151
|
St Jacques PL, Grady C, Davidson PSR, Chow TW. Emotional evaluation and memory in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Neurocase 2015; 21:429-37. [PMID: 24837244 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2014.917681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) affects emotional evaluation, but less is known regarding the patients' ability to remember emotional stimuli. Here, bvFTD patients and age-matched controls studied positive, negative, and neutral pictures followed by a recognition memory test. Compared to controls, bvFTD patients showed a reduction in emotional evaluation of negative scenes, but not of positive or neutral scenes. Additionally, the patients showed an overall reduction in recognition memory accuracy, due to impaired recollection in the face of relatively preserved familiarity. These results show that bvFTD reduces the emotional evaluation of negative scenes and impairs overall recognition memory accuracy and recollection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peggy L St Jacques
- a Department of Psychology , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA 02138 , USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
152
|
Parsing cognitive and emotional empathy deficits for negative and positive stimuli in frontotemporal dementia. Neuropsychologia 2015; 67:14-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
153
|
Raitano S, Ordovàs L, De Muynck L, Guo W, Espuny-Camacho I, Geraerts M, Khurana S, Vanuytsel K, Tóth BI, Voets T, Vandenberghe R, Cathomen T, Van Den Bosch L, Vanderhaeghen P, Van Damme P, Verfaillie CM. Restoration of progranulin expression rescues cortical neuron generation in an induced pluripotent stem cell model of frontotemporal dementia. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 4:16-24. [PMID: 25556567 PMCID: PMC4297877 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how haploinsufficiency of progranulin (PGRN) causes frontotemporal dementia (FTD), we created induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients carrying the GRNIVS1+5G > C mutation (FTD-iPSCs). FTD-iPSCs were fated to cortical neurons, the cells most affected in FTD. Although generation of neuroprogenitors was unaffected, their further differentiation into CTIP2-, FOXP2-, or TBR1-TUJ1 double-positive cortical neurons, but not motorneurons, was significantly decreased in FTD-neural progeny. Zinc finger nuclease-mediated introduction of GRN cDNA into the AAVS1 locus corrected defects in cortical neurogenesis, demonstrating that PGRN haploinsufficiency causes inefficient cortical neuron generation. RNA sequencing analysis confirmed reversal of the altered gene expression profile following genetic correction. We identified the Wnt signaling pathway as one of the top defective pathways in FTD-iPSC-derived neurons, which was reversed following genetic correction. Differentiation of FTD-iPSCs in the presence of a WNT inhibitor mitigated defective corticogenesis. Therefore, we demonstrate that PGRN haploinsufficiency hampers corticogenesis in vitro. In vitro generation of cortical neurons from PGRN deficient FTD-iPSC is inefficient Incorporation of GRN cDNA via ZFN technology rescues cortical neurons generation WNT signaling may also play a major role in the defects observed
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Raitano
- Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Ordovàs
- Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Louis De Muynck
- Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Research Group Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB Vesalius Research Center, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wenting Guo
- Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Research Group Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB Vesalius Research Center, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ira Espuny-Camacho
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), ULB, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martine Geraerts
- Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Satish Khurana
- Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim Vanuytsel
- Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Balazs I Tóth
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Voets
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Research Group Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Research Group Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB Vesalius Research Center, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pierre Vanderhaeghen
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), ULB, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Research Group Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB Vesalius Research Center, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine M Verfaillie
- Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Haapasalo A, Remes AM. Genetic and Molecular Aspects of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-014-0063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
155
|
Barsuglia JP, Kaiser NC, Wilkins SS, Karve SJ, Barrows RJ, Paholpak P, Panchal HV, Jimenez EE, Mather MJ, Mendez MF. A scale of socioemotional dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014; 29:793-805. [PMID: 25331776 PMCID: PMC4296158 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early social dysfunction is a hallmark symptom of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD); however, validated measures for assessing social deficits in dementia are needed. The purpose of the current study was to examine the utility of a novel informant-based measure of social impairment, the Socioemotional Dysfunction Scale (SDS) in early-onset dementia. Sixteen bvFTD and 18 early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) participants received standard clinical neuropsychological measures and neuroimaging. Caregiver informants were administered the SDS. Individuals with bvFTD exhibited greater social dysfunction on the SDS compared with the EOAD group; t(32) = 6.32, p < .001. The scale demonstrated preliminary evidence for discriminating these frequently misdiagnosed groups (area under the curve = 0.920, p = <.001) and internal consistency α = 0.977. The SDS demonstrated initial evidence as an effective measure for detecting abnormal social behavior and discriminating bvFTD from EOAD. Future validation is recommended in larger and more diverse patient groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Barsuglia
- V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalie C Kaiser
- V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stacy Schantz Wilkins
- V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simantini J Karve
- V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robin J Barrows
- V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pongsatorn Paholpak
- V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Elvira E Jimenez
- V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michelle J Mather
- V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mario F Mendez
- V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Gascon E, Lynch K, Ruan H, Almeida S, Verheyden J, Seeley WW, Dickson DW, Petrucelli L, Sun D, Jiao J, Zhou H, Jakovcevski M, Akbarian S, Yao WD, Gao FB. Alterations in microRNA-124 and AMPA receptors contribute to social behavioral deficits in frontotemporal dementia. Nat Med 2014; 20:1444-51. [PMID: 25401692 PMCID: PMC4257887 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD), are often associated with behavioral deficits, but the underlying anatomical and molecular causes remain poorly understood. Here we show that forebrain-specific expression of FTD-associated mutant CHMP2B in mice causes several age-dependent neurodegenerative phenotypes, including social behavioral impairments. The social deficits were accompanied by a change in AMPA receptor (AMPAR) composition, leading to an imbalance between Ca(2+)-permeable and Ca(2+)-impermeable AMPARs. Expression of most AMPAR subunits was regulated by the brain-enriched microRNA miR-124, whose abundance was markedly decreased in the superficial layers of the cerebral cortex of mice expressing the mutant CHMP2B. We found similar changes in miR-124 and AMPAR levels in the frontal cortex and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from subjects with behavioral variant FTD. Moreover, ectopic miR-124 expression in the medial prefrontal cortex of mutant mice decreased AMPAR levels and partially rescued behavioral deficits. Knockdown of the AMPAR subunit Gria2 also alleviated social impairments. Our results identify a previously undescribed mechanism involving miR-124 and AMPARs in regulating social behavior in FTD and suggest a potential therapeutic avenue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Gascon
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605 USA
| | - Kelleen Lynch
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605 USA
| | - Hongyu Ruan
- Division of Neurosciences, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA, 01772 USA
| | - Sandra Almeida
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605 USA
| | - Jamie Verheyden
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - William W. Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dennis W. Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Danqiong Sun
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Jian Jiao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Hongru Zhou
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605 USA
| | - Mira Jakovcevski
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
| | - Wei-Dong Yao
- Division of Neurosciences, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA, 01772 USA
| | - Fen-Biao Gao
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605 USA
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Alves J, Petrosyan A, Magalhães R. Olfactory dysfunction in dementia. World J Clin Cases 2014; 2:661-667. [PMID: 25405189 PMCID: PMC4233420 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v2.i11.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural aging process brings about some inevitable consequences, such as olfactory dysfunction, which is also frequently linked to numerous neurodegenerative disorders. Many age-related dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Vascular dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and Frontotemporal Dementia often display olfactory dysfunction. Despite the overwhelming evidence of above mentioned facts, the symptomatic relevance and potential clinical and pre-clinical value of olfactory dysfunction remains overlooked by many clinicians and public alike. Olfactory dysfunction has strong practical implications on daily activities and, although not as prominent as in other mammals, olfaction is still an evolutionarily relevant sense involved in human survival (e.g., smelling gas; bad food). In this work, we provide a brief review of current research related to the olfactory dysfunction profiles in different types of dementia. Additionally, we present a compilation of accessible, easy to use olfaction assessment tools; and highlight future directions in terms of improving clinical diagnosis in patient care and research.
Collapse
|
158
|
Bertoux M, Volle E, de Souza LC, Funkiewiez A, Dubois B, Habert MO. Neural correlates of the mini-SEA (Social cognition and Emotional Assessment) in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Brain Imaging Behav 2014; 8:1-6. [PMID: 24078043 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-013-9261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease, its diagnosis remains particularly challenging today. This is particularly true for the behavioral variant (bvFTD), the most common phenotype of FTD, which is characterised by dramatic changes in personal and social conduct. Novel clinical cognitive tests have been recently proposed to diagnose and assess these patients. Among them, the mini-SEA (Social cognition & Emotional Assessment) has shown promising results. This quick clinical tool evaluates emotion recognition and theory of mind deficits, both recognized as hallmark features of bvFTD. In this study, we investigated the neural correlates of the mini-SEA in twenty bvFTD patients, using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and focusing on the mPFC. Results showed that detection of faux pas during a theory of mind evaluation was related to rostral mPFC perfusion (BA 10) while recognition of emotion involved more dorsal regions within the mPFC (BA 9). As significant and early dysfunction of the mPFC has been extensively described in bvFTD, this study supports the use of the mini-SEA in evaluation and diagnosis purposes in bvFTD.
Collapse
|
159
|
Liguori C, Romigi A, Mercuri NB, Nuccetelli M, Izzi F, Albanese M, Sancesario G, Martorana A, Sancesario GM, Bernardini S, Marciani MG, Placidi F. Cerebrospinal-fluid orexin levels and daytime somnolence in frontotemporal dementia. J Neurol 2014; 261:1832-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
160
|
Shindo A, Ueda Y, Kuzuhara S, Kokubo Y. Neuropsychological study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia complex in Kii peninsula, Japan. BMC Neurol 2014; 14:151. [PMID: 25041813 PMCID: PMC4107997 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-14-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Kii peninsula of Japan is one of the foci of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS/PDC) in the world. The purpose of this study is to clarify the neuropsychological features of the patients with ALS/PDC of the Kii peninsula (Kii ALS/PDC). METHODS The medical interview was done on 13 patients with Kii ALS/PDC, 12 patients with Alzheimer's disease, 10 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy, 10 patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration and 10 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. These patients and their carer/spouse were asked to report any history of abulia-apathy, hallucination, personality change and other variety of symptoms. Patients also underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and neuropsychological tests comprising the Mini Mental State Examination, Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices, verbal fluency, and Paired-Associate Word Learning Test and some of them were assessed with the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). RESULTS All patients with Kii ALS/PDC had cognitive dysfunction including abulia-apathy, bradyphrenia, hallucination, decrease of extraversion, disorientation, and delayed reaction time. Brain MRI showed atrophy of the frontal and/or temporal lobes, and SPECT revealed a decrease in cerebral blood flow of the frontal and/or temporal lobes in all patients with Kii ALS/PDC. Disorientation, difficulty in word recall, delayed reaction time, and low FAB score were recognized in Kii ALS/PDC patients with cognitive dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS The core neuropsychological features of the patients with Kii ALS/PDC were characterized by marked abulia-apathy, bradyphrenia, and hallucination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yasumasa Kokubo
- Kii ALS/PDC Research Center, Mie University, Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Is the emotion recognition deficit associated with frontotemporal dementia caused by selective inattention to diagnostic facial features? Neuropsychologia 2014; 60:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
162
|
Castrillo Sanz A, Guerrero Becerra P, Duarte García Luis J. The clinical spectrum of frontotemporal dementia: A case of rapidly progressive dementia. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
163
|
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used to investigate the white matter (WM) tracts underlying the perisylvian cortical regions known to be associated with language function. The arcuate fasciculus is composed of 3 segments (1 long and 2 short) whose separate functions correlate with traditional models of conductive and transcortical motor or sensory aphasia, respectively. DTI mapping of language fibers is useful in presurgical planning for patients with dominant hemisphere tumors, particularly when combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging. DTI has found damage to language networks in stroke patients and has the potential to influence poststroke rehabilitation and treatment. Assessment of the WM tracts involved in the default mode network has been found to correlate with mild cognitive impairment, potentially explaining language deficits in patients with apparently mild small vessel ischemic disease. Different patterns of involvement of language-related WM structures appear to correlate with different clinical subtypes of primary progressive aphasias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Smits
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Lize C Jiskoot
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janne M Papma
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Tustison NJ, Cook PA, Klein A, Song G, Das SR, Duda JT, Kandel BM, van Strien N, Stone JR, Gee JC, Avants BB. Large-scale evaluation of ANTs and FreeSurfer cortical thickness measurements. Neuroimage 2014; 99:166-79. [PMID: 24879923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies of the human brain have explored the relationship between cortical thickness and cognition, phenotype, or disease. Due to the subjectivity and time requirements in manual measurement of cortical thickness, scientists have relied on robust software tools for automation which facilitate the testing and refinement of neuroscientific hypotheses. The most widely used tool for cortical thickness studies is the publicly available, surface-based FreeSurfer package. Critical to the adoption of such tools is a demonstration of their reproducibility, validity, and the documentation of specific implementations that are robust across large, diverse imaging datasets. To this end, we have developed the automated, volume-based Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs) cortical thickness pipeline comprising well-vetted components such as SyGN (multivariate template construction), SyN (image registration), N4 (bias correction), Atropos (n-tissue segmentation), and DiReCT (cortical thickness estimation). In this work, we have conducted the largest evaluation of automated cortical thickness measures in publicly available data, comparing FreeSurfer and ANTs measures computed on 1205 images from four open data sets (IXI, MMRR, NKI, and OASIS), with parcellation based on the recently proposed Desikan-Killiany-Tourville (DKT) cortical labeling protocol. We found good scan-rescan repeatability with both FreeSurfer and ANTs measures. Given that such assessments of precision do not necessarily reflect accuracy or an ability to make statistical inferences, we further tested the neurobiological validity of these approaches by evaluating thickness-based prediction of age and gender. ANTs is shown to have a higher predictive performance than FreeSurfer for both of these measures. In promotion of open science, we make all of our scripts, data, and results publicly available which complements the use of open image data sets and the open source availability of the proposed ANTs cortical thickness pipeline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Tustison
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Philip A Cook
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Gang Song
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sandhitsu R Das
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Duda
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Kandel
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Niels van Strien
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - James R Stone
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - James C Gee
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian B Avants
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
|
166
|
Reverberi C, Cherubini P, Baldinelli S, Luzzi S. Semantic fluency: Cognitive basis and diagnostic performance in focal dementias and Alzheimer's disease. Cortex 2014; 54:150-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
167
|
Nilsson C, Landqvist Waldö M, Nilsson K, Santillo A, Vestberg S. Age-related incidence and family history in frontotemporal dementia: data from the Swedish Dementia Registry. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94901. [PMID: 24722237 PMCID: PMC3983262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is considered to be a mainly early-onset neurodegenerative disorder with a strong hereditary component. The aim of the study was to investigate age-related incidence and family history in FTD compared to other dementia disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods The Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem) registers all new cases of dementia diagnosed by the participating centres, including data on demographics, diagnosis, and investigations used. Data for the period 2008–2011 were extracted and compared with age-related population data on a regional and national level. Results There were 20 305 patients registered in SveDem during 2008–2011, whereof 352 received a diagnosis of FTD. Mean age at diagnosis for FTD was 69.6 years and almost 70% of FTD cases were 65 years or older at the time of diagnosis. Both FTD and AD showed an increased incidence with age, which reached a maximum in the age group 80–84 years at 6.04 and 202 cases per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The proportion of cases with a positive family history was significantly lower in FTD than in AD. Conclusions Contrary to general opinion within the field, data from SveDem show that the incidence of FTD increases with age, and that the majority of cases are diagnosed after the age of 65 years. In addition, data from SveDem might suggest that the importance of hereditary factors in general is similar in FTD and AD. The recognition of these findings has important consequences for the diagnosis, treatment and care of patients with FTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christer Nilsson
- Department of Memory Disorders, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Landqvist Waldö
- Department of Memory Disorders, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Geriatric Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Nilsson
- Department of Memory Disorders, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Geriatric Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander Santillo
- Department of Memory Disorders, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Susanna Vestberg
- Geriatric Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Akimoto C, Volk AE, van Blitterswijk M, Van den Broeck M, Leblond CS, Lumbroso S, Camu W, Neitzel B, Onodera O, van Rheenen W, Pinto S, Weber M, Smith B, Proven M, Talbot K, Keagle P, Chesi A, Ratti A, van der Zee J, Alstermark H, Birve A, Calini D, Nordin A, Tradowsky DC, Just W, Daoud H, Angerbauer S, DeJesus-Hernandez M, Konno T, Lloyd-Jani A, de Carvalho M, Mouzat K, Landers JE, Veldink JH, Silani V, Gitler AD, Shaw CE, Rouleau GA, van den Berg LH, Van Broeckhoven C, Rademakers R, Andersen PM, Kubisch C. A blinded international study on the reliability of genetic testing for GGGGCC-repeat expansions in C9orf72 reveals marked differences in results among 14 laboratories. J Med Genet 2014; 51:419-24. [PMID: 24706941 PMCID: PMC4033024 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The GGGGCC-repeat expansion in C9orf72 is the most frequent mutation found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Most of the studies on C9orf72 have relied on repeat-primed PCR (RP-PCR) methods for detection of the expansions. To investigate the inherent limitations of this technique, we compared methods and results of 14 laboratories. Methods The 14 laboratories genotyped DNA from 78 individuals (diagnosed with ALS or FTD) in a blinded fashion. Eleven laboratories used a combination of amplicon-length analysis and RP-PCR, whereas three laboratories used RP-PCR alone; Southern blotting techniques were used as a reference. Results Using PCR-based techniques, 5 of the 14 laboratories got results in full accordance with the Southern blotting results. Only 50 of the 78 DNA samples got the same genotype result in all 14 laboratories. There was a high degree of false positive and false negative results, and at least one sample could not be genotyped at all in 9 of the 14 laboratories. The mean sensitivity of a combination of amplicon-length analysis and RP-PCR was 95.0% (73.9–100%), and the mean specificity was 98.0% (87.5–100%). Overall, a sensitivity and specificity of more than 95% was observed in only seven laboratories. Conclusions Because of the wide range seen in genotyping results, we recommend using a combination of amplicon-length analysis and RP-PCR as a minimum in a research setting. We propose that Southern blotting techniques should be the gold standard, and be made obligatory in a clinical diagnostic setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chizuru Akimoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Marleen Van den Broeck
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, University of Antwerp-CDE, Antwerp, Belgium Diagnostic Service Facility, Laboratory of neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Claire S Leblond
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serge Lumbroso
- Department of Biochemistry, Nimes University Hospital, Nimes Cedex 9, France
| | - William Camu
- Center SLA, Montpellier University Hospital, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Pinto
- Faculty of Medicine-University of Lisbon, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Alameda Universidade, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Markus Weber
- Department of neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen and University Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bradley Smith
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Melanie Proven
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, England
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Pamela Keagle
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Universtà degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, , Milan, Italy
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, University of Antwerp-CDE, Antwerp, Belgium Diagnostic Service Facility, Laboratory of neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Helena Alstermark
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Birve
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniela Calini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Universtà degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, , Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Nordin
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Walter Just
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hussein Daoud
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Takuya Konno
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Anjali Lloyd-Jani
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, England
| | - Mamede de Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine-University of Lisbon, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Alameda Universidade, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kevin Mouzat
- Department of Biochemistry, Nimes University Hospital, Nimes Cedex 9, France
| | - John E Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Universtà degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, , Milan, Italy
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, University of Antwerp-CDE, Antwerp, Belgium Diagnostic Service Facility, Laboratory of neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, University of Antwerp-CDE, Antwerp, Belgium Diagnostic Service Facility, Laboratory of neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Nimes University Hospital, Nimes Cedex 9, France Center SLA, Montpellier University Hospital, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier Cedex 5, France Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, München, Germany Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Faculty of Medicine-University of Lisbon, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Alameda Universidade, Lisbon, Portugal Department of neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen and University Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and King's Health Partners, London, UK Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, England Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe hospital, Oxford, UK Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Universtà degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, , Milan, Italy Department of Neurology, University of Ulm
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
169
|
A meta-analytic review of theory of mind difficulties in behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia. Neuropsychologia 2014; 56:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
170
|
Nardell M, Tampi RR. Pharmacological treatments for frontotemporal dementias: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2014; 29:123-32. [PMID: 24164931 PMCID: PMC10852735 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513507375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to summarize the current data on the pharmacological treatments for frontotemporal dementias from randomized controlled trials. A systematic search of 4 major databases, PubMed, Medline, PsychINFO and Cochrane, found a total of 9 randomized controlled, double-blinded clinical trials. Of these, 2 trials used the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), paroxetine; 1 trial used trazodone; 2 trials used stimulants (methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine); 1 trial used the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, galantamine; 2 trials used the N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist, memantine; and 1 trial used the neuropeptide oxytocin. The analysis of the available data indicates that SSRIs, trazodone, and the amphetamines may be effective in reducing some behavioral symptoms, but none of these medications had an impact on cognition. Available data indicate that these medications were well tolerated in all the trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nardell
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rajesh R. Tampi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Gascon E, Gao FB. The emerging roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FTD-ALS) spectrum disorders. J Neurogenet 2014; 28:30-40. [PMID: 24506814 DOI: 10.3109/01677063.2013.876021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) share some clinical, pathological, and molecular features as part of a common neurodegenerative spectrum disorder. In recent years, enormous progress has been made in identifying both pathological proteins and genetic mutations associated with FTD-ALS. However, the molecular pathogenic mechanisms of disease onset and progression remain largely unknown. Recent studies have uncovered unexpected links between FTD-ALS and multiple aspects of RNA metabolism, setting the stage for further understanding of the disorder. Here, the authors will focus on microRNAs and review the emerging roles of these small RNAs in several aspects of FTD-ALS pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Gascon
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
172
|
Fonseca L, Machado Á. Suicidal behaviour in frontotemporal dementia patients--a retrospective study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 29:217-8. [PMID: 24408733 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Fonseca
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Neurosciences, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, Braga, Portugal.
| | | |
Collapse
|
173
|
Abstract
Semantic dementia is characterized by fluent, phonologically adequate speech with
various anomias and semantic paraphasias. Performance on semantic tasks is well
documented in these patients, although little is known regarding performance on
more complex language tasks, such as those involving non-literal language
(interpretation of metaphors and proverbs and recognition of irony).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ribeiro Hur
- Speech and Hearing Therapist, Master's Student in Health Sciences at the Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia GO, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Caixeta
- Medical Doctor, PhD, Assistant Professor of Neuropsychiatry of the School of Medicine of the Federal University of Goiás, UFG, Coordinator of the Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit of the Clinicas Hospital of the UFG, Goiânia GO, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Herbert MK, Aerts MB, Kuiperij HB, Claassen JAHR, Spies PE, Esselink RAJ, Bloem BR, Verbeek MM. Addition of MHPG to Alzheimer's disease biomarkers improves differentiation of dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease but not other dementias. Alzheimers Dement 2013; 10:448-455.e2. [PMID: 24239248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overlapping clinical features make it difficult to distinguish dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementia types. In this study we aimed to determine whether the combination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), total tau protein (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau), in combination with 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG), could be useful in discriminating DLB from vascular dementia (VaD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), as we previously demonstrated for differentiation of DLB from AD. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed concentrations of MHPG, Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau in CSF in patients with DLB, AD, VaD, and FTD. Using previously developed multivariate logistic regression models we assessed the diagnostic value of these CSF parameters. RESULTS The currently used combination of Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau yielded a sensitivity of 61.9% and a specificity of 91.7% for the discrimination between DLB and AD, but could not discriminate between DLB and VaD or FTD. The addition of MHPG to Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau improves the discrimination of DLB from AD, yielding a sensitivity of 65.1% and specificity of 100%, but could not distinguish DLB from other forms of dementia. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm in a separate patient cohort that addition of MHPG to Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau improves the discrimination of DLB from AD but not the differentiation of DLB from VaD or FTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Herbert
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein B Aerts
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Bea Kuiperij
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Petra E Spies
- Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne A J Esselink
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
The neurotrophic properties of progranulin depend on the granulin E domain but do not require sortilin binding. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2541-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
176
|
Bertolin C, D'Ascenzo C, Querin G, Gaiani A, Boaretto F, Salvoro C, Vazza G, Angelini C, Cagnin A, Pegoraro E, Sorarù G, Mostacciuolo ML. Improving the knowledge of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genetics: novel SOD1 and FUS variants. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:1212.e7-1212.e10. [PMID: 24325798 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is as an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder involving both upper and lower motor neurons. About 5% of all cases exhibit signs of frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). We established the mutation frequency of C9ORF72, SOD1, TARDBP, and FUS genes in 307 patients with sporadic ALS, 46 patients with familial ALS (FALS), and 73 patients affected with FTD, all originating from the northeastern part of Italy. C9ORF72 pathogenic expansion was found on 22% of familial ALS, 5% of sporadic ALS, and 14% of FTD patients, resulting the most frequently genetic determinant in our cohort. Sequence analysis of ALS cohort identified 2 novel variants on SOD1 (p.Glu41Gly) and FUS (p.Gly496Glyfs*31). Interestingly, the single base deletion on FUS was observed in an homozygous state, suggesting a recessive pattern of inheritance. No point mutations were identified on FTD cohort. Although useful to direct genetic testing, this study results expand the current knowledge of ALS genetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Bertolin
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carla D'Ascenzo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgia Querin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Boaretto
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cecilia Salvoro
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vazza
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Corrado Angelini
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
177
|
Lee YA, Goto Y. Reconsideration of animal models of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders with evolutionary perspective. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:1120-6. [PMID: 24199948 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies utilizing animal models for understanding biological mechanisms of such psychiatric disorders as schizophrenia have been now flourishing. Animal models are a essential part of translational research, and without them, it is not possible to develop therapeutic strategies to treat psychiatric disorders. Accordingly, importance of animal models has been increasingly emphasized. However, on the other side, limitations of such an animal model approach have been growingly deceptive. The aim of this review article is to discuss limitations of translational research utilizing animal models, and propose a new direction of research with evolutionary perspective to understand psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-A Lee
- Kyoto University, Primate Research Institute, Aichi, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
178
|
Janssens J, Van Broeckhoven C. Pathological mechanisms underlying TDP-43 driven neurodegeneration in FTLD-ALS spectrum disorders. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:R77-87. [PMID: 23900071 PMCID: PMC3782069 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of misfolded TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a striking hallmark of neurodegenerative processes that are observed in several neurological disorders, and in particular in most patients diagnosed with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A direct causal link with TDP-43 brain proteinopathy was provided by the identification of pathogenic mutations in TARDBP, the gene encoding TDP-43, in ALS families. However, TDP-43 proteinopathy has also been observed in carriers of mutations in several other genes associated with both ALS and FTLD demonstrating a key role for TDP-43 in neurodegeneration. To date, and despite substantial research into the biology of TDP-43, its functioning in normal brain and in neurodegeneration processes remains largely elusive. Nonetheless, breakthroughs using cellular and animal models have provided valuable insights into ALS and FTLD pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence has redirected the research focus towards a major role for impaired RNA metabolism and protein homeostasis. At the same time, the concept that toxic TDP-43 protein aggregates promote neurodegeneration is losing its credibility. This review aims at highlighting and discussing the current knowledge on TDP-43 driven pathomechanisms leading to neurodegeneration as observed in TDP-43 proteinopathies. Based on the complexity of the associated neurological diseases, a clear understanding of the essential pathological modifications will be crucial for further therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Janssens
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
|
180
|
Almeida MR, Baldeiras I, Ribeiro MH, Santiago B, Machado C, Massano J, Guimarães J, Resende Oliveira C, Santana I. Progranulin peripheral levels as a screening tool for the identification of subjects with progranulin mutations in a Portuguese cohort. NEURODEGENER DIS 2013; 13:214-23. [PMID: 24022032 DOI: 10.1159/000352022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progranulin (PGRN) mutations are associated with different clinical phenotypes, including frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). As all pathogenic PGRN mutations identified so far cause disease through haploinsufficiency, determination of PGRN levels has been proposed as a reliable method to identify mutation carriers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of peripheral PGRN levels in the identification of the PGRN mutation carriers detected thus far in our Portuguese cohort. METHODS Serum PGRN levels were measured in 244 subjects (124 patients in the spectrum of FTLD, 2 asymptomatic descendants of a FTLD patient, 56 AD patients and 64 controls) by a novel commercial ELISA kit. RESULTS Low PGRN levels were detected in 7 individuals (5 behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, 1 CBS, and 1 still clinically unaffected) that constituted the group of the null PGRN mutation carriers previously identified in our molecular diagnostic laboratory. The pathogenic mutations found consisted of 4 insertion-deletions, causing frameshifts resulting in premature stop codons, 3 of which were novel. In addition, a normal PGRN level was found in a patient harboring a novel missense variant. For this novel ELISA kit, we established a PGRN cut-off level that identified with 100% accuracy the pathogenic mutation carriers. CONCLUSION This study supports the use of a novel assay for the determination of PGRN levels as a screening procedure to identify patients harboring null PGRN mutations. This approach would significantly decrease the required PGRN mutation analysis workload and should be extended to other clinical phenotypes than behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and to apparently sporadic cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosário Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
181
|
|
182
|
Rytty R, Nikkinen J, Paavola L, Abou Elseoud A, Moilanen V, Visuri A, Tervonen O, Renton AE, Traynor BJ, Kiviniemi V, Remes AM. GroupICA dual regression analysis of resting state networks in a behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:461. [PMID: 23986673 PMCID: PMC3752460 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional MRI studies have revealed changes in default-mode and salience networks in neurodegenerative dementias, especially in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this study was to analyze the whole brain cortex resting state networks (RSNs) in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) by using resting state functional MRI (rfMRI). The group specific RSNs were identified by high model order independent component analysis (ICA) and a dual regression technique was used to detect between-group differences in the RSNs with p < 0.05 threshold corrected for multiple comparisons. A y-concatenation method was used to correct for multiple comparisons for multiple independent components, gray matter differences as well as the voxel level. We found increased connectivity in several networks within patients with bvFTD compared to the control group. The most prominent enhancement was seen in the right frontotemporal area and insula. A significant increase in functional connectivity was also detected in the left dorsal attention network (DAN), in anterior paracingulate—a default mode sub-network as well as in the anterior parts of the frontal pole. Notably the increased patterns of connectivity were seen in areas around atrophic regions. The present results demonstrate abnormal increased connectivity in several important brain networks including the DAN and default-mode network (DMN) in patients with bvFTD. These changes may be associated with decline in executive functions and attention as well as apathy, which are the major cognitive and neuropsychiatric defects in patients with frontotemporal dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Rytty
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland ; Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
183
|
Costa S, Suárez-Calvet M, Antón S, Dols-Icardo O, Clarimón J, Alcolea D, Fortea J, Carmona M, Sala I, Sánchez-Saudinós MB, Blesa R, Lleó A. Comparison of 2 diagnostic criteria for the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2013; 28:469-76. [PMID: 23695224 PMCID: PMC10852865 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513488918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the applicability of the 1998 consensus diagnostic criteria for the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) with the recently proposed diagnostic criteria of the International bvFTD Criteria Consortium (FTDC). METHODS We reviewed each individual item in the 1998 and FTDC criteria in 30 patients with bvFTD followed in a memory clinic (including 2 with the C9orf72 gene repeat expansion). RESULTS All patients fulfilled the FTDC criteria (40% possible, 60% probable bvFTD) but only 66.7% fulfilled the 1998 criteria. One of the C9orf72 expansion carriers did not fulfill the 1998 criteria. This discordance was always due to the presence of exclusion features in the 1998 criteria, the most common being spatial disorientation and early severe amnesia. CONCLUSION The new FTDC criteria are less restrictive and hence more sensitive for the diagnosis of bvFTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Costa
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Universitat AutŒnoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurology Department, Hospital Prof Dr Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Universitat AutŒnoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sofia Antón
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Universitat AutŒnoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Dols-Icardo
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Universitat AutŒnoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Universitat AutŒnoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Universitat AutŒnoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Universitat AutŒnoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Carmona
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Universitat AutŒnoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Sala
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Universitat AutŒnoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Belén Sánchez-Saudinós
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Universitat AutŒnoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Universitat AutŒnoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Universitat AutŒnoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Diffusion tensor tractography versus volumetric imaging in the diagnosis of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66932. [PMID: 23874403 PMCID: PMC3715470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies of white matter integrity in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia have consistently shown involvement of frontal and temporal white matter, corresponding to regional loss of cortical volume. Volumetric imaging has a suboptimal sensitivity as a diagnostic tool and thus we wanted to explore if DTI is a better method to discriminate patients and controls than volumetric imaging. We examined the anterior cingulum bundle in 14 patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and 22 healthy controls using deterministic manual diffusion tensor tractography, and compared DTI parameters with two measures of cortical atrophy, VBM and cortical thickness, of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Statistically significant changes between patients and controls were detected in all DTI parameters, with large effect sizes. ROC-AUC was for the best DTI parameters: 0.92 (fractional anisotropy) to 0.97 (radial diffusivity), 0.82 for the best cortical parameter, VBM of the ACC. Results from the AUC were confirmed with binary logistic regression analysis including demographic variables, but only for fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity. Ability to classify patient/nonpatient status was significantly better for mean diffusivity vs. VBM (p=0.031), and borderline significant for fractional anisotropy vs. VBM (p=0.062). The results indicate that DTI could offer advantages in comparison with the assessment of cortical volume in differentiating patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and controls.
Collapse
|
185
|
Debray S, Race V, Crabbé V, Herdewyn S, Matthijs G, Goris A, Dubois B, Thijs V, Robberecht W, Van Damme P. Frequency of C9orf72 repeat expansions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a Belgian cohort study. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2890.e7-2890.e12. [PMID: 23870417 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We determined the frequency of C9orf72 repeat expansions in a large cohort of Belgian patients with familial (fALS) and sporadic (sALS) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In total, 119 patients with fALS from 62 kindreds, 471 patients with sALS, and 384 control subjects were included. A C9orf72 repeat expansion was found in 32 of 62 fALS pedigrees (51.6%), in 45 of 471 patients with sALS (9.6%), but in none of the control subjects. Compared with fALS of unknown etiology or fALS caused by mutations in other ALS-causing genes, C9orf72 repeat expansion carriers had a later age at onset (57.3 vs. 51.4 years; p = 0.0061), a higher proportion of bulbar onset (31.9% vs. 12.5%, p < 0.0001), and a reduced survival (29.4 vs. 67.7 months, p = 0.0003). In the sALS cohort, there were no significant differences in these disease characteristics between the C9orf72 repeat expansion carriers and the noncarriers. C9orf72 repeat expansions are a frequent cause of ALS in Belgium, and also in sALS patients. These results might justify genetic testing of C9orf72 in all ALS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Debray
- Department of Neurology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
186
|
Levenga J, Krishnamurthy P, Rajamohamedsait H, Wong H, Franke TF, Cain P, Sigurdsson EM, Hoeffer CA. Tau pathology induces loss of GABAergic interneurons leading to altered synaptic plasticity and behavioral impairments. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2013; 1:34. [PMID: 24252661 PMCID: PMC3893396 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-1-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tau is a microtubule stabilizing protein and is mainly expressed in neurons. Tau aggregation into oligomers and tangles is considered an important pathological event in tauopathies, such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tauopathies are also associated with deficits in synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation (LTP), but the specific role of tau in the manifestation of these deficiencies is not well-understood. We examined long lasting forms of synaptic plasticity in JNPL3 (BL6) mice expressing mutant tau that is identified in some inherited FTDs. RESULTS We found that aged (>12 months) JNPL3 (BL6) mice exhibit enhanced hippocampal late-phase (L-LTP), while young JNPL3 (BL6) mice (age 6 months) displayed normal L-LTP. This enhanced L-LTP in aged JNPL3 (BL6) mice was rescued with the GABAAR agonist, zolpidem, suggesting a loss of GABAergic function. Indeed, we found that mutant mice displayed a reduction in hippocampal GABAergic interneurons. Finally, we also found that expression of mutant tau led to severe sensorimotor-gating and hippocampus-dependent memory deficits in the aged JNPL3 (BL6) mice. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that hippocampal GABAergic function is impaired by pathological tau protein, leading to altered synaptic plasticity and severe memory deficits. Increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the synaptic failure in AD and FTD is critical to identifying targets for therapies to restore cognitive deficiencies associated with tauopathies.
Collapse
|
187
|
Busch JI, Martinez-Lage M, Ashbridge E, Grossman M, Van Deerlin VM, Hu F, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Chen-Plotkin AS. Expression of TMEM106B, the frontotemporal lobar degeneration-associated protein, in normal and diseased human brain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2013; 1:36. [PMID: 24252750 PMCID: PMC3893524 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-1-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is the second most common cause of dementia in individuals under 65 years old and manifests as alterations in behavior, personality, or language secondary to degeneration of the frontal and/or temporal lobes. FTLD-TDP, the largest neuropathological subset of FTLD, is characterized by hyperphosphorylated, ubiquitinated TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) inclusions. Mutations in progranulin (GRN), a neuroprotective growth factor, are one of the most common Mendelian genetic causes of FTLD-TDP. Moreover, a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified multiple SNPs within the uncharacterized gene TMEM106B that significantly associated with FTLD-TDP, suggesting that TMEM106B genotype confers risk for FTLD-TDP. Indeed, TMEM106B expression levels, which correlate with TMEM106B genotype, may play a role in the pathogenesis of disease. RESULTS Since little is known about TMEM106B and its expression in human brain, we performed immunohistochemical studies of TMEM106B in postmortem human brain samples from normal individuals, FTLD-TDP individuals with and without GRN mutations, and individuals with other neurodegenerative diseases. We find that TMEM106B protein is cytoplasmically expressed in both histopathologically affected and unaffected areas of the brain by neurons, glia, and endothelial cells/pericytes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TMEM106B expression may differ among neuronal subtypes. Finally, we show that TMEM106B neuronal expression is significantly more disorganized in FTLD-TDP cases with GRN mutations, compared to normal and disease controls, including FTLD-TDP cases without GRN mutations. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide an initial neuropathological characterization of the newly discovered FTLD-TDP-associated protein TMEM106B. In addition, we demonstrate that FTLD-TDP cases with GRN mutations exhibit a loss of neuronal TMEM106B subcellular localization, adding to evidence that TMEM106B and progranulin may be pathophysiologically linked in FTLD-TDP.
Collapse
|
188
|
O'Connor CM, Clemson L, da Silva TBL, Piguet O, Hodges JR, Mioshi E. Enhancement of carer skills and patient function in the non-pharmacological management of frontotemporal dementia (FTD): A call for randomised controlled studies. Dement Neuropsychol 2013; 7:143-150. [PMID: 29213832 PMCID: PMC5619510 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642013dn70200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
FTD is a unique condition which manifests with a range of behavioural symptoms,
marked dysfunction in activities of daily living (ADL) and increased levels of
carer burden as compared to carers of other dementias. No efficacious
pharmacological interventions to treat FTD currently exist, and research on
pharmacological symptom management is variable. The few studies on
non-pharmacological interventions in FTD focus on either the carer or the
patients' symptoms, and lack methodological rigour. This paper reviews and
discusses current studies utilising non-pharmacological approaches, exposing the
clear need for more rigorous methodologies to be applied in this field. Finally,
a successful randomised controlled trial helped reduce behaviours of concern in
dementia, and through implementing participation in tailored activities, the
FTD-specific Tailored Activities Program (TAP) is presented. Crucially, this
protocol has scope to target both the person with FTD and their carer. This
paper highlights that studies in this area would help to elucidate the potential
for using activities to reduce characteristic behaviours in FTD, improving
quality of life and the caregiving experience in FTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire M O'Connor
- Ageing, Work & Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lindy Clemson
- Ageing, Work & Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney
| | - Thaís Bento Lima da Silva
- Behavioural and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Neurology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Olivier Piguet
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eneida Mioshi
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Giorgio A, De Stefano N. Clinical use of brain volumetry. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 37:1-14. [PMID: 23255412 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based brain volumetry is increasingly being used in the clinical setting to assess brain volume changes from structural MR images in a range of neurologic conditions. Measures of brain volumes have been shown to be valid biomarkers of the clinical state and progression by offering high reliability and robust inferences on the underlying disease-related mechanisms. This review critically examines the different scenarios of the application of MRI-based brain volumetry in neurology: 1) supporting disease diagnosis, 2) understanding mechanisms and tracking clinical progression of disease, and 3) monitoring treatment effect. These aspects will be discussed in a wide range of neurologic conditions, with particular emphasis on Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giorgio
- Department of Neurological and Behavioral Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
190
|
Pan XD, Chen XC. Clinic, neuropathology and molecular genetics of frontotemporal dementia: a mini-review. Transl Neurodegener 2013; 2:8. [PMID: 23597030 PMCID: PMC3639184 DOI: 10.1186/2047-9158-2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) represents a group of clinically, neuropathologically and genetically heterogeneous disorders with plenty of overlaps between the neurodegenerative mechanism and the clinical phenotype. FTLD is pathologically characterized by the frontal and temporal lobar atrophy. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) clinically presents with abnormalities of behavior and personality and language impairments variants. The clinical spectrum of FTD encompasses distinct canonical syndromes: behavioural variant of FTD (bvFTD) and primary progressive aphasia. The later includes nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA (nfvPPA or PNFA), semantic variant PPA (svPPA or SD) and logopenic variant PPA (lvPPA). In addition, there is also overlap of FTD with motor neuron disease (FTD-MND or FTD-ALS), as well as the parkinsonian syndromes, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS). The FTLD spectrum disorders are based upon the predominant neuropathological proteins (containing inclusions of hyperphosphorylated tau or ubiquitin protein, e.g transactive response (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) and fusedin-sarcoma protein in neurons and glial cells) into three main categories: (1) microtubule-associated protein tau (FTLD-Tau); (2) TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (FTLD-TDP); and (3) fused in sarcoma protein (FTLD-FUS). There are five main genes mutations leading clinical and pathological variants in FTLD that identified by molecular genetic studies, which are chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) gene, granulin (GRN) gene, microtubule associated protein tau gene (MAPT), the gene encoding valosin-containing protein (VCP) and the charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B). In this review, recent advances on the different clinic variants, neuroimaging, genetics, pathological subtypes and clinicopathological associations of FTD will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
191
|
Distinct patterns of medial temporal impairment in degenerative dementia: a brain SPECT perfusion study in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2013; 40:932-42. [PMID: 23553080 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-013-2389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medial temporal impairment can be detected clinically and by morphological imaging during Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the existence of a functional impairment in this area seems to be less well established. Yet such functional impairment is classically found in other degenerative cortical dementias, such as the frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia (fv-FTD). The aim of this study was to characterize and compare brain SPECT perfusion of the medial temporal lobe in AD and fv-FTD. METHODS Voxel-based comparisons were performed using SPM8 between cerebral SPECT images from 85 AD patients, 25 fv-FTD patients and 12 healthy controls at the whole-brain level and the medial temporal lobe level using a region of interest approach (p < 0.001, corrected for the cluster). RESULTS In the free and cued selective reminding test, used to evaluate medial temporal memory function, AD patients had significantly lower scores than the fv-FTD patients (p < 0.005). AD and fv-FTD patients showed hypoperfused medial temporal structures in comparison to normal controls. However, fv-FTD patients had more pronounced hypoperfusion in this area, with a different topography, more anterior and more parahippocampal. CONCLUSION These results show that medial temporal hypoperfusion can be detected in degenerative dementias by SPECT. Paradoxically, the hypoperfusion is more severe in fv-FTD than in AD patients, even though the mnesic profile of AD is more altered, suggesting the existence of inefficient compensatory mechanisms.
Collapse
|
192
|
Spongiform encephalopathy in siblings with no evidence of protease-resistant prion protein or a mutation in the prion protein gene. J Neurol 2013; 260:1871-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-013-6897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
193
|
Caso F, Onofrio F, Falautano M, Todeschini P, Migliaccio R, Comi G, Perani D, Magnani G. From primary progressive aphasia to corticobasal syndrome: two clinical and rCBF functional reports. Neurocase 2013; 19:201-7. [PMID: 22512772 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2012.667117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe two cases, both presenting with a 2-year history of isolated language disorders, one compatible with logopenic variant and the other with non-fluent variant of primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Afterwards, each developed a corticobasal syndrome (CBS) with alien limb phenomenon and a multi-domain cognitive impairment. Regional cerebral perfusion (rCBF) study using 99mTc-ECD single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) revealed hypoperfusion patterns consistent with these aphasia types and with the presence of limb apraxia. We report two cases of PPA variants associated with CBS and we suggest that SPECT rCBF correlates can be useful in making a differential diagnosis within the PPA spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Caso
- Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
194
|
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia, a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder, is a common cause of young onset dementia (i.e. dementia developing in midlife or earlier). The estimated point prevalence is 15-22/100,000, and incidence 2.7-4.1/100,000. Some 25% are late-life onset cases. Population studies show nearly equal distribution by gender, which contrasts with myriad clinical and neuropathology reports. FTD is frequently familial and hereditary; five genetic loci for causal mutations have been identified, all showing 100% penetrance. Non-genetic risk factors are yet to be identified. FTD shows poor life expectancy but with survival comparable to that of Alzheimer's disease. Recent progress includes the formulation of up-to-date diagnostic criteria for the behavioural and language variants, and the development of new and urgently needed instruments for monitoring and staging the illness. There is still need for descriptive population studies to fill gaps in our knowledge about minority groups and developing regions. More pressing, however, is the need for reliable physiological markers for disease. There is a present imperative to develop a translational science to form the conduit for transferring neurobiological discoveries and insights from bench to bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiadi U. Onyike
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry at Technische Universität München, München DE, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Liu CH, Lin KJ, Wang HM, Kuo HC, Chuang WL, Weng YH, Shih TS, Huang CC. Brain fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG PET) in patients with acute thallium intoxication. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2013; 51:167-73. [DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2013.773008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
196
|
Guimarães HC, Vale TC, Pimentel V, de Sá NC, Beato RG, Caramelli P. Analysis of a case series of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia: emphasis on diagnostic delay. Dement Neuropsychol 2013; 7:55-59. [PMID: 29213820 PMCID: PMC5619545 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642013dn70100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite many advances in the characterization of the behavioral variant of
frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), the diagnosis of this syndrome poses a
significant challenge, while delays or diagnostic mistakes may impact the
proper clinical management of these patients. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical profile at first evaluation of a sample of patients
with bvFTD from a specialized outpatient neurological unit, with emphasis on
the analysis of the delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis. METHODS We selected 31 patients that fulfilled international consensus criteria for
possible or probable bvFTD. Patients' medical admission sheets were
thoroughly reviewed. RESULTS Patients' mean age was 67.9±8.2 years; 16 (51.6%) were men. Mean
number of years of formal education was 7.7±4.0 years. Mean age at
onset was 62.2±7.7 years, indicating a mean of 5.8 years of
diagnostic delay. Thirteen patients (41.9%) presented with initial
behavioral complaints only, eleven patients (35.5%) had mixed behavioral and
memory complaints, five patients (16.1%) presented with memory complaints
only, and two patient (6.4%) had behavioral and speech problems. Nine
patients (29%) were admitted with alternative diagnoses. Mean and standard
deviation scores for the mini-mental state examination, animal category
fluency and memory test for drawings (five-minute delayed recall) were
19.3±6.3, 8.3±4.1and 3.7±2.7, respectively. CONCLUSION Most patients from this sample were evaluated almost six years after the
onset of symptoms and performed poorly on both cognitive screening tests and
functional evaluation measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Cerqueira Guimarães
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cardoso Vale
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Pimentel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Nayara Carvalho de Sá
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Rogério Gomes Beato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Brady OA, Zheng Y, Murphy K, Huang M, Hu F. The frontotemporal lobar degeneration risk factor, TMEM106B, regulates lysosomal morphology and function. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:685-95. [PMID: 23136129 PMCID: PMC3554197 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of Progranulin (PGRN), a gene encoding a secreted glycoprotein, is a major cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin (FTLD-U) positive inclusions. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TMEM106B gene were recently discovered as a risk factor for FTLD-U, especially in patients with PGRN mutations. TMEM106B is also associated with cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Despite these studies, little is known about TMEM106B at molecular and cellular levels and how TMEM106B contributes to FTLD. Here, we show that TMEM106B is localized in the late endosome/lysosome compartments and TMEM106B levels are regulated by lysosomal activities. Ectopic expression of TMEM106B induces morphologic changes of lysosome compartments and delays the degradation of endocytic cargoes by the endolysosomal pathway. Furthermore, overexpression of TMEM106B correlates with elevated levels of PGRN, possibly by attenuating lysosomal degradation of PGRN. These results shed light on the cellular functions of TMEM106B and the roles of TMEM106B in the pathogenesis of FTLD-U with PGRN mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fenghua Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics,Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Frisch S, Dukart J, Vogt B, Horstmann A, Becker G, Villringer A, Barthel H, Sabri O, Müller K, Schroeter ML. Dissociating memory networks in early Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration - a combined study of hypometabolism and atrophy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55251. [PMID: 23457466 PMCID: PMC3573064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We aimed at dissociating the neural correlates of memory disorders in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Methods We included patients with AD (n = 19, 11 female, mean age 61 years) and FTLD (n = 11, 5 female, mean age 61 years) in early stages of their diseases. Memory performance was assessed by means of verbal and visual memory subtests from the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-R), including forgetting rates. Brain glucose utilization was measured by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and brain atrophy by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Using a whole brain approach, correlations between test performance and imaging data were computed separately in each dementia group, including a group of control subjects (n = 13, 6 female, mean age 54 years) in both analyses. The three groups did not differ with respect to education and gender. Results Patients in both dementia groups generally performed worse than controls, but AD and FTLD patients did not differ from each other in any of the test parameters. However, memory performance was associated with different brain regions in the patient groups, with respect to both hypometabolism and atrophy: Whereas in AD patients test performance was mainly correlated with changes in the parieto-mesial cortex, performance in FTLD patients was correlated with changes in frontal cortical as well as subcortical regions. There were practically no overlapping regions associated with memory disorders in AD and FTLD as revealed by a conjunction analysis. Conclusion Memory test performance may not distinguish between both dementia syndromes. In clinical practice, this may lead to misdiagnosis of FTLD patients with poor memory performance. Nevertheless, memory problems are associated with almost completely different neural correlates in both dementia syndromes. Obviously, memory functions are carried out by distributed networks which break down in brain degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Frisch
- Department of Neurology, J. W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
199
|
Valera E, Masliah E. Immunotherapy for neurodegenerative diseases: focus on α-synucleinopathies. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 138:311-22. [PMID: 23384597 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is currently being intensively explored as much-needed disease-modifying treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. While Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been the focus of numerous immunotherapeutic studies, less attention has been paid to Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. The reason for this difference is that the amyloid beta (Aβ) protein in AD is a secreted molecule that circulates in the blood and is readably recognized by antibodies. In contrast, α-synuclein (α-syn), tau, huntingtin and other proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases have been considered to be exclusively of intracellular nature. However, the recent discovery that toxic oligomeric versions of α-syn and tau accumulate in the membrane and can be excreted to the extracellular environment has provided a rationale for the development of immunotherapeutic approaches for PD, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, and other neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the abnormal accumulation of these proteins. Active immunization, passive immunization, and T cell-mediated cellular immunotherapeutic approaches have been developed targeting Aβ, α-syn and tau. Most advanced studies, including results from phase III clinical trials for passive immunization in AD, have been recently reported. Results suggest that immunotherapy might be a promising therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases that progress with the accumulation and propagation of toxic protein aggregates. In this manuscript we provide an overview on immunotherapeutic advances for neurodegenerative disorders, with special emphasis on α-synucleinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Valera
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
200
|
Castrillo Sanz A, Guerrero Becerra P, Duarte García Luis J. The clinical spectrum of frontotemporal dementia: a case of rapidly progressive dementia. Neurologia 2013; 29:384-5. [PMID: 23352447 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Castrillo Sanz
- Sección Neurología, Complejo Asistencial de Segovia, Segovia, España.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|