151
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Tapella L, Cerruti M, Biocotino I, Stevano A, Rocchio F, Canonico PL, Grilli M, Genazzani AA, Lim D. TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 from cultured β-amyloid-treated or 3xTg-AD-derived astrocytes may mediate astrocyte-neuron communication. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:211-221. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Matteo Cerruti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Isabella Biocotino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Alessio Stevano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Francesca Rocchio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Canonico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”; 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”; 28100 Novara Italy
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152
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Tosello V, Saccomani V, Yu J, Bordin F, Amadori A, Piovan E. Calcineurin complex isolated from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells identifies new signaling pathways including mTOR/AKT/S6K whose inhibition synergize with calcineurin inhibition to promote T-ALL cell death. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45715-45729. [PMID: 27304189 PMCID: PMC5216755 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin (Cn) is a calcium activated protein phosphatase involved in many aspects of normal T cell physiology, however the role of Cn and/or its downstream targets in leukemogenesis are still ill-defined. In order to identify putative downstream targets/effectors involved in the pro-oncogenic activity of Cn in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) we used tandem affinity chromatography, followed by mass spectrometry to purify novel Cn-interacting partners. We found the Cn-interacting proteins to be part of numerous cellular signaling pathways including eIF2 signaling and mTOR signaling. Coherently, modulation of Cn activity in T-ALL cells determined alterations in the phosphorylation status of key molecules implicated in protein translation such as eIF-2α and ribosomal protein S6. Joint targeting of PI3K-mTOR, eIF-2α and 14-3-3 signaling pathways with Cn unveiled novel synergistic pro-apoptotic drug combinations. Further analysis disclosed that the synergistic interaction between PI3K-mTOR and Cn inhibitors was prevalently due to AKT inhibition. Finally, we showed that the synergistic pro-apoptotic response determined by jointly targeting AKT and Cn pathways was linked to down-modulation of key anti-apoptotic proteins including Mcl-1, Claspin and XIAP. In conclusion, we identify AKT inhibition as a novel promising drug combination to potentiate the pro-apoptotic effects of Cn inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tosello
- UOC Immunologia e Diagnostica Molecolare Oncologica, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Valentina Saccomani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Sezione di Oncologia, Universita' di Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Present address: Department of Precision Medicine, Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Pearl River, NY, 10965, USA
| | - Fulvio Bordin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Sezione di Oncologia, Universita' di Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Alberto Amadori
- UOC Immunologia e Diagnostica Molecolare Oncologica, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, Padova, 35128, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Sezione di Oncologia, Universita' di Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Erich Piovan
- UOC Immunologia e Diagnostica Molecolare Oncologica, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, Padova, 35128, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Sezione di Oncologia, Universita' di Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
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153
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Wild AR, Dell'Acqua ML. Potential for therapeutic targeting of AKAP signaling complexes in nervous system disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 185:99-121. [PMID: 29262295 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A common feature of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders is a breakdown in the integrity of intracellular signal transduction pathways. Dysregulation of ion channels and receptors in the cell membrane and the enzymatic mediators that link them to intracellular effectors can lead to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. However, therapeutic targeting of these ubiquitous signaling elements can lead to off-target side effects due to their widespread expression in multiple systems of the body. A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) are multivalent scaffolding proteins that compartmentalize a diverse range of receptor and effector proteins to streamline signaling within nanodomain signalosomes. A number of essential neurological processes are known to critically depend on AKAP-directed signaling and an understanding of the role AKAPs play in nervous system disorders has emerged in recent years. Selective targeting of AKAP protein-protein interactions may be a means to uncouple pathologically active signaling pathways in neurological disorders with a greater degree of specificity. In this review we will discuss the role of AKAPs in both regulating normal nervous system function and dysfunction associated with disease, and the potential for therapeutic targeting of AKAP signaling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Wild
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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154
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Romano DR, Pharris MC, Patel NM, Kinzer-Ursem TL. Competitive tuning: Competition's role in setting the frequency-dependence of Ca2+-dependent proteins. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005820. [PMID: 29107982 PMCID: PMC5690689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of neurological disorders arise from perturbations in biochemical signaling and protein complex formation within neurons. Normally, proteins form networks that when activated produce persistent changes in a synapse’s molecular composition. In hippocampal neurons, calcium ion (Ca2+) flux through N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors activates Ca2+/calmodulin signal transduction networks that either increase or decrease the strength of the neuronal synapse, phenomena known as long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD), respectively. The calcium-sensor calmodulin (CaM) acts as a common activator of the networks responsible for both LTP and LTD. This is possible, in part, because CaM binding proteins are “tuned” to different Ca2+ flux signals by their unique binding and activation dynamics. Computational modeling is used to describe the binding and activation dynamics of Ca2+/CaM signal transduction and can be used to guide focused experimental studies. Although CaM binds over 100 proteins, practical limitations cause many models to include only one or two CaM-activated proteins. In this work, we view Ca2+/CaM as a limiting resource in the signal transduction pathway owing to its low abundance relative to its binding partners. With this view, we investigate the effect of competitive binding on the dynamics of CaM binding partner activation. Using an explicit model of Ca2+, CaM, and seven highly-expressed hippocampal CaM binding proteins, we find that competition for CaM binding serves as a tuning mechanism: the presence of competitors shifts and sharpens the Ca2+ frequency-dependence of CaM binding proteins. Notably, we find that simulated competition may be sufficient to recreate the in vivo frequency dependence of the CaM-dependent phosphatase calcineurin. Additionally, competition alone (without feedback mechanisms or spatial parameters) could replicate counter-intuitive experimental observations of decreased activation of Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II in knockout models of neurogranin. We conclude that competitive tuning could be an important dynamic process underlying synaptic plasticity. Learning and memory formation are likely associated with dynamic fluctuations in the connective strength of neuronal synapses. These fluctuations, called synaptic plasticity, are regulated by calcium ion (Ca2+) influx through ion channels localized to the post-synaptic membrane. Within the post-synapse, the dominant Ca2+ sensor protein, calmodulin (CaM), may activate a variety of downstream binding partners, each contributing to synaptic plasticity outcomes. The conditions at which certain binding partners most strongly activate are increasingly studied using computational models. Nearly all computational studies describe these binding partners in combinations of only one or two CaM binding proteins. In contrast, we combine seven well-studied CaM binding partners into a single model wherein they simultaneously compete for access to CaM. Our dynamic model suggests that competition narrows the window of conditions for optimal activation of some binding partners, mimicking the Ca2+-frequency dependence of some proteins in vivo. Further characterization of CaM-dependent signaling dynamics in neuronal synapses may benefit our understanding of learning and memory formation. Furthermore, we propose that competitive binding may be another framework, alongside feedback and feed-forward loops, signaling motifs, and spatial localization, that can be applied to other signal transduction networks, particularly second messenger cascades, to explain the dynamical behavior of protein activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Romano
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Matthew C. Pharris
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Neal M. Patel
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Tamara L. Kinzer-Ursem
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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155
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Ravel-Chapuis A, Bélanger G, Côté J, Michel RN, Jasmin BJ. Misregulation of calcium-handling proteins promotes hyperactivation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling in skeletal muscle of DM1 mice. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2192-2206. [PMID: 28369518 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by an expansion of CUG repeats in DMPK mRNAs. This mutation affects alternative splicing through misregulation of RNA-binding proteins. Amongst pre-mRNAs that are mis-spliced, several code for proteins involved in calcium homeostasis suggesting that calcium-handling and signaling are perturbed in DM1. Here, we analyzed expression of such proteins in DM1 mouse muscle. We found that the levels of several sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins (SERCA1, sarcolipin and calsequestrin) are altered, likely contributing to an imbalance in calcium homeostasis. We also observed that calcineurin (CnA) signaling is hyperactivated in DM1 muscle. Indeed, CnA expression and phosphatase activity are both markedly increased in DM1 muscle. Coherent with this, we found that activators of the CnA pathway (MLP, FHL1) are also elevated. Consequently, NFATc1 expression is increased in DM1 muscle and becomes relocalized to myonuclei, together with an up-regulation of its transcriptional targets (RCAN1.4 and myoglobin). Accordingly, DM1 mouse muscles display an increase in oxidative metabolism and fiber hypertrophy. To determine the functional consequences of this CnA hyperactivation, we administered cyclosporine A, an inhibitor of CnA, to DM1 mice. Muscles of treated DM1 mice showed an increase in CUGBP1 levels, and an exacerbation of key alternative splicing events associated with DM1. Finally, inhibition of CnA in cultured human DM1 myoblasts also resulted in a splicing exacerbation of the insulin receptor. Together, these findings show for the first time that calcium-CnA signaling is hyperactivated in DM1 muscle and that such hyperactivation represents a beneficial compensatory adaptation to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Ravel-Chapuis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Bélanger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Côté
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robin N Michel
- Department of Exercise Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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156
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Nygren PJ, Mehta S, Schweppe DK, Langeberg LK, Whiting JL, Weisbrod CR, Bruce JE, Zhang J, Veesler D, Scott JD. Intrinsic disorder within AKAP79 fine-tunes anchored phosphatase activity toward substrates and drug sensitivity. eLife 2017; 6:e30872. [PMID: 28967377 PMCID: PMC5653234 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffolding the calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase 2B (PP2B, calcineurin) focuses and insulates termination of local second messenger responses. Conformational flexibility in regions of intrinsic disorder within A-kinase anchoring protein 79 (AKAP79) delineates PP2B access to phosphoproteins. Structural analysis by negative-stain electron microscopy (EM) reveals an ensemble of dormant AKAP79-PP2B configurations varying in particle length from 160 to 240 Å. A short-linear interaction motif between residues 337-343 of AKAP79 is the sole PP2B-anchoring determinant sustaining these diverse topologies. Activation with Ca2+/calmodulin engages additional interactive surfaces and condenses these conformational variants into a uniform population with mean length 178 ± 17 Å. This includes a Leu-Lys-Ile-Pro sequence (residues 125-128 of AKAP79) that occupies a binding pocket on PP2B utilized by the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin. Live-cell imaging with fluorescent activity-sensors infers that this region fine-tunes calcium responsiveness and drug sensitivity of the anchored phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Nygren
- Department of PharmacologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Sohum Mehta
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Devin K Schweppe
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Lorene K Langeberg
- Department of PharmacologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Jennifer L Whiting
- Department of PharmacologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Chad R Weisbrod
- National High Magnetic Field LaboratoryFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeUnited States
| | - James E Bruce
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - David Veesler
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - John D Scott
- Department of PharmacologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
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157
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Chyan CL, Irene D, Lin SM. The Recognition of Calmodulin to the Target Sequence of Calcineurin-A Novel Binding Mode. Molecules 2017; 22:E1584. [PMID: 28934144 PMCID: PMC6151454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin (CaN) is a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent Ser/Thr protein phosphatase, which plays essential roles in many cellular and developmental processes. CaN comprises two subunits, a catalytic subunit (CaN-A, 60 kDa) and a regulatory subunit (CaN-B, 19 kDa). CaN-A tightly binds to CaN-B in the presence of minimal levels of Ca2+, but the enzyme is inactive until activated by CaM. Upon binding to CaM, CaN then undergoes a conformational rearrangement, the auto inhibitory domain is displaced and thus allows for full activity. In order to elucidate the regulatory role of CaM in the activation processes of CaN, we used NMR spectroscopy to determine the structure of the complex of CaM and the target peptide of CaN (CaNp). The CaM/CaNp complex shows a compact ellipsoidal shape with 8 α-helices of CaM wrapping around the CaNp helix. The RMSD of backbone and heavy atoms of twenty lowest energy structures of CaM/CaNp complex are 0.66 and 1.14 Å, respectively. The structure of CaM/CaNp complex can be classified as a novel binding mode family 1-18 with major anchor residues Ile396 and Leu413 to allocate the largest space between two domains of CaM. The relative orientation of CaNp to CaM is similar to the CaMKK peptide in the 1-16 binding mode with N- and C-terminal hydrophobic anchors of target sequence engulfed in the hydrophobic pockets of the N- and C-domain of CaM, respectively. In the light of the structural model of CaM/CaNp complex reported here, we provide new insight in the activation processes of CaN by CaM. We propose that the hydrophobic interactions between the Ca2+-saturated C-domain and C-terminal half of the target sequence provide driving forces for the initial recognition. Subsequent folding in the target sequence and structural readjustments in CaM enhance the formation of the complex and affinity to calcium. The electrostatic repulsion between CaM/CaNp complex and AID may result in the displacement of AID from active site for full activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Chyan
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan.
| | - Deli Irene
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan.
| | - Sin-Mao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan.
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158
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Song R, Li J, Zhang J, Wang L, Tong L, Wang P, Yang H, Wei Q, Cai H, Luo J. Peptides derived from transcription factor EB bind to calcineurin at a similar region as the NFAT-type motif. Biochimie 2017; 142:158-167. [PMID: 28890387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin (CN) is involved in many physiological processes and interacts with multiple substrates. Most of the substrates contain similar motifs recognized by CN. Recent studies revealed a new CN substrate, transcription factor EB (TFEB), which is involved in autophagy. We showed that a 15-mer QSYLENPTSYHLQQS peptide from TFEB (TFEB-YLENP) bound to CN. When the TFEB-YLENP peptide was changed to YLAVP, its affinity for CN increased and it had stronger CN inhibitory activity. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the TFEB-YLENP peptide has the same docking sites in CN as the 15-mer DQYLAVPQHPYQWAK motif of the nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1-YLAVP). Moreover expression of the NFATc1-YLAVP peptide suppressed the TFEB activation in starved Hela cells. Our studies first identified a CN binding site in TFEB and compared the inhibitory capability of various peptides derived from CN substrates. The data uncovered a diversity in recognition sequences that underlies the CN signaling within the cell. Studies of CN-substrate interactions should lay the groundwork for developing selective CN peptide inhibitors that target CN-substrate interaction in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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159
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Bongiovanni D, Saccomani V, Piovan E. Aberrant Signaling Pathways in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091904. [PMID: 28872614 PMCID: PMC5618553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive disease caused by the malignant transformation of immature progenitors primed towards T-cell development. Clinically, T-ALL patients present with diffuse infiltration of the bone marrow by immature T-cell blasts high blood cell counts, mediastinal involvement, and diffusion to the central nervous system. In the past decade, the genomic landscape of T-ALL has been the target of intense research. The identification of specific genomic alterations has contributed to identify strong oncogenic drivers and signaling pathways regulating leukemia growth. Notwithstanding, T-ALL patients are still treated with high-dose multiagent chemotherapy, potentially exposing these patients to considerable acute and long-term side effects. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the signaling pathways relevant for the pathogenesis of T-ALL and the opportunities offered for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Bongiovanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Universita' di Padova, Padova 35128, Italy.
| | - Valentina Saccomani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Universita' di Padova, Padova 35128, Italy.
| | - Erich Piovan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Universita' di Padova, Padova 35128, Italy.
- UOC Immunologia e Diagnostica Molecolare Oncologica, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova 35128, Italy.
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160
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Calcineurin Dysregulation Underlies Spinal Cord Injury-Induced K + Channel Dysfunction in DRG Neurons. J Neurosci 2017; 37:8256-8272. [PMID: 28751455 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0434-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the fast-inactivating Kv3.4 potassium current in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons contributes to the hyperexcitability associated with persistent pain induced by spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the underlying mechanism is not known. In light of our previous work demonstrating modulation of the Kv3.4 channel by phosphorylation, we investigated the role of the phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) using electrophysiological, molecular, and imaging approaches in adult female Sprague Dawley rats. Pharmacological inhibition of CaN in small-diameter DRG neurons slowed repolarization of the somatic action potential (AP) and attenuated the Kv3.4 current. Attenuated Kv3.4 currents also exhibited slowed inactivation. We observed similar effects on the recombinant Kv3.4 channel heterologously expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, supporting our findings in DRG neurons. Elucidating the molecular basis of these effects, mutation of four previously characterized serines within the Kv3.4 N-terminal inactivation domain eliminated the effects of CaN inhibition on the Kv3.4 current. SCI similarly induced concurrent Kv3.4 current attenuation and slowing of inactivation. Although there was little change in CaN expression and localization after injury, SCI induced upregulation of the native regulator of CaN 1 (RCAN1) in the DRG at the transcript and protein levels. Consistent with CaN inhibition resulting from RCAN1 upregulation, overexpression of RCAN1 in naive DRG neurons recapitulated the effects of pharmacological CaN inhibition on the Kv3.4 current and the AP. Overall, these results demonstrate a novel regulatory pathway that links CaN, RCAN1, and Kv3.4 in DRG neurons. Dysregulation of this pathway might underlie a peripheral mechanism of pain sensitization induced by SCI.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Pain sensitization associated with spinal cord injury (SCI) involves poorly understood maladaptive modulation of neuronal excitability. Although central mechanisms have received significant attention, recent studies have identified peripheral nerve hyperexcitability as a driver of persistent pain signaling after SCI. However, the ion channels and signaling molecules responsible for this change in primary sensory neuron excitability are still not well defined. To address this problem, this study used complementary electrophysiological and molecular methods to determine how Kv3.4, a voltage-gated K+ channel robustly expressed in dorsal root ganglion neurons, becomes dysfunctional upon calcineurin (CaN) inhibition. The results strongly suggest that CaN inhibition underlies SCI-induced dysfunction of Kv3.4 and the associated excitability changes through upregulation of the native regulator of CaN 1 (RCAN1).
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161
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Regulation of the phosphatase PP2B by protein-protein interactions. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1313-1319. [PMID: 27911714 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein dephosphorylation is important for regulating cellular signaling in a variety of contexts. Protein phosphatase-2B (PP2B), or calcineurin, is a widely expressed serine/threonine phosphatase that acts on a large cross section of potential protein substrates when activated by increased levels of intracellular calcium in concert with calmodulin. PxIxIT and LxVP targeting motifs are important for maintaining specificity in response to elevated calcium. In the present study, we describe the mechanism of PP2B activation, discuss its targeting by conserved binding motifs and review recent advances in the understanding of an A-kinase anchoring protein 79/PP2B/protein kinase A complex's role in synaptic long-term depression. Finally, we discuss potential for targeting PP2B anchoring motifs for therapeutic benefit.
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162
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Wang Y, Xie C, Diao Z, Liang B. Calcineurin Antagonizes AMPK to Regulate Lipolysis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecules 2017; 22:E1062. [PMID: 28672869 PMCID: PMC6152104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin is a calcium- and calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase, and the target of immunosuppressive agent tacrolimus (TAC). The dysfunction of calcineurin, or clinical applications of tacrolimus, have been reported to be associated with dyslipidemia. The underlying mechanisms of calcineurin and tacrolimus in lipid metabolism are largely unknown. Here, we showed that mutations of tax-6 and cnb-1, which respectively encode the catalytic subunit and the regulatory subunit of calcineurin, together with tacrolimus treatment, consistently led to decreased fat accumulation and delayed growth in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In contrast, disruption of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) encoded by aak-1 and aak-2 reversed the above effects in worms. Moreover, calcineurin deficiency and tacrolimus treatment consistently activated the transcriptional expression of the lipolytic gene atgl-1, encoding triglyceride lipase. Furthermore, RNAi knockdown of atgl-1 recovered the decreased fat accumulation in both calcineurin deficient and tacrolimus treated worms. Collectively, our results reveal that immunosuppressive agent tacrolimus and their target calcineurin may antagonize AMPK to regulate ATGL and lipolysis, thereby providing potential therapy for the application of immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Cangsang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China.
| | - Zhiqing Diao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
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163
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Kamaleddin MA. Molecular, biophysical, and pharmacological properties of calcium-activated chloride channels. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:787-798. [PMID: 28121009 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) are a family of anionic transmembrane ion channels. They are mainly responsible for the movement of Cl- and other anions across the biological membranes, and they are widely expressed in different tissues. Since the Cl- flow into or out of the cell plays a crucial role in hyperpolarizing or depolarizing the cells, respectively, the impact of intracellular Ca2+ concentration on these channels is attracting a lot of attentions. After summarizing the molecular, biophysical, and pharmacological properties of CaCCs, the role of CaCCs in normal cellular functions will be discussed, and I will emphasize how dysregulation of CaCCs in pathological conditions can account for different diseases. A better understanding of CaCCs and a pivotal regulatory role of Ca2+ can shed more light on the therapeutic strategies for different neurological disorders that arise from chloride dysregulation, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Kamaleddin
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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164
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Yildirim V, Bertram R. Calcium Oscillation Frequency-Sensitive Gene Regulation and Homeostatic Compensation in Pancreatic β-Cells. Bull Math Biol 2017; 79:1295-1324. [PMID: 28497293 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-017-0286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet [Formula: see text]-cells are electrically excitable cells that secrete insulin in an oscillatory fashion when the blood glucose concentration is at a stimulatory level. Insulin oscillations are the result of cytosolic [Formula: see text] oscillations that accompany bursting electrical activity of [Formula: see text]-cells and are physiologically important. ATP-sensitive [Formula: see text] channels (K(ATP) channels) play the key role in setting the overall activity of the cell and in driving bursting, by coupling cell metabolism to the membrane potential. In humans, when there is a defect in K(ATP) channel function, [Formula: see text]-cells fail to respond appropriately to changes in the blood glucose level, and electrical and [Formula: see text] oscillations are lost. However, mice compensate for K(ATP) channel defects in islet [Formula: see text]-cells by employing alternative mechanisms to maintain electrical and [Formula: see text] oscillations. In a recent study, we showed that in mice islets in which K(ATP) channels are genetically knocked out another [Formula: see text] current, provided by inward-rectifying [Formula: see text] channels, is increased. With mathematical modeling, we demonstrated that a sufficient upregulation in these channels can account for the paradoxical electrical bursting and [Formula: see text] oscillations observed in these [Formula: see text]-cells. However, the question of determining the correct level of upregulation that is necessary for this compensation remained unanswered, and this question motivates the current study. [Formula: see text] is a well-known regulator of gene expression, and several examples have been shown of genes that are sensitive to the frequency of the [Formula: see text] signal. In this mathematical modeling study, we demonstrate that a [Formula: see text] oscillation frequency-sensitive gene transcription network can adjust the gene expression level of a compensating [Formula: see text] channel so as to rescue electrical bursting and [Formula: see text] oscillations in a model [Formula: see text]-cell in which the key K(ATP) current is removed. This is done without the prescription of a target [Formula: see text] level, but evolves naturally as a consequence of the feedback between the [Formula: see text]-dependent enzymes and the cell's electrical activity. More generally, the study indicates how [Formula: see text] can provide the link between gene expression and cellular electrical activity that promotes wild-type behavior in a cell following gene knockout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vehpi Yildirim
- Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Richard Bertram
- Department of Mathematics and Programs in Molecular Biophysics and Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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165
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Parra V, Rothermel BA. Calcineurin signaling in the heart: The importance of time and place. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 103:121-136. [PMID: 28007541 PMCID: PMC5778886 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-activated protein phosphatase, calcineurin, lies at the intersection of protein phosphorylation and calcium signaling cascades, where it provides an essential nodal point for coordination between these two fundamental modes of intracellular communication. In excitatory cells, such as neurons and cardiomyocytes, that experience rapid and frequent changes in cytoplasmic calcium, calcineurin protein levels are exceptionally high, suggesting that these cells require high levels of calcineurin activity. Yet, it is widely recognized that excessive activation of calcineurin in the heart contributes to pathological hypertrophic remodeling and the progression to failure. How does a calcium activated enzyme function in the calcium-rich environment of the continuously contracting heart without pathological consequences? This review will discuss the wide range of calcineurin substrates relevant to cardiovascular health and the mechanisms calcineurin uses to find and act on appropriate substrates in the appropriate location while potentially avoiding others. Fundamental differences in calcineurin signaling in neonatal verses adult cardiomyocytes will be addressed as well as the importance of maintaining heterogeneity in calcineurin activity across the myocardium. Finally, we will discuss how circadian oscillations in calcineurin activity may facilitate integration with other essential but conflicting processes, allowing a healthy heart to reap the benefits of calcineurin signaling while avoiding the detrimental consequences of sustained calcineurin activity that can culminate in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parra
- Advanced Centre for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago,Chile; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chie, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA.
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166
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Xu D, Gao X, Bian R, Mei C, Xu C. Tacrolimus improves proteinuria remission in adults with cyclosporine A-resistant or -dependent minimal change disease. Nephrology (Carlton) 2016; 22:251-256. [PMID: 28035723 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cyclosporin A (CsA) is considered as an effective treatment option for steroid-resistant or-dependent patients with adult-onset minimal change disease (MCD). However, CsA resistance or dependence is also observed in these patients. Tacrolimus (TAC) is a calcineurin inhibitor that is potent in cytokine suppression. The authors aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TAC therapy in CsA-resistant and-dependent adult-onset MCD patients. METHODS Patients with adult-onset MCD were enrolled in our department from 2008 to 2012. All patients were demonstrated to be resistant to or dependent on CsA therapy. Prednisone (0.5 mg/kg per day) combined with TAC (0.05-0.1 mg/kg per day) were prescribed to these patients for at least 6 months. The primary outcome was complete or partial remission of proteinuria. Secondary outcomes included time required for complete or partial remission, adverse events, number of relapses, and TAC dosages. RESULTS A total of 11 MCD patients were enrolled in this observational study. The numbers of patients who presented with resistance to or dependence on CsA were 7 and 4, respectively. The total remission rate was 90.9% (10/11) with the complete remission rate 72.7% (8/11). Most remission patients achieved remission during the first 2 months of TAC therapy. Patients who presented with dependence on CsA had achieved complete remission with TAC therapy, while outcomes for CsA-resistant patients were four complete remissions, two partial remissions and one resistance. The adverse events were observed in this study included infection, diarrhoea, and worsened hypertension. Five patients who had remission experienced relapse. CONCLUSIONS Tacrolimus improves proteinuria remission in adults with CsA-resistant or -dependent MCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Xu
- Kidney Institute of PLA, Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Kidney Institute of PLA, Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Bian
- Kidney Institute of PLA, Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changlin Mei
- Kidney Institute of PLA, Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenggang Xu
- Kidney Institute of PLA, Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nephrology, Third affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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167
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Gómez-Salinero JM, López-Olañeta MM, Ortiz-Sánchez P, Larrasa-Alonso J, Gatto A, Felkin LE, Barton PJR, Navarro-Lérida I, Del Pozo MÁ, García-Pavía P, Sundararaman B, Giovinazo G, Yeo GW, Lara-Pezzi E. The Calcineurin Variant CnAβ1 Controls Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation by Directing mTORC2 Membrane Localization and Activation. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:1372-1382. [PMID: 27746127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESC) have the potential to generate all the cell lineages that form the body. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ESC differentiation and especially the role of alternative splicing in this process remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the alternative splicing regulator MBNL1 promotes generation of the atypical calcineurin Aβ variant CnAβ1 in mouse ESCs (mESC). CnAβ1 has a unique C-terminal domain that drives its localization mainly to the Golgi apparatus by interacting with Cog8. CnAβ1 regulates the intracellular localization and activation of the mTORC2 complex. CnAβ1 knockdown results in delocalization of mTORC2 from the membrane to the cytoplasm, inactivation of the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, and defective mesoderm specification. In summary, here we unveil the structural basis for the mechanism of action of CnAβ1 and its role in the differentiation of mESCs to the mesodermal lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Gómez-Salinero
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Program, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina M López-Olañeta
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Program, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Ortiz-Sánchez
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Program, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Larrasa-Alonso
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Program, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Gatto
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Program, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leanne E Felkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Paul J R Barton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Inmaculada Navarro-Lérida
- Vascular Pathophysiology Program, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Del Pozo
- Vascular Pathophysiology Program, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Pavía
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Balaji Sundararaman
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Giovanna Giovinazo
- Pluripotent Cell Technology Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Program, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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168
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Ferjani H, Draz H, Abid S, Achour A, Bacha H, Boussema-Ayed I. Combination of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil induces oxidative stress and genotoxicity in spleen and bone marrow of Wistar rats. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 810:48-55. [PMID: 27776691 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) are common immunosuppressive drugs used to avoid immunological rejection of transplanted organs. The risk of developing cancer is the most critical complication in organ transplant recipients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. This study aims to explore the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of TAC and MMF alone or combined orally administrated on spleen and bone marrow of Wistar rats. Our results showed that TAC (2.4; 24 and 60mg/kg) and MMF (5; 50 and 125mg/kg) induced a genotoxic effect on rat bone marrow. Moreover, the co-treatment with the TAC/MMF (2.4/5mg/kg b.w.; 2.4/50mg/kg b.w. and 60/50mg/kg b.w.) produce a genotoxicity as measured by micronuclei (MN) frequencies, chromosomal aberrations (CA) rates and DNA damage levels. Furthermore, the TAC and MMF-treated animals developed oxidative stress in spleen, indicated by a significant increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein oxidation and decrease of anti-oxidant enzymes levels such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). This damage was associated with an increase of DNA fragmentation. Co-treatment with TAC/MMF synergistically induced markers of oxidative stress in rat splenic tissue. In conclusion, TAC/MMF associated induction in oxidative stress plays a role in the splenic and bone marrow toxicity and enhances the different endpoints of genotoxicity, suggesting its mutagenic action in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanen Ferjani
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 5019 Monastir, Tunisie.
| | - Hossam Draz
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa Abid
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 5019 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Abedellatif Achour
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, University Hospital of Sahloul, 4021 Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Hassen Bacha
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 5019 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Imen Boussema-Ayed
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 5019 Monastir, Tunisie
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169
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Sharma S, Meena LS. Potential of Ca 2+ in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H 37Rv Pathogenesis and Survival. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:762-771. [PMID: 27660000 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The host-pathogen interaction and involvement of calcium (Ca2+) signaling in tuberculosis infection is crucial and plays a significant role in pathogenesis. Ca2+ is known as a ubiquitous second messenger that could control multiple processes and is included in cellular activities like division, motility, stress response, and signaling. However, Ca2+ is thought to be a regulative molecule in terms of TB infection but its binding relation with proteins/substrates molecules which are influenced with Ca2+ concentrations in host-pathogen interaction requires attention. So, in this review, our primary goal is to focus on some Ca2+ substrates/proteins and their imperative involvement in pathogenesis, which is unclear. We have discussed several Ca2+-binding substrate and protein that affect intracellular mechanism of infected host cell. The major involvement of these proteins/substrates including calmodulin (CaM), calpain, annexin, surfactant protein A (SP-A), surfactant protein D (SP-D), calprotectin (MRP8/14), and PE_PGRS family protein are considered to be significant; however, their detailed understanding in mycobacterium infection is limited. In this aspect, this study will help in adding up our understanding in TB biology and additionally in the development of new therapeutic approach to reduce TB pandemic worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Laxman S Meena
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.
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170
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Popugaeva E, Pchitskaya E, Bezprozvanny I. Dysregulation of neuronal calcium homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease - A therapeutic opportunity? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:998-1004. [PMID: 27641664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the disease of lost memories. Synaptic loss is a major reason for memory defects in AD. Signaling pathways involved in memory loss in AD are under intense investigation. The role of deranged neuronal calcium (Ca2+) signaling in synaptic loss in AD is described in this review. Familial AD (FAD) mutations in presenilins are linked directly with synaptic Ca2+ signaling abnormalities, most likely by affecting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ leak function of presenilins. Excessive ER Ca2+ release via type 2 ryanodine receptors (RyanR2) is observed in AD spines due to increase in expression and function of RyanR2. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (nSOC) pathway is disrupted in AD spines due to downregulation of STIM2 protein. Because of these Ca2+ signaling abnormalities, a balance in activities of Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and Ca2+-dependent phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) is shifted at the synapse, tilting a balance between long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) synaptic mechanisms. As a result, synapses are weakened and eliminated in AD brains by LTD mechanism, causing memory loss. Targeting synaptic calcium signaling pathways offers opportunity for development of AD therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Popugaeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Ekaterina Pchitskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
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171
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Hatano A, Matsumoto M, Nakayama KI. Phosphoproteomics analyses show subnetwork systems in T-cell receptor signaling. Genes Cells 2016; 21:1095-1112. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hatano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Medical Institute of Bioregulation; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Medical Institute of Bioregulation; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Keiichi I. Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Medical Institute of Bioregulation; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
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172
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The Emerging Roles of the Calcineurin-Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Lymphocytes Pathway in Nervous System Functions and Diseases. J Aging Res 2016; 2016:5081021. [PMID: 27597899 PMCID: PMC5002468 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5081021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing epidemics of metabolic diseases and increase in the older population have increased the incidences of neurodegenerative diseases. Evidence from murine and cell line models has implicated calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-lymphocytes (NFAT) signaling pathway, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent major proinflammatory pathway, in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Neurotoxins such as amyloid-β, tau protein, and α-synuclein trigger abnormal calcineurin/NFAT signaling activities. Additionally increased activities of endogenous regulators of calcineurin like plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) and regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) also cause neuronal and glial loss and related functional alterations, in neurodegenerative diseases, psychotic disorders, epilepsy, and traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries. Treatment with calcineurin/NFAT inhibitors induces some degree of neuroprotection and decreased reactive gliosis in the central and peripheral nervous system. In this paper, we summarize and discuss the current understanding of the roles of calcineurin/NFAT signaling in physiology and pathologies of the adult and developing nervous system, with an emphasis on recent reports and cutting-edge findings. Calcineurin/NFAT signaling is known for its critical roles in the developing and adult nervous system. Its role in physiological and pathological processes is still controversial. However, available data suggest that its beneficial and detrimental effects are context-dependent. In view of recent reports calcineurin/NFAT signaling is likely to serve as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases and conditions. This review further highlights the need to characterize better all factors determining the outcome of calcineurin/NFAT signaling in diseases and the downstream targets mediating the beneficial and detrimental effects.
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173
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Allen KN, Dunaway-Mariano D. Catalytic scaffolds for phosphoryl group transfer. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 41:172-179. [PMID: 27526404 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A single genome encodes a large number of phosphoryl hydrolases for the purposes of phosphate recycling, primary and secondary metabolism, signal transduction and regulation, and protection from xenobiotics. Phosphate monoester hydrolysis faces a high kinetic barrier, yet there are multiple solutions to the problem both in terms of catalytic mechanisms and three-dimensional structure of the hydrolases. Recent structural and mechanistic findings highlight the trigonal-bipyramidal nature of the transition state for enzyme promoted phosphate monoester hydrolysis and the evolution and role of inserted loops/domains in governing substrate specificity and promiscuity. Important questions remain as to how electrostatics modulate water networks and critical proton-transfer events. How substrate targeting and catalysis is achieved by the independently evolved catalytic platforms is compared and contrasted in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215-2521, USA.
| | - Debra Dunaway-Mariano
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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174
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Li S, Fell SM, Surova O, Smedler E, Wallis K, Chen ZX, Hellman U, Johnsen JI, Martinsson T, Kenchappa RS, Uhlén P, Kogner P, Schlisio S. The 1p36 Tumor Suppressor KIF 1Bβ Is Required for Calcineurin Activation, Controlling Mitochondrial Fission and Apoptosis. Dev Cell 2016; 36:164-78. [PMID: 26812016 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
KIF1Bβ is a candidate 1p36 tumor suppressor that regulates apoptosis in the developing sympathetic nervous system. We found that KIF1Bβ activates the Ca(2+)-dependent phosphatase calcineurin (CN) by stabilizing the CN-calmodulin complex, relieving enzymatic autoinhibition and enabling CN substrate recognition. CN is the key mediator of cellular responses to Ca(2+) signals and its deregulation is implicated in cancer, cardiac, neurodegenerative, and immune disease. We show that KIF1Bβ affects mitochondrial dynamics through CN-dependent dephosphorylation of Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), causing mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Furthermore, KIF1Bβ actuates recognition of all known CN substrates, implying a general mechanism for KIF1Bβ in Ca(2+) signaling and how Ca(2+)-dependent signaling is executed by CN. Pathogenic KIF1Bβ mutations previously identified in neuroblastomas and pheochromocytomas all fail to activate CN or stimulate DRP1 dephosphorylation. Importantly, KIF1Bβ and DRP1 are silenced in 1p36 hemizygous-deleted neuroblastomas, indicating that deregulation of calcineurin and mitochondrial dynamics contributes to high-risk and poor-prognosis neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuijie Li
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Microbiology and Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stuart M Fell
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Surova
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Smedler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Wallis
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhi Xiong Chen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Ulf Hellman
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., Biomedical Center, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Inge Johnsen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy Martinsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Rajappa S Kenchappa
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Per Uhlén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Kogner
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Schlisio
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Microbiology and Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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175
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NFATc1 supports imiquimod-induced skin inflammation by suppressing IL-10 synthesis in B cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11724. [PMID: 27222343 PMCID: PMC4894959 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epicutaneous application of Aldara cream containing the TLR7 agonist imiquimod (IMQ) to mice induces skin inflammation that exhibits many aspects of psoriasis, an inflammatory human skin disease. Here we show that mice depleted of B cells or bearing interleukin (IL)-10-deficient B cells show a fulminant inflammation upon IMQ exposure, whereas ablation of NFATc1 in B cells results in a suppression of Aldara-induced inflammation. In vitro, IMQ induces the proliferation and IL-10 expression by B cells that is blocked by BCR signals inducing NFATc1. By binding to HDAC1, a transcriptional repressor, and to an intronic site of the Il10 gene, NFATc1 suppresses IL-10 expression that dampens the production of tumour necrosis factor-α and IL-17 by T cells. These data indicate a close link between NFATc1 and IL-10 expression in B cells and suggest NFATc1 and, in particular, its inducible short isoform, NFATc1/αA, as a potential target to treat human psoriasis. Regulatory B cells are important for preventing skin autoimmunity. Here the authors show that NFATc1 suppresses IL-10 transcription in regulatory B cells, and inhibiting NFATc1 decreases immunopathology in a mouse model of imiquimod-induced skin inflammation.
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176
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Ding F, Li X, Li B, Guo J, Zhang Y, Ding J. Calpain-Mediated Cleavage of Calcineurin in Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Podocyte Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155504. [PMID: 27171192 PMCID: PMC4865207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus are widely used in the treatment of proteinuria diseases. As the direct target of these drugs, calcineurin has previously been demonstrated to play a role in proteinuria diseases. However, aside from its immune-related effects, the local status of calcineurin in renal inherent cells has not been fully explored in the settings of proteinuria disease and podocyte injury. In this study, calcineurin activity and protein expression in the well-known puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced podocyte injury model were examined. Interestingly, we found that calcineurin activity was abnormally increased in PAN-treated podocytes, whereas the expression of the full-length 60-kDa calcineurin protein was decreased. This result suggests that there may be another activated form of calcineurin that is independent of the full-length phosphatase. To investigate whether calpain is involved in regulating calcineurin, we exposed PAN-treated podocytes to both pharmacological inhibitors of calpain and specific siRNAs against calpain. Calpain blockade reduced the enhanced calcineurin activity and restored the down-regulated expression of 60-kDa calcineurin. In addition, purified calpain protein was incubated with podocyte extracts, and a 45-kDa fragment of calcineurin was identified; this finding was confirmed in PAN-induced podocyte injury and calpain inhibition experiments. We conclude that calcineurin activity is abnormally increased during PAN-induced podocyte injury, whereas the expression of the full-length 60-kDa calcineurin protein is down-regulated due to over-activated calpain that cleaves calcineurin to form a 45-kDa fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrui Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baihong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jifan Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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177
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Zhao Y, Zhang J, Shi X, Li J, Wang R, Song R, Wei Q, Cai H, Luo J. Quercetin targets the interaction of calcineurin with LxVP-type motifs in immunosuppression. Biochimie 2016; 127:50-8. [PMID: 27109380 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin (CN) is a unique calcium/calmodulin (CaM)-activated serine/threonine phosphatase. To perform its diverse biological functions, CN communicates with many substrates and other proteins. In the physiological activation of T cells, CN acts through transcriptional factors belonging to the NFAT family and other transcriptional effectors. The classic immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA) can bind to cyclophilin (CyP) and compete with CN for the NFAT LxVP motif. CsA has debilitating side effects, including nephrotoxicity, hypertension and tremor. It is desirable to develop alternative immunosuppressive agents. To this end, we first tested the interactions between CN and the LxVP-type substrates, including endogenous regulators of calcineurin (RCAN1) and NFAT. Interestingly, we found that quercetin, the primary dietary flavonol, can inhibit the activity of CN and significantly disrupt the associations between CN and its LxVP-type substrates. We then validated the inhibitory effects of quercetin on the CN-NFAT interactions in cell-based assays. Further, quercetin also shows dose-dependent suppression of cytokine gene expression in mouse spleen cells. These data raise the possibility that the interactions of CN with its LxVP-type substrates are potential targets for immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yane Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Ruiwen Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China.
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178
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Epithelial calcineurin controls microbiota-dependent intestinal tumor development. Nat Med 2016; 22:506-15. [PMID: 27043494 PMCID: PMC5570457 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation-associated pathways are active in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and contribute to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Calcineurin, a phosphatase required for the activation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors, shows increased expression in CRC. We therefore investigated the role of calcineurin in intestinal tumor development. We demonstrate that calcineurin and NFAT factors are constitutively expressed by primary IECs and selectively activated in intestinal tumors as a result of impaired stratification of the tumor-associated microbiota and toll-like receptor signaling. Epithelial calcineurin supports the survival and proliferation of cancer stem cells in an NFAT-dependent manner and promotes the development of intestinal tumors in mice. Moreover, somatic mutations that have been identified in human CRC are associated with constitutive activation of calcineurin, whereas nuclear translocation of NFAT is associated with increased death from CRC. These findings highlight an epithelial cell-intrinsic pathway that integrates signals derived from the commensal microbiota to promote intestinal tumor development.
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179
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Zhu X, Fang J, Gong J, Guo JH, Zhao GN, Ji YX, Liu HY, Wei X, Li H. Cardiac-Specific EPI64C Blunts Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy. Hypertension 2016; 67:866-77. [PMID: 27021007 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.07042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-responsive molecule, calcineurin, has been well characterized to play a causal role in pathological cardiac hypertrophy over the past decade. However, the intrinsic negative regulation of calcineurin signaling during the progression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy remains enigmatic. Herein, we explored the role of EPI64C, a dual inhibitor of both Ras and calcineurin signaling during T-cell activation, in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. We generated a cardiac-specific Epi64c conditional knockout mouse strain and showed that loss of Epi64c remarkably exacerbates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. In contrast, EPI64C gain-of-function in cardiomyocyte-specific Epi64c transgenic mice exerts potent protective effects against cardiac hypertrophy. Mechanistically, the cardioprotective effects of EPI64C are largely attributed to the disrupted calcineurin signaling but are independent of its Ras suppressive capability. Molecular studies have indicated that the 406 to 446 C-terminal amino acids in EPI64C directly bind to the 287 to 337 amino acids in the catalytic domain of calcineurin, which is responsible for the EPI64C-mediated suppressive effects. We further extrapolated our studies to cynomolgus monkeys and showed that gene therapy based on lentivirus-mediated EPI64C overexpression in the monkey hearts blunted pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Our study thus identified EPI64C as a novel negative regulator in cardiac hypertrophy by targeting calcineurin signaling and demonstrated the potential of gene therapy and drug development for treating cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehai Zhu
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (X.Z, J.F., X.W.), Heart-Lung Transplantation Center (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Department of Medical Ultrasound (H.-Y.L.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.); and Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.)
| | - Jing Fang
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (X.Z, J.F., X.W.), Heart-Lung Transplantation Center (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Department of Medical Ultrasound (H.-Y.L.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.); and Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.)
| | - Jun Gong
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (X.Z, J.F., X.W.), Heart-Lung Transplantation Center (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Department of Medical Ultrasound (H.-Y.L.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.); and Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.)
| | - Jun-Hong Guo
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (X.Z, J.F., X.W.), Heart-Lung Transplantation Center (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Department of Medical Ultrasound (H.-Y.L.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.); and Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.)
| | - Guang-Nian Zhao
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (X.Z, J.F., X.W.), Heart-Lung Transplantation Center (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Department of Medical Ultrasound (H.-Y.L.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.); and Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.)
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (X.Z, J.F., X.W.), Heart-Lung Transplantation Center (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Department of Medical Ultrasound (H.-Y.L.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.); and Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.)
| | - Hong-Yun Liu
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (X.Z, J.F., X.W.), Heart-Lung Transplantation Center (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Department of Medical Ultrasound (H.-Y.L.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.); and Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.)
| | - Xiang Wei
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (X.Z, J.F., X.W.), Heart-Lung Transplantation Center (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Department of Medical Ultrasound (H.-Y.L.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.); and Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.).
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (X.Z, J.F., X.W.), Heart-Lung Transplantation Center (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute (X.Z., J.F., X.W.), Department of Medical Ultrasound (H.-Y.L.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.); and Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (J.G., J.-H.G.,G.-N.Z., Y.-X.J., H.L.).
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180
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Enhancement of the immunoregulatory potency of mesenchymal stromal cells by treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. Cytotherapy 2016; 17:1188-99. [PMID: 26276002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are distinguished by their ability to differentiate into a number of stromal derivatives of interest for regenerative medicine, but they also have immunoregulatory properties that are being tested in a number of clinical settings. METHODS We show that brief incubations with rapamycin, everolimus, FK506 or cyclosporine A increase the immunosuppressive potency of MSCs and other cell types. RESULTS The treated MSCs are up to 5-fold more potent at inhibiting the induced proliferation of T lymphocytes in vitro. We show that this effect probably is due to adsorption of the drug by the MSCs during pre-treatment, with subsequent diffusion into co-cultures at concentrations sufficient to inhibit T-cell proliferation. MSCs contain measurable amounts of rapamycin after a 15-min exposure, and the potentiating effect is blocked by a neutralizing antibody to the drug. With the use of a pre-clinical model of acute graft-versus-host disease, we demonstrate that a low dose of rapamycin-treated but not untreated umbilical cord-derived MSCs significantly inhibit the onset of disease. CONCLUSIONS The use of treated MSCs may achieve clinical end points not reached with untreated MSCs and allow for infusion of fewer cells to reduce costs and minimize potential side effects.
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181
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Liang SJ, Zeng DY, Mai XY, Shang JY, Wu QQ, Yuan JN, Yu BX, Zhou P, Zhang FR, Liu YY, Lv XF, Liu J, Ou JS, Qian JS, Zhou JG. Inhibition of Orai1 Store-Operated Calcium Channel Prevents Foam Cell Formation and Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:618-28. [PMID: 26916730 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the role of orai1 store-operated Ca(2+) entry in foam cell formation and atherogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Acute administration of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) activates an orai1-dependent Ca(2+) entry in macrophages. Chelation of intracellular Ca(2+), inhibition of orai1 store-operated Ca(2+) entry, or knockdown of orai1 dramatically inhibited oxLDL-induced upregulation of scavenger receptor A, uptake of modified LDL, and foam cell formation. Orai1-dependent Ca(2+) entry induces scavenger receptor A expression and foam cell formation through activation of calcineurin but not calmodulin kinase II. Activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells is not involved in calcineurin signaling to foam cell formation. However, oxLDL dephosohorylates and activates apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 in macrophages. Orai1 knockdown prevents oxLDL-induced apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 activation. Knockdown of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, or inhibition of its downstream effectors, JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, reduces scavenger receptor A expression and foam cell formation. Notably, orai1 expression is increased in atherosclerotic plaques of apolipoprotein E(-/-) mice fed with high-cholesterol diet. Knockdown of orai1 with adenovirus harboring orai1 siRNA or inhibition of orai1 Ca(2+) entry with SKF96365 for 4 weeks dramatically inhibits atherosclerotic plaque development in high-cholesterol diet feeding apolipoprotein E(-/-) mice. In addition, inhibition of orai1 Ca(2+) entry prevents macrophage apoptosis in atherosclerotic plaque. Moreover, the expression of inflammatory genes in atherosclerotic lesions and the infiltration of myeloid cells into the aortic sinus plaques are decreased after blocking orai1 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Orai1-dependent Ca(2+) entry promotes atherogenesis possibly by promoting foam cell formation and vascular inflammation, rendering orai1 Ca(2+) channel a potential therapeutic target against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Liang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center (S.-J.L., D.-Y.Z., X.-Y.M., J.-Y.S., Q.-Q.W., J.-N.Y., B.-X.Y., F.-R.Z., Y.-Y.L., X.-F.L., J.L., J.-G.Z.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease (J.-G.Z.), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.O.), and Department of Radiology, Intervention Radiology Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.Q.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Dali University, Dali, China (P.Z.)
| | - De-Yi Zeng
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center (S.-J.L., D.-Y.Z., X.-Y.M., J.-Y.S., Q.-Q.W., J.-N.Y., B.-X.Y., F.-R.Z., Y.-Y.L., X.-F.L., J.L., J.-G.Z.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease (J.-G.Z.), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.O.), and Department of Radiology, Intervention Radiology Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.Q.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Dali University, Dali, China (P.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Yi Mai
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center (S.-J.L., D.-Y.Z., X.-Y.M., J.-Y.S., Q.-Q.W., J.-N.Y., B.-X.Y., F.-R.Z., Y.-Y.L., X.-F.L., J.L., J.-G.Z.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease (J.-G.Z.), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.O.), and Department of Radiology, Intervention Radiology Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.Q.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Dali University, Dali, China (P.Z.)
| | - Jin-Yan Shang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center (S.-J.L., D.-Y.Z., X.-Y.M., J.-Y.S., Q.-Q.W., J.-N.Y., B.-X.Y., F.-R.Z., Y.-Y.L., X.-F.L., J.L., J.-G.Z.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease (J.-G.Z.), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.O.), and Department of Radiology, Intervention Radiology Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.Q.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Dali University, Dali, China (P.Z.)
| | - Qian-Qian Wu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center (S.-J.L., D.-Y.Z., X.-Y.M., J.-Y.S., Q.-Q.W., J.-N.Y., B.-X.Y., F.-R.Z., Y.-Y.L., X.-F.L., J.L., J.-G.Z.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease (J.-G.Z.), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.O.), and Department of Radiology, Intervention Radiology Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.Q.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Dali University, Dali, China (P.Z.)
| | - Jia-Ni Yuan
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center (S.-J.L., D.-Y.Z., X.-Y.M., J.-Y.S., Q.-Q.W., J.-N.Y., B.-X.Y., F.-R.Z., Y.-Y.L., X.-F.L., J.L., J.-G.Z.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease (J.-G.Z.), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.O.), and Department of Radiology, Intervention Radiology Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.Q.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Dali University, Dali, China (P.Z.)
| | - Bei-Xin Yu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center (S.-J.L., D.-Y.Z., X.-Y.M., J.-Y.S., Q.-Q.W., J.-N.Y., B.-X.Y., F.-R.Z., Y.-Y.L., X.-F.L., J.L., J.-G.Z.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease (J.-G.Z.), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.O.), and Department of Radiology, Intervention Radiology Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.Q.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Dali University, Dali, China (P.Z.)
| | - Ping Zhou
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center (S.-J.L., D.-Y.Z., X.-Y.M., J.-Y.S., Q.-Q.W., J.-N.Y., B.-X.Y., F.-R.Z., Y.-Y.L., X.-F.L., J.L., J.-G.Z.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease (J.-G.Z.), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.O.), and Department of Radiology, Intervention Radiology Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.Q.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Dali University, Dali, China (P.Z.)
| | - Fei-Ran Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center (S.-J.L., D.-Y.Z., X.-Y.M., J.-Y.S., Q.-Q.W., J.-N.Y., B.-X.Y., F.-R.Z., Y.-Y.L., X.-F.L., J.L., J.-G.Z.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease (J.-G.Z.), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.O.), and Department of Radiology, Intervention Radiology Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.Q.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Dali University, Dali, China (P.Z.)
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center (S.-J.L., D.-Y.Z., X.-Y.M., J.-Y.S., Q.-Q.W., J.-N.Y., B.-X.Y., F.-R.Z., Y.-Y.L., X.-F.L., J.L., J.-G.Z.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease (J.-G.Z.), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.O.), and Department of Radiology, Intervention Radiology Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.Q.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Dali University, Dali, China (P.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Fei Lv
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center (S.-J.L., D.-Y.Z., X.-Y.M., J.-Y.S., Q.-Q.W., J.-N.Y., B.-X.Y., F.-R.Z., Y.-Y.L., X.-F.L., J.L., J.-G.Z.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease (J.-G.Z.), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.O.), and Department of Radiology, Intervention Radiology Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.Q.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Dali University, Dali, China (P.Z.)
| | - Jie Liu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center (S.-J.L., D.-Y.Z., X.-Y.M., J.-Y.S., Q.-Q.W., J.-N.Y., B.-X.Y., F.-R.Z., Y.-Y.L., X.-F.L., J.L., J.-G.Z.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease (J.-G.Z.), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.O.), and Department of Radiology, Intervention Radiology Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.Q.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Dali University, Dali, China (P.Z.)
| | - Jing-Song Ou
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center (S.-J.L., D.-Y.Z., X.-Y.M., J.-Y.S., Q.-Q.W., J.-N.Y., B.-X.Y., F.-R.Z., Y.-Y.L., X.-F.L., J.L., J.-G.Z.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease (J.-G.Z.), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.O.), and Department of Radiology, Intervention Radiology Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.Q.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Dali University, Dali, China (P.Z.)
| | - Jie-Sheng Qian
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center (S.-J.L., D.-Y.Z., X.-Y.M., J.-Y.S., Q.-Q.W., J.-N.Y., B.-X.Y., F.-R.Z., Y.-Y.L., X.-F.L., J.L., J.-G.Z.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease (J.-G.Z.), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.O.), and Department of Radiology, Intervention Radiology Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.Q.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Dali University, Dali, China (P.Z.).
| | - Jia-Guo Zhou
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center (S.-J.L., D.-Y.Z., X.-Y.M., J.-Y.S., Q.-Q.W., J.-N.Y., B.-X.Y., F.-R.Z., Y.-Y.L., X.-F.L., J.L., J.-G.Z.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease (J.-G.Z.), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.O.), and Department of Radiology, Intervention Radiology Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital (J.-S.Q.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Dali University, Dali, China (P.Z.).
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182
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Juvvadi PR, Pemble CW, Ma Y, Steinbach WJ. Novel motif in calcineurin catalytic subunit is required for septal localization of calcineurin in Aspergillus fumigatus. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:501-8. [PMID: 26864964 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin heterodimer, comprised of the catalytic (CnaA) and regulatory (CnaB) subunits, localizes at the hyphal tips and septa to direct growth, septation, and disease in the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Here we discovered a novel motif (FMDVF) required for this critical CnaA septal localization, including residues Phe368, Asp370 and Phe372 overlapping the cyclosporine A-cyclophilin A-binding domain, CnaB-binding helix and the FK506-FKBP12-binding pocket. Mutations in adjacent residues Asn367, Trp374, and Ser375 confer FK506 resistance without impacting CnaA septal localization. Modeling A. fumigatus CnaA confirmed that the FMDVF motif forms a bridge between the two known substrate-binding motifs, PxIxIT and LxVP, and concurrent mutations (F368A D370A; F368A F372A) in the FMDVF motif disrupt CnaA-substrate interaction at the septum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen R Juvvadi
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Charles W Pemble
- Duke Macromolecular Crystallography Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - William J Steinbach
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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183
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Liu X, Berry CT, Ruthel G, Madara JJ, MacGillivray K, Gray CM, Madge LA, McCorkell KA, Beiting DP, Hershberg U, May MJ, Freedman BD. T Cell Receptor-induced Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB) Signaling and Transcriptional Activation Are Regulated by STIM1- and Orai1-mediated Calcium Entry. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8440-52. [PMID: 26826124 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.713008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell activation following antigen binding to the T cell receptor (TCR) involves the mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) to activate the key transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T lymphocytes (NFAT) and NF-κB. The mechanism of NFAT activation by Ca(2+) has been determined. However, the role of Ca(2+) in controlling NF-κB signaling is poorly understood, and the source of Ca(2+) required for NF-κB activation is unknown. We demonstrate that TCR- but not TNF-induced NF-κB signaling upstream of IκB kinase activation absolutely requires the influx of extracellular Ca(2+) via STIM1-dependent Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+)/Orai channels. We further show that Ca(2+) influx controls phosphorylation of the NF-κB protein p65 on Ser-536 and that this posttranslational modification controls its nuclear localization and transcriptional activation. Notably, our data reveal that this role for Ca(2+) is entirely separate from its upstream control of IκBα degradation, thereby identifying a novel Ca(2+)-dependent distal step in TCR-induced NF-κB activation. Finally, we demonstrate that this control of distal signaling occurs via Ca(2+)-dependent PKCα-mediated phosphorylation of p65. Thus, we establish the source of Ca(2+) required for TCR-induced NF-κB activation and define a new distal Ca(2+)-dependent checkpoint in TCR-induced NF-κB signaling that has broad implications for the control of immune cell development and T cell functional specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corbett T Berry
- From the Departments of Pathobiology and the School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | | | | | | | - Carolyn M Gray
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Lisa A Madge
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Kelly A McCorkell
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | | | - Uri Hershberg
- the School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Michael J May
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
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184
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Cooperative autoinhibition and multi-level activation mechanisms of calcineurin. Cell Res 2016; 26:336-49. [PMID: 26794871 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin (CN), a heterodimer composed of a catalytic subunit A and an essential regulatory subunit B, plays critical functions in various cellular processes such as cardiac hypertrophy and T cell activation. It is the target of the most widely used immunosuppressants for transplantation, tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporin A. However, the structure of a large part of the CNA regulatory region remains to be determined, and there has been considerable debate concerning the regulation of CN activity. Here, we report the crystal structure of full-length CN (β isoform), which revealed a novel autoinhibitory segment (AIS) in addition to the well-known autoinhibitory domain (AID). The AIS nestles in a hydrophobic intersubunit groove, which overlaps the recognition site for substrates and immunosuppressant-immunophilin complexes. Indeed, disruption of this AIS interaction results in partial stimulation of CN activity. More importantly, our biochemical studies demonstrate that calmodulin does not remove AID from the active site, but only regulates the orientation of AID with respect to the catalytic core, causing incomplete activation of CN. Our findings challenge the current model for CN activation, and provide a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of CN activity regulation.
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185
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Luchsinger LL, de Almeida MJ, Corrigan DJ, Mumau M, Snoeck HW. Mitofusin 2 maintains haematopoietic stem cells with extensive lymphoid potential. Nature 2016; 529:528-31. [PMID: 26789249 PMCID: PMC5106870 DOI: 10.1038/nature16500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which sustain production of all blood cell lineages, rely on glycolysis for ATP production, yet little attention has been paid to the role of mitochondria. Here we show in mice that the short isoform of a critical regulator of HSCs, Prdm16 (refs 4, 5), induces mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), a protein involved in mitochondrial fusion and in tethering of mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum. Overexpression and deletion studies, including single-cell transplantation assays, revealed that Mfn2 is specifically required for the maintenance of HSCs with extensive lymphoid potential, but not, or less so, for the maintenance of myeloid-dominant HSCs. Mfn2 increased buffering of intracellular Ca(2+), an effect mediated through its endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria tethering activity, thereby negatively regulating nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of nuclear factor of activated T cells (Nfat). Nfat inhibition rescued the effects of Mfn2 deletion in HSCs, demonstrating that negative regulation of Nfat is the prime downstream mechanism of Mfn2 in the maintenance of HSCs with extensive lymphoid potential. Mitochondria therefore have an important role in HSCs. These findings provide a mechanism underlying clonal heterogeneity among HSCs and may lead to the design of approaches to bias HSC differentiation into desired lineages after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry L Luchsinger
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Mariana Justino de Almeida
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - David J Corrigan
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Melanie Mumau
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Hans-Willem Snoeck
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
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186
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Kingsbury TJ. Navigating toward an Understanding of the Role of Regulator of Calcineurin in Thermotaxis. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3453-3456. [PMID: 26388410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tami J Kingsbury
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA.
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187
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Chen J, Balakrishnan-Renuka A, Hagemann N, Theiss C, Chankiewitz V, Chen J, Pu Q, Erdmann KS, Brand-Saberi B. A novel interaction between ATOH8 and PPP3CB. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 145:5-16. [PMID: 26496921 PMCID: PMC4710663 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ATOH8 is a bHLH transcription factor playing roles in a variety of developmental processes such as neurogenesis, differentiation of pancreatic precursor cells, development of kidney and muscle, and differentiation of endothelial cells. PPP3CB belongs to the catalytic subunit of the serine/threonine phosphatase, calcineurin, which can dephosphorylate its substrate proteins to regulate their physiological activities. In our study, we demonstrated that ATOH8 interacts with PPP3CB in vitro with different approaches. We show that the conserved catalytic domain of PPP3CB interacts with both the N-terminus and the bHLH domain of ATOH8. Although the interaction domain of PPP3CB is conserved among all isoforms of calcineurin A, ATOH8 selectively interacts with PPP3CB instead of PPP3CA, probably due to the unique proline-rich region present in the N-terminus of PPP3CB, which controls the specificity of its interaction partners. Furthermore, we show that inhibition of the interaction with calcineurin inhibitor, cyclosporin A (CsA), leads to the retention of ATOH8 to the cytoplasm, suggesting that the interaction renders nuclear localization of ATOH8 which may be critical to control its activity as transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchen Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Abt. f. Anatomie und Molekulare Embryologie, Geb. MA, 5/158, 44780, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, SE19RT, London, UK
| | - Ajeesh Balakrishnan-Renuka
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Abt. f. Anatomie und Molekulare Embryologie, Geb. MA, 5/158, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nina Hagemann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Abt. f. Anatomie und Molekulare Embryologie, Geb. MA, 5/158, 44780, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cytology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Verena Chankiewitz
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Abt. f. Anatomie und Molekulare Embryologie, Geb. MA, 5/158, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jinzhong Chen
- Department of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Pu
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Abt. f. Anatomie und Molekulare Embryologie, Geb. MA, 5/158, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kai S Erdmann
- Department of Biomedical Science & Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics (CMIAD), University of Sheffield, S10 2TN , Sheffield, UK
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Abt. f. Anatomie und Molekulare Embryologie, Geb. MA, 5/158, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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188
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Woolfrey KM, Dell'Acqua ML. Coordination of Protein Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation in Synaptic Plasticity. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:28604-12. [PMID: 26453308 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.657262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A central theme in nervous system function is equilibrium: synaptic strengths wax and wane, neuronal firing rates adjust up and down, and neural circuits balance excitation with inhibition. This push/pull regulatory theme carries through to the molecular level at excitatory synapses, where protein function is controlled through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by kinases and phosphatases. However, these opposing enzymatic activities are only part of the equation as scaffolding interactions and assembly of multi-protein complexes are further required for efficient, localized synaptic signaling. This review will focus on coordination of postsynaptic serine/threonine kinase and phosphatase signaling by scaffold proteins during synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Woolfrey
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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189
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Koyano-Nakagawa N, Shi X, Rasmussen TL, Das S, Walter CA, Garry DJ. Feedback Mechanisms Regulate Ets Variant 2 (Etv2) Gene Expression and Hematoendothelial Lineages. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:28107-28119. [PMID: 26396195 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.662197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Etv2 is an essential transcriptional regulator of hematoendothelial lineages during embryogenesis. Although Etv2 downstream targets have been identified, little is known regarding the upstream transcriptional regulation of Etv2 gene expression. In this study, we established a novel methodology that utilizes the differentiating ES cell and embryoid body system to define the modules and enhancers embedded within the Etv2 promoter. Using this system, we defined an autoactivating role for Etv2 that is mediated by two adjacent Ets motifs in the proximal promoter. In addition, we defined the role of VEGF/Flk1-Calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade in the transcriptional regulation of Etv2. Furthermore, we defined an Etv2-Flt1-Flk1 cascade that serves as a negative feedback mechanism to regulate Etv2 gene expression. To complement and extend these studies, we demonstrated that the Flt1 null embryonic phenotype was partially rescued in the Etv2 conditional knockout background. In summary, these studies define upstream and downstream networks that serve as a transcriptional rheostat to regulate Etv2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Koyano-Nakagawa
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Xiaozhong Shi
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Tara L Rasmussen
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Satyabrata Das
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Camille A Walter
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.
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190
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Angiopoietin-Like-4, a Potential Target of Tacrolimus, Predicts Earlier Podocyte Injury in Minimal Change Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137049. [PMID: 26352670 PMCID: PMC4564140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury plays central roles in proteinuria and kidney dysfunction, therefore, identifying specific biomarker to evaluate earlier podocyte injury is highly desirable. Podocyte-secreted angiopoietin-like-4 (Angptl4) mediates proteinuria in different types of podocytopathy. In the present study, we established an experimental minimal change disease (MCD) rat model, induced by adriamycin (ADR) and resulted in definite podocyte injury, to identify the dynamic changes in Angptl4 expression. We also investigated the direct effects of tacrolimus on Angptl4 and podocyte repair. We determined that the glomerular Angptl4 expression was rapidly upregulated and reached a peak earlier than desmin, an injured podocyte marker, in the ADR rats. Furthermore, this upregulation occurred prior to heavy proteinuria and was accompanied by increased urinary Angptl4. We observed that the Angptl4 upregulation occurred only when podocyte was mainly damaged since we didn’t observe little Angptl4 upregulation in MsPGN patients. In addition, we observed the glomerular Angptl4 mainly located in injured podocytes rather than normal podocytes. Moreover, we found that tacrolimus treatment significantly promoted podocyte repair and reduced glomerular and urinary Angptl4 expression at an earlier stage with a significant serum Angptl4 upregulation. And similar results were confirmed in MCD patients. In conclusion, this study represents the first investigation to demonstrate that Angptl4 can predict podocyte injury at earlier stages in MCD and the identification of earlier podocyte injury biomarkers could facilitate the prompt diagnosis and treatment of patients with podocytopathy, as well as determination of the prognosis and treatment efficacy in these diseases.
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191
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Bazzazi H, Sang L, Dick IE, Joshi-Mukherjee R, Yang W, Yue DT. Novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based reporter reveals differential calcineurin activation in neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes. J Physiol 2015; 593:3865-84. [PMID: 26096996 PMCID: PMC4575574 DOI: 10.1113/jp270510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based genetically encoded reporters of calcineurin are constructed by fusing the two subunits of calcineurin with P2A-based linkers retaining the expected native conformation of calcineurin. Calcineurin reporters display robust responses to calcium transients in HEK293 cells. The sensor responses are correlated with NFATc1 translocation dynamics in HEK293 cells. The sensors are uniformly distributed in neonatal myocytes and respond efficiently to single electrically evoked calcium transients and show cumulative activation at frequencies of 0.5 and 1 Hz. In adult myocytes, the calcineurin sensors appear to be localized to the cardiac z-lines, and respond to cumulative calcium transients at frequencies of 0.5 and 1 Hz. The phosphatase calcineurin is a central component of many calcium signalling pathways, relaying calcium signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. It has critical functions in a multitude of systems, including immune, cardiac and neuronal. Given the widespread importance of calcineurin in both normal and pathological conditions, new tools that elucidate the spatiotemporal dynamics of calcineurin activity would be invaluable. Here we develop two separate genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based sensors of calcineurin activation, DuoCaN and UniCaN. Both sensors showcase a large dynamic range and rapid response kinetics, differing primarily in the linker structure between the FRET pairs. Both sensors were calibrated in HEK293 cells and their responses correlated well with NFAT translocation to the nucleus, validating the biological relevance of the sensor readout. The sensors were subsequently expressed in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and acutely isolated adult guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Both sensors demonstrated robust responses in myocytes and revealed kinetic differences in calcineurin activation during changes in pacing rate for neonatal versus adult myocytes. Finally, mathematical modelling combined with quantitative FRET measurements provided novel insights into the kinetics and integration of calcineurin activation in response to myocyte Ca transients. In all, DuoCaN and UniCaN stand as valuable new tools for understanding the role of calcineurin in normal and pathological signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat Bazzazi
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Neuroscience, Centre for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lingjie Sang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Neuroscience, Centre for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ivy E Dick
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Neuroscience, Centre for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rosy Joshi-Mukherjee
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Neuroscience, Centre for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wanjun Yang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Neuroscience, Centre for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
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Jin S, Orabi AI, Le T, Javed TA, Sah S, Eisses JF, Bottino R, Molkentin JD, Husain SZ. Exposure to Radiocontrast Agents Induces Pancreatic Inflammation by Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB, Calcium Signaling, and Calcineurin. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:753-64.e11. [PMID: 25980752 PMCID: PMC4550538 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Radiocontrast agents are required for radiographic procedures, but these agents can injure tissues by unknown mechanisms. We investigated whether exposure of pancreatic tissues to radiocontrast agents during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) causes pancreatic inflammation, and studied the effects of these agents on human cell lines and in mice. METHODS We exposed mouse and human acinar cells to the radiocontrast agent iohexol (Omnipaque; GE Healthcare, Princeton, NJ) and measured intracellular release of Ca(2+), calcineurin activation (using a luciferase reporter), activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB, using a luciferase reporter), and cell necrosis (via propidium iodide uptake). We infused the radiocontrast agent into the pancreatic ducts of wild-type mice (C57BL/6) to create a mouse model of post-ERCP pancreatitis; some mice were given intraperitoneal injections of the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 before and after infusion of the radiocontrast agent. CnAβ(-/-) mice also were used. This experiment also was performed in mice given infusions of adeno-associated virus 6-NF-κB-luciferase, to assess activation of this transcription factor in vivo. RESULTS Incubation of mouse and human acinar cells, but not HEK293 or COS7 cells, with iohexol led to a peak and then plateau in Ca(2+) signaling, along with activation of the transcription factors NF-κB and nuclear factor of activated T cells. Suppressing Ca(2+) signaling or calcineurin with BAPTA, cyclosporine A, or FK506 prevented activation of NF-κB and acinar cell injury. Calcineurin Aβ-deficient mice were protected against induction of pancreatic inflammation by iohexol. The calcineurin inhibitor FK506 prevented contrast-induced activation of NF-κB in pancreata of mice, this was observed by live imaging of mice given infusions of adeno-associated virus 6-NF-κB-luciferase. CONCLUSIONS Radiocontrast agents cause pancreatic inflammation in mice, via activation of NF-κB, Ca(2+) signaling, and calcineurin. Calcineurin inhibitors might be developed to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunqian Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
| | - Abrahim I. Orabi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
| | - Tianming Le
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
| | - Tanveer A. Javed
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
| | - Swati Sah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
| | - John F. Eisses
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
| | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Sohail Z. Husain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
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193
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Chin-Smith EC, Willey FR, Slater DM, Taggart MJ, Tribe RM. Nuclear factor of activated T-cell isoform expression and regulation in human myometrium. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:83. [PMID: 26238508 PMCID: PMC4523953 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During pregnancy, myometrial gene and protein expression is tightly regulated to accommodate fetal growth, promote quiescence and ultimately prepare for the onset of labour. It is proposed that changes in calcium signalling, may contribute to regulating gene expression and that nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) transcription factors (isoforms c1-c4) may be involved. Currently, there is little information regarding NFAT expression and regulation in myometrium. METHODS This study examined NFAT isoform mRNA expression in human myometrial tissue and cells from pregnant women using quantitative PCR. The effects of the Ca(2+) ionophore A23187 and in vitro stretch (25 % elongation, static strain; Flexercell FX-4000 Tension System) on NFAT expression were determined in cultured human myometrial cells. RESULTS Human myometrial tissue and cultured cells expressed NFATc1-c4 mRNA. NFATc2 gene expression in cultured cells was increased in response to 6 h stretch (11.5 fold, P < 0.001, n = 6) and calcium ionophore (A23187, 5 μM) treatment (20.6 fold, P < 0.001, n = 6). This response to stretch was significantly reduced (90 %, P < 0.001, n = 10) in the presence of an intracellular calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM (20 μM). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that NFATc2 expression is regulated by intracellular calcium and in vitro stretch, and that the stretch response in human myometrial cells is dependent upon intracellular calcium signalling pathways. Our findings indicate a potentially unique role for NFATc2 in mediating stretch-induced gene expression per se and warrant further exploration in relation to the mechanisms promoting uterine smooth muscle growth in early pregnancy and/or labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evonne C Chin-Smith
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, Women's Health Academic Centre KHP, St Thomas' Hospital, 10th Floor, North Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Frances R Willey
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, Women's Health Academic Centre KHP, St Thomas' Hospital, 10th Floor, North Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Donna M Slater
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4 N1, Canada.
| | - Michael J Taggart
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Rachel M Tribe
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, Women's Health Academic Centre KHP, St Thomas' Hospital, 10th Floor, North Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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194
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The long-term administration of calcineurin inhibitors decreases antioxidant enzyme activity in the rat parotid and submandibular salivary glands. Life Sci 2015; 134:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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195
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Nygren PJ, Scott JD. Therapeutic strategies for anchored kinases and phosphatases: exploiting short linear motifs and intrinsic disorder. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:158. [PMID: 26283967 PMCID: PMC4516873 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation events that occur in response to the second messenger cAMP are controlled spatially and temporally by protein kinase A (PKA) interacting with A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). Recent advances in understanding the structural basis for this interaction have reinforced the hypothesis that AKAPs create spatially constrained signaling microdomains. This has led to the realization that the PKA/AKAP interface is a potential drug target for modulating a plethora of cell-signaling events. Pharmacological disruption of kinase–AKAP interactions has previously been explored for disease treatment and remains an interesting area of research. However, disrupting or enhancing the association of phosphatases with AKAPs is a therapeutic concept of equal promise, particularly since they oppose the actions of many anchored kinases. Accordingly, numerous AKAPs bind phosphatases such as protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), calcineurin (PP2B), and PP2A. These multimodal signaling hubs are equally able to control the addition of phosphate groups onto target substrates, as well as the removal of these phosphate groups. In this review, we describe recent advances in structural analysis of kinase and phosphatase interactions with AKAPs, and suggest future possibilities for targeting these interactions for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Nygren
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - John D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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196
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Zhang P, Knape MJ, Ahuja LG, Keshwani MM, King CC, Sastri M, Herberg FW, Taylor SS. Single Turnover Autophosphorylation Cycle of the PKA RIIβ Holoenzyme. PLoS Biol 2015; 13:e1002192. [PMID: 26158466 PMCID: PMC4497662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide tight spatiotemporal signaling control, the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) holoenzyme typically nucleates a macromolecular complex or a "PKA signalosome." Using the RIIβ holoenzyme as a prototype, we show how autophosphorylation/dephosphorylation of the RIIβ subunit, as well as cAMP and metal ions, contribute to the dynamics of PKA signaling. While we showed previously that the RIIβ holoenzyme could undergo a single turnover autophosphorylation with adenosine triphosphate and magnesium (MgATP) and trap both products in the crystal lattice, we asked here whether calcium could trap an ATP:RIIβ holoenzyme since the RIIβ holoenzyme is located close to ion channels. The 2.8Å structure of an RIIβp2:C2:(Ca2ADP)2 holoenzyme, supported by biochemical and biophysical data, reveals a trapped single phosphorylation event similar to MgATP. Thus, calcium can mediate a single turnover event with either ATP or adenosine-5'-(β,γ-imido)triphosphate (AMP-PNP), even though it cannot support steady-state catalysis efficiently. The holoenzyme serves as a "product trap" because of the slow off-rate of the pRIIβ subunit, which is controlled by cAMP, not by phosphorylation of the inhibitor site. By quantitatively defining the RIIβ signaling cycle, we show that release of pRIIβ in the presence of cAMP is reduced by calcium, whereas autophosphorylation at the phosphorylation site (P-site) inhibits holoenzyme reassociation with the catalytic subunit. Adding a single phosphoryl group to the preformed RIIβ holoenzyme thus creates a signaling cycle in which phosphatases become an essential partner. This previously unappreciated molecular mechanism is an integral part of PKA signaling for type II holoenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | | | - Lalima G. Ahuja
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Malik M. Keshwani
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Charles C. King
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Mira Sastri
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Friedrich W. Herberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
- * E-mail: (FWH); (SST)
| | - Susan S. Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FWH); (SST)
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197
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Matsoukas MT, Aranguren-Ibáñez Á, Lozano T, Nunes V, Lasarte JJ, Pardo L, Pérez-Riba M. Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of calcineurin-NFATc signaling that mimic the PxIxIT motif of calcineurin binding partners. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra63. [PMID: 26106221 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin (CN), a serine and threonine protein phosphatase that depends on Ca(2+) and calmodulin for its activity, is the target of the immunosuppressant drugs cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506). CN dephosphorylates and activates members of the NFATc (nuclear factor of activated T cells) family of transcription factors in T cells by binding to their conserved PxIxIT motif. Upon dephosphorylation, NFATc proteins translocate to the nucleus, where they stimulate the expression of genes encoding cytokines and chemokines that are required for T cell proliferation and the immune response. We performed a pharmacophore-based virtual screening of ~5.5 million commercially available, "drug-like" compounds to identify nonpeptidic compounds that inhibited the CN-dependent activation of NFATc signaling and that could serve as potential drug candidates for immunosuppressive therapy. Of 32 compounds that mimicked the PxIxIT motif, 7 competed with NFATc for binding to CN in vitro without interfering with the phosphatase activity of CN. Furthermore, in activated human CD4(+) T cells, four of the seven compounds inhibited the expression of NFATc-dependent genes, cytokine production, and cell proliferation, suggesting that these may have therapeutic potential as immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minos-Timotheos Matsoukas
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Álvaro Aranguren-Ibáñez
- Cellular Signalling Group, Laboratori de Genètica Molecular, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Teresa Lozano
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada - CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, IDISNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Virginia Nunes
- Laboratori de Genètica Molecular, IDIBELL, U-730, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), and Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08908 Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Juan José Lasarte
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada - CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, IDISNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Mercè Pérez-Riba
- Cellular Signalling Group, Laboratori de Genètica Molecular, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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198
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Yang T, Colecraft HM. Calmodulin regulation of TMEM16A and 16B Ca(2+)-activated chloride channels. Channels (Austin) 2015; 10:38-44. [PMID: 26083059 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2015.1058455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+)-activated chloride channels encoded by TMEM16A and 16B are important for regulating epithelial mucus secretion, cardiac and neuronal excitability, smooth muscle contraction, olfactory transduction, and cell proliferation. Whether and how the ubiquitous Ca(2+) sensor calmodulin (CaM) regulates the activity of TMEM16A and 16B channels has been controversial and the subject of an ongoing debate. Recently, using a bioengineering approach termed ChIMP (Channel Inactivation induced by Membrane-tethering of an associated Protein) we argued that Ca(2+)-free CaM (apoCaM) is pre-associated with functioning TMEM16A and 16B channel complexes in live cells. Further, the pre-associated apoCaM mediates Ca(2+)-dependent sensitization of activation (CDSA) and Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation (CDI) of some TMEM16A splice variants. In this review, we discuss these findings in the context of previous and recent results relating to Ca(2+)-dependent regulation of TMEM16A/16B channels and the putative role of CaM. We further discuss potential future directions for these nascent ideas on apoCaM regulation of TMEM16A/16B channels, noting that such future efforts will benefit greatly from the pioneering work of Dr. David T. Yue and colleagues on CaM regulation of voltage-dependent calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- a Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics ; Columbia University; College of Physicians and Surgeons ; New York , NY USA
| | - Henry M Colecraft
- a Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics ; Columbia University; College of Physicians and Surgeons ; New York , NY USA
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199
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Nicolao MC, Cumino AC. Biochemical and molecular characterization of the calcineurin in Echinococcus granulosus larval stages. Acta Trop 2015; 146:141-51. [PMID: 25818323 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin (CaN) is a Ca(2+)-calmodulin activated serine-threonine protein phosphatase that couples the local or global calcium signals, thus controlling important cellular functions in physiological and developmental processes. The aim of this study was to characterize CaN in Echinococcus granulosus (Eg-CaN), a human cestode parasite of clinical importance, both functionally and molecularly. We found that the catalytic subunit isoforms have predicted sequences of 613 and 557 amino acids and are substantially similar to those of the human counterpart, except for the C-terminal end. We also found that the regulatory subunit consists of 169 amino acids which are 87% identical to the human ortholog. We cloned a cDNA encoding for one of the two catalytic subunit isoforms of CaN (Eg-can-A1) as well as the only copy of the Eg-can-B gene, both constitutively transcribed in all Echinococcus larval stages and responsible for generating a functionally active heterodimer. Eg-CaN native enzyme has phosphatase activity, which is enhanced by Ca(2+)/Ni(2+) and reduced by cyclosporine A and Ca(2+) chelators. Participation of Eg-CaN in exocytosis was demonstrated using the FM4-64 probe and Eg-CaN-A was immunolocalized in the cytoplasm of tegumental cells, suckers and excretory bladder of protoscoleces. We also showed that the Eg-can-B transcripts were down-regulated in response to low Ca(2+) intracellular level, in agreement with decreased enzyme activity. Confocal microscopy revealed a striking pattern of Eg-CaN-A in discrete fluorescent spots in the protoscolex posterior bladder and vesicularized protoscoleces beginning the vesicular differentiation. In contrast, Eg-CaN-A was undetectable during the pre-microcyst closing stage while a high DDX-like RNA helicase expression was evidenced. Finally, we identified and analyzed the expression of CaN-related endogenous regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Celeste Nicolao
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Nivel Cero, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Andrea C Cumino
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Nivel Cero, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Nivel 2, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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200
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Shinzawa M, Konno H, Qin J, Akiyama N, Miyauchi M, Ohashi H, Miyamoto-Sato E, Yanagawa H, Akiyama T, Inoue JI. Catalytic subunits of the phosphatase calcineurin interact with NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) and attenuate NIK-dependent gene expression. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10758. [PMID: 26029823 PMCID: PMC5377069 DOI: 10.1038/srep10758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is a serine/threonine kinase that activates NF-κB pathways, thereby regulating a wide variety of immune systems. Aberrant NIK activation causes tumor malignancy, suggesting a requirement for precise regulation of NIK activity. To explore novel interacting proteins of NIK, we performed in vitro virus screening and identified the catalytic subunit Aα isoform of serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin (CnAα) as a novel NIK-interacting protein. The interaction of NIK with CnAα in living cells was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Calcineurin catalytic subunit Aβ isoform (CnAβ) also bound to NIK. Experiments using domain deletion mutants suggested that CnAα and CnAβ interact with both the kinase domain and C-terminal region of NIK. Moreover, the phosphatase domain of CnAα is responsible for the interaction with NIK. Intriguingly, we found that TRAF3, a critical regulator of NIK activity, also binds to CnAα and CnAβ. Depletion of CnAα and CnAβ significantly enhanced lymphotoxin-β receptor (LtβR)-mediated expression of the NIK-dependent gene Spi-B and activation of RelA and RelB, suggesting that CnAα and CnAβ attenuate NF-κB activation mediated by LtβR-NIK signaling. Overall, these findings suggest a possible role of CnAα and CnAβ in modifying NIK functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Shinzawa
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Konno
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junwen Qin
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education and International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nobuko Akiyama
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Miyauchi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohashi
- Division of Interactome Medical Sciences, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Miyamoto-Sato
- Division of Interactome Medical Sciences, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yanagawa
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taishin Akiyama
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Inoue
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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