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Bao C, He C. The role and therapeutic potential of MSC-derived exosomes in osteoarthritis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 710:109002. [PMID: 34352243 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common painful disease with chronic articular cartilage degeneration. The pathological process of OA is complex and characterized by the imbalance between the synthesis and catabolism of chondrocytes and extracellular matrix, leading to the progressive destruction of articular cartilage damage. Because of the self-renewal and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), various exogenous MSC-based cell therapies have been developed to treat OA. Moreover, the efficacy of MSC- based therapy is mainly attributed to the paracrine of cytokines, growth factors, and exosomes. Exosomes derived from MSCs can deliver various DNAs, RNAs, proteins and lipids, thus promoting MSCs migration and cartilage repair. Therefore, MSC-derived exosomes are considered as a promising alternative therapy for OA. In this review, we summarized properties of MSC-derived exosomes and the new role of MSC-derived exosomes in the treatment of OA. We also proposed possible perspectives of MSC-derived exosomes as cell-free regenerative reagents in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncha Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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152
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Iannotta D, Yang M, Celia C, Di Marzio L, Wolfram J. Extracellular vesicle therapeutics from plasma and adipose tissue. NANO TODAY 2021; 39:101159. [PMID: 33968157 PMCID: PMC8104307 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-released lipid-bilayer nanoparticles that contain biologically active cargo involved in physiological and pathological intercellular communication. In recent years, the therapeutic potential of EVs has been explored in various disease models. In particular, mesenchymal stromal cell-derived EVs have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and pro-angiogenic properties in cardiovascular, metabolic and orthopedic conditions. However, a major drawback of EV-based therapeutics is scale-up issues due to extensive cell culture requirements and inefficient isolation protocols. An emerging alternative approach to time-consuming and costly cell culture expansion is to obtain therapeutic EVs directly from the body, for example, from plasma and adipose tissue. This review discusses isolation methods and therapeutic applications of plasma and adipose tissue-derived EVs, highlighting advantages and disadvantages compared to cell culture-derived ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Iannotta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti – Pescara “G d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Man Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti – Pescara “G d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luisa Di Marzio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti – Pescara “G d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston TX, USA
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153
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Park SM, An JH, Lee JH, Kim KB, Chae HK, Oh YI, Song WJ, Youn HY. Extracellular vesicles derived from DFO-preconditioned canine AT-MSCs reprogram macrophages into M2 phase. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254657. [PMID: 34310627 PMCID: PMC8312919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are effective therapeutic agents that ameliorate inflammation through paracrine effect; in this regard, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been frequently studied. To improve the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors from MSCs, preconditioning with hypoxia or hypoxia-mimetic agents has been attempted and the molecular changes in preconditioned MSC-derived EVs explored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the increase of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α)/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in deferoxamine (DFO)-preconditioned canine MSC (MSCDFO) and whether these molecular changes were reflected on EVs. Furthermore, we focused on MSCDFO derived EVs (EVDFO) could affect macrophage polarization via the transfer function of EVs. Results In MSCDFO, accumulation of HIF-1α were increased and production of COX-2 were activated. Also, Inside of EVDFO were enriched with COX-2 protein. To evaluate the transferring effect of EVs to macrophage, the canine macrophage cell line, DH82, was treated with EVs after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Polarization changes of DH82 were evaluated with quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence analyses. When LPS-induced DH82 was treated with EVDFO, phosphorylation of signal transducer and transcription3 (p-STAT3), which is one of key factor of inducing M2 phase, expression was increased in DH82. Furthermore, treated with EVDFO in LPS-induced DH82, the expression of M1 markers were reduced, otherwise, M2 surface markers were enhanced. Comparing with EVDFO and EVnon. Conclusion DFO preconditioning in MSCs activated the HIF-1α/COX-2 signaling pathway; Transferring COX-2 through EVDFO could effectively reprogram macrophage into M2 phase by promoting the phosphorylation of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Park
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun An
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Lee
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bo Kim
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyu Chae
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-In Oh
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Song
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (WJS); (HYY)
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (WJS); (HYY)
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Yang Y, Liu S, He C, Chen Z, Lyu T, Zeng L, Wang L, Zhang F, Chen H, Zhao RC. Long Non-coding RNA Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Homeostasis and Differentiation: Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:711005. [PMID: 34368161 PMCID: PMC8339964 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.711005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the self-renewal, multi-differentiation, immunoregulatory, and tissue maintenance properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for stem cell-based therapies. Breakthroughs have been made in uncovering MSCs as key contributors to homeostasis and the regenerative repair of tissues and organs derived from three germ layers. MSC differentiation into specialized cell types is sophisticatedly regulated, and accumulating evidence suggests long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as the master regulators of various biological processes including the maintenance of homeostasis and multi-differentiation functions through epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms. LncRNAs are ubiquitous and generally referred to as non-coding transcripts longer than 200 bp. Most lncRNAs are evolutionary conserved and species-specific; however, the weak conservation of their sequences across species does not affect their diverse biological functions. Although numerous lncRNAs have been annotated and studied, they are nevertheless only the tip of the iceberg; the rest remain to be discovered. In this review, we characterize MSC functions in homeostasis and highlight recent advances on the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in regulating MSC homeostasis and differentiation. We also discuss the current challenges and perspectives for understanding the roles of lncRNAs in MSC functions in homeostasis, which could help develop promising targets for MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), School of Basic Medicine, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Suying Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengmei He
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhilei Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Taibiao Lyu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), School of Basic Medicine, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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155
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McKay TB, Yeung V, Hutcheon AEK, Guo X, Zieske JD, Ciolino JB. Extracellular Vesicles in the Cornea: Insights from Other Tissues. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2021; 2021:9983900. [PMID: 34336556 PMCID: PMC8324376 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9983900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer-bound particles secreted by cells that have been found to be important in mediating cell-cell communication, signal transduction, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Their role in both physiological and pathological processes has been established in different tissues throughout the human body. The human cornea functions as a transparent and refractive barrier that protects the intraocular elements from the external environment. Injury, infection, or disease may cause the loss of corneal clarity by altering extracellular matrix organization within the stroma that may lead to detrimental effects on visual acuity. Over the years, numerous studies have identified many of the growth factors (e.g., transforming growth factor-β1, thrombospondin-1, and platelet-derived growth factor) important in corneal wound healing and scarring. However, the functional role of bound factors encapsulated in EVs in the context of corneal biology is less defined. In this review, we describe the discovery and characterization of EVs in the cornea. We focus on EV-matrix interactions, potential functions during corneal wound healing, and the bioactivity of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs. We also discuss the development of EVs as stable, drug-loaded therapeutics for ocular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina B. McKay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vincent Yeung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Audrey E. K. Hutcheon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - James D. Zieske
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joseph B. Ciolino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Ahmed N, Gandhi D, Melhem ER, Frenkel V. MRI Guided Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Delivery of Therapeutic Cells to the Brain: A Review of the State-of-the-Art Methodology and Future Applications. Front Neurol 2021; 12:669449. [PMID: 34220679 PMCID: PMC8248790 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.669449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell and immune cell therapies are being investigated as a potential therapeutic modality for CNS disorders, performing functions such as targeted drug or growth factor delivery, tumor cell destruction, or inflammatory regulation. Despite promising preclinical studies, delivery routes for maximizing cell engraftment, such as stereotactic or intrathecal injection, are invasive and carry risks of hemorrhage and infection. Recent developments in MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) technology have significant implications for treating focal CNS pathologies including neurodegenerative, vascular and malignant processes. MRgFUS is currently employed in the clinic for treating essential tremor and Parkinson's Disease by producing precise, incisionless, transcranial lesions. This non-invasive technology can also be modified for non-destructive applications to safely and transiently open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to deliver a range of therapeutics, including cells. This review is meant to familiarize the neuro-interventionalist with this topic and discusses the use of MRgFUS for facilitating cellular delivery to the brain. A detailed and comprehensive description is provided on routes of cell administration, imaging strategies for targeting and tracking cellular delivery and engraftment, biophysical mechanisms of BBB enhanced permeability, supportive proof-of-concept studies, and potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabid Ahmed
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, and Department of Neuroradiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dheeraj Gandhi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, and Department of Neuroradiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elias R Melhem
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, and Department of Neuroradiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Victor Frenkel
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, and Department of Neuroradiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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157
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Jin J, Ou Q, Wang Z, Tian H, Xu JY, Gao F, Hu S, Chen J, Wang J, Zhang J, Lu L, Jin C, Xu GT, Zhao J. BMSC-derived extracellular vesicles intervened the pathogenic changes of scleroderma in mice through miRNAs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:327. [PMID: 34090522 PMCID: PMC8179710 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a disease that features severe fibrosis of the skin and lacks effective therapy. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential stem cell-based tools for the treatment of SSc. Methods BMSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of mice and identified with surface markers according to multilineage differentiation. EVs were isolated from the BMSC culture medium by ultracentrifugation and identified with a Nanosight NS300 particle size analyzer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and western blot. The microRNAs (miRNAs) of BMSC-derived EVs (BMSC-EVs) were studied via miRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) and bioinformatic analysis. An SSc mouse model was established via subcutaneous bleomycin (BLM) injection, and the mice were treated with BMSCs or BMSC-derived EVs. Skin tissues were dissociated and analyzed with H&E staining, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), western blot, and immunohistochemical staining. Results Evident pathological changes, like fibrosis and inflammation, were induced in the skin of BLM-treated mice. BMSCs and BMSC-EVs effectively intervened such pathological manifestations and disease processes in a very similar way. The effects of the BMSC-EVs were found to be caused by the miRNAs they carried, which were proven to be involved in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of multiple cell types and in multiple EV-related biological processes. Furthermore, TGF-β1-positive cells and α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts were significantly increased in the scleroderma skin of BLM-treated mice but evidently reduced in the scleroderma skin of the EV-treated SSc group. In addition, the numbers of mast cells and infiltrating macrophages and lymphocytes were evidently increased in the skin of BLM-treated mice but significantly reduced by EV treatment. In line with these observations, there were significantly higher mRNA levels of the inflammatory cytokines Il6, Il10, and Tnf-α in SSc mice than in control mice, but the levels decreased following EV treatment. Through bioinformatics analysis, the TGFβ and WNT signaling pathways were revealed to be closely involved in the pathogenic changes seen in mouse SSc, and these pathways could be therapeutic targets for treating the disease. Conclusions BMSC-derived EVs could be developed as a potential therapy for treating skin dysfunction in SSc, especially considering that they show similar efficacy to BMSCs but have fewer developmental regulatory requirements than cell therapy. The effects of EVs are generated by the miRNAs they carry, which alleviate SSc pathogenic changes by regulating the WNT and TGFβ signaling pathways. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02400-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Haibin Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jing-Ying Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Furong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Shuqin Hu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jieping Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Lixia Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Caixia Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Jingjun Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
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158
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Wei J, Zhao Q, Yang G, Huang R, Li C, Qi Y, Hao C, Yao W. Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibition of inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6417-6428. [PMID: 34076355 PMCID: PMC8256359 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a devastating occupational disease caused by long-term inhalation of silica particles, inducing irreversible lung damage and affecting lung function, without effective treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous subset of adult stem cells that exhibit excellent self-renewal capacity, multi-lineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in a silica-induced rat model of pulmonary fibrosis. The rats were treated with BMSCs on days 14, 28 and 42 after perfusion with silica. Histological examination and hydroxyproline assays showed that BMSCs alleviated silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Results from ELISA and qRT-PCR indicated that BMSCs inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of rats exposed to silica particles. We also performed qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry to examine epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related indicators and demonstrated that BMSCs up-regulate E-cadherin and down-regulate vimentin and extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as fibronectin and collagen Ⅰ. Additionally, BMSCs inhibited the silica-induced increase in TGF-β1, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 and decrease in Smad7. These results suggested that BMSCs can inhibit inflammation and reverse EMT through the inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway to exhibit an anti-fibrotic effect in the rat silicosis model. Our study provides a new and meaningful perspective for silicosis treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wei
- School of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Qiuyan Zhao
- School of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Guo Yang
- School of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Ruoxuan Huang
- School of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Chao Li
- School of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yuanmeng Qi
- School of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Changfu Hao
- School of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Wu Yao
- School of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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159
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Anvari S, Foroughi F, Azad M, Maali A, Alizadeh S, Ahmadi MH. Cloning and expressing of interleukine 2 in amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells, as a potent feeder layer. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 10:63-71. [PMID: 34316493 PMCID: PMC8310657 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2021.38845.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is rapidly expanding due to their unique properties in cell therapy, especially as the feeder layer in the ex-vivo expansion of immune cells. Also, Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is an essential human cytokine in the expansion of hematopoietic precursors and progenitors, i.e., NK cells and T cells, while there is no endogenous expression of IL-2 in MSCs. This study aimed to examine the potency of amniotic membrane (AM)-MSCs as the IL-2 secretory cells. IL-2-containing pCMV3-C-GFPspark shuttle vector was transformed in E.coli DH5-alpha. After cloning, the plasmid DNA was extracted and transfected in isolated AM-MSCs, by lipofectamine-2000. Then, the RNA and protein expression levels of exogenous IL-2 were evaluated 3 to 15 days after transfection, using ELISA and qRT-PCR. Fluorescent microscopy and flowcytometry assays were used for evaluating the GFP-positivity of transfected AM-MSCs, as IL-2 expression control. There was a significant increase in RNA expression of exogenous IL-2 in transfected AM-MSCs in 3 to 15 days after transfection. (p<0.001) Also, IL-2 concentration released in the medium was increased in 3rd day after transfection (611 pg/ml). However, the RNA and protein expression of IL-2 was reduced through passing the time. The results show AM-MSC is a suitable host for the expression and secretion of IL-2 as a critical cytokine in the ex-vivo expansion of hematopoietic precursors and progenitors, i.e., NK cells and T cells. Also, the survival time of IL-2 expression in AM-MSCs was long enough for use as a feeder layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Anvari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farshad Foroughi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mehdi Azad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - SafarAli Alizadeh
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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160
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Li YS, Wu HH, Jiang XC, Zhang TY, Zhou Y, Huang LL, Zhi P, Tabata Y, Gao JQ. Active stealth and self-positioning biomimetic vehicles achieved effective antitumor therapy. J Control Release 2021; 335:515-526. [PMID: 34058269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recognized as promising drug delivery vehicles. However, the limitation of drug loading capacity and safety considerations are two obstacles to the further application of MSCs. Here, we report MSC membrane-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN@M) that maintain the active stealth and self-positioning drug delivery abilities of MSCs and resolve issues related to MSCs-mediated drug delivery. MSN@M was established through uniformly integrating MSC membrane onto a mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) core by sonication. Reduced clearance of phagocytes mediated by CD47 marker on MSC membrane was observed in vitro, which explained the only ~ 25% clearance rate of MSN@M compared with MSN in vivo within 24 h. MSN@M also showed stronger tumor targeting and penetration ability compared with MSN in HepG2 tumor bearing mice. Simultaneously, MSN@M exhibited strong capacity for drug loading and sustained drug release ability of MSN when loaded with doxorubicin (DOX), the drug loading of MSN@M increased ~ 5 folds compared with MSC membrane. In HepG2 xenograft mice, DOX-loaded MSN@M effectively inhibited the growth of tumors and decreased the side effects of treatment by decreasing the exposure of other tissues to DOX. Consequently, our MSN@M may serve as alternative vehicles for MSCs and provide more options for antitumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Sheng Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Hong-Hui Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xin-Chi Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Tian-Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ling-Ling Huang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Pei Zhi
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jian-Qing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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161
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Hassanzadeh A, Rahman HS, Markov A, Endjun JJ, Zekiy AO, Chartrand MS, Beheshtkhoo N, Kouhbanani MAJ, Marofi F, Nikoo M, Jarahian M. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived exosomes in regenerative medicine and cancer; overview of development, challenges, and opportunities. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:297. [PMID: 34020704 PMCID: PMC8138094 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and their widespread biomedical applications have attracted great consideration from the scientific community around the world. However, reports have shown that the main populations of the transplanted MSCs are trapped in the liver, spleen, and lung upon administration, highlighting the importance of the development of cell-free therapies. Concerning rising evidence suggesting that the beneficial effects of MSC therapy are closely linked to MSC-released components, predominantly MSC-derived exosomes, the development of an MSC-based cell-free approach is of paramount importance. The exosomes are nano-sized (30100nm) lipid bilayer membrane vesicles, which are typically released by MSCs and are found in different body fluids. They include various bioactive molecules, such as messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNAs, proteins, and bioactive lipids, thus showing pronounced therapeutic competence for tissues recovery through the maintenance of their endogenous stem cells, the enhancement of regenerative phenotypic traits, inhibition of apoptosis concomitant with immune modulation, and stimulation of the angiogenesis. Conversely, the specific roles of MSC exosomes in the treatment of various tumors remain challenging. The development and clinical application of novel MSC-based cell-free strategies can be supported by better understanding their mechanisms, classifying the subpopulation of exosomes, enhancing the conditions of cell culture and isolation, and increasing the production of exosomes along with engineering exosomes to deliver drugs and therapeutic molecules to the target sites. In the current review, we deliver a brief overview of MSC-derived exosome biogenesis, composition, and isolation methods and discuss recent investigation regarding the therapeutic potential of MSC exosomes in regenerative medicine accompanied by their double-edged sword role in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Suleimanyah, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | | | - Judi Januadi Endjun
- Medical Faculty, UPN Veteran, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Gatot Soebroto Indonesia Army Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Nasrin Beheshtkhoo
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Jadidi Kouhbanani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nikoo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Jarahian
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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162
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He F, Li L, Fan R, Wang X, Chen X, Xu Y. Extracellular Vesicles: An Emerging Regenerative Treatment for Oral Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:669011. [PMID: 34079801 PMCID: PMC8165191 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.669011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are small lipid-enclosed particles containing biological molecules such as RNA and proteins that have emerged as vital modulators of intercellular communication. Increasingly, studies have shown that EVs play an essential role in the occurrence and prognosis of oral diseases. EVs are increasingly considered a research hotspot of oral diseases. In addition, the characteristics of carrying active molecules have also been studied in oral tissue regeneration. Evidence has shown that EVs regulate the homeostasis of the inflammatory microenvironment, promote angiogenesis, and repair damaged tissues. In this review, we summarized the characteristics of EVs and highlighted the role of EVs in oral tissue regeneration, including dental pulp, periodontal tissue, cartilage, and bone. We also discussed their deficiencies and prospects as a potential therapeutic role in the regeneration treatment of oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanzhen He
- Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruyi Fan
- Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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163
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Li Q, Gong S, Yao W, Yang Z, Wang R, Yu Z, Wei M. Exosome loaded genipin crosslinked hydrogel facilitates full thickness cutaneous wound healing in rat animal model. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:884-893. [PMID: 33960253 PMCID: PMC8118534 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1912210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Full thickness cutaneous wound therapy and regeneration remains a critical challenge in clinical therapeutics. Recent reports have suggested that mesenchymal stem cells exosomes therapy is a promising technology with great potential to efficiently promote tissue regeneration. Multifunctional hydrogel composed of both synthetic materials and natural materials is an effective carrier for exosomes loading. Herein, we constructed a biodegradable, dual-sensitive hydrogel encapsulated human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) derived exosomes to facilitate wound healing and skin regeneration process. The materials characterization, exosomes identification, and in vivo full-thickness cutaneous wound healing effect of the hydrogels were performed and evaluated. The in vivo results demonstrated the exosomes loaded hydrogel had significantly improved wound closure, re-epithelialization rates, collagen deposition in the wound sites. More skin appendages were observed in exosomes loaded hydrogel treated wound, indicating the potential to achieve complete skin regeneration. This study provides a new access for complete cutaneous wound regeneration via a genipin crosslinked dual-sensitive hydrogel loading hUCMSCs derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Shiqiang Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Weifan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ziting Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Renjun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zhaojin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
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164
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Song H, Zhao J, Cheng J, Feng Z, Wang J, Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Liang Y. Extracellular Vesicles in chondrogenesis and Cartilage regeneration. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4883-4892. [PMID: 33942981 PMCID: PMC8178250 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), mainly exosomes and microvesicles, are bilayer lipids containing biologically active information, including nucleic acids and proteins. They are involved in cell communication and signalling, mediating many biological functions including cell growth, migration and proliferation. Recently, EVs have received great attention in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Many in vivo and in vitro studies have attempted to evaluate the chondrogenesis potential of these microstructures and their roles in cartilage regeneration. EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or chondrocytes have been found to induce chondrocyte proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro. Preclinical studies have shown that exosomes derived from MSCs have promising results in cartilage repair and in cell‐free therapy of osteoarthritis. This review will focus on the in vitro and in vivo chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration of EVs as well as their potential in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Province Orthopedics Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiasong Zhao
- Department of International Ward, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhijie Feng
- Department of Geriatric Orthopaedics, Tangshan City Second Hospital, Hebei Province, Tangshan, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department Bone Microsurgery, Sanya people's Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yimin Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
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165
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Tan TT, Lai RC, Padmanabhan J, Sim WK, Choo ABH, Lim SK. Assessment of Tumorigenic Potential in Mesenchymal-Stem/Stromal-Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles (MSC-sEV). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040345. [PMID: 33918628 PMCID: PMC8069985 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal-stem/stromal-cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEV) have been shown to ameliorate many diseases in preclinical studies. However, translating MSC-sEV into clinical use requires the development of scalable manufacturing processes for highly reproducible preparations of safe and potent MSC-sEVs. A major source of variability in MSC-sEV preparations is EV producer cells. To circumvent variability in producer cells, clonal immortalized MSC lines as EV producer lines are increasingly being used for sEV production. The use of sEVs from immortalized producer cells inevitably raises safety concerns regarding the tumorigenicity or tumor promoting potential of the EV products. In this study, cells from E1-MYC line, a MSC cell line immortalized with the MYC gene, were injected subcutaneously into athymic nude mice. At 84 days post-injection, no tumor formation was observed at the injection site, lungs, or lymph nodes. E1-MYC cells pre-and post-sEV production did not exhibit anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Daily intraperitoneal injections of 1 or 5 μg sEVs from E1-MYC into athymic nude mice with FaDu human head and neck cancer xenografts for 28 days did not promote or inhibit tumor growth relative to the xenograft treated with vehicle control. Therefore, MYC-immortalized MSCs are not tumorigenic and sEVs from these MSCs do not promote tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thong Teck Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (T.T.T.); (R.C.L.); (W.K.S.)
| | - Ruenn Chai Lai
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (T.T.T.); (R.C.L.); (W.K.S.)
| | - Jayanthi Padmanabhan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (J.P.); (A.B.H.C.)
| | - Wei Kian Sim
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (T.T.T.); (R.C.L.); (W.K.S.)
| | - Andre Boon Hwa Choo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (J.P.); (A.B.H.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (T.T.T.); (R.C.L.); (W.K.S.)
- Department of Surgery, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-64-070161
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166
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Lyu T, Zhang B, Li M, Jiao X, Song Y. Research progress on exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in hematological malignancies. Hematol Oncol 2021; 39:162-169. [PMID: 32869900 PMCID: PMC8246925 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a subset of multifunctional stem cells with self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation properties that play a pivotal role in tumor progression. MSCs are reported to exert biological functions by secreting specialized vesicles, known as exosomes, with tumor cells. Exosomes participate in material and information exchange between cells and are crucial in multiple physiological and pathological processes. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the roles, mechanisms of action and sources of MSC exosomes in hematological malignancies, and different tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Lyu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Binglei Zhang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueli Jiao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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167
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Li S, Shao L, Xu T, Jiang X, Yang G, Dong L. An indispensable tool: Exosomes play a role in therapy for radiation damage. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111401. [PMID: 33761615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the three main treatments for tumors. Almost 70% of tumor patients undergo radiotherapy at different periods. Although radiotherapy can enhance the local control rate of tumors and patients' quality of life, normal tissues often show radiation damage following radiotherapy. In recent years, several studies have shown that exosomes could be biomarkers for diseases and be involved in the treatment of radiation damage. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles containing complex miRNAs and proteins. They can regulate the inflammatory response, enhance the regeneration effect of damaged tissue, and promote the repair of damaged tissues and cells, extending their survival time. In addition, their functions are achieved by paracrine signaling. In this review, we discuss the potential of exosomes as biomarkers and introduce the impact of exosomes on radiation damage in different organs and the hematopoietic system in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Lihong Shao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Tiankai Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Guozi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Lihua Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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168
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Comparisons of Extracellular Vesicles from Human Epidural Fat-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Fibroblast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062889. [PMID: 33809214 PMCID: PMC8000612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are generated and secreted by cells into the circulatory system. Stem cell-derived EVs have a therapeutic effect similar to that of stem cells and are considered an alternative method for cell therapy. Accordingly, research on the characteristics of EVs is emerging. EVs were isolated from human epidural fat-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and human fibroblast culture media by ultracentrifugation. The characterization of EVs involved the typical evaluation of cluster of differentiation (CD antigens) marker expression by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, size analysis with dynamic laser scattering, and morphology analysis with transmission electron microscopy. Lastly, the secreted levels of cytokines and chemokines in EVs were determined by a cytokine assay. The isolated EVs had a typical size of approximately 30–200 nm, and the surface proteins CD9 and CD81 were expressed on human epidural fat MSCs and human fibroblast cells. The secreted levels of cytokines and chemokines were compared between human epidural fat MSC-derived EVs and human fibroblast-derived EVs. Human epidural fat MSC-derived EVs showed anti-inflammatory effects and promoted macrophage polarization. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that human epidural fat MSC-derived EVs exhibit inflammatory suppressive potency relative to human fibroblast-derived EVs, which may be useful for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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169
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Matsubara K, Matsubara Y, Uchikura Y, Sugiyama T. Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia: The Role of Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052572. [PMID: 33806480 PMCID: PMC7961527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of preeclampsia begins when a fertilized egg infiltrates the decidua, resulting in implantation failure (e.g., due to extravillous trophoblast infiltration disturbance and abnormal spiral artery remodeling). Thereafter, large amounts of serum factors (e.g., soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and soluble endoglin) are released into the blood from the hypoplastic placenta, and preeclampsia characterized by multiorgan disorder caused by vascular disorders develops. Successful implantation and placentation require immune tolerance to the fertilized egg as a semi-allograft and the stimulation of extravillous trophoblast infiltration. Recently, exosomes with diameters of 50-100 nm have been recognized to be involved in cell-cell communication. Exosomes affect cell functions in autocrine and paracrine manners via their encapsulating microRNA/DNA and membrane-bound proteins. The microRNA profiles of blood exosomes have been demonstrated to be useful for the evaluation of preeclampsia pathophysiology and prediction of the disease. In addition, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have been found to have cancer-suppressing effects. These exosomes may repair the pathophysiology of preeclampsia through the suppression of extravillous trophoblast apoptosis and promotion of these cells' invasive ability. Exosomes secreted by various cells have received much recent attention and may be involved in the maintenance of pregnancy and pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Matsubara
- Department of Regional Pediatrics and Perinatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuko Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (Y.M.); (Y.U.); (T.S.)
| | - Yuka Uchikura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (Y.M.); (Y.U.); (T.S.)
| | - Takashi Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (Y.M.); (Y.U.); (T.S.)
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170
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Song H, Liu B, Dong B, Xu J, Zhou H, Na S, Liu Y, Pan Y, Chen F, Li L, Wang J. Exosome-Based Delivery of Natural Products in Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:650426. [PMID: 33738290 PMCID: PMC7960777 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.650426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapidly growing research evidence has begun to shed light on the potential application of exosome, which modulates intercellular communications. As donor cell released vesicles, exosomes could play roles as a regulator of cellular behaviors in up-taken cells, as well as a delivery carrier of drugs for targeted cells. Natural product is an invaluable drug resources and it is used widely as therapeutic agents in cancers. This review summarizes the most recent advances in exosomes as natural product delivery carriers in cancer therapy from the following aspects: composition of exosomes, biogenesis of exosomes, and its functions in cancers. The main focus is the advantages and applications of exosomes for drug delivery in cancer therapy. This review also summarizes the isolation and application of exosomes as delivery carriers of natural products in cancer therapy. The recent progress and challenges of using exosomes as drug delivery vehicles for five representative anti-cancer natural products including paclitaxel, curcumin, doxorubicin, celastrol, and β-Elemene. Based on the discussion on the current knowledge about exosomes as delivery vehicles for drugs and natural compounds to the targeted site, this review delineates the landscape of the recent research, challenges, trends and prospects in exosomes as delivery vehicles for drugs and natural compounds for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Neurology Department, The Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Sha Na
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Yunxia Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Fengyuan Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
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171
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Novello S, Pellen-Mussi P, Jeanne S. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles as cell-free therapy: Perspectives in periodontal regeneration. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:433-442. [PMID: 33641196 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are involved in the regeneration of the different missing or compromised periodontal tissues. MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) have recently been explored as a favorable substitution for stem cell therapy, as they are capable of producing therapeutic effects comparable to those of their parent cells, with advantages over cell therapy. The aim of this review is to evaluate the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-derived sEV as cell-free therapy in periodontal regeneration. A review of the scientific literature on sEV and their use in periodontal regeneration was performed. The main characteristics of sEV are described, and their mechanisms of action and potential biological effects in periodontal regeneration are studied. A summary of existing preclinical studies conducted in animals is performed. The results indicate that sEV derived from MSC are emerging as a promising new therapeutic tool in the field of periodontal regeneration and may become an ideal therapeutic option. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in this regard in order to better understand this newly emerging treatment. First results in vivo are promising and show a favorable potential for cell-free therapy in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solen Novello
- ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche d'Odontologie, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Pôle d'Odontologie, UF Parodontologie, Rennes, France
| | - Pascal Pellen-Mussi
- ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Jeanne
- ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche d'Odontologie, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Pôle d'Odontologie, UF Parodontologie, Rennes, France
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172
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Cellular therapies for graft-versus-host disease: a tale of tissue repair and tolerance. Blood 2021; 136:410-417. [PMID: 32525970 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation depends heavily on the delicate balance between the activity of the donor immune system against malignant and nonmalignant cells of the recipient. Abrogation of alloreactivity will lead to disease relapse, whereas untamed allo-immune responses will lead to lethal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). A number of cell types have been identified that can be used to suppress alloreactive immune cells and prevent lethal GVHD in mice. Of those, mesenchymal stromal cells and, to a lesser extent, regulatory T cells have demonstrated efficacy in humans. Ideally, cellular therapy for GVHD will not affect alloreactive immune responses against tumor cells. The importance of tissue damage in the pathophysiology of GVHD rationalizes the development of cells that support tissue homeostasis and repair, such as innate lymphoid cells. We discuss recent developments in the field of cellular therapy to prevent and treat acute and chronic GVHD, in the context of GVHD pathophysiology.
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173
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Deng L, Wang C, He C, Chen L. Bone mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles promote TRAIL-related apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the delivery of microRNA-20a-3p. Cancer Biomark 2021; 30:223-235. [PMID: 33136092 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been widely researched in cancer treatment, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study intended to discuss the mechanism of miR-20a-3p in BMSCs-extracellular vesicles (EVs) in HCC apoptosis. METHODS BMSCs were isolated and identified. EVs derived from BMSCs were extracted and identified. After overexpressing or inhibiting miR-20a-3p expression in BMSCs, EVs were extracted and acted on HCC cells and transplanted tumors. HCC cell apoptosis in the treatment of BMSCs-conditioned medium, BMSCs-EVs and/or miR-20a-3p mimic/inhibitor was evaluated, with the detection of levels of TRAIL and TRAIL-related proteins. A functional rescue experiment about c-FLIP was carried out in HCC cells. The target binding relationship between miR-20a-3p and c-FLIP was detected. The subcutaneous tumorigenesis model of mice was established and injected with BMSCs-EVs to estimate the effect of BMSCs-EVs-miR-20a-3p on HCC growth. RESULTS EVs isolated from BMSCs conditioned medium promoted the apoptosis of HCC cells. After BMSCs-EVs treatment, TRAIL levels, downstream proteins and miR-20a-3p were increased significantly, but the expression of c-FLIP was decreased. miR-20a-3p could target c-FLIP. BMSCs-EVs inhibited the growth of HCC cells, decreased c-FLIP expression, increased TRAIL levels, and promote the of HCC cell apoptosis. BMSCs-EVs with overexpressing miR-20a-3p further enhanced the apoptotic effect of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION BMSCs-EVs-carried miR-20a-3p targets c-FLIP and increases TRAIL levels in HCC cells, thus promoting TRAIL-related apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chang Wang
- College of Computer Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao He
- Antibiotic Drug Office, Sichuan Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Orthopedics Department, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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174
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Al-Ghadban S, Bunnell BA. Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells: Immunomodulatory Effects and Therapeutic Potential. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 35:125-133. [PMID: 32027561 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00021.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can self-renew and differentiate along multiple cell lineages. ASCs are also potently anti-inflammatory due to their inherent ability to regulate the immune system by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors that play a crucial role in the pathology of many diseases, including multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus, Crohn's, SLE, and graft-versus-host disease. The immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of action of ASCs on pathological conditions are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Al-Ghadban
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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175
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Abreu SC, Lopes-Pacheco M, Weiss DJ, Rocco PRM. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Lung Diseases: Current Status and Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:600711. [PMID: 33659247 PMCID: PMC7917181 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.600711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a potential therapy for several diseases. These plasma membrane-derived fragments are released constitutively by virtually all cell types-including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-under stimulation or following cell-to-cell interaction, which leads to activation or inhibition of distinct signaling pathways. Based on their size, intracellular origin, and secretion pathway, EVs have been grouped into three main populations: exosomes, microvesicles (or microparticles), and apoptotic bodies. Several molecules can be found inside MSC-derived EVs, including proteins, lipids, mRNA, microRNAs, DNAs, as well as organelles that can be transferred to damaged recipient cells, thus contributing to the reparative process and promoting relevant anti-inflammatory/resolutive actions. Indeed, the paracrine/endocrine actions induced by MSC-derived EVs have demonstrated therapeutic potential to mitigate or even reverse tissue damage, thus raising interest in the regenerative medicine field, particularly for lung diseases. In this review, we summarize the main features of EVs and the current understanding of the mechanisms of action of MSC-derived EVs in several lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary infections [including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)], asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and cystic fibrosis (CF), among others. Finally, we list a number of limitations associated with this therapeutic strategy that must be overcome in order to translate effective EV-based therapies into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia C. Abreu
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel J. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Patricia R. M. Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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176
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Diao L, Zhang Q. Transfer of lncRNA UCA1 by hUCMSCs-derived exosomes protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through impairing miR-143-targeted degradation of Bcl-2. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5967-5985. [PMID: 33591946 PMCID: PMC7950245 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia results in neuronal damage via alterations in gene transcription and protein expression. Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are pivotal in the regulation of target protein expression in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). In this study, we observed the function of exosomes-carried lncRNA UCA1 in H/R-induced injury of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). In H/R cell model, CMECs were co-cultured with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUCMSC-ex). The loss-of-function experiments were conducted to assess the effect of lncRNA UCA1 on H/R injury by assessing the biological behaviors of CMECs. The relationship among lncRNA UCA1, miR-143 and Bcl-2 were verified. An ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) rat model was established. Then hUCMSC-ex was injected into I/R rats to identify its effects on apoptosis and autophagy. Functional rescue experiments were performed to verify the sponge system. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that hUCMSC-ex protected I/R rats and H/R CMECs against injury. Silencing UCA1 in hUCMSC-ex or miR-143 overexpression aggravated H/R injury in CMECs. LncRNA UCA1 competitively bound to miR-143 to upregulate Bcl-2. And hUCMSCs-ex/si-UCA1+inhi-miR-143 treatment protected CMECs against H/R injury and inhibited hyperautophagy. Together, hUCMSC-ex-derived lncRNA UCA1 alleviates H/R injury through the miR-143/Bcl-2/Beclin-1 axis. Hence, this study highlights a stem cell-based approach against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Diao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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177
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Hu H, Wang D, Li L, Yin H, He G, Zhang Y. Role of microRNA-335 carried by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles in bone fracture recovery. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:156. [PMID: 33542183 PMCID: PMC7862274 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to reduce healing time and treat nonunion in fracture patients. In this study, bone marrow MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (B-EVs) were firstly extracted and identified. CD9-/- and normal mice were enrolled for the establishment of fracture models and then injected with B-EVs. Osteoblast differentiation and fracture recovery were estimated. The levels of osteoblast-related genes were detected, and differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) in B-EVs-treated normal fracture mice were screened and verified. The downstream mechanisms of miR were predicted and assessed. The loss-of functions of miR-335 in B-EV and gain-of-functions of VapB were performed in animal and cell experiments to evaluate their roles in bone fracture. Collectively, B-EVs promoted bone fracture recovery and osteoblast differentiation by releasing miR-335. miR-335 downregulation in B-EVs impaired B-EV functions in fracture recovery and osteoblast differentiation. miR-335 could target VapB, and VapB overexpression reversed the effects of B-EVs on osteoblast differentiation. B-EV treatment activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in fracture mice and osteoblasts-like cells. Taken together, the study suggested that B-EVs carry miR-335 to promote bone fracture recovery via VapB and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This study may offer insights into bone fracture treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haiyang Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Guoyu He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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178
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Liang L, Zhao L, Wang Y, Wang Y. Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is Enhanced When Norcantharidin Is Encapsulated in Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1003-1013. [PMID: 33527831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have potential as drug-delivery vehicles and exhibit great promise for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. Here, we consider bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exos) as drug carriers to encase anticancer drug norcantharidin (NCTD) and explore their potential therapeutic effects against HCC. NCTD was loaded into purified exosomes from BMSCs via electroporation, and an in vitro drug release study showed that BMSC-Exos-NCTD provided a continuous and slow release of the drug. A series of in vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamic evaluations based on the HCC cell line HepG2 were conducted. The results showed that the BMSC-Exos-NCTD delivery system effectively promoted cellular uptake, induced cell cycle arrest, reduced tumor cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and exerted obvious in vivo antitumor effects compared with the NCTD treatment alone, with BMSC-Exos-NCTD showing more significant antitumor effects. Furthermore, the in vivo detection results of the homing effect using the probe Cy5.5 showed that the BMSC-Exos carrier has an in situ homing effect on the tumor sites of HCC in mice. Moreover, BMSC-Exos-NCTD did not show body toxicity. Excitedly, BMSC-Exos-NCTD repaired damaged liver tissues in liver sections; specifically, the experimental effectiveness of the exosomes on the normal liver cell line L02 indicated that the damaged liver cells were repaired by the exosomes, as reflected by the increase in cellular proliferation and the inhibition of liver cell oxidation. Our results suggest that BMSC-Exos, as drug carriers with specific functions, have great potential in the HCC treatment in combination with anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyi Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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179
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Wen T, Wang H, Li Y, Lin Y, Zhao S, Liu J, Chen B. Bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote the repair of intervertebral disc degeneration by transferring microRNA-199a. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:256-270. [PMID: 33499725 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1863682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) protect intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) by regulating nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) apoptosis. But the mechanism of BMSCs-EVs-microRNA (miR)-199a in IDD remains unclear. In this study, after the acquisition and identification of BMSCs and BMSCs-EVs, IDD mouse model was established and treated with BMSCs-EVs. The pathological changes of NPCs, positive expression of MMP-2, MMP-6 and TIMP1, and the senescence and apoptosis of NPCs were evaluated. Microarray analysis was employed to analyze the differentially expressed miRs and genes after EV treatment. NPCs were treated with EVs/miR-199a/TGF-β agonist SRI-011381. The positive expression of col II and Aggrecan was assessed. The target gene and downstream pathway of miR-199a were analyzed. In vivo experiment, after BMSCs-EV treatment, MMP-2, MMP-6, TIMP1 and TUNEL-positive cells in IDD mice were decreased, and miR-199a was increased. In vitro experiments, the expression of col Ⅱ and Aggrecan, SA-β gal positive cells and apoptosis rate of NPCs were decreased after EV intervention. The protective effect of BMSCs-EVs on NPCs was impaired by reducing miR-199a carried by EVs. miR-199a could target GREM1 to inactivate the TGF-β pathway. miR-199a carried by BMSCs-EVs promotes IDD repair by targeting GREM1 and downregulating the TGF-β pathway. Our work confers a promising therapeutic strategy for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wen
- Department of Spine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongshen Wang
- Department of Spine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongjin Li
- Department of Spine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongpeng Lin
- Department of Spine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Spine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinggong Liu
- Department of Spine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bolai Chen
- Department of Spine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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180
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Effect of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Damaged Human Corneal Endothelial Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6644463. [PMID: 33531909 PMCID: PMC7834816 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6644463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) are essential to visual function; however, since they have limited proliferative capacity in vivo, they are prone to corneal endothelial dysfunction. At present, the only treatment is a corneal transplantation from donor cadavers. Also, due to a global shortage of donor corneas, it is important to find alternative strategies. Recent studies highlight that stem cell–derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a relevant role in stem cell-induced regeneration by reprogramming injured cells and inducing proregenerative pathways. The aim of this work is to evaluate whether EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EVs) are able to promote regeneration of damaged HCECs. Methods We isolated HCECs from discarded corneas in patients undergoing corneal transplantation or enucleation (N = 23 patients). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were obtained from Lonza, cultured, and characterized. MSC-EVs were obtained from supernatants of MSCs. In order to establish a valid in vitro damage model to test the regenerative potential of EVs on HCECs, we evaluated the proliferation rate and the apoptosis after exposing the cells to serum-deprived medium at different concentrations for 24 hours. We then evaluated the HCEC migration through a wound healing assay. Results In the selected serum deprivation damage conditions, the treatment with different doses of MSC-EVs resulted in a significantly higher proliferation rate of HCECs at all the tested concentrations of EVs (5‐20 × 103 MSC-EV/cell). MSC-EVs/cell induced a significant decrease in number of total apoptotic cells after 24 hours of serum deprivation. Finally, the wound healing assay showed a significantly faster repair of the wound after HCEC treatment with MSC-EVs. Conclusions Results highlight the already well-known proregenerative potential of MSC-EVs in a totally new biological model, the endothelium of the cornea. MSC-EVs, indeed, induced proliferation and survival of HCECs, promoting the migration of HCECs in vitro.
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181
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Li Y, Wang J, Ma Y, Du W, Feng K, Wang S. miR-101-loaded exosomes secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells requires the FBXW7/HIF1α/FOXP3 axis, facilitating osteogenic differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4258-4272. [PMID: 33438204 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as significant mediators of intercellular communication, with studies highlighting their role in the transmission of biological signals between cells. Dominant microRNA (miRNA)-mediated translational repression of messenger RNAs has been extensively investigated in regard to its influence in orchestrating osteogenic differentiation. In the current study, we sought to ascertain the contributory role of miRNA-101 (miR-101) encapsulated in the process of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomes in osteogenic differentiation. Exosomes were initially extracted from BMSCs at Days 0, 3, 12, and 21 of osteogenic differentiation by ultracentrifugation. Artificial modulation of miR-101 and FBXW7 (silencing and overexpression) were performed in the BMSCs to identify its effects on osteogenic factors, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteogenic differentiation. Mechanistic exploration was performed to evaluate the binding affinity between miR-101 and FBXW7, the FBXW7-mediated HIF1α ubiquitination, and the HIF1α enrichment in the FOXP3 promoter region. Exosomes from MSCs in the late stage of osteogenic differentiation exhibited enhanced osteogenic differentiation. Upregulated miR-101 in MSC-derived exosomes was detected during osteogenic differentiation, while diminished levels of FBXW7 expression was noted. Importantly, miR-101 was found to specifically bind to the 3'-untranslated region of FBXW7. Meanwhile, data was obtained indicating that FBXW7 could ubiquitinate and degrade HIF1α to repress its upregulation during osteogenic differentiation. HIF1α bound to the promoter region of FOXP3 to facilitate osteogenic differentiation. Ultimately, the findings of the current study demonstrate that BMSC-derived exosomal miR-101 augments osteogenic differentiation in MSCs by inhibiting FBXW7 to regulate the HIF1α/FOXP3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanchao Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenjia Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kai Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shuanke Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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182
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Hou Y, Li J, Guan S, Witte F. The therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs as a bioactive material for wound healing. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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183
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Fathollahi A, Hashemi SM, Haji Molla Hoseini M, Tavakoli S, Farahani E, Yeganeh F. Intranasal administration of small extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells ameliorated the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107207. [PMID: 33290966 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model for the human multiple sclerosis, which is characterized by inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), de-myelination of axonal neurons, and loss of motor coordination. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of intranasal administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and small extracellular vesicle (SEV) derived from the MSC (MSC-SEV) on disease activity and antigen-specific responses in the EAE mouse model. MSCs (5 × 105) were administered intranasally to EAE mice (n = 5) on the 15th and 24th days after immunization. In addition, the intranasal administration of MSC-SEV (10 μg) was used to treat EAE mice (n = 5) on a daily basis from the 15th to the 27th day after induction of the disease. The outcomes of therapies were evaluated using studying clinical symptoms and histological analysis of CNS lesions. Moreover, T cell proliferation, the frequency of regulatory T cells, the expression of transcription factors of T-helper subsets, and the levels of their corresponded cytokines were evaluated in splenocytes culture that was stimulated with specific-antigen. The results of treatment of EAE mice with MSC- SEV and MSC showed a significant decrease in the clinical scores, and it was found that treatment with MSC-SEV was more effective in alleviating clinical scores than MSC. In addition, the decrease in clinical symptoms was associated with an increase in immunomodulatory responses, including an increase in the frequency of Foxp3+ CD25+ regulatory T cells. Moreover, the level of TGF-β was increased by both treatments; however, interleukin-10 was increased only by MSC treatment. Ultimately, it was achieved that the intranasal administration of MSC-SEV to EAE mice was more effective than the administration of MSC to reduce clinical scores and histological lesions of the CNS tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/surgery
- Extracellular Vesicles/immunology
- Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
- Extracellular Vesicles/transplantation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/immunology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Spinal Cord/immunology
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Fathollahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Haji Molla Hoseini
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Tavakoli
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Farahani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Yeganeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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184
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Yahao G, Xinjia W. The Role and Mechanism of Exosomes from Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Inducing Osteogenesis and Preventing Osteoporosis. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211057465. [PMID: 34814742 PMCID: PMC8647230 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211057465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes promote tissue regeneration and repair, and thus might be used to treat many diseases; however, the influence of microenvironmental conditions on exosomes remains unclear. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of osteogenic induction on the functions of human umbilical cord MSC (HucMSC)-derived exosomes. Exosomes from standardized stem cell culture (Exo1) and osteogenic differentiation-exosomes (Exo2) were co-cultured with osteoblasts, separately. Cell counting kit-8 assays, alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining were used to observe the exosomes' effects on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. The levels of osteogenic differentiation-related proteins were analyzed using western blotting. Estrogen-deficient osteoporosis model mice were established, and treated with the two exosome preparations. Micro-computed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining were performed after 6 weeks. MicroRNAs in Exo1 and Exo2 were sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatic analyses. Compared with Exo1 group, Exo2 had a stronger osteogenic differentiation promoting effect, but a weaker proliferation promoting effect. In ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis mice, both Exo1 and Exo2 improved the tibial density and reversed osteoporosis in vivo. High-throughput microRNA sequencing identified 221 differentially expressed microRNAs in HucMSC-derived exosomes upon osteogenic induction as compared with the untreated control group. Importantly, we found that 41 of these microRNAs are potentially critical for MSC-secreted exosomes during osteogenic induction. Mechanistically, exosomal miRNAs derived from osteogenic induced-HucMSCs are involved in bone development and differentiation, such as osteoclast differentiation and the MAPK signaling pathway. The expression of hsa-mir-2110 and hsa-mir-328-3p gradually increased with prolonged osteogenic differentiation and regulated target genes associated with bone differentiation, suggesting that they are probably the most important osteogenesis regulatory microRNAs in exosomes. In conclusion, we examined the contribution of osteogenic induction to the function of exosomes secreted by HucMSCs following osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo, and reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms of exosome action during osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yahao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical
College, Shantou, China
| | - Wang Xinjia
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical
College, Shantou, China
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185
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Pu X, Ma S, Gao Y, Xu T, Chang P, Dong L. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Biological Function and Their Therapeutic Potential in Radiation Damage. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010042. [PMID: 33396665 PMCID: PMC7823972 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced damage is a common occurrence in cancer patients who undergo radiotherapy. In this setting, radiation-induced damage can be refractory because the regeneration responses of injured tissues or organs are not well stimulated. Mesenchymal stem cells have become ideal candidates for managing radiation-induced damage. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have a similar effect on repairing tissue damage mainly because these exosomes carry various bioactive substances, such as miRNAs, proteins and lipids, which can affect immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and cell survival and proliferation. Although the mechanisms by which mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes repair radiation damage have not been fully elucidated, we intend to translate their biological features into a radiation damage model and aim to provide new insight into the management of radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Pu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (X.P.); (S.M.); (Y.G.); (T.X.)
| | - Siyang Ma
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (X.P.); (S.M.); (Y.G.); (T.X.)
| | - Yan Gao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (X.P.); (S.M.); (Y.G.); (T.X.)
| | - Tiankai Xu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (X.P.); (S.M.); (Y.G.); (T.X.)
| | - Pengyu Chang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (X.P.); (S.M.); (Y.G.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (L.D.); Tel.: +86-431-8878-3840 (P.C. & L.D.)
| | - Lihua Dong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (X.P.); (S.M.); (Y.G.); (T.X.)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (L.D.); Tel.: +86-431-8878-3840 (P.C. & L.D.)
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186
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Zhao Z, Li D, Wu Z, Wang Q, Ma Z, Zhang C. Research Progress and Prospect of Nanoplatforms for Treatment of Oral Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:616101. [PMID: 33391000 PMCID: PMC7773899 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.616101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancers refer to malignant tumors associated with high morbidity and mortality, and oral squamous cell carcinoma accounts for the majority of cases. It is an important part of head and neck, and oral cancer is one of the six most common cancers in the world. At present, the traditional treatment methods for oral cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. However, these methods have many disadvantages. In recent years, nanomedicine, the delivery of drugs through nanoplatforms for the treatment of cancer, has become a promising substitutive therapy. The use of nanoplatforms can reduce the degradation of the drug in the body and accurately deliver it to the tumor site. This minimizes the distribution of the drug to other organs, thereby reducing its toxicity and allowing higher drug concentration at the tumor site. This review introduces polymer nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, hydrogels, exosomes, and dendrimers for the treatment of oral cancer, and discusses how these nanoplatforms play an anti-cancer effect. Finally, the review gives a slight outlook on the future prospects of nanoplatforms for oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziqi Wu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qihui Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Congxiao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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187
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Bai Q, Han K, Dong K, Zheng C, Zhang Y, Long Q, Lu T. Potential Applications of Nanomaterials and Technology for Diabetic Wound Healing. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9717-9743. [PMID: 33299313 PMCID: PMC7721306 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s276001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wound shows delayed and incomplete healing processes, which in turn exposes patients to an environment with a high risk of infection. This article has summarized current developments of nanoparticles/hydrogels and nanotechnology used for promoting the wound healing process in either diabetic animal models or patients with diabetes mellitus. These nanoparticles/hydrogels promote diabetic wound healing by loading bioactive molecules (such as growth factors, genes, proteins/peptides, stem cells/exosomes, etc.) and non-bioactive substances (metal ions, oxygen, nitric oxide, etc.). Among them, smart hydrogels (a very promising method for loading many types of bioactive components) are currently favored by researchers. In addition, nanoparticles/hydrogels can be combined with some technology (including PTT, LBL self-assembly technique and 3D-printing technology) to treat diabetic wound repair. By reviewing the recent literatures, we also proposed new strategies for improving multifunctional treatment of diabetic wounds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Que Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Han
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianfa Long
- Mini-Invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingli Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710072, People’s Republic of China
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188
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Lin Y, Anderson JD, Rahnama LMA, Gu SV, Knowlton AA. Exosomes in disease and regeneration: biological functions, diagnostics, and beneficial effects. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1162-H1180. [PMID: 32986962 PMCID: PMC7792703 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00075.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles. They range from 30 to 150 nm in diameter and originate from intraluminal vesicles. Exosomes were first identified as the mechanism for releasing unnecessary molecules from reticulocytes as they matured to red blood cells. Since then, exosomes have been shown to be secreted by a broad spectrum of cells and play an important role in the cardiovascular system. Different stimuli are associated with increased exosome release and result in different exosome content. The release of harmful DNA and other molecules via exosomes has been proposed as a mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis. Because exosomes contain parent cell-specific proteins on the membrane and in the cargo that is delivered to recipient cells, exosomes are potential diagnostic biomarkers of various types of diseases, including cardiovascular disease. As exosomes are readily taken up by other cells, stem cell-derived exosomes have been recognized as a potential cell-free regenerative therapy to repair not only the injured heart but other tissues as well. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the biological functions of exosomes in heart disease and tissue regeneration. Therefore, state-of-the-art methods for exosome isolation and characterization, as well as approaches to assess exosome functional properties, are reviewed. Investigation of exosomes provides a new approach to the study of disease and biological processes. Exosomes provide a potential "liquid biopsy," as they are present in most, if not all, biological fluids that are released by a wide range of cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lin
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | | | - Lily M A Rahnama
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Shenwen V Gu
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Anne A Knowlton
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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189
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Mesenchymal stem cell derived-exosomes: a modern approach in translational medicine. J Transl Med 2020; 18:449. [PMID: 33246476 PMCID: PMC7691969 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have captured great attention in regenerative medicine for over a few decades by virtue of their differentiation capacity, potent immunomodulatory properties, and their ability to be favorably cultured and manipulated. Recent investigations implied that the pleiotropic effects of MSCs is not associated to their ability of differentiation, but rather is mediated by the secretion of soluble paracrine factors. Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles, are one of these paracrine mediators. Exosomes transfer functional cargos like miRNA and mRNA molecules, peptides, proteins, cytokines and lipids from MSCs to the recipient cells. Exosomes participate in intercellular communication events and contribute to the healing of injured or diseased tissues and organs. Studies reported that exosomes alone are responsible for the therapeutic effects of MSCs in numerous experimental models. Therefore, MSC-derived exosomes can be manipulated and applied to establish a novel cell-free therapeutic approach for treatment of a variety of diseases including heart, kidney, liver, immune and neurological diseases, and cutaneous wound healing. In comparison with their donor cells, MSC-derived exosomes offer more stable entities and diminished safety risks regarding the administration of live cells, e.g. microvasculature occlusion risk. This review discusses the exosome isolation methods invented and utilized in the clinical setting thus far and presents a summary of current information on MSC exosomes in translational medicine.
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190
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Liu L, Guo S, Shi W, Liu Q, Huo F, Wu Y, Tian W. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Periodontal Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:962-976. [PMID: 32962564 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (BMSC-sEVs) can be used as a potential cell-free strategy for periodontal tissue regeneration, and we aim to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of BMSC-sEV in periodontal tissue regeneration in this study. The BMSC-sEV was isolated by the Exosome Isolation™ reagent and identified by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blotting. The human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were cocultured with BMSC-sEV in vitro to detect the effects of BMSC-sEV on hPDLC migration, proliferation, and differentiation. The BMSC-sEV loaded by hydrogel was injected into experimental periodontitis rats to verify the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism. The results showed that BMSC-sEVs were 30-150 nm vesicles and expressed the exosome protein CD63 and tumor susceptibility 101 (TSG101), which could promote the migration, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs. The BMSC-sEV-hydrogel had a therapeutic effect on periodontitis rats. After administration for 4-8 weeks, microcomputed tomography and histological analysis showed that alveolar bone loss, inflammatory infiltration, and collagen destruction in the BMSC-sEV-hydrogel group were less than that in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-hydrogel group and periodontitis group. Further immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining revealed that the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells and the expression ratio of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor-activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand (RANKL) in the BMSC-sEV-hydrogel group were lower than that in the PBS-hydrogel group and periodontitis group, while the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and the ratio of macrophage type 2 and macrophage type 1 (M2/M1) were opposite. Therefore, BMSC-sEV can promote the regeneration of periodontal tissues, and that may be partly due to BMSC-sEV involvement in the OPG-RANKL-RANK signaling pathway to regulate the function of osteoclasts and affect the macrophage polarization and TGF-β1 expression to modulate the inflammatory immune response, thereby inhibiting the development of periodontitis and immune damage of periodontal tissue. Impact statement Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (BMSCs-sEVs) have been proven to have similar functions to BMSCs, such as promoting the regeneration of heart, liver, kidney, and bone tissue and regulating immune responses. BMSCs are candidate seed cells of periodontal regeneration, but it is unclear about the role of BMSC-sEV on periodontal regeneration. In this study, we explored the effects and possible mechanism of BMSC-sEV on periodontal regeneration. The results of this study provide the evidence of BMSC-sEV as a cell-free strategy for periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Shujuan Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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191
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Elangovan S, Gajendrareddy P, Ravindran S, Salem AK. Emerging local delivery strategies to enhance bone regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:062001. [PMID: 32647095 PMCID: PMC10148649 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aba446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In orthopedics and dentistry there is an increasing need for novel biomaterials and clinical strategies to achieve predictable bone regeneration. These novel molecular strategies have the potential to eliminate the limitations of currently available approaches. Specifically, they have the potential to reduce or eliminate the need to harvest autogenous bone, and the overall complexity of the clinical procedures. In this review, emerging tissue engineering strategies that have been, or are currently being, developed based on the current understanding of bone biology, development and wound healing will be discussed. In particular, protein/peptide based approaches, DNA/RNA therapeutics, cell therapy, and the use of exosomes will be briefly covered. The review ends with a summary of the current status of these approaches, their clinical translational potentials and their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Elangovan
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America
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192
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Liu D, Zheng W, Pan S, Liu Z. Concise review: current trends on applications of stem cells in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1000. [PMID: 33221823 PMCID: PMC7680458 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy, with high prevalence, is the main cause of renal failure in diabetic patients. The strategies for treating DN are limited with not only high cost but an unsatisfied effect. Therefore, the effective treatment of DN needs to be explored urgently. In recent years, due to their self-renewal ability and multi-directional differentiation potential, stem cells have exerted therapeutic effects in many diseases, such as graft-versus-host disease, autoimmune diseases, pancreatic diseases, and even acute kidney injury. With the development of stem cell technology, stem cell-based regenerative medicine has been tried to be applied to the treatment of DN. Related stem cells include embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal cells, and endothelial progenitor cells. Undoubtedly, stem cell transplantation has achieved certain results in the treatment of DN animal models. However, stem cell therapy still remains certain thorny issues during treatment. For instance, poor engraftment and limited differentiation of stem cells caused by the diabetic microenvironment, differentiation into unwanted cell lineages, and malignant transformation or genetic aberrations of stem cells. At present, various researches on the therapeutic effects of stem cells in DN with different opinions are reported and the specific mechanism of stem cells is still unclear. We review here the potential mechanism of stem cells as new therapeutic agents in the treatment of DN. Also, we review recent findings and updated information about not only the utilization of stem cells on DN in both preclinical and clinical trials but limitations and future expectations of stem cell-based therapy for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China.,Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China.,Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China.,Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China.,Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shaokang Pan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China.,Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China.,Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China. .,Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China. .,Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China.
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193
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Charles CJ, Li RR, Yeung T, Mazlan SMI, Lai RC, de Kleijn DPV, Lim SK, Richards AM. Systemic Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Reduce Myocardial Infarct Size: Characterization With MRI in a Porcine Model. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:601990. [PMID: 33304934 PMCID: PMC7701257 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.601990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The observations that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert cardiac protection and repair via their secretome with the active component(s) identified as exosomes underpinned our test of the efficacy of MSC exosomes in a porcine model of myocardial infarction (MI) when administered systemically by the convenient method of intravenous (IV) bolus injection. Results show that 7 days of IV exosomes results in clear reduction (30-40%) of infarct size measured at both 7 and 28 days post-MI, despite near identical release of hs Troponin T. Together with reduced infarct size, exosome treatment reduced transmurality and lessened wall thinning in the infarct zone. Exosome treated pigs showed relative preservation of LV function with significant amelioration of falls in fractional wall thickening compared with control. However, global measures of LV function were less protected by exosome treatment. It is possible that greater preservation of global LV function may have been attenuated by increased cardiac fibrosis, as T1 values showed significant increase in the exosome pigs compared to control particularly in the infarct related segments. Taken together, these results show clear effects of IV exosomes administered over 7 days to reduce infarct size with relatively preserved cardiac function compared to control treated infarct pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Charles
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Renee R. Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teresa Yeung
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephane M. Ibraham Mazlan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruenn Chai Lai
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dominique P. V. de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, and Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - A. Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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194
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Ma K, Zhu B, Wang Z, Cai P, He M, Ye D, Yan G, Zheng L, Yang L, Zhao J. Articular chondrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles promote cartilage differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by activation of autophagy. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:163. [PMID: 33167997 PMCID: PMC7653755 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (HUCMSC)-based therapies were previously utilised for cartilage regeneration because of the chondrogenic potential of MSCs. However, chondrogenic differentiation of HUCMSCs is limited by the administration of growth factors like TGF-β that may cause cartilage hypertrophy. It has been reported that extracellular vesicles (EVs) could modulate the phenotypic expression of stem cells. However, the role of human chondrogenic-derived EVs (C-EVs) in chondrogenic differentiation of HUCMSCs has not been reported. RESULTS We successfully isolated C-EVs from human multi-finger cartilage and found that C-EVs efficiently promoted the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of HUCMSCs, evidenced by highly expressed aggrecan (ACAN), COL2A, and SOX-9. Moreover, the expression of the fibrotic marker COL1A and hypertrophic marker COL10 was significantly lower than that induced by TGF-β. In vivo, C-EVs induced HUCMSCs accelerated the repair of the rabbit model of knee cartilage defect. Furthermore, C-EVs led to an increase in autophagosomes during the process of chondrogenic differentiation, indicating that C-EVs promote cartilage regeneration through the activation of autophagy. CONCLUSIONS C-EVs play an essential role in fostering chondrogenic differentiation and proliferation of HUCMSCs, which may be beneficial for articular cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zetao Wang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Peian Cai
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingwei He
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Danyan Ye
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Research Centre for Translational Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Guohua Yan
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lujun Yang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Research Centre for Translational Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Regeneration of Bone and Soft Tissues, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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195
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Ahmadi M, Rezaie J. Ageing and mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes: Molecular insight and challenges. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:60-66. [PMID: 33164248 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ageing induces a great risk factor that participates in progressing various degenerative diseases morbidities. The main characteristic of ageing is the failure in maintaining homeostasis in the organs with a cellular senescence. Senescence is characterized by reduced cell growth, evade cellular death, and acquiring a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are advantageous cells in regenerative medicine, exerting pleiotropic functions by producing soluble factors, such as exosomes. MSCs and their exosomes (MSCs-Exo) kinetic are affected by ageing and other aged exosomes. Exosomes biogenesis from aged MSCs is accelerated and their exosomal cargoes, such as miRNAs, vary as compared to those of normal cells. Besides, exosomes from aged MSCs loss their regenerative potential and may negatively influence the function of recipient cells. MSCs-Exo can improve ageing and age-related diseases; however, the detailed mechanisms remain yet elusive. Although exosomes-therapy may serve as a new approach to combat ageing, the translation of preclinical results to clinic needs more extensive investigation on exosomes both on their biology and related techniques. Overall, scrutiny on the effect of ageing on MSCs and vice versa is vital for designing novel therapy using MSCs with focus on the management of older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ahmadi
- Tuberculosis and lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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196
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Luo T, Liu Q, Tan A, Duan L, Jia Y, Nong L, Tang J, Zhou W, Xie W, Lu Y, Yu Q, Liu Y. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Secreted Exosome Promotes Chemoresistance in Breast Cancer via Enhancing miR-21-5p-Mediated S100A6 Expression. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 19:283-293. [PMID: 33294586 PMCID: PMC7689030 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown the role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome (MSC-exo) in inducing resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy. However, it remains unclear whether the change of MSC-exo in response to chemotherapy also contributes to chemoresistance. In this study, we investigated the effect of a standard-of-care chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (Dox), on MSC-exo and its contribution to the development of Dox resistance in breast cancer cells (BCs). We found that the exosome secreted by Dox-treated MSCs (Dt-MSC-exo) induced a higher degree of Dox resistance in BCs when compared with non-treated MSC-exo. By analysis of the MSC-exo-induced transcriptome change in BCs, we identified S100A6, a chemoresistant gene, as a top-ranked gene induced by MSC-exo in BCs, which was further enhanced by Dt-MSC-exo. Furthermore, we found that Dox induced the expression of miR-21-5p in MSCs and MSC-exo, which was required for the expression of S100A6 in BCs. Importantly, silencing of miR-21-5p expression in MSCs and MSC-exo abolished the resistance of BCs to Dox, indicating an exosomal miR-21-5p-regulated S100A6 in chemoresistance. Our study thus uncovered a novel mechanistic insight into the role of MSC-secreted exosome in the development of chemoresistance in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Luo
- The Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoyuan Liu
- The Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Aihua Tan
- The Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Duan
- The Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yuxian Jia
- The Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Li Nong
- The Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tang
- The Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wenxian Zhou
- The Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Xie
- The Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yongkui Lu
- The Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Yan Liu
- The Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
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197
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Antioxidant and Biological Properties of Mesenchymal Cells Used for Therapy in Retinitis Pigmentosa. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100983. [PMID: 33066211 PMCID: PMC7602011 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both tissue repair and regeneration are a priority in regenerative medicine. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a complex retinal disease characterized by the progressive loss of impaired photoreceptors, is currently lacking effective therapies: this represents one of the greatest challenges in the field of ophthalmological research. Although this inherited retinal dystrophy is still an incurable genetic disease, the oxidative damage is an important pathogenetic element that may represent a viable target of therapy. In this review, we summarize the current neuroscientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of cell therapies in RP, especially those based on mesenchymal cells, and we focus on their therapeutic action: limitation of both oxidative stress and apoptotic processes triggered by the disease and promotion of cell survival. Cell therapy could therefore represent a feasible therapeutic option in RP.
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198
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miR-23a-3p regulated by LncRNA SNHG5 suppresses the chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells via targeting SOX6/SOX5. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:723-733. [PMID: 32960357 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage generation and degradation are controlled by miRNAs. Our previous study showed miR-23a-3p was downregulated during chondrogenic differentiation in chondrogenic human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs). In the present study, we explored the function of miR-23a-3p in chondrogenesis differentiation. The role of miR-23a-3p in chondrogenic differentiation potential of hADSCs was assessed by Alcian blue staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot. We show that miR-23a-3p suppressed the chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs. LncRNA SNHG5 interacted with miR-23a-3p, and suppression or overexpression of SNHG5 correlates with inhibition and promotion of hADSC chondrogenic differentiation, respectively. We have determined that SNHG5 can sponge miR-23a-3p to regulate the expression of SOX6/SOX5, transcription factors that play essential roles in chondrocyte differentiation. Furthermore, the overexpression of SNHG5 activates the JNK/MAPK/ERK pathway. In conclusion, miR-23a-3p regulated by lncRNA SNHG5 suppresses the chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells via targeting SOX6/SOX5.
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199
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Ullah M, Liu DD, Rai S, Razavi M, Concepcion W, Thakor AS. Pulsed focused ultrasound enhances the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles in acute kidney injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:398. [PMID: 32928310 PMCID: PMC7490886 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by rapid failure of renal function and has no curative therapies. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to carry therapeutic factors, which have shown promise in regenerative medicine applications, including AKI. However, there remains an unmet need to optimize their therapeutic effect. One potential avenue of optimization lies in pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS), where tissues-of-interest are treated with sound waves. pFUS has been shown to enhance MSC therapy via increased cell homing, but its effects on cell-free EV therapy remain largely unexplored. METHODS We combine pFUS pretreatment of the kidney with MSC-derived EV therapy in a mouse model of cisplatin-induced AKI. RESULTS EVs significantly improved kidney function, reduced injury markers, mediated increased proliferation, and reduced inflammation and apoptosis. While pFUS did not enhance EV homing to the kidney, the combined treatment resulted in a superior therapeutic effect compared to either treatment alone. We identified several molecular mechanisms underlying this synergistic therapeutic effect, including upregulation of proliferative signaling (MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt) and regenerative pathways (eNOS, SIRT3), as well as suppression of inflammation. CONCLUSION Taken together, pFUS may be a strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-derived EV treatment for the treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujib Ullah
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Daniel D Liu
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Sravanthi Rai
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Mehdi Razavi
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Waldo Concepcion
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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200
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León-Moreno LC, Castañeda-Arellano R, Aguilar-García IG, Desentis-Desentis MF, Torres-Anguiano E, Gutiérrez-Almeida CE, Najar-Acosta LJ, Mendizabal-Ruiz G, Ascencio-Piña CR, Dueñas-Jiménez JM, Rivas-Carrillo JD, Dueñas-Jiménez SH. Kinematic Changes in a Mouse Model of Penetrating Hippocampal Injury and Their Recovery After Intranasal Administration of Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:579162. [PMID: 33192324 PMCID: PMC7533596 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.579162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Locomotion speed changes appear following hippocampal injury. We used a hippocampal penetrating brain injury mouse model to analyze other kinematic changes. We found a significant decrease in locomotion speed in both open-field and tunnel walk tests. We described a new quantitative method that allows us to analyze and compare the displacement curves between mice steps. In the tunnel walk, we marked mice with indelible ink on the knee, ankle, and metatarsus of the left and right hindlimbs to evaluate both in every step. Animals with hippocampal damage exhibit slower locomotion speed in both hindlimbs. In contrast, in the cortical injured group, we observed significant speed decrease only in the right hindlimb. We found changes in the displacement patterns after hippocampal injury. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles had been used for the treatment of several diseases in animal models. Here, we evaluated the effects of intranasal administration of endometrial mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles on the outcome after the hippocampal injury. We report the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 6 in these vesicles. We observed locomotion speed and displacement pattern preservation in mice after vesicle treatment. These mice had lower pyknotic cells percentage and a smaller damaged area in comparison with the nontreated group, probably due to angiogenesis, wound repair, and inflammation decrease. Our results build up on the evidence of the hippocampal role in walk control and suggest that the extracellular vesicles could confer neuroprotection to the damaged hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Carolina León-Moreno
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Tonala, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Rolando Castañeda-Arellano
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Transplant, Department of Physiology, cGMP Cell Processing Facility, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Irene Guadalupe Aguilar-García
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Elizabeth Torres-Anguiano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Tonala, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Coral Estefanía Gutiérrez-Almeida
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Luis Jesús Najar-Acosta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Tonala, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Mendizabal-Ruiz
- Department of Computer Sciences, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - César Rodolfo Ascencio-Piña
- Department of Computer Sciences, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Judith Marcela Dueñas-Jiménez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jorge David Rivas-Carrillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Tonala, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Sergio Horacio Dueñas-Jiménez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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