151
|
Johnson MA, Clark JR, Wagner WL, McDade LA. A molecular phylogeny of the Pacific clade of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) reveals a Fijian origin, recent diversification, and the importance of founder events. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 116:30-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
152
|
Community assembly of coral reef fishes along the Melanesian biodiversity gradient. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186123. [PMID: 29069096 PMCID: PMC5656311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Indo-Pacific is home to Earth’s most biodiverse coral reefs. Diversity on these reefs decreases from the Coral Triangle east through the islands of Melanesia. Despite this pattern having been identified during the early 20th century, our knowledge about the interaction between pattern and process remains incomplete. To evaluate the structure of coral reef fish communities across Melanesia, we obtained distributional records for 396 reef fish species in five taxa across seven countries. We used hierarchical clustering, nestedness, and multiple linear regression analyses to evaluate the community structure. We also compiled data on life history traits (pelagic larval duration, body size and schooling behavior) to help elucidate the ecological mechanisms behind community structure. Species richness for these taxa along the gradient was significantly related to longitude but not habitat area. Communities are significantly nested, indicating that species-poor communities are largely composed of subsets of the species found on species rich reefs. These trends are robust across taxonomic groups except for the Pomacentridae, which exhibit an anti-nested pattern, perhaps due to a large number of endemic species. Correlations between life history traits and the number of reefs on which species occurred indicate that dispersal and survival ability contribute to determining community structure. We conclude that distance from the Coral Triangle dominates community structure in reef fish; however, conservation of the most species-rich areas will not be sufficient alone to conserve the vivid splendor of this region.
Collapse
|
153
|
Tethyan changes shaped aquatic diversification. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:874-896. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
154
|
Affiliation(s)
- Steven L. Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Agnarsson I, van Patten C, Sargeant L, Chomitz B, Dziki A, Binford GJ. A radiation of the ornate Caribbean ‘smiley-faced spiders’, with descriptions of 15 new species (Araneae: Theridiidae, Spintharus). Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingi Agnarsson
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th & Constitution NWWashington, DC, USA
| | - Chloe van Patten
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lily Sargeant
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Ben Chomitz
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Austin Dziki
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Greta J Binford
- Department of Biology, Lewis and Clark College, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Harrison SE, Harvey MS, Cooper SJB, Austin AD, Rix MG. Across the Indian Ocean: A remarkable example of trans-oceanic dispersal in an austral mygalomorph spider. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180139. [PMID: 28767648 PMCID: PMC5540276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Migidae are a family of austral trapdoor spiders known to show a highly restricted and disjunct distribution pattern. Here, we aim to investigate the phylogeny and historical biogeography of the group, which was previously thought to be vicariant in origin, and examine the biogeographic origins of the genus Moggridgea using a dated multi-gene phylogeny. Moggridgea specimens were sampled from southern Australia and Africa, and Bertmainus was sampled from Western Australia. Sanger sequencing methods were used to generate a robust six marker molecular dataset consisting of the nuclear genes 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA, XPNPEP3 and H3 and the mitochondrial gene COI. Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods were used to analyse the dataset, and the key dispersal nodes were dated using BEAST. Based on our data, we demonstrate that Moggridgea rainbowi from Kangaroo Island, Australia is a valid member of the otherwise African genus Moggridgea. Molecular clock dating analyses show that the inter-specific divergence of M. rainbowi from African congeners is between 2.27-16.02 million years ago (Mya). This divergence date significantly post-dates the separation of Africa from Gondwana (95 Mya) and therefore does not support a vicariant origin for Australian Moggridgea. It also pre-dates human colonisation of Kangaroo Island, a result which is further supported by the intra-specific divergence date of 1.10-6.39 Mya between separate populations on Kangaroo Island. These analyses provide strong support for the hypothesis that Moggridgea colonised Australia via long-distance trans-Indian Ocean dispersal, representing the first such documented case in a mygalomorph spider.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Harrison
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark S Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool DC, WA, Australia.,School of Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Steve J B Cooper
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew D Austin
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael G Rix
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool DC, WA, Australia.,Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Anderson AB, Salas EM, Rocha LA, Floeter SR. The recent colonization of south Brazil by the Azores chromis Chromis limbata. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 91:558-573. [PMID: 28703291 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The damselfish Chromis limbata is native to the Macaronesian Archipelagos (Azores, Madeira and Canaries) and the western coast of Africa between Senegal and Angola. During the austral summers of 2008 and 2009 the species was recorded for the first time in the south-western Atlantic Ocean around Campeche and Xavier Islands, in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Here, the progression of C. limbata in southern Brazilian waters is described using visual counts and genetic surveys and changes in the density of the native congener Chromis multilineata were also investigated. Underwater visual censuses of both Chromis species were carried out from 2009 to 2014. Chromis limbata tissue samples were collected and the mtDNA control region was sequenced and compared with mtDNA haplotypes from the natural range to confirm species identity, compare genetic diversity and to infer connectivity between newly established Brazilian populations. The Brazilian population of C. limbata increased significantly over the past 5 years and the effect on C. multilineata is still an open question, longer time-series data will be necessary to clarify possible interactions. The molecular analyses confirmed species identity, revealed strong haplotype connectivity among Brazilian study sites and showed a low genetic diversity in Brazil when compared with the native populations, suggesting few individuals started the invasion. Four hypotheses could explain this colonizing event: C. limbata was released by aquarium fish keepers; larvae or juveniles were transported via ship ballast water; the species has rafted alongside oil rigs; they crossed the Atlantic Ocean through normal larval dispersal or naturally rafting alongside drifting objects. The rafting hypotheses are favoured, but all four possibilities are plausible and could have happened in combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Anderson
- Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Lab, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88010-970, Brazil
| | - E M Salas
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, U.S.A
- California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, U.S.A
| | - L A Rocha
- California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, U.S.A
| | - S R Floeter
- Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Lab, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88010-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
|
159
|
Behavioural responses to potential dispersal cues in two economically important species of cereal-feeding eriophyid mites. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28634374 PMCID: PMC5478656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Passively dispersing organisms should optimise the time and direction of dispersal by employing behaviours that increase their probability of being successfully transported by dispersal agents. We rigorously tested whether two agriculturally important passively-dispersing eriophyoid species, wheat curl mite (WCM) and cereal rust mite (CRM), display behaviours indicating their readiness to depart from current host plants in the presence of potential dispersal cues: wind, an insect vector and presence of a fresh plant. Contrary to our expectations, we found that both species decreased their general activity in the presence of wind. When exposed to wind, WCM (but not CRM) significantly increased behaviour that has previously been considered to facilitate dispersal (in this case, standing vertically). Our study provides the first sound test of the function of what have been interpreted as dispersal-related behaviours of eriophyid mites. The low proportion of WCM exhibiting dispersal behaviour suggests there may be predisposed dispersers and residents in the population. Moreover, we found that WCM was generally more active than CRM, which is likely a contributing factor to its high invasive potential.
Collapse
|
160
|
Madagascar sheds new light on the molecular systematics and biogeography of grammitid ferns: New unexpected lineages and numerous long-distance dispersal events. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 111:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
161
|
Pérez-García N, Thorne JH, Domínguez-Lozano F. The mid-distance dispersal optimum, evidence from a mixed-model climate vulnerability analysis of an edaphic endemic shrub. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Pérez-García
- Department of Plant Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - James H. Thorne
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy; University of California, Davis; Davis CA USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
162
|
Rajakaruna H, Lewis M. Temperature cycles affect colonization potential of calanoid copepods. J Theor Biol 2017; 419:77-89. [PMID: 28188733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Marine calanoid copepods colonize new habitats, and some become invasive. Their fitness, measured by intrinsic growth rate and net reproductive rate, is partially driven by biochemical processes. Thus, it is a function of ambient temperature. Biochemical processes may not be approximated well by yearly mean temperature alone when temperature cycles yearly, largely. Higher order moments may also be important. The amplitude of yearly fluctuations of monthly and seasonal sea temperatures varies dramatically across the northern temperate regions. Thus, they can impact the fitness, thereby the colonization potential of copepods migrating across such region. To investigate this, we derive approximate metrics of periodic (yearly) fitness: the yearly intrinsic growth rate, and a weighted net reproductive rate. We use them to measure the persistence and the growth of an Allee-effect free, stage-structured, fast-maturing, small population of invasive copepods that reproduces year-round in habitats with yearly temperature cycles. We show that the yearly fitness increases substantially when a population is introduced from a habitat with large amplitude to that with small amplitude yearly fluctuating temperatures, given that their mean temperatures and other environmental and ecological factors are constant. The detected range-expansion of the modeled species matches the potential fitness gradient predicted by the metrics. The study leads to the question whether the gradient of the amplitudes of temperature between habitats with similar yearly mean temperatures impacts a class of fast-maturating calanoid copepods, colonizing new habitats, and becoming invasive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshana Rajakaruna
- Mathematical Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Japan.
| | - Mark Lewis
- Centre for Mathematical Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Chacón J, Luebert F, Weigend M. Biogeographic Events Are Not Correlated with Diaspore Dispersal Modes in Boraginaceae. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
164
|
Moon KL, Chown SL, Fraser CI. Reconsidering connectivity in the sub-Antarctic. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 92:2164-2181. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Moon
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton 3800 Australia
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; Australian National University; Acton 2601 Australia
| | - Steven L. Chown
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton 3800 Australia
| | - Ceridwen I. Fraser
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; Australian National University; Acton 2601 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Carvajal-Endara S, Hendry AP, Emery NC, Davies TJ. Habitat filtering not dispersal limitation shapes oceanic island floras: species assembly of the Galápagos archipelago. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:495-504. [PMID: 28294532 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Remote locations, such as oceanic islands, typically harbour relatively few species, some of which go on to generate endemic radiations. Species colonising these locations tend to be a non-random subset from source communities, which is thought to reflect dispersal limitation. However, non-random colonisation could also result from habitat filtering, whereby only a few continental species can become established. We evaluate the imprints of these processes on the Galápagos flora by analysing a comprehensive regional phylogeny for ~ 39 000 species alongside information on dispersal strategies and climatic suitability. We found that habitat filtering was more important than dispersal limitation in determining species composition. This finding may help explain why adaptive radiation is common on oceanic archipelagoes - because colonising species can be relatively poor dispersers with specific niche requirements. We suggest that the standard assumption that plant communities in remote locations are primarily shaped by dispersal limitation deserves reconsideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Carvajal-Endara
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Ave Docteur Penfield, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Nancy C Emery
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA
| | - T Jonathan Davies
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Ave Docteur Penfield, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Kuo LY, Chen CW, Shinohara W, Ebihara A, Kudoh H, Sato H, Huang YM, Chiou WL. Not only in the temperate zone: independent gametophytes of two vittarioid ferns (Pteridaceae, Polypodiales) in East Asian subtropics. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2017; 130:255-262. [PMID: 28012123 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Independent gametophyte ferns are unique among vascular plants because they are sporophyteless and reproduce asexually to maintain their populations in the gametophyte generation. Such ferns had been primarily discovered in temperate zone, and usually hypothesized with (sub)tropical origins and subsequent extinction of sporophyte due to climate change during glaciations. Presumably, independent fern gametophytes are unlikely to be distributed in tropics and subtropics because of relatively stable climates which are less affected by glaciations. Nonetheless, the current study presents cases of two independent gametophyte fern species in subtropic East Asia. In this study, we applied plastid DNA sequences (trnL-L-F and matK + ndhF + chlL datasets) and comprehensive sampling (~80%) of congeneric species for molecular identification and divergence time estimation of these independent fern gametophytes. The two independent gametophyte ferns were found belonging to genus Haplopteris (vittarioids, Pteridaceae) and no genetic identical sporophyte species in East Asia. For one species, divergence times between its populations imply recent oversea dispersal(s) by spores occurred during Pleistocene. By examining their ex situ and in situ fertility, prezygotic sterility was found in these two Haplopteris, in which gametangia were not or very seldom observed, and this prezygotic sterility might attribute to their lacks of functional sporophytes. Our field observation and survey on their habitats suggest microhabitat conditions might attribute to this prezygotic sterility. These findings point to consideration of whether recent climate change during the Pleistocene glaciation resulted in ecophysiological maladaptation of non-temperate independent gametophyte ferns. In addition, we provided a new definition to classify fern gametophyte independences at the population level. We expect that continued investigations into tropical and subtropical fern gametophyte floras will further illustrate the biogeographic significance of non-temperate fern gametophyte independence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yaung Kuo
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Wei Chen
- Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, 10066, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wataru Shinohara
- Faculty of Education, Kagawa University, Saiwaicho 1-1, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ebihara
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kudoh
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Sato
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Yao-Moan Huang
- Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, 10066, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Liang Chiou
- Division of Botanical Garden, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, 10066, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Dr. Cecilia Koo Botanic Conservation Center, Pingtung County, 906, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Percy DM. Making the most of your host: the Metrosideros-feeding psyllids (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) of the Hawaiian Islands. Zookeys 2017:1-163. [PMID: 28325970 PMCID: PMC5345378 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.649.10213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hawaiian psyllids (Psylloidea, Triozidae) feeding on Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) constitute a remarkable radiation of more than 35 species. This monophyletic group has diversified on a single, highly polymorphic host plant species, Metrosiderospolymorpha. Eleven Metrosideros-feeding species included in the Insects of Hawaii by Zimmerman are redescribed, and an additional 25 new species are described. Contrary to previous classifications that placed the Metrosideros-feeders in two genera, Trioza Foerster, 1848 and Kuwayama Crawford, 1911, all 36 named species are placed in Pariaconus Enderlein, 1926; and the relationship of this genus to other Pacific taxa within the family Triozidae, and other Austro-Pacific taxa feeding on host plants in Myrtaceae is clarified. The processes of diversification in Pariaconus include shifts in galling habit, geographic isolation within and between islands, and preferences for different morphotypes of the host plant. Four species groups are recognized: the bicoloratus and minutus groups are free-living or form pit galls, and together with the kamua group (composing all of the Kauai species) form a basal assemblage; the more derived closed gall species in the ohialoha group are found on all major islands except Kauai. The diversification of Pariaconus has likely occurred over several million years. Within island diversification is exemplified in the kamua group, and within species variation in the ohialoha group, but species discovery rates suggest this radiation remains undersampled. Mitochondrial DNA barcodes are provided for 28 of the 36 species. Genetic divergence, intraspecific genetic structure, and parallel evolution of different galling biologies and morphological traits are discussed within a phylogenetic framework. Outgroup analysis for the genus Pariaconus and ancestral character state reconstruction suggest pit-galling may be the ancestral state, and the closest outgroups are Palaearctic-Australasian taxa rather than other Pacific Metrosideros-feeders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Percy
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK, and University of British Columbia, Faculty of Science, University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
González-Wevar CA, Nakano T, Palma A, Poulin E. Biogeography in Cellana (Patellogastropoda, Nacellidae) with Special Emphasis on the Relationships of Southern Hemisphere Oceanic Island Species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170103. [PMID: 28099466 PMCID: PMC5242442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oceanic islands lacking connections to other land are extremely isolated from sources of potential colonists and have acquired their biota mainly through dispersal from geographically distant areas. Hence, isolated island biota constitutes interesting models to infer biogeographical mechanisms of dispersal, colonization, differentiation, and speciation. Limpets of the genus Cellana (Nacellidae: Patellogastropoda) show limited dispersal capacity but are broadly distributed across the Indo-Pacific including many endemic species in isolated oceanic islands. Here, we examined main distributional patterns and geographic boundaries among Cellana lineages with special emphasis in the relationships of Southern Hemisphere oceanic islands species. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on mtDNA (COI) recognized three main clades in Cellana including taxa from different provinces of the Indo-Pacific. Clear genetic discontinuities characterize the biogeography of Cellana and several lineages are associated to particular areas of the Indo-Pacific supporting the low dispersal capacity of the genus across recognized biogeographical barriers in the region. However, evolutionary relationships within Cellana suggest that long-distance dispersal processes have been common in the history of the genus and probably associated to the origin of the species in Hawaii and Juan Fernández Archipelago. Therefore, the presence of Cellana species in geographically distant Southern Hemisphere oceanic islands, such as the Juan Fernández Archipelago, suggests that long-distance dispersal mediated by rafting may have played an important role in the biogeography of the genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A. González-Wevar
- GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomoyuki Nakano
- Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Centre, Kyoto University, Nishimuro, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Alvaro Palma
- Universidad Gabriela Mistral, Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elie Poulin
- GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Model selection in statistical historical biogeography of Neotropical insects-The Exophthalmus genus complex (Curculionidae: Entiminae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 109:226-239. [PMID: 28057552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Statistical historical biogeographic methods rely on models that represent various biogeographic processes. Until recently model selection in this domain was not widely used, and the impact of differential model selection on inferring biogeographic scenarios was not well understood. Focusing on Neotropical weevils in the Exophthalmus genus complex (EGC) (Insecta: Curculionidae: Entiminae), we compare three commonly used biogeographic models - DIVA (Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis), DEC (Dispersal-Extinction-Cladogenesis) and BayArea (Bayesian Analysis of Biogeography), and examine the impact of modeling founder-event jump dispersal on historical biogeographic reconstructions. We also investigate the biogeographic events that have shaped patterns of distribution, diversification, and endemism in this weevil lineage. We sample representatives of 65 species of the EGC and 26 outgroup terminals from the Neotropics, including Caribbean islands and the mainland. We reconstruct a molecular phylogeny based on six genes and apply molecular dating using a relaxed clock with three fossil calibration points. Historical biogeographic estimations and alternative biogeographic models are computed and compared with the R package BioGeoBEARS. Model selection strongly favors biogeographic models that include founder-event jump dispersal. Without modeling jump dispersal, estimations based on the three biogeographic models are dramatically different, especially for early-diverging nodes. When jump dispersal is included, the three biogeographic models perform similarly. Accordingly, we show that the Neotropical mainland was colonized by Caribbean species in the early Miocene, and that in situ diversification accounts for a majority (∼75%) of the biogeographic events in the EGC. Our study highlights the need to assess wide-ranging historical biogeographic processes - including founder-event jump dispersal - for best-fitting statistical Caribbean biogeographic reconstructions. Moreover, colonization of the Neotropical mainland from the Caribbean reinforces the notion that islands can be an important source of continental diversity.
Collapse
|
170
|
Gamba D, Maguiña NR, Calderón-Acevedo CA, Torres K, Muchhala NC. Seed dispersal for the unusual inflated berries of Burmeistera(Campanulaceae). NEOTROPICAL BIODIVERSITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2016.1258868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gamba
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - N. Rossana Maguiña
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Karina Torres
- Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Nathan C. Muchhala
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Shared and unique patterns of phenotypic diversification along a stream gradient in two congeneric species. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38971. [PMID: 27982114 PMCID: PMC5159898 DOI: 10.1038/srep38971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stream ecosystems show gradual variation of various selection factors, which can result in a zonation of species distributions and gradient evolution of morphological and life-history traits within species. Identifying the selective agents underlying such phenotypic evolution is challenging as different species could show shared and/or unique (species-specific) responses to components of the river gradient. We studied a stream gradient inhabited by two mosquitofishes (genus Gambusia) in the Río Grijalva basin in southern Mexico and found a patchy distribution pattern of both congeners along a stretch of 100 km, whereby one species was usually dominant at a given site. We uncovered both shared and unique patterns of diversification: some components of the stream gradient, including differences in piscine predation pressure, drove shared patterns of phenotypic divergence, especially in females. Other components of the gradient, particularly abiotic factors (max. annual temperature and temperature range) resulted in unique patterns of divergence, especially in males. Our study highlights the complexity of selective regimes in stream ecosystems. It exemplifies that even closely related, congeneric species can respond in unique ways to the same components of the river gradient and shows how both sexes can exhibit quite different patterns of divergence in multivariate phenotypic character suites.
Collapse
|
172
|
Goodman KR, Evenhuis N, Bartošová-Sojková P, O’Grady PM. Multiple, independent colonizations of the Hawaiian Archipelago by the family Dolichopodidae (Diptera). PeerJ 2016; 4:e2704. [PMID: 27896033 PMCID: PMC5119231 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Dolichopodidae forms two of the four largest evolutionary radiations in the Hawaiian Islands across all flies: Campsicnemus (183 spp) and the Eurynogaster complex (66 spp). They also include a small radiation of Conchopus (6 spp). A handful of other dolichopodid species are native to the islands in singleton lineages or small radiations. This study provides a phylogenetic perspective on the colonization history of the dolichopodid fauna in the islands. We generated a multi-gene data set including representatives from 11 of the 14 endemic Hawaiian dolichopodid genera to examine the history of colonization to the islands, and analyzed it using Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic methods. We used a subset of the data that included Conchopus and the eight genera comprising the Eurynogaster complex to estimate the first phylogenetic hypothesis for these endemic groups, then used Beast to estimate their age of arrival to the archipelago. The Eurynogaster complex, Campsicnemus and Conchopus are clearly the result of independent colonizations. The results strongly support the Eurynogaster complex as a monophyletic group, and also supports the monophyly of 4 of the 8 described genera within the complex (Adachia, Arciellia, Uropachys and Eurynogaster). Members of the family Dolichopodidae have been dispersing over vast distances to colonize the Hawaiian Archipelago for millions of years, leading to multiple independent evolutionary diversification events. The Eurynogaster complex arrived in the Hawaiian Archipelago 11.8 Ma, well before the arrival of Campsicnemus (4.5 Ma), and the even more recent Conchopus (1.8 Ma). Data presented here demonstrate that the Hawaiian Dolichopodidae both disperse and diversify easily, a rare combination that lays the groundwork for field studies on the reproductive isolating mechanisms and ecological partitioning of this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kari Roesch Goodman
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Neal Evenhuis
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Pavla Bartošová-Sojková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Michael O’Grady
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Kuo LY, Ebihara A, Shinohara W, Rouhan G, Wood KR, Wang CN, Chiou WL. Historical biogeography of the fern genus Deparia (Athyriaceae) and its relation with polyploidy. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 104:123-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
174
|
Ceccarelli FS, Opell BD, Haddad CR, Raven RJ, Soto EM, Ramírez MJ. Around the World in Eight Million Years: Historical Biogeography and Evolution of the Spray Zone Spider Amaurobioides (Araneae: Anyphaenidae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163740. [PMID: 27732621 PMCID: PMC5061358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Closely related organisms with transoceanic distributions have long been the focus of historical biogeography, prompting the question of whether long-distance dispersal, or tectonic-driven vicariance shaped their current distribution. Regarding the Southern Hemisphere continents, this question deals with the break-up of the Gondwanan landmass, which has also affected global wind and oceanic current patterns since the Miocene. With the advent of phylogenetic node age estimation and parametric bioinformatic advances, researchers have been able to disentangle historical evolutionary processes of taxa with greater accuracy. In this study, we used the coastal spider genus Amaurobioides to investigate the historical biogeographical and evolutionary processes that shaped the modern-day distribution of species of this exceptional genus of spiders. As the only genus of the subfamily Amaurobioidinae found on three Southern Hemisphere continents, its distribution is well-suited to study in the context of Gondwanic vicariance versus long-distance, transoceanic dispersal. Ancestral species of the genus Amaurobioides appear to have undergone several long-distance dispersal events followed by successful establishments and speciation, starting from the mid-Miocene through to the Pleistocene. The most recent common ancestor of all present-day Amaurobioides species is estimated to have originated in Africa after arriving from South America during the Miocene. From Africa the subsequent dispersals are likely to have taken place predominantly in an eastward direction. The long-distance dispersal events by Amaurobioides mostly involved transoceanic crossings, which we propose occurred by rafting, aided by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the West Wind Drift.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Sara Ceccarelli
- División de Aracnología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Brent D. Opell
- Department of Biological Sciences, 1405 Perry Street, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - Charles R. Haddad
- Dept. of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Robert J. Raven
- Arachnid Collection, Terrestrial Biodiversity Group, Queensland Museum, Grey St, P. O. Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eduardo M. Soto
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II (C1428 EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín J. Ramírez
- División de Aracnología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Viana DS, Gangoso L, Bouten W, Figuerola J. Overseas seed dispersal by migratory birds. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:rspb.2015.2406. [PMID: 26740610 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-distance dispersal (LDD) promotes the colonization of isolated and remote habitats, and thus it has been proposed as a mechanism for explaining the distributions of many species. Birds are key LDD vectors for many sessile organisms such as plants, yet LDD beyond local and regional scales has never been directly observed nor quantified. By sampling birds caught while in migratory flight by GPS-tracked wild falcons, we show that migratory birds transport seeds over hundreds of kilometres and mediate dispersal from mainland to oceanic islands. Up to 1.2% of birds that reached a small island of the Canary Archipelago (Alegranza) during their migration from Europe to Sub-Saharan Africa carried seeds in their guts. The billions of birds making seasonal migrations each year may then transport millions of seeds. None of the plant species transported by the birds occurs in Alegranza and most do not occur on nearby Canary Islands, providing a direct example of the importance of environmental filters in hampering successful colonization by immigrant species. The constant propagule pressure generated by these LDD events might, nevertheless, explain the colonization of some islands. Hence, migratory birds can mediate rapid range expansion or shifts of many plant taxa and determine their distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duarte S Viana
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/ Américo Vespucio, s/n, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Laura Gangoso
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/ Américo Vespucio, s/n, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Willem Bouten
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/ Américo Vespucio, s/n, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Buschke FT, Brendonck L, Vanschoenwinkel B. Adding energy gradients and long-distance dispersal to a neutral model improves predictions of Madagascan bird diversity. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:6919-6929. [PMID: 28725369 PMCID: PMC5513242 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroecological patterns are likely the result of both stochastically neutral mechanisms and deterministic differences between species. In Madagascar, the simplest stochastically neutral hypothesis - the mid-domain effects (MDE) hypothesis - has already been rejected. However, rejecting the MDE hypothesis does not necessarily refute the existence of all other neutral mechanisms. Here, we test whether adding complexity to a basic neutral model improves predictions of biodiversity patterns. The simplest MDE model assumes that: (1) species' ranges are continuous and unfragmented, (2) are randomly located throughout the landscape, and (3) can be stacked independently and indefinitely. We designed a simulation based on neutral theory that allowed us to weaken each of these assumptions incrementally by adjusting the habitat capacity as well as the likelihood of short- and long-distance dispersal. Simulated outputs were compared to four empirical patterns of bird diversity: the frequency distributions of species richness and range size, the within-island latitudinal diversity gradient, and the distance-decay of species compositional similarity. Neutral models emulated empirical diversity patterns for Madagascan birds accurately. The frequency distribution of range size, latitudinal diversity gradient, and the distance-decay of species compositional similarity could be attributed to stochastic long-distance migration events and zero-sum population dynamics. However, heterogenous environmental gradients improved predictions of the frequency distribution of species richness. Patterns of bird diversity in Madagascar can broadly be attributed to stochastic long-distance migration events and zero-sum population dynamics. This implies that rejecting simple hypotheses, such as MDE, does not serve as evidence against stochastic processes in general. However, environmental gradients were necessary to explain patterns of species richness and deterministic differences between species are probably important for explaining the distributions of narrow-range and endemic species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falko T. Buschke
- Centre for Environmental Management (67)University of the Free StateP.O. Box 339Bloemfontein9300South Africa
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and ConservationKU LeuvenCh Deberiotstraat 323000LeuvenBelgium
| | - Luc Brendonck
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and ConservationKU LeuvenCh Deberiotstraat 323000LeuvenBelgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
177
|
González-Wevar CA, Rosenfeld S, Segovia NI, Hüne M, Gérard K, Ojeda J, Mansilla A, Brickle P, Díaz A, Poulin E. Genetics, Gene Flow, and Glaciation: The Case of the South American Limpet Nacella mytilina. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161963. [PMID: 27598461 PMCID: PMC5012656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glacial episodes of the Quaternary, and particularly the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) drastically altered the distribution of the Southern-Hemisphere biota, principally at higher latitudes. The irregular coastline of Patagonia expanding for more than 84.000 km constitutes a remarkable area to evaluate the effect of Quaternary landscape and seascape shifts over the demography of near-shore marine benthic organisms. Few studies describing the biogeographic responses of marine species to the LGM have been conducted in Patagonia, but existing data from coastal marine species have demonstrated marked genetic signatures of post-LGM recolonization and expansion. The kelp-dweller limpet Nacella mytilina is broadly distributed along the southern tip of South America and at the Falkland/Malvinas Islands. Considering its distribution, abundance, and narrow bathymetry, N. mytilina represents an appropriate model to infer how historical and contemporary processes affected the distribution of intraspecific genetic diversity and structure along the southern tip of South America. At the same time, it will be possible to determine how life history traits and the ecology of the species are responsible for the current pattern of gene flow and connectivity across the study area. We conducted phylogeographic and demographic inference analyses in N. mytilina from 12 localities along Pacific Patagonia (PP) and one population from the Falkland/Malvinas Islands (FI). Analyses of the mitochondrial gene COI in 300 individuals of N. mytilina revealed low levels of genetic polymorphism and the absence of genetic differentiation along PP. In contrast, FI showed a strong and significant differentiation from Pacific Patagonian populations. Higher levels of genetic diversity were also recorded in the FI population, together with a more expanded genealogy supporting the hypothesis of glacial persistence of the species in these islands. Haplotype genealogy, and mismatch analyses in the FI population recognized an older and more complex demographic history than in PP. Demographic reconstructions along PP suggest a post-LGM expansion process (7.5 ka), also supported by neutrality tests, mismatch distribution and maximum parsimony haplotype genealogies. Migration rate estimations showed evidence of asymmetrical gene flow from PP to FI. The absence of genetic differentiation, the presence of a single dominant haplotype, high estimated migration rates, and marked signal of recent demographic growth, support the hypothesis of rapid post-glacial expansion in N. mytilina along PP. This expansion could have been sustained by larval and rafting-mediated dispersal of adults from northernmost populations following the Cape Horn Current System. Marked genetic differentiation between PP and FI could be explained through differences in their respective glacial histories. During the LGM, Pacific Patagonia (PP) was almost fully covered by the Patagonian Ice Sheet, while sheet coverage in the FI ice was restricted to small cirques and valleys. As previously recorded in the sister-species N. magellanica, the FI rather than represent a classical glacial refugium for N. mytilina, seems to represent a sink area and/or a secondary contact zone. Accordingly, historical and contemporary processes, contrasting glacial histories between the analyzed sectors, as well as life history traits constitute the main factors explaining the current biogeographical patterns of most shallow Patagonian marine benthic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A. González-Wevar
- GAIA Antártica – Universidad de Magallanes, Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Sebastián Rosenfeld
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Nicolás I. Segovia
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mathias Hüne
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Ictiológica, Providencia – Santiago, Chile
| | - Karin Gérard
- GAIA Antártica – Universidad de Magallanes, Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Jaime Ojeda
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Andrés Mansilla
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Paul Brickle
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute (SAERI), PO Box 609, Stanley Cottage, Stanley, Falkland Islands
| | - Angie Díaz
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Elie Poulin
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Waters JM, Grosser S. Managing shifting species: Ancient DNA reveals conservation conundrums in a dynamic world. Bioessays 2016; 38:1177-1184. [PMID: 27586443 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The spread of exotic species represents a major driver of biological change across the planet. While dispersal and colonization are natural biological processes, we suggest that the failure to recognize increasing rates of human-facilitated self-introductions may represent a threat to native lineages. Notably, recent biogeographic analyses have revealed numerous cases of biological range shifts in response to anthropogenic impacts and climate change. In particular, ancient DNA analyses have revealed several cases in which lineages traditionally thought to be long-established "natives" are in fact recent colonizers. Such range expansion events have apparently occurred in response to human-mediated native biodiversity declines and ecosystem change, particularly in recently colonized, isolated ecosystems such as New Zealand. While such events can potentially boost local biodiversity, the spread of exotic lineages may also hasten the decline of indigenous species, so it is essential that conservation managers recognize these rapid biotic shifts..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie Grosser
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Downes BJ, Lancaster J, Glaister A, Bovill WD. A fresh approach reveals how dispersal shapes metacommunity structure in a human‐altered landscape. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J. Downes
- School of Geography The University of Melbourne 221 Bouverie St Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - Jill Lancaster
- School of Geography The University of Melbourne 221 Bouverie St Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - Alena Glaister
- School of Geography The University of Melbourne 221 Bouverie St Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - William D. Bovill
- School of Geography The University of Melbourne 221 Bouverie St Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Viana DS, Santamaría L, Figuerola J. Migratory Birds as Global Dispersal Vectors. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 31:763-775. [PMID: 27507683 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Propagule dispersal beyond local scales has been considered rare and unpredictable. However, for many plants, invertebrates, and microbes dispersed by birds, long-distance dispersal (LDD) might be regularly achieved when mediated by migratory movements. Because LDD operates over spatial extents spanning hundreds to thousands of kilometers, it can promote rapid range shifts and determine species distributions. We review evidence supporting this widespread LDD service and propose a conceptual framework for estimating LDD by migratory birds. Although further research and validation efforts are still needed, we show that current knowledge can be used to make more realistic estimations of LDD mediated by regular bird migrations, thus refining current predictions of its ecological and evolutionary consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duarte S Viana
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Calle Américo Vespucio, Sevilla, s/n, E-41092, Spain.
| | - Luis Santamaría
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Calle Américo Vespucio, Sevilla, s/n, E-41092, Spain
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Calle Américo Vespucio, Sevilla, s/n, E-41092, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
O’Dea A, Lessios HA, Coates AG, Eytan RI, Restrepo-Moreno SA, Cione AL, Collins LS, de Queiroz A, Farris DW, Norris RD, Stallard RF, Woodburne MO, Aguilera O, Aubry MP, Berggren WA, Budd AF, Cozzuol MA, Coppard SE, Duque-Caro H, Finnegan S, Gasparini GM, Grossman EL, Johnson KG, Keigwin LD, Knowlton N, Leigh EG, Leonard-Pingel JS, Marko PB, Pyenson ND, Rachello-Dolmen PG, Soibelzon E, Soibelzon L, Todd JA, Vermeij GJ, Jackson JBC. Formation of the Isthmus of Panama. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600883. [PMID: 27540590 PMCID: PMC4988774 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the Isthmus of Panama stands as one of the greatest natural events of the Cenozoic, driving profound biotic transformations on land and in the oceans. Some recent studies suggest that the Isthmus formed many millions of years earlier than the widely recognized age of approximately 3 million years ago (Ma), a result that if true would revolutionize our understanding of environmental, ecological, and evolutionary change across the Americas. To bring clarity to the question of when the Isthmus of Panama formed, we provide an exhaustive review and reanalysis of geological, paleontological, and molecular records. These independent lines of evidence converge upon a cohesive narrative of gradually emerging land and constricting seaways, with formation of the Isthmus of Panama sensu stricto around 2.8 Ma. The evidence used to support an older isthmus is inconclusive, and we caution against the uncritical acceptance of an isthmus before the Pliocene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron O’Dea
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Harilaos A. Lessios
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Anthony G. Coates
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Ron I. Eytan
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - Sergio A. Restrepo-Moreno
- Departamento de Geociencias y Medio Ambiente Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alberto L. Cione
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laurel S. Collins
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- Department of Earth and Environment, and Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Alan de Queiroz
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557–0314, USA
| | - David W. Farris
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | | | - Robert F. Stallard
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street (Suite E127), Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Michael O. Woodburne
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Orangel Aguilera
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Campus do Valonguinho, Outeiro São João Batista, s/n°, cep. 24020-141, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marie-Pierre Aubry
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854–8066, USA
| | - William A. Berggren
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854–8066, USA
| | - Ann F. Budd
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mario A. Cozzuol
- Laboratório de Paleozoologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, cep. 31270 010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simon E. Coppard
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, NY 13323, USA
| | - Herman Duque-Caro
- Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Seth Finnegan
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 3040 Valley Life Science Building #3140, Berkeley, CA 94720–3140, USA
| | - Germán M. Gasparini
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ethan L. Grossman
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kenneth G. Johnson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | | | - Nancy Knowlton
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Egbert G. Leigh
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Jill S. Leonard-Pingel
- Department of Geology, Washington and Lee University, 204 West Washington Street, Lexington, VA 24450, USA
| | - Peter B. Marko
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, 2538 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Nicholas D. Pyenson
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Paola G. Rachello-Dolmen
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Esteban Soibelzon
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leopoldo Soibelzon
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jonathan A. Todd
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Geerat J. Vermeij
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jeremy B. C. Jackson
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093–0244, USA
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Peris D, Langdon QK, Moriarty RV, Sylvester K, Bontrager M, Charron G, Leducq JB, Landry CR, Libkind D, Hittinger CT. Complex Ancestries of Lager-Brewing Hybrids Were Shaped by Standing Variation in the Wild Yeast Saccharomyces eubayanus. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006155. [PMID: 27385107 PMCID: PMC4934787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lager-style beers constitute the vast majority of the beer market, and yet, the genetic origin of the yeast strains that brew them has been shrouded in mystery and controversy. Unlike ale-style beers, which are generally brewed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, lagers are brewed at colder temperatures with allopolyploid hybrids of Saccharomyces eubayanus x S. cerevisiae. Since the discovery of S. eubayanus in 2011, additional strains have been isolated from South America, North America, Australasia, and Asia, but only interspecies hybrids have been isolated in Europe. Here, using genome sequence data, we examine the relationships of these wild S. eubayanus strains to each other and to domesticated lager strains. Our results support the existence of a relatively low-diversity (π = 0.00197) lineage of S. eubayanus whose distribution stretches across the Holarctic ecozone and includes wild isolates from Tibet, new wild isolates from North America, and the S. eubayanus parents of lager yeasts. This Holarctic lineage is closely related to a population with higher diversity (π = 0.00275) that has been found primarily in South America but includes some widely distributed isolates. A second diverse South American population (π = 0.00354) and two early-diverging Asian subspecies are more distantly related. We further show that no single wild strain from the Holarctic lineage is the sole closest relative of lager yeasts. Instead, different parts of the genome portray different phylogenetic signals and ancestry, likely due to outcrossing and incomplete lineage sorting. Indeed, standing genetic variation within this wild Holarctic lineage of S. eubayanus is responsible for genetic variation still segregating among modern lager-brewing hybrids. We conclude that the relationships among wild strains of S. eubayanus and their domesticated hybrids reflect complex biogeographical and genetic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Peris
- Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Quinn K. Langdon
- Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ryan V. Moriarty
- Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kayla Sylvester
- Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Martin Bontrager
- Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Guillaume Charron
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Département de Biologie, PROTEO, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Baptiste Leducq
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Département de Biologie, PROTEO, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian R. Landry
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Département de Biologie, PROTEO, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Diego Libkind
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Biotecnología y Bioinformática, Instituto Andino Patagonico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales, IPATEC (CONICET-UNComahue), Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Chris Todd Hittinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Gilroy JJ, Lockwood JL. Simple settlement decisions explain common dispersal patterns in territorial species. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:1182-90. [PMID: 27155215 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Gilroy
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich NR47TJ UK
| | - Julie L. Lockwood
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources; Rutgers University; 14 College Farm Road New Brunswick NJ 08902 USA
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Panero JL, Crozier BS. Macroevolutionary dynamics in the early diversification of Asteraceae. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 99:116-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
185
|
Bidegaray-Batista L, Sánchez-gracia A, Santulli G, Maiorano L, Guisan A, Vogler AP, Arnedo MA. Imprints of multiple glacial refugia in the Pyrenees revealed by phylogeography and palaeodistribution modelling of an endemic spider. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:2046-64. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Bidegaray-Batista
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Biologia Animal; Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Laboratorio de Etología, Ecología y Evolución; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable; Avenida Italia 3318 11600 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-gracia
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Genètica; Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Giulia Santulli
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Biologia Animal; Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Biophore Building CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies ‘Charles Darwin’; University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’; viale dell'Università 32 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Antoine Guisan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Biophore Building CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics; University of Lausanne; Geopolis Building CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Alfried P. Vogler
- Department of Life Sciences; Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; Silwood Park Campus Ascot SL5 7PY UK
| | - Miquel A. Arnedo
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Biologia Animal; Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Hoffmann BD, Courchamp F. Biological invasions and natural colonisations: are they that different? NEOBIOTA 2016. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.29.6959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
187
|
Opell BD, Helweg SG, Kiser KM. Phylogeography of Australian and New Zealand spray zone spiders (Anyphaenidae:Amaurobioides): Moa's Ark loses a few more passengers. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brent D. Opell
- Department of Biological Sciences; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Sarah G. Helweg
- Department of Biological Sciences; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Kea M. Kiser
- Department of Biological Sciences; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Huang JP. The great American biotic interchange and diversification history inDynastesbeetles (Scarabaeidae; Dynastinae). Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Pan Huang
- Museum of Zoology; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; 2089 Ruthven Museums 1109 Geddes Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109-1079 USA
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Viana DS, Santamaría L, Figuerola J. Optimal methods for fitting probability distributions to propagule retention time in studies of zoochorous dispersal. BMC Ecol 2016; 16:3. [PMID: 26830496 PMCID: PMC4736643 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-016-0057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propagule retention time is a key factor in determining propagule dispersal distance and the shape of "seed shadows". Propagules dispersed by animal vectors are either ingested and retained in the gut until defecation or attached externally to the body until detachment. Retention time is a continuous variable, but it is commonly measured at discrete time points, according to pre-established sampling time-intervals. Although parametric continuous distributions have been widely fitted to these interval-censored data, the performance of different fitting methods has not been evaluated. To investigate the performance of five different fitting methods, we fitted parametric probability distributions to typical discretized retention-time data with known distribution using as data-points either the lower, mid or upper bounds of sampling intervals, as well as the cumulative distribution of observed values (using either maximum likelihood or non-linear least squares for parameter estimation); then compared the estimated and original distributions to assess the accuracy of each method. We also assessed the robustness of these methods to variations in the sampling procedure (sample size and length of sampling time-intervals). RESULTS Fittings to the cumulative distribution performed better for all types of parametric distributions (lognormal, gamma and Weibull distributions) and were more robust to variations in sample size and sampling time-intervals. These estimated distributions had negligible deviations of up to 0.045 in cumulative probability of retention times (according to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic) in relation to original distributions from which propagule retention time was simulated, supporting the overall accuracy of this fitting method. In contrast, fitting the sampling-interval bounds resulted in greater deviations that ranged from 0.058 to 0.273 in cumulative probability of retention times, which may introduce considerable biases in parameter estimates. CONCLUSIONS We recommend the use of cumulative probability to fit parametric probability distributions to propagule retention time, specifically using maximum likelihood for parameter estimation. Furthermore, the experimental design for an optimal characterization of unimodal propagule retention time should contemplate at least 500 recovered propagules and sampling time-intervals not larger than the time peak of propagule retrieval, except in the tail of the distribution where broader sampling time-intervals may also produce accurate fits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duarte S Viana
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), C/Américo Vespucio, s/n, 41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - Luis Santamaría
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), C/Américo Vespucio, s/n, 41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), C/Américo Vespucio, s/n, 41092, Seville, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Seville, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Cantley JT, Markey AS, Swenson NG, Keeley SC. Biogeography and evolutionary diversification in one of the most widely distributed and species rich genera of the Pacific. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw043. [PMID: 27339053 PMCID: PMC4972462 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The historical biogeography of many lineages-of both terrestrial and marine ocean habitats-remains poorly investigated even though remote ocean habitat covers approximately 66% of the Earth's surface. One such lineage with poorly understood biogeographic affinities across vast ocean habitat is the genus Coprosma (Rubiaceae) with numerous species, and a widespread and disjunct distribution among the far-flung insular localities of multiple Pacific Islands. Here, the first taxonomically robust phylogeny for Coprosma s.s. was dated using molecular clock techniques and indicated Coprosma s.s. diverged from its sister genus Nertera likely during or shortly after the Oligocene Marine Transgression of New Zealand. Diversification of the five major clades identified occurred in New Zealand during the Miocene, which was then followed by multiple independent dispersals from New Zealand to various localities in many directions. The pattern of Coprosma's distribution in the Pacific appears stochastic both temporally and spatially, but evolution of an orange to red fruit colour prior to nearly all inferred dispersals hints at endozoochory by birds. The number of inferred long-distance dispersals of Coprosma s.s. (>30), and number of repeated dispersals to the same insular locality from unrelated Coprosma s.s. sublineages (>8) is perhaps the most currently known for a remote Pacific-centred genus investigated to date. A New Zealand origin for a Pacific-wide dispersal of taxa is not novel, but the manner in which the temporal and spatial distribution for Coprosma s.s. was achieved contributes to a novel understanding of the historical biogeography of widespread Pacific genera that have origins in the Southern Hemisphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Cantley
- Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Adrienne S Markey
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand Department of Parks and Wildlife Science and Conservation Division, Kensington, Western Australia 6151, Australia
| | - Nathan G Swenson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sterling C Keeley
- Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Mitochondrial introgression and complex biogeographic history of the genus Picea. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 93:63-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
192
|
Gillespie RG. Island time and the interplay between ecology and evolution in species diversification. Evol Appl 2015; 9:53-73. [PMID: 27087839 PMCID: PMC4780372 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the dynamics of biodiversity has progressed tremendously over recent years, although in two separate directions – ecological, to determine change over space at a given time, and evolutionary, to understand change over time. Integration of these approaches has remained elusive. Archipelagoes with a known geological chronology provide an opportunity to study ecological interactions over evolutionary time. Here, I focus on the Hawaiian archipelago and summarize the development of ecological and evolutionary research; I emphasize spiders because they have attributes allowing analysis of ecological affinities in concert with diversification. Within this framework, I highlight recent insights from the island chronosequence, in particular the importance of (i) selection and genetic drift in generating diversity; (ii) fusion and fission in fostering diversification; and (iii) variability upon which selection can act. Insights into biodiversity dynamics at the nexus of ecology and evolution are now achievable by integrating new tools, in particular (i) ecological metrics (interaction networks, maximum entropy inference) across the chronosequence to uncover community dynamics and (ii) genomic tools to understand contemporaneous microevolutionary change. The work can inform applications of invasion and restoration ecology by elucidating the importance of changes in abundances, interaction strengths, and rates of evolutionary response in shaping biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary G Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Esteves CF, Costa JM, Vargas P, Freitas H, Heleno RH. On the Limited Potential of Azorean Fleshy Fruits for Oceanic Dispersal. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138882. [PMID: 26465934 PMCID: PMC4605496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How plants arrived to originally sterile oceanic islands has puzzled naturalists for centuries. Dispersal syndromes (i.e., diaspore traits that promote dispersal by long-distance dispersal vectors), are generally considered to play a determinant role in assisting island colonization. However, the association between diaspore traits and the potential vectors by which diaspores are dispersed is not always obvious. Fleshy fruits, in particular, are considered to have evolved to promote the internal dispersal of seeds by frugivores (endozoochory), however some fleshy fruits can also float in saltwater, and thus be potentially transported by oceanic current (thalassochory). We performed saltwater floatation and viability experiments with fruits of the 14 European fleshy-fruited species that naturally colonized the Azores archipelago (North Atlantic Ocean). We show that only Corema album (a berry) and Juniperus oxycedrus (a fleshy cone) floated for as long as 60 days, the estimated minimum time needed to reach the Azores by oceanic currents. Regardless the floatation potential, exposure to saltwater largely reduced the viability of most seeds of the 14 species (46% of viability decline within 15 days and 77% within 60 days of immersion), including those of Corema album (61%) and Juniperus oxycedrus (83%). Floatability and viability trials suggest that while some fleshy-fruited species might have arrived to the Azores by oceanic currents, such would have required extreme meteorological events that could largely reduce the duration of the trip. Thus, the alternative hypothesis that fleshy-fruited species were mostly dependent on animal dispersers (endozoochory) to colonize these remote islands is reinforced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Franco Esteves
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Miguel Costa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (CSIC-RJB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Freitas
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ruben Huttel Heleno
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
Weeks BC, Claramunt S. Dispersal has inhibited avian diversification in Australasian archipelagoes. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:20141257. [PMID: 25100701 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Different models of speciation predict contrasting patterns in the relationship between the dispersal ability of lineages and their diversification rates. This relationship is expected to be negative in isolation-limited models and positive in founder-event models. In addition, the combination of negative and positive effects of dispersal on speciation can result in higher diversification rates at intermediate levels of dispersal ability. Using molecular phylogenies to estimate diversification rates, and wing morphology to estimate dispersal ability, we analysed the influence of dispersal on diversification in the avifauna of Australasian archipelagoes. Contrary to expectations given the fragmented nature of island systems, the relationship between dispersal ability and diversification rate was monotonically negative. While multiple mechanisms could generate this pattern, they all share a phase of range expansion that is decoupled from speciation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Weeks
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, 79th Street at Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Santiago Claramunt
- Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, 79th Street at Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USA
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Carvalho JC, Cardoso P, Rigal F, Triantis KA, Borges PAV. Modeling directional spatio-temporal processes in island biogeography. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:4671-82. [PMID: 26668731 PMCID: PMC4670066 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A key challenge in island biogeography is to quantity the role of dispersal in shaping biodiversity patterns among the islands of a given archipelago. Here, we propose such a framework. Dispersal within oceanic archipelagos may be conceptualized as a spatio‐temporal process dependent on: (1) the spatial distribution of islands, because the probability of successful dispersal is inversely related to the spatial distance between islands and (2) the chronological sequence of island formation that determines the directional asymmetry of dispersal (hypothesized to be predominantly from older to younger islands). From these premises, directional network models may be constructed, representing putative connections among islands. These models may be translated to eigenfunctions in order to be incorporated into statistical analysis. The framework was tested with 12 datasets from the Hawaii, Azores, and Canaries. The explanatory power of directional network models for explaining species composition patterns, assessed by the Jaccard dissimilarity index, was compared with simpler time‐isolation models. The amount of variation explained by the network models ranged from 5.5% (for Coleoptera in Hawaii) to 60.2% (for Pteridophytes in Canary Islands). In relation to the four studied taxa, the variation explained by network models was higher for Pteridophytes in the three archipelagos. By the contrary, small fractions of explained variation were observed for Coleoptera (5.5%) and Araneae (8.6%) in Hawaii. Time‐isolation models were, in general, not statistical significant and explained less variation than the equivalent directional network models for all the datasets. Directional network models provide a way for evaluating the spatio‐temporal signature of species dispersal. The method allows building scenarios against which hypotheses about dispersal within archipelagos may be tested. The new framework may help to uncover the pathways via which species have colonized the islands of a given archipelago and to understand the origins of insular biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José C Carvalho
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo Açores Portugal ; Department of Biology CBMA - Centre for Molecular and Environmental Biology University of Minho 4710-087 Braga Portugal
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo Açores Portugal ; Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki P.O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - François Rigal
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo Açores Portugal
| | - Kostas A Triantis
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo Açores Portugal ; Department of Ecology and Taxonomy Faculty of Biology National and Kapodistrian University Athens GR-15784 Greece ; Conservation Biogeography and Macroecology Programme School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford, South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QY UK
| | - Paulo A V Borges
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo Açores Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Leppard TP. Passive Dispersal versus Strategic Dispersal in Island Colonization by Hominins. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1086/682325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
197
|
Weigelt P, Kissling WD, Kisel Y, Fritz SA, Karger DN, Kessler M, Lehtonen S, Svenning JC, Kreft H. Global patterns and drivers of phylogenetic structure in island floras. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26198002 PMCID: PMC4510489 DOI: 10.1038/srep12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Islands are ideal for investigating processes that shape species assemblages because they are isolated and have discrete boundaries. Quantifying phylogenetic assemblage structure allows inferences about these processes, in particular dispersal, environmental filtering and in-situ speciation. Here, we link phylogenetic assemblage structure to island characteristics across 393 islands worldwide and 37,041 vascular plant species (representing angiosperms overall, palms and ferns). Physical and bioclimatic factors, especially those impeding colonization and promoting speciation, explained more variation in phylogenetic structure of angiosperms overall (49%) and palms (52%) than of ferns (18%). The relationships showed different or contrasting trends among these major plant groups, consistent with their dispersal- and speciation-related traits and climatic adaptations. Phylogenetic diversity was negatively related to isolation for palms, but unexpectedly it was positively related to isolation for angiosperms overall. This indicates strong dispersal filtering for the predominantly large-seeded, animal-dispersed palm family whereas colonization from biogeographically distinct source pools on remote islands likely drives the phylogenetic structure of angiosperm floras. We show that signatures of dispersal limitation, environmental filtering and in-situ speciation differ markedly among taxonomic groups on islands, which sheds light on the origin of insular plant diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Weigelt
- 1] Biodiversity, Macroecology &Conservation Biogeography Group, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany [2] Systemic Conservation Biology, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - W Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yael Kisel
- Biodiversity, Macroecology &Conservation Biogeography Group, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susanne A Fritz
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) &Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dirk Nikolaus Karger
- 1] Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland [2] Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Michael Kessler
- Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuli Lehtonen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics &Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology &Conservation Biogeography Group, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Medeiros MJ, Goldberg I, Gillespie RG. Geographic exploration within a highly niche-conserved moth in the Hawaiian archipelago. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Medeiros
- Urban School of San Francisco; San Francisco CA 94117 USA
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | | | - Rosemary G. Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Zahniser JN, Dietrich CH. Phylogeny, evolution, and historical biogeography of the grassland leafhopper tribe Chiasmini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae). Zool J Linn Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James N Zahniser
- Illinois Natural History Survey; Prairie Research Institute; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 1816 S. Oak St. Champaign IL 61820 USA
| | - Christopher H Dietrich
- Illinois Natural History Survey; Prairie Research Institute; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 1816 S. Oak St. Champaign IL 61820 USA
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Moon KL, Banks SC, Fraser CI. Phylogeographic Structure in Penguin Ticks across an Ocean Basin Indicates Allopatric Divergence and Rare Trans-Oceanic Dispersal. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128514. [PMID: 26083353 PMCID: PMC4471196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of ticks (Acarina) and seabirds provides an intriguing system for assessing the influence of long-distance dispersal on the evolution of parasitic species. Recent research has focused on host-parasite evolutionary relationships and dispersal capacity of ticks parasitising flighted seabirds. Evolutionary research on the ticks of non-flighted seabirds is, in contrast, scarce. We conducted the first phylogeographic investigation of a hard tick species (Ixodes eudyptidis) that parasitises the Little Blue Penguin (Eudyptula minor). Using one nuclear (28S) and two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) markers, we assessed genetic diversity among several populations in Australia and a single population on the South Island of New Zealand. Our results reveal two deeply divergent lineages, possibly representing different species: one comprising all New Zealand samples and some from Australia, and the other representing all other samples from Australian sites. No significant population differentiation was observed among any Australian sites from within each major clade, even those separated by hundreds of kilometres of coastline. In contrast, the New Zealand population was significantly different to all samples from Australia. Our phylogenetic results suggest that the New Zealand and Australian populations are effectively isolated from each other; although rare long-distance dispersal events must occur, these are insufficient to maintain trans-Tasman gene flow. Despite the evidence for limited dispersal of penguin ticks between Australia and New Zealand, we found no evidence to suggest that ticks are unable to disperse shorter distances at sea with their hosts, with no pattern of population differentiation found among Australian sites. Our results suggest that terrestrial seabird parasites may be quite capable of short-distance movements, but only sporadic longer-distance (trans-oceanic) dispersal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Moon
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sam C Banks
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ceridwen I Fraser
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|