151
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Zhu PK, Zheng WS, Zhang P, Jing M, Borden PM, Ali F, Guo K, Feng J, Marvin JS, Wang Y, Wan J, Gan L, Kwan AC, Lin L, Looger LL, Li Y, Zhang Y. Nanoscopic Visualization of Restricted Nonvolume Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Transmission with Genetically Encoded Sensors. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4073-4083. [PMID: 32396366 PMCID: PMC7519949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
How neuromodulatory transmitters diffuse into the extracellular space remains an unsolved fundamental biological question, despite wide acceptance of the volume transmission model. Here, we report development of a method combining genetically encoded fluorescent sensors with high-resolution imaging and analysis algorithms which permits the first direct visualization of neuromodulatory transmitter diffusion at various neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Our analysis reveals that acetylcholine and monoamines diffuse at individual release sites with a spread length constant of ∼0.75 μm. These transmitters employ varied numbers of release sites, and when spatially close-packed release sites coactivate they can spillover into larger subcellular areas. Our data indicate spatially restricted (i.e., nonvolume) neuromodulatory transmission to be a prominent intercellular communication mode, reshaping current thinking of control and precision of neuromodulation crucial for understanding behaviors and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula K. Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Math, Engineering & Science Academy Class of 2020, Albemarle High School, Charlottesville, VA 22901
- Summer Secondary School Neurobiology Class of 2019, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Current address: Undergraduate Class of 2024, Harvard College, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - W. Sharon Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Class of 2021, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Miao Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Philip M. Borden
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
- Current address: LifeEDIT, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Farhan Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Kaiming Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiesi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jonathan S. Marvin
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Jinxia Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Alex C. Kwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Li Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Loren L. Looger
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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152
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Janitzky K. Impaired Phasic Discharge of Locus Coeruleus Neurons Based on Persistent High Tonic Discharge-A New Hypothesis With Potential Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurol 2020; 11:371. [PMID: 32477246 PMCID: PMC7235306 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) is a small brainstem nucleus with widely distributed noradrenergic projections to the whole brain, and loss of LC neurons is a prominent feature of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This article discusses the hypothesis that in early stages of neurodegenerative diseases, the discharge mode of LC neurons could be changed to a persistent high tonic discharge, which in turn might impair phasic discharge. Since phasic discharge of LC neurons is required for the release of high amounts of norepinephrine (NE) in the brain to promote anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, persistent high tonic discharge of LC neurons could be a key factor in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Transcutaneous vagal stimulation (t-VNS), a non-invasive technique that potentially increases phasic discharge of LC neurons, could therefore provide a non-pharmacological treatment approach in specific disease stages. This article focuses on LC vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases, discusses the hypothesis that a persistent high tonic discharge of LC neurons might affect neurodegenerative processes, and finally reflects on t-VNS as a potentially useful clinical tool in specific stages of AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Janitzky
- Department of Neurology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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153
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Erel H, Zivony A, Levy DA. Cognitive processes in aging effects on attentional alerting. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 92:28-33. [PMID: 32380362 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Alerting, the process of achieving and maintaining a state of optimal vigilance, is crucial for detecting relevant stimuli and task performance. Age-related decline in the ability to use alerting cues is widely reported and attributed to changes in noradrenergic signaling. However, it remains to be determined whether aging affects all forms of alerting cues equally and whether older adults differently modulate their alerting sensitivity based on differences in cue predictivity relevant to the target task. We examined the performance of 135 younger adults and 103 older adults on three versions of the Attention Networks Test, using locational but spatially nonpredictive visual cues, locational spatially predictive visual cues, and spatially predictive auditory cues. Analysis of alerting effects indicated that while older adults derived less benefit from visual alerting cues than younger adults, they used auditory alerting cues equally well. Furthermore, cue spatial predictivity did not impact on aging effects on alerting. This heterogeneity in aging effects on alerting may indicate that they result primarily from cognitive rather than neuromodulatory changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Erel
- The Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | | | - Daniel A Levy
- The Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel.
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154
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Noradrenergic Responsiveness Supports Selective Attention across the Adult Lifespan. J Neurosci 2020; 40:4372-4390. [PMID: 32317388 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0398-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectively attending to relevant information while blocking out distractors is crucial for goal-directed behavior, yet with advancing age, deficits emerge in attentional selectivity. Decrements in attention have been associated with altered noradrenergic activity in animals. However, research linking noradrenergic functioning to attention in aging humans is scarce, likely reflecting long-standing methodological challenges in noninvasive assessments. We studied whether age-related differences in the noradrenergic system predict differences in attention. We measured pupil dilation, a noninvasive marker of arousal-related norepinephrine (NE) release, while concurrently recording the EEG of male younger (N = 39; 25.2 ± 3.2 years) and older adults (N = 38; 70.6 ± 2.7 years). Arousal was modulated on a trial-by-trial basis using fear-conditioned (CS+) stimuli. During conditioning, pupil and EEG markers related to heightened arousal were identified. Afterward, in a dichotic listening task, participants were cued to direct attention to either the left or right ear while highly similar syllable pairs were presented simultaneously to both ears. During the dichotic listening task, presentation of fear-conditioned stimuli reinstated the acquired arousal response, as reflected in pupil and EEG α-β band responses. Critically, pupil dilation to CS+ was correlated with stronger EEG α-β desynchronization, suggesting a common dependence on NE release. On a behavioral level, stronger arousal reactions were associated with better attention. In particular, structural equation modeling revealed that the responsiveness of the NE system is associated with attention on a latent construct level, measured by several indicator tasks. Overall, our results suggest that the responsiveness of the NE system supports attention across the lifespan.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In old age, the ability to selectively process relevant aspects of the environment fades. Animal research suggests that the neuromodulator norepinephrine helps to maintain selective attention. We tested younger and older adults across a variety of attention tasks. In addition, we used arousing stimuli to experimentally activate participants' noradrenergic system while recording pupillometry and EEG to infer its functional capacity. Older adults showed compromised attention and reduced noradrenergic responsiveness as indicated by interrelated pupil and EEG markers. Crucially, in both age groups, a more responsive noradrenergic system was strongly associated with attention. Our findings link animal and human studies on the neural underpinning of attention in aging and underscore the importance of the noradrenergic system in late-life cognition.
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155
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Mather M, Huang R, Clewett D, Nielsen SE, Velasco R, Tu K, Han S, Kennedy BL. Isometric exercise facilitates attention to salient events in women via the noradrenergic system. Neuroimage 2020; 210:116560. [PMID: 31978545 PMCID: PMC7061882 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) regulates attention via the release of norepinephrine (NE), with levels of tonic LC activity constraining the intensity of phasic LC responses. In the current fMRI study, we used isometric handgrip to modulate tonic LC-NE activity in older women and in young women with different hormone statuses during the time period immediately after the handgrip. During this post-handgrip time, an oddball detection task was used to probe how changes in tonic arousal influenced functional coordination between the LC and a right frontoparietal network that supports attentional selectivity. As expected, the frontoparietal network responded more to infrequent target and novel sounds than to frequent sounds. Across participants, greater LC-frontoparietal functional connectivity, pupil dilation, and faster oddball detection were all positively associated with LC MRI structural contrast from a neuromelanin-sensitive scan. Thus, LC structure was related to LC functional dynamics and attentional performance during the oddball task. We also found that handgrip influenced pupil and attentional processing during a subsequent oddball task. Handgrip decreased subsequent tonic pupil size, increased phasic pupil responses to oddball sounds, speeded oddball detection speed, and increased frontoparietal network activation, suggesting that inducing strong LC activity benefits attentional performance in the next few minutes, potentially due to reduced tonic LC activity. In addition, older women showed a similar benefit of handgrip on frontoparietal network activation as younger women, despite showing lower frontoparietal network activation overall. Together these findings suggest that a simple exercise may improve selective attention in healthy aging, at least for several minutes afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Mather
- University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, USA.
| | - Ringo Huang
- University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, USA
| | - David Clewett
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, USA
| | - Shawn E Nielsen
- University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, USA
| | - Ricardo Velasco
- University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, USA
| | - Kristie Tu
- University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, USA
| | - Sophia Han
- University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, USA
| | - Briana L Kennedy
- University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, USA
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156
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MPTP-Induced Impairment of Cardiovascular Function. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:27-37. [PMID: 32198706 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of Lewy bodies and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpC). MPTP is widely used to generate murine PD model. In addition to classical motor disorders, PD patients usually have non-motor symptoms related to autonomic impairment, which precedes decades before the motor dysfunction. This study's objective is to examine the effects of MPTP on noradrenergic neurons in the hindbrain, thereby on the cardiovascular function in mice. Adult mice received 10 mg/kg/day of MPTP (4 consecutive days) to generate PD model. Systolic blood pressure was measured by tail cuff system in conscious mice, and baroreflex sensitivity was evaluated by heart rate alteration in response to a transient increase or decrease in blood pressure induced by intravenous infusion of phenylalanine (PE) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in anesthetized condition, respectively. Baseline heart rate and heart rate variability were analyzed in both sham and MPTP-treated mice. Dopamine, norepinephrine, and related metabolites in the plasma and brain tissues including SNpC, locus coeruleus (LC), rostroventrolateral medulla (RVLM), and nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) neurons in above nuclei were quantified by immunoreactivities. We found that in addition to the loss of TH+ neurons in SNpC, MPTP treatment induced a dramatic reduction of TH+ cell counts in the LC, RVLM, and NTS. These are associated with significant decreases of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine in above nuclei. Meanwhile, MPTP induced a lasting effect of baroreflex desensitization, tachycardia, and decreased heart rate variability compared to the sham mice. Notably, MPTP treatment elevated sympathetic outflow and suppressed parasympathetic tonicity according to the heart rate power spectrum analysis. Our results indicate that the loss of TH+ neurons in the brainstem by MPTP treatment led to impaired autonomic cardiovascular function. These results suggest that MPTP treatment can be used to study the autonomic dysfunction in murine model.
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157
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Mercan
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany. .,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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158
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Kaalund SS, Passamonti L, Allinson KSJ, Murley AG, Robbins TW, Spillantini MG, Rowe JB. Locus coeruleus pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy, and its relation to disease severity. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:11. [PMID: 32019605 PMCID: PMC7001334 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-0886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The locus coeruleus is the major source of noradrenaline to the brain and contributes to a wide range of physiological and cognitive functions including arousal, attention, autonomic control, and adaptive behaviour. Neurodegeneration and pathological aggregation of tau protein in the locus coeruleus are early features of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). This pathology is proposed to contribute to the clinical expression of disease, including the PSP Richardson's syndrome. We test the hypothesis that tau pathology and neuronal loss are associated with clinical heterogeneity and severity in PSP.We used immunohistochemistry in post mortem tissues from 31 patients with a clinical diagnosis of PSP (22 with Richardson's syndrome) and 6 control cases. We quantified the presence of hyperphosphorylated tau, the number of pigmented cells indicative of noradrenergic neurons, and the percentage of pigmented neurons with tau-positive inclusions. Ante mortem assessment of clinical severity using the PSP rating scale was available within 1.8 (±0.9) years for 23 patients.We found an average 49% reduction of pigmented neurons in PSP patients relative to controls. The loss of pigmented neurons correlated with disease severity, even after adjusting for disease duration and the interval between clinical assessment and death. The degree of neuronal loss was negatively associated with tau-positive inclusions, with an average of 44% of pigmented neurons displaying tau-inclusions.Degeneration and tau pathology in the locus coeruleus are related to clinical heterogeneity of PSP. The noradrenergic deficit in the locus coeruleus is a candidate target for pharmacological treatment. Recent developments in ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging to quantify in vivo structural integrity of the locus coeruleus may provide biomarkers for noradrenergic experimental medicines studies in PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Simone Kaalund
- Cambridge University Centre for Parkinson-plus and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ UK
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Luca Passamonti
- Cambridge University Centre for Parkinson-plus and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ UK
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare (IBFM), Milan, Italy
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and the Cambridge Brain Bank, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kieren S. J. Allinson
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and the Cambridge Brain Bank, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander G. Murley
- Cambridge University Centre for Parkinson-plus and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ UK
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Grazia Spillantini
- Cambridge University Centre for Parkinson-plus and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ UK
| | - James B. Rowe
- Cambridge University Centre for Parkinson-plus and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ UK
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and the Cambridge Brain Bank, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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159
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Mueller SG. Mapping internal brainstem structures using MP2RAGE derived T1 weighted and T1 relaxation images at 3 and 7 T. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2173-2186. [PMID: 31971322 PMCID: PMC7198362 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The brainstem is a site of early pathology in several neurodegenerative diseases. The overall goal of this project was (a) To develop a method to segment internal brainstem structures from MP2RAGE derived images. (b) To compare the segmentations at 3 and 7 T. (c) To investigate age effects on intensities and segmentations. MP2RAGE derived T1 weighted images (UNI) and T1 relaxation maps (T1map) were obtained from two public data sets (LEMON: 50 3 T data sets, ATAG: 46 7 T data sets). The UNI and T1map images were rescaled using a linear scaling procedure and a ratio (RATIO) image calculated. The brainstem was extracted and k‐mean clustering used to identify six intensity clusters from the UNI, T1map and RATIO at 3 and 7 T. Nonlinear diffeomorphic mapping was used to warp the six intensity clusters in subject space into a common space to generate probabilistic group averages/priors that were used to inform the final probabilistic segmentations at the single subject level for each field strength. The six clusters corresponded to six brainstem tissue types (three gray matter clusters and two white matter clusters and one csf/tissue boundary cluster). The quantitative comparison of the 3 and 7 T probabilistic averages showed subtle differences that affected the localization of age‐associated brainstem volume losses. The segmentation approach presented here identified the same brainstem gray and white matter structures at both field strengths. Further studies are necessary to investigate how resolution and field strength contribute to the subtle differences observed at the two field strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne G Mueller
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, California
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160
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Derry PJ, Hegde ML, Jackson GR, Kayed R, Tour JM, Tsai AL, Kent TA. Revisiting the intersection of amyloid, pathologically modified tau and iron in Alzheimer's disease from a ferroptosis perspective. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 184:101716. [PMID: 31604111 PMCID: PMC7850812 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) complicates the search for effective treatments. While the key roles of pathologically modified proteins has occupied a central role in hypotheses of the pathophysiology, less attention has been paid to the potential role for transition metals overload, subsequent oxidative stress, and tissue injury. The association of transition metals, the major focus heretofore iron and amyloid, the same can now be said for the likely pathogenic microtubular associated tau (MAPT). This review discusses the interplay between iron, pathologically modified tau and oxidative stress, and connects many related discoveries. Basic principles of the transition to pathological MAPT are discussed. Iron, its homeostatic mechanisms, the recently described phenomenon of ferroptosis and purported, although still controversial roles in AD are reviewed as well as considerations to overcome existing hurdles of iron-targeted therapeutic avenues that have been attempted in AD. We summarize the involvement of multiple pathological pathways at different disease stages of disease progression that supports the potential for a combinatorial treatment strategy targeting multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Derry
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, United States
| | - George R Jackson
- Department of Neurology Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - James M Tour
- Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ah-Lim Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, McGovern School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas A Kent
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States; Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.
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161
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O'Halloran KD. Pontine noradrenergic neurons facilitate pulmonary ventilation during hypercapnic stress: fight or flight - and breathe! Exp Physiol 2019; 105:5-6. [PMID: 31782170 DOI: 10.1113/ep088283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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162
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Giorgi FS, Saccaro LF, Galgani A, Busceti CL, Biagioni F, Frati A, Fornai F. The role of Locus Coeruleus in neuroinflammation occurring in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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163
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Hassani OK, Rymar VV, Nguyen KQ, Huo L, Cloutier JF, Miller FD, Sadikot AF. The noradrenergic system is necessary for survival of vulnerable midbrain dopaminergic neurons: implications for development and Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 85:22-37. [PMID: 31734438 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cause of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron loss in sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is multifactorial, involving cell autonomous factors, cell-cell interactions, and the effects of environmental toxins. Early loss of neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC), the main source of ascending noradrenergic (NA) projections, is an important feature of PD and other neurodegenerative disorders. We hypothesized that NA afferents provide trophic support for vulnerable mDA neurons. We demonstrate that depriving mDA neurons of NA input increases postnatal apoptosis and decreases cell survival in young adult rodents, with relative sparing of calbindin-positive subpopulations known to be resistant to degeneration in PD. As a mechanism, we propose that the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulates anterograde survival effects of LC inputs to mDA neurons. We demonstrate that the LC is rich in BDNF mRNA in postnatal and young adult brains. Early postnatal NA denervation reduces both BDNF protein and activation of TrkB receptors in the ventral midbrain. Furthermore, overexpression of BDNF in NA afferents in transgenic mice increases mDA neuronal survival. Finally, increasing NA activity in primary cultures of mDA neurons improves survival, an effect that is additive or synergistic in the presence of different concentrations of BDNF. Taken together, our results point to a novel mechanism whereby LC afferents couple BDNF effects and NA activity to provide anterograde trophic support for vulnerable mDA neurons. Early loss of NA activity and anterograde neurotrophin support may contribute to degeneration of vulnerable neurons in PD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oum Kaltoum Hassani
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vladimir V Rymar
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Khanh Q Nguyen
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lia Huo
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Cloutier
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Freda D Miller
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Microbiology & Physiology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abbas F Sadikot
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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164
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Ehrenberg AJ, Suemoto CK, França Resende EDP, Petersen C, Leite REP, Rodriguez RD, Ferretti-Rebustini REDL, You M, Oh J, Nitrini R, Pasqualucci CA, Jacob-Filho W, Kramer JH, Gatchel JR, Grinberg LT. Neuropathologic Correlates of Psychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:115-126. [PMID: 30223398 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Clarifying the relationships between neuropsychiatric symptoms and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathology may open avenues for effective treatments. Here, we investigate the odds of developing neuropsychiatric symptoms across increasing burdens of neurofibrillary tangle and amyloid-β pathology. Participants who passed away between 2004 and 2014 underwent comprehensive neuropathologic evaluation at the Biobank for Aging Studies from the Faculty of Medicine at the University of São Paulo. Postmortem interviews with reliable informants were used to collect information regarding neuropsychiatric and cognitive status. Of 1,092 cases collected, those with any non-Alzheimer pathology were excluded, bringing the cohort to 455 cases. Braak staging was used to evaluate neurofibrillary tangle burden, and the CERAD neuropathology score was used to evaluate amyloid-β burden. The 12-item neuropsychiatric inventory was used to evaluate neuropsychiatric symptoms and CDR-SOB score was used to evaluate dementia status. In Braak I/II, significantly increased odds were detected for agitation, anxiety, appetite changes, depression, and sleep disturbances, compared to controls. Increased odds of agitation continue into Braak III/IV. Braak V/VI is associated with higher odds for delusions. No increased odds for neuropsychiatric symptoms were found to correlate with amyloid-β pathology. Increased odds of neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with early neurofibrillary tangle pathology, suggesting that subcortical neurofibrillary tangle accumulation with minimal cortical pathology is sufficient to impact quality of life and that neuropsychiatric symptoms are a manifestation of AD biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Ehrenberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Elisa de Paula França Resende
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cathrine Petersen
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michelle You
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jun Oh
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joel H Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Lea T Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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165
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Rostral locus coeruleus integrity is associated with better memory performance in older adults. Nat Hum Behav 2019; 3:1203-1214. [PMID: 31501542 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-019-0715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For decades, research into memory decline in human cognitive ageing has focused on neocortical regions, the hippocampus and dopaminergic neuromodulation. Recent findings indicate that the locus coeruleus (LC) and noradrenergic neuromodulation may also play an important role in shaping memory development in later life. However, technical challenges in quantification of LC integrity have hindered the study of LC-cognition associations in humans. Using high-resolution, neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging, we found that individual differences in learning and memory were positively associated with LC integrity across a variety of memory tasks in both younger (n = 66) and older adults (n = 228). Moreover, we observed functionally relevant age differences confined to rostral LC. Older adults with a more 'youth-like' rostral LC also showed higher memory performance. These findings link non-invasive, in vivo indices of LC integrity to memory in ageing and highlight the role of the LC norepinephrine system in the decline of cognition.
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166
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Betts MJ, Kirilina E, Otaduy MCG, Ivanov D, Acosta-Cabronero J, Callaghan MF, Lambert C, Cardenas-Blanco A, Pine K, Passamonti L, Loane C, Keuken MC, Trujillo P, Lüsebrink F, Mattern H, Liu KY, Priovoulos N, Fliessbach K, Dahl MJ, Maaß A, Madelung CF, Meder D, Ehrenberg AJ, Speck O, Weiskopf N, Dolan R, Inglis B, Tosun D, Morawski M, Zucca FA, Siebner HR, Mather M, Uludag K, Heinsen H, Poser BA, Howard R, Zecca L, Rowe JB, Grinberg LT, Jacobs HIL, Düzel E, Hämmerer D. Locus coeruleus imaging as a biomarker for noradrenergic dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Brain 2019; 142:2558-2571. [PMID: 31327002 PMCID: PMC6736046 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological alterations to the locus coeruleus, the major source of noradrenaline in the brain, are histologically evident in early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. Novel MRI approaches now provide an opportunity to quantify structural features of the locus coeruleus in vivo during disease progression. In combination with neuropathological biomarkers, in vivo locus coeruleus imaging could help to understand the contribution of locus coeruleus neurodegeneration to clinical and pathological manifestations in Alzheimer's disease, atypical neurodegenerative dementias and Parkinson's disease. Moreover, as the functional sensitivity of the noradrenergic system is likely to change with disease progression, in vivo measures of locus coeruleus integrity could provide new pathophysiological insights into cognitive and behavioural symptoms. Locus coeruleus imaging also holds the promise to stratify patients into clinical trials according to noradrenergic dysfunction. In this article, we present a consensus on how non-invasive in vivo assessment of locus coeruleus integrity can be used for clinical research in neurodegenerative diseases. We outline the next steps for in vivo, post-mortem and clinical studies that can lay the groundwork to evaluate the potential of locus coeruleus imaging as a biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Betts
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Evgeniya Kirilina
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria C G Otaduy
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance LIM44, Department and Institute of Radiology, Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimo Ivanov
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martina F Callaghan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Christian Lambert
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Arturo Cardenas-Blanco
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kerrin Pine
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Luca Passamonti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare (IBFM), Milan, Italy
| | - Clare Loane
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Max C Keuken
- University of Amsterdam, Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience research unit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University of Leiden, Cognitive Psychology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paula Trujillo
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Falk Lüsebrink
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Physics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Mattern
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Physics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kathy Y Liu
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nikos Priovoulos
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin J Dahl
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Maaß
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christopher F Madelung
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - David Meder
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Alexander J Ehrenberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Speck
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Physics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Weiskopf
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Raymond Dolan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Max Planck Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing, University College London, UK
| | - Ben Inglis
- Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Duygu Tosun
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Markus Morawski
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fabio A Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Mara Mather
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kamil Uludag
- Centre for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Techna Institute and Koerner Scientist in MR Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Clinic of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt A Poser
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dorothea Hämmerer
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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167
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Rapid Reconfiguration of the Functional Connectome after Chemogenetic Locus Coeruleus Activation. Neuron 2019; 103:702-718.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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168
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Oertel WH, Henrich MT, Janzen A, Geibl FF. The locus coeruleus: Another vulnerability target in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1423-1429. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annette Janzen
- Department of Neurology Philipps University Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Fanni F. Geibl
- Department of Neurology Philipps University Marburg Marburg Germany
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169
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Ghosh A, Torraville SE, Mukherjee B, Walling SG, Martin GM, Harley CW, Yuan Q. An experimental model of Braak's pretangle proposal for the origin of Alzheimer's disease: the role of locus coeruleus in early symptom development. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2019; 11:59. [PMID: 31266535 PMCID: PMC6607586 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The earliest brain pathology related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is hyperphosphorylated soluble tau in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons. Braak characterizes five pretangle tau stages preceding AD tangles. Pretangles begin in young humans and persist in the LC while spreading from there to other neuromodulatory neurons and, later, to the cortex. While LC pretangles appear in all by age 40, they do not necessarily result in AD prior to death. However, with age and pretangle spread, more individuals progress to AD stages. LC neurons are lost late, at Braak stages III–IV, when memory deficits appear. It is not clear if LC hyperphosphorylated tau generates the pathology and cognitive changes associated with preclinical AD. We use a rat model expressing pseudohyperphosphorylated human tau in LC to investigate the hypothesis that LC pretangles generate preclinical Alzheimer pathology. Methods We infused an adeno-associated viral vector carrying a human tau gene pseudophosphorylated at 14 sites common in LC pretangles into 2–3- or 14–16-month TH-Cre rats. We used odor discrimination to probe LC dysfunction, and we evaluated LC cell and fiber loss. Results Abnormal human tau was expressed in LC and exhibited somatodendritic mislocalization. In rats infused at 2–3 months old, 4 months post-infusion abnormal LC tau had transferred to the serotonergic raphe neurons. After 7 months, difficult similar odor discrimination learning was impaired. Impairment was associated with reduced LC axonal density in the olfactory cortex and upregulated β1-adrenoceptors. LC infusions in 14–16-month-old rats resulted in more severe outcomes. By 5–6 months post-infusion, rats were impaired even in simple odor discrimination learning. LC neuron number was reduced. Human tau appeared in the microglia and cortical neurons. Conclusions Our animal model suggests, for the first time, that Braak’s hypothesis that human AD originates with pretangle stages is plausible. LC pretangle progression here generates both preclinical AD pathological changes and cognitive decline. The odor discrimination deficits are similar to human odor identification deficits seen with aging and preclinical AD. When initiated in aged rats, pretangle stages progress rapidly and cause LC cell loss. These age-related outcomes are associated with a severe learning impairment consistent with memory decline in Braak stages III–IV. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-019-0511-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinaba Ghosh
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Sarah E Torraville
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Bandhan Mukherjee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Susan G Walling
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Gerard M Martin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Carolyn W Harley
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada.
| | - Qi Yuan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
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170
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Mechanism underlying β2-AR agonist-mediated phenotypic conversion of LPS-activated microglial cells. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 332:37-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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171
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Olivieri P, Lagarde J, Lehericy S, Valabrègue R, Michel A, Macé P, Caillé F, Gervais P, Bottlaender M, Sarazin M. Early alteration of the locus coeruleus in phenotypic variants of Alzheimer's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1345-1351. [PMID: 31353860 PMCID: PMC6649639 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathological studies showed early locus coeruleus (LC) neuronal loss associated with tauopathy in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We used the LC signal intensity (LC-I) on 3T MRI to assess the LC integrity in AD (n = 37) and controls (n = 17). The LC-I was decreased in AD regardless of typical (amnesic) and atypical presentation (logopenic aphasia/visuo-spatial deficit), from the prodromal stage, and independently of the amyloid load measured by PiB-PET. The LC-I was correlated with memory performance of typical AD. This supports the pathophysiological model in which the LC plays a critical role in AD and may thus be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Olivieri
- Unit of Neurology of Memory and LanguageUniversité Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, GHU Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte AnneParisFrance
- UMR 1023IMIVService Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Julien Lagarde
- Unit of Neurology of Memory and LanguageUniversité Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, GHU Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte AnneParisFrance
- UMR 1023IMIVService Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Stéphane Lehericy
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière ‐ ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche ‐ CENIRF‐75013ParisFrance
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICMF‐75013ParisFrance
| | - Romain Valabrègue
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière ‐ ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche ‐ CENIRF‐75013ParisFrance
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICMF‐75013ParisFrance
| | - Adeline Michel
- Unit of Neurology of Memory and LanguageUniversité Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, GHU Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte AnneParisFrance
| | - Pierre Macé
- Unit of Neurology of Memory and LanguageUniversité Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, GHU Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte AnneParisFrance
| | - Fabien Caillé
- UMR 1023IMIVService Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Philippe Gervais
- UMR 1023IMIVService Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- UMR 1023IMIVService Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
- UNIACT, NeurospinCEA, Gif‐sur‐YvetteF‐91191France
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Unit of Neurology of Memory and LanguageUniversité Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, GHU Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte AnneParisFrance
- UMR 1023IMIVService Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
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172
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Ma K, Han C, Zhang G, Guo X, Xia Y, Wan F, Yin S, Kou L, Liu L, Huang J, Xiong N, Wang T. Reduced VMAT2 expression exacerbates the hyposmia in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:306-312. [PMID: 30954223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyposmia occurs during the prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD), while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Discussed are altered dopamine content and impairment of neurogenesis of olfactory bulbs (OB), which has been suggested to be linked to olfactory dysfunction. Given that mouse with reduced vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) expression is now deemed as a relatively new PD animal model simulating motor and nonmotor symptoms, it may provide a new insight into investigating the mechanisms of hyposmia in the context of PD. In this study, we examined the effect of subacute administration of MPTP on mice with a reduced expression of VMAT2, focusing on the histopathological and biochemical alterations, specifically, TH expression level, dopamine content as well as neurogenesis in OB. Interestingly, mice with a reduced VMAT2 expression displayed more obvious olfactory impairment in response to MPTP administration accompanied by markedly decreased dopaminergic interneurons in OB. Furthermore, neurogenesis in OB was also further impaired after MPTP due to reduced VMAT2 expression. We therefore demonstrated that reduced expression of VMAT2 contributed to the impairment of hyposmia, pathologically, the degeneration of extranigral systems and reduced neurogenesis might be the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ma
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, PR China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xingfang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fang Wan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Sijia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Liang Kou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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173
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Cassidy CM, Zucca FA, Girgis RR, Baker SC, Weinstein JJ, Sharp ME, Bellei C, Valmadre A, Vanegas N, Kegeles LS, Brucato G, Kang UJ, Sulzer D, Zecca L, Abi-Dargham A, Horga G. Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI as a noninvasive proxy measure of dopamine function in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:5108-5117. [PMID: 30796187 PMCID: PMC6421437 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807983116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI (NM-MRI) purports to detect the content of neuromelanin (NM), a product of dopamine metabolism that accumulates with age in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra (SN). Interindividual variability in dopamine function may result in varying levels of NM accumulation in the SN; however, the ability of NM-MRI to measure dopamine function in nonneurodegenerative conditions has not been established. Here, we validated that NM-MRI signal intensity in postmortem midbrain specimens correlated with regional NM concentration even in the absence of neurodegeneration, a prerequisite for its use as a proxy for dopamine function. We then validated a voxelwise NM-MRI approach with sufficient anatomical sensitivity to resolve SN subregions. Using this approach and a multimodal dataset of molecular PET and fMRI data, we further showed the NM-MRI signal was related to both dopamine release in the dorsal striatum and resting blood flow within the SN. These results suggest that NM-MRI signal in the SN is a proxy for function of dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. As a proof of concept for its clinical utility, we show that the NM-MRI signal correlated to severity of psychosis in schizophrenia and individuals at risk for schizophrenia, consistent with the well-established dysfunction of the nigrostriatal pathway in psychosis. Our results indicate that noninvasive NM-MRI is a promising tool that could have diverse research and clinical applications to investigate in vivo the role of dopamine in neuropsychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford M Cassidy
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032;
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, affiliated with The Royal, Ottawa, ON K1Z 8N3, Canada
| | - Fabio A Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Ragy R Girgis
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Seth C Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Jodi J Weinstein
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Madeleine E Sharp
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Chiara Bellei
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Valmadre
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Nora Vanegas
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Lawrence S Kegeles
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Gary Brucato
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Un Jung Kang
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Guillermo Horga
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032;
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174
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Morita M, Ikeshima-Kataoka H, Kreft M, Vardjan N, Zorec R, Noda M. Metabolic Plasticity of Astrocytes and Aging of the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040941. [PMID: 30795555 PMCID: PMC6413111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the blood-brain-barrier, astrocytes are ideally positioned between cerebral vasculature and neuronal synapses to mediate nutrient uptake from the systemic circulation. In addition, astrocytes have a robust enzymatic capacity of glycolysis, glycogenesis and lipid metabolism, managing nutrient support in the brain parenchyma for neuronal consumption. Here, we review the plasticity of astrocyte energy metabolism under physiologic and pathologic conditions, highlighting age-dependent brain dysfunctions. In astrocytes, glycolysis and glycogenesis are regulated by noradrenaline and insulin, respectively, while mitochondrial ATP production and fatty acid oxidation are influenced by the thyroid hormone. These regulations are essential for maintaining normal brain activities, and impairments of these processes may lead to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Metabolic plasticity is also associated with (re)activation of astrocytes, a process associated with pathologic events. It is likely that the recently described neurodegenerative and neuroprotective subpopulations of reactive astrocytes metabolize distinct energy substrates, and that this preference is supposed to explain some of their impacts on pathologic processes. Importantly, physiologic and pathologic properties of astrocytic metabolic plasticity bear translational potential in defining new potential diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets to mitigate neurodegeneration and age-related brain dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Morita
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences, Kobe University, 657-8501 Kobe, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Ikeshima-Kataoka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Marko Kreft
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mami Noda
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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175
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Locus Coeruleus Phasic, But Not Tonic, Activation Initiates Global Remapping in a Familiar Environment. J Neurosci 2018; 39:445-455. [PMID: 30478033 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1956-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) neurons, the source of hippocampal norepinephrine (NE), are activated by novelty and changes in environmental contingencies. Based on the role of monoamines in reconfiguring invertebrate networks, and data from mammalian systems, a network reset hypothesis for the effects of LC activation has been proposed. We used the cellular compartmental analysis of temporal FISH technique based on the cellular distribution of immediate early genes to examine the effect of LC activation and inactivation, on regional hippocampal maps in male rats, when LC activity was manipulated just before placement in a second familiar (A/A) and/or novel environment (A/B). We found that bilateral phasic, but not tonic, activation of LC reset hippocampal maps in the A/A condition, whereas silencing the LC with clonidine before placement in the A/B condition blocked map reset and a familiar map emerged in the dentate gyrus, proximal and distal CA1, and CA3c. However, CA3a and CA3b encoded the novel environment. These results support a role for phasic LC responses in generating novel hippocampal sequences during memory encoding and, potentially, memory updating. The silencing experiments suggest that novel environments may not be recognized as different by dentate gyrus and CA1 without LC input. The functional distinction between phasic and tonic LC activity argues that these parameters are critical for determining network changes. These data are consistent with the hippocampus activating internal network representations to encode novel experiential episodes and suggest LC input is critical for this role.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Burst activation of the broadly projecting novelty signaling system of the locus coeruleus initiates new network representations throughout the hippocampus despite unchanged external environments. Tonic activation does not alter network representations in the same condition. This suggests differences in the temporal parameters of neuromodulator network activation are critical for neuromodulator function. Silencing this novelty signaling system prevented the appearance of new network representations in a novel environment. Instead, familiar representations were expressed in a subset of hippocampal areas, with another subset encoding the novel environment. This "being in two places at once" argues for independent functional regions within the hippocampus. These experiments strengthen the view that internal states are major determinants of the brain's construction of environmental representations.
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176
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Pamphlett R, Bishop DP, Kum Jew S, Doble PA. Age-related accumulation of toxic metals in the human locus ceruleus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203627. [PMID: 30231068 PMCID: PMC6145836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the locus ceruleus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of neurological conditions. Locus ceruleus neurons accumulate toxic metals such as mercury selectively, however, the presence of toxic metals in locus ceruleus neurons of people of different ages, and with a variety of disorders, is not known. To demonstrate at what age toxic metals are first detectable in the locus ceruleus, and to evaluate whether their presence is more common in certain clinicopathological conditions, we looked for these metals in 228 locus ceruleus samples. Samples were taken at coronial autopsies from individuals with a wide range of ages, pre-existing conditions and causes of death. Paraffin sections of pons containing the locus ceruleus were stained with silver nitrate autometallography, which indicates inorganic mercury, silver and bismuth within cells (termed autometallography-detected toxic metals, or AMG™). No locus ceruleus AMG neurons were seen in 38 individuals aged under 20 years. 47% of the 190 adults (ie, aged 20 years and over) had AMG locus ceruleus neurons. The proportion of adults with locus ceruleus AMG neurons increased during aging, except for a decreased proportion in the 90-plus years age group. No differences were found in the proportions of locus ceruleus AMG neurons between groups with different neurological, psychiatric, or other clinicopathological conditions, or among various causes of death. Elemental analysis with laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to cross-validate the metals detected by AMG, by looking for silver, gold, bismuth, cadmium, chromium, iron, mercury, nickel, and lead in the locus ceruleus of ten individuals. This confirmed the presence of mercury in locus ceruleus samples containing AMG neurons, and showed cadmium, silver, lead, iron, and nickel in the locus ceruleus of some individuals. In conclusion, toxic metals stained by AMG (most likely inorganic mercury) appear in locus ceruleus neurons in early adult life. About half of adults in this study had locus ceruleus neurons containing inorganic mercury, and elemental analysis found a range of other toxic metals in the locus ceruleus. Locus ceruleus inorganic mercury increased during aging, except for a decrease in advanced age, but was not found more often in any single clinicopathological condition or cause of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Pamphlett
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David P. Bishop
- Elemental Bio-imaging Facility, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Kum Jew
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip A. Doble
- Elemental Bio-imaging Facility, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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177
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Nguyen PV, Gelinas JN. Noradrenergic gating of long-lasting synaptic potentiation in the hippocampus: from neurobiology to translational biomedicine. J Neurogenet 2018; 32:171-182. [DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2018.1497630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter V. Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Alberta School of Medicine, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jennifer N. Gelinas
- Department of Neurology and Institute for Genomic Medicine, College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY,USA
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178
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Henrich MT, Geibl FF, Lee B, Chiu WH, Koprich JB, Brotchie JM, Timmermann L, Decher N, Matschke LA, Oertel WH. A53T-α-synuclein overexpression in murine locus coeruleus induces Parkinson's disease-like pathology in neurons and glia. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:39. [PMID: 29747690 PMCID: PMC5946574 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons occurs during the prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease and contributes to a variety of non-motor symptoms, e.g. depression, anxiety and REM sleep behavior disorder. This study was designed to establish the first locus coeruleus α-synucleinopathy mouse model, which should provide sufficient information about the time-course of noradrenergic neurodegeneration, replicate cardinal histopathological features of the human Parkinson's disease neuropathology and finally lead to robust histological markers, which are sufficient to assess the pathological changes in a quantitative and qualitative way. We show that targeted viral vector-mediated overexpression of human mutant A53T-α-synuclein in vivo in locus coeruleus neurons of wild-type mice resulted in progressive noradrenergic neurodegeneration over a time frame of 9 weeks. Observed neuronal cell loss was accompanied by progressive α-synuclein phosphorylation, formation of proteinase K-resistant α-synuclein-aggregates, accumulation of Ubi-1- and p62-positive inclusions in microglia and induction of progressive micro- and astrogliosis. Apart from this local pathology, abundant α-synuclein-positive axons were found in locus coeruleus output regions, indicating rapid anterograde axonal transport of A53T-α-synuclein. Taken together, we present the first model of α-synucleinopathy in the murine locus coeruleus, replicating essential morphological features of human Parkinson's disease pathology. This new model may contribute to the research on prodromal Parkinson's disease, in respect to pathophysiology and the development of disease-modifying therapy.
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