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Hollar D. Epigenetic Significance of Chromatin Organization During Cellular Aging and Organismal Lifespan. EPIGENETICS, THE ENVIRONMENT, AND CHILDREN’S HEALTH ACROSS LIFESPANS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7153164 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25325-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Hollar
- Pfeiffer University, Morrisville, North Carolina USA
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152
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Russo FB, Cugola FR, Fernandes IR, Pignatari GC, Beltrão-Braga PCB. Induced pluripotent stem cells for modeling neurological disorders. World J Transplant 2015; 5:209-221. [PMID: 26722648 PMCID: PMC4689931 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v5.i4.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several diseases have been successfully modeled since the development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology in 2006. Since then, methods for increased reprogramming efficiency and cell culture maintenance have been optimized and many protocols for differentiating stem cell lines have been successfully developed, allowing the generation of several cellular subtypes in vitro. Gene editing technologies have also greatly advanced lately, enhancing disease-specific phenotypes by creating isogenic cell lines, allowing mutations to be corrected in affected samples or inserted in control lines. Neurological disorders have benefited the most from iPSC-disease modeling for its capability for generating disease-relevant cell types in vitro from the central nervous system, such as neurons and glial cells, otherwise only available from post-mortem samples. Patient-specific iPSC-derived neural cells can recapitulate the phenotypes of these diseases and therefore, considerably enrich our understanding of pathogenesis, disease mechanism and facilitate the development of drug screening platforms for novel therapeutic targets. Here, we review the accomplishments and the current progress in human neurological disorders by using iPSC modeling for Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, spinal muscular atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, duchenne muscular dystrophy, schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders, which include Timothy syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Phelan-McDermid, Rett syndrome as well as Nonsyndromic Autism.
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153
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Chang CP, Liu YF, Lin HJ, Hsu CC, Cheng BC, Liu WP, Lin MT, Hsu SF, Chang LS, Lin KC. Beneficial Effect of Astragaloside on Alzheimer's Disease Condition Using Cultured Primary Cortical Cells Under β-amyloid Exposure. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:7329-7340. [PMID: 26696494 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
β-amyloid (Aβ)-mediated neuronal apoptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate whether astragalosides (AST) could inhibit Aβ-induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Amyloid β-protein fragment 25-35 (Aβ25-35) was administered to cerebral lateral ventricle of rats to make the AD models in vivo. AST was able to attenuate both cortical cell degeneration and memory deficits in the AD rats. AST also inhibited Aβ25-35-induced cytotoxicity (e.g., decreased cell viability); apoptosis (e.g., increased caspase-3 expression, increased DNA fragmentation, and Tau hyperphosphorylation); synaptotoxicity (e.g., increased loss of both a dendritic marker, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and synaptic proteins, synaptophysins); and mitochondrial dysfunction (e.g., increased mitochondrial membrane potential) in cultured primary rat cortical cells. The beneficial effect of AST in reducing Aβ-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in cortical cells were blocked by inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent protein kinase B (PKB, as known as AKT) activation with LY294002. In addition, inhibition of extracellular protein kinase (ERK) with U0126 shared with the AST the same beneficial effects in reducing Aβ-induced apoptosis. Our data suggest that the cortical PI3K/AKT and MAPK (or ERK) pathways as appealing therapeutic targets in treating AD, and AST may have a positive impact on AD treatment via modulation of both PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jung Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chin Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Chih Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Pin Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Tsun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Hsu
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, 821, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sheng Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Chang Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, 710, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan.
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154
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Qian DC, Byun J, Han Y, Greene CS, Field JK, Hung RJ, Brhane Y, Mclaughlin JR, Fehringer G, Landi MT, Rosenberger A, Bickeböller H, Malhotra J, Risch A, Heinrich J, Hunter DJ, Henderson BE, Haiman CA, Schumacher FR, Eeles RA, Easton DF, Seminara D, Amos CI. Identification of shared and unique susceptibility pathways among cancers of the lung, breast, and prostate from genome-wide association studies and tissue-specific protein interactions. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:7406-20. [PMID: 26483192 PMCID: PMC4664175 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have indicated that strong single-gene effects are the exception, not the rule, for most diseases. We assessed the joint effects of germline genetic variations through a pathway-based approach that considers the tissue-specific contexts of GWAS findings. From GWAS meta-analyses of lung cancer (12 160 cases/16 838 controls), breast cancer (15 748 cases/18 084 controls) and prostate cancer (14 160 cases/12 724 controls) in individuals of European ancestry, we determined the tissue-specific interaction networks of proteins expressed from genes that are likely to be affected by disease-associated variants. Reactome pathways exhibiting enrichment of proteins from each network were compared across the cancers. Our results show that pathways associated with all three cancers tend to be broad cellular processes required for growth and survival. Significant examples include the nerve growth factor (P = 7.86 × 10(-33)), epidermal growth factor (P = 1.18 × 10(-31)) and fibroblast growth factor (P = 2.47 × 10(-31)) signaling pathways. However, within these shared pathways, the genes that influence risk largely differ by cancer. Pathways found to be unique for a single cancer focus on more specific cellular functions, such as interleukin signaling in lung cancer (P = 1.69 × 10(-15)), apoptosis initiation by Bad in breast cancer (P = 3.14 × 10(-9)) and cellular responses to hypoxia in prostate cancer (P = 2.14 × 10(-9)). We present the largest comparative cross-cancer pathway analysis of GWAS to date. Our approach can also be applied to the study of inherited mechanisms underlying risk across multiple diseases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Qian
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jinyoung Byun
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Younghun Han
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Casey S Greene
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John K Field
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Yonathan Brhane
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - John R Mclaughlin
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Gordon Fehringer
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Albert Rosenberger
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heike Bickeböller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jyoti Malhotra
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Angela Risch
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK and
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Daniela Seminara
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA,
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155
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Hofmann-Apitius M, Ball G, Gebel S, Bagewadi S, de Bono B, Schneider R, Page M, Kodamullil AT, Younesi E, Ebeling C, Tegnér J, Canard L. Bioinformatics Mining and Modeling Methods for the Identification of Disease Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29179-206. [PMID: 26690135 PMCID: PMC4691095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the decoding of the Human Genome, techniques from bioinformatics, statistics, and machine learning have been instrumental in uncovering patterns in increasing amounts and types of different data produced by technical profiling technologies applied to clinical samples, animal models, and cellular systems. Yet, progress on unravelling biological mechanisms, causally driving diseases, has been limited, in part due to the inherent complexity of biological systems. Whereas we have witnessed progress in the areas of cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, the area of neurodegenerative diseases has proved to be very challenging. This is in part because the aetiology of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer´s disease or Parkinson´s disease is unknown, rendering it very difficult to discern early causal events. Here we describe a panel of bioinformatics and modeling approaches that have recently been developed to identify candidate mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases based on publicly available data and knowledge. We identify two complementary strategies-data mining techniques using genetic data as a starting point to be further enriched using other data-types, or alternatively to encode prior knowledge about disease mechanisms in a model based framework supporting reasoning and enrichment analysis. Our review illustrates the challenges entailed in integrating heterogeneous, multiscale and multimodal information in the area of neurology in general and neurodegeneration in particular. We conclude, that progress would be accelerated by increasing efforts on performing systematic collection of multiple data-types over time from each individual suffering from neurodegenerative disease. The work presented here has been driven by project AETIONOMY; a project funded in the course of the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI); which is a public-private partnership of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA) and the European Commission (EC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hofmann-Apitius
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Institutszentrum Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin D-53754, Germany.
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany.
| | - Gordon Ball
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.
- Science for Life Laboratories, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.
| | - Stephan Gebel
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg.
| | - Shweta Bagewadi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Institutszentrum Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin D-53754, Germany.
| | - Bernard de Bono
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK.
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Symmonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg.
| | - Matt Page
- Translational Bioinformatics, UCB Pharma, 216 Bath Rd, Slough SL1 3WE, UK.
| | - Alpha Tom Kodamullil
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany.
| | - Erfan Younesi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Institutszentrum Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin D-53754, Germany.
| | - Christian Ebeling
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Institutszentrum Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin D-53754, Germany.
| | - Jesper Tegnér
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.
- Science for Life Laboratories, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.
| | - Luc Canard
- Translational Science Unit, SANOFI Recherche & Développement, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex 91385, France.
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156
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Asadi F, Jamshidi AH, Khodagholi F, Yans A, Azimi L, Faizi M, Vali L, Abdollahi M, Ghahremani MH, Sharifzadeh M. Reversal effects of crocin on amyloid β-induced memory deficit: Modification of autophagy or apoptosis markers. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 139:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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157
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Chi S, Song JH, Tan MS, Zhang W, Wang ZX, Jiang T, Tan L, Yu JT. Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in ANK1 with Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease in Han Chinese. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6476-6481. [PMID: 26611832 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, two CpG sites in ankyrin 1 (ANK1) gene were identified to be hypermethylated and associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neuropathology in two large independent studies. Genetic variations are indicated to be involved in DNA methylation, especially when the associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are located adjacent to the CpG site. Accordingly, ANK1 polymorphisms might contribute to late-onset AD (LOAD) risk. One polymorphism rs515071 was identified to be a potential risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D). As shared genetic background was found underlying T2D and AD, we postulate that rs515071 polymorphism may be associated with late-onset AD (LOAD) risk and assessed the association in 982 LOAD patients and 1346 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Our results showed that minor allele A of rs515071 significantly increased LOAD risk in the APOE ε4 (+) subgroup (genotype P = 0.015, allele P = 0.020). After adjusting for age and gender, the association remained significant under the dominant model (OR = 1.809, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.186-2.757, P = 0.006). In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that rs515071 in ANK1 is a novel genetic risk for LOAD susceptibility in Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China
| | - Jing-Hui Song
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China. .,Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, Box 1207, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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158
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Sin O, Nollen EAA. Regulation of protein homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases: the role of coding and non-coding genes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4027-47. [PMID: 26190021 PMCID: PMC4605983 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is fundamental for cell function and survival, because proteins are involved in all aspects of cellular function, ranging from cell metabolism and cell division to the cell's response to environmental challenges. Protein homeostasis is tightly regulated by the synthesis, folding, trafficking and clearance of proteins, all of which act in an orchestrated manner to ensure proteome stability. The protein quality control system is enhanced by stress response pathways, which take action whenever the proteome is challenged by environmental or physiological stress. Aging, however, damages the proteome, and such proteome damage is thought to be associated with aging-related diseases. In this review, we discuss the different cellular processes that define the protein quality control system and focus on their role in protein conformational diseases. We highlight the power of using small organisms to model neurodegenerative diseases and how these models can be exploited to discover genetic modulators of protein aggregation and toxicity. We also link findings from small model organisms to the situation in higher organisms and describe how some of the genetic modifiers discovered in organisms such as worms are functionally conserved throughout evolution. Finally, we demonstrate that the non-coding genome also plays a role in maintaining protein homeostasis. In all, this review highlights the importance of protein and RNA homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sin
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, 4099-003, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ellen A A Nollen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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159
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Abstract
Since the launch of our journal as Nature Clinical Practice Neurology in 2005, we have seen remarkable progress in many areas of neurology research, but what does the future hold? Will advances in basic research be translated into effective disease-modifying therapies, and will personalized medicine finally become a reality? For this special Viewpoint article, we invited a panel of Advisory Board members and other journal contributors to outline their research priorities and predictions in neurology for the next 10 years.
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160
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Increased Transcript Complexity in Genes Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140885. [PMID: 26480348 PMCID: PMC4610675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies aim to correlate genotype with phenotype. Many common diseases including Type II diabetes, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are complex genetic traits with hundreds of different loci that are associated with varied disease risk. Identifying common features in the genes associated with each disease remains a challenge. Furthermore, the role of post-transcriptional regulation, and in particular alternative splicing, is still poorly understood in most multigenic diseases. We therefore compiled comprehensive lists of genes associated with Type II diabetes, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and COPD in an attempt to identify common features of their corresponding mRNA transcripts within each gene set. The SERPINA1 gene is a well-recognized genetic risk factor of COPD and it produces 11 transcript variants, which is exceptional for a human gene. This led us to hypothesize that other genes associated with COPD, and complex disorders in general, are highly transcriptionally diverse. We found that COPD-associated genes have a statistically significant enrichment in transcript complexity stemming from a disproportionately high level of alternative splicing, however, Type II Diabetes, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease genes were not significantly enriched. We also identified a subset of transcriptionally complex COPD-associated genes (~40%) that are differentially expressed between mild, moderate and severe COPD. Although the genes associated with other lung diseases are not extensively documented, we found preliminary data that idiopathic pulmonary disease genes, but not cystic fibrosis modulators, are also more transcriptionally complex. Interestingly, complex COPD transcripts are more often the product of alternative acceptor site usage. To verify the biological importance of these alternative transcripts, we used RNA-sequencing analyses to determine that COPD-associated genes are frequently expressed in lung and liver tissues and are regulated in a tissue-specific manner. Additionally, many complex COPD-associated genes are spliced differently between COPD and non-COPD patients. Our analysis therefore suggests that post-transcriptional regulation, particularly alternative splicing, is an important feature specific to COPD disease etiology that warrants further investigation.
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161
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Heck A, Fastenrath M, Coynel D, Auschra B, Bickel H, Freytag V, Gschwind L, Hartmann F, Jessen F, Kaduszkiewicz H, Maier W, Milnik A, Pentzek M, Riedel-Heller SG, Spalek K, Vogler C, Wagner M, Weyerer S, Wolfsgruber S, de Quervain DF, Papassotiropoulos A. Genetic Analysis of Association Between Calcium Signaling and Hippocampal Activation, Memory Performance in the Young and Old, and Risk for Sporadic Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Psychiatry 2015; 72:1029-36. [PMID: 26332608 PMCID: PMC5291164 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Human episodic memory performance is linked to the function of specific brain regions, including the hippocampus; declines as a result of increasing age; and is markedly disturbed in Alzheimer disease (AD), an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the hippocampus. Exploring the molecular underpinnings of human episodic memory is key to the understanding of hippocampus-dependent cognitive physiology and pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE To determine whether biologically defined groups of genes are enriched in episodic memory performance across age, memory encoding-related brain activity, and AD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this multicenter collaborative study, which began in August 2008 and is ongoing, gene set enrichment analysis was done by using primary and meta-analysis data from 57 968 participants. The Swiss cohorts consisted of 3043 healthy young adults assessed for episodic memory performance. In a subgroup (n = 1119) of one of these cohorts, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify gene set-dependent differences in brain activity related to episodic memory. The German Study on Aging, Cognition, and Dementia in Primary Care Patients cohort consisted of 763 elderly participants without dementia who were assessed for episodic memory performance. The International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project case-control sample consisted of 54 162 participants (17 008 patients with sporadic AD and 37 154 control participants). Analyses were conducted between January 2014 and June 2015. Gene set enrichment analysis in all samples was done using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Episodic memory performance in the Swiss cohort and German Study on Aging, Cognition, and Dementia in Primary Care Patients cohort was quantified by picture and verbal delayed free recall tasks. In the functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, activation of the hippocampus during encoding of pictures served as the phenotype of interest. In the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project sample, diagnosis of sporadic AD served as the phenotype of interest. RESULTS In the discovery sample, we detected significant enrichment for genes constituting the calcium signaling pathway, especially those related to the elevation of cytosolic calcium (P = 2 × 10-4). This enrichment was replicated in 2 additional samples of healthy young individuals (P = .02 and .04, respectively) and a sample of healthy elderly participants (P = .004). Hippocampal activation (P = 4 × 10-4) and the risk for sporadic AD (P = .01) were also significantly enriched for genes related to the elevation of cytosolic calcium. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE By detecting consistent significant enrichment in independent cohorts of young and elderly participants, this study identified that calcium signaling plays a central role in hippocampus-dependent human memory processes in cognitive health and disease, contributing to the understanding and potential treatment of hippocampus-dependent cognitive pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Heck
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Matthias Fastenrath
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - David Coynel
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Bianca Auschra
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Horst Bickel
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Virginie Freytag
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Leo Gschwind
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Francina Hartmann
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Frank Jessen
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Hanna Kaduszkiewicz
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Annette Milnik
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Michael Pentzek
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Steffi G. Riedel-Heller
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Klara Spalek
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Christian Vogler
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Michael Wagner
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Siegfried Weyerer
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
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Ramanan VK, Risacher SL, Nho K, Kim S, Shen L, McDonald BC, Yoder KK, Hutchins GD, West JD, Tallman EF, Gao S, Foroud TM, Farlow MR, De Jager PL, Bennett DA, Aisen PS, Petersen RC, Jack CR, Toga AW, Green RC, Jagust WJ, Weiner MW, Saykin AJ. GWAS of longitudinal amyloid accumulation on 18F-florbetapir PET in Alzheimer's disease implicates microglial activation gene IL1RAP. Brain 2015; 138:3076-88. [PMID: 26268530 PMCID: PMC4671479 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain amyloid deposition is thought to be a seminal event in Alzheimer's disease. To identify genes influencing Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, we performed a genome-wide association study of longitudinal change in brain amyloid burden measured by (18)F-florbetapir PET. A novel association with higher rates of amyloid accumulation independent from APOE (apolipoprotein E) ε4 status was identified in IL1RAP (interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein; rs12053868-G; P = 1.38 × 10(-9)) and was validated by deep sequencing. IL1RAP rs12053868-G carriers were more likely to progress from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease and exhibited greater longitudinal temporal cortex atrophy on MRI. In independent cohorts rs12053868-G was associated with accelerated cognitive decline and lower cortical (11)C-PBR28 PET signal, a marker of microglial activation. These results suggest a crucial role of activated microglia in limiting amyloid accumulation and nominate the IL-1/IL1RAP pathway as a potential target for modulating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Ramanan
- 1 Centre for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,4 Indiana Alzheimer Disease Centre, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- 1 Centre for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,4 Indiana Alzheimer Disease Centre, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- 1 Centre for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,4 Indiana Alzheimer Disease Centre, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,5 Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sungeun Kim
- 1 Centre for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,4 Indiana Alzheimer Disease Centre, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,5 Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Li Shen
- 1 Centre for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,4 Indiana Alzheimer Disease Centre, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,5 Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Brenna C. McDonald
- 1 Centre for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,4 Indiana Alzheimer Disease Centre, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,6 Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Karmen K. Yoder
- 1 Centre for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Gary D. Hutchins
- 1 Centre for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - John D. West
- 1 Centre for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Eileen F. Tallman
- 1 Centre for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sujuan Gao
- 4 Indiana Alzheimer Disease Centre, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,7 Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tatiana M. Foroud
- 1 Centre for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,4 Indiana Alzheimer Disease Centre, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,5 Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Martin R. Farlow
- 4 Indiana Alzheimer Disease Centre, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,6 Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- 8 Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,9 Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,10 Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- 11 Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Centre, Rush University Medical Centre, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Paul S. Aisen
- 12 University of Southern California Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ronald C. Petersen
- 13 Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Clifford R. Jack
- 14 Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- 15 Laboratory of NeuroImaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Robert C. Green
- 16 Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William J. Jagust
- 17 Department of Neurology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael W. Weiner
- 18 Departments of Radiology, Medicine, and Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,19 Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- 1 Centre for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,4 Indiana Alzheimer Disease Centre, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,5 Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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163
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Cisternas P, Lindsay CB, Salazar P, Silva-Alvarez C, Retamales RM, Serrano FG, Vio CP, Inestrosa NC. The increased potassium intake improves cognitive performance and attenuates histopathological markers in a model of Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2630-44. [PMID: 26391254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by hallmarks that include an accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), inflammation, oxidative stress and synaptic dysfunction, which lead to a decrease in cognitive function. To date, the onset and progression of AD have been associated with pathologies such as hypertension and diabetes. Hypertension, a disease with a high incidence worldwide, is characterized by a chronic increase in blood pressure. Interestingly, this disease has a close relationship to the eating behavior of patients because high Na(+) intake is a significant risk factor for hypertension. In fact, a decrease in Na(+) consumption, along with an increase in K(+) intake, is a primary non-pharmacological approach to preventing hypertension. In the present work, we examined whether an increase in K(+) intake affects the expression of certain neuropathological markers or the cognitive performance of a murine model of AD. We observed that an increase in K(+) intake leads to a change in the aggregation pattern of the Aβ peptide, a partial decrease in some epitopes of tau phosphorylation and improvement in the cognitive performance. The recovery in cognitive performance was correlated with a significant improvement in the generation of long-term potentiation. We also observed a decrease in markers related to inflammation and oxidative stress such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Together, our data support the idea that changes in diet, such as an increase in K(+) intake, may be important in the prevention of AD onset as a non-pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cisternas
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina B Lindsay
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Salazar
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Silva-Alvarez
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rocio M Retamales
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe G Serrano
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos P Vio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Bioloía Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Centro UC Síndrome de Down, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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164
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Talwar P, Sinha J, Grover S, Rawat C, Kushwaha S, Agarwal R, Taneja V, Kukreti R. Dissecting Complex and Multifactorial Nature of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: a Clinical, Genomic, and Systems Biology Perspective. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4833-64. [PMID: 26351077 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of memory and other cognitive functions. AD can be classified into familial AD (FAD) and sporadic AD (SAD) based on heritability and into early onset AD (EOAD) and late onset AD (LOAD) based on age of onset. LOAD cases are more prevalent with genetically complex architecture. In spite of significant research focused on understanding the etiological mechanisms, search for diagnostic biomarker(s) and disease-modifying therapy is still on. In this article, we aim to comprehensively review AD literature on established etiological mechanisms including role of beta-amyloid and apolipoprotein E (APOE) along with promising newer etiological factors such as epigenetic modifications that have been associated with AD suggesting its multifactorial nature. As genomic studies have recently played a significant role in elucidating AD pathophysiology, a systematic review of findings from genome-wide linkage (GWL), genome-wide association (GWA), genome-wide expression (GWE), and epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) was conducted. The availability of multi-dimensional genomic data has further coincided with the advent of computational and network biology approaches in recent years. Our review highlights the importance of integrative approaches involving genomics and systems biology perspective in elucidating AD pathophysiology. The promising newer approaches may provide reliable means of early and more specific diagnosis and help identify therapeutic interventions for LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Talwar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Juhi Sinha
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India.,Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pneumonology-Immunology, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chitra Rawat
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Suman Kushwaha
- Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Agarwal
- Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), Delhi, India
| | - Vibha Taneja
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, New Delhi, India. .,Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India.
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165
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Zhang ZG, Li Y, Ng CT, Song YQ. Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease and Molecular Genetics: Recent Update. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 63:333-44. [PMID: 26232392 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex age-related neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Since the first description of AD in 1907, many hypotheses have been established to explain its causes. The inflammation theory is one of them. Pathological and biochemical studies of brains from AD individuals have provided solid evidence of the activation of inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, people with long-term medication of anti-inflammatory drugs have shown a reduced risk to develop the disease. After three decades of genetic study in AD, dozens of loci harboring genetic variants influencing inflammatory pathways in AD patients has been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The most well-known GWAS risk factor that is responsible for immune response and inflammation in AD development should be APOE ε4 allele. However, a growing number of other GWAS risk AD candidate genes in inflammation have recently been discovered. In the present study, we try to review the inflammation in AD and immunity-associated GWAS risk genes like HLA-DRB5/DRB1, INPP5D, MEF2C, CR1, CLU and TREM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheung Toa Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Qiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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166
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Apter JT, Shastri K, Pizano K. Update on Disease-Modifying/Preventive Therapies in Alzheimer's Disease. CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS 2015; 4:312-317. [PMID: 26543800 PMCID: PMC4624820 DOI: 10.1007/s13670-015-0141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly becoming a major health problem throughout the US and Western Europe. As the remnants of the Baby Boom generation begin to reach their seniority at the turn of the twenty-first century, the disease has been unwillingly brought to the attention of the public eye. A disease that has traditionally been associated with an aging population has thus become a heated topic of discussion as modern research attempts to prevent and treat this major health burden and plague of the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T. Apter
- />Princeton Medical Institute, Global Clinical Trials, Global Medical Institute, LLC, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Kuntal Shastri
- />Princeton Medical Institute, Global Medical Institute, LLC, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Katherine Pizano
- />Princeton Medical Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08455 USA
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167
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Wang Q, Jia J, Qin W, Wu L, Li D, Wang Q, Li H. A Novel AβPP M722K Mutation Affects Amyloid-β Secretion and Tau Phosphorylation and May Cause Early-Onset Familial Alzheimer’s Disease in Chinese Individuals. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 47:157-65. [PMID: 26402764 DOI: 10.3233/jad-143231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liyong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hanzhi Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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168
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Saykin AJ, Shen L, Yao X, Kim S, Nho K, Risacher SL, Ramanan VK, Foroud TM, Faber KM, Sarwar N, Munsie LM, Hu X, Soares HD, Potkin SG, Thompson PM, Kauwe JSK, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Green RC, Toga AW, Weiner MW. Genetic studies of quantitative MCI and AD phenotypes in ADNI: Progress, opportunities, and plans. Alzheimers Dement 2015; 11:792-814. [PMID: 26194313 PMCID: PMC4510473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) have been crucial in advancing the understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Here, we provide an update on sample collection, scientific progress and opportunities, conceptual issues, and future plans. METHODS Lymphoblastoid cell lines and DNA and RNA samples from blood have been collected and banked, and data and biosamples have been widely disseminated. To date, APOE genotyping, genome-wide association study (GWAS), and whole exome and whole genome sequencing data have been obtained and disseminated. RESULTS ADNI genetic data have been downloaded thousands of times, and >300 publications have resulted, including reports of large-scale GWAS by consortia to which ADNI contributed. Many of the first applications of quantitative endophenotype association studies used ADNI data, including some of the earliest GWAS and pathway-based studies of biospecimen and imaging biomarkers, as well as memory and other clinical/cognitive variables. Other contributions include some of the first whole exome and whole genome sequencing data sets and reports in healthy controls, mild cognitive impairment, and AD. DISCUSSION Numerous genetic susceptibility and protective markers for AD and disease biomarkers have been identified and replicated using ADNI data and have heavily implicated immune, mitochondrial, cell cycle/fate, and other biological processes. Early sequencing studies suggest that rare and structural variants are likely to account for significant additional phenotypic variation. Longitudinal analyses of transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and epigenomic changes will also further elucidate dynamic processes underlying preclinical and prodromal stages of disease. Integration of this unique collection of multiomics data within a systems biology framework will help to separate truly informative markers of early disease mechanisms and potential novel therapeutic targets from the vast background of less relevant biological processes. Fortunately, a broad swath of the scientific community has accepted this grand challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Li Shen
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Purdue University - Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vijay K Ramanan
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kelley M Faber
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Xiaolan Hu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | | | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA; Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Neuroinformatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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169
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Yang H, Wang S, Yu L, Zhu X, Xu Y. Esculentoside A suppresses Aβ1–42-induced neuroinflammation by down-regulating MAPKs pathwaysin vivo. Neurol Res 2015; 37:859-66. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132815y.0000000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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170
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Song F, Han G, Bai Z, Peng X, Wang J, Lei H. Alzheimer's Disease: Genomics and Beyond. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 121:1-24. [PMID: 26315760 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major form of senile dementia. Despite the critical roles of Aβ and tau in AD pathology, drugs targeting Aβ or tau have so far reached limited success. The advent of genomic technologies has made it possible to gain a more complete picture regarding the molecular network underlying the disease progression which may lead to discoveries of novel treatment targets. In this review, we will discuss recent progresses in AD research focusing on genome, transcriptome, epigenome, and related subjects. Advancements have been made in the finding of novel genetic risk factors, new hypothesis for disease mechanism, candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis, and potential drug targets. As an integration effort, we have curated relevant data in a database named AlzBase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhai Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guangchun Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhouxian Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xing Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongxing Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, PR China.
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the main form of dementia, and is a major public health problem. Despite intensive research efforts, current treatments have only marginal symptomatic benefits and there are no effective disease-modifying or preventive interventions. AD has a strong genetic component, so much research in AD has focused on identifying genetic causes and risk factors. This chapter will cover genetic discoveries in AD and their consequences in terms of improved knowledge regarding the disease and the identification of biomarkers and drug targets. First, we will discuss the study of the rare early-onset, autosomal dominant forms of AD that led to the discovery of mutations in three major genes, APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2. These discoveries have shaped our current understanding of the pathophysiology and natural history of AD as well as the development of therapeutic targets and the design of clinical trials. Then, we will explore linkage analysis and candidate gene approaches, which identified variants in Apolipoprotein E (APOE) as the major genetic risk factor for late-onset, "sporadic" forms of AD (LOAD), but failed to robustly identify other genetic risk factors, with the exception of variants in SORL1. The main focus of this chapter will be on recent genome-wide association studies that have successfully identified common genetic variations at over 20 loci associated with LOAD outside of the APOE locus. These loci are in or near-novel AD genes including BIN1, CR1, CLU, phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM), CD33, EPHA1, MS4A4/MS4A6, ABCA7, CD2AP, SORL1, HLA-DRB5/DRB1, PTK2B, SLC24A4-RIN3, INPP5D, MEF2C, NME8, ZCWPW1, CELF1, FERMT2, CASS4, and TRIP4 and each has small effects on risk of AD (relative risks of 1.1-1.3). Finally, we will touch upon the ongoing effort to identify less frequent and rare variants through whole exome and whole genome sequencing. This effort has identified two novel genes, TREM2 and PLD3, and shown a role for APP in LOAD. The identification of these recently identified genes has implicated previously unsuspected biological pathways in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chouraki
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
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172
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Lord C, Bishop S, Anderson D. Developmental trajectories as autism phenotypes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 169:198-208. [PMID: 25959391 PMCID: PMC4898819 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies of Autism Spectrum Disorder have attempted to link behavioral phenotypes to genetic findings. Reliance on cross-sectional behavioral data in samples that span wide age ranges may have limited this endeavor because ASD behaviors are not static within individuals across development. This study uses quantitative methods to describe specific aspects of changes in autism-related and more general behaviors in order to yield trajectories that could be used in place of single time-point data as behavioral phenotypes in neurobiological studies of both Autism Spectrum Disorders and overlapping conditions. Building on previous analyses, we examined trajectories of parent-reported social-communication deficits, social adaptive functioning, and two types of repetitive behaviors, repetitive sensory motor (RSM) behaviors and insistence on sameness (IS) behaviors, in a relatively large sample of participants referred for possible autism at age 2 years and followed into young adulthood (n=85). A strength of this sample was the diverse range of outcomes, including young adults with intellectual disability and persistent autism related difficulties, those with IQs in the borderline or average range who continued to experience functional impairment related to Autism Spectrum Disorders, and a small group of young adults (n=8) with IQs in the average range who were judged to be functioning socially and adaptively at age-appropriate levels at age 19 years, despite a previous childhood diagnosis of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Lord
- Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medical College, USA
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173
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Musiek ES, Holtzman DM. Three dimensions of the amyloid hypothesis: time, space and 'wingmen'. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:800-6. [PMID: 26007213 PMCID: PMC4445458 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis, which has been the predominant framework for research in Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been the source of considerable controversy. The amyloid hypothesis postulates that amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is the causative agent in AD. It is strongly supported by data from rare autosomal dominant forms of AD. However, the evidence that Aβ causes or contributes to age-associated sporadic AD is more complex and less clear, prompting criticism of the hypothesis. We provide an overview of the major arguments for and against the amyloid hypothesis. We conclude that Aβ likely is the key initiator of a complex pathogenic cascade that causes AD. However, we argue that Aβ acts primarily as a trigger of other downstream processes, particularly tau aggregation, which mediate neurodegeneration. Aβ appears to be necessary, but not sufficient, to cause AD. Its major pathogenic effects may occur very early in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Musiek
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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174
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Jarmolowicz AI, Chen HY, Panegyres PK. The patterns of inheritance in early-onset dementia: Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2015; 30:299-306. [PMID: 25147204 PMCID: PMC10852564 DOI: 10.1177/1533317514545825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the patterns of inheritance and gene mutation status in early-onset dementia (EOD). METHODS Data were collected on 202 consecutive patients presenting to an EOD clinic. Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD, n = 120) and early-onset frontotemporal dementia (EOFTD, n = 82) were studied. RESULTS The majority of participants, 72.5% with EOAD and 74.4% with EOFTD, did not have a positive family history of dementia. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance was observed in 14.2% of patients with EOAD and 13.4% of patients with FTD. Of those with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, 11.8% of EOAD and 45.5% of FTD probands had known pathogenic mutations. Only 1.6% of the total population of EOAD and 7.3% of EOFTD possessed known gene mutations. CONCLUSION Early-onset dementia does not appear to be a strongly inherited autosomal dominant condition. The majority of patients were sporadic. Known mutations were uncommon and do not explain the total autosomal dominant burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Jarmolowicz
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Pty Ltd, Subiaco, West Perth, Australia
| | - Huei-Yang Chen
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Pty Ltd, Subiaco, West Perth, Australia
| | - Peter K Panegyres
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Pty Ltd, Subiaco, West Perth, Australia
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175
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Kumar NT, Liestøl K, Løberg EM, Reims HM, Mæhlen J. Apolipoprotein E allelotype is associated with neuropathological findings in Alzheimer's disease. Virchows Arch 2015; 467:225-35. [PMID: 25898889 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In a consecutive hospital-based autopsy series, we examined the relationship between apolipoprotein E (apoE) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and investigated the clinicopathological relationship in AD. The study population included 99 patients (mean age 81 years) with AD-related neuropathological findings at death, of whom 83 were diagnosed with AD according to the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) classification, and a control group of patients without neurodegenerative disease (n = 1429). The patients were apoE genotyped and the density of β-amyloid senile plaques, neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles was estimated in the cortex and hippocampus. The utility of immunohistochemical staining using an antibody directed against apoE4 in paraffin-embedded tissue was also evaluated. Among patients with "definite AD" according to CERAD, 65 % were ε4 carriers, compared to 32 % among controls (p < 0.001). The risk of ε4 carriers to develop AD was higher (odds ratio = 4.65, p = 0.001) than for non-ε4 carriers. The amount of β-amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary pathology differed significantly (p < 0.01) between the genotypes, with increasing densities from ε2 carriers to homozygous ε4 carriers. The effect of ε4 on the presence of clinical symptoms was attenuated and non-significant after adjusting for AD-related neuropathological findings. There was an association between these findings and the presence of clinical symptoms of AD, with neurofibrillary tangles separating patients with and without symptoms of AD markedly better than β-amyloid. In addition, we found a strong relationship between genotype and immunohistochemical apoE4-staining intensity. In conclusion, this Scandinavian autopsy study shows that the apoE polymorphism is associated with the probability of AD and influences the deposition of β-amyloid and neurofibrillary pathology. Our findings suggest that the association between apoE and clinical manifestations of AD is mediated mainly through the neuropathological features of AD. Further, we found a relationship between AD-related findings and clinical symptoms of AD with neurofibrillary tangles associating most strongly with clinical symptoms. Finally, immunohistochemical staining in brain specimens is useful for determining ε4- or non-ε4-carrier status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Theresa Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, P.O. Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway,
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176
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Oxidative Stress during the Progression of β-Amyloid Pathology in the Neocortex of the Tg2576 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:967203. [PMID: 25973140 PMCID: PMC4418010 DOI: 10.1155/2015/967203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by progressive neurodegeneration. Pathogenetic mechanisms, triggered by β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, include oxidative stress, derived from energy homeostasis deregulation and involving mitochondria and peroxisomes. We here addressed the oxidative stress status and the elicited cellular response at the onset and during the progression of Aβ pathology, studying the neocortex of Tg2576 model of AD. Age-dependent changes of oxidative damage markers, antioxidant enzymes, and related transcription factors were analysed in relation to the distribution of Aβ peptide and oligomers, by a combined molecular/morphological approach. Nucleic acid oxidative damage, accompanied by defective antioxidant defences, and decreased PGC1α expression are already detected in 3-month-old Tg2576 neurons. Conversely, PPARα is increased in these cells, with its cytoplasmic localization suggesting nongenomic, anti-inflammatory actions. At 6 months, when intracellular Aβ accumulates, PMP70 is downregulated, indicating impairment of fatty acids peroxisomal translocation and their consequent harmful accumulation. In 9-month-old Tg2576 neocortex, Aβ oligomers and acrolein deposition correlate with GFAP, GPX1, and PMP70 increases, supporting a compensatory response, involving astroglial peroxisomes. At severe pathological stages, when senile plaques disrupt cortical cytoarchitecture, antioxidant capacity is gradually lost. Overall, our data suggest early therapeutic intervention in AD, also targeting peroxisomes.
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177
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Yang T, Wang J, Sun Q, Hibar DP, Jahanshad N, Liu L, Wang Y, Zhan L, Thompson PM, Ye J. Detecting Genetic Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease in Whole Genome Sequence Data via Lasso Screening. PROCEEDINGS. IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2015; 2015:985-989. [PMID: 26413209 DOI: 10.1109/isbi.2015.7164036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors play a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) whole genome sequence (WGS) data offers new power to investigate mechanisms of AD by combining entire genome sequences with neuroimaging and clinical data. Here we explore the ADNI WGS SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) data in depth and extract approximately six million valid SNP features. We investigate imaging genetics associations using Lasso regression-a widely used sparse learning technique. To solve the large-scale Lasso problem more efficiently, we employ a highly efficient screening rule for Lasso-called dual polytope projections (DPP)-to remove irrelevant features from the optimization problem. Experiments demonstrate that the DPP can effectively identify irrelevant features and leads to a 400× speedup. This allows us for the first time to run the compute-intensive model selection procedure called stability selection to rank SNPs that may affect the brain and AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ, USA ; Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ, USA ; Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Qian Sun
- Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ, USA ; Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Derrek P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Liang Zhan
- Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jieping Ye
- Dept. of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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178
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Tang C, Wang Y, Lan D, Feng X, Zhu X, Nie P, Yue H. Analysis of gene expression profiles reveals the regulatory network of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein mediating the growth of BHK-21 cells. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:678-89. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yuanwei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Daoliang Lan
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xin Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Peiting Nie
- College of Life Science and Technology; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
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179
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Deciphering metabolic abnormalities associated with Alzheimer's disease in the APP/PS1 mouse model using integrated metabolomic approaches. Biochimie 2015; 110:119-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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180
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Advances in Alzheimer's disease: from bench to bedside. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:202676. [PMID: 25789309 PMCID: PMC4350579 DOI: 10.1155/2015/202676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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181
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Yue JK, Pronger AM, Ferguson AR, Temkin NR, Sharma S, Rosand J, Sorani MD, McAllister TW, Barber J, Winkler EA, Burchard EG, Hu D, Lingsma HF, Cooper SR, Puccio AM, Okonkwo DO, Diaz-Arrastia R, Manley GT. Association of a common genetic variant within ANKK1 with six-month cognitive performance after traumatic brain injury. Neurogenetics 2015; 16:169-80. [PMID: 25633559 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-015-0437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic association analyses suggest that certain common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may adversely impact recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Delineating their causal relationship may aid in development of novel interventions and in identifying patients likely to respond to targeted therapies. We examined the influence of the (C/T) SNP rs1800497 of ANKK1 on post-TBI outcome using data from two prospective multicenter studies: the Citicoline Brain Injury Treatment (COBRIT) trial and Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Pilot (TRACK-TBI Pilot). We included patients with ANKK1 genotyping results and cognitive outcomes at six months post-TBI (n = 492: COBRIT n = 272, TRACK-TBI Pilot n = 220). Using the California Verbal Learning Test Second Edition (CVLT-II) Trial 1-5 Standard Score, we found a dose-dependent effect for the T allele, with T/T homozygotes scoring lowest on the CVLT-II Trial 1-5 Standard Score (T/T 45.1, C/T 51.1, C/C 52.1, ANOVA, p = 0.008). Post hoc testing with multiple comparison-correction indicated that T/T patients performed significantly worse than C/T and C/C patients. Similar effects were observed in a test of non-verbal processing (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Processing Speed Index). Our findings extend those of previous studies reporting a negative relationship of the ANKK1 T allele with cognitive performance after TBI. In this study, we demonstrate the value of pooling shared clinical, biomarker, and outcome variables from two large datasets applying the NIH TBI Common Data Elements. The results have implications for future multicenter investigations to further elucidate the role of ANKK1 in post-TBI outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Yue
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
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182
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Wang M, Li Y, Lin L, Song G, Deng T. GSTM1 Null Genotype and GSTP1 Ile105Val Polymorphism Are Associated with Alzheimer's Disease: a Meta-Analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1355-1364. [PMID: 25633095 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Published studies on the associations between glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphisms and Alzheimer's disease reported controversial findings. A meta-analysis of published studies was performed to assess the associations between polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1, and Alzheimer's disease. PubMed, Embase, and other databases were searched for case-control on the associations between polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1, and Alzheimer's disease. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to assess the associations. Eleven articles were finally included into the meta-analysis, including eight studies on GSTM1 null genotype, six studies on GSTT1 null genotype, and six studies on GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism. Overall, GSTM1 null genotype was associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (fixed effect OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.10-1.64, P = 0.004). GSTT1 null genotype was not associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease (random effect OR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.68-1.92, P = 0.60). Besides, GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (Val vs Ile: OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.05-1.99, P = 0.023; ValVal vs IleIle: OR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.30-2.69, P = 0.001; ValVal vs IleIle + IleVal: OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.24-2.51, P = 0.002). No obvious risk of publication bias was observed in the meta-analysis. GSTM1 null genotype and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. More studies with large sample size are needed to validate the findings in the meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Wang
- Neurology Department No.1, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yu Li
- Neurology Department No.1, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lulu Lin
- Neurology Department No.1, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Guijun Song
- Neurology Department No.1, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Teng Deng
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
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183
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Genetic Association Between APP, ADAM10 Gene Polymorphism, and Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease in the Chinese Population. Neurotox Res 2015; 27:284-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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184
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Orack JC, Deleidi M, Pitt D, Mahajan K, Nicholas JA, Boster AL, Racke MK, Comabella M, Watanabe F, Imitola J. Concise review: modeling multiple sclerosis with stem cell biological platforms: toward functional validation of cellular and molecular phenotypes in inflammation-induced neurodegeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:252-60. [PMID: 25593207 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in identifying novel mechanisms and new medications that regulate immune cell function in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, a significant unmet need is the identification of the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration, because patients continue to manifest brain atrophy and disability despite current therapies. Neural and mesenchymal stem cells have received considerable attention as therapeutic candidates to ameliorate the disease in preclinical and phase I clinical trials. More recently, progress in somatic cell reprogramming and induced pluripotent stem cell technology has allowed the generation of human "diseased" neurons in a patient-specific setting and has provided a unique biological tool that can be used to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration. In the present review, we discuss the application and challenges of these technologies, including the generation of neurons, oligodendrocytes, and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) from patients and novel stem cell and OPC cellular arrays, in the discovery of new mechanistic insights and the future development of MS reparative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Orack
- Multiple Sclerosis Center and Laboratory for Neural Stem Cells, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michela Deleidi
- Multiple Sclerosis Center and Laboratory for Neural Stem Cells, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Pitt
- Multiple Sclerosis Center and Laboratory for Neural Stem Cells, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kedar Mahajan
- Multiple Sclerosis Center and Laboratory for Neural Stem Cells, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacqueline A Nicholas
- Multiple Sclerosis Center and Laboratory for Neural Stem Cells, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aaron L Boster
- Multiple Sclerosis Center and Laboratory for Neural Stem Cells, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael K Racke
- Multiple Sclerosis Center and Laboratory for Neural Stem Cells, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Comabella
- Multiple Sclerosis Center and Laboratory for Neural Stem Cells, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fumihiro Watanabe
- Multiple Sclerosis Center and Laboratory for Neural Stem Cells, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Imitola
- Multiple Sclerosis Center and Laboratory for Neural Stem Cells, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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185
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Application of human induced pluripotent stem cells for modeling and treating neurodegenerative diseases. N Biotechnol 2015; 32:212-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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186
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Moon SW, Dinov ID, Kim J, Zamanyan A, Hobel S, Thompson PM, Toga AW. Structural Neuroimaging Genetics Interactions in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 48:1051-63. [PMID: 26444770 PMCID: PMC4730943 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article investigates late-onset cognitive impairment using neuroimaging and genetics biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants. Eight-hundred and eight ADNI subjects were identified and divided into three groups: 200 subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 383 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 225 asymptomatic normal controls (NC). Their structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were parcellated using BrainParser, and the 80 most important neuroimaging biomarkers were extracted using the global shape analysis Pipeline workflow. Using Plink via the Pipeline environment, we obtained 80 SNPs highly-associated with the imaging biomarkers. In the AD cohort, rs2137962 was significantly associated bilaterally with changes in the hippocampi and the parahippocampal gyri, and rs1498853, rs288503, and rs288496 were associated with the left and right hippocampi, the right parahippocampal gyrus, and the left inferior temporal gyrus. In the MCI cohort, rs17028008 and rs17027976 were significantly associated with the right caudate and right fusiform gyrus, rs2075650 (TOMM40) was associated with the right caudate, and rs1334496 and rs4829605 were significantly associated with the right inferior temporal gyrus. In the NC cohort, Chromosome 15 [rs734854 (STOML1), rs11072463 (PML), rs4886844 (PML), and rs1052242 (PML)] was significantly associated with both hippocampi and both insular cortices, and rs4899412 (RGS6) was significantly associated with the caudate. We observed significant correlations between genetic and neuroimaging phenotypes in the 808 ADNI subjects. These results suggest that differences between AD, MCI, and NC cohorts may be examined by using powerful joint models of morphometric, imaging and genotypic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Woo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ivo D. Dinov
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- University of Michigan, School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jaebum Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Alen Zamanyan
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sam Hobel
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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187
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Hampel H, Schneider LS, Giacobini E, Kivipelto M, Sindi S, Dubois B, Broich K, Nisticò R, Aisen PS, Lista S. Advances in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease: targeting amyloid beta and tau and perspectives for the future. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 15:83-105. [PMID: 25537424 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.995637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide multidisciplinary translational research has led to a growing knowledge of the genetics and molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) indicating that pathophysiological brain alterations occur decades before clinical signs and symptoms of cognitive decline can be diagnosed. Consequently, therapeutic concepts and targets have been increasingly focused on early-stage illness before the onset of dementia; and distinct classes of compounds are now being tested in clinical trials. At present, there is a growing consensus that therapeutic progress in AD delaying disease progression would significantly decrease the expanding global burden. The evolving hypothesis- and evidence-based generation of new diagnostic research criteria for early-stage AD has positively impacted the development of clinical trial designs and the characterization of earlier and more specific target populations for trials in prodromal as well as in pre- and asymptomatic at-risk stages of AD.
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188
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Cantarella G, Di Benedetto G, Puzzo D, Privitera L, Loreto C, Saccone S, Giunta S, Palmeri A, Bernardini R. Neutralization of TNFSF10 ameliorates functional outcome in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 138:203-16. [PMID: 25472798 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common causes of death worldwide, with poor treatment options. A tissue landmark of Alzheimer's disease is accumulation of the anomalous protein amyloid-β in specific brain areas. Whether inflammation is an effect of amyloid-β on the Alzheimer's disease brain, or rather it represents a cause for formation of amyloid plaques and intracellular tangles remains a subject of debate. TNFSF10, a proapoptotic cytokine of the TNF superfamily, is a mediator of amyloid-β neurotoxicity. Here, we demonstrate that blocking TNFSF10 by administration of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody could attenuate the amyloid-β-induced neurotoxicity in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (3xTg-AD). The effects of TNFSF10 neutralization on either cognitive parameters, as well as on the expression of TNFSF10, amyloid-β, inflammatory mediators and GFAP were studied in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice. Treatment with the TNFSF10 neutralizing antibody resulted in dramatic improvement of cognitive parameters, as assessed by the Morris water maze test and the novel object recognition test. These results were correlated with decreased protein expression of TNFSF10, amyloid-β, inflammatory mediators and GFAP in the hippocampus. Finally, neutralization of TNFSF10 results in functional improvement and restrained immune/inflammatory response in the brain of 3xTg-AD mice in vivo. Thus, it is plausible to regard the TNFSF10 system as a potential target for efficacious treatment of amyloid-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Cantarella
- 1 Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Benedetto
- 1 Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy 2 Li-Sa Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Roma 'La Sapienza', 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Puzzo
- 3 Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Privitera
- 3 Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Loreto
- 4 Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- 5 Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giunta
- 4 Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Palmeri
- 3 Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Renato Bernardini
- 1 Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
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189
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Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-014-0026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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190
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Saraceno C, Marcello E, Di Marino D, Borroni B, Claeysen S, Perroy J, Padovani A, Tramontano A, Gardoni F, Di Luca M. SAP97-mediated ADAM10 trafficking from Golgi outposts depends on PKC phosphorylation. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1547. [PMID: 25429624 PMCID: PMC4260750 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is the major α-secretase that catalyzes the amyloid precursor protein (APP) ectodomain shedding in the brain and prevents amyloid formation. Its activity depends on correct intracellular trafficking and on synaptic membrane insertion. Here, we describe that in hippocampal neurons the synapse-associated protein-97 (SAP97), an excitatory synapse scaffolding element, governs ADAM10 trafficking from dendritic Golgi outposts to synaptic membranes. This process is mediated by a previously uncharacterized protein kinase C phosphosite in SAP97 SRC homology 3 domain that modulates SAP97 association with ADAM10. Such mechanism is essential for ADAM10 trafficking from the Golgi outposts to the synapse, but does not affect ADAM10 transport from the endoplasmic reticulum. Notably, this process is altered in Alzheimer's disease brains. These results help in understanding the mechanism responsible for the modulation of ADAM10 intracellular path, and can constitute an innovative therapeutic strategy to finely tune ADAM10 shedding activity towards APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Saraceno
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - E Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - D Di Marino
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro, 5-00187 Rome, Italy
| | - B Borroni
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - S Claeysen
- 1] CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France [2] Inserm, U661, Montpellier, France [3] Universités de Montpellier 1 and 2, UMR-5203, Montpellier, France
| | - J Perroy
- 1] CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France [2] Inserm, U661, Montpellier, France [3] Universités de Montpellier 1 and 2, UMR-5203, Montpellier, France
| | - A Padovani
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - A Tramontano
- 1] Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro, 5-00187 Rome, Italy [2] Institute Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro, 5-00187 Rome, Italy
| | - F Gardoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - M Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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191
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Bagnoli S, Piaceri I, Sorbi S, Nacmias B. Advances in imaging-genetic relationships for Alzheimer's disease: clinical implications. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2014; 4:73-81. [PMID: 24640981 DOI: 10.2217/nmt.13.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and represents a major public health problem. From a clinical perspective, AD is devastating to patients and their families. The genetic approach to the study of dementia undoubtedly continues to provide a significant contribution to understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic perspectives, but also raises important ethical implications. With advances in new technology, including genetics and PET/MRI scanning, the role of genetic studies and neuroimaging is being redefined as an aid in the clinical diagnosis of AD, and also in presymptomatic evaluation. Here, we review some of the issues related to the neuroimaging-genetic relationship in AD with a possible clinical implication as a preclinical biomarker for dementia and also for tracking disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bagnoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research & Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
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192
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Gusareva ES, Carrasquillo MM, Bellenguez C, Cuyvers E, Colon S, Graff-Radford NR, Petersen RC, Dickson DW, Mahachie John JM, Bessonov K, Van Broeckhoven C, Harold D, Williams J, Amouyel P, Sleegers K, Ertekin-Taner N, Lambert JC, Van Steen K. Genome-wide association interaction analysis for Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2436-2443. [PMID: 24958192 PMCID: PMC4370231 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We propose a minimal protocol for exhaustive genome-wide association interaction analysis that involves screening for epistasis over large-scale genomic data combining strengths of different methods and statistical tools. The different steps of this protocol are illustrated on a real-life data application for Alzheimer's disease (AD) (2259 patients and 6017 controls from France). Particularly, in the exhaustive genome-wide epistasis screening we identified AD-associated interacting SNPs-pair from chromosome 6q11.1 (rs6455128, the KHDRBS2 gene) and 13q12.11 (rs7989332, the CRYL1 gene) (p = 0.006, corrected for multiple testing). A replication analysis in the independent AD cohort from Germany (555 patients and 824 controls) confirmed the discovered epistasis signal (p = 0.036). This signal was also supported by a meta-analysis approach in 5 independent AD cohorts that was applied in the context of epistasis for the first time. Transcriptome analysis revealed negative correlation between expression levels of KHDRBS2 and CRYL1 in both the temporal cortex (β = -0.19, p = 0.0006) and cerebellum (β = -0.23, p < 0.0001) brain regions. This is the first time a replicable epistasis associated with AD was identified using a hypothesis free screening approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Gusareva
- Systems and Modeling Unit, Montefiore Institute, University of Liege, Belgium; Bioinformatics and Modeling, GIGA-R, University of Liege, Belgium.
| | | | - Céline Bellenguez
- INSERM U744, Lille, France; Department of Public Health and Molecular Epidemiology of Aging Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France; Universite de Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Elise Cuyvers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Samuel Colon
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jestinah M Mahachie John
- Systems and Modeling Unit, Montefiore Institute, University of Liege, Belgium; Bioinformatics and Modeling, GIGA-R, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Kyrylo Bessonov
- Systems and Modeling Unit, Montefiore Institute, University of Liege, Belgium; Bioinformatics and Modeling, GIGA-R, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Denise Harold
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Julie Williams
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- INSERM U744, Lille, France; Department of Public Health and Molecular Epidemiology of Aging Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France; Universite de Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- INSERM U744, Lille, France; Department of Public Health and Molecular Epidemiology of Aging Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France; Universite de Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Kristel Van Steen
- Systems and Modeling Unit, Montefiore Institute, University of Liege, Belgium; Bioinformatics and Modeling, GIGA-R, University of Liege, Belgium
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193
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Santiago JA, Potashkin JA. A network approach to clinical intervention in neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:694-703. [PMID: 25455073 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Network biology has become a powerful tool to dissect the molecular mechanisms triggering neurodegeneration. Recent developments in network biology have led to the discovery of disease-causing genes, diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets for several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Network-based approaches have provided the molecular rationale for the relationship among cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases, and have uncovered unexpected links between apparently unrelated diseases. Here, we summarize the recent advances in network biology to untangle the molecular underpinnings giving rise to the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. We propose that network analysis provides a feasible and practical tool for identifying biologically meaningful biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for clinical intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Santiago
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064-3037, USA
| | - Judith A Potashkin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064-3037, USA.
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194
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de Oliveira FF, Bertolucci PHF, Chen ES, Smith MC. Risk factors for age at onset of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease in a sample of patients with low mean schooling from São Paulo, Brazil. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 29:1033-9. [PMID: 24596166 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In view of the mild effects of pharmacological treatment for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), the search for modifiable risk factors is an important challenge. Although risk factors for AD are widely recognized, elements that influence the time of onset of the dementia syndrome have not been comprehensively reported. We aimed to investigate which risk factors might be associated with the age at onset of AD in a sample of patients with low mean schooling from São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS We included 210 consecutive patients with late-onset AD to investigate whether education, gender, nationality, urban living and sanitation, occupation, cognitive and physical inactivity, head trauma, depression, systemic infections, surgical interventions, cerebrovascular risk factors, family history of neurodegenerative diseases or cardiovascular diseases and apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) haplotypes might be related to the age at AD onset. RESULTS Each copy of APOE-ε4 led to onset of AD almost 2 years earlier, while depression, smoking, higher body mass index and family history of cardiovascular diseases were also highly significant. Protective factors included non-Brazilian nationality, use of a pacemaker and waist circumference. Cerebrovascular risk factors had a mild combined effect for earlier onset of AD. CONCLUSION APOE haplotypes, depression, nationality and cerebrovascular risk factors were the most important elements to influence the age at AD onset in this sample, whereas gender, education, occupation and physical activities had no isolated effects over the age at onset of this dementia syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Ferreira de Oliveira
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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195
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Berger M, Burke J, Eckenhoff R, Mathew J. Alzheimer's disease, anesthesia, and surgery: a clinically focused review. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014; 28:1609-23. [PMID: 25267693 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James Burke
- Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Roderick Eckenhoff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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196
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TL-2 attenuates β-amyloid induced neuronal apoptosis through the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:1511-9. [PMID: 24641999 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145714000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
β-amyloid (Aβ)-mediated neuronal apoptosis contributes to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the exact mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether Dalesconol B (TL-2), a potent immunosuppressive agent with an unusual carbon skeleton, could inhibit Aβ-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Aβ(1-42) was injected to bilateral hippocampus of mice to make the AD models in vivo. TL-2 was able to cross the blood-brain barrier and attenuate memory deficits in the AD mice. TL-2 also inhibited Aβ(1-42)-induced neuronal apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, TL-2 could activate the AKT/GSK-3β pathway, and inhibition of AKT and activation of GSK-3β partially eliminated the neuroprotective effects of TL-2. Furthermore, TL-2 induced the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and enhanced its transcriptional activity through the AKT/GSK-3β pathway to promote neuronal survival. These results suggest that TL-2 might be a potential drug for AD treatment.
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197
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Lau P, Frigerio CS, De Strooper B. Variance in the identification of microRNAs deregulated in Alzheimer's disease and possible role of lincRNAs in the pathology: the need of larger datasets. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 17:43-53. [PMID: 24607832 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, represent the next major step in understanding the complexity of gene regulation and expression. In the past decade, tremendous efforts have been put mainly into identifying microRNAs that are changed in Alzheimer's disease, with the goal to provide biomarkers of the disease and to better characterize molecular pathways that are deregulated concomitantly to the formation of Tau and amyloid aggregates. This review underlines the importance of correctly defining, in a deluge of high-throughput data, which microRNAs are abnormally expressed in Alzheimer's disease patients. Despite a clear lack of consensus on the topic, miR-132 is emerging as a neuronal microRNA being gradually down-regulated during disease and showing important roles in the maintenance of brain integrity. Insight into the biological importance of other classes of non-coding RNAs also rapidly increased over the last years and therefore we discuss the possible implication of long non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lau
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders (LIND) and University of Leuven, O&N4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlo Sala Frigerio
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders (LIND) and University of Leuven, O&N4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders (LIND) and University of Leuven, O&N4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
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Inestrosa NC, Varela-Nallar L. Wnt signaling in the nervous system and in Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Cell Biol 2014; 6:64-74. [PMID: 24549157 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjt051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnts comprise a large family of proteins that have shown to be part of a signaling cascade that regulates several aspects of development including organogenesis, midbrain development as well as stem cell proliferation. Wnt signaling pathway plays different roles in the development of neuronal circuits and also in the adult brain, where it regulates synaptic transmission and plasticity. It has been also implicated in various diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, reflecting its relevance in fundamental biological processes. This review summarizes the progress about Wnts function in mature nervous system with a focus on Alzheimer's disease (AD). We discuss the prospects of modulating canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling as a strategy for neuroprotection. This will include the potential of Wnts to: (i) act as potent regulators of hippocampal synapses and impact in learning and memory; (ii) regulate adult neurogenesis; and finally (iii) control AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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199
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Is Alzheimer's disease related to metabolic syndrome? A Wnt signaling conundrum. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 121:125-46. [PMID: 25084549 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, affecting more than 36 million people worldwide. AD is characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive functions. For years, it has been thought that age is the main risk factor for AD. Recent studies suggest that life style factors, including nutritional behaviors, play a critical role in the onset of dementia. Evidence about the relationship between nutritional behavior and AD includes the role of conditions such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and elevated glucose levels. The coexistence of some of these cardio-metabolic risk factors is generally known as metabolic syndrome (MS). Some clinical studies support the role of MS in the onset of AD. However, the cross-talk between the molecular signaling implicated in these disorders is unknown. In the present review, we focus on the molecular correlates that support the relationship between MS and the onset of AD. We also discuss relevant issues such as the role of leptin, insulin and renin-angiotensin signaling in the brain and the possible role of Wnt signaling in both MS and AD. We discuss the evidence supporting the use of ob/ob mice, high-fructose diets, aortic coarctation-induced hypertension and Octodon degus, which spontaneously develops β-amyloid deposits and metabolic derangements, as suitable animal models to address the relationships between MS and AD. Finally, we examine emergent data supporting the role of Wnt signaling in the modulation of AD and MS, implicating this pathway as a therapeutic target in both conditions.
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200
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Suppression of InsP3 receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling alleviates mutant presenilin-linked familial Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. J Neurosci 2014; 34:6910-23. [PMID: 24828645 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5441-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exaggerated intracellular Ca(2+) signaling is a robust proximal phenotype observed in cells expressing familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD)-causing mutant presenilins (PSs). The mechanisms that underlie this phenotype are controversial and their in vivo relevance for AD pathogenesis is unknown. Here, we used a genetic approach to identify the mechanisms involved and to evaluate their role in the etiology of AD in two FAD mouse models. Genetic reduction of the type 1 inositol trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R1) by 50% normalized exaggerated Ca(2+) signaling observed in cortical and hippocampal neurons in both animal models. In PS1M146V knock-in mice, reduced InsP3R1 expression restored normal ryanodine receptor and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-dependent gene expression and rescued aberrant hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). In 3xTg mice, reduced InsP3R1 expression profoundly attenuated amyloid β accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation and rescued hippocampal LTP and memory deficits. These results indicate that exaggerated Ca(2+) signaling, which is associated with FAD PS, is mediated by InsP3R and contributes to disease pathogenesis in vivo. Targeting the InsP3 signaling pathway could be considered a potential therapeutic strategy for patients harboring mutations in PS linked to AD.
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