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Nella D, Panagopoulou E, Galanis N, Montgomery A, Benos A. Consequences of Job Insecurity on the Psychological and Physical Health of Greek Civil Servants. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:673623. [PMID: 26557687 PMCID: PMC4628735 DOI: 10.1155/2015/673623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the short term consequences of job insecurity associated with a newly introduced mobility framework in Greece. In specific, the study examined the impact of job insecurity on anxiety, depression, and psychosomatic and musculoskeletal symptoms, two months after the announcement of the mobility framework. In addition the study also examined the "spill over" effects of job insecurity on employees not directly affected by the mobility framework. Personal interviews using a structured questionnaire were conducted for 36 university administrative employees awaiting repositioning, 36 coworkers not at risk, and 28 administrative employees of a local hospital not at risk. Compared to both control groups the employees in the anticipation phase of labor mobility had significantly worse scores for perceived stress, anxiety, depression, positive affect, negative affect, social support, marital discord, common somatic symptoms, and frequency of musculoskeletal pain. This study highlights the immediate detrimental effects of job insecurity on the physical, psychological, and social functioning of employees. There is a need for the development of front line interventions to prevent these effects from developing into chronic conditions with considerable cost for the individual and society in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Nella
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 55131 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efharis Panagopoulou
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 55131 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikiforos Galanis
- Department of Orthopaedics, “Papageorgiou” General Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthony Montgomery
- Department of Educational and Social Policy, University of Macedonia, Egnatia Street 156, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexis Benos
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 55131 Thessaloniki, Greece
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152
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Macdonald W, Oakman J. Requirements for more effective prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:293. [PMID: 26466897 PMCID: PMC4606837 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposures to occupational hazards substantially increase workers' risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and can exacerbate pre-existing disorders. The effects on MSD risk of the physical requirements of work performance are well recognised, but there is now ample evidence that work-related psychosocial hazards can also have substantial effects; further, some hazards may be additive or interactive. This evidence is not reflected in current workplace risk management practices. DISCUSSION Barriers to more effective workplace management of MSD risk include: the widespread belief that risk arises largely or entirely from physical hazard exposures; regulatory and guidance documents targeting MSDs, most of which reflect this belief; risk assessment tools that focus narrowly on subsets of mainly physical hazards and yet generate outputs in the form of MSD risk indicators; and the conventional occupational health and safety (OHS) risk management paradigm, which is ill-suited to manage MSD risk. It is argued that improved workplace management of MSD risk requires a systems-based management framework and more holistic risk assessment and control procedures that address risk from all types of hazard together rather than in isolation from each other, and that support participation by workers themselves. New MSD risk management tools are needed to meet these requirements. Further, successful implementation of such changes is likely to require some restructuring of workplace responsibilities for MSD risk management. Line managers and supervisors often play key roles in generating hazards, both physical and psychosocial, so there is a need for their more active participation, along with OHS personnel and workers themselves, in routine risk assessment and control procedures. MSDs are one of our largest OHS problems, but workplace risk management procedures do not reflect current evidence concerning their work-related causes. Inadequate attention is given to assessing and controlling risk from psychosocial hazards, and the conventional risk management paradigm focuses too narrowly on risk from individual hazards rather than promoting the more holistic approach needed to manage the combined effects of all relevant hazards. Achievement of such changes requires new MSD risk management tools and better integration of the roles of OHS personnel with those of line managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Macdonald
- Centre for Ergonomics & Human Factors, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
| | - Jodi Oakman
- Centre for Ergonomics & Human Factors, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
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153
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Lourenço S, Carnide F, Benavides FG, Lucas R. Psychosocial Work Environment and Musculoskeletal Symptoms among 21-Year-Old Workers: A Population-Based Investigation (2011-2013). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130010. [PMID: 26076365 PMCID: PMC4468175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current labour market is becoming more flexible and informal, with job insecurity selectively affecting young workers. However, the role of these increasing adverse psychosocial working conditions on health outcomes remains little known among newly employed workers. Objective To estimate the associations between psychosocial work environment and musculoskeletal outcomes (widespread pain syndrome features and regional pain) in a population-based sample of young workers. Methods Cross-sectional data from workers aged 21 years were collected during the third wave of the EPITeen cohort study (2011-2013; n=650). The Job Content Questionnaire was used to characterize the psychosocial work environment according to the demand-control-support model. Data on pain and non-pain dimensions of the widespread pain syndrome (Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire) as well as on regional musculoskeletal pain (Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire) were also collected. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were computed using logistic regression and all estimates were adjusted for sex, education and occupational biomechanical demands. Results Job insecurity was significantly associated to the non-pain dimension of the widespread pain syndrome (adjusted OR [95% CI]=1.51 [1.08, 2.12]). Young workers with strain jobs were significantly more likely to report high levels of non-pain symptoms when compared with those with no-strain jobs and this effect was even stronger when social support was added to the main exposure: workers with strain jobs and low social support had twice the odds of reporting high levels of non-pain features than those with high strain but high social support jobs (adjusted OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.31). These significant associations were not observed when widespread pain or multisite regional pain were the outcomes. Conclusion In the beginning of professional life, high strain jobs were associated to non-pain complaints, especially when the work environment provided also low social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lourenço
- EPIUnit—Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Filomena Carnide
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada—Dafundo, Portugal
| | | | - Raquel Lucas
- EPIUnit—Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
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154
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Glaser J, Seubert C, Hornung S, Herbig B. The Impact of Learning Demands, Work-Related Resources, and Job Stressors on Creative Performance and Health. JOURNAL OF PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1027/1866-5888/a000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We propose an integrated model of learning demands, work-related resources, and job stressors that incorporates core assumptions of work design in predicting processes of learning and performance as well as health impairment. The model was tested in a heterogeneous sample of 830 employees using structural equation modeling. Empirical results largely support theoretical assumptions. Learning demands and work-related resources were positively related to intrinsic motivation and creative performance. Job stressors and low work-related resources were predictive for health impairment. The suggested tripartite taxonomy reconciles inconsistent research findings on the impact of work characteristics. The model provides practical guidance for work analysis and design by clarifying relationships between established work characteristics, job performance, and worker health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Glaser
- Institute of Psychology, Leopold Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Seubert
- Institute of Psychology, Leopold Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Severin Hornung
- Institute of Psychology, Leopold Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Britta Herbig
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU, Munich, Germany
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155
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Abstract
There is increasing interest in investigating work intensification as a new job demand. However, its contribution beyond the state of work intensity remains unclear and is thus far limited to two specific occupations. In the present study, I examine work intensification and work intensity simultaneously in their relations to health complaints based on a representative sample of the German workforce. The results show that the feeling of intensified work has unique effects beyond the state of intense work and even amplifies the effect of work intensity on psychosomatic complaints. With regard to musculoskeletal complaints, the effects are weaker and the interaction is not significant. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Franke
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Dortmund, Germany
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156
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Vargas-Prada S, Coggon D. Psychological and psychosocial determinants of musculoskeletal pain and associated disability. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2015; 29:374-90. [PMID: 26612236 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although much attention has been given to the physical determinants of common musculoskeletal complaints such as back and arm pain, research points to a stronger influence of psychological factors. Multiple studies have implicated poor mental health and somatisation (a tendency to worry about the common somatic symptoms) in the incidence and chronicity of musculoskeletal pain and associated disability. Also important are adverse beliefs about the prognosis of such disorders, and about the role of physical activity in their development and persistence. Differences in societal beliefs may have contributed to major variation in the prevalence of disabling musculoskeletal pain that has been observed between countries and in the same countries over time. Psychosocial aspects of work have also been linked with musculoskeletal pain, although relative risks have generally been smaller. There is a need to take account of psychological factors in the clinical management of patients with back, neck and arm pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Vargas-Prada
- Center for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Coggon
- Arthritis Research UK/MRC Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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157
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Williams JAR. Health-related employer support, recurring pain, and direct insurance costs for a self-insured employer. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:449. [PMID: 25930100 PMCID: PMC4426535 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor psychosocial workplace factors have been found to cause or exacerbate a variety of health problems, including pain. However, little work has focused on how psychosocial workplace factors, such as health-related employer support, relate to future medical expenditures after controlling for health. Health-related support has also not been well explored in previous literature as a psychosocial factor. This study estimated the association of health-related employer support and pain with future medical expenditures, after including many additional controls. METHODS This study used a restricted data set comprised of medical claims and survey data for one company in the U.S. Participants were included in the sample if they had worked for their employer for at least 12 months prior to the survey and if they were continuously eligible for health insurance (N=1,570). Future medical expenditures were measured using administrative claims data covering inpatient, outpatient, mental health and pharmaceutical insurance claims during a year. Health-related employer support was measured using participants' answers about whether the employer would support their efforts to positively change their emotional or physical health. Pain was measured as recurring pain from any condition over the previous year. RESULTS Having any physical health-related employer support was associated with a 0.06 increase in the probability of having future medical expenditures greater than zero, 95% CI [0.01, 0.11], but not with total expenditures. Having pain was associated with a 0.06 increase, 95% CI [0.04, 0.09], in the probability of having future medical expenditures greater than zero and with $3,027 additional total expenditures, 95% CI [$1,077, $4,987]. CONCLUSIONS After controlling for health and pain, psychosocial workplace factors were not robustly associated with future medical expenditures. Pain was associated with increased medical expenditures for the self-insured employer in this study, adjusting for a variety of factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A R Williams
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health; (current) Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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158
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Sonnentag S. Dynamics of Well-Being. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2015. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Sonnentag
- Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, D-68131 Mannheim, Germany;
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159
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Oberlinner C, Yong M, Nasterlack M, Pluto RP, Lang S. Combined effect of back pain and stress on work ability. Occup Med (Lond) 2015; 65:147-53. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqu190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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160
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Abstract
Low-back pain is one of the most common painful conditions experienced by humans throughout their life. Some occupational risk factors (namely, heavy manual material handling) may also contribute to the development of low-back pain: due to the high prevalence of both low-back pain and manual material handling in the adult working population, it has been estimated that low-back pain is probably the most common occupational disorder worldwide. Lifetime prevalence of low-back pain has been reported to be as high as 84%, depending on the case definition used, and no age group is spared, even children. Although low-back pain is not a lethal condition, it was estimated at the third rank among all diseases by disability-adjusted life-years in 2010 in the USA, after ischemic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and at the first rank by years lived with disability. It also ranked high (13th) globally for the same year, in disability-adjusted life-years. Low-back pain is currently classified as nonspecific/specific as to putative cause and as acute (lasting less than 6 weeks), subacute (6-12 weeks), or chronic (more than 12 weeks) according to duration of symptoms. The distinction between nonspecific/specific and acute/subacute/chronic low-back pain is useful not only for epidemiologic studies, but also (mainly) for choosing the appropriate strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder. Workplace risk factors for low-back pain include manual lifting and whole-body vibration exposure. This chapter will provide an overview of modern concepts of low-back pain (in general) and will then outline some distinctive features of work-related low-back pain.
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161
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Kulmala J, Hinrichs T, Törmäkangas T, von Bonsdorff MB, von Bonsdorff ME, Nygård CH, Klockars M, Seitsamo J, Ilmarinen J, Rantanen T. Work-related stress in midlife is associated with higher number of mobility limitation in older age-results from the FLAME study. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9722. [PMID: 25378119 PMCID: PMC4223109 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate whether work-related stress symptoms in midlife are associated with a number of mobility limitations during three decades from midlife to late life. Data for the study come from the Finnish Longitudinal Study of Municipal Employees (FLAME). The study includes a total of 5429 public sector employees aged 44-58 years at baseline who had information available on work-related stress symptoms in 1981 and 1985 and mobility limitation score during the subsequent 28-year follow-up. Four midlife work-related stress profiles were identified: negative reactions to work and depressiveness, perceived decrease in cognition, sleep disturbances, and somatic symptoms. People with a high number of stress symptoms in 1981 and 1985 were categorized as having constant stress. The number of self-reported mobility limitations was computed based on an eight-item list of mobility tasks presented to the participants in 1992, 1997, and 2009. Data were analyzed using joint Poisson regression models. The study showed that depending on the stress profile, persons suffering from constant stress in midlife had a higher risk of 30-70 % for having one more mobility limitation during the following 28 years compared to persons without stress after adjusting for mortality, several lifestyle factors, and chronic conditions. A less pronounced risk increase (20-40 %) was observed for persons with occasional symptoms. The study suggests that effective interventions aiming to reduce work-related stress should focus on both primary and secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Kulmala
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland,
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162
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Taylor JB, Goode AP, George SZ, Cook CE. Incidence and risk factors for first-time incident low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine J 2014; 14:2299-319. [PMID: 24462537 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Great effort has been made toward limiting low back pain (LBP). Recent focus has included factors involved with secondary and tertiary prevention, with less attention given to primary prevention. PURPOSE This review provided a current estimate of the incidence of LBP and risk factors associated with either first-time LBP or transition to LBP from a baseline of a pain-free state. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analyses were performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PATIENT SAMPLE Studies included subjects aged 18 years or older, from longitudinal, observational, cohort designs that included baseline risk factors to an outcome of either first-time LBP or transition to LBP from a baseline of a pain-free state. OUTCOME MEASURES Risk factors and incidence rates were reported using descriptive analysis and the PRISMA guidelines. METHODS Electronic search strategies in PubMed, CINAHL/SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were combined with a hand search to identify articles for inclusion. Studies were classified based on the population studied (community vs. occupational based) and type of LBP outcome (first ever vs. transition from a baseline pain-free state). RESULTS A total of 41 studies were included for review. Meta-analytical incidence rates for first-time LBP and transition to pain from a pain-free state were similar (∼25%), regardless of community or occupational populations. Risk factors for first-time LBP or transition to LBP from a baseline of a pain-free state were psychosocial and physically related. No consistent risk factor emerged as predictive of first-time LBP, although prior LBP was a consistent predictor of future incident LBP. Significant heterogeneity was found across studies in most models, which limits these findings. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that incidence of LBP is similar in community and occupational settings regardless of LBP definition. There were multiple diverse physical and psychosocial risk factors for first-time LBP. A history of LBP was the most consistent risk factor for transition to LBP from a baseline of a pain-free state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Taylor
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, 833 Montlieu Ave., High Point, NC 27262, USA.
| | - Adam P Goode
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Steven Z George
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, 355 Tigert Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Chad E Cook
- Department of Physical Therapy, Walsh University, 2020 East Maple St, North Canton, OH 44720, USA
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163
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Solovieva S, Pensola T, Kausto J, Shiri R, Heliövaara M, Burdorf A, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Viikari-Juntura E. Evaluation of the validity of job exposure matrix for psychosocial factors at work. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108987. [PMID: 25268276 PMCID: PMC4182611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the performance of a developed job exposure matrix (JEM) for the assessment of psychosocial factors at work in terms of accuracy, possible misclassification bias and predictive ability to detect known associations with depression and low back pain (LBP). MATERIALS AND METHODS We utilized two large population surveys (the Health 2000 Study and the Finnish Work and Health Surveys), one to construct the JEM and another to test matrix performance. In the first study, information on job demands, job control, monotonous work and social support at work was collected via face-to-face interviews. Job strain was operationalized based on job demands and job control using quadrant approach. In the second study, the sensitivity and specificity were estimated applying a Bayesian approach. The magnitude of misclassification error was examined by calculating the biased odds ratios as a function of the sensitivity and specificity of the JEM and fixed true prevalence and odds ratios. Finally, we adjusted for misclassification error the observed associations between JEM measures and selected health outcomes. RESULTS The matrix showed a good accuracy for job control and job strain, while its performance for other exposures was relatively low. Without correction for exposure misclassification, the JEM was able to detect the association between job strain and depression in men and between monotonous work and LBP in both genders. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that JEM more accurately identifies occupations with low control and high strain than those with high demands or low social support. Overall, the present JEM is a useful source of job-level psychosocial exposures in epidemiological studies lacking individual-level exposure information. Furthermore, we showed the applicability of a Bayesian approach in the evaluation of the performance of the JEM in a situation where, in practice, no gold standard of exposure assessment exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Solovieva
- Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Disability Prevention Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Pensola
- Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Kausto
- Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Disability Prevention Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rahman Shiri
- Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Disability Prevention Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Alex Burdorf
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsti Husgafvel-Pursiainen
- Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Disability Prevention Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eira Viikari-Juntura
- Disability Prevention Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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164
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Bonzini M, Bertu' L, Veronesi G, Conti M, Coggon D, Ferrario MM. Is musculoskeletal pain a consequence or a cause of occupational stress? A longitudinal study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2014; 88:607-12. [PMID: 25261316 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-014-0982-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Longitudinal studies have linked stress at work with a higher incidence of musculoskeletal pain. We aimed to explore the extent to which musculoskeletal pain is a cause as opposed to a consequence of perceived occupational stress. METHODS As part of the international cultural and psychosocial influences on disability study, we collected information from 305 Italian nurses, at baseline and again after 12 months, about pain during the past month in the low-back and neck/shoulder, and about effort-reward imbalance (ERI) (assessed by Siegrist's ERI questionnaire). Poisson regression was used to assess the RR of ERI >1 at follow-up according to the report of pain and of ERI >1 at baseline. RESULTS Among nurses with ERI ≤1 at baseline, ERI >1 at follow-up was associated with baseline report of pain in the low-back (RR 2.7, 95 % CI 1.4-5.0) and neck/shoulder (RR 2.6, 95 % CI 1.3-5.1). However, there was no corresponding association with persistence of ERI in nurses who already had ERI >1 at baseline. Associations of ERI at baseline with pain at follow-up were weak. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the well-documented association between job stress and musculoskeletal pain is not explained entirely by an effect of stress on reporting of pain. It appears also that workers who report musculoskeletal pain are more likely to develop subsequent perceptions of stress. This may be because pain renders people less tolerant of the psychological demands of work. Another possibility is that reports of pain and stress are both manifestations of a general tendency to be aware of and complain about symptoms and difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bonzini
- Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Research Centre, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy,
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165
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Time-course of occupational psychological and social factors as predictors of new-onset and persistent neck pain: A three-wave prospective study over 4 years. Pain 2014; 155:1262-1271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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166
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Abstract
Psychosoziale Arbeitsbedingungen, wie Arbeitsstressoren und –ressourcen, stehen im engen Zusammenhang mit der Entstehung von Rückenschmerzen. Die Wahrnehmung und der Umgang mit den Arbeitsbedingungen hängen jedoch stark von dem eigenen Erholungszustand und besonders von der Fähigkeit ab, sich in der Freizeit von belastenden Arbeitsbedingungen zu distanzieren (Detachment). Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, den Einfluss von Detachment auf den Zusammenhang von psychosozialen Arbeitsbedingungen und Rückenschmerz genauer zu untersuchen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Onlinebefragung bei insgesamt 647 Verwaltungsangestellten von 13 Hochschulen in NRW durchgeführt. Die Befragten wurden in zwei Gruppen, eine mit Rückenbeschwerden und eine ohne Rückenbeschwerden, unterteilt. Personen mit Rückenschmerzen zeigten deutlich ungünstigere Arbeitsbedingungen auf und hatten niedrigere Detachment-Werte. Zudem konnte mittels logistischer Regressionsanalyse der moderierende Einfluss von Detachment auf den Zusammenhang von Arbeitsstressoren mit Rückenschmerzen bestätigt werden. Auch der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Organisationsklima und Rückenschmerzen wurde durch Detachment moderiert. Der Einfluss des Detachments war dabei besonders ausgeprägt, wenn die Arbeitnehmer/innen starken Belastungen durch Arbeitsstressoren und einem unterstützenden Organisationsklima ausgesetzt waren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Mierswa
- Lehr- und Forschungsbereich Sportpsychologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - Michael Kellmann
- Lehr- und Forschungsbereich Sportpsychologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
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Söderberg M, Härenstam A, Rosengren A, Schiöler L, Olin AC, Lissner L, Waern M, Torén K. Psychosocial work environment, job mobility and gender differences in turnover behaviour: a prospective study among the Swedish general population. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:605. [PMID: 24927628 PMCID: PMC4073185 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Throughout the literature, substantial evidence supports associations between poor psychosocial work characteristics and a variety of ill-health outcomes. Yet, few reports strategies workers carry out to improve detrimental work conditions and consequently their health, such as changing jobs. The aim of this study was to examine if adverse psychosocial work exposure, as measured with the job demand-control and effort-reward imbalance models, could predict job mobility over a 5 years observation period. Method Participants were working men and women (n = 940; 54.3% women), aged 24–60 years from the population of Gothenburg and surrounding metropolitan area. Job demand-control and effort-reward variables were compared with independent t-tests and chi2-test in persons with and without job mobility. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse whether psychosocial factors could predict job mobility. All regression analyses were stratified by gender. Results Exposure to a combination of high demands-low control or high imbalance between effort and reward was related to increased odds of changing jobs (OR 1.63; CI 1.03-2.59 and OR 1.46; CI 1.13-1.89 respectively). When analysing men and women separately, men had a higher OR of changing jobs when exposed to either high demands-low control (OR 2.72; CI 1.24-5.98) or high effort-reward imbalance (OR 1.74; CI 1.11-2.72) compared to reference values. The only significant associations for women was slightly decreased odds for turnover in high reward jobs (OR 0.96; CI 0.92-0.99). Conclusions The results indicate that workers will seek to improve poor work environment by changing jobs. There were notable gender differences, where men tended to engage in job mobility when exposed to adverse psychosocial factors, while women did not. The lack of measures for mechanisms driving job mobility was a limitation of this study, thus preventing conclusions regarding psychosocial factors as the primary source for job mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Söderberg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institution of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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168
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Golubovich J, Chang CH, Eatough EM. Safety climate, hardiness, and musculoskeletal complaints: a mediated moderation model. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2014; 45:757-766. [PMID: 24169091 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the mechanisms linking the psychosocial characteristics of the workplace with employees' work-related musculoskeletal complaints. Poor safety climate perceptions represent a stressor that may elicit frustration, and subsequently, increase employees' reports of musculoskeletal discomforts. Results from an employee sample supported that when employees' perceived safety was considered a priority, they experienced less frustration and reported fewer work-related upper body musculoskeletal symptoms. Psychological hardiness, a personality trait that is indicative of individuals' resilience and success in managing stressful circumstances, moderated these relationships. Interestingly, employees with high hardiness were more affected by poor safety climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliya Golubovich
- Michigan State University, Department of Psychology, 316 Physics Road, Room 348, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Chu-Hsiang Chang
- Michigan State University, Department of Psychology, 316 Physics Road, Room 348, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Erin M Eatough
- The City University of New York, Baruch College, Department of Psychology, One Bernard Baruch Way, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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169
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Clay L, Treharne GJ, Hay-Smith EJC, Milosavljevic S. Is workplace satisfaction associated with self-reported quad bike loss of control events among farm workers in New Zealand? APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2014; 45:496-502. [PMID: 23876985 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether rural workers who have higher workplace satisfaction are less likely to report quad bike loss of control events (LCEs). Two independent samples of farmers completed a survey regarding LCEs and workplace satisfaction. In the first sample (n = 130) analysis revealed no relationship (p = 0.74) between workplace satisfaction and LCEs but lower rates of LCEs were reported by employees (IRR 0.52, 95%CI 0.31-0.86) compared to self-employed participants. In the second sample (n = 112), workplace satisfaction was weakly related to LCEs (IRR 1.04, 95%CI 1.00, to 1.09) with participants who found their job more psychologically demanding more likely to have had an LCE (IRR 1.14, 95%CI 1.05-1.23). Exploring the role of psychological demands on safety behaviour with respect to quad bike use, may help to address this important safety issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Clay
- School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Rehabilitation Teaching and Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | | | - E Jean C Hay-Smith
- Rehabilitation Teaching and Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Stephan Milosavljevic
- School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; School of Physical Therapy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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170
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Marker RJ, Stephenson JL, Kluger BM, Curran-Everett D, Maluf KS. Modulation of intracortical inhibition in response to acute psychosocial stress is impaired among individuals with chronic neck pain. J Psychosom Res 2014; 76:249-56. [PMID: 24529046 PMCID: PMC9288141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychosocial stress has been associated with a variety of chronic pain disorders although the mechanisms responsible for this relationship are unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the excitability of intracortical and corticospinal pathways to the trapezius muscle in individuals with and without chronic neck pain during exposure to low and high levels of psychosocial stress. METHODS Single and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) during mental math performed in the presence and absence of social evaluative threat. RESULTS All participants demonstrated higher amplitude MEPs in the high stress compared to the low stress condition (p < 0.01). Participants with chronic neck pain had significantly greater SICI than healthy participants in the low stress condition (p = 0.03). During exposure to the stressor, healthy participants showed an increase in SICI, whereas participants with neck pain showed no change (group difference for change in SICI, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that individuals with chronic neck pain inhibit motor output to the trapezius in the presence of minor stressors, and are unable to compensate for additional stress-evoked increases in corticospinal excitability through further modulation of SICI. This observation has potential implications for the management of patients who have difficulty relaxing painful muscles during times of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Marker
- Rehabilitation Science Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Stephenson
- Clinical Science Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Benzi M. Kluger
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Douglas Curran-Everett
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA and Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Katrina S. Maluf
- Rehabilitation Science Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Thiede M, Liebers F, Seidler A, Gravemeyer S, Latza U. Gender specific analysis of occupational diseases of the low back caused by carrying, lifting or extreme trunk flexion--use of a prevention index to identify occupations with high prevention needs. Am J Ind Med 2014; 57:233-44. [PMID: 24243091 PMCID: PMC4225683 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender specific analysis of the occupational disease of the lumbar spine caused by carrying, lifting, or extreme trunk flexion in Germany (OD No.2108) with the aim to identify areas of focus for prevention and research with a prevention index (PI). METHODS Data from the German Statutory Accident Insurance stratified by gender are shown. RESULTS From 2002 until 2009 there were 2,877 confirmed cases of an OD No. 2108 (40.1% male and 59.1% female). The PI indicated the highest prevention need for female nursing/midwifery associate professionals and male building frame and related trades workers. Patient transfer and working in extremely bent posture were the most frequent exposures. CONCLUSIONS The identified occupations with high need for prevention among men come from nearly all major occupational groups whereas women cluster in occupational groups from the health and care sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Thiede
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Research Unit 3.1 Prevention of Work‐Related DisordersBerlinGermany
| | - Falk Liebers
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Research Unit 3.1 Prevention of Work‐Related DisordersBerlinGermany
| | - Andreas Seidler
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational and Social MedicineTechnical University DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Stefan Gravemeyer
- Head of the Division for Occupational Diseases StatisticsGermany Statutory Accident Insurance (DGUV), Statistic UnitSt. AugustinGermany
| | - Ute Latza
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Research Unit 3.1 Prevention of Work‐Related DisordersBerlinGermany
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172
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Koch P, Schablon A, Latza U, Nienhaus A. Musculoskeletal pain and effort-reward imbalance--a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:37. [PMID: 24428955 PMCID: PMC3898401 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal pain may be triggered by physical strains and psychosocial risk factors. The effort-reward imbalance model (ERI model) is a stress model which measures psychosocial factors in the working world. The question is whether workers with an effort-reward imbalance report musculoskeletal pain more frequently than those with no effort-reward imbalance. A systematic review using a best evidence synthesis approach was conducted to answer this question. Methods A literature search was conducted for the period from 1996 to 2012, using three databases (Pubmed, Embase and PsycINFO). The research criteria related to psychosocial, work-related stress as per the ERI model and to musculoskeletal pain. A quality score was developed using various quality criteria to assess the standard of the studies. The level of evidence was graded as in (Am J Ind Med 39:180–193, 2001). Results After applying the inclusion criteria, a total of 19 studies were included in the review: 15 cross-sectional studies, three prospective studies and one case–control study. 74% of all studies exhibited good methodological quality, 53% collected data using the original ERI questionnaire, and in 42% of the studies, there was adequate control for physical working conditions. Furthermore, different cut-off points were used to classify exposed and non-exposed individuals. On the basis of 13 studies with a positive, statistically significant association, a moderate level of evidence was inferred for the association between effort-reward imbalance and musculoskeletal pain. The evidence for a role of over-commitment and for its interaction with effort-reward imbalance was rated as inconclusive - on the basis of eight and five studies, respectively. Conclusions On the basis of the available evidence, no reliable conclusion may be drawn about any association between the psychosocial factors ascertained using the ERI model and musculoskeletal pain. Before a reliable statement can be made on the association between ERI and musculoskeletal pain, additional longitudinal studies must be performed - with a standardised method for recording and classifying exposure, as well as control of physical confounders. Appropriate preventive measures can then be specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Koch
- Centre of Excellence for Epidemiology and Health Services Research for Healthcare Professionals (CVcare), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
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173
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Kuehnl A, Rehfuess E, von Elm E, Nowak D, Glaser J. Human resource management training of supervisors for improving health and well-being of employees. Hippokratia 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kuehnl
- University of Innsbruck; Institute of Psychology, Department for Applied Psychology; Maximilianstrasse 2 Innsbruck Austria A-6020
- University of Munich; Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine; Ziemssenstrasse 1 Munich Germany 80336
| | - Eva Rehfuess
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology; Marchioninistr. 15 Munich Germany 81377
| | - Erik von Elm
- Lausanne University Hospital; Cochrane Switzerland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine; Route de la Corniche 10 Lausanne Switzerland CH-1010
| | - Dennis Nowak
- University of Munich; Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine; Ziemssenstrasse 1 Munich Germany 80336
| | - Jürgen Glaser
- University of Innsbruck; Institute of Psychology, Department for Applied Psychology; Maximilianstrasse 2 Innsbruck Austria A-6020
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174
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Fekete C, Wahrendorf M, Reinhardt JD, Post MWM, Siegrist J. Work stress and quality of life in persons with disabilities from four European countries: the case of spinal cord injury. Qual Life Res 2014; 23:1661-71. [PMID: 24384737 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-013-0610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the adverse effects of work stress on quality of life (QoL) is largely derived from general populations, while respective information is lacking for people with disabilities. We investigated associations between work stress and QoL and the potentially moderating role of socioeconomic circumstances in employed persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS Cross-sectional data from 386 employed men and women with SCI (≥18 work h/week) from the Netherlands, Switzerland, Denmark, and Norway were analyzed. Work stress was assessed with the 'effort-reward imbalance' (ERI) model and the control component of the 'demand/control' model. QoL was operationalized with five WHOQoL BREF items. Socioeconomic circumstances were measured by years of formal education and perception of financial hardship. We applied ordinal and linear regressions to predict QoL and introduced interaction terms to assess a potential moderation of socioeconomic circumstances. RESULTS Multivariate analyses showed consistent associations between increased ERI and decreased overall QoL (coefficient -1.55, p < 0.001), domain-specific life satisfaction (health -1.32, p < 0.001; activities of daily living -1.28, p < 0.001; relationships -0.84, p = 0.004; living conditions -1.05, p < 0.001), and the QoL sum score (-2.40, p < 0.001). Low job control was linked to decreased general QoL (0.13, p = 0.015), satisfaction with relationships (0.15, p = 0.004), and QoL sum score (0.15, p = 0.029). None of the tested interaction terms were significant. CONCLUSION ERI was consistently related to all indicators of QoL, while associations with job control were less consistent. Our results do not support the notion that unfavorable socioeconomic circumstances moderate the association between work stress and QoL among persons with SCI.
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175
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Runeson-Broberg R, Lindgren T, Norbäck D. Musculoskeletal symptoms and psychosocial work environment, among Swedish commercial pilots. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2013; 87:685-93. [PMID: 24091838 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-013-0911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The associations between psychosocial work conditions and health in pilots are understudied, and therefore, the associations between the psychosocial work conditions and musculoskeletal problems among Swedish commercial pilots were investigated. METHODS In 2010, a self-administered questionnaire study was performed among pilots in one Swedish commercial airline: 354 pilots participated (61 %). Musculoskeletal symptoms and the psychosocial work conditions measured by the demand control social support model were investigated. Odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were expressed per change of one unit on the interquartile score scale. RESULTS Pilots on long-haul flights had less elbow symptoms (OR 0.34, 95 % CI 0.14-0.85), and women had more hand symptoms (OR 2.90, 95 % CI 1.11-7.52). There were associations between high work demands and symptoms from the neck (OR 2.04, 95 % CI 1.45-2.88), shoulders (OR 1.46, 95 % 1.05-2.03), elbows (OR 1.79, 95 % CI 1.10-2.90) and low back (OR 1.42, 95 % CI 1.02-1.96) in pilots. Low social support was associated with symptoms from the neck (OR 1.87, 95 % 1.35-2.58), shoulders (OR 1.56, 95 % CI 1.14-2.14) and low back (OR 1.63, 95 % CI 1.18-2.24). Low supervisor support was associated with neck (OR 1.67, 95 % CI 1.22-2.27), shoulders (OR 1.38, 95 % CI 1.02-1.87) and low back symptoms (OR 1.48, 95 % CI 1.09-2.01). The associations were mainly found among first officers. CONCLUSIONS Musculoskeletal symptoms in pilots can be affected by poor psychosocial work conditions such as high demands and low social support, especially for first officers. The psychosocial aspects of organisational changes in commercial airlines should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Runeson-Broberg
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden,
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Ropponen A, Svedberg P, Kalso E, Koskenvuo M, Silventoinen K, Kaprio J. A prospective twin cohort study of disability pensions due to musculoskeletal diagnoses in relation to stability and change in pain. Pain 2013; 154:1966-1972. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kim H, Jayaraman S, Landsbergis P, Markowitz S, Kim S, Dropkin J. Perceived discrimination from management and musculoskeletal symptoms among New York City restaurant workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2013; 19:196-206. [PMID: 23816262 DOI: 10.1179/2049396713y.0000000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with other restaurant hazards, organizational stressors are an understudied topic. Among organizational stressors, discrimination from management (DFM) appears widespread. OBJECTIVE Objectives were to assess the prevalence and links between musculoskeletal symptoms (MSSs) in three anatomical regions and five sources of DFM. METHODS A cross-sectional, interviewer-administered survey among restaurant workers was used. Participants were randomly selected by type and geographic distribution. RESULTS Eighty-four percent of workers reported having MSSs in at least one anatomical region. The prevalence of severe MSSs was 24·9%. The strongest association between DFM and frequency of MSSs was "upper extremities." The strongest association between DFM and severity of MSSs was "any anatomical location." Thirty-four percent of restaurant workers reported DFM; age was the most prevalent source of DFM. CONCLUSIONS In general, associations between DFM and MSSs were stronger by frequency than severity. The largest number of significant associations by sources of DFM was language and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kim
- North Shore LIJ Health System, Great Neck, NY, USA
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Kim SS, Okechukwu CA, Buxton OM, Dennerlein JT, Boden LI, Hashimoto DM, Sorensen G. Association between work-family conflict and musculoskeletal pain among hospital patient care workers. Am J Ind Med 2013; 56:488-95. [PMID: 23019044 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests that work-family conflict is an important risk factor for workers' health and well-being. The goal of this study is to examine association between work-family conflict and musculoskeletal pain among hospital patient care workers. METHODS We analyzed a cross-sectional survey of 1,119 hospital patient care workers in 105 units in two urban, academic hospitals. Work-family conflict was measured by 5-item Work-Family Conflict Scale questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression was applied to examine associations between work-family conflict and self-reported musculoskeletal pain in the past 3 months, adjusting for covariates including work-related psychosocial factors and physical work factors. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, high work-family conflict was strongly associated with neck or shoulder pain (OR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.64-3.34), arm pain (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.64-4.75), lower extremity pain (OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.54-3.15) and any musculoskeletal pain (OR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.56-3.85), and a number of body areas in pain (OR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.82-3.36) in the past 3 months. The association with low back pain was attenuated and became non-significant after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Given the consistent associations between work-family conflict and self-reported musculoskeletal pains, the results suggest that work-family conflict could be an important domain for health promotion and workplace policy development among hospital patient care workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Sup Kim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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Kim SS, Okechukwu CA, Dennerlein JT, Boden LI, Hopcia K, Hashimoto DM, Sorensen G. Association between perceived inadequate staffing and musculoskeletal pain among hospital patient care workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2013; 87:323-30. [PMID: 23475312 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-013-0864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine association between perceived inadequate staffing and musculoskeletal pain and to evaluate the role of work-related psychosocial and physical work factors in the association among hospital patient care workers. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,572 patient care workers in two academic hospitals. Perceived inadequate staffing was measured using the "staffing adequacy subscale" of Nursing Work Index, which is a continuous scale that averages estimates of staffing adequacy by workers in the same units. Musculoskeletal pain (i.e., neck/shoulder, arm, low back, lower extremity, any musculoskeletal pain, and the number of area in pain) in the past 3 months was assessed using a self-reported Nordic questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression was applied to examine associations between perceived inadequate staffing and musculoskeletal pain, considering clustering among the workers in the same units. RESULTS We found significant associations of perceived inadequate staffing with back pain (OR 1.50, 95 % CI 1.06, 2.14) and the number of body area in pain (OR 1.42, 95 % CI 1.01, 2.00) after adjusting for confounders including work characteristics (job title, having a second job or not, day shift or not, and worked hours per week). When we additionally adjusted for physical work factors (i.e., use of a lifting device, and the amount of the time for each of five physical activities on the job), only the association between perceived inadequate staffing and back pain remained significant (OR 1.50, 95 % CI 1.03, 2.19), whereas none of the associations was significant for all of musculoskeletal pains including back pain (OR 0.96, 95 % CI 0.66, 1.41) when we additionally adjusted for work-related psychosocial factors (i.e., job demands, job control, supervisor support, and co-worker support) instead of physical work factors. CONCLUSIONS Perceived inadequate staffing may be associated with higher prevalence of back pain, and work-related psychosocial factor may play an important role in the potential pathway linking staffing level to back pain among hospital workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Sup Kim
- Department of Healthcare Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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