151
|
On the use of size exclusion chromatography for the resolution of mixed amyloid aggregate distributions: I. Equilibrium partition models. Anal Biochem 2012; 426:69-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
152
|
Rajapakse K, Drobne D, Valant J, Vodovnik M, Levart A, Marinsek-Logar R. Acclimation of Tetrahymena thermophila to bulk and nano-TiO2 particles by changes in membrane fatty acids saturation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 221-222:199-205. [PMID: 22551634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We provide experimental evidence that changes in the membrane fatty acid profile of Tetrahymena thermophila incubated with nano- or bulk TiO(2) particle are not accompanied by ROS generation or lipid peroxidation. Consequently these changes are interpreted as acclimation to unfavorable conditions and not as toxic effects. T. thermophila cells were exposed to TiO(2) particles at different concentrations for 24h at 32°C. Treatment of cultures with nano- and bulk TiO(2) particles resulted in changes of membrane fatty acid profile, indicating increased membrane rigidity, but no lipid peroxidation or ROS generation was detected. There were no differences in membrane composition when T. thermophila was exposed to nanosized or bulk-TiO(2) particles. We also observed reversible filling of food vacuoles, but this was different in case of nano- or bulk TiO(2) exposure. Our results suggest that interactions of particles and cell membranes are independent of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Rajapakse
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domzale, Slovenia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
153
|
Tabatabaei SN, Duchemin S, Girouard H, Martel S. Towards MR-navigable Nanorobotic Carriers for Drug Delivery into the Brain. IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION : ICRA : [PROCEEDINGS]. IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION 2012:727-732. [PMID: 23518572 DOI: 10.1109/icra.2012.6225041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Navigation (MRN) relies on Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) embedded in microcarriers or microrobots to allow the induction of a directional propelling force by 3-D magnetic gradients. These magnetic gradients are superposed on a sufficiently high homogeneous magnetic field (e.g. the Bo field of a MR scanner) to achieve maximum propelling force through magnetization saturation of the MNPs. As previously demonstrated by our group, such technique was successful at maintaining microcarriers along a planned trajectory in the blood vessels based on tracking information gathered using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences from artifacts caused by the same MNPs. Besides propulsion and tracking, the same MNPs can be synthesized with characteristics that can allow for the diffusion of therapeutic cargo carried by these MR-navigable carriers through the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) using localized hyperthermia without compromising the MRN capabilities. In the present study, localized hyperthermia induced by an alternating magnetic field (AC field) is investigated for the purpose of transient controlled disruption of the BBB and hence local delivery of therapeutic agents into the brain. Here, an external heating apparatus was used to impose a regional heat shock on the skull of a living mouse model. The effect of heat on the permeability of the BBB was assessed using histological observation and tissue staining by Evans blue dye. Results show direct correlation between hyperthermia and BBB leakage as well as its recovery from thermal damage. Therefore, in addition to on-command propulsion and remote tracking, the proposed navigable agents could be suitable for controlled opening of the BBB by hyperthermia and selective brain drug delivery.
Collapse
|
154
|
Mbeh DA, França R, Merhi Y, Zhang XF, Veres T, Sacher E, Yahia L. In vitro biocompatibility assessment of functionalized magnetite nanoparticles: biological and cytotoxicological effects. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:1637-46. [PMID: 22447386 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the biomedical field, nanomaterials have the potential for use in the targeted delivery of drugs in the human body and in the diagnosis and therapy of certain diseases. In the category of targeted delivery, magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) nanoparticles have received much attention. As with any similar new therapy, when such nanoparticles are functionalized with chemical groups designed to permit the specific attachment of drugs, cytotoxicological testing is necessary before moving to animal models. Here, we consider several variously functionalized magnetite nanoparticles, including those prepared with (1) a monolayer of oleic acid (Fe(3)O(4)@OA), which is subsequently converted to (2) a shell of amine-containing silane (Fe(3)O(4)@NH(2)), (3) a shell of silica (Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2)), and (4) a shell of amine-containing silane over a shell of silica (Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2)@NH(2)). These latter three functionalities were evaluated for biocompatibility, cellular morphology, mitochondrial function (MTT assay), lactate dehydrogenase membrane leakage (LDH assay), and proinflammatory potential through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for interleukin 6 (IL-6). Controlled tests were performed over a period of 72 h, with results showing LDH leakage and abnormal Il-6 secretion at high concentrations (>50 μg/mL). The tests showed that, in addition to the surface characteristics of the nanoparticles, both the nutrient medium and the time of suspension before exposure to cells also contribute to nanoparticle cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Mbeh
- Laboratory for Innovation and Analysis of Bio-Performance, École Polytechnique, CP 5079, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3A7.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
155
|
Pinkernelle J, Calatayud P, Goya GF, Fansa H, Keilhoff G. Magnetic nanoparticles in primary neural cell cultures are mainly taken up by microglia. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:32. [PMID: 22439862 PMCID: PMC3326704 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offer a large range of applications in life sciences. Applications in neurosciences are one focus of interest. Unfortunately, not all groups have access to nanoparticles or the possibility to develop and produce them for their applications. Hence, they have to focus on commercially available particles. Little is known about the uptake of nanoparticles in primary cells. Previously studies mostly reported cellular uptake in cell lines. Here we present a systematic study on the uptake of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) by primary cells of the nervous system. Results We assessed the internalization in different cell types with confocal and electron microscopy. The analysis confirmed the uptake of MNPs in the cells, probably with endocytotic mechanisms. Furthermore, we compared the uptake in PC12 cells, a rat pheochromocytoma cell line, which is often used as a neuronal cell model, with primary neuronal cells. It was found that the percentage of PC12 cells loaded with MNPs was significantly higher than for neurons. Uptake studies in primary mixed neuronal/glial cultures revealed predominant uptake of MNPs by microglia and an increase in their number. The number of astroglia and oligodendroglia which incorporated MNPs was lower and stable. Primary mixed Schwann cell/fibroblast cultures showed similar MNP uptake of both cell types, but the Schwann cell number decreased after MNP incubation. Organotypic co-cultures of spinal cord slices and peripheral nerve grafts resembled the results of the dispersed primary cell cultures. Conclusions The commercial MNPs used activated microglial phagocytosis in both disperse and organotypic culture systems. It can be assumed that in vivo application would induce immune system reactivity, too. Because of this, their usefulness for in vivo neuroscientific implementations can be questioned. Future studies will need to overcome this issue with the use of cell-specific targeting strategies. Additionally, we found that PC12 cells took up significantly more MNPs than primary neurons. This difference indicates that PC12 cells are not a suitable model for natural neuronal uptake of nanoparticles and qualify previous results in PC12 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Pinkernelle
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str, 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
156
|
Hydrophilic/hydrophobic features of TiO2 nanoparticles as a function of crystal phase, surface area and coating, in relation to their potential toxicity in peripheral nervous system. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 369:28-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
157
|
Shcherbakov AB, Ivanov VK, Zholobak NM, Ivanova OS, Krysanov EY, Baranchikov AE, Spivak NY, Tretyakov YD. Nanocrystalline ceria based materials—Perspectives for biomedical application. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350911060170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
158
|
Weir A, Westerhoff P, Fabricius L, von Goetz N. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in food and personal care products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:2242-50. [PMID: 22260395 PMCID: PMC3288463 DOI: 10.1021/es204168d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1196] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide is a common additive in many food, personal care, and other consumer products used by people, which after use can enter the sewage system and, subsequently, enter the environment as treated effluent discharged to surface waters or biosolids applied to agricultural land, incinerated wastes, or landfill solids. This study quantifies the amount of titanium in common food products, derives estimates of human exposure to dietary (nano-) TiO(2), and discusses the impact of the nanoscale fraction of TiO(2) entering the environment. The foods with the highest content of TiO(2) included candies, sweets, and chewing gums. Among personal care products, toothpastes and select sunscreens contained 1% to >10% titanium by weight. While some other crèmes contained titanium, despite being colored white, most shampoos, deodorants, and shaving creams contained the lowest levels of titanium (<0.01 μg/mg). For several high-consumption pharmaceuticals, the titanium content ranged from below the instrument detection limit (0.0001 μg Ti/mg) to a high of 0.014 μg Ti/mg. Electron microscopy and stability testing of food-grade TiO(2) (E171) suggests that approximately 36% of the particles are less than 100 nm in at least one dimension and that it readily disperses in water as fairly stable colloids. However, filtration of water solubilized consumer products and personal care products indicated that less than 5% of the titanium was able to pass through 0.45 or 0.7 μm pores. Two white paints contained 110 μg Ti/mg while three sealants (i.e., prime coat paint) contained less titanium (25 to 40 μg Ti/mg). This research showed that, while many white-colored products contained titanium, it was not a prerequisite. Although several of these product classes contained low amounts of titanium, their widespread use and disposal down the drain and eventually to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) deserves attention. A Monte Carlo human exposure analysis to TiO(2) through foods identified children as having the highest exposures because TiO(2) content of sweets is higher than other food products and that a typical exposure for a US adult may be on the order of 1 mg Ti per kilogram body weight per day. Thus, because of the millions of tons of titanium-based white pigment used annually, testing should focus on food-grade TiO(2) (E171) rather than that adopted in many environmental health and safety tests (i.e., P25), which is used in much lower amounts in products less likely to enter the environment (e.g., catalyst supports, photocatalytic coatings).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Weir
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Box 5306, Tempe, AZ 85287-5306
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Box 5306, Tempe, AZ 85287-5306
- Corresponding author: ; phone: 480-965-2885; fax: 480-965-0557
| | - Lars Fabricius
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Natalie von Goetz
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Mehdikhani-Nahrkhalaji M, Fathi MH, Mortazavi V, Mousavi SB, Hashemi-Beni B, Razavi SM. Novel nanocomposite coating for dental implant applications in vitro and in vivo evaluation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:485-495. [PMID: 22127403 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of novel bioactive, biodegradable, and antibacterial nanocomposite coating for the improvement of stem cells attachment and antibacterial activity as a candidate for dental implant applications. Poly (lactide-co-glycolide)/bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (PBGHA) nanocomposite coating was prepared via solvent casting process. The nanoparticle amounts of 10, 15, and 20 weight percent (wt%) were chosen in order to determine the optimum amount of nanoparticles suitable for preparing an uniform coating. Bioactivity and degradation of the coating with an optimum amount of nanoparticles were evaluated by immersing the prepared samples in simulated body fluid and phosphate buffer saline (PBS), respectively. The effect of nanocomposite coating on the attachment and viability of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) was investigated. Kirschner wires (K-wires) of stainless steel were coated with the PBGHA nanocomposite coating, and mechanical stability of the coating was studied during intramedullary implantation into rabbit tibiae. The results showed that using 10 wt% nanoparticles (5 wt% HA and 5 wt% BG) in the nanocomposite could provide the desired uniform coating. The study of in vitro bioactivity showed rapid formation of bone-like apatite on the PBGHA coating. It was degraded considerably after about 60 days of immersion in PBS. The hASCs showed excellent attachment and viability on the coating. PBGHA coating remained stable on the K-wires with a minimum of 96% of the original coating mass. It was concluded that PBGHA nanocomposite coating provides an ideal surface for the stem cells attachment and viability. In addition, it could induce antibacterial activity, simultaneously.
Collapse
|
160
|
Hall D. Semi-automated methods for simulation and measurement of amyloid fiber distributions obtained from transmission electron microscopy experiments. Anal Biochem 2012; 421:262-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
161
|
Schwemmer T, Baumgartner J, Faivre D, Börner HG. Peptide-mediated nanoengineering of inorganic particle surfaces: a general route toward surface functionalization via peptide adhesion domains. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2385-91. [PMID: 22239472 DOI: 10.1021/ja2104944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The peptide-mediated functionalization of inorganic particle surfaces is demonstrated on gadolinium oxide (GdO) particles, revealing specific means to functionalize nano- or microparticles. Phage display screening is exploited to select 12mer peptides, which exhibit sequence-specific adhesion onto surfaces of GdO particles. These peptide adhesion domains are exploited to effectively decorate GdO particles with fluorescently labeled poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), proving to result in a stable surface modification as shown by significant reduction of protein adsorption by 80%, compared to nonfunctionalized particles. Peptide adhesion and stability of the noncovalent coating are investigated by adsorption/elution experiments and Langmuir isotherms. Fluorescence microscopy, contact angle, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements confirmed the sequence specificity of the interactions by comparing adhesion sequences with scrambled peptide sequences. Noncovalent, but specific modification of inorganic particle surfaces represents a generic strategy to modulate functionality and function of nano- or microparticle surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Schwemmer
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
162
|
Tavakoli M, Bateni E, Rismanchian M, Fathi M, Doostmohammadi A, Rabiei A, Sadeghi H, Etebari M, Mirian M. Genotoxicity effects of nano bioactive glass and Novabone bioglass on gingival fibroblasts using single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay): An in vitro study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2012; 9:314-20. [PMID: 23087738 PMCID: PMC3469899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The greater surface of bioactive glass nanoparticles presents an incomparable and promising feature similar to the biological apatite. Nanoparticles improve cellular adhesion, enhance osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, and increase biomineralization for periodontal regeneration and dental implants. Considering the fact that interaction between periodontal cells and bone graft materials are important for periodontal lesion regeneration, the present study was undertaken to investigate the genotoxicity of a novel synthesized nanoscale bioactive glass and compared it with Novabone bioglass in periodontal fibroblasts cells, in order to approve the biocompatibility of nano bioactive glass. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro experimental study, periodontal C165 fibroblasts cells were cultured in their logarithmic phase and the genotoxicity of novel synthesized bioactive glass nanoparticles and Novabone bioglass was studied in different concentrations and a control group using Comet assay test. By using Autocomet software, three parameters (Tail length, %DNA in tail, Tail moment) were analyzed; the genotoxicity of mentioned biomaterials and control group. Obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software, Kruskal Wallis H and Mann Whitney tests (P = 0.05). RESULTS No statistically significant difference was observed between the concentrations of Novabone bioglass (P value = 0.085) with control group and novel nano bioactive glass (P value = 0.437) with control group in the evaluation of %DNA in tail parameter. There was significant difference between genotoxicity of novel nano bioactive glass and control, and between Novabone bioglass and control group in concentrations of 4 and 5 mg/ml. According to significance of the mean difference, novel nano bioactive glass showed higher genotoxicity compared to Novabone bioglass in the concentration of 5 mg/ml (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings of this study have demonstrated that novel nano bioactive glass had no genotoxicity in concentrations lower than 4 mg/ml. Nanoparticles have a higher surface area in comparison to microparticles and thus, the amount and rate of ion release for nanoparticles are extremely higher. This difference is the main reason for the different genotoxicity of nano bioactive glass and micro Novabone bioglass in the concentrations higher than 4 mg/ml.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tavakoli
- Torabinejad Dental Research Center and Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Bateni
- Torabinejad Dental Research Center and Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ensiyeh Bateni, Torabinejad Dental Research Center and Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Mansour Rismanchian
- Torabinejad Dental Research Center and Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadhossein Fathi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Biomaterials Research Group, Isfahan University of Technology, 8415683111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Doostmohammadi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Hojat Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmabiological Chemistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Etebari
- Department of Pharmacology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Mirian
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Nanocomposites for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Hydrogel-Nanoparticle Combinations for a Challenging Drug Delivery. Int J Artif Organs 2011; 34:1115-27. [DOI: 10.5301/ijao.2011.8915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are expected to strike social and health care systems of developed countries heavily in the coming decades. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (AD/PD) are the most prevalent neurodegenerative pathologies, and currently their available therapy is only symptomatic. However, innovative potential drugs are actively under development, though their efficacy is sometimes limited by poor brain bioavailability and/or sustained peripheral degradation. To partly overcome these constraints, the development of drug delivery devices made by biocompatible and easily administrable materials might be a great adjuvant. In particular, materials science can provide a powerful tool to design hydrogels and nanoparticles as basic components of more complex nanocomposites that might ameliorate drug or cell delivery in AD/PD. This kind of approach is particularly promising for intranasal delivery, which might increase brain targeting of neuroprotective molecules or proteins. Here we review these issues, with a focus on nanoparticles as nanocomponents able to carry and tune drug release in the central nervous system, without ignoring warnings concerning their potential toxicity.
Collapse
|
164
|
Hohnholt MC, Geppert M, Dringen R. Treatment with iron oxide nanoparticles induces ferritin synthesis but not oxidative stress in oligodendroglial cells. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:3946-54. [PMID: 21763792 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been used for a variety of neurobiological applications, although little is yet known as to the fate of such particles in brain cells. To address these questions, we have exposed oligodendroglial OLN-93 cells to dimercaptosuccinate-coated IONPs. Treatment of the cells strongly increased the specific cellular iron content proportional to the IONP concentrations applied (0-1000 μM total iron as IONPs) up to 300-fold, but did not cause any acute cytotoxicity or induce oxidative stress. To investigate the potential of OLN-93 cells to liberate iron from the accumulated IONPs, we have studied the upregulation of the iron storage protein ferritin and the cell proliferation as cellular processes that depend on the availability of low-molecular-weight iron. The presence of IONPs caused a concentration-dependent increase in the amount of cellular ferritin and partially bypassed the inhibition of cell proliferation by the iron chelator deferoxamine. These data demonstrate that viable OLN-93 cells efficiently take up IONPs and suggest that these cells are able to use iron liberated from accumulated IONPs for their metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela C Hohnholt
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
165
|
Nolle D, Weigand M, Schütz G, Goering E. High contrast magnetic and nonmagnetic sample current microscopy for bulk and transparent samples using soft X-rays. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2011; 17:834-842. [PMID: 21864447 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927611000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The soft X-ray energy range provides important detection capabilities for a wide range of material systems, e.g., the K-edge behavior of biological materials or magnetic contrast imaging at the L2,3- and M4,5-edges, respectively, using the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism effect. The need for thinned samples due to the short penetration depth of soft X-rays is a limiting factor for microscopic imaging in transmission microscopy. In contrast, the more surface sensitive photoelectron emission microscopy allows the X-ray microscopic investigation of nontransparent bulk samples, but only small magnetic fields and very smooth surfaces are possible. As both high magnetic fields as well as bulk samples are important for magnetic imaging, we present total electron yield (TEY) microscopy results using the total sample current detection performed at the new ultra high vacuum scanning microscope "MAXYMUS" at HZB/BESSY II. We compare synchronous measurements in TEY and transmission mode to demonstrate the capabilities of TEY microscopy. Pictures and spectra with high absorption contrast and three-dimensional-like edge enhancement are observed as known for scanning electron microscopy. This unveils details on smallest length scales of the surface morphology. Furthermore, surface sensitive in- and out-of-plane magnetic TEY measurements at nontransparent samples are shown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Nolle
- MPI for Metals Research, Department of Modern Magnetic Materials, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
166
|
Thomassen LCJ, Napierska D, Dinsdale D, Lievens N, Jammaer J, Lison D, Kirschhock CEA, Hoet PH, Martens JA. Investigation of the cytotoxicity of nanozeolites A and Y. Nanotoxicology 2011; 6:472-85. [PMID: 21950480 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.587901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized zeolite particles are important materials for many applications in the field of nanotechnology. The possible adverse effects of these nanomaterials on human health have been scarcely investigated and remain largely unknown. This study reports the synthesis of nanozeolites Y and A with particle sizes of 25-100 nm and adequate colloidal stability for in vitro cytotoxicity experiments. The cytotoxic response of macrophages, epithelial and endothelial cells to these nanocrystals was assessed by determining mitochondrial activity (MTT assay) and cell membrane integrity (LDH leakage assay). After 24 h of exposure, no significant cytotoxic activity was detected for nanozeolite doses up to 500 μg/ml. The addition of fetal calf serum to the cell culture medium during exposure did not significantly change this low response. The nanozeolites showed low toxicity compared with monodisperse amorphous silica nanoparticles of similar size (60 nm). These results may contribute to the application of safe nanozeolites for purposes such as medical imaging, sensing materials, low-k films and molecular separation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leen C J Thomassen
- Center for Surface Chemistry & Catalysis, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
167
|
Elsaesser A, Barnes CA, McKerr G, Salvati A, Lynch I, Dawson KA, Howard CV. Quantification of nanoparticle uptake by cells using an unbiased sampling method and electron microscopy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1189-98. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: By randomly sampling a known fraction of a pellet of cultured cells, we have accurately estimated the mean number of 50 nm gold nanoparticles accumulated within a single cell. Cellular nanoparticle uptake was measured using a combination of stereological sampling techniques and transmission electron microscopy. Materials & Methods: Nanoparticles were counted individually and their intracellular location was recorded. Quantifying cell and nanoparticle number by analyzing a known fraction of the sample led to precise estimates of intracellular nanoparticle numbers and their spatial locations on an ultrastructural level. We propose a simple and reliable fractionator design and show its applicability and potential using fibroblast cells exposed to 50-nm gold nanoparticles. Results & Conclusion: We demonstrate that this approach is suitable for any electron-dense nanomaterial resolvable by electron microscopy and any convex-shaped cells. In addition, the fractionator concept is flexible enough to be used for spatio–temporal or in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Elsaesser
- Nano Systems Biology Group, Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, UK
| | - Clifford A Barnes
- Nano Systems Biology Group, Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, UK
| | - George McKerr
- Nano Systems Biology Group, Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, UK
| | - Anna Salvati
- Center for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Iseult Lynch
- Center for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kenneth A Dawson
- Center for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
168
|
Kanwar JR, Sun X, Punj V, Sriramoju B, Mohan RR, Zhou SF, Chauhan A, Kanwar RK. Nanoparticles in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological disorders: untamed dragon with fire power to heal. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 8:399-414. [PMID: 21889479 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The incidence of neurological diseases of unknown etiology is increasing, including well-studied diseases such as Alzhiemer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis. The blood-brain barrier provides protection for the brain but also hinders the treatment and diagnosis of these neurological diseases, because the drugs must cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the lesions. Thus, attention has turned to developing novel and effective delivery systems that are capable of carrying drug and that provide good bioavailability in the brain. Nanoneurotechnology, particularly application of nanoparticles in drug delivery, has provided promising answers to some of these issues in recent years. Here we review the recent advances in the understanding of several common forms of neurological diseases and particularly the applications of nanoparticles to treat and diagnose them. In addition, we discuss the integration of bioinformatics and modern genomic approaches in the development of nanoparticles. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this review paper, applications of nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods and therapeutic modalities are discussed addressing a variety of neurological disorders, with special attention to blood-brain barrier delivery methods. These novel nanomedicine approaches are expected to revolutionize several aspects of clinical neurology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagat R Kanwar
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research, Centre for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Biosciences (BioDeakin), Institute for Technology & Research Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
169
|
Kaur G, Narang RK, Rath G, Goyal AK. Advances in Pulmonary Delivery of Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 40:75-96. [DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2011.592494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
170
|
Wang Y, Wang B, Zhu MT, Li M, Wang HJ, Wang M, Ouyang H, Chai ZF, Feng WY, Zhao YL. Microglial activation, recruitment and phagocytosis as linked phenomena in ferric oxide nanoparticle exposure. Toxicol Lett 2011; 205:26-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
171
|
|
172
|
Fangueiro JF, Gonzalez-Mira E, Martins-Lopes P, Egea MA, Garcia ML, Souto SB, Souto EB. A novel lipid nanocarrier for insulin delivery: production, characterization and toxicity testing. Pharm Dev Technol 2011; 18:545-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2011.591804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
173
|
Pan H, Epstein J, Silbersweig DA, Stern E. New and emerging imaging techniques for mapping brain circuitry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 67:226-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
174
|
Ai J, Biazar E, Jafarpour M, Montazeri M, Majdi A, Aminifard S, Zafari M, Akbari HR, Rad HG. Nanotoxicology and nanoparticle safety in biomedical designs. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:1117-27. [PMID: 21698080 PMCID: PMC3118686 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s16603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has wide applications in many fields, especially in the biological sciences and medicine. Nanomaterials are applied as coating materials or in treatment and diagnosis. Nanoparticles such as titania, zirconia, silver, diamonds, iron oxides, carbon nanotubes, and biodegradable polymers have been studied in diagnosis and treatment. Many of these nanoparticles may have toxic effects on cells. Many factors such as size, inherent properties, and surface chemistry may cause nanoparticle toxicity. There are methods for improving the performance and reducing toxicity of nanoparticles in medical design, such as biocompatible coating materials or biodegradable/biocompatible nanoparticles. Most metal oxide nanoparticles show toxic effects, but no toxic effects have been observed with biocompatible coatings. Biodegradable nanoparticles are also used in the efficient design of medical materials, which will be reviewed in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering. Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Esmaeil Biazar
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University – Tonekabon Branch, Mazandaran
| | - Mostafa Jafarpour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University – Tonekabon Branch, Mazandaran
| | | | - Ali Majdi
- Young Researchers Club – Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Mazandaran
| | - Saba Aminifard
- Young Researchers Club – Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Mazandaran
| | - Mandana Zafari
- Young Researchers Club – Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Mazandaran
| | - Hanie R Akbari
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University – North branch, Tehran
| | - Hadi Gh Rad
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University – Tonekabon Branch, Mazandaran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Suh WH, Kang JK, Suh YH, Tirrell M, Suslick KS, Stucky GD. Porous carbon produced in air: physicochemical properties and stem cell engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:2332-2338. [PMID: 21509830 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Won Hyuk Suh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Department, University of California-Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
176
|
Nayagam DAX, Williams RA, Chen J, Magee KA, Irwin J, Tan J, Innis P, Leung RT, Finch S, Williams CE, Clark GM, Wallace GG. Biocompatibility of immobilized aligned carbon nanotubes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:1035-1042. [PMID: 21374804 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In vivo host responses to an electrode-like array of aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs) embedded within a biopolymer sheet are reported. This biocompatibility study assesses the suitability of immobilized carbon nanotubes for bionic devices. Inflammatory responses and foreign-body histiocytic reactions are not substantially elevated when compared to negative controls following 12 weeks implantation. A fibrous capsule isolates the implanted ACNTs from the surrounding muscle tissue. Filamentous nanotube fragments are engulfed by macrophages, and globular debris is incorporated into the fibrous capsule with no further reaction. Scattered leukocytes are observed, adherent to the ACNT surface. These data indicate that there is a minimal local foreign-body response to immobilized ACNTs, that detached fragments are phagocytosed into an inert material, and that ACNTs do not attract high levels of surface fouling. Collectively, these results suggest that immobilized nanotube structures should be considered for further investigation as bionic components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A X Nayagam
- The Bionic Ear Institute, 384-388 Albert Street, East Melbourne, 3002, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
177
|
Zanette C, Pelin M, Crosera M, Adami G, Bovenzi M, Larese FF, Florio C. Silver nanoparticles exert a long-lasting antiproliferative effect on human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1053-60. [PMID: 21501681 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
For their antibacterial activity, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are largely used in various commercially available products designed to come in direct contact with the skin. In this study we investigated the effects of Ag NPs on skin using the human-derived keratinocyte HaCaT cell line model. Ag NPs caused a concentration- and time-dependent decrease of cell viability, with IC(50) values of 6.8 ± 1.3 μM (MTT assay) and 12 ± 1.2 μM (SRB assay) after 7 days of contact. A 24h treatment, followed by a 6 day recovery period in Ag NPs-free medium, reduced cell viability with almost the same potency (IC(50)s of 15.3 ± 4.6 and 35 ± 20 μM, MTT and SRB assays, respectively). Under these conditions, no evidence of induction of necrotic events (propidium iodide assay) was found. Apocynin, NADPH-oxidase inhibitor, or N(G)-monomethyl-L-argynine, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, did not prevent NPs-induced reduction of cell viability. TEM analysis of cells exposed to NPs for 24h revealed alteration of nuclear morphology but only a marginal presence of individual NPs inside the cells. These results demonstrate that on HaCaT keratinocytes a relatively short time of contact with Ag NPs causes a long-lasting inhibition of cell growth, not associated with consistent Ag NPs internalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Zanette
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgeri 7/9, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
178
|
Baca HK, Carnes EC, Ashley CE, Lopez DM, Douthit C, Karlin S, Brinker CJ. Cell-directed-assembly: directing the formation of nano/bio interfaces and architectures with living cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2011; 1810:259-67. [PMID: 20933574 PMCID: PMC3090153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The desire to immobilize, encapsulate, or entrap viable cells for use in a variety of applications has been explored for decades. Traditionally, the approach is to immobilize cells to utilize a specific functionality of the cell in the system. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review describes our recent discovery that living cells can organize extended nanostructures and nano-objects to create a highly biocompatible nano//bio interface [1]. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS We find that short chain phospholipids direct the formation of thin film silica mesophases during evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) [2], and that the introduction of cells alter the self-assembly pathway. Cells organize an ordered lipid-membrane that forms a coherent interface with the silica mesophase that is unique in that it withstands drying-yet it maintains accessibility to molecules introduced into the 3D silica host. Cell viability is preserved in the absence of buffer, making these constructs useful as standalone cell-based sensors. In response to hyperosmotic stress, the cells release water, creating a pH gradient which is maintained within the nanostructured host and serves to localize lipids, proteins, plasmids, lipidized nanocrystals, and other components at the cellular surface. This active organization of the bio/nano interface can be accomplished during ink-jet printing or selective wetting-processes allowing patterning of cellular arrays-and even spatially-defined genetic modification. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Recent advances in the understanding of nanotechnology and cell biology encourage the pursuit of more complex endeavors where the dynamic interactions of the cell and host material act symbiotically to obtain new, useful functions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Nanotechnologies - Emerging Applications in Biomedicine.
Collapse
|
179
|
Han B, Guo J, Abrahaley T, Qin L, Wang L, Zheng Y, Li B, Liu D, Yao H, Yang J, Li C, Xi Z, Yang X. Adverse effect of nano-silicon dioxide on lung function of rats with or without ovalbumin immunization. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17236. [PMID: 21359146 PMCID: PMC3040772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The great advances of nanomaterials have brought out broad important applications, but their possible nanotoxicity and risks have not been fully understood. It is confirmed that exposure of environmental particulate matter (PM), especially ultrafine PM, are responsible for many lung function impairment and exacerbation of pre-existing lung diseases. However, the adverse effect of nanoparticles on allergic asthma is seldom investigated and the mechanism remains undefined. For the first time, this work investigates the relationship between allergic asthma and nanosized silicon dioxide (nano-SiO₂). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Ovalbumin (OVA)-treated and saline-treated control rats were daily intratracheally administered 0.1 ml of 0, 40 and 80 µg/ml nano-SiO₂ solutions, respectively for 30 days. Increased nano-SiO₂ exposure results in adverse changes on inspiratory and expiratory resistance (Ri and Re), but shows insignificant effect on rat lung dynamic compliance (Cldyn). Lung histological observation reveals obvious airway remodeling in 80 µg/ml nano-SiO₂-introduced saline and OVA groups, but the latter is worse. Additionally, increased nano-SiO₂ exposure also leads to more severe inflammation. With increasing nano-SiO₂ exposure, IL-4 in lung homogenate increases and IFN-γ shows a reverse but insignificant change. Moreover, at a same nano-SiO₂ exposure concentration, OVA-treated rats exhibit higher (significant) IL-4 and lower (not significant) IFN-γ compared with the saline-treated rats. The percentages of eosinophil display an unexpected result, in which higher exposure results lower eosinophil percentages. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This was a preliminary study which for the first time involved the effect of nano-SiO₂ to OVA induced rat asthma model. The results suggested that intratracheal administration of nano-SiO₂ could lead to the airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and the airway remolding with or without OVA immunization. This occurrence may be due to the Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance accelerated by the nano-SiO₂ through increasing the tissue IL-4 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tesfamariam Abrahaley
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longjuan Qin
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuduo Zheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanchao Yao
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiwen Yang
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changming Li
- Division of Bioengineering, Nanyang Technology University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institutes of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (XY); (ZX)
| | - Xu Yang
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (XY); (ZX)
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Designed peptides as model self-assembling nanosystems: characterization and potential biomedical applications. Ther Deliv 2011; 2:193-204. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.10.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of nanomaterials via ‘molecular self-assembly’ allows one to define the properties of the nanomaterial by rational design of the individual constituents. Use of peptides for self-assembly offers the ease of design and synthesis, and provides higher biofunctionality and biocompatibility to nanomaterials. Our work focused on the synthesis, characterization and potential biomedical applications of small self-assembled peptide-based nanosystems. We demonstrated that dipeptides containing the conformational restricting residue α,β-dehydrophenylalanine, self-assembled into nanovesicular and nanotubular structures. The nanosystems could encapsulate and release anticancer drugs, showed enhanced stability to proteinase K degradation, a property crucial for them to have a high in vivo half-life, and exhibited no cytotoxicity towards cultured mammalian cells. The dipeptide nanostructures were easily taken up by cells and could evade uptake by reticuloendothelial systems when injected into healthy laboratory animals. Thus, small self-assembling peptides may offer novel scaffolds for the future design of nanostructures with potential applications in the field of drug delivery.
Collapse
|
181
|
Singamaneni S, Bliznyuk VN, Binek C, Tsymbal EY. Magnetic nanoparticles: recent advances in synthesis, self-assembly and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11845e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
182
|
McMillan J, Batrakova E, Gendelman HE. Cell delivery of therapeutic nanoparticles. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 104:563-601. [PMID: 22093229 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416020-0.00014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine seeks to manufacture drugs and other biologically relevant molecules that are packaged into nanoscale systems for improved delivery. This includes known drugs, proteins, enzymes, and antibodies that have limited clinical efficacy based on delivery, circulating half-lives, or toxicity profiles. The <100 nm nanoscale physical properties afford them a unique biologic potential for biomedical applications. Hence they are attractive systems for treatment of cancer, heart and lung, blood, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. Proposed clinical applications include tissue regeneration, cochlear and retinal implants, cartilage and joint repair, skin regeneration, antimicrobial therapy, correction of metabolic disorders, and targeted drug delivery to diseased sites including the central nervous system. The potential for cell and immune side effects has necessitated new methods for determining formulation toxicities. To realize the potential of nanomedicine from the bench to the patient bedside, our laboratories have embarked on developing cell-based carriage of drug nanoparticles to improve clinical outcomes in infectious and degenerative diseases. The past half decade has seen the development and use of cells of mononuclear phagocyte lineage, including dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages, as Trojan horses for carriage of anti-inflammatory and anti-infective medicines. The promise of this new technology and the perils in translating it for clinical use are developed and discussed in this chapter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
183
|
Fourches D, Pu D, Tassa C, Weissleder R, Shaw SY, Mumper RJ, Tropsha A. Quantitative nanostructure-activity relationship modeling. ACS NANO 2010; 4:5703-12. [PMID: 20857979 PMCID: PMC2997621 DOI: 10.1021/nn1013484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of biological effects, both desired and undesired, caused by manufactured nanoparticles (MNPs) is of critical importance for nanotechnology. Experimental studies, especially toxicological, are time-consuming, costly, and often impractical, calling for the development of efficient computational approaches capable of predicting biological effects of MNPs. To this end, we have investigated the potential of cheminformatics methods such as quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling to establish statistically significant relationships between measured biological activity profiles of MNPs and their physical, chemical, and geometrical properties, either measured experimentally or computed from the structure of MNPs. To reflect the context of the study, we termed our approach quantitative nanostructure-activity relationship (QNAR) modeling. We have employed two representative sets of MNPs studied recently using in vitro cell-based assays: (i) 51 various MNPs with diverse metal cores (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2008, 105, 7387-7392) and (ii) 109 MNPs with similar core but diverse surface modifiers (Nat. Biotechnol. 2005, 23, 1418-1423). We have generated QNAR models using machine learning approaches such as support vector machine (SVM)-based classification and k nearest neighbors (kNN)-based regression; their external prediction power was shown to be as high as 73% for classification modeling and having an R(2) of 0.72 for regression modeling. Our results suggest that QNAR models can be employed for: (i) predicting biological activity profiles of novel nanomaterials, and (ii) prioritizing the design and manufacturing of nanomaterials toward better and safer products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Fourches
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Dongqiuye Pu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Carlos Tassa
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Stanley Y. Shaw
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Russell J. Mumper
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Shameli K, Ahmad MB, Yunus WMZW, Rustaiyan A, Ibrahim NA, Zargar M, Abdollahi Y. Green synthesis of silver/montmorillonite/chitosan bionanocomposites using the UV irradiation method and evaluation of antibacterial activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2010; 5:875-87. [PMID: 21116328 PMCID: PMC2990381 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were synthesized using a green physical synthetic route into the lamellar space of montmorillonite (MMT)/chitosan (Cts) utilizing the ultraviolet (UV) irradiation reduction method in the absence of any reducing agent or heat treatment. Cts, MMT, and AgNO(3) were used as the natural polymeric stabilizer, solid support, and silver precursor, respectively. The properties of Ag/MMT/Cts bionanocomposites (BNCs) were studied as the function of UV irradiation times. UV irradiation disintegrated the Ag-NPs into smaller sizes until a relatively stable size and size distribution were achieved. Meanwhile, the crystalline structure and d-spacing of the MMT interlayer, average size and size distribution, surface morphology, elemental signal peaks, functional groups, and surface plasmon resonance of Ag/MMT/Cts BNCs were determined by powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of Ag-NPs in MMT/Cts was investigated against Gram-positive bacteria, ie, Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria (ie, Escherichia coli) by the disk diffusion method on Muller-Hinton Agar at different sizes of Ag-NPs. All of the synthesized Ag/MMT/Cts BNCs were found to have high antibacterial activity. These results show that Ag/MMT/Cts BNCs can be useful in different biologic research and biomedical applications, such as surgical devices and drug delivery vehicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Shameli
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
185
|
Thurn KT, Arora H, Paunesku T, Wu A, Brown EMB, Doty C, Kremer J, Woloschak G. Endocytosis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in prostate cancer PC-3M cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2010; 7:123-30. [PMID: 20887814 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nanotechnology has introduced many exciting new tools for the treatment of human diseases. One of the obstacles in its application to that end is the lack of a fundamental understanding of the interaction that occurs between nanoparticles and living cells. This report describes the quantitative analysis of the kinetics and endocytic pathways involved in the uptake of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles into prostate cancer PC-3M cells. The experiments were performed with TiO(2) nanoconjugates: 6-nm nanoparticles with surface-conjugated fluorescent Alizarin Red S. Results obtained by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry confirmed a complex nanoparticle-cell interaction involving a variety of endocytic mechanisms. The results demonstrated that a temperature, concentration, and time-dependent internalization of the TiO(2) nanoparticles and nanoconjugates occurred via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolin-mediated endocytosis, and macropinocytosis. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR The interaction and uptake of TiO(2) nanoparticles (6-nm) with prostate PC-3M cells was investigated and found to undergo temperature, time, and concentration dependent intracellular transport that was mediated through clathrin pits, caveolae, and macropinocytosis. These results suggest that nanoparticles may widely permeate through tissues and enter almost any active cell through a variety of biological mechanisms, posing both interesting opportunity and possible challenges for systemic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth T Thurn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
186
|
Abdelmoez AA, Thurner GC, Wallnöfer EA, Klammsteiner N, Kremser C, Talasz H, Mrakovcic M, Fröhlich E, Jaschke W, Debbage P. Albumin-based nanoparticles as magnetic resonance contrast agents: II. Physicochemical characterisation of purified and standardised nanoparticles. Histochem Cell Biol 2010; 134:171-96. [PMID: 20628754 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-010-0726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We are developing a nanoparticulate histochemical reagent designed for histochemistry in living animals (molecular imaging), which should finally be useful in clinical imaging applications. The iterative development procedure employed involves conceptual design of the reagent, synthesis and testing of the reagent, then redesign based on data from the testing; each cycle of testing and development generates a new generation of nanoparticles, and this report describes the synthesis and testing of the third generation. The nanoparticles are based on human serum albumin and the imaging modality selected is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Testing the second particle generation with newly introduced techniques revealed the presence of impurities in the final product, therefore we replaced dialysis with diafiltration. We introduced further testing methods including thin layer chromatography, arsenazo III as chromogenic assay for gadolinium, and several versions of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, for physicochemical characterisation of the nanoparticles and intermediate synthesis compounds. The high grade of chemical purity achieved by combined application of these methodologies allowed standardised particle sizes to be achieved (low dispersities), and accurate measurement of critical physicochemical parameters influencing particle size and imaging properties. Regression plots confirmed the high purity and standardisation. The good degree of quantitative physicochemical characterisation aided our understanding of the nanoparticles and allowed a conceptual model of them to be prepared. Toxicological screening demonstrated the extremely low toxicity of the particles. The high magnetic resonance relaxivities and enhanced mechanical stability of the particles make them an excellent platform for the further development of MRI molecular imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Abdelmoez
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
187
|
Chomoucka J, Drbohlavova J, Huska D, Adam V, Kizek R, Hubalek J. Magnetic nanoparticles and targeted drug delivering. Pharmacol Res 2010; 62:144-9. [PMID: 20149874 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Chomoucka
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
188
|
Silva GA. Nanotechnology applications and approaches for neuroregeneration and drug delivery to the central nervous system. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1199:221-30. [PMID: 20633128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is the science and engineering concerned with the design, synthesis, and characterization of materials and devices that have a functional organization in at least one dimension on the nanometer (i.e., one billionth of a meter) scale. The potential impact of bottom up self-assembling nanotechnology, custom made molecules that self-assemble or self-organize into higher ordered structures in response to a defined chemical or physical cue, and top down lithographic type technologies where detail is engineered at smaller scales starting from bulk materials, stems from the fact that these nanoengineered materials and devices exhibit emergent mesocale and macroscale chemical and physical properties that are often different than their constituent nanoscale building block molecules or materials. As such, applications of nanotechnology to medicine and biology allow the interaction and integration of cells and tissues with nanoengineered substrates at a molecular (i.e., subcellular) level with a very high degree of functional specificity and control. This review considers applications of nanotechnology aimed at the neuroprotection and functional regeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) following traumatic or degenerative insults, and nanotechnology approaches for delivering drugs and other small molecules across the blood-brain barrier. It also discusses developing platform technologies that may prove to have broad applications to medicine and physiology, including some being developed for rescuing or replacing anatomical and/or functional CNS structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Silva
- Departments of Bioengineering, Ophthalmology and Neurosciences Program, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Kurepa J, Paunesku T, Vogt S, Arora H, Rabatic BM, Lu J, Wanzer MB, Woloschak GE, Smalle JA. Uptake and distribution of ultrasmall anatase TiO2 Alizarin red S nanoconjugates in Arabidopsis thaliana. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:2296-302. [PMID: 20218662 PMCID: PMC2912449 DOI: 10.1021/nl903518f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
While few publications have documented the uptake of nanoparticles in plants, this is the first study describing uptake and distribution of the ultrasmall anatase TiO(2) in the plant model system Arabidopsis. We modified the nanoparticle surface with Alizarin red S and sucrose and demonstrated that nanoconjugates traversed cell walls, entered into plant cells, and accumulated in specific subcellular locations. Optical and X-ray fluorescence microscopy coregistered the nanoconjugates in cell vacuoles and nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gayle E. Woloschak
- Corresponding authors: Prof. G. E. Woloschak, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Radiology, and Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 (USA), . Prof. J. A. Smalle, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 (USA),
| | - Jan A. Smalle
- Corresponding authors: Prof. G. E. Woloschak, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Radiology, and Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 (USA), . Prof. J. A. Smalle, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 (USA),
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Hao R, Xing R, Xu Z, Hou Y, Gao S, Sun S. Synthesis, functionalization, and biomedical applications of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:2729-42. [PMID: 20473985 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 783] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles (MFMNPs) is one of the most active research areas in advanced materials. MFMNPs that have magnetic properties and other functionalities have been demonstrated to show great promise as multimodality imaging probes. Their multifunctional surfaces also allow rational conjugations of biological and drug molecules,making it possible to achieve target-specific diagnostics and therapeutics.This review fi rst outlines the synthesis of MNPs of metal oxides and alloy sand then focuses on recent developments in the fabrication of MFMNPs of core/shell, dumbbell, and composite hybrid type. It also summarizes the general strategies applied for NP surface functionalization. The review further highlights some exciting examples of these MFMNPs for multimodality imaging and for target-specific drug/gene delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hao
- Department of Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyPeking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
191
|
García I, Marradi M, Penadés S. Glyconanoparticles: multifunctional nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:777-92. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-based glyconanoparticles (GNPs) are biofunctional nanomaterials that combine the unique physical, chemical and optical properties of the metallic nucleus with the characteristics of the carbohydrate coating. The latter characteristics comprise a series of advantages that range from ensuring water solubility, biocompatibility and stability to targeting properties. The selection of suitable carbohydrates for specifically targeting biomarkers opens up the possibility to employ metallic GNPs in diagnostics and/or therapy. Within the vast nanoscience field, this review intends to focus on the advances of multifunctional and multimodal GNPs, which make use of the ‘glycocode’ to specifically address pathogens or pathological-related biomedical problems. Examples of their potential application in antiadhesion therapy and diagnosis are highlighted. From the ex vivo diagnostic perspective, it can be predicted that GNPs will soon be used clinically. However, the in vivo application of metallic GNPs in humans will probably need more time. In particular, major concerns regarding nanotoxicity need to be exhaustively addressed. However, it is expected that the sugar shell of GNPs will lower the intrinsic toxicity of metal nanoclusters better than other non-natural coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel García
- Laboratory of GlycoNanotechnology, CIC biomaGUNE/CIBER-BBN, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Pº de Miramón182, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marco Marradi
- Laboratory of GlycoNanotechnology, CIC biomaGUNE/CIBER-BBN, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Pº de Miramón182, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
192
|
Shavandi Z, Ghazanfari T, Moghaddam KN. In vitrotoxicity of silver nanoparticles on murine peritoneal macrophages. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 33:135-40. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2010.487489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
193
|
The effect of cholesterol on protein-coated gold nanoparticle binding to liquid crystal-supported models of cell membranes. Biomaterials 2010; 31:3008-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
194
|
Abstract
The last few years have been marked by real breakthroughs in the field of nanotechnology. Application of nanoparticles was proposed for diagnosis and treatment of different central nervous system diseases. Exposure to nanoparticles in vivo increases the risk of onset of neurodegenerative diseases and nanoparticles are apparently able to kill neurons in vitro. We suggested that presynaptic terminals of neurons are another target for nanoparticles, beyond the already established microglial cells. Ferritin was chosen as a prototypic nanoparticle model. We found that even a high concentration of ferritin, 800 μg/ml, was not able to induce spontaneous release of [14C]glutamate. In contrast, [14C]glutamate uptake was inhibited by ferritin in a dose-dependent fashion. As a next step, the influence of ferritin on the formation of reactive oxygen species was monitored using the fluorescent dye DCFH-DA (2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate). It was shown that ferritin leads to a dose-dependent formation of free radicals. We found that the ferritin-mediated changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission at presynaptic endings can result in neuronal damage and finally neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
195
|
Kubo S, Demir-Cakan R, Zhao L, White RJ, Titirici MM. Porous carbohydrate-based materials via hard templating. CHEMSUSCHEM 2010; 3:188-194. [PMID: 19885902 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200900126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Among various techniques, the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of biomass (either isolated carbohydrates or crude plants) is a promising candidate for the synthesis of novel carbon-based materials with a wide variety of potential applications. In this Minireview, we discuss various synthetic routes towards such porous carbon-based materials or composites through the HTC process, using the nanocasting procedure. We focus on the synthesis of carbon materials with different pore systems and morphologies directed by the presence of various nanostructured inorganic sacrificial templates. This method allows tailoring of the final structure via the tools of colloid and polymer science, leading to selectable material morphology for a wide range of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Kubo
- Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
196
|
Hu B, Wang K, Wu L, Yu SH, Antonietti M, Titirici MM. Engineering carbon materials from the hydrothermal carbonization process of biomass. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:813-28. [PMID: 20217791 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200902812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 635] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Energy shortage, environmental crisis, and developing customer demands have driven people to find facile, low-cost, environmentally friendly, and nontoxic routes to produce novel functional materials that can be commercialized in the near future. Amongst various techniques, the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process of biomass (either of isolated carbohydrates or crude plants) is a promising candidate for the synthesis of novel carbon-based materials with a wide variety of potential applications. In this Review, we will discuss various synthetic routes towards such novel carbon-based materials or composites via the HTC process of biomass. Furthermore, factors that influence the carbonization process will be analyzed and the special chemical/physical properties of the final products will be discussed. Despite the lack of a clear mechanism, these novel carbonaceous materials have already shown promising applications in many fields such as carbon fixation, water purification, fuel cell catalysis, energy storage, CO(2) sequestration, bioimaging, drug delivery, and gas sensors. Some of the most promising examples will also be discussed here, demonstrating that the HTC process can rationally design a rich family of carbonaceous and hybrid functional carbon materials with important applications in a sustainable fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
197
|
|
198
|
Abstract
Neurons in vitro are different from any other cell types in their sensitivity and complexity. Growing, differentiating, transfecting, and recording from single neurons and neuronal networks all present particular challenges. Some of the difficulties arise from the small scale of cellular structures, and have already seen substantial advances due to nanotechnology, particularly highly fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles. Other issues have less obvious solutions, but the complex and often surprising way that novel nanomaterials react with cells have suggested some revolutionary approaches. We review some of the ways nanomaterials and nanostructures can contribute to in vitro neuroscience, with a particular focus on emphasizing techniques that are widely accessible to many laboratories and on providing references to protocols and methods. The issues of nanotoxicology of greatest interest to cultured neurons are discussed. Finally, we present some future trends and challenges in nano-neuroscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4 Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
199
|
Affiliation(s)
- Reagan McRae
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Pritha Bagchi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - S. Sumalekshmy
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Christoph J. Fahrni
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Urata C, Aoyama Y, Tonegawa A, Yamauchi Y, Kuroda K. Dialysis process for the removal of surfactants to form colloidal mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5094-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b908625k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|