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Hernández-Saldaña OF, Valencia-Posadas M, de la Fuente-Salcido NM, Bideshi DK, Barboza-Corona JE. Bacteriocinogenic Bacteria Isolated from Raw Goat Milk and Goat Cheese Produced in the Center of México. Indian J Microbiol 2016; 56:301-8. [PMID: 27407294 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are few reports on the isolation of microorganisms from goat milk and goat cheese that have antibacterial activity. In particular, there are no reports on the isolation of microorganisms with antibacterial activity from these products in central Mexico. Our objective was to isolate bacteria, from goat products, that synthesized antimicrobial peptides with activity against a variety of clinically significant bacteria. We isolated and identified Lactobacillus rhamnosus, L. plantarum, L. pentosus, L. helveticus and Enterococcus faecium from goat cheese, and Aquabacterium fontiphilum, Methylibium petroleiphilum, Piscinobacter aquaticus and Staphylococcus xylosus from goat milk. These bacteria isolated from goat cheese were able to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, L. inoccua, Pseudomona aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In addition, bacteria from goat milk showed inhibitory activity against B. cereus, L. lactis, E. coli, S. flexneri, E. cloacae and K. pneumonia; S. aureus, L. innocua, S. agalactiae and S. marcescens. The bacteriocins produced by these isolates were shown to be acid stable (pH 2-6) and thermotolerant (up to 100 °C), but were susceptible to proteinases. When screened by PCR for the presence of nisin, pediocin and enterocin A genes, none was found in isolates recovered from goat milk, and only the enterocin A gene was found in isolates from goat cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar F Hernández-Saldaña
- División de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca (CIS), Ex-Hacienda El Copal km. 9, carretera Irapuato-Silao; A.P. 311, C.P. 36500 Irapuato, Guanajuato Mexico ; Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, Universidad de Guanajuato, Ex-Hacienda El Copal km. 9, carretera Irapuato-Silao; A.P. 311, C.P. 36500 Irapuato, Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Mauricio Valencia-Posadas
- División de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca (CIS), Ex-Hacienda El Copal km. 9, carretera Irapuato-Silao; A.P. 311, C.P. 36500 Irapuato, Guanajuato Mexico ; Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad de Guanajuato CIS, Ex-Hacienda El Copal km. 9, carretera Irapuato-Silao; A.P. 311, C.P. 36500 Irapuato, Guanajuato Mexico ; Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, Universidad de Guanajuato, Ex-Hacienda El Copal km. 9, carretera Irapuato-Silao; A.P. 311, C.P. 36500 Irapuato, Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Norma M de la Fuente-Salcido
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Torreón-Matamoros Km. 7.5, Ciudad Universitaria Campus Torreón, C.P. 27104 Torreón, Coahuila Mexico
| | - Dennis K Bideshi
- Department of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, California Baptist University, 8432 Magnolia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92504 USA ; Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - José E Barboza-Corona
- División de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca (CIS), Ex-Hacienda El Copal km. 9, carretera Irapuato-Silao; A.P. 311, C.P. 36500 Irapuato, Guanajuato Mexico ; Departamento de Alimentos, Universidad de Guanajuato CIS, Ex-Hacienda El Copal km. 9, carretera Irapuato-Silao; A.P. 311, C.P. 36500 Irapuato, Guanajuato Mexico ; Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, Universidad de Guanajuato, Ex-Hacienda El Copal km. 9, carretera Irapuato-Silao; A.P. 311, C.P. 36500 Irapuato, Guanajuato Mexico
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152
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Moshtaghi Nikou M, Ramezani M, Ali Amoozegar M, Rasouli M, Abolhassan Shahzadeh Fazeli S, Schumann P, de la Haba RR, Ventosa A. Salininema proteolyticum gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic rare actinomycete isolated from wetland soil, and emended description of the family Glycomycetaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016. [PMID: 26219545 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, Miq-4T, was isolated from soil around Meighan wetland in the centre of Iran. Strain Miq-4T was strictly aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive. The isolate grew in the presence of 3–15 % (w/v) NaCl, at 20–40 °C and pH 6.0–11.0. The optimum NaCl, temperature and pH for growth were 7.0 %, 30 °C and 7.0–8.5, respectively. The cell wall of strain Miq-4T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and glucose and ribose as the whole-cell sugars. The polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. Strain Miq-4T synthesized cellular fatty acids of anteiso- and iso-branched types, including anteiso-C17 : 0, anteiso- C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and characteristic patterns of 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotides revealed that strain Miq-4T belongs to the family Glycomycetaceae and showed the closest phylogenetic similarity with Haloglycomyces albus YIM 92370T (94.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain Miq-4T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Glycomycetaceae, for which the name Salininema proteoliyticum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is Miq-4T ( = IBRC-M 10908T = LMG 28391T). An emended description of the family Glycomycetaceae is also proposed in order to include features of the new genus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohaddaseh Ramezani
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), ACECR Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoush Rasouli
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), ACECR Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh Fazeli
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), ACECR Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Schumann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rafael R de la Haba
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Ventosa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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153
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Ruiz Rodríguez L, Vera Pingitore E, Rollan G, Cocconcelli PS, Fontana C, Saavedra L, Vignolo G, Hebert EM. Biodiversity and technological-functional potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from spontaneously fermented quinoa sourdoughs. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1289-301. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Ruiz Rodríguez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET); S. M. de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
| | - E. Vera Pingitore
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO); CONICET-UNT; Tucumán Argentina
| | - G. Rollan
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET); S. M. de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
| | - P. S. Cocconcelli
- Istituto di Microbiologia-Centro Ricerche Biotecnologiche; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Piacenza-Cremona Italy
| | - C. Fontana
- Istituto di Microbiologia-Centro Ricerche Biotecnologiche; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Piacenza-Cremona Italy
| | - L. Saavedra
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET); S. M. de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
| | - G. Vignolo
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET); S. M. de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
| | - E. M. Hebert
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET); S. M. de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
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154
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Tchinda RAM, Boudjeko T, Simao-Beaunoir AM, Lerat S, Tsala É, Monga E, Beaulieu C. Morphological, Physiological, and Taxonomic Characterization of Actinobacterial Isolates Living as Endophytes of Cacao Pods and Cacao Seeds. Microbes Environ 2016; 31:56-62. [PMID: 26947442 PMCID: PMC4791117 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular plants are commonly colonized by endophytic actinobacteria. However, very little is known about the relationship between these microorganisms and cacao fruits. In order to determine the physiological and taxonomic relationships between the members of this community, actinobacteria were isolated from cacao fruits and seeds. Among the 49 isolates recovered, 11 morphologically distinct isolates were selected for further characterization. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene allowed the partition of the selected isolates into three phylogenetic clades. Most of the selected endophytic isolates belonged to the Streptomyces violaceusniger clade. Physiological characterization was carried out and a similarity index was used to cluster the isolates. However, clustering based on physiological properties did not match phylogenetic lineages. Isolates were also characterized for traits commonly associated with plant growth-promoting bacteria, including antibiosis and auxin biosynthesis. All isolates exhibited resistance to geldanamycin, whereas only two isolates were shown to produce this antibiotic. Endophytes were inoculated on radish seedlings and most isolates were found to possess plant growth-promoting abilities. These endophytic actinobacteria inhibited the growth of various plant pathogenic fungi and/or bacteria. The present study showed that S. violaceusniger clade members represent a significant part of the actinobacterial community living as endophytes in cacao fruits and seeds. While several members of this clade are known to be geldanamycin producers and efficient biocontrol agents of plant diseases, we herein established the endophytic lifestyle of some of these microorganisms, demonstrating their potential as plant health agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romaric Armel Mouafo Tchinda
- Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Valorization of Plants Resources, Biotechnology Centre—NkolbissonP.O. box 3851, Messa, YaoundéCameroon
- Centre SÈVE, Département de biologie, Université de SherbrookeSherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1Canada
| | - Thaddée Boudjeko
- Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Valorization of Plants Resources, Biotechnology Centre—NkolbissonP.O. box 3851, Messa, YaoundéCameroon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé IP.O. box 812 YaoundéCameroon
| | | | - Sylvain Lerat
- Centre SÈVE, Département de biologie, Université de SherbrookeSherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1Canada
| | - Éric Tsala
- Département de Mathématiques, Université de SherbrookeSherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1Canada
| | - Ernest Monga
- Département de Mathématiques, Université de SherbrookeSherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1Canada
| | - Carole Beaulieu
- Centre SÈVE, Département de biologie, Université de SherbrookeSherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1Canada
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155
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Xie QY, Ren J, Li L, Li Y, Deng ZX, Hong K. Micromonospora mangrovi sp. nov., isolated from mangrove soil. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 109:483-91. [PMID: 26942919 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel actinomycete strain 2803GPT1-18(T) was isolated from a composite mangrove soil sample collected from Beihai, Guangxi province, China. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 2803GPT1-18(T) indicated high similarity with 'Micromonospora harpali' NEAU-JC6(T) (99.2 %), Micromonospora haikouensis 232617(T) (99.1 %), Micromonospora wenchangensis 2602GPT1-05(T) (99.1 %), Micromonospora schwarzwaldensis HKI0641(T) (99.1 %). The gyrB gene sequence analysis also indicated that strain 2803GPT1-18(T) should be assigned to the genus Micromonospora but different from any established Micromonospora species. The strain harbored meso-DAP and glycine as major cell wall amino acids, MK-10(H6) (53.5 %), MK-9(H6) (25.1 %) and MK-9(H4) (13.4 %) as predominant menaquinones. The characteristic whole cell sugars are arabinose, xylose, glucose, galactose and mannose. The polar lipid profile comprises phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and unidentified polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acids present are iso-C16:0 (44.2 %) and iso-C15:0 (12.4 %). The DNA G+C content is 71.2 mol%. Furthermore, a combination of DNA-DNA relatedness and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that the novel strain could be readily distinguished from the closely related species. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, strain 2803GPT1-18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora mangrovi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2803GPT1-18(T) (=CCTCC AA2012012(T) = DSM45761(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ren
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Xin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Hong
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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156
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Baldi F, Daniele S, Gallo M, Paganelli S, Battistel D, Piccolo O, Faleri C, Puglia AM, Gallo G. Polysaccharide-based silver nanoparticles synthesized by Klebsiella oxytoca DSM 29614 cause DNA fragmentation in E. coli cells. Biometals 2016; 29:321-31. [PMID: 26886276 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), embedded into a specific exopolysaccharide (EPS), were produced by Klebsiella oxytoca DSM 29614 by adding AgNO3 to the cultures during exponential growth phase. In particular, under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, two types of silver nanoparticles, named AgNPs-EPS(aer) and the AgNPs-EPS(anaer), were produced respectively. The effects on bacterial cells was demonstrated by using Escherichia coli K12 and Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341 (ex Micrococcus luteus) as Gram-negative and Gram-positive tester strains, respectively. The best antimicrobial activity was observed for AgNPs-EPS(aer), in terms of minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations. Observations by transmission electron microscopy showed that the cell morphology of both tester strains changed during the exposition to AgNPs-EPS(aer). In particular, an electron-dense wrapped filament was observed in E. coli cytoplasm after 3 h of AgNPs-EPS(aer) exposition, apparently due to silver accumulation in DNA, and both E. coli and K. rhizophila cells were lysed after 18 h of exposure to AgNPs-EPS(aer). The DNA breakage in E. coli cells was confirmed by the comparison of 3-D fluorescence spectra fingerprints of DNA. Finally the accumulation of silver on DNA of E. coli was confirmed directly by a significant Ag(+) release from DNA, using the scanning electrochemical microscopy and the voltammetric determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Baldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, University Cà Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Daniele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, University Cà Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Michele Gallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, University Cà Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Stefano Paganelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, University Cà Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Dario Battistel
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Infomatica e Statistica, University Cà Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Faleri
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Puglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze - ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze - ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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157
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Mehdizadeh Gohari I, Kropinski AM, Weese SJ, Parreira VR, Whitehead AE, Boerlin P, Prescott JF. Plasmid Characterization and Chromosome Analysis of Two netF+ Clostridium perfringens Isolates Associated with Foal and Canine Necrotizing Enteritis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148344. [PMID: 26859667 PMCID: PMC4747519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of a novel beta-pore-forming toxin, NetF, which is strongly associated with canine and foal necrotizing enteritis should improve our understanding of the role of type A Clostridium perfringens associated disease in these animals. The current study presents the complete genome sequence of two netF-positive strains, JFP55 and JFP838, which were recovered from cases of foal necrotizing enteritis and canine hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, respectively. Genome sequencing was done using Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) technology-PacBio and Illumina Hiseq2000. The JFP55 and JFP838 genomes include a single 3.34 Mb and 3.53 Mb chromosome, respectively, and both genomes include five circular plasmids. Plasmid annotation revealed that three plasmids were shared by the two newly sequenced genomes, including a NetF/NetE toxins-encoding tcp-conjugative plasmid, a CPE/CPB2 toxins-encoding tcp-conjugative plasmid and a putative bacteriocin-encoding plasmid. The putative beta-pore-forming toxin genes, netF, netE and netG, were located in unique pathogenicity loci on tcp-conjugative plasmids. The C. perfringens JFP55 chromosome carries 2,825 protein-coding genes whereas the chromosome of JFP838 contains 3,014 protein-encoding genes. Comparison of these two chromosomes with three available reference C. perfringens chromosome sequences identified 48 (~247 kb) and 81 (~430 kb) regions unique to JFP55 and JFP838, respectively. Some of these divergent genomic regions in both chromosomes are phage- and plasmid-related segments. Sixteen of these unique chromosomal regions (~69 kb) were shared between the two isolates. Five of these shared regions formed a mosaic of plasmid-integrated segments, suggesting that these elements were acquired early in a clonal lineage of netF-positive C. perfringens strains. These results provide significant insight into the basis of canine and foal necrotizing enteritis and are the first to demonstrate that netF resides on a large and unique plasmid-encoded locus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew M. Kropinski
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Scott J. Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Valeria R. Parreira
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ashley E. Whitehead
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, CSB 101E, Canada
| | - Patrick Boerlin
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John F. Prescott
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- * E-mail:
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158
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Epigenetic Activation of Antibacterial Property of an Endophytic Streptomyces coelicolor Strain AZRA 37 and Identification of the Induced Protein Using MALDI TOF MS/MS. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147876. [PMID: 26844762 PMCID: PMC4742224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The endophytic Streptomyces coelicolor strain AZRA 37 was isolated from the surface sterilized root of Azadirachta indica A. Juss., commonly known as neem plant in India. Since only a few reports are available regarding epigenetic modulations of microbial entities, S. coelicolor was treated with different concentrations of 5-azacytidine for this purpose and evaluated for its antibacterial potential against five human pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila IMS/GN11, Enterococcus faecalis IMS/GN7, Salmonella typhi MTCC 3216, Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923). The crude extract obtained from cultures treated with 25 μM concentration of 5-azacytidine, was found effective against all five pathogenic bacteria tested while the untreated control was only active against 3 pathogenic bacteria. HPLC analysis of crude compounds from treated cultures showed a greater number of compounds than that of the control. Extraction of whole cell protein and its SDS PAGE analysis showed an additional major protein band in 25 μM 5-azacytidine treated culture and MALDI TOF MS/MS analysis revealed that this protein belongs to the porin family.
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159
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Mishra SK, Malik RK, Manju G, Pandey N, Singroha G, Behare P, Kaushik JK. Characterization of a Reuterin-Producing Lactobacillus reuteri BPL-36 Strain Isolated from Human Infant Fecal Sample. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 4:154-61. [PMID: 26782041 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-012-9103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A reuterin (3-hydroxypropinaldehyde, 3-HPA)-producing isolate from a human infant fecal sample was identified as Lactobacillus reuteri BPL-36 strain. The organism displayed a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The gene (gdh) encoding a glycerol dehydratase subunit was detected by PCR, thus confirming its reuterin-producing ability. Reuterin concentration of 89.63 mM/mL was obtained in the MRS-glycerol medium after 16 h of incubation at 37 °C. The reuterin concentration required to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes was found to be 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 10.0 AU/mL, respectively. Antimicrobial efficiency test using BPL-36 cell-free supernatant co-incubated along with different test pathogens was done. Viability of all the tested pathogens decreased with increasing contact time with the cell-free supernatant. S. typhi was observed to be the most susceptible among the tested organisms, and the number of viable cells hugely declined as the contact with cell-free supernatant continued, resulting in a reduction of 6 log cycles (100 % inhibition) of the cells after 4 h of treatment. Production of biogenic amines and degradation of mucin by the reuterin-producing BPL-36 strain were not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Mishra
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - R K Malik
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India.
| | - G Manju
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Neha Pandey
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Garima Singroha
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Pradip Behare
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - J K Kaushik
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
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160
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Zhang L, Ruan C, Peng F, Deng Z, Hong K. Streptomyces arcticus sp. nov., isolated from frozen soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:1482-1487. [PMID: 26790712 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomycete strain ZLN234T was isolated from a frozen soil sample, which was collected from a glacier front in the Arctic. Chemotaxonomic and morphological characteristics were found to be typical of members of the genus Streptomyces. The strain formed a distinct phyletic line in the 16S rRNA gene tree and was closely related to Streptomyces olivochromogenes ATCC 3336T (98.63 % similarity) and Streptomyces aureus B7319T (98.56 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the gyrB gene also showed clearly that strain ZLN234T was different from all recognized Streptomyces species. The whole-cell sugars were galactose, glucose, ribose and rhamnose. The whole-cell-wall amino acids included alanine, glutamine, glycine and meso-diaminopimelic acid with a minor amount of ll-diaminopimelic acid. The characteristic polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and unknown phospholipids. The major menaquinones were MK-9(H10), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4). The major cellular fatty acids comprised anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 with a small amount of iso-C16 : 1ω7 and anteiso-C14 : 0. The DNA G+C content of strain ZLN234T was 77.5 mol%. On the basis of these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain ZLN234T ( = CCTCC AA 2015005T = DSM 100713T) is the type strain of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces arcticus sp. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Changying Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Fang Peng
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Kui Hong
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
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161
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Bilyk O, Brötz E, Tokovenko B, Bechthold A, Paululat T, Luzhetskyy A. New Simocyclinones: Surprising Evolutionary and Biosynthetic Insights. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:241-50. [PMID: 26566170 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simocyclinone D8 (1, SD8) has attracted attention due to its highly complex hybrid structure and the unusual way it inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase by preventing DNA binding to the enzyme. Although a hypothesis explaining simocyclinone biosynthesis has been previously proposed, little was proven in vivo due to the genetic inaccessibility of the producer strain. Herein, we report discovery of three new D-type simocyclinones (D9, D10, and D11) produced by Kitasatospora sp. and Streptomyces sp. NRRL B-24484, as well as the identification and annotation of their biosynthetic gene clusters. Unexpectedly, the arrangement of the newly discovered biosynthetic gene clusters is starkly different from the previously published one, despite the nearly identical structures of D8 and D9 simocyclinones. The gene inactivation and expression studies have disproven the role of a modular polyketide synthase (PKS) system in the assembly of the linear dicarboxylic acid. Instead, the new stand-alone ketosynthase genes were shown to be involved in the biosynthesis of the tetraene chain. Additionally, we identified the gene responsible for the conversion of simocyclinone D9 (2, SD9) into D8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Bilyk
- Helmholtz-Institute
for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarland University Campus, Building
C2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Elke Brötz
- Helmholtz-Institute
for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarland University Campus, Building
C2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bogdan Tokovenko
- Helmholtz-Institute
for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarland University Campus, Building
C2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Bechthold
- University of Freiburg, Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Department for Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Stefan-Meier-Straße 14, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Paululat
- University of Siegen, Faculty 4, Organic Chemistry
2, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße
2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Andriy Luzhetskyy
- Helmholtz-Institute
for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarland University Campus, Building
C2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Universität des Saarlandes, Pharmazeutische Biotechnologie, Building C2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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162
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Shrestha BK, Karki HS, Groth DE, Jungkhun N, Ham JH. Biological Control Activities of Rice-Associated Bacillus sp. Strains against Sheath Blight and Bacterial Panicle Blight of Rice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146764. [PMID: 26765124 PMCID: PMC4713167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential biological control agents for two major rice diseases, sheath blight and bacterial panicle blight, were isolated from rice plants in this study. Rice-associated bacteria (RABs) isolated from rice plants grown in the field were tested for their antagonistic activities against the rice pathogens, Rhizoctonia solani and Burkholderia glumae, which cause sheath blight and bacterial panicle blight, respectively. Twenty-nine RABs were initially screened based on their antagonistic activities against both R. solani and B. glumae. In follow-up retests, 26 RABs of the 29 RABs were confirmed to have antimicrobial activities, but the rest three RABs did not reproduce any observable antagonistic activity against R. solani or B. glumae. According to16S rDNA sequence identity, 12 of the 26 antagonistic RABs were closest to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, while seven RABs were to B. methylotrophicus and B, subtilis, respectively. The 16S rDNA sequences of the three non-antagonistic RABs were closest to Lysinibacillus sphaericus (RAB1 and RAB12) and Lysinibacillus macroides (RAB5). The five selected RABs showing highest antimicrobial activities (RAB6, RAB9, RAB16, RAB17S, and RAB18) were closest to B. amyloliquefaciens in DNA sequence of 16S rDNA and gyrB, but to B. subtilis in that of recA. These RABs were observed to inhibit the sclerotial germination of R. solani on potato dextrose agar and the lesion development on detached rice leaves by artificial inoculation of R. solani. These antagonistic RABs also significantly suppressed the disease development of sheath blight and bacterial panicle blight in a field condition, suggesting that they can be potential biological control agents for these rice diseases. However, these antagonistic RABs showed diminished disease suppression activities in the repeated field trial conducted in the following year probably due to their reduced antagonistic activities to the pathogens during the long-term storage in -70C, suggesting that development of proper storage methods to maintain antagonistic activity is as crucial as identification of new biological control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu K. Shrestha
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, United States of America
| | - Hari Sharan Karki
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, United States of America
| | - Donald E. Groth
- Rice Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Rayne, Louisiana, 70578, United States of America
| | - Nootjarin Jungkhun
- Chiang Rai Rice Research Center, Bureau of Rice Research and Development, Rice Department, 474 Moo 9, Phaholyothin Rd., Muang Phan, Phan, Chiang Rai, 57120, Thailand
| | - Jong Hyun Ham
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, United States of America
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163
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The effect of Piper betle leaves on lacto-fermentation of idli batter, characterization and applicability of potent isolates in soymilk fermentation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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164
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Shrivastava P, Kumar R, Yandigeri MS. In vitro biocontrol activity of halotolerant Streptomyces aureofaciens K20: A potent antagonist against Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 24:192-199. [PMID: 28053590 PMCID: PMC5199003 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A halotolerant actinobacterial strain isolated from salinity affected soil of Eastern Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP), Uttar Pradesh, India, was characterised for its antagonistic potential against Macrophomina phaseolina by dual-culture assay. It was shown to effectively inhibit the growth of M. phaseolina with an inhibition zone of 27 ± 1.33 mm. Further the actinobacterial strain was evaluated for its plant growth promoting (PGP) properties and its ability to produce biocontrol related extracellular enzymes viz. amylase, protease, cellulase, chitinase, gelatinase and urease. The results revealed that the actinobacterial strain had PGP potential along with positive assay for amylase, chitinase and urease. The interaction study between antagonist strain and fungal pathogen, performed by scanning electron microscopy technique revealed that the actinobacterium was able to damage fungal mycelia may be due to chitinase, establishing its role as a potential antagonist against M. phaseolina. The actinobacterial isolate was characterised by 16S rDNA gene sequencing, and was identified as Streptomyces genera. The identified gene sequence was deposited to NCBI GenBank with an accession number KP331758.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shrivastava
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central Unversity), Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Kumar
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central Unversity), Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M S Yandigeri
- National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560024, India
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165
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Zhang L, Li L, Deng Z, Hong K. Micromonospora zhanjiangensis sp. nov., isolated from mangrove forest soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:4880-4885. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel actinomycete, designated strain 2902at01T was isolated from soil collected at a mangrove forest in Zhanjiang, Guangdong province, China. The strain was identified using a polyphasic classification method. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 2902at01T showed the highest similarity to Micromonospora equina Y22T (98.3 %) and Micromonospora pattaloongensis TJ2-2T (98.1 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the gyrB gene sequence also clearly showed that the strain was different from any previously discovered species of the genus Micromonospora. The characteristic whole-cell sugars were ribose and xylose. The cell-wall hydrolysates contained alanine, asparagine, glycine and meso-diaminopimelic acid. MK-10(H6) and MK-10(H8) were the major menaquinones of the novel strain. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The characteristic polar lipids of strain 2902at01T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and diphosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content was 70.2 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization data combined with other physiological and biochemical features could distinguish strain 2902at01T from the reference strains M. equina Y22T and M. pattaloongensis TJ2-2 T. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, strain 2902at01T represents a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora zhanjiangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2902at01T ( = CCTCC AA2014018T = DSM 45902T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Kui Hong
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
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166
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Li L, Hong K. Micromonospora ovatispora sp. nov. isolated from mangrove soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 66:889-893. [PMID: 26620702 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An oval spore-forming actinomycete, designated 2701SIM06T, was isolated from mangrove soil in Sanya, Hainan province, China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 2701SIM06T showed highest similarity to Micromonospora pattaloongensis TJ2-2T (98.6 %), Micromonospora polyrhachis NEAU-ycm2T (98.6 %) and Micromonospora sonneratiae 274745T (98.5 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on both the 16S rRNA gene and the gyrB gene supported this relationship. The chemotaxonomic results confirmed the isolate as a member of the genus Micromonospora, but morphological, physiological and biochemical properties differentiated it from its closest relatives. Based on these observations, strain 2701SIM06T represents a novel species, for which the name Micromonospora ovatispora sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2701SIM06T ( = CCTCC AA 2012009T = DSM 45759T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Kui Hong
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
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167
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Huang X, Zhou S, Huang D, Chen J, Zhu W. Streptomyces spongiicola sp. nov., an actinomycete derived from marine sponge. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 66:738-743. [PMID: 26597038 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel actinomycete (strain HNM0071T) was isolated from an unidentified marine sponge collected from the coast of Sanya City, PR China and its taxonomic position was investigated. The major menaquinones were MK-9 (H6) (65.6 %), MK-9 (H4) (23.8 %) and MK-9 (H8) (10.6 %). The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (19.5 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (15.4 %). The predominant phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. In addition, four unidentified phospholipids were found. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.8 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HNM0071T was most closely related to Streptomyces wuyuanensis FX61T (97.3 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other species of the genus Streptomyces was less than 97.0 %. DNA-DNA hybridization between strain HNM0071T and its closest phylogenetic relative, Streptomyces wuyuanensis FX61T, showed 25.0 % relatedness. Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain HNM0071T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces whose name is proposed as Streptomyes spongiicola sp. nov. The type strain is HNM0071T ( = CCTCCAA2015018T = KCTC 39604T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Huang
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PRChina.,Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PRChina
| | - Shuangqing Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PRChina
| | - Dongyi Huang
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PRChina
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PRChina
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PRChina
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168
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Verma P, Yadav AN, Khannam KS, Kumar S, Saxena AK, Suman A. Molecular diversity and multifarious plant growth promoting attributes of Bacilli associated with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rhizosphere from six diverse agro-ecological zones of India. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 56:44-58. [PMID: 26567901 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of culturable Bacilli was investigated in six wheat cultivating agro-ecological zones of India viz: northern hills, north western plains, north eastern plains, central, peninsular, and southern hills. These agro-ecological regions are based on the climatic conditions such as pH, salinity, drought, and temperature. A total of 395 Bacilli were isolated by heat enrichment and different growth media. Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis using three restriction enzymes AluI, MspI, and HaeIII led to the clustering of these isolates into 19-27 clusters in the different zones at >70% similarity index, adding up to 137 groups. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing led to the identification of 55 distinct Bacilli that could be grouped in five families, Bacillaceae (68%), Paenibacillaceae (15%), Planococcaceae (8%), Staphylococcaceae (7%), and Bacillales incertae sedis (2%), which included eight genera namely Bacillus, Exiguobacterium, Lysinibacillus, Paenibacillus, Planococcus, Planomicrobium, Sporosarcina, and Staphylococcus. All 395 isolated Bacilli were screened for their plant growth promoting attributes, which included direct-plant growth promoting (solubilization of phosphorus, potassium, and zinc; production of phytohormones; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity and nitrogen fixation), and indirect-plant growth promotion (antagonistic, production of lytic enzymes, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, and ammonia). To our knowledge, this is the first report for the presence of Bacillus endophyticus, Paenibacillus xylanexedens, Planococcus citreus, Planomicrobium okeanokoites, Sporosarcina sp., and Staphylococcus succinus in wheat rhizosphere and exhibit multifunctional PGP attributes. These niche-specific and multifarious PGP Bacilli may serve as inoculants for crops growing in respective climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Verma
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kazy Sufia Khannam
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Archna Suman
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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169
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Varga JJ, Barbier M, Mulet X, Bielecki P, Bartell JA, Owings JP, Martinez-Ramos I, Hittle LE, Davis MR, Damron FH, Liechti GW, Puchałka J, dos Santos VAPM, Ernst RK, Papin JA, Albertí S, Oliver A, Goldberg JB. Genotypic and phenotypic analyses of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic bronchiectasis isolate reveal differences from cystic fibrosis and laboratory strains. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:883. [PMID: 26519161 PMCID: PMC4628258 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an environmentally ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium and important opportunistic human pathogen, causing severe chronic respiratory infections in patients with underlying conditions such as cystic fibrosis (CF) or bronchiectasis. In order to identify mechanisms responsible for adaptation during bronchiectasis infections, a bronchiectasis isolate, PAHM4, was phenotypically and genotypically characterized. Results This strain displays phenotypes that have been associated with chronic respiratory infections in CF including alginate over-production, rough lipopolysaccharide, quorum-sensing deficiency, loss of motility, decreased protease secretion, and hypermutation. Hypermutation is a key adaptation of this bacterium during the course of chronic respiratory infections and analysis indicates that PAHM4 encodes a mutated mutS gene responsible for a ~1,000-fold increase in mutation rate compared to wild-type laboratory strain P. aeruginosa PAO1. Antibiotic resistance profiles and sequence data indicate that this strain acquired numerous mutations associated with increased resistance levels to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones when compared to PAO1. Sequencing of PAHM4 revealed a 6.38 Mbp genome, 5.9 % of which were unrecognized in previously reported P. aeruginosa genome sequences. Transcriptome analysis suggests a general down-regulation of virulence factors, while metabolism of amino acids and lipids is up-regulated when compared to PAO1 and metabolic modeling identified further potential differences between PAO1 and PAHM4. Conclusions This work provides insights into the potential differential adaptation of this bacterium to the lung of patients with bronchiectasis compared to other clinical settings such as cystic fibrosis, findings that should aid the development of disease-appropriate treatment strategies for P. aeruginosa infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2069-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Varga
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis Research, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Xavier Mulet
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma, de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Piotr Bielecki
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany. .,Present address: Immunobiology Department, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Bartell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Joshua P Owings
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis Research, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | | | - Lauren E Hittle
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Michael R Davis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - F Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - George W Liechti
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Jacek Puchałka
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma, de Mallorca, Spain. .,Present address: Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Vitor A P Martins dos Santos
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands. .,Present address: Chair of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Present address: LifeGlimmer GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jason A Papin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Sebastian Albertí
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma, de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Joanna B Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis Research, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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170
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Matsumoto Y, Sugimori D. Substrate recognition mechanism of Streptomyces phospholipase D and enzymatic measurement of plasmalogen. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:372-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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171
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da Fonseca FSA, Angolini CFF, Arruda MAZ, Junior CAL, Santos CA, Saraiva AM, Pilau E, Souza AP, Laborda PR, de Oliveira PFL, de Oliveira VM, Reis FDAM, Marsaioli AJ. Identification of oxidoreductases from the petroleum Bacillus safensis strain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:152-159. [PMID: 28352585 PMCID: PMC4980753 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
A gram-positive bacterium, denominated CFA-06, was isolated from Brazilian petroleum in the Campos Basin and is responsible for the degradation of aromatic compounds and petroleum aromatic fractions. The CFA-06 strain was identified as Bacillus safensis using the 16S rRNA and gyrase B sequence. Enzymatic assays revealed the presence of two oxidoreductases: a catalase and a new oxidoreductase. The oxidoreductases were enzymatically digested and analyzed via ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The mass data revealed a novel oxidoreductase (named BsPMO) containing 224 amino acids and 89% homology with a hypothetic protein from B. safensis (CFA-06) and a catalase (named BsCat) with 491 amino acids and 60% similarity with the catalase from Bacillus pumilus (SAFR-032). The new protein BsPMO contains iron atom(s) and shows catalytic activity toward a monooxygenase fluorogenic probe in the presence of cofactors (NADH, NADPH and NAD). This study enhances our knowledge of the biodegradation process of petroleum by B. safensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine S A da Fonseca
- Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, P.B 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 39404-547 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Célio F F Angolini
- Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, P.B 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A Zezzi Arruda
- Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, P.B 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cícero A L Junior
- Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, P.B 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clelton A Santos
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-875 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio M Saraiva
- Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, P.B 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology - INMETRO, Xerém, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pilau
- Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, P.B 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anete P Souza
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-875 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Prianda R Laborda
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-875 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia F L de Oliveira
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), University of Campinas, CP 6171, CEP 13081-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Valéria M de Oliveira
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), University of Campinas, CP 6171, CEP 13081-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Anita J Marsaioli
- Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, P.B 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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172
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Tomazetto G, Hahnke S, Koeck DE, Wibberg D, Maus I, Pühler A, Klocke M, Schlüter A. Complete genome analysis of Clostridium bornimense strain M2/40(T): A new acidogenic Clostridium species isolated from a mesophilic two-phase laboratory-scale biogas reactor. J Biotechnol 2015; 232:38-49. [PMID: 26256097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Taxonomic and functional profiling based on metagenome analyses frequently revealed that members of the class Clostridia dominate biogas reactor communities and perform different essential metabolic pathways in the biogas fermentation process. Clostridium bornimense strain M2/40(T) was recently isolated from a mesophilic two-phase lab-scale biogas reactor continuously fed with maize silage and wheat straw. The genome of the strain was completely sequenced and manually annotated to reconstruct its metabolic potential regarding carbohydrate active enzyme production and fermentation of organic compounds for consolidated biofuel production from biomass. The C. bornimense M2/40(T) genome consists of a chromosome (2,917,864bp in size) containing 2613 protein coding sequences, and a 699,161bp chromid (secondary replicon) harboring 680 coding sequences. Both replicons feature very similar GC-contents of approximately 29%. The complex genome comprises three prophage regions, two CRISPR-cas systems and a putative cellulosomal gene cluster that is located on the second replicon (chromid) of the strain. The overexpressed glycosyl hydrolases (GH) CelK (GH9) and CelA (GH48) encoded in the cellulosomal gene cluster were shown to be active on the substrates xylan and xyloglucan whereas XghA (GH74) is highly active on xyloglucan. Reconstruction of fermentation pathways from genome sequence data revealed that strain M2/40(T) encodes all enzymes for hydrogen, acetate, formate, lactate, butyrate, and ethanol production, leading to the classification of the isolate as acidogenic bacterium. Phylogenetic analyses uncovered that the closest characterized relative of C. bornimense is C. cellulovorans. Comparative analyses of the C. bornimense and C. cellulovorans genomes revealed considerable rearrangements within their chromosomes suggesting that both species evolved separately for a relatively long period of time and adapted to specific tasks within microbial consortia responsible for anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geizecler Tomazetto
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sarah Hahnke
- Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniela E Koeck
- Department of Microbiology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Irena Maus
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alfred Pühler
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Klocke
- Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlüter
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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173
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Draft Genome Sequence of Burkholderia sp. Strain PML1(12), an Ectomycorrhizosphere-Inhabiting Bacterium with Effective Mineral-Weathering Ability. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015. [PMID: 26205858 PMCID: PMC4513152 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00798-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the draft genome sequence of Burkholderia sp. PML1(12), a soil bacterium isolated from the Oak-Scleroderma citrinum ectomycorrhizosphere in the experimental forest site of Breuil-Chenue (France).
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174
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The Pathway-Specific Regulator ClaR of Streptomyces clavuligerus Has a Global Effect on the Expression of Genes for Secondary Metabolism and Differentiation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:6637-48. [PMID: 26187955 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00916-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces clavuligerus claR::aph is a claR-defective mutant, but in addition to its claR defect it also carries fewer copies of the resident linear plasmids pSCL2 and pSCL4 (on the order of 4 × 10(5)-fold lower than the wild-type strain), as shown by qPCR. To determine the function of ClaR without potential interference due to plasmid copy number, a new strain, S. clavuligerus ΔclaR::aac, with claR deleted and carrying the wild-type level of plasmids, was constructed. Transcriptomic analyses were performed in S. clavuligerus ΔclaR::aac and S. clavuligerus ATCC 27064 as the control strain. The new ΔclaR mutant did not produce clavulanic acid (CA) and showed a partial expression of genes for the early steps of the CA biosynthesis pathway and a very poor expression (1 to 8%) of the genes for the late steps of the CA pathway. Genes for cephamycin C biosynthesis were weakly upregulated (1.7-fold at 22.5 h of culture) in the ΔclaR mutant, but genes for holomycin biosynthesis were expressed at levels from 3- to 572-fold higher than in the wild-type strain, supporting the observed overproduction of holomycin by S. clavuligerus ΔclaR::aac. Interestingly, three secondary metabolites produced by gene clusters SMCp20, SMCp22, and SMCp24, encoding still-cryptic compounds, had partially or totally downregulated their genes in the mutant, suggesting a regulatory role for ClaR wider than previously reported. In addition, the amfR gene was downregulated, and consequently, the mutant did not produce aerial mycelium. Expression levels of about 100 genes in the genome were partially up- or downregulated in the ΔclaR mutant, many of them related to the upregulation of the sigma factor-encoding rpoE gene.
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175
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Sharma P, Tomar SK, Sangwan V, Goswami P, Singh R. Antibiotic Resistance of Lactobacillus
sp. Isolated from Commercial Probiotic Preparations. J Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Dairy Microbiology Division; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal 132001 India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Tomar
- Dairy Microbiology Division; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal 132001 India
| | - Vikas Sangwan
- Dairy Microbiology Division; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal 132001 India
| | - Pawas Goswami
- Department of Microbiology; Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Rameshwar Singh
- Directorate of Knowledge Management; Indian Council of Agricultural Research; New Delhi India
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176
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Kumar A, Grover S, Batish VK. Exploring specific primers targeted against different genes for a multiplex PCR for detection of Listeria monocytogenes. 3 Biotech 2015; 5:261-269. [PMID: 28324291 PMCID: PMC4434410 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-014-0225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of six different sets of primers targeted against 16S rRNA and virulence genes such as ‘iap’, ‘hly’ and ‘prf’ was evaluated in separate PCR assays. The primer pairs targeted against 16S rRNA resulted into amplification of 1.2 kb PCR product. However, sets of primers targeted against different regions of ‘iap’ produced 371 and 660 bp PCR products, respectively. The primer pair targeted against ‘prf’ gene could produce 508 bp product. Three primer pairs targeted against different regions of ‘hly’, i.e., ‘hly’, ‘hly A’ and ‘hly K9’ were able to amplify 713, 276 and 384 bp products, respectively. The PCR conditions were also optimized in respect of two internal sets of primers falling within ‘iap’ and ‘hly’ genes that amplified 119 and 188 bp products to verify the PCR results obtained with respective external sets of primers. Three different combinations involving four sets of primers based on 16S rRNA, ‘iap’, ‘hly’ and ‘prf’ were explored in respective multiplex PCR assays in order to select a suitable combination. Combination 1 and 3 worked successfully as revealed by amplification of all the four bands of expected sizes on agarose gel. However, while optimizing the different parameters for developing a functional multiplex PCR, it was observed that in both these combinations, only two of the amplified products, i.e., 1.2 kb and 713 bp could be invariably detected. Hence, these two primers were combined in the multiplex PCR and the conditions were optimized for application in dairy foods for detection of Listeria monocytogenes.
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177
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Comparison of phenotypic tests for detecting penicillin G resistance with presence ofblaZgene inStaphylococcus aureusisolated from bovine intramammary infections. J DAIRY RES 2015; 82:317-21. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029915000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have described the relationship between genotypic and phenotypic methods for detecting penicillin resistance inStaphylococcus aureusisolated from bovine intramammary infection (IMI). Six phenotypic methods for penicillinase detection were compared with a genotypic method testing the presence of the β-lactamase geneblaZinStaph. aureus(n= 150) isolated from bovine IMI. Highest sensitivities and specificities were observed for disk diffusion (DD) (93 and 97·4%), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (90·3 and 97·4%), Cefinase™ (85·9 and 97·4%) and Diatabs™ (85·7 and 98·7%). The estimated cut-off points estimated in the present study can be considered close to the ones indicated by CLSI (2013). The molecular detection ofblaZgene is the only method that may indicate the real or potential capacity of producing β-lactamase inStaph. aureus. Considering that from a clinical standpoint a false negative result from a phenotypic test is the most unfavourable situation, a combination of standard DD with Diatabs™ or Cefinase™ should be performed by routine mastitis laboratories to minimise false negative results.
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178
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Pseudomonas fluorescens pirates both ferrioxamine and ferricoelichelin siderophores from Streptomyces ambofaciens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3132-41. [PMID: 25724953 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03520-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential in many biological processes. However, its bioavailability is reduced in aerobic environments, such as soil. To overcome this limitation, microorganisms have developed different strategies, such as iron chelation by siderophores. Some bacteria have even gained the ability to detect and utilize xenosiderophores, i.e., siderophores produced by other organisms. We illustrate an example of such an interaction between two soil bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain BBc6R8 and Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC 23877, which produce the siderophores pyoverdine and enantiopyochelin and the siderophores desferrioxamines B and E and coelichelin, respectively. During pairwise cultures on iron-limiting agar medium, no induction of siderophore synthesis by P. fluorescens BBc6R8 was observed in the presence of S. ambofaciens ATCC 23877. Cocultures with a Streptomyces mutant strain that produced either coelichelin or desferrioxamines, as well as culture in a medium supplemented with desferrioxamine B, resulted in the absence of pyoverdine production; however, culture with a double mutant deficient in desferrioxamines and coelichelin production did not. This strongly suggests that P. fluorescens BBbc6R8 utilizes the ferrioxamines and ferricoelichelin produced by S. ambofaciens as xenosiderophores and therefore no longer activates the production of its own siderophores. A screening of a library of P. fluorescens BBc6R8 mutants highlighted the involvement of the TonB-dependent receptor FoxA in this process: the expression of foxA and genes involved in the regulation of its biosynthesis was induced in the presence of S. ambofaciens. In a competitive environment, such as soil, siderophore piracy could well be one of the driving forces that determine the outcome of microbial competition.
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179
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Khandan Dezfully N, Gottravalli Ramanayaka J. Isolation, Identification and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Streptomyces flavogriseus, strain ACTK2 from Soil Sample of Kodagu, Karnataka State (India). Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e15107. [PMID: 25825640 PMCID: PMC4376976 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.15107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The search for novel antibiotics continues to be of immense importance in research programs around the world for pharmaceutical, industrial and agricultural applications. Filamentous soil bacteria, belonging to the Streptomyces genus, are widely used as an important biological tool for their ability to produce a wide range of novel secondary metabolites, such as “antibiotics”. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify a strain of Streptomyces with high antibiotic production capability. Materials and Methods: The soil sample was collected randomly from the agricultural land of Kushalnagar Taluk of Kodagu district, Karnataka, India. The ACTK2 strain was isolated by serial dilution method and identified based on cultural, morphological, microscopic, biochemical and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene parameters. The isolated ACTK2 was analyzed for antimicrobial activities by perpendicular streak and disc diffusion methods, against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 121), Gram-negative Escherichia. coli (MTCC 729), Enterococcus aerogenes (MTCC 2829) and filamentous fungi (Trichoderma harizianum (MTCC6046), Fusarium proliferatum (MTCC 9375). Further, an antimicrobial metabolite from the ACTK2 strain was extracted by solvent extraction method, using n-butanol. The production of the antimicrobial compound by the ACTK2 strain was optimized by using different nutritional media and cultural conditions. Results: The strain Streptomycesflavogriseus designated as ACTK2 (Accession number KC990785) isolated from the soil sample of Kushalnagar Taluk, Kodagu, Karnataka, India, exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms. The optimum growth and antimicrobial compound production by strain ACTK2 was found to be a maximal pH 8, in the shaker incubator at 28ºC, for a period of 10 days. Conclusions: The crude n-butanol extract of the ACTK2 strain of S. flavogriseus showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities against the test organisms and this opened further research investigations on purification and structural characterization of the active compounds from the crude extract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janardhana Gottravalli Ramanayaka
- Mycology and Phytopathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Karnataka, India
- Corresponding author: Janardhana G.R., Mycology and Phytopathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570006, Karnataka, India. Tel: +91-9845636998, Fax: +91-8212419759, E-mail:
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180
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Gismervik K, Aspholm M, Rørvik LM, Bruheim T, Andersen A, Skaar I. Invading slugs (Arion vulgaris) can be vectors for Listeria monocytogenes. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:809-16. [PMID: 25580873 PMCID: PMC4406148 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Listeriosis is a frequent silage-associated disease in ruminants. The slugs Arion vulgaris are invaders in gardens, vegetable crops and meadows for silage production. Field and laboratory studies were conducted to clarify whether slugs could host Listeria monocytogenes and thereby constitute a threat to animal feed safety. METHODS AND RESULTS Selective culture of L. monocytogenes from 79 pooled slug samples (710 slugs) resulted in 43% positive, 16% with mean L. monocytogenes values of 405 CFU g(-1) slug tissues. Of 62 individual slugs cultured, 11% also tested positive from surface/mucus. Multilocus sequence typing analysis of 36 isolates from different slug pools identified 20 sequence types belonging to L. monocytogenes lineages I and II. Slugs fed ≅4·0 × 10(5) CFUL. monocytogenes, excreted viable L. monocytogenes in faeces for up to 22 days. Excretion of L. monocytogenes decreased with time, although there were indications of a short enrichment period during the first 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Arion vulgaris may act as a vector for L. monocytogenes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Highly slug-contaminated grass silage may pose a potential threat to animal feed safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gismervik
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Trondheim/Oslo, Norway
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181
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Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces sp. Strain CT34, Isolated from a Ghanaian Soil Sample. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/1/e01508-14. [PMID: 25657278 PMCID: PMC4319589 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01508-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Presented here is a draft genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. strain CT34, which produces a novel ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptide (RiPP). Analysis of the deduced open reading frame set identified the putative RiPP biosynthesis gene cluster, as well as other secondary metabolite gene clusters.
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182
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Fabres-Klein MH, Caizer Santos MJ, Contelli Klein R, Nunes de Souza G, de Oliveira Barros Ribon A. An association between milk and slime increases biofilm production by bovine Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:3. [PMID: 25591667 PMCID: PMC4311514 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is associated with chronic mastitis in cattle, and disease manifestation is usually refractory to antibiotic therapy. Biofilm production is a key element of S. aureus pathogenesis and may contribute to the treatment failure that is consistently reported by veterinarians. Minas Gerais State is the largest milk-producing state in Brazil, and the characterization of bacterial isolates is an important aspect of disease control for dairy farmers. Here, we investigated the potential of S. aureus isolated from bovine mastitis to produce slime and biofilm in a skim-milk medium and classified the isolates according to their agr type. Results Slime was detected using the Congo Red agar (CRA) test in 35.18% (19/54) of the strains; however, 87.04% (47/54) of the strains were considered biofilm-positive based on crystal violet staining. Compared to TSB supplemented with 0.25% glucose, skim milk significantly increased the production of biofilm, but this effect was only observed in slime-producing strains. The bacteria belonged to agr groups I (12/54), II (34/54), III (6/54), and IV (2/54), and bacteria in agr group III were found to be stronger biofilm producers than those in groups I and II. Again, milk had a significant influence only on slime-positive agr I and II isolates, revealing an association between milk and slime. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that skim-milk medium and slime production are two factors that together influence biofilm formation by bovine strains of S. aureus. A predominance of bacteria belonging to agr group II was observed, and bacteria from agr group III showed the highest proportion of biofilm producers. The majority of bacteria characterized in this study formed biofilm in milk, which suggests that biofilm formation has an important role in the virulence of S. aureus isolated from bovine intramammary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Hellen Fabres-Klein
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Mário Junior Caizer Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Raphael Contelli Klein
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Andrea de Oliveira Barros Ribon
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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183
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Meena KK, Kumar M, Mishra S, Ojha SK, Wakchaure GC, Sarkar B. Phylogenetic study of methanol oxidizers from chilika-lake sediments using genomic and metagenomic approaches. Indian J Microbiol 2015; 55:151-62. [PMID: 25805901 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-015-0510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Group-wise diversity of sediment methylotrophs of Chilika lake (Lat. 19°28'-19°54'N; Long. 85°06'-85°35'E) Odisha, India at various identified sites was studied. Both the culturable and unculturable (metagenome) methylotrophs were investigated in the lake sediments employing both mxaF and 16S rRNA genes as markers. ARDRA profiling, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, PAGE profiling of HaeIII, EcoRI restricted mxaF gene and the mxaF gene sequences using culture-dependent approach revealed the relatedness of α-proteobacteria and Methylobacterium, Hyphomicrobium and Ancyclobacter sp. The total viable counts of the culturable aerobic methylotrophs were relatively higher in sediments near the sea mouth (S3; Panaspada), also demonstrated relatively high salinity (0.1 M NaCl) tolerance. Metagenomic DNA from the sediments, amplified using GC clamp mxaF primers and resolved through DGGE, revealed the diversity within the unculturable methylotrophic bacterium Methylobacterium organophilum, Ancyclobacter aquaticus, Burkholderiales and Hyphomicrobium sp. Culture-independent analyses revealed that up to 90 % of the methylotrophs were unculturable. The study enhances the general understandings of the metagenomic methylotrophs from such a special ecological niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh K Meena
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau Nath Bhanjan, 275 101 UP India ; National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Malegaon, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra India
| | - Manish Kumar
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau Nath Bhanjan, 275 101 UP India
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus-11, Bhubaneswar, 751024 Odisha India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Ojha
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus-11, Bhubaneswar, 751024 Odisha India
| | - Goraksha C Wakchaure
- National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, 413115 Maharashtra India
| | - Biplab Sarkar
- National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, 413115 Maharashtra India
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184
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Draft Genome Sequence of Oenococcus oeni Strain X2L (CRL1947), Isolated from Red Wine of Northwest Argentina. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/1/e01376-14. [PMID: 25555740 PMCID: PMC4293627 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01376-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the draft genome sequence of Oenococcus oeni strain X2L, a potential starter culture of malolactic fermentation, isolated from Malbec wine of Argentina. Genes encoding for enzymes involved in the metabolism of malate, citrate, and nitrogen compounds, as well as aroma compounds, were found in this genome, showing its ability to improve the sensorial characteristics of wines.
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185
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Fontana C, Cocconcelli PS, Vignolo G, Saavedra L. Occurrence of antilisterial structural bacteriocins genes in meat borne lactic acid bacteria. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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186
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Miyamoto M, Ueno HM, Watanabe M, Tatsuma Y, Seto Y, Miyamoto T, Nakajima H. Distinctive proteolytic activity of cell envelope proteinase of Lactobacillus helveticus isolated from airag, a traditional Mongolian fermented mare's milk. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 197:65-71. [PMID: 25557185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Airag is a traditional fermented milk of Mongolia that is usually made from raw mare's milk. Lactobacillus helveticus is one of the lactic acid bacteria most frequently isolated from airag. In this study, we investigated the genetic and physiological characteristics of L. helveticus strains isolated from airag and clarified their significance in airag by comparing them with strains from different sources. Six strains of L. helveticus were isolated from five home-made airag samples collected from different regions of Mongolia. The optimal temperature for acidification in skim milk was 30 to 35°C for all the Mongolian strains, which is lower than those for the reference strains (JCM 1554 and JCM 1120(T)) isolated from European cheeses. All of the strains had a prtH1-like gene encoding a variant type of cell envelope proteinase (CEP). The CEP amino acid sequence in Snow Brand Typeculture (SBT) 11087 isolated from airag shared 71% identity with PrtH of L. helveticus CNRZ32 (AAD50643.1) but 98% identity with PrtH of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens ZW3 (AEG40278.1) isolated from a traditional fermented milk in Tibet. The proteolytic activities of the CEP from SBT11087 on artificial substrate (N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-p-nitroanilide) and pure casein were measured using an intact-cell degradation assay. The activity of the CEP from SBT11087 was observed to be weak and exhibited a lower optimal temperature (40°C) than those from the reference strains (45-50°C). The specificity of the SBT11087 CEP for αS1-casein was typical of the CEPs previously reported in L. helveticus, as determined through the degradation profiles obtained through gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analyses. In contrast, the degradation profile of β-casein revealed that the CEP of SBT11087 primarily hydrolyzes its C-terminal domain and hydrolyzed nine of the 16 cleavage sites shared among the CEPs of other L. helveticus strains. Thus, the CEP of SBT11087 is distinct from those from previously reported L. helveticus strains in terms of its optimal temperature and its degradation of β-casein. Therefore, the Mongolian L. helveticus strains differ from other strains of the species in different collections and are specifically suited for the natural lactic acid bacterial population in airag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Miyamoto
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Minamidai 1-1-2, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Hiroshi M Ueno
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Minamidai 1-1-2, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Minamidai 1-1-2, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Yumi Tatsuma
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Minamidai 1-1-2, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Minamidai 1-1-2, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Taku Miyamoto
- Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushimanaka 3-1, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hadjime Nakajima
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Minamidai 1-1-2, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1165, Japan.
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187
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Autochthonous starter culture selection to keep traditions in the manufacture of dry sausages alive. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-1010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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188
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Zarparvar P, Amoozegar MA, Nikou MM, Schumann P, Ventosa A. Salinithrix halophila gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium in the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:4115-4119. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.064766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A halophilic actinomycete, strain R4S8T, was isolated from soil of Inche-Broun hypersaline wetland in the north of Iran. The isolate grew aerobically at temperatures of 30–50 °C (optimum 40 °C), pH 6–10 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of 1–15 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3–5 %). It formed short and straight to moderately flexuous aerial mycelium without motile elements. The cell wall of strain R4S8T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid without any diagnostic sugars. The polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine two unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminophospholipid. It synthesized anteiso-C15 : 0 (44.8 %), iso-C15 : 0 (28.8 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (8.5 %) as major fatty acids. MK-6 was the predominant respiratory quinone. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 52.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain R4S8T belongs to the family
Thermoactinomycetaceae
and showed the closest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with
Desmospora activa
IMMIB L-1269T (95.5 %) and
Marininema mesophilum
SCSIO 10219T (95.3 %). On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics, strain R4S8T represents a novel species in a new genus within the family
Thermoactinomycetaceae
, for which the name Salinithrix halophila gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is R4S8T ( = IBRC-M 10813T = CECT 8506T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Zarparvar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Peter Schumann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Antonio Ventosa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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189
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Asam D, Mauerer S, Spellerberg B. Streptolysin S of Streptococcus anginosus exhibits broad-range hemolytic activity. Med Microbiol Immunol 2014; 204:227-37. [PMID: 25381594 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-014-0363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus anginosus is a commensal of mucous membranes and an emerging human pathogen. Some strains, including the type strain, display a prominent β-hemolytic phenotype. A gene cluster (sag), encoding a variant of streptolysin S (SLS) has recently been identified as the genetic background for β-hemolysin production in S. anginosus. In this study, we further characterized the hemolytic and cytolytic activity of the S. anginosus hemolysin in comparison with other streptococcal hemolysins. The results indicate that SLS of S. anginosus is a broad-range hemolysin able to lyse erythrocytes of different species, including horse, bovine, rabbit and even chicken. The hemolytic activity is temperature dependent, and a down-regulation of the hemolysin expression is induced in the presence of high glucose levels. Survival assays indicate that in contrast to other streptococcal species, S. anginosus does not require SLS for survival in the presence of human granulocytes. Cross-complementation studies using the sagB and sagD genes of Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis demonstrated functional similarities to the S. anginosus SLS. Nevertheless, distinct differences to other streptolysin S variants were noted and provide further insights into the molecular mechanisms of SLS pathogen host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Asam
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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190
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Kim JH, Rhim SR, Kim KT, Paik HD, Lee JY. Simultaneous Detection of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus in Low-fatted Milk by Multiplex PCR. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2014; 34:717-23. [PMID: 26761507 PMCID: PMC4662235 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2014.34.5.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and specific PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus in foods was developed to reduce the detection time and to increase sensitivity. Multiplex PCR developed in this study produced only actA, fliC, hbl, invA, ileS amplicons, but did not produce any non-specific amplicon. The primer sets successfully amplified the target genes in the multiplex PCR without any non-specific or additional bands on the other strains. The multiplex PCR assays also amplified some target genes from five pathogens, and multiplex amplification was obtained from as little as 1 pg of DNA. According to the results from the sensitivity evaluation, the multiplex PCR developed in this study detected 10 cells/mL of the pathogens inoculated in milk samples, respectively. The results suggested that multiplex PCR was an effective assay demonstrating high specificity for the simultaneous detection of five target pathogens in food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Seong-Ryul Rhim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Kee-Tae Kim
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Korea Livestock Products HACCP Accreditation Service, Anyang 430-731, Korea
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191
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Streptomyces ferrugineus sp. nov., isolated from mangrove soil in Thailand. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 107:39-45. [PMID: 25331336 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-014-0301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial strain HV38(T) was isolated from mangrove soil, which was collected from Thailand. Chemotaxonomic and morphological characteristics were found to be typical of members of the genus Streptomyces. The strain was found to form a distinct phyletic line in the Streptomyces 16S rRNA gene tree and to be closely associated with the type strains of Streptomyces coeruleofuscus CGMCC 4.1667(T) (98.84 % sequence similarity), Streptomyces chromofuscus CGMCC 4.1451(T) (98.63 %) and Streptomyces albidoflavus CGMCC 4.1291(T) (98.56 %). The major menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H10). Its major cellular fatty acids were found to be iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:1ω8c, C16:0, anteiso-C16:1ω8c, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C16:0. The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain HV38(T) with S. coeruleofuscus CGMCC 4.1667(T), S. chromofuscus CGMCC 4.1451(T) and S. albidoflavus CGMCC 4.1291(T) were 32.7 ± 0.9, 21.8 ± 0.3 and 19.9 ± 0.9 %, respectively, which clearly supported the conclusion that they belong to separate genomic species. Cumulatively, the data indicated that strain HV38(T) represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces ferrugineus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HV38(T) (=CCTCC AA2014009(T )= DSM 42152(T)).
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192
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Leccese Terraf MC, Mendoza LM, Juárez Tomás MS, Silva C, Nader-Macías MEF. Phenotypic surface properties (aggregation, adhesion and biofilm formation) and presence of related genes in beneficial vaginal lactobacilli. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1761-72. [PMID: 25195810 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the phenotypic expression of auto-aggregation, adhesion to mucin and biofilm formation of lactobacilli isolated from human vagina and the presence of related genes. METHODS AND RESULTS Seven different strains of three Lactobacillus species (Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus reuteri) were evaluated. The auto-aggregation property was determined by spectrophotometric assay and flow cytometry. Adhesion and biofilm formation were assayed by crystal violet staining. The presence of the genes encoding sortases, pilin subunits and surface proteins was evaluated by polymerase chain reactions. The two Lact. reuteri strains assayed showed high auto-aggregation, adhesion to mucin and biofilm formation ability. In these strains, the genes encoding three adhesion proteins were identified. In Lact. rhamnosus CRL (Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos Culture Collection) 1332, pilus-encoding genes were detected. In all Lact. rhamnosus strains assayed, two genes encoding for other surface proteins related to adhesion and biofilm formation were detected. CONCLUSIONS The vaginal lactobacilli assayed exhibited phenotypic and genetic characteristics that were specific for each strain. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first study on auto-aggregation, adhesion and biofilm formation of vaginal Lactobacillus strains by phenotypic and genetic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Leccese Terraf
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
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193
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Efficient biotransformation of polysialogangliosides for preparation of GM1 by Cellulosimicrobium sp. 21. Molecules 2014; 19:16001-12. [PMID: 25299818 PMCID: PMC6271061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new ganglioside transformed strain isolated from soil was identified as Cellulosimicrobium sp. 21. It produced a sialidase which transformed polysialo-gangliosides GD1 and GT1 into a monosialoterahexosylganglioside, i.e., ganglioside GM1. The sialidase had both NeuAc-α-2,3- and NeuAc-α-2,8-sialidase activity without producing asiolo-GM1. The optimum conditions were evaluated and it was found that the transformation was optimally performed at 30 °C and pH 7.0. The substrate should be added at the beginning of the reaction and the concentration of substrate was 3% (w/v). Under these optimum conditions, Cellulosimicrobium sp. 21 converted GD1 and GT1 into GM1 in inorganic medium in a 5 L bioreactor with the recovery rate of 69.3%. The product contained 50.3% GM1 and was purified on silica to give the product with 95% of GM1 with a recovery rate of 30.5%. Therefore, Cellulosimicrobium sp. 21 has potential to be applied in the production of GM1 in the pharmaceutical industry.
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194
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Varshney JB, Very KJ, Williams JL, Hegarty JP, Stewart DB, Lumadue J, Venkitanarayanan K, Jayarao BM. Characterization ofClostridium difficileIsolates from Human Fecal Samples and Retail Meat from Pennsylvania. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:822-9. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotika B. Varshney
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine J. Very
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Jen L. Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - John P. Hegarty
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - David B. Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeanne Lumadue
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Bhushan M. Jayarao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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195
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Kasperowicz A, Stan-Głasek K, Kowalik B, Vandzurova A, Pristas P, Pająk J, Kwiatkowska E, Michałowski T. Effect of dietary fructose polymers or sucrose on microbial fermentation, enzyme activity, ciliate concentration and diversity of bacterial flora in the rumen of rams. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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196
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Selection of indigenous lactic acid bacteria to reinforce the intestinal microbiota of newly hatched chicken – relevance of in vitro and ex vivo methods for strains characterization. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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197
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Amelioration of colitis in mouse model by exploring antioxidative potentials of an indigenous probiotic strain of Lactobacillus fermentum Lf1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:206732. [PMID: 25061603 PMCID: PMC4100452 DOI: 10.1155/2014/206732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on the preliminary screening of eight indigenous putative probiotic Lactobacilli, Lactobacillus fermentum Lf1 was selected for assessing its antioxidative efficacy in DSS colitis mouse model based on its ability to enhance the expression of “Nrf2” by 6.43-fold and malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibition by 78.1 ± 0.24% in HT-29 cells under H2O2 stress. The Disease Activity Index and histological scores of Lf1-treated mice were lower than the control group. However, expression of “Nrf2” was not observed in Lf1-treated mice. A significant increase in the expression of antioxidative enzymes such as SOD2 and TrxR-1 was recorded in both of the groups. The expression of SOD2 was significantly downregulated in colitis-induced mice by −100.00-fold relative to control group, and the downregulation was considerably reduced to −37.04-fold in colitis Lf1 treatment group. Almost, a similar trend was recorded in case of “thioredoxin” expression, though “CAT” was refractile to expression. The Lf1-treated group had decreased malondialdehyde level as compared to colitis control (37.92 ± 6.31 versus 91.13 ± 5.76 μM/g). These results point towards Lf1-induced activation of the antioxidant enzyme system in the mouse model and its prospects to be explored as a new strategy for IBD management.
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198
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Diversity and phylogenetic profiling of niche-specific Bacilli from extreme environments of India. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0897-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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199
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Hypermotility in Clostridium perfringens strain SM101 is due to spontaneous mutations in genes linked to cell division. J Bacteriol 2014; 196:2405-12. [PMID: 24748614 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01614-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive anaerobic pathogen of humans and animals. Although they lack flagella, C. perfringens bacteria can still migrate across surfaces using a type of gliding motility that involves the formation of filaments of bacteria lined up in an end-to-end conformation. In strain SM101, hypermotile variants are often found arising from the edges of colonies on agar plates. Hypermotile cells are longer than wild-type cells, and video microscopy of their gliding motility suggests that they form long, thin filaments that move rapidly away from a colony, analogously to swarmer cells in bacteria with flagella. To identify the cause(s) of the hypermotility phenotype, the genome sequences of normal strains and their direct hypermotile derivatives were determined and compared. Strains SM124 and SM127, hypermotile derivatives of strains SM101 and SM102, respectively, contained 10 and 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) relative to their parent strains. While SNPs were located in different genes in the two sets of strains, one feature in common was mutations in cell division genes, an ftsI homolog in strain SM124 (CPR_1831) and a minE homolog in strain SM127 (CPR_2104). Complementation of these mutations with wild-type copies of each gene restored the normal motility phenotype. A model explaining the principles underlying the hypermotility phenotype is presented.
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200
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Kumar A, Grover S, Batish VK. A multiplex PCR assay based on 16S rRNA and hly for rapid detection of L. monocytogenes in Milk. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-014-9176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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