng
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhejiang, 311300 Hangzhou China
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178
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Li Y, Yu Z, Jin J, Zhang Q, Wang G, Liu C, Wu J, Wang C, Liu X. Impact of Elevated CO 2 on Seed Quality of Soybean at the Fresh Edible and Mature Stages. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1413. [PMID: 30386351 PMCID: PMC6199416 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although the effect of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on soybean yield has been well documented, few studies have addressed seed quality, particularly at the fresh edible (R6) and mature stages (R8). Under the current global scenario of increasing CO2 levels, this potentially threatens the nutritional content and quality of food crops. Using four soybean cultivars, we assessed the effects of eCO2 on the concentrations of crude protein, crude oil, and isoflavones and analyzed the changes in free amino acids, fatty acids, and mineral elements in seeds. At R6, eCO2 had no influence on soybean seed protein and oil concentrations. At R8, eCO2 significantly decreased seed protein concentration but increased seed oil concentration; it also significantly decreased total free amino acid concentration. However, at the same stage, the proportion of oleic acid (18:1) among fatty acids increased in response to eCO2 in the cultivars of Zhongke-maodou 2 (ZK-2) and Zhongke-maodou 3 (ZK-3), and a similar trend was found for linoleic acid (18:2) in Zhongke-maodou 1 (ZK-1) and Hei-maodou (HD). Total isoflavone concentrations increased significantly at both the R6 and R8 stages in response to eCO2. Compared with ambient CO2, the concentrations of K, Ca, Mg, P, and S increased significantly under eCO2 at R6, while the Fe concentration decreased significantly. The response of Zn and Mn concentrations to eCO2 varied among cultivars. At R8 and under eCO2, Mg, S, and Ca concentrations increased significantly, while Zn and Fe concentrations decreased significantly. These findings suggest that eCO2 is likely to benefit from the accumulation of seed fat and isoflavone but not from that of protein. In this study, the response of seed mineral nutrients to eCO2 varied between cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenhua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Qiuying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Changkai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Junjiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Soybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
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Shen E, Zhu X, Hua S, Chen H, Ye C, Zhou L, Liu Q, Zhu QH, Fan L, Chen X. Genome-wide identification of oil biosynthesis-related long non-coding RNAs in allopolyploid Brassica napus. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:745. [PMID: 30314449 PMCID: PMC6186049 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 bp that do not encode proteins but nonetheless have been shown to play important roles in various biological processes in plants. Brassica napus is an important seed oil crop worldwide and the target of many genetic improvement activities. To understand better the function of lncRNAs in regulating plant metabolic activities, we carried out a genome-wide lncRNA identification of lncRNAs in Brassica napus with a focus on lncRNAs involved in lipid metabolism. Twenty ribosomal RNA depleted strand specific RNA-seq (ssRNA-seq) datasets were generatred using RNAs isolated from B. napus seeds at four developmental stages. For comparison we also included 30 publically available RNA-seq datasets generated from poly(A) enriched mRNAs isolated from from various Brassica napus tissues in our analysis. Results A total of 8905 lncRNA loci were identified, including 7100 long intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA) loci and 1805 loci generating long noncoding natural antisense transcript (lncNAT). Many lncRNAs were identified only in the ssRNA-seq and poly(A) RNA-seq dataset, suggesting that B. napus has a large lncRNA repertoire and it is necessary to use libraries prepared from different tissues and developmental stages as well as different library preparation approaches to capture the whole spectrum of lncRNAs. Analysis of coexpression networks revealed that among the regulatory modules are networks containing lncRNAs and protein-coding genes related to oil biosynthesis indicating a possible role of lncRNAs in the control of lipid metabolism. One such example is that several lncRNAs are potential regulators of BnaC08g11970D that encodes oleosin1, a protein found in oil bodies and involved in seed lipid accumulation. We also observed that the expression levels of B. napus lncRNAs is positively correlated with their conservation levels. Conclusions We demonstrated that the B. napus genome has a large number of lncRNA and that these lncRNAs are expressed broadly across many developmental times and in different tissue types. We also provide evidence indicating that specific lncRNAs appear to be important regulators of lipid biosynthesis forming regulatory networks with transcripts involved in lipid biosynthesis. We also provide evidence that these lncRNAs are conserved in other species of the Brassicaceae family. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5117-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuijin Hua
- Institute of Crop and Utilization of Nuclear Technology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences & Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chuyu Ye
- Institute of Crop Sciences & Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Longhua Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences & Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Qian-Hao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Longjiang Fan
- Institute of Crop Sciences & Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences & Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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180
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Rosli R, Chan PL, Chan KL, Amiruddin N, Low ETL, Singh R, Harwood JL, Murphy DJ. In silico characterization and expression profiling of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase gene family (DGAT1, DGAT2, DGAT3 and WS/DGAT) from oil palm, Elaeis guineensis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 275:84-96. [PMID: 30107884 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) (diacylglycerol:acyl-CoA acyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.20) are a key group of enzymes that catalyse the final and usually the most important rate-limiting step of triacylglycerol biosynthesis in plants and other organisms. Genes encoding four distinct functional families of DGAT enzymes have been characterised in the genome of the African oil palm, Elaeis guineensis. The contrasting features of the various isoforms within the four families of DGAT genes, namely DGAT1, DGAT2, DGAT3 and WS/DGAT are presented both in the oil palm itself and, for comparative purposes, in 12 other oil crop or model/related plants, namely Arabidopsis thaliana, Brachypodium distachyon, Brassica napus, Elaeis oleifera, Glycine max, Gossypium hirsutum, Helianthus annuus, Musa acuminata, Oryza sativa, Phoenix dactylifera, Sorghum bicolor, and Zea mays. The oil palm genome contains respectively three, two, two and two distinctly expressed functional copies of the DGAT1, DGAT2, DGAT3 and WS/DGAT genes. Phylogenetic analyses of the four DGAT families showed that the E. guineensis genes tend to cluster with sequences from P. dactylifera and M. acuminata rather than with other members of the Commelinid monocots group, such as the Poales which include the major cereal crops such as rice and maize. Comparison of the predicted DGAT protein sequences with other animal and plant DGATs was consistent with the E. guineensis DGAT1 being ER located with its active site facing the lumen while DGAT2, although also ER located, had a predicted cytosol-facing active site. In contrast, DGAT3 and some (but not all) WS/DGAT in E. guineensis are predicted to be soluble, cytosolic enzymes. Evaluation of E. guineensis DGAT gene expression in different tissues and developmental stages suggests that the four DGAT groups have distinctive physiological roles and are particularly prominent in developmental processes relating to reproduction, such as flowering, and in fruit/seed formation especially in the mesocarp and endosperm tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozana Rosli
- Genomics and Computational Biology Research Group, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, United Kingdom; Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pek-Lan Chan
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kuang-Lim Chan
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nadzirah Amiruddin
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eng-Ti Leslie Low
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rajinder Singh
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Denis J Murphy
- Genomics and Computational Biology Research Group, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, United Kingdom.
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181
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Xu Y, Caldo KMP, Pal-Nath D, Ozga J, Lemieux MJ, Weselake RJ, Chen G. Properties and Biotechnological Applications of Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol Acyltransferase and Phospholipid:diacylglycerol Acyltransferase from Terrestrial Plants and Microalgae. Lipids 2018; 53:663-688. [PMID: 30252128 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the major storage lipid in most terrestrial plants and microalgae, and has great nutritional and industrial value. Since the demand for vegetable oil is consistently increasing, numerous studies have been focused on improving the TAG content and modifying the fatty-acid compositions of plant seed oils. In addition, there is a strong research interest in establishing plant vegetative tissues and microalgae as platforms for lipid production. In higher plants and microalgae, TAG biosynthesis occurs via acyl-CoA-dependent or acyl-CoA-independent pathways. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the last and committed step in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of TAG, which appears to represent a bottleneck in oil accumulation in some oilseed species. Membrane-bound and soluble forms of DGAT have been identified with very different amino-acid sequences and biochemical properties. Alternatively, TAG can be formed through acyl-CoA-independent pathways via the catalytic action of membrane-bound phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT). As the enzymes catalyzing the terminal steps of TAG formation, DGAT and PDAT play crucial roles in determining the flux of carbon into seed TAG and thus have been considered as the key targets for engineering oil production. Here, we summarize the most recent knowledge on DGAT and PDAT in higher plants and microalgae, with the emphasis on their physiological roles, structural features, and regulation. The development of various metabolic engineering strategies to enhance the TAG content and alter the fatty-acid composition of TAG is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Kristian Mark P Caldo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Dipasmita Pal-Nath
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Jocelyn Ozga
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
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182
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Abstract
Studying seed oil metabolism. The seeds of higher plants represent valuable factories capable of converting photosynthetically derived sugars into a variety of storage compounds, including oils. Oils are the most energy-dense plant reserves and fatty acids composing these oils represent an excellent nutritional source. They supply humans with much of the calories and essential fatty acids required in their diet. These oils are then increasingly being utilized as renewable alternatives to petroleum for the chemical industry and for biofuels. Plant oils therefore represent a highly valuable agricultural commodity, the demand for which is increasing rapidly. Knowledge regarding seed oil production is extensively exploited in the frame of breeding programs and approaches of metabolic engineering for oilseed crop improvement. Complementary aspects of this research include (1) the study of carbon metabolism responsible for the conversion of photosynthetically derived sugars into precursors for fatty acid biosynthesis, (2) the identification and characterization of the enzymatic actors allowing the production of the wide set of fatty acid structures found in seed oils, and (3) the investigation of the complex biosynthetic pathways leading to the production of storage lipids (waxes, triacylglycerols). In this review, we outline the most recent developments in our understanding of the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms of seed oil production, focusing on fatty acids and oils that can have a significant impact on the emerging bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Baud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France.
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183
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Xiu Y, Wu G, Tang W, Peng Z, Bu X, Chao L, Yin X, Xiong J, Zhang H, Zhao X, Ding J, Ma L, Wang H, van Staden J. Oil biosynthesis and transcriptome profiles in developing endosperm and oil characteristic analyses in Paeonia ostii var. lishizhenii. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 228:121-133. [PMID: 29902680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Paeonia ostii var. lishizhenii, a well-known medicinal and horticultural plant, is indigenous to China. Recent studies have shown that its seed has a high oil content, and it was approved as a novel resource of edible oil with a high level of α-linolenic acid by the Chinese Government. This study measured the seed oil contents and fatty acid components of P. ostii var. lishizhenii and six other peonies, P. suffruticosa, P. ludlowii, P. decomposita, P. rockii, and P. lactiflora Pall. 'Heze' and 'Gansu'. The results show that P. ostii var. lishizhenii exhibits the average oil characteristics of tested peonies, with an oil content of 21.3%, α-linolenic acid 43.8%, and unsaturated fatty acids around 92.1%. Hygiene indicators for the seven peony seed oils met the Chinese national food standards. P. ostii var. lishizhenii seeds were used to analyze transcriptome gene regulation networks on endosperm development and oil biosynthesis. In total, 124,117 transcripts were obtained from six endosperm developing stages (S0-S5). The significant changes in differential expression genes (DEGs) clarify three peony endosperm developmental phases: the endosperm cell mitotic phase (S0-S1), the TAG biosynthesis phase (S1-S4), and the mature phase (S5). The DEGs in plant hormone signal transduction, DNA replication, cell division, differentiation, transcription factors, and seed dormancy pathways regulate the endosperm development process. Another 199 functional DEGs participate in glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, citrate cycle, FA biosynthesis, TAG assembly, and other pathways. A key transcription factor (WRI1) and some important target genes (ACCase, FATA, LPCAT, FADs, and DGAT etc.) were found in the comprehensive genetic networks of oil biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Guodong Wu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wensi Tang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | | | - Xiangpan Bu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Longjun Chao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Peonature Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 101301, China.
| | - Xue Yin
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiannan Xiong
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Haiwu Zhang
- Forestry Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China.
| | | | - Jing Ding
- Jiangsu Guosetianxiang Oil Peony Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213000, China.
| | - Lvyi Ma
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Huafang Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Johannes van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa.
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184
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Jacques F, Rippa S, Perrin Y. Physiology of L-carnitine in plants in light of the knowledge in animals and microorganisms. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:432-440. [PMID: 30080631 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
L-carnitine is present in all living kingdoms where it acts in diverse physiological processes. It is involved in lipid metabolism in animals and yeasts, notably as an essential cofactor of fatty acid intracellular trafficking. Its physiological significance is poorly understood in plants, but L-carnitine may be linked to fatty acid metabolism among other roles. Indeed, carnitine transferases activities and acylcarnitines are measured in plant tissues. Current knowledge of fatty acid trafficking in plants rules out acylcarnitines as intermediates of the peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism, unlike in animals and yeasts. Instead, acylcarnitines could be involved in plastidial exportation of de novo fatty acid, or importation of fatty acids into the ER, for synthesis of specific glycerolipids. L-carnitine also contributes to cellular maintenance though antioxidant and osmolyte properties in animals and microbes. Recent data indicate similar features in plants, together with modulation of signaling pathways. The biosynthesis of L-carnitine in the plant cell shares similar precursors as in the animal and yeast cells. The elucidation of the biosynthesis pathway of L-carnitine, and the identification of the enzymes involved, is today essential to progress further in the comprehension of its biological significance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Jacques
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 7025 Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS, 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Sonia Rippa
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 7025 Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS, 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Yolande Perrin
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 7025 Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS, 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France.
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185
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Venkateshwari V, Vijayakumar A, Vijayakumar AK, Reddy LPA, Srinivasan M, Rajasekharan R. Leaf lipidome and transcriptome profiling of Portulaca oleracea: characterization of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase. PLANTA 2018; 248:347-367. [PMID: 29736624 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Portulaca leaves serve as an alternative bioresource for edible PUFAs. Transcriptome data provide information to explore Portulaca as a model system for galactolipids, leaf lipid metabolism, and PUFA-rich designer lipids. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are gaining importance due to their innumerable health benefits, and hence, understanding their biosynthesis in plants has attained prominence in recent years. The most common source of PUFAs is of marine origin. Although reports have identified Portulaca oleracea (purslane) as a leaf source of omega-3 fatty acids in the form of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the mechanism of ALA accumulation and its distribution into various lipids has not been elucidated. Here, we present the lipid profiles of leaves and seeds of several accessions of P. oleracea. Among the nineteen distinct accessions, the RR04 accession has the highest amount of ALA and is primarily associated with galactolipids. In addition, we report the transcriptome of RR04, and we have mapped the potential genes involved in lipid metabolism. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the major site of acyl editing, which is catalyzed by lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT), an integral membrane protein that plays a major role in supplying oleate to the PC pool for further unsaturation. Our investigations using mass spectrometric analysis of leaf microsomal fractions identified LPCAT as part of a membrane protein complex. Both native and recombinant LPCAT showed strong acyltransferase activity with various acyl-CoA substrates. Altogether, the results suggest that ALA-rich glycerolipid biosynthetic machinery is highly active in nutritionally important Portulaca leaves. Furthermore, lipidome, transcriptome, and mass spectrometric analyses of RR04 provide novel information for exploring Portulaca as a potential resource and a model system for studying leaf lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varadarajan Venkateshwari
- Department of Lipid Science, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, Karnataka, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Anitha Vijayakumar
- Department of Lipid Science, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun Kumar Vijayakumar
- Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - L Prasanna Anjaneya Reddy
- Department of Lipid Science, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Malathi Srinivasan
- Department of Lipid Science, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, Karnataka, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ram Rajasekharan
- Department of Lipid Science, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, Karnataka, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
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186
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Kong Q, Ma W. WRINKLED1 transcription factor: How much do we know about its regulatory mechanism? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 272:153-156. [PMID: 29807586 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Many plant species produce and build up triacylglycerol (TAG) in their seeds as a main resource to provide carbon and energy during seedling development. Plant seed oils are important not only for human diets but also as renewable feedstock of industrial uses. WRINKLED1 (WRI1), an APETALA2 (AP2) transcription factor, plays an essential role in the transcriptional regulation of TAG biosynthesis as WRI1 regulates the expression of key genes in the glycolytic and fatty acid biosynthetic pathways. Recent work has identified intrinsic structural disorder in WRI1 that may affect the stability of the protein. Furthermore, WRI1 activity is modulated by post-translational modifications and interacting partners. These progresses shed light on regulatory functions of WRI1 at the molecular levels, paving new paths to the use of WRI1 for bioengineering of TAG in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Que Kong
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore.
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187
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Tian Y, Lv X, Xie G, Zhang J, Xu Y, Chen F. Seed-specific overexpression of AtFAX1 increases seed oil content in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:370-375. [PMID: 29654768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of plant seed oil is accomplished through the coordinate action of multiple enzymes in multiple subcellular compartments. Fatty acid (FA) has to be transported from plastid to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for TAG synthesis. However, the role of plastid FA transportation during seed oil accumulation has not been evaluated. AtFAX1 (Arabidopsis fatty acid export1) mediated the FA export from plastid. In this study, we overexpressed AtFAX1 under the control of a seed specific promoter in Arabidopsis. The resultant overexpression lines (OEs) produced seeds which contained 21-33% more oil and 24-30% more protein per seed than those of the wild type (WT). The increased oil content was probably because of the enhanced FA and TAG synthetic activity. The seed size and weight were both increased accordingly. In addition, the seed number per silique and silique number per plant had no changes in transgenic plants. Taken together, our results demonstrated that seed specific overexpression of AtFAX1 could promote oil accumulation in Arabidopsis seeds and manipulating FA transportation is a feasible strategy for increasing the seed oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshuai Tian
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xueyan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guilan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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188
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Chen L, Zheng Y, Dong Z, Meng F, Sun X, Fan X, Zhang Y, Wang M, Wang S. Soybean (Glycine max) WRINKLED1 transcription factor, GmWRI1a, positively regulates seed oil accumulation. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:401-415. [PMID: 29138932 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is the world's most important leguminous crop producing high-quality protein and oil. Elevating oil accumulation in soybean seed is always many researchers' goal. WRINKLED1 (WRI1) encodes a transcription factor of the APETALA2/ethylene responsive element-binding protein (AP2/EREBP) family that plays important roles during plant seed oil accumulation. In this study, we isolated and characterized three distinct orthologues of WRI1 in soybean (Glycine max) that display different organ-specific expression patterns, among which GmWRI1a was highly expressed in maturing soybean seed. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and yeast one-hybrid experiments demonstrated that the GmWRI1a protein was capable of binding to AW-box, a conserved sequence in the proximal upstream regions of many genes involved in various steps of oil biosynthesis. Transgenic soybean seeds overexpressing GmWRI1a under the control of the seed-specific napin promoter showed the increased total oil and fatty acid content and the changed fatty acid composition. Furthermore, basing on the activated expressions in transgenic soybean seeds and existence of AW-box element in the promoter regions, direct downstream genes of GmWRI1a were identified, and their products were responsible for fatty acid production, elongation, desaturation and export from plastid. We conclude that GmWRI1a transcription factor can positively regulate oil accumulation in soybean seed by a complex gene expression network related to fatty acid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Dong
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fanfan Meng
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingmiao Sun
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhong Fan
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuming Wang
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.
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189
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Minina EA, Moschou PN, Vetukuri RR, Sanchez-Vera V, Cardoso C, Liu Q, Elander PH, Dalman K, Beganovic M, Lindberg Yilmaz J, Marmon S, Shabala L, Suarez MF, Ljung K, Novák O, Shabala S, Stymne S, Hofius D, Bozhkov PV. Transcriptional stimulation of rate-limiting components of the autophagic pathway improves plant fitness. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1415-1432. [PMID: 29365132 PMCID: PMC6019011 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a major catabolic process whereby autophagosomes deliver cytoplasmic content to the lytic compartment for recycling. Autophagosome formation requires two ubiquitin-like systems conjugating Atg12 with Atg5, and Atg8 with lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), respectively. Genetic suppression of these systems causes autophagy-deficient phenotypes with reduced fitness and longevity. We show that Atg5 and the E1-like enzyme, Atg7, are rate-limiting components of Atg8-PE conjugation in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of ATG5 or ATG7 stimulates Atg8 lipidation, autophagosome formation, and autophagic flux. It also induces transcriptional changes opposite to those observed in atg5 and atg7 mutants, favoring stress resistance and growth. As a result, ATG5- or ATG7-overexpressing plants exhibit increased resistance to necrotrophic pathogens and oxidative stress, delayed aging and enhanced growth, seed set, and seed oil content. This work provides an experimental paradigm and mechanistic insight into genetic stimulation of autophagy in planta and shows its efficiency for improving plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Minina
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: and
| | - Panagiotis N Moschou
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ramesh R Vetukuri
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Victoria Sanchez-Vera
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Catarina Cardoso
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Qinsong Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pernilla H Elander
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Dalman
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mirela Beganovic
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Sofia Marmon
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Lana Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Maria F Suarez
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Bioquimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos, Malaga, Spain
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (AS CR), Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Sten Stymne
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Daniel Hofius
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter V Bozhkov
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: and
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190
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Bioactivity and biotechnological production of punicic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3537-3549. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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191
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Toyoshima M, Sato N. Optimization of triacylglycerol and starch production in Chlamydomonas debaryana NIES-2212 with regard to light intensity and CO2 concentration. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2018; 164:359-368. [PMID: 29458672 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) and starch produced by micro-algae are potential sources of biofuel. Our previous studies showed that the unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas debaryana NIES-2212, which is a rare species of Chlamydomonas that possesses phosphatidylcholine (PC), is a seed organism for the development of biofuel producers. This alga accumulates large amounts of TAG and starch under completely photo-autotrophic conditions during stationary phase without nutrient deprivation. The present study was performed to optimize the growth conditions of this alga with regard to light intensity and CO2 concentration to improve the efficiency of TAG and starch production. The growth rate of C. debaryana was greater at higher light intensity, although there was no significant difference in the final cell density of the culture. The highest contents of TAG and starch, approximately 200 fmol cell-1 and 600 pg cell-1, respectively, were achieved with a light intensity of 200 µmol m-2 s-1 bubbled with air containing 5.0 % CO2. These results suggest that optimization of light intensity and CO2 concentration can enhance the productivity of TAG and starch by C. debaryana NIES-2212.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Toyoshima
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.,Present address: Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Sato
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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192
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Evolution of the Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis Pathways in Green Algae: Combinatorial Diversity of Methyltransferases. J Mol Evol 2018; 86:68-76. [PMID: 29330556 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-017-9826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is one of the most common phospholipids in eukaryotes, although some green algae such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are known to lack PC. Recently, we detected PC in four species in the genus Chlamydomonas: C. applanata NIES-2202, C. asymmetrica NIES-2207, C. debaryana NIES-2212, and C. sphaeroides NIES-2242. To reveal the PC biosynthesis pathways in green algae and the evolutionary scenario involved in their diversity, we analyzed the PC biosynthesis genes in these four algae using draft genome sequences. Homology searches suggested that PC in these species is synthesized by phosphoethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PEAMT) and/or phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PEMT), both of which are absent in C. reinhardtii. Recombinant PEAMTs from these algae showed methyltransferase activity for phosphoethanolamine but not for monomethyl phosphoethanolamine in vitro, in contrast to land plant PEAMT, which catalyzes the three methylations from phosphoethanolamine to phosphocholine. This suggested an involvement of other methyltransferases in PC biosynthesis. Here, we characterized the putative phospholipid-N-methyltransferase (PLMT) genes of these species by genetic and phylogenetic analysis. Complementation assays using a PC biosynthesis-deficient yeast suggested that the PLMTs of these algae can synthesize PC from phosphatidylethanolamine. These results indicated that the PC biosynthesis pathways in green algae differ from those of land plants, although the enzymes involved are homologous. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the PEAMTs and PLMTs in these algae were inherited from the common ancestor of green algae. The absence of PC biosynthesis in many Chlamydomonas species is likely a result of parallel losses of PEAMT and PLMT in this genus.
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193
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Wang L, Du X, Feng Y, Liu P, Zhu J, Zhang L, Du H, Ma M, Li F. Ectopic expression of EuWRI1, encoding a transcription factor in E. ulmoides, changes the seeds oil content in transgenic tobacco. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:337-346. [PMID: 29314787 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The WRINKLED1 (WRI1) gene is a well-established key transcriptional regulator involved in the regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis in developing seeds. In this study, a new WRI1 gene was isolated from seeds of Eucommia ulmoides and named EuWRI1. A close link between gibberellins signaling and EuWRI1 gene expression was suggested in this study. Functional characterization of EuWRI1 was elucidated through seed-specific expression in tobacco. In transgenic tobacco, the expression of EuWRI1 in eight independent transgenic lines was detected by semiquantitative RT-PCR. The relative mRNA accumulation of genes encoding enzymes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis (biotin carboxyl carrier protein and keto-ACP synthase 1) was also assayed in tobacco seeds. Analysis of the seeds oil content and starch content indicated that the transgenic lines showed a significant increase in seeds oil content, whereas starch content decreased significantly. Further analysis of the fatty acid composition revealed that palmitic acid (16:0), linoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3) increased significantly in seeds of transgenic tobacco lines, but stearic acid (18:0) levels significantly declined. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:337-346, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Paulownia Research and Development Center, State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Xilong Du
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanzhi Feng
- Paulownia Research and Development Center, State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Panfeng Liu
- Paulownia Research and Development Center, State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Jingle Zhu
- Paulownia Research and Development Center, State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Hongyan Du
- Paulownia Research and Development Center, State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Mingguo Ma
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fangdong Li
- Paulownia Research and Development Center, State Forestry Administration, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
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194
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Ji XJ, Mao X, Hao QT, Liu BL, Xue JA, Li RZ. Splice Variants of the Castor WRI1 Gene Upregulate Fatty Acid and Oil Biosynthesis When Expressed in Tobacco Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E146. [PMID: 29303957 PMCID: PMC5796095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant-specific WRINKLED1 (WRI1) is a member of the AP2/EREBP class of transcription factors that positively regulate oil biosynthesis in plant tissues. Limited information is available for the role of WRI1 in oil biosynthesis in castor bean (Ricinus connunis L.), an important industrial oil crop. Here, we report the identification of two alternatively spliced transcripts of RcWRI1, designated as RcWRI1-A and RcWRI1-B. The open reading frames of RcWRI1-A (1341 bp) and RcWRI1-B (1332 bp) differ by a stretch of 9 bp, such that the predicted RcWRI1-B lacks the three amino acid residues "VYL" that are present in RcWRI1-A. The RcWRI1-A transcript is present in flowers, leaves, pericarps and developing seeds, while the RcWRI1-B mRNA is only detectable in developing seeds. When the two isoforms were individually introduced into an Arabidopsiswri1-1 loss-of-function mutant, total fatty acid content was almost restored to the wild-type level, and the percentage of the wrinkled seeds was largely reduced in the transgenic lines relative to the wri1-1 mutant line. Transient expression of each RcWRI1 splice isoform in N. benthamiana leaves upregulated the expression of the WRI1 target genes, and consequently increased the oil content by 4.3-4.9 fold when compared with the controls, and RcWRI1-B appeared to be more active than RcWRI1-A. Both RcWRI1-A and RcWRI1-B can be used as a key transcriptional regulator to enhance fatty acid and oil biosynthesis in leafy biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Jie Ji
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
| | - Xue Mao
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
| | - Qing-Ting Hao
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
| | - Bao-Ling Liu
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
| | - Jin-Ai Xue
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
| | - Run-Zhi Li
- Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
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195
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Lin P, Wang K, Zhou C, Xie Y, Yao X, Yin H. Seed Transcriptomics Analysis in Camellia oleifera Uncovers Genes Associated with Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010118. [PMID: 29301285 PMCID: PMC5796067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Camellia oleifera is a major tree species for producing edible oil. Its seed oil is well known for the high level of oleic acids; however, little is known regarding the molecular mechanism of lipid biosynthesis in C. oleifera. Here, we measured the oil contents and fatty acid (FA) compositions at four developmental stages and investigated the global gene expression profiles through transcriptomics sequencing. We identified differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) among the developmental stages and found that the distribution of numbers of DEGs was associated with the accumulation pattern of seed oil. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed some critical biological processes related to oil accumulation, including lipid metabolism and phosphatidylcholine metabolism. Furthermore, we investigated the expression patterns of lipid biosynthesis genes. We showed that most of the genes were identified with single or multiple copies, and some had correlated profiles along oil accumulation. We proposed that the higher levels of stearoyl-ACP desaturases (SADs) coupled with lower activities of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) might be responsive to the boost of oleic acid at the late stage of C. oleifera seeds’ development. This work presents a comprehensive transcriptomics study of C. oleifera seeds and uncovers valuable DEGs that are associated with the seed oil accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lin
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| | - Kailiang Wang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| | - Changfu Zhou
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Yunhai Xie
- Forestry Seedling Management Station of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, China.
| | - Xiaohua Yao
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| | - Hengfu Yin
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China.
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196
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Pellaud S, Bory A, Chabert V, Romanens J, Chaisse-Leal L, Doan AV, Frey L, Gust A, Fromm KM, Mène-Saffrané L. WRINKLED1 and ACYL-COA:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 regulate tocochromanol metabolism in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:245-260. [PMID: 29105089 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms such as plants, algae and some cyanobacteria synthesize tocochromanols, a group of compounds that encompasses tocopherols and tocotrienols and that exhibits vitamin E activity in animals. While most vitamin E biosynthetic genes have been identified in plant genomes, regulatory genes controlling tocopherol accumulation are currently unknown. We isolated by forward genetics Arabidopsis enhanced vitamin E (eve) mutants that overaccumulate the classic tocopherols and plastochromanol-8, and a tocochromanol unknown in this species. We mapped eve1 and eve4, and identified the unknown Arabidopsis tocochromanol by using a combination of analytical tools. In addition, we determined its biosynthetic pathway with a series of tocochromanol biosynthetic mutants and transgenic lines. eve1 and eve4 are two seed lipid mutants affecting the WRINKLED1 (WRI1) and ACYL-COA:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (DGAT1) genes, respectively. The unknown tocochromanol is 11'-12' γ-tocomonoenol, whose biosynthesis is VITAMIN E 1 (VTE1) - and VTE2-dependent and is initiated by the condensation of homogentisate (HGA) and tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. This study identifies the first two regulatory genes, WRI1 and DGAT1, that control the synthesis of all tocochromanol forms in seeds, and shows the existence of a metabolic trade-off between lipid and tocochromanol metabolisms. Moreover, it shows that Arabidopsis possesses a tocomonoenol biosynthetic pathway that competes with tocopherol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Pellaud
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musée 10, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Bory
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musée 10, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Chabert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musée, 9, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Romanens
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musée 10, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laurie Chaisse-Leal
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musée 10, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anh Vu Doan
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musée 10, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Frey
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musée 10, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Gust
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, ZMBP - Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina M Fromm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musée, 9, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Mène-Saffrané
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musée 10, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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197
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Zhang QY, Yu R, Xie LH, Rahman MM, Kilaru A, Niu LX, Zhang YL. Fatty Acid and Associated Gene Expression Analyses of Three Tree Peony Species Reveal Key Genes for α-Linolenic Acid Synthesis in Seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:106. [PMID: 29459881 PMCID: PMC5807371 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for healthy edible oil has generated the need to identify promising oil crops. Tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) is a woody oil crop with α-linolenic acid (ALA) contributing for 45% of the total fatty acid (FA) content in seeds. Molecular and genetic differences that contribute to varied FA content and composition among the wild peony species are, however, poorly understood. Analyses of FA content and composition during seed development in three tree peony species (Paeonia rockii, P. potaninii, and P. lutea) showed varied FA content among them with highest in P. rockii, followed by P. potaninii, and P. lutea. Total FA content among these species increased with seed development and reached its maximum in its final stage. Seed FA composition analysis of the three species also revealed that ALA (C18:3) was the most abundant, followed by oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acids. Additionally, quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses of 10 key seed oil synthesis genes in the three tree peony species revealed that FAD3, FAD2, β-PDHC, LPAAT, and Oleosin gene expression levels positively correlate with total FA content and rate of accumulation. Specifically, the abundance of FAD3 transcripts in P. rockii compared with P. potaninii, and P. lutea suggests that FAD3 might play an important role in synthesis of ALA via phosphatidylcholine-derived pathway. Overall, comparative analyses of FA content and composition in three different peony species revealed a correlation between efficient lipid accumulation and lipid gene expression during seed development. Further characterization and metabolic engineering of these key genes from peonies will allow for subsequent improvement of tree peony oil quality and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Rui Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Li-Hang Xie
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Aruna Kilaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Li-Xin Niu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Long Zhang, ; Li-Xin Niu,
| | - Yan-Long Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Long Zhang, ; Li-Xin Niu,
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198
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Hayes M, Choudhary V, Ojha N, Shin JJ, Han GS, Carman GM, Loewen CJ, Prinz WA, Levine T. Fat storage-inducing transmembrane (FIT or FITM) proteins are related to lipid phosphatase/phosphotransferase enzymes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 5:88-103. [PMID: 29417057 PMCID: PMC5798408 DOI: 10.15698/mic2018.02.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fat storage-inducing transmembrane (FIT or FITM) proteins have been implicated in the partitioning of triacylglycerol to lipid droplets and the budding of lipid droplets from the ER. At the molecular level, the sole relevant interaction is that FITMs directly bind to triacyglycerol and diacylglycerol, but how they function at the molecular level is not known. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two FITM homologues: Scs3p and Yft2p. Scs3p was initially identified because deletion leads to inositol auxotrophy, with an unusual sensitivity to addition of choline. This strongly suggests a role for Scs3p in phospholipid biosynthesis. Looking at the FITM family as widely as possible, we found that FITMs are widespread throughout eukaryotes, indicating presence in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. Protein alignments also showed that FITM sequences contain the active site of lipid phosphatase/phosphotransferase (LPT) enzymes. This large family transfers phosphate-containing headgroups either between lipids or in exchange for water. We confirmed the prediction that FITMs are related to LPTs by showing that single amino-acid substitutions in the presumptive catalytic site prevented their ability to rescue growth of the mutants on low inositol/high choline media when over-expressed. The substitutions also prevented rescue of other phenotypes associated with loss of FITM in yeast, including mistargeting of Opi1p, defective ER morphology, and aberrant lipid droplet budding. These results suggest that Scs3p, Yft2p and FITMs in general are LPT enzymes involved in an as yet unknown critical step in phospholipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hayes
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology. 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Vineet Choudhary
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Namrata Ojha
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John Jh Shin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gil-Soo Han
- Department of Food Science and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - George M Carman
- Department of Food Science and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Christopher Jr Loewen
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William A Prinz
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy Levine
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology. 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
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199
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Woodfield HK, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Haslam RP, Guschina IA, Wenk MR, Harwood JL. Using lipidomics to reveal details of lipid accumulation in developing seeds from oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1863:339-348. [PMID: 29275220 PMCID: PMC5791847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With dwindling available agricultural land, concurrent with increased demand for oil, there is much current interest in raising oil crop productivity. We have been addressing this issue by studying the regulation of oil accumulation in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L). As part of this research we have carried out a detailed lipidomic analysis of developing seeds. The molecular species distribution in individual lipid classes revealed quite distinct patterns and showed where metabolic connections were important. As the seeds developed, the molecular species distributions changed, especially in the period of early (20 days after flowering, DAF) to mid phase (27DAF) of oil accumulation. The patterns of molecular species of diacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and acyl-CoAs were used to predict the possible relative contributions of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase to triacylglycerol production. Our calculations suggest that DGAT may hold a more important role in influencing the molecular composition of TAG. Enzyme selectivity had an important influence on the final molecular species patterns. Our data contribute significantly to our understanding of lipid accumulation in the world's third most important oil crop. Lipidomic analysis of developing rapeseed seeds is reported Results show distinct differences between lipid classes Changes in molecular species distributions were found during development The data were used to evaluate the contribution of different synthetic pathways
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117587, Singapore; Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Richard P Haslam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117587, Singapore; Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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200
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Reynolds KB, Taylor MC, Cullerne DP, Blanchard CL, Wood CC, Singh SP, Petrie JR. A reconfigured Kennedy pathway which promotes efficient accumulation of medium-chain fatty acids in leaf oils. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:1397-1408. [PMID: 28301719 PMCID: PMC5633779 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA, C6-14 fatty acids) are an ideal feedstock for biodiesel and broader oleochemicals. In recent decades, several studies have used transgenic engineering to produce MCFA in seeds oils, although these modifications result in unbalance membrane lipid profiles that impair oil yields and agronomic performance. Given the ability to engineer nonseed organs to produce oils, we have previously demonstrated that MCFA profiles can be produced in leaves, but this also results in unbalanced membrane lipid profiles and undesirable chlorosis and cell death. Here we demonstrate that the introduction of a diacylglycerol acyltransferase from oil palm, EgDGAT1, was necessary to channel nascent MCFA directly into leaf oils and therefore bypassing MCFA residing in membrane lipids. This pathway resulted in increased flux towards MCFA rich leaf oils, reduced MCFA in leaf membrane lipids and, crucially, the alleviation of chlorosis. Deep sequencing of African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) generated candidate genes of interest, which were then tested for their ability to improve oil accumulation. Thioesterases were explored for the production of lauric acid (C12:0) and myristic (C14:0). The thioesterases from Umbellularia californica and Cinnamomum camphora produced a total of 52% C12:0 and 40% C14:0, respectively, in transient leaf assays. This study demonstrated that the introduction of a complete acyl-CoA-dependent pathway for the synthesis of MFCA-rich oils avoided disturbing membrane homoeostasis and cell death phenotypes. This study outlines a transgenic strategy for the engineering of biomass crops with high levels of MCFA rich leaf oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B. Reynolds
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
- Department of Primary IndustriesGraham Centre for Agricultural InnovationCharles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSWAustralia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional GrainsCharles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSWAustralia
| | - Matthew C. Taylor
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganizationLand and WaterActonACTAustralia
| | - Darren P. Cullerne
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Christopher L. Blanchard
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional GrainsCharles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSWAustralia
| | - Craig C. Wood
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
| | - Surinder P. Singh
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
| | - James R. Petrie
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
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