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Lee CF, Chavez JD, Garcia-Menendez L, Choi Y, Roe ND, Chiao YA, Edgar JS, Goo YA, Goodlett DR, Bruce JE, Tian R. Normalization of NAD+ Redox Balance as a Therapy for Heart Failure. Circulation 2016; 134:883-94. [PMID: 27489254 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.022495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairments of mitochondrial function in the heart are linked intricately to the development of heart failure, but there is no therapy for mitochondrial dysfunction. METHODS We assessed the reduced/oxidized ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD(+) ratio) and protein acetylation in the failing heart. Proteome and acetylome analyses were followed by docking calculation, mutagenesis, and mitochondrial calcium uptake assays to determine the functional role of specific acetylation sites. The therapeutic effects of normalizing mitochondrial protein acetylation by expanding the NAD(+) pool also were tested. RESULTS Increased NADH/NAD(+) and protein hyperacetylation, previously observed in genetic models of defective mitochondrial function, also are present in human failing hearts as well as in mouse hearts with pathologic hypertrophy. Elevation of NAD(+) levels by stimulating the NAD(+) salvage pathway suppressed mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation and cardiac hypertrophy, and improved cardiac function in responses to stresses. Acetylome analysis identified a subpopulation of mitochondrial proteins that was sensitive to changes in the NADH/NAD(+) ratio. Hyperacetylation of mitochondrial malate-aspartate shuttle proteins impaired the transport and oxidation of cytosolic NADH in the mitochondria, resulting in altered cytosolic redox state and energy deficiency. Furthermore, acetylation of oligomycin-sensitive conferring protein at lysine-70 in adenosine triphosphate synthase complex promoted its interaction with cyclophilin D, and sensitized the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Both could be alleviated by normalizing the NAD(+) redox balance either genetically or pharmacologically. CONCLUSIONS We show that mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation due to NAD(+) redox imbalance contributes to the pathologic remodeling of the heart via 2 distinct mechanisms. Our preclinical data demonstrate a clear benefit of normalizing NADH/NAD(+) imbalance in the failing hearts. These findings have a high translational potential as the pharmacologic strategy of increasing NAD(+) precursors are feasible in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Fung Lee
- From Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (C.F.L., L.G.-M., Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (C.F.L., L.G.-M, Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Genome Sciences (J.D.C., J.E.B.), Department of Pathology (Y.A.C.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.E., Y.A.G., D.R.G.), University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Juan D Chavez
- From Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (C.F.L., L.G.-M., Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (C.F.L., L.G.-M, Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Genome Sciences (J.D.C., J.E.B.), Department of Pathology (Y.A.C.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.E., Y.A.G., D.R.G.), University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Lorena Garcia-Menendez
- From Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (C.F.L., L.G.-M., Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (C.F.L., L.G.-M, Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Genome Sciences (J.D.C., J.E.B.), Department of Pathology (Y.A.C.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.E., Y.A.G., D.R.G.), University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Yongseon Choi
- From Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (C.F.L., L.G.-M., Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (C.F.L., L.G.-M, Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Genome Sciences (J.D.C., J.E.B.), Department of Pathology (Y.A.C.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.E., Y.A.G., D.R.G.), University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Nathan D Roe
- From Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (C.F.L., L.G.-M., Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (C.F.L., L.G.-M, Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Genome Sciences (J.D.C., J.E.B.), Department of Pathology (Y.A.C.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.E., Y.A.G., D.R.G.), University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ying Ann Chiao
- From Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (C.F.L., L.G.-M., Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (C.F.L., L.G.-M, Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Genome Sciences (J.D.C., J.E.B.), Department of Pathology (Y.A.C.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.E., Y.A.G., D.R.G.), University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - John S Edgar
- From Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (C.F.L., L.G.-M., Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (C.F.L., L.G.-M, Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Genome Sciences (J.D.C., J.E.B.), Department of Pathology (Y.A.C.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.E., Y.A.G., D.R.G.), University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Young Ah Goo
- From Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (C.F.L., L.G.-M., Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (C.F.L., L.G.-M, Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Genome Sciences (J.D.C., J.E.B.), Department of Pathology (Y.A.C.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.E., Y.A.G., D.R.G.), University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - David R Goodlett
- From Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (C.F.L., L.G.-M., Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (C.F.L., L.G.-M, Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Genome Sciences (J.D.C., J.E.B.), Department of Pathology (Y.A.C.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.E., Y.A.G., D.R.G.), University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - James E Bruce
- From Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (C.F.L., L.G.-M., Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (C.F.L., L.G.-M, Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Genome Sciences (J.D.C., J.E.B.), Department of Pathology (Y.A.C.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.E., Y.A.G., D.R.G.), University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Rong Tian
- From Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (C.F.L., L.G.-M., Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (C.F.L., L.G.-M, Y.C., N.D.R., R.T.), Department of Genome Sciences (J.D.C., J.E.B.), Department of Pathology (Y.A.C.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.S.E., Y.A.G., D.R.G.), University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
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152
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Hypertrophy induced KIF5B controls mitochondrial localization and function in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 97:70-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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153
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Liao Y, Castello A, Fischer B, Leicht S, Föehr S, Frese CK, Ragan C, Kurscheid S, Pagler E, Yang H, Krijgsveld J, Hentze MW, Preiss T. The Cardiomyocyte RNA-Binding Proteome: Links to Intermediary Metabolism and Heart Disease. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1456-1469. [PMID: 27452465 PMCID: PMC4977271 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA functions through the dynamic formation of complexes with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in all clades of life. We determined the RBP repertoire of beating cardiomyocytic HL-1 cells by jointly employing two in vivo proteomic methods, mRNA interactome capture and RBDmap. Together, these yielded 1,148 RBPs, 391 of which are shared with all other available mammalian RBP repertoires, while 393 are thus far unique to cardiomyocytes. RBDmap further identified 568 regions of RNA contact within 368 RBPs. The cardiomyocyte mRNA interactome composition reflects their unique biology. Proteins with roles in cardiovascular physiology or disease, mitochondrial function, and intermediary metabolism are all highly represented. Notably, we identified 73 metabolic enzymes as RBPs. RNA-enzyme contacts frequently involve Rossmann fold domains with examples in evidence of both, mutual exclusivity of, or compatibility between RNA binding and enzymatic function. Our findings raise the prospect of previously hidden RNA-mediated regulatory interactions among cardiomyocyte gene expression, physiology, and metabolism. mRNA interactome capture and RBDmap reveal the cardiomyocyte RNA-binding proteome 1,148 RBPs are identified, 393 of which are thus far unique to cardiomyocytes Many cardiac RBPs have links to heart disease and mitochondrial metabolism Contacts of metabolic enzymes with RNA frequently involve Rossmann fold domains
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Liao
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), The Australian National University, Acton (Canberra) ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Alfredo Castello
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Fischer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Leicht
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Föehr
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian K Frese
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chikako Ragan
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), The Australian National University, Acton (Canberra) ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sebastian Kurscheid
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), The Australian National University, Acton (Canberra) ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Eloisa Pagler
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), The Australian National University, Acton (Canberra) ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hao Yang
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), The Australian National University, Acton (Canberra) ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Hentze
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Preiss
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), The Australian National University, Acton (Canberra) ACT 2601, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (Sydney), NSW 2010, Australia.
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154
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Riley JS, Tait SW. Mechanisms of mitophagy: putting the powerhouse into the doghouse. Biol Chem 2016; 397:617-35. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Since entering our cells in an endosymbiotic event one billion years ago, mitochondria have shaped roles for themselves in metabolism, inflammation, calcium storage, migration, and cell death. Given this critical role in cellular homeostasis it is essential that they function correctly. Equally critical is the ability of a cell to remove damaged or superfluous mitochondria to avoid potential deleterious effects. In this review we will discuss the various mechanisms of mitochondrial clearance, with a particular focus on Parkin/PINK1-mediated mitophagy, discuss the impact of altered mitophagy in ageing and disease, and finally consider potential therapeutic benefits of targeting mitophagy.
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155
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Annibal A, Riemer T, Jovanovic O, Westphal D, Griesser E, Pohl EE, Schiller J, Hoffmann R, Fedorova M. Structural, biological and biophysical properties of glycated and glycoxidized phosphatidylethanolamines. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 95:293-307. [PMID: 27012418 PMCID: PMC5937679 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycation and glycoxidation of proteins and peptides have been intensively studied and are considered as reliable diagnostic biomarkers of hyperglycemia and early stages of type II diabetes. However, glucose can also react with primary amino groups present in other cellular components, such as aminophospholipids (aminoPLs). Although it is proposed that glycated aminoPLs can induce many cellular responses and contribute to the development and progression of diabetes, the routes of their formation and their biological roles are only partially revealed. The same is true for the influence of glucose-derived modifications on the biophysical properties of PLs. Here we studied structural, signaling, and biophysical properties of glycated and glycoxidized phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs). By combining high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy it was possible to deduce the structures of several intermediates indicating an oxidative cleavage of the Amadori product yielding glycoxidized PEs including advanced glycation end products, such as carboxyethyl- and carboxymethyl-ethanolamines. The pro-oxidative role of glycated PEs was demonstrated and further associated with several cellular responses including activation of NFκB signaling pathways. Label free proteomics indicated significant alterations in proteins regulating cellular metabolisms. Finally, the biophysical properties of PL membranes changed significantly upon PE glycation, such as melting temperature (Tm), membrane surface charge, and ion transport across the phospholipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Annibal
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universität Leipzig, Germany; LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Riemer
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olga Jovanovic
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Dennis Westphal
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eva Griesser
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena E Pohl
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universität Leipzig, Germany; LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Germany; LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Germany.
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156
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Flavonoids Extraction from Propolis Attenuates Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy through PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:6281376. [PMID: 27213000 PMCID: PMC4860246 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6281376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Propolis, a traditional medicine, has been widely used for a thousand years as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drug. The flavonoid fraction is the main active component of propolis, which possesses a wide range of biological activities, including activities related to heart disease. However, the role of the flavonoids extraction from propolis (FP) in heart disease remains unknown. This study shows that FP could attenuate ISO-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy (PCH) and heart failure in mice. The effect of the two fetal cardiac genes, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), on PCH was reversed by FP. Echocardiography analysis revealed cardiac ventricular dilation and contractile dysfunction in ISO-treated mice. This finding is consistent with the increased heart weight and cardiac ANF protein levels, massive replacement fibrosis, and myocardial apoptosis. However, pretreatment of mice with FP could attenuate cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy in vivo. Furthermore, the cardiac protection of FP was suppressed by the pan-PI3K inhibitor wortmannin. FP is a novel cardioprotective agent that can attenuate adverse cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and associated disorder, such as fibrosis. The effects may be closely correlated with PI3K/AKT signaling. FP may be clinically used to inhibit PCH progression and heart failure.
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157
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Richards M, Lomas O, Jalink K, Ford KL, Vaughan-Jones RD, Lefkimmiatis K, Swietach P. Intracellular tortuosity underlies slow cAMP diffusion in adult ventricular myocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:395-407. [PMID: 27089919 PMCID: PMC4872880 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims 3′,5′-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signals in the heart are often confined to concentration microdomains shaped by cAMP diffusion and enzymatic degradation. While the importance of phosphodiesterases (degradative enzymes) in sculpting cAMP microdomains is well established in cardiomyocytes, less is known about cAMP diffusivity (DcAMP) and factors affecting it. Many earlier studies have reported fast diffusivity, which argues against sharply defined microdomains. Methods and results [cAMP] dynamics in the cytoplasm of adult rat ventricular myocytes were imaged using a fourth generation genetically encoded FRET-based sensor. The [cAMP]-response to the addition and removal of isoproterenol (β-adrenoceptor agonist) quantified the rates of cAMP synthesis and degradation. To obtain a read out of DcAMP, a stable [cAMP] gradient was generated using a microfluidic device which delivered agonist to one half of the myocyte only. After accounting for phosphodiesterase activity, DcAMP was calculated to be 32 µm2/s; an order of magnitude lower than in water. Diffusivity was independent of the amount of cAMP produced. Saturating cAMP-binding sites with the analogue 6-Bnz-cAMP did not accelerate DcAMP, arguing against a role of buffering in restricting cAMP mobility. cAMP diffused at a comparable rate to chemically unrelated but similar sized molecules, arguing for a common physical cause of restricted diffusivity. Lower mitochondrial density and order in neonatal cardiac myocytes allowed for faster diffusion, demonstrating the importance of mitochondria as physical barriers to cAMP mobility. Conclusion In adult cardiac myocytes, tortuosity due to physical barriers, notably mitochondria, restricts cAMP diffusion to levels that are more compatible with microdomain signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Richards
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Oliver Lomas
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Kees Jalink
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kerrie L Ford
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Richard D Vaughan-Jones
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Konstantinos Lefkimmiatis
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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158
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Massengill MT, Ashraf HM, Chowdhury RR, Chrzanowski SM, Kar J, Warren SA, Walter GA, Zeng H, Kang BH, Anderson RH, Moss RL, Kasahara H. Acute heart failure with cardiomyocyte atrophy induced in adult mice by ablation of cardiac myosin light chain kinase. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 111:34-43. [PMID: 27025239 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Under pressure overload, initial adaptive hypertrophy of the heart is followed by cardiomyocyte elongation, reduced contractile force, and failure. The mechanisms governing the transition to failure are not fully understood. Pressure overload reduced cardiac myosin light chain kinase (cMLCK) by ∼80% within 1 week and persists. Knockdown of cMLCK in cardiomyocytes resulted in reduced cardiac contractility and sarcomere disorganization. Thus, we hypothesized that acute reduction of cMLCK may be causative for reduced contractility and cardiomyocyte remodelling during the transition from compensated to decompensated cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS To mimic acute cMLCK reduction in adult hearts, the floxed-Mylk3 gene that encodes cMLCK was inducibly ablated in Mylk3(flox/flox)/merCremer mice (Mylk3-KO), and compared with two control mice (Mylk3(flox/flox) and Mylk3(+/+)/merCremer) following tamoxifen injection (50 mg/kg/day, 2 consecutive days). In Mylk3-KO mice, reduction of cMLCK protein was evident by 4 days, with a decline to below the level of detection by 6 days. By 7 days, these mice exhibited heart failure, with reduction of fractional shortening compared with those in two control groups (19.8 vs. 28.0% and 27.7%). Severely convoluted cardiomyocytes with sarcomeric disorganization, wavy fibres, and cell death were demonstrated in Mylk3-KO mice. The cardiomyocytes were also unable to thicken adaptively to pressure overload. CONCLUSION Our results, using a new mouse model mimicking an acute reduction of cMLCK, suggest that cMLCK plays a pivotal role in the transition from compensated to decompensated hypertrophy via sarcomeric disorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Massengill
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, M543, Gainesville, FL 32610-0274, USA
| | - Hassan M Ashraf
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, M543, Gainesville, FL 32610-0274, USA
| | - Rajib R Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, M543, Gainesville, FL 32610-0274, USA
| | - Stephen M Chrzanowski
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, M543, Gainesville, FL 32610-0274, USA
| | - Jeena Kar
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, M543, Gainesville, FL 32610-0274, USA
| | - Sonisha A Warren
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, M543, Gainesville, FL 32610-0274, USA
| | - Glenn A Walter
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, M543, Gainesville, FL 32610-0274, USA
| | - Huadong Zeng
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Facility, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Byung-Ho Kang
- Electron Microscopy and Bio-imaging Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Richard L Moss
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hideko Kasahara
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, M543, Gainesville, FL 32610-0274, USA
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Taegtmeyer H, Young ME, Lopaschuk GD, Abel ED, Brunengraber H, Darley-Usmar V, Des Rosiers C, Gerszten R, Glatz JF, Griffin JL, Gropler RJ, Holzhuetter HG, Kizer JR, Lewandowski ED, Malloy CR, Neubauer S, Peterson LR, Portman MA, Recchia FA, Van Eyk JE, Wang TJ. Assessing Cardiac Metabolism: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res 2016; 118:1659-701. [PMID: 27012580 DOI: 10.1161/res.0000000000000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In a complex system of interrelated reactions, the heart converts chemical energy to mechanical energy. Energy transfer is achieved through coordinated activation of enzymes, ion channels, and contractile elements, as well as structural and membrane proteins. The heart's needs for energy are difficult to overestimate. At a time when the cardiovascular research community is discovering a plethora of new molecular methods to assess cardiac metabolism, the methods remain scattered in the literature. The present statement on "Assessing Cardiac Metabolism" seeks to provide a collective and curated resource on methods and models used to investigate established and emerging aspects of cardiac metabolism. Some of those methods are refinements of classic biochemical tools, whereas most others are recent additions from the powerful tools of molecular biology. The aim of this statement is to be useful to many and to do justice to a dynamic field of great complexity.
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160
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Jahng JWS, Song E, Sweeney G. Crosstalk between the heart and peripheral organs in heart failure. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e217. [PMID: 26964833 PMCID: PMC4892881 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediators from peripheral tissues can influence the development and progression of heart failure (HF). For example, in obesity, an altered profile of adipokines secreted from adipose tissue increases the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI). Less appreciated is that heart remodeling releases cardiokines, which can strongly impact various peripheral tissues. Inflammation, and, in particular, activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors with pyrin domain (NLRP3) inflammasome are likely to have a central role in cardiac remodeling and mediating crosstalk with other organs. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in response to cardiac injury induces the production and secretion of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. In addition to having local effects in the myocardium, these pro-inflammatory cytokines are released into circulation and cause remodeling in the spleen, kidney, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. The collective effects of various cardiokines on peripheral organs depend on the degree and duration of myocardial injury, with systematic inflammation and peripheral tissue damage observed as HF progresses. In this article, we review mechanisms regulating myocardial inflammation in HF and the role of factors secreted by the heart in communication with peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erfei Song
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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161
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Pisano A, Cerbelli B, Perli E, Pelullo M, Bargelli V, Preziuso C, Mancini M, He L, Bates MGD, Lucena JR, Della Monica PL, Familiari G, Petrozza V, Nediani C, Taylor RW, d'Amati G, Giordano C. Impaired mitochondrial biogenesis is a common feature to myocardial hypertrophy and end-stage ischemic heart failure. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016; 25:103-12. [PMID: 26764143 PMCID: PMC4758811 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial (mt) DNA depletion and oxidative mtDNA damage have been implicated in the process of pathological cardiac remodeling. Whether these features are present in the early phase of maladaptive cardiac remodeling, that is, during compensated cardiac hypertrophy, is still unknown. We compared the morphologic and molecular features of mt biogenesis and markers of oxidative stress in human heart from adult subjects with compensated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. We have shown that mtDNA depletion is a constant feature of both conditions. A quantitative loss of mtDNA content was associated with significant down-regulation of selected modulators of mt biogenesis and decreased expression of proteins involved in mtDNA maintenance. Interestingly, mtDNA depletion characterized also the end-stage phase of cardiomyopathies due to a primary mtDNA defect. Oxidative stress damage was detected only in failing myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalinda Pisano
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruna Cerbelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Perli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pelullo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Bargelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni, 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Carmela Preziuso
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mancini
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Langping He
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew G D Bates
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Joaquin R Lucena
- Forensic Pathology Service, Institute of Legal Medicine, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Department of Human Anatomic, Histologic, Forensic and Locomotor Apparatus Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Petrozza
- Department of Biotechnologies and medical and Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Nediani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni, 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Giulia d'Amati
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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162
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Kim EH, Galchev VI, Kim JY, Misek SA, Stevenson TK, Campbell MD, Pagani FD, Day SM, Johnson TC, Washburn JG, Vikstrom KL, Michele DE, Misek DE, Westfall MV. Differential protein expression and basal lamina remodeling in human heart failure. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:585-96. [PMID: 26756417 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A goal of this study was to identify and investigate previously unrecognized components of the remodeling process in the progression to heart failure by comparing protein expression in ischemic failing (F) and nonfailing (NF) human hearts. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Protein expression differences were investigated using multidimensional protein identification and validated by Western analysis. This approach detected basal lamina (BL) remodeling, and further studies analyzed samples for evidence of structural BL remodeling. A rat model of pressure overload (PO) was studied to determine whether nonischemic stressors also produce BL remodeling and impact cellular adhesion. RESULTS Differential protein expression of collagen IV, laminin α2, and nidogen-1 indicated BL remodeling develops in F versus NF hearts Periodic disruption of cardiac myocyte BL accompanied this process in F, but not NF heart. The rat PO myocardium also developed BL remodeling and compromised myocyte adhesion compared to sham controls. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Differential protein expression and evidence of structural and functional BL alterations develop during heart failure. The compromised adhesion associated with this remodeling indicates a high potential for dysfunctional cellular integrity and tethering in failing myocytes. Therapeutically targeting BL remodeling could slow or prevent the progression of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn H Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Sean A Misek
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tamara K Stevenson
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthew D Campbell
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Francis D Pagani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sharlene M Day
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - T Craig Johnson
- DNA Sequencing and Microarray Facility, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joseph G Washburn
- DNA Sequencing and Microarray Facility, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen L Vikstrom
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel E Michele
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David E Misek
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Margaret V Westfall
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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163
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Abstract
The consumption of ethanol can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on the function of the heart and cardiovascular system, depending on the amount consumed. Low-to-moderate amounts of ethanol intake are associated with improvements in cardiac function and vascular health. On the other hand, ethanol chronically consumed in large amounts acts as a toxin to the heart and vasculature. The cardiac injury produced by chronic alcohol abuse can progress to heart failure and eventual death. Furthermore, alcohol abuse may exacerbate preexisting heart conditions, such as hypertension and cardiomyopathy. This article focuses on the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of both the beneficial and detrimental cardiac effects of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Gardner
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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164
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Wang C, Li X, Shen C, Ma L, Dong Z, Zhu H, Wang P, Ge J, Sun A. SPECT imaging of cytochrome c in pressure overload mice hearts. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18224k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically, pressure overload (PO) occurs in many clinical settings such as hypertension and valvular stenosis especially in the current aging society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Zhongshan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- PR China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Changhai Hospital
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- PR China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Zhongshan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- PR China
| | - Leilei Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Zhongshan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- PR China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Zhongshan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- PR China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Zhongshan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Zhongshan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- PR China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Zhongshan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- PR China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Zhongshan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- PR China
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165
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Berthiaume J, Kirk J, Ranek M, Lyon R, Sheikh F, Jensen B, Hoit B, Butany J, Tolend M, Rao V, Willis M. Pathophysiology of Heart Failure and an Overview of Therapies. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420219-1.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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166
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Miragoli M, Sanchez-Alonso JL, Bhargava A, Wright PT, Sikkel M, Schobesberger S, Diakonov I, Novak P, Castaldi A, Cattaneo P, Lyon AR, Lab MJ, Gorelik J. Microtubule-Dependent Mitochondria Alignment Regulates Calcium Release in Response to Nanomechanical Stimulus in Heart Myocytes. Cell Rep 2015; 14:140-151. [PMID: 26725114 PMCID: PMC4983655 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenesis during heart failure is a major clinical problem. Regional electrical gradients produce arrhythmias, and cellular ionic transmembrane gradients are its originators. We investigated whether the nanoscale mechanosensitive properties of cardiomyocytes from failing hearts have a bearing upon the initiation of abnormal electrical activity. Hydrojets through a nanopipette indent specific locations on the sarcolemma and initiate intracellular calcium release in both healthy and heart failure cardiomyocytes, as well as in human failing cardiomyocytes. In healthy cells, calcium is locally confined, whereas in failing cardiomyocytes, calcium propagates. Heart failure progressively stiffens the membrane and displaces sub-sarcolemmal mitochondria. Colchicine in healthy cells mimics the failing condition by stiffening the cells, disrupting microtubules, shifting mitochondria, and causing calcium release. Uncoupling the mitochondrial proton gradient abolished calcium initiation in both failing and colchicine-treated cells. We propose the disruption of microtubule-dependent mitochondrial mechanosensor microdomains as a mechanism for abnormal calcium release in failing heart. Nanomechanical pressure application changes mechanosensitivity in failing heart cells Microtubular network disorganization mediates the change in mechanosensitivity Mitochondria are displaced from their original location and trigger calcium release Uncoupling the mitochondrial proton gradient completely abolishes the phenomena
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Miragoli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20090 Milan, Italy; Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, INAIL exISPESL, University of Parma, via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Jose L Sanchez-Alonso
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anamika Bhargava
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Ordnance Factory Estate, Yeddumailaram, 502205 Telangana, India
| | - Peter T Wright
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Markus Sikkel
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sophie Schobesberger
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ivan Diakonov
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pavel Novak
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Alessandra Castaldi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Cattaneo
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander R Lyon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW36NP, UK
| | - Max J Lab
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Julia Gorelik
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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167
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Shen DF, Wu QQ, Ni J, Deng W, Wei C, Jia ZH, Zhou H, Zhou MQ, Bian ZY, Tang QZ. Shensongyangxin protects against pressure overload‑induced cardiac hypertrophy. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:980-8. [PMID: 26648261 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Shensongyangxin (SSYX) is a medicinal herb, which has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine. Various pharmacological activities of SSYX have been identified. However, the role of SSYX in cardiac hypertrophy remains to be fully elucidated. In present study, aortic banding (AB) was performed to induce cardiac hypertrophy in mice. SSYX (520 mg/kg) was administered by daily gavage between 1 and 8 weeks following surgery. The extent of cardiac hypertrophy was then evaluated by pathological and molecular analyses of heart tissue samples. In addition, in vitro experiments were performed to confirm the in vivo results. The data of the present study demonstrated that SSYX prevented the cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis induced by AB, as assessed by measurements of heart weight and gross heart size, hematoxylin and eosin staining, cross‑sectional cardiomyocyte area and the mRNA expression levels of hypertrophic markers. SSYX also inhibited collagen deposition and suppressed the expression of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), connective tissue growth factor, fibronectin, collagen Ⅰα and collagen Ⅲα, which was mediated by the inhibition of the TGFβ/small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) signaling pathway. The inhibitory action of SSYX on cardiac hypertrophy was mediated by the inhibition of Akt signaling. In vitro investigations in the rat H9c2 cardiac cells also demonstrated that SSYX attenuated angiotensin II‑induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These findings suggested that SSYX attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in the pressure overloaded mouse heart. Therefore, the cardioprotective effect of SSYX is associated with inhibition of the Akt and TGFβ/Smad signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Fei Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Qing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wei
- The Integration of Traditional and Western Medical Research Academy of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Hua Jia
- The Integration of Traditional and Western Medical Research Academy of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Qiao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhou-Yan Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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168
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Zouein FA, Altara R, Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ, Kurdi M, Booz GW. Pivotal Importance of STAT3 in Protecting the Heart from Acute and Chronic Stress: New Advancement and Unresolved Issues. Front Cardiovasc Med 2015; 2:36. [PMID: 26664907 PMCID: PMC4671345 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2015.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), has been implicated in protecting the heart from acute ischemic injury under both basal conditions and as a crucial component of pre- and post-conditioning protocols. A number of anti-oxidant and antiapoptotic genes are upregulated by STAT3 via canonical means involving phosphorylation on Y705 and S727, although other incompletely defined posttranslational modifications are involved. In addition, STAT3 is now known to be present in cardiac mitochondria and to exert actions that regulate the electron transport chain, reactive oxygen species production, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. These non-canonical actions of STAT3 are enhanced by S727 phosphorylation. The molecular basis for the mitochondrial actions of STAT3 is poorly understood, but STAT3 is known to interact with a critical subunit of complex I and to regulate complex I function. Dysfunctional complex I has been implicated in ischemic injury, heart failure, and the aging process. Evidence also indicates that STAT3 is protective to the heart under chronic stress conditions, including hypertension, pregnancy, and advanced age. Paradoxically, the accumulation of unphosphorylated STAT3 (U-STAT3) in the nucleus has been suggested to drive pathological cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation via non-canonical gene expression, perhaps involving a distinct acetylation profile. U-STAT3 may also regulate chromatin stability. Our understanding of how the non-canonical genomic and mitochondrial actions of STAT3 in the heart are regulated and coordinated with the canonical actions of STAT3 is rudimentary. Here, we present an overview of what is currently known about the pleotropic actions of STAT3 in the heart in order to highlight controversies and unresolved issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad A Zouein
- American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Raffaele Altara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA
| | - Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Mazen Kurdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University , Hadath , Lebanon
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA
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169
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Dong D, Li L, Gu P, Jin T, Wen M, Yuan C, Gao X, Liu C, Zhang Z. Profiling metabolic remodeling in PP2Acα deficiency and chronic pressure overload mouse hearts. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3631-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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170
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Endothelial Bmx tyrosine kinase activity is essential for myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:13063-8. [PMID: 26430242 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517810112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy accompanies many forms of heart disease, including ischemic disease, hypertension, heart failure, and valvular disease, and it is a strong predictor of increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Deletion of bone marrow kinase in chromosome X (Bmx), an arterial nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, has been shown to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy in mice. This finding raised the possibility of therapeutic use of Bmx tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which we have addressed here by analyzing cardiac hypertrophy in gene-targeted mice deficient in Bmx tyrosine kinase activity. We found that angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy is significantly reduced in mice deficient in Bmx and in mice with inactivated Bmx tyrosine kinase compared with WT mice. Genome-wide transcriptomic profiling showed that Bmx inactivation suppresses myocardial expression of genes related to Ang II-induced inflammatory and extracellular matrix responses whereas expression of RNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins after Ang II administration was maintained in Bmx-inactivated hearts. Very little or no Bmx mRNA was expressed in human cardiomyocytes whereas human cardiac endothelial cells expressed abundant amounts. Ang II stimulation of endothelial cells increased Bmx phosphorylation, and Bmx gene silencing inhibited downstream STAT3 signaling, which has been implicated in cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway by Ang II treatment was decreased in the Bmx-deficient hearts. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of the cross-talk between endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes by Bmx inactivation suppresses Ang II-induced signals for cardiac hypertrophy. These results suggest that the endothelial Bmx tyrosine kinase could provide a target to attenuate the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
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171
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Leone M, Magadum A, Engel FB. Cardiomyocyte proliferation in cardiac development and regeneration: a guide to methodologies and interpretations. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1237-50. [PMID: 26342071 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00559.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The newt and the zebrafish have the ability to regenerate many of their tissues and organs including the heart. Thus, a major goal in experimental medicine is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the regenerative capacity of these species. A wide variety of experiments have demonstrated that naturally occurring heart regeneration relies on cardiomyocyte proliferation. Thus, major efforts have been invested to induce proliferation of mammalian cardiomyocytes in order to improve cardiac function after injury or to protect the heart from further functional deterioration. In this review, we describe and analyze methods currently used to evaluate cardiomyocyte proliferation. In addition, we summarize the literature on naturally occurring heart regeneration. Our analysis highlights that newt and zebrafish heart regeneration relies on factors that are also utilized in cardiomyocyte proliferation during mammalian fetal development. Most of these factors have, however, failed to induce adult mammalian cardiomyocyte proliferation. Finally, our analysis of mammalian neonatal heart regeneration indicates experiments that could resolve conflicting results in the literature, such as binucleation assays and clonal analysis. Collectively, cardiac regeneration based on cardiomyocyte proliferation is a promising approach for improving adult human cardiac function after injury, but it is important to elucidate the mechanisms arresting mammalian cardiomyocyte proliferation after birth and to utilize better assays to determine formation of new muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Leone
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Ajit Magadum
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; and
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172
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Chen YY, Li Q, Pan CS, Yan L, Fan JY, He K, Sun K, Liu YY, Chen QF, Bai Y, Wang CS, He B, Lv AP, Han JY. QiShenYiQi Pills, a compound in Chinese medicine, protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy through a multi-component and multi-target mode. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11802. [PMID: 26136154 PMCID: PMC4488877 DOI: 10.1038/srep11802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the holistic mechanism for the antihypertrophic effect of a compound in Chinese medicine, QiShenYiQi Pills (QSYQ) and the contributions of its components to the effect in rats with cardiac hypertrophy (CH). After induction of CH by ascending aortic stenosis, rats were treated with QSYQ, each identified active ingredient (astragaloside IV, 3, 4-dihydroxy-phenyl lactic acid or notoginsenoside R1) from its 3 major herb components or dalbergia odorifera, either alone or combinations, for 1 month. QSYQ markedly attenuated CH, as evidenced by echocardiography, morphology and biochemistry. Proteomic analysis and western blot showed that the majority of differentially expressed proteins in the heart of QSYQ-treated rats were associated with energy metabolism or oxidative stress. Each ingredient alone or their combinations exhibited similar effects as QSYQ but to a lesser extent and differently with astragaloside IV and notoginsenoside R1 being more effective for enhancing energy metabolism, 3, 4-dihydroxy-phenyl lactic acid more effective for counteracting oxidative stress while dalbergia odorifera having little effect on the variables evaluated. In conclusion, QSYQ exerts a more potent antihypertrophic effect than any of its ingredients or their combinations, due to the interaction of its active components through a multi-component and multi-target mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- 1] Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [4] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Li
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ke He
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Fang Chen
- 1] Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [4] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptide, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-She Wang
- 1] Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [4] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Bing He
- The School of Chinese Medicine of Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ai-Ping Lv
- The School of Chinese Medicine of Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- 1] Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [4] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
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173
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Zhou J, Gao J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Gu S, Zhang X, An X, Yan J, Xin Y, Su P. microRNA-340-5p Functions Downstream of Cardiotrophin-1 to Regulate Cardiac Eccentric Hypertrophy and Heart Failure via Target Gene Dystrophin. Int Heart J 2015; 56:454-8. [PMID: 26084457 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.14-386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy inevitably leads to the unfavorable outcomes of heart failure (HF) or even sudden death. microRNAs are key regulation factors participating in many pathophysiological processes. Recently, we observed upregulation of microRNA-340-5p (miR-340) in failing human hearts because of dilated cardiomyopathy, but the functional consequence of miR-340 remains to be clarified.We transfected neonatal cardiomyocytes with miR-340 and found fetal gene expression including Nppa, Nppb and Myh7. We also observed eccentric hypertrophy development upon treatment which was analogous to the phenotype after cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) stimulation. As a potent inducer of cardiac eccentric hypertrophy, treatment by IL-6 family members CT-1 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) led to the elevation of miR-340. Knockdown of miR-340 using antagomir attenuated fetal gene expression and hypertrophy formation, which means miR-340 could convey the hypertrophic signal of CT-1. To demonstrate the initial factor of miR-340 activation, we constructed a volume overloaded abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava fistula rat HF model. miR-340 and CT-1 were found to be up-regulated in the left ventricle. Dystrophin (DMD), a putative target gene of miR-340 which is eccentric hypertrophy-susceptible, was decreased in this HF model upon Western blotting and immunohistochemistry tests. Luciferase assay constructed in two seed sequence of DMD gene 3'UTR showed decreased luciferase activities, and miR-340 transfected cells resulted in the degradation of DMD.miR-340 is a pro-eccentric hypertrophy miRNA, and its expression is dependent on volume overload and cytokine CT-1 activation. Cardiomyocyte structure protein DMD is a target of miR-340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education
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174
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Lauritzen KH, Kleppa L, Aronsen JM, Eide L, Carlsen H, Haugen ØP, Sjaastad I, Klungland A, Rasmussen LJ, Attramadal H, Storm-Mathisen J, Bergersen LH. Impaired dynamics and function of mitochondria caused by mtDNA toxicity leads to heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H434-49. [PMID: 26055793 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00253.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in heart failure of diverse etiologies. Generalized mitochondrial disease also leads to cardiomyopathy with various clinical manifestations. Impaired mitochondrial homeostasis may over time, such as in the aging heart, lead to cardiac dysfunction. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), close to the electron transport chain and unprotected by histones, may be a primary pathogenetic site, but this is not known. Here, we test the hypothesis that cumulative damage of cardiomyocyte mtDNA leads to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Transgenic mice with Tet-on inducible, cardiomyocyte-specific expression of a mutant uracil-DNA glycosylase 1 (mutUNG1) were generated. The mutUNG1 is known to remove thymine in addition to uracil from the mitochondrial genome, generating apyrimidinic sites, which obstruct mtDNA function. Following induction of mutUNG1 in cardiac myocytes by administering doxycycline, the mice developed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, leading to congestive heart failure and premature death after ∼2 mo. The heart showed reduced mtDNA replication, severely diminished mtDNA transcription, and suppressed mitochondrial respiration with increased Pgc-1α, mitochondrial mass, and antioxidative defense enzymes, and finally failing mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics and deteriorating myocardial contractility as the mechanism of heart failure. The approach provides a model with induced cardiac-restricted mtDNA damage for investigation of mtDNA-based heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut H Lauritzen
- Department of Oral Biology, Brain and Muscle Energy Group, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, and Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liv Kleppa
- Department of Oral Biology, Brain and Muscle Energy Group, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, and Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Eide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Carlsen
- Department of Nutrition Research, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind P Haugen
- Department of Oral Biology, Brain and Muscle Energy Group, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, and Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Klungland
- Department of Nutrition Research, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Medical Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Håvard Attramadal
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Storm-Mathisen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, and Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda H Bergersen
- Department of Oral Biology, Brain and Muscle Energy Group, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
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175
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Monoamine Oxidases as Potential Contributors to Oxidative Stress in Diabetes: Time for a Study in Patients Undergoing Heart Surgery. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:515437. [PMID: 26101773 PMCID: PMC4458524 DOI: 10.1155/2015/515437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a pathomechanism causally linked to the progression of chronic cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Mitochondria have emerged as the most relevant source of reactive oxygen species, the major culprit being classically considered the respiratory chain at the inner mitochondrial membrane. In the past decade, several experimental studies unequivocally demonstrated the contribution of monoamine oxidases (MAOs) at the outer mitochondrial membrane to the maladaptative ventricular hypertrophy and endothelial dysfunction. This paper addresses the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the pathogenesis of heart failure and diabetes together with the mounting evidence for an emerging role of MAO inhibition as putative cardioprotective strategy in both conditions.
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176
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Hagen CM, Aidt FH, Havndrup O, Hedley PL, Jensen MK, Kanters JK, Pham TT, Bundgaard H, Christiansen M. Private mitochondrial DNA variants in danish patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124540. [PMID: 25923817 PMCID: PMC4414448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiac disease primarily caused by mutations in genes coding for sarcomeric proteins. A molecular-genetic etiology can be established in ~60% of cases. Evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups are susceptibility factors for HCM. Several polymorphic mtDNA variants are associated with a variety of late-onset degenerative diseases and affect mitochondrial function. We examined the role of private, non-haplogroup associated, mitochondrial variants in the etiology of HCM. In 87 Danish HCM patients, full mtDNA sequencing revealed 446 variants. After elimination of 312 (69.9%) non-coding and synonymous variants, a further 109 (24.4%) with a global prevalence > 0.1%, three (0.7%) haplogroup associated and 19 (2.0%) variants with a low predicted in silico likelihood of pathogenicity, three variants: MT-TC: m.5772G>A, MT-TF: m.644A>G, and MT-CYB: m.15024G>A, p.C93Y remained. A detailed analysis of these variants indicated that none of them are likely to cause HCM. In conclusion, private mtDNA mutations are frequent, but they are rarely, if ever, associated with HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M. Hagen
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik H. Aidt
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Havndrup
- Department of Cardiology, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Paula L. Hedley
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten K. Jensen
- Department of Medicine B, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen K. Kanters
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tam T. Pham
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Medicine B, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Christiansen
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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177
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Huang J, Xu L, Huang Q, Luo J, Liu P, Chen S, Yuan X, Lu Y, Wang P, Zhou S. Changes in short-chain acyl-coA dehydrogenase during rat cardiac development and stress. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1672-88. [PMID: 25753319 PMCID: PMC4511364 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the expression of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD), a key enzyme of fatty acid β-oxidation, during rat heart development and the difference of SCAD between pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy. The expression of SCAD was lowest in the foetal and neonatal heart, which had time-dependent increase during normal heart development. In contrast, a significant decrease in SCAD expression was observed in different ages of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). On the other hand, swim-trained rats developed physiological cardiac hypertrophy, whereas SHR developed pathological cardiac hypertrophy. The two kinds of cardiac hypertrophy exhibited divergent SCAD changes in myocardial fatty acids utilization. In addition, the expression of SCAD was significantly decreased in pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, however, increased in physiological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. SCAD siRNA treatment triggered the pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which showed that the down-regulation of SCAD expression may play an important role in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. The changes in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was accordant with that of SCAD. Moreover, the specific PPARα ligand fenofibrate treatment increased the expression of SCAD and inhibited pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, we speculate that the down-regulated expression of SCAD in pathological cardiac hypertrophy may be responsible for 'the recapitulation of foetal energy metabolism'. The deactivation of PPARα may result in the decrease in SCAD expression in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Changes in SCAD are different in pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy, which may be used as the molecular markers of pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxian Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Xu
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuju Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiani Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaorui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Clinical Medicine Eight Years 1st Class 2007 Grade, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Clinical Medicine Eight Years 1st Class 2007 Grade, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sigui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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178
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Zhang S, Tang F, Yang Y, Lu M, Luan A, Zhang J, Yang J, Wang H. Astragaloside IV protects against isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy by regulating NF-κB/PGC-1α signaling mediated energy biosynthesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118759. [PMID: 25738576 PMCID: PMC4349820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that Astragaloside IV (ASIV), a major active constituent of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge protects against cardiac hypertrophy in rats induced by isoproterenol (Iso), however the mechanism underlying the protection remains unknown. Dysfunction of cardiac energy biosynthesis contributes to the hypertrophy and Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB)/Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling gets involved in the dysfunction. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanism by which ASIV improves the cardiac hypertrophy with focuses on the NF-κB/PGC-1α signaling mediated energy biosynthesis. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats or Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes (NRVMs) were treated with Iso alone or in combination with ASIV. The results showed that combination with ASIV significantly attenuated the pathological changes, reduced the ratios of heart weight/body weight and Left ventricular weight/body weight, improved the cardiac hemodynamics, down-regulated mRNA expression of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP), increased the ratio of ATP/AMP, and decreased the content of Free Fat Acid (FFA) in heart tissue of rats compared with Iso alone. In addition, pretreatment with ASIV significantly decreased the surface area and protein content, down-regulated mRNA expression of ANP and BNP, increased the ratio of ATP/AMP, and decreased the content of FFA in NRVMs compared with Iso alone. Furthermore, ASIV increased the protein expression of ATP5D, subunit of ATP synthase and PGC-1α, inhibited translocation of p65, subunit of NF-κB into nuclear fraction in both rats and NRVMs compared with Iso alone. Parthenolide (Par), the specific inhibitor of p65, exerted similar effects as ASIV in NRVMs. Knockdown of p65 with siRNA decreased the surface areas and increased PGC-1α expression of NRVMs compared with Iso alone. The results suggested that ASIV protects against Iso-induced cardiac hypertrophy through regulating NF-κB/PGC-1α signaling mediated energy biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Futian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Meili Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Aina Luan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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179
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Mailloux RJ. Teaching the fundamentals of electron transfer reactions in mitochondria and the production and detection of reactive oxygen species. Redox Biol 2015; 4:381-98. [PMID: 25744690 PMCID: PMC4348434 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria fulfill a number of biological functions which inherently depend on ATP and O2(-•)/H2O2 production. Both ATP and O2(-•)/H2O2 are generated by electron transfer reactions. ATP is the product of oxidative phosphorylation whereas O2(-•) is generated by singlet electron reduction of di-oxygen (O2). O2(-•) is then rapidly dismutated by superoxide dismutase (SOD) producing H2O2. O2(-•)/H2O2 were once viewed as unfortunately by-products of aerobic respiration. This characterization is fitting considering over production of O2(-•)/H2O2 by mitochondria is associated with range of pathological conditions and aging. However, O2(-•)/H2O2 are only dangerous in large quantities. If produced in a controlled fashion and maintained at a low concentration, cells can benefit greatly from the redox properties of O2(-•)/H2O2. Indeed, low rates of O2(-•)/H2O2 production are required for intrinsic mitochondrial signaling (e.g. modulation of mitochondrial processes) and communication with the rest of the cell. O2(-•)/H2O2 levels are kept in check by anti-oxidant defense systems that sequester O2(-•)/H2O2 with extreme efficiency. Given the importance of O2(-•)/H2O2 in cellular function, it is imperative to consider how mitochondria produce O2(-•)/H2O2 and how O2(-•)/H2O2 genesis is regulated in conjunction with fluctuations in nutritional and redox states. Here, I discuss the fundamentals of electron transfer reactions in mitochondria and emerging knowledge on the 11 potential sources of mitochondrial O2(-•)/H2O2 in tandem with their significance in contributing to overall O2(-•)/H2O2 emission in health and disease. The potential for classifying these different sites in isopotential groups, which is essentially defined by the redox properties of electron donator involved in O2(-•)/H2O2 production, as originally suggested by Brand and colleagues is also surveyed in detail. In addition, redox signaling mechanisms that control O2(-•)/H2O2 genesis from these sites are discussed. Finally, the current methodologies utilized for measuring O2(-•)/H2O2 in isolated mitochondria, cell culture and in vivo are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mailloux
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
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180
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Szeto HH, Birk AV. Serendipity and the discovery of novel compounds that restore mitochondrial plasticity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2014; 96:672-83. [PMID: 25188726 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2014.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) plays a central role in energy generation in the cell. Mitochondrial dysfunctions diminish adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and result in insufficient energy to maintain cell function. As energy output declines, the most energetic tissues are preferentially affected. To satisfy cellular energy demands, the mitochondrial ETC needs to be able to elevate its capacity to produce ATP at times of increased metabolic demand or decreased fuel supply. This mitochondrial plasticity is reduced in many age-associated diseases. In this review, we describe the serendipitous discovery of a novel class of compounds that selectively target cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane to optimize efficiency of the ETC and thereby restore cellular bioenergetics in aging and diverse disease models, without any effect on the normal healthy organism. The first of these compounds, SS-31, is currently in multiple clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Szeto
- Research Program in Mitochondrial Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - A V Birk
- Research Program in Mitochondrial Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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181
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Tom70 serves as a molecular switch to determine pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Cell Res 2014; 24:977-93. [PMID: 25022898 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is an inevitable forerunner of heart failure. Regardless of the etiology of cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte mitochondrial alterations are always observed in this context. The translocases of mitochondrial outer membrane (Tom) complex governs the import of mitochondrial precursor proteins to maintain mitochondrial function under pathophysiological conditions; however, its role in the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. Here, we showed that Tom70 was downregulated in pathological hypertrophic hearts from humans and experimental animals. The reduction in Tom70 expression produced distinct pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy both in vivo and in vitro. The defective mitochondrial import of Tom70-targeted optic atrophy-1 triggered intracellular oxidative stress, which led to a pathological cellular response. Importantly, increased Tom70 levels provided cardiomyocytes with full resistance to diverse pro-hypertrophic insults. Together, these results reveal that Tom70 acts as a molecular switch that orchestrates hypertrophic stresses and mitochondrial responses to determine pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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182
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Rapamycin attenuated cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol and maintained energy homeostasis via inhibiting NF-κB activation. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:868753. [PMID: 25045214 PMCID: PMC4089551 DOI: 10.1155/2014/868753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin, also known as sirolimus, is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection organ (especially kidney) transplantation. However, little is known about the role of Rapa in cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol and its underlying mechanism. In this study, Rapa was administrated intraperitoneally for one week after the rat model of cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol established. Rapa was demonstrated to attenuate isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy, maintain the structure integrity and functional performance of mitochondria, and upregulate genes related to fatty acid metabolism in hypertrophied hearts. To further study the implication of NF-κB in the protective role of Rapa, cardiomyocytes were pretreated with TNF-α or transfected with siRNA against NF-κB/p65 subunit. It was revealed that the upregulation of extracellular circulating proinflammatory cytokines induced by isoproterenol was able to be reversed by Rapa, which was dependent on NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, the regression of cardiac hypertrophy and maintaining energy homeostasis by Rapa in cardiomyocytes may be attributed to the inactivation of NF-κB. Our results shed new light on mechanisms underlying the protective role of Rapa against cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol, suggesting that blocking proinflammatory response by Rapa might contribute to the maintenance of energy homeostasis during the progression of cardiac hypertrophy.
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183
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Mitochondrial adaptations during myocardial hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic constriction. Cardiovasc Pathol 2014; 23:283-8. [PMID: 24972527 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial hypertrophy is an adaptive response of the heart to work overload. Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is usually associated with the ultimate development of cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. The mitochondria have an important function in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. However, mitochondrial adaptations to hypertrophic stimulus remain ambiguous. METHODS A rat model of myocardial hypertrophy was established using abdominal aortic constriction. The expression of mitochondrial complexes was evaluated through electrophoresis using blue native and blue native/sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The enzyme activity of mitochondrial complexes was detected through in-gel activity. RESULTS Mitochondrial function and biogenesis decreased in hypertrophied myocardium. The content and activity of mitochondrial Complex V dimers and Complex I significantly decreased during hypertrophy, as well as those of the α, β, B, and D chains of the Complex V dimers. However, the content and activity of mitochondrial Complex V oligomers and Complexes II, III, and IV did not change. CONCLUSIONS The decreased content and activity of Complex V dimers and Complex I caused the decline in mitochondrial function and biogenesis during cardiac hypertrophy.
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184
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Effects of hypertension and exercise on cardiac proteome remodelling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:634132. [PMID: 24877123 PMCID: PMC4022191 DOI: 10.1155/2014/634132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricle hypertrophy is a common outcome of pressure overload stimulus closely associated with hypertension. This process is triggered by adverse molecular signalling, gene expression, and proteome alteration. Proteomic research has revealed that several molecular targets are associated with pathologic cardiac hypertrophy, including angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and isoproterenol. Several metabolic, contractile, and stress-related proteins are shown to be altered in cardiac hypertrophy derived by hypertension. On the other hand, exercise is a nonpharmacologic agent used for hypertension treatment, where cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training is characterized by improvement in cardiac function and resistance against ischemic insult. Despite the scarcity of proteomic research performed with exercise, healthy and pathologic heart proteomes are shown to be modulated in a completely different way. Hence, the altered proteome induced by exercise is mostly associated with cardioprotective aspects such as contractile and metabolic improvement and physiologic cardiac hypertrophy. The present review, therefore, describes relevant studies involving the molecular characteristics and alterations from hypertensive-induced and exercise-induced hypertrophy, as well as the main proteomic research performed in this field. Furthermore, proteomic research into the effect of hypertension on other target-demerged organs is examined.
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185
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Mailloux RJ, Xuan JY, McBride S, Maharsy W, Thorn S, Holterman CE, Kennedy CRJ, Rippstein P, deKemp R, da Silva J, Nemer M, Lou M, Harper ME. Glutaredoxin-2 is required to control oxidative phosphorylation in cardiac muscle by mediating deglutathionylation reactions. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14812-28. [PMID: 24727547 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.550574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxin-2 (Grx2) modulates the activity of several mitochondrial proteins in cardiac tissue by catalyzing deglutathionylation reactions. However, it remains uncertain whether Grx2 is required to control mitochondrial ATP output in heart. Here, we report that Grx2 plays a vital role modulating mitochondrial energetics and heart physiology by mediating the deglutathionylation of mitochondrial proteins. Deletion of Grx2 (Grx2(-/-)) decreased ATP production by complex I-linked substrates to half that in wild type (WT) mitochondria. Decreased respiration was associated with increased complex I glutathionylation diminishing its activity. Tissue glucose uptake was concomitantly increased. Mitochondrial ATP output and complex I activity could be recovered by restoring the redox environment to that favoring the deglutathionylated states of proteins. Grx2(-/-) hearts also developed left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis, and mice became hypertensive. Mitochondrial energetics from Grx2 heterozygotes (Grx2(+/-)) were also dysfunctional, and hearts were hypertrophic. Intriguingly, Grx2(+/-) mice were far less hypertensive than Grx2(-/-) mice. Thus, Grx2 plays a vital role in modulating mitochondrial metabolism in cardiac muscle, and Grx2 deficiency leads to pathology. As mitochondrial ATP production was restored by the addition of reductants, these findings may be relevant to novel redox-related therapies in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mailloux
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jian Ying Xuan
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Skye McBride
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Wael Maharsy
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Stephanie Thorn
- the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Chet E Holterman
- the Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada, and
| | - Christopher R J Kennedy
- the Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada, and
| | - Peter Rippstein
- the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Robert deKemp
- the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Jean da Silva
- the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Mona Nemer
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Marjorie Lou
- the Center of Redox Biology and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0903
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada,
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186
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Hoshino A, Mita Y, Okawa Y, Ariyoshi M, Iwai-Kanai E, Ueyama T, Ikeda K, Ogata T, Matoba S. Cytosolic p53 inhibits Parkin-mediated mitophagy and promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in the mouse heart. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2308. [PMID: 23917356 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulative evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction has a role in heart failure progression, but whether mitochondrial quality control mechanisms are involved in the development of cardiac dysfunction remains unclear. Here we show that cytosolic p53 impairs autophagic degradation of damaged mitochondria and facilitates mitochondrial dysfunction and heart failure in mice. Prevalence and induction of mitochondrial autophagy is attenuated by senescence or doxorubicin treatment in vitro and in vivo. We show that cytosolic p53 binds to Parkin and disturbs its translocation to damaged mitochondria and their subsequent clearance by mitophagy. p53-deficient mice show less decline of mitochondrial integrity and cardiac functional reserve with increasing age or after treatment with doxorubicin. Furthermore, overexpression of Parkin ameliorates the functional decline in aged hearts, and is accompanied by decreased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and proinflammatory phenotypes. Thus, p53-mediated inhibition of mitophagy modulates cardiac dysfunction, raising the possibility that therapeutic activation of mitophagy by inhibiting cytosolic p53 may ameliorate heart failure and symptoms of cardiac ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hoshino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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187
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Role of 8-nitro-cGMP and its redox regulation in cardiovascular electrophilic signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 73:10-7. [PMID: 24530900 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Structural and morphological changes of the cardiovascular systems (cardiovascular remodeling) are a major clinical outcome of cardiovascular diseases. Many lines of evidences have implied that transfiguration of reduction/oxidation (redox) homeostasis due to excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or ROS-derived electrophilic metabolites (electrophiles) is the main cause of cardiovascular remodeling. Gasotransmitters, such as nitric oxide (NO) and endogenous electrophiles, are considered major bioactive species and have been extensively studied in the context of physiological and pathological cardiovascular events. We have recently found that hydrogen sulfide-related reactive species function as potent nucleophiles to eliminate electrophilic modification of signaling proteins induced by NO-derived electrophilic byproducts (e.g., 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and nitro-oleic acid). In this review, we discuss the current understanding of redox control of cardiovascular pathophysiology by electrophiles and nucleophiles. We propose that modulation of electrophile-mediated post-translational modification of protein cysteine thiols may be a new therapeutic strategy of cardiovascular diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Redox Signalling in the Cardiovascular System".
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188
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Cordero-Reyes AM, Gupte AA, Youker KA, Loebe M, Hsueh WA, Torre-Amione G, Taegtmeyer H, Hamilton DJ. Freshly isolated mitochondria from failing human hearts exhibit preserved respiratory function. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 68:98-105. [PMID: 24412531 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In heart failure mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be responsible for energy depletion and contractile dysfunction. The difficulties in procuring fresh left ventricular (LV) myocardium from humans for assessment of mitochondrial function have resulted in the reliance on surrogate markers of mitochondrial function and limited our understanding of cardiac energetics. We isolated mitochondria from fresh LV wall tissue of patients with heart failure and reduced systolic function undergoing heart transplant or left ventricular assist device placement, and compared their function to mitochondria isolated from the non-failing LV (NFLV) wall tissue with normal systolic function from patients with pulmonary hypertension undergoing heart-lung transplant. We performed detailed mitochondrial functional analyses using 4 substrates: glutamate-malate (GM), pyruvate-malate (PM) palmitoyl carnitine-malate (PC) and succinate. NFLV mitochondria showed preserved respiratory control ratios and electron chain integrity with only few differences for the 4 substrates. In contrast, HF mitochondria had greater respiration with GM, PM and PC substrates and higher electron chain capacity for PM than for PC. Surprisingly, HF mitochondria had greater respiratory control ratios and lower ADP-independent state 4 rates than NFLV mitochondria for GM, PM and PC substrates demonstrating that HF mitochondria are capable of coupled respiration ex vivo. Gene expression studies revealed decreased expression of key genes in pathways for oxidation of both fatty acids and glucose. Our results suggest that mitochondria from the failing LV myocardium are capable of tightly coupled respiration when isolated and supplied with ample substrates. Thus energy starvation in the failing heart may be the result of dysregulation of metabolic pathways, impaired substrate supply or reduced mitochondrial number but not the result of reduced mitochondrial electron transport capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anisha A Gupte
- Bioenergetics Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, USA
| | - Keith A Youker
- Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, USA
| | - Matthias Loebe
- Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, USA
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- Methodist Diabetes and Metabolism Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, USA; Houston Methodist Hospital Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, USA
| | - Guillermo Torre-Amione
- Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, USA; Catedra de Cardiologia y Medicina Vascular, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Department of Internal Medicine, USA
| | - Dale J Hamilton
- Bioenergetics Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, USA; Houston Methodist Hospital Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, USA.
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189
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Hirano K, Tagashira H, Fukunaga K. [Cardioprotective effect of the selective sigma-1 receptor agonist, SA4503]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2014; 134:707-13. [PMID: 24882645 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.13-00255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the sigma-1 receptor is down-regulated in cardiomyocytes following heart failure in transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mice. In this review, we summarized the anti-hypertrophic action of selective sigma-1 receptor agonist, SA4503 in the hypertrophied cultured cardiomyocytes and discussed its possible mechanism of cardioprotection. Treatment with SA4503 (0.1-1 μM) dose-dependently inhibited hypertrophy in cultured cardiomyocytes induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). We also found that α1 receptor stimulation by phenylephrine (PE) promotes ATP production through IP3 receptor-mediated Ca(2+) mobilization into mitochondria in cultured cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, the PE-induced ATP production was impaired after Ang II-induced hypertrophy and SA4503 treatment largely restored PE-induced ATP production. The impaired PE-induced ATP production was associated with reduced mitochondrial size. The SA4503 treatment completely restored mitochondrial size concomitant with restored ATP production. These effects were blocked by sigma-1 receptor antagonist, NE-100 and sigma-1 receptor siRNA. We also confirmed that chronic SA4503 administration also significantly attenuates myocardial hypertrophy and restores ATP production in transverse aortic constriction mice. Taken together, sigma-1 receptor stimulation with selective agonist SA4503 ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction by restoring both mitochondrial Ca(2+) mobilization and ATP production via sigma-1 receptor stimulation. Sigma-1 receptor stimulation represents a new therapeutic strategy to rescue heart from hypertrophic dysfunction in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohga Hirano
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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190
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Martin OJ, Lai L, Soundarapandian MM, Leone TC, Zorzano A, Keller MP, Attie AD, Muoio DM, Kelly DP. A role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 in the control of mitochondrial dynamics during postnatal cardiac growth. Circ Res 2013; 114:626-36. [PMID: 24366168 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.302562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Increasing evidence has shown that proper control of mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission) is required for high-capacity ATP production in the heart. Transcriptional coactivators, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) α and PGC-1β, have been shown to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis in the heart at the time of birth. The function of PGC-1 coactivators in the heart after birth has been incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess the role of PGC-1 coactivators during postnatal cardiac development and in adult hearts in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Conditional gene targeting was used in mice to explore the role of PGC-1 coactivators during postnatal cardiac development and in adult hearts. Marked mitochondrial structural derangements were observed in hearts of PGC-1α/β-deficient mice during postnatal growth, including fragmentation and elongation, associated with the development of a lethal cardiomyopathy. The expression of genes involved in mitochondrial fusion (Mfn1, Opa1) and fission (Drp1, Fis1) was altered in the hearts of PGC-1α/β-deficient mice. PGC-lα was shown to directly regulate Mfn1 gene transcription by coactivating the estrogen-related receptor α on a conserved DNA element. Surprisingly, PGC-1α/β deficiency in the adult heart did not result in evidence of abnormal mitochondrial dynamics or heart failure. However, transcriptional profiling demonstrated that PGC-1 coactivators are required for high-level expression of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics and energy transduction in the adult heart. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal distinct developmental stage-specific programs involved in cardiac mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola J Martin
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Cardiovascular Pathobiology Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (O.J.M., L.L., M.M.S., T.C.L., D.P.K.); Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain (A.Z.); Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.Z.); CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (A.Z.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI (M.P.K., A.D.A.); and Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC (D.M.M.)
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191
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Acin-Perez R, Enriquez JA. The function of the respiratory supercomplexes: the plasticity model. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:444-50. [PMID: 24368156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles not only as efficient ATP generators but also in controlling and regulating many cellular processes. Mitochondria are dynamic compartments that rearrange under stress response and changes in food availability or oxygen concentrations. The mitochondrial electron transport chain parallels these rearrangements to achieve an optimum performance and therefore requires a plastic organization within the inner mitochondrial membrane. This consists in a balanced distribution between free respiratory complexes and supercomplexes. The mechanisms by which the distribution and organization of supercomplexes can be adjusted to the needs of the cells are still poorly understood. The aim of this review is to focus on the functional role of the respiratory supercomplexes and its relevance in physiology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Dynamic and ultrastructure of bioenergetic membranes and their components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Acin-Perez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Enriquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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192
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The NO/ONOO-cycle as the central cause of heart failure. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:22274-330. [PMID: 24232452 PMCID: PMC3856065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141122274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The NO/ONOO-cycle is a primarily local, biochemical vicious cycle mechanism, centered on elevated peroxynitrite and oxidative stress, but also involving 10 additional elements: NF-κB, inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, nitric oxide (NO), superoxide, mitochondrial dysfunction (lowered energy charge, ATP), NMDA activity, intracellular Ca(2+), TRP receptors and tetrahydrobiopterin depletion. All 12 of these elements have causal roles in heart failure (HF) and each is linked through a total of 87 studies to specific correlates of HF. Two apparent causal factors of HF, RhoA and endothelin-1, each act as tissue-limited cycle elements. Nineteen stressors that initiate cases of HF, each act to raise multiple cycle elements, potentially initiating the cycle in this way. Different types of HF, left vs. right ventricular HF, with or without arrhythmia, etc., may differ from one another in the regions of the myocardium most impacted by the cycle. None of the elements of the cycle or the mechanisms linking them are original, but they collectively produce the robust nature of the NO/ONOO-cycle which creates a major challenge for treatment of HF or other proposed NO/ONOO-cycle diseases. Elevated peroxynitrite/NO ratio and consequent oxidative stress are essential to both HF and the NO/ONOO-cycle.
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193
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Rustagi Y, Rani V. Screening of MicroRNA as potential CardiomiRs in Rattus noveregicus Heart related Dataset. Bioinformation 2013; 9:919-22. [PMID: 24307770 PMCID: PMC3842578 DOI: 10.6026/97320630009919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the naturally expressed small, 18~25 nts long non-coding single stranded RNAs, which inhibit the
translation by interacting with the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of specific mRNA targets or by repression of posttranscriptional
modification of mRNAs. MiRNAs are found to regulate the differentiation, development, function and stress responsive growth of
cardiac cells. Their role and association with several disease progressions is of interest in recent years. Our interest is to study their
role in cardiac hypertrophy (characterized by increased cell size, protein synthesis and reactivation of gene pathways). Therefore,
we analyzed their features using a dataset (# ≈1400 #) of potential intronic and 3'UTR targeted miRNAs from known cardiac
marker genes. We report 10 uncharacterized miRNAs regulating cardiac marker genes during cardiac hypertrophy and other
cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Rustagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India
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194
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Abstract
The heart has a high rate of ATP production and turnover that is required to maintain its continuous mechanical work. Perturbations in ATP-generating processes may therefore affect contractile function directly. Characterizing cardiac metabolism in heart failure (HF) revealed several metabolic alterations called metabolic remodeling, ranging from changes in substrate use to mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately resulting in ATP deficiency and impaired contractility. However, ATP depletion is not the only relevant consequence of metabolic remodeling during HF. By providing cellular building blocks and signaling molecules, metabolic pathways control essential processes such as cell growth and regeneration. Thus, alterations in cardiac metabolism may also affect the progression to HF by mechanisms beyond ATP supply. Our aim is therefore to highlight that metabolic remodeling in HF not only results in impaired cardiac energetics but also induces other processes implicated in the development of HF such as structural remodeling and oxidative stress. Accordingly, modulating cardiac metabolism in HF may have significant therapeutic relevance that goes beyond the energetic aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany.
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195
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Mori J, Zhang L, Oudit GY, Lopaschuk GD. Impact of the renin–angiotensin system on cardiac energy metabolism in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 63:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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196
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Protective effect of qiliqiangxin capsule on energy metabolism and myocardial mitochondria in pressure overload heart failure rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:378298. [PMID: 24078824 PMCID: PMC3775405 DOI: 10.1155/2013/378298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Qiliqiangxin capsule (QL) was developed under the guidance of TCM theory of collateral disease and had been shown to be effective and safe for the treatment of heart failure. The present study explored the role of and mechanism by which the herbal compounds QL act on energy metabolism, in vivo, in pressure overload heart failure. SD rats received ascending aorta constriction (TAC) to establish a model of myocardial hypertrophy. The animals were treated orally for a period of six weeks. QL significantly inhibited cardiac hypertrophy due to ascending aortic constriction and improved hemodynamics. This effect was linked to the expression levels of the signaling factors in connection with upregulated energy and the regulation of glucose and lipid substrate metabolism and with a decrease in metabolic intermediate products and the protection of mitochondrial function. It is concluded that QL may regulate the glycolipid substrate metabolism by activating AMPK/PGC-1 α axis and reduce the accumulation of free fatty acids and lactic acid, to protect cardiac myocytes and mitochondrial function.
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197
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Lu CC, Xu YQ, Wu JC, Hang PZ, Wang Y, Wang C, Wu JW, Qi JC, Zhang Y, Du ZM. Vitexin protects against cardiac hypertrophy via inhibiting calcineurin and CaMKII signaling pathways. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 386:747-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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198
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Bernardo BC, Ooi JY, McMullen JR. The yin and yang of adaptive and maladaptive processes in heart failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddstr.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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