151
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[H3N(CH2)4NH3]2[Al4(C2O4)(H2PO4)2(PO4)4]·4[H2O]: A new layered aluminum phosphate-oxalate. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2005.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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152
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Liao YC, Jiang YC, Wang SL. Discrete Water Hexamers and Template-Assisted Molecular Recognition in an Elastic Zincophosphate Lattice. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:12794-5. [PMID: 16159261 DOI: 10.1021/ja054357k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Water molecules and terephthalic acid, respectively, exist as a self-assembled monolayer of cyclic (H2O)6 clusters and (TA)infinity chiral chains between the zincophosphate sheets (in blue wires); the irremovable template H3tren3+ ions (in purple wires) are dynamic and could translate back and forth on the sheets during the conversion of the supramolecule contained in one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Chun Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan
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153
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Xifra R, Ribas X, Llobet A, Poater A, Duran M, Solà M, Stack TDP, Benet-Buchholz J, Donnadieu B, Mahía J, Parella T. Fine-Tuning the Electronic Properties of Highly Stable Organometallic CuIII Complexes Containing Monoanionic Macrocyclic Ligands. Chemistry 2005; 11:5146-56. [PMID: 15991206 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A family of highly stable organometallic Cu(III) complexes with monoanionic triazamacrocyclic ligands (L(i)) with general formula [CuL(i)]+ have been prepared and isolated, and their structural, spectroscopic, and redox properties thoroughly investigated. The HL(i) ligands have been designed in order to understand and quantify the electronic effects exerted by electron donor and electron-withdrawing groups on either the aromatic ring or the central secondary amine or on both. In the solid state the Cu(III) complexes were mainly characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, whereas in solution their structural characterization was mainly based on 1H NMR spectroscopy given the diamagnetic nature of the d(8) square-planar Cu(III) complexes. Cyclic voltammetry together with 1H NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy have allowed us to quantify the electronic effects exerted by the ligands on the Cu(III) metal center. A theoretical analysis of this family of Cu(III) complexes has also been undertaken by DFT calculations to gain a deeper insight into the electronic structure of these complexes, which has in turn allowed a greater understanding of the nature of the UV/Vis transitions as well as the molecular orbitals involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raül Xifra
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain
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154
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Selective conversion of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone using a gold catalyst under mild conditions. Catal Letters 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-005-4886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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155
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Wang M, Li JY, Yu JH, Pan QH, Song XW, Xu RR. Assembly of Helical Hydrogen Bonds in a New Layered Aluminophosphate [C6N3H17][Al2(HPO4)(PO4)2]. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:4604-7. [PMID: 15962967 DOI: 10.1021/ic050124i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new layered aluminophosphate, [C6N3H17][Al2(HPO4)(PO4)2] (denoted AlPO-CJ21), has been prepared in an alcoholic system by the use of N-(2-aminoethyl)-piperazine (AEPP) as the template. Its inorganic layer containing a series of bridged six-membered rings (MRs) is a new type of 4.6-net sheet built up from AlO4, PO2(OH)(=O), and PO3(=O) tetrahedra. Interestingly, inorganic helical chains of right- or left-handedness are presented in the aluminophosphate layers, and fascinating hydrogen-bonded helices are self-assembled under solvothermal conditions between organic templates and inorganic sheets via strong hydrogen bondings of O...N atoms. Crystal data: monoclinic, P2(1) (No. 4), a = 10.069(2) A, b = 8.0875(16) A, c = 10.598(2) A, beta = 94.71(3) degrees, z = 2, R(1) = 0.0325 [I > 2sigma(I)], and wR(2) = 0.0807 (all data); Flack parameter: 0.03.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- State Key Lab of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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156
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Fujiwara M, Nishiyama M, Yamamura I, Ohtsuki S, Nomura R. A sol-gel method using acetic anhydride in the presence of cholesterol in organic solution media: preparation of silicas that recognize steroid hormones. Anal Chem 2005; 76:2374-81. [PMID: 15080750 DOI: 10.1021/ac035173w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Silicas were prepared by a sol-gel method from tetraethoxysilane and acetic anhydride in the presence of cholesterol in organic solution media. Some silicas had higher pore volumes than silicas obtained in the absence of cholesterol. The adsorption abilities by these silicas were compared using various compounds in benzene solution. Although no clear difference among their adsorptions of cholesterol was observed, progesterone and other analogous steroid hormones were well adsorbed by silicas prepared in the presence of cholesterol, especially, prepared with n-heptane as an additional solvent. This silica adsorbed steroid hormones more selectively than other analogous compounds such as bisphenol A and hexestrol. On the other hand, a silica prepared by the usual aqueous sol-gel method with cholesterol had no clear adsorption selectivity to steroid hormones. Furthermore, no selective adsorption of steroid hormones was observed in the case of a common silica gel for column chromatography. This unique property of adsorption observed in silicas prepared using acetic anhydride in the presence of cholesterol is likely to be induced by the imprinting effect of the steroid skeleton part of cholesterol in silica matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fujiwara
- Kansai Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST-Kansai), 1 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan.
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157
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Control of the catalytic oxidations mediated by an oxo-bridged non-heme diiron complex: role of additives and reaction conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2004.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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158
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Beale AM, Sankar G, Catlow CRA, Anderson PA, Green TL. Towards an understanding of the oxidation state of cobalt and manganese ions in framework substituted microporous aluminophosphate redox catalysts: An electron paramagnetic resonance and X-ray absorption spectroscopy investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:1856-60. [DOI: 10.1039/b415570j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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159
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Jhung SH, Chang JS, Hwang YK, Grenèche JM, Férey G, Cheetham AK. Isomorphous Substitution of Transition-Metal Ions in the Nanoporous Nickel Phosphate VSB-5. J Phys Chem B 2004; 109:845-50. [PMID: 16866450 DOI: 10.1021/jp046188g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The transition-metal-incorporated nickel phosphate molecular sieves (TMI-VSB-5) have been hydrothermally synthesized at 453 K in weak basic conditions under microwave irradiation. By means of X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) diffuse reflectance, and Mössbauer spectroscopies, successful isomorphous (at least partial) substitution of transition-metal ions in the VSB-5 framework has been verified. Characterization results show that the framework structure of nanoporous VSB-5 can accommodate a substantial level of isomorphous substitution of transition-metal ions up to about 10, 5, and 3 atom % for Fe, Mn, and V, respectively, in both octahedral nickel sites (Mn and Fe) and tetrahedral phosphorus sites (V). The isomorphous substitution including the replacement mechanism was studied by not only the change of unit cell parameters but also spectroscopic analysis. The unit cell parameters of TMI-VSB-5 including a unit cell volume and a-axis length relied on the ionic radii difference between the incorporated ion and the original framework ions such as Ni or P (RTMI - RNi or RTMI - RP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwa Jhung
- Research Center for Nanocatalysts, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Yusung, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
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160
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Bühler B, Schmid A. Process implementation aspects for biocatalytic hydrocarbon oxyfunctionalization. J Biotechnol 2004; 113:183-210. [PMID: 15380656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2003] [Revised: 02/19/2004] [Accepted: 03/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidoreductases catalyze a large variety of regio-, stereo-, and chemoselective hydrocarbon oxyfunctionalizations, reactions, which are important in industrial organic synthesis but difficult to achieve by chemical means. This review summarizes process implementation aspects for the in vivo application of the especially versatile enzyme class of oxygenases, capable of specifically introducing oxygen from molecular oxygen into a large range of organic molecules. Critical issues such as reaching high enzyme activity and specificity, product degradation, cofactor recycling, reactant toxicity, and substrate and oxygen mass transfer can be overcome by biochemical process engineering and biocatalyst engineering. Both strategies provide a growing toolset to facilitate process implementation, optimization, and scale-up. Major advances were achieved via heterologous overexpression of oxygenase genes, directed evolution, metabolic engineering, and in situ product removal. Process examples from industry and academia show that the combined use of different concepts enables efficient oxygenase-based whole-cell catalysis of various commercially interesting reactions such as the biosynthesis of chiral compounds, the specific oxyfunctionalization of complex molecules, and also the synthesis of medium-priced chemicals. Better understanding of the cell metabolism and future developments in both biocatalyst and bioprocess engineering are expected to promote the implementation of many and various industrial biooxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bühler
- Institute of Biotechnology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg HPT, CH-8093
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161
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Nakagaki S, Benedito FL, Wypych F. Anionic iron(III) porphyrin immobilized on silanized kaolinite as catalyst for oxidation reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2004.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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162
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163
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Borges C, Ribeiro MF, Henriques C, Lourenço JP, Murphy DM, Louati A, Gabelica Z. Structural State and Redox Behavior of Framework Co(II) in CoIST-2: A Novel Cobalt-Substituted Aluminophosphate with AEN Topology. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp037251p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Borges
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, P-8000-117 Faro, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P.O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Analytique, ENSCMu, Université de Haute Alsace, 3, rue A. Werner, F-68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France, and Groupe Sécurité et Ecologie
| | - M. F. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, P-8000-117 Faro, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P.O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Analytique, ENSCMu, Université de Haute Alsace, 3, rue A. Werner, F-68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France, and Groupe Sécurité et Ecologie
| | - C. Henriques
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, P-8000-117 Faro, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P.O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Analytique, ENSCMu, Université de Haute Alsace, 3, rue A. Werner, F-68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France, and Groupe Sécurité et Ecologie
| | - J. P. Lourenço
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, P-8000-117 Faro, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P.O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Analytique, ENSCMu, Université de Haute Alsace, 3, rue A. Werner, F-68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France, and Groupe Sécurité et Ecologie
| | - D. M. Murphy
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, P-8000-117 Faro, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P.O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Analytique, ENSCMu, Université de Haute Alsace, 3, rue A. Werner, F-68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France, and Groupe Sécurité et Ecologie
| | - A. Louati
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, P-8000-117 Faro, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P.O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Analytique, ENSCMu, Université de Haute Alsace, 3, rue A. Werner, F-68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France, and Groupe Sécurité et Ecologie
| | - Z. Gabelica
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, P-8000-117 Faro, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P.O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Analytique, ENSCMu, Université de Haute Alsace, 3, rue A. Werner, F-68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France, and Groupe Sécurité et Ecologie
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164
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Prabusankar G, Murugavel R, Butcher RJ. Stabilization of Organosilanetriols in Amine Matrices: Trapping Intermediates between RSi(OH)3 and (RSiO3)3- Anions. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om0499299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Prabusankar
- Departments of Chemistry, Indian Institute of TechnologyBombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India, and Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059
| | - Ramaswamy Murugavel
- Departments of Chemistry, Indian Institute of TechnologyBombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India, and Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059
| | - Ray J. Butcher
- Departments of Chemistry, Indian Institute of TechnologyBombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India, and Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059
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165
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166
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Significance of mesoporous crystals for catalytic application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(04)80198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
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167
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De Vos D, Jacobs P. Zeolite effects in the sustainable and green synthesis of intermediates and fine chemicals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(04)80786-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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168
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Thomas JM, Gai PL. Electron Microscopy and the Materials Chemistry of Solid Catalysts. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-0564(04)48002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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169
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Sanchez-Sanchez M, Sankar G. New structure-directing agents for the specific production of one-dimensional pore mapos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(04)80919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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170
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Modeling the framework stability and catalytic activity of pure and transition metal-doped zeotypes. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-4596(03)00275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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171
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Natarajan S, van Wüllen L, Klein W, Jansen M. Synthesis of a Single Four-Ring (S4R) Molecular Zinc Phosphate and Its Assembly to an Extended Polymeric Structure: A Single-Crystal and in-Situ MAS NMR Investigation. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:6265-73. [PMID: 14514301 DOI: 10.1021/ic0301831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A reaction of ZnO, HCl, H(3)PO(4), and 2-pyridylpiperazine in THF/H(2)O mixture at 75 degrees C for 72 h produces a new zinc phosphate, [(C(5)NH(5))(C(4)N(2)H(10))][Zn(H(2)PO(4))(2)(HPO(4))], I. Zinc phosphate I consists of single four-ring (S4R) units with terminal phosphoryl groups hanging from the Zn center. On reaction with zinc acetate dihydrate in the presence of water at 100 degrees C, I gave another new zinc phosphate, [(C(5)NH(5))(C(4)N(2)H(10))][Zn(2)(H(2)PO(4))(HPO(4))(PO(4))] x 2H(2)O, II. II has a layer structure with apertures formed by 4- and 8-T atoms (T = Zn, P). An examination of the two structures reveals that I and II are related, II being formed by the direct addition of Zn(2+) ions to I. Room-temperature (31)P MAS NMR studies show the presence of different phosphorus species in both compounds. An in-situ (31)P MAS NMR investigation on the formation of II from I in the presence of Zn(2+) ions and water reveals the transformation to be facile. What is noteworthy in this study is that the structural integrity of the S4Rs has been maintained during the formation of II. Donor-acceptor hydrogen bond interactions and pi-pi interactions involving the pyridyl groups also appear to play subtle roles in both phosphates. This study, the first attempt of its kind, combines the principles of supramolecular organic chemistry with inorganic building units and contributes to our understanding of the formation of framework solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Natarajan
- Framework Solids Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560 064, India.
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172
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Franklin IL, Beale AM, Sankar G. On the activity, longevity and recyclability of Mn(II) and Co(II) substituted AlPO-18 catalysts for the conversion of methanol to light olefins. Catal Today 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5861(03)00160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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173
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174
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Sharma VB, Jain SL, Sain B. Methyltrioxorhenium catalyzed aerobic oxidation of organonitrogen compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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175
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176
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Takaki K, Yamamoto J, Matsushita Y, Morii H, Shishido T, Takehira K. Oxidation of Alkanes with Dioxygen Induced by Visible Light and Cu(II) and Fe(III) Chlorides. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2003. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.76.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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177
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Sharma VB, Jain SL, Sain B. Cobalt phthalocyanine catalyzed aerobic oxidation of secondary alcohols: an efficient and simple synthesis of ketones. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)02453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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178
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Glieder A, Farinas ET, Arnold FH. Laboratory evolution of a soluble, self-sufficient, highly active alkane hydroxylase. Nat Biotechnol 2002; 20:1135-9. [PMID: 12368811 DOI: 10.1038/nbt744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2002] [Accepted: 08/29/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have converted cytochrome P450 BM-3 from Bacillus megaterium (P450 BM-3), a medium-chain (C12-C18) fatty acid monooxygenase, into a highly efficient catalyst for the conversion of alkanes to alcohols. The evolved P450 BM-3 exhibits higher turnover rates than any reported biocatalyst for the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons of small to medium chain length (C3-C8). Unlike naturally occurring alkane hydroxylases, the best known of which are the large complexes of methane monooxygenase (MMO) and membrane-associated non-heme iron alkane monooxygenase (AlkB), the evolved enzyme is monomeric, soluble, and requires no additional proteins for catalysis. The evolved alkane hydroxylase was found to be even more active on fatty acids than wild-type BM-3, which was already one of the most efficient fatty acid monooxgenases known. A broad range of substrates including the gaseous alkane propane induces the low to high spin shift that activates the enzyme. This catalyst for alkane hydroxylation at room temperature opens new opportunities for clean, selective hydrocarbon activation for chemical synthesis and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Glieder
- Institute of Biotechnology, Technical University of Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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179
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Corma A, García H. Lewis acids as catalysts in oxidation reactions: from homogeneous to heterogeneous systems. Chem Rev 2002; 102:3837-92. [PMID: 12371904 DOI: 10.1021/cr010333u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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180
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Vaidhyanathan R, Natarajan S, Rao CNR. Three-dimensional open-framework neodymium oxalates with organic functional groups protruding in 12-member channels. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:4496-501. [PMID: 12184767 DOI: 10.1021/ic020197r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two open-framework neodymium oxalates, [NH(3)CH(2)CH(NH(3))CH(3)][Nd(C(2)O(4))(2)(HCOO)].H(2)O (I) and [OC(CH(3))NCH(2)CH(CH(3))NH(3)][Nd(C(2)O(4))(2)].H(2)O (II), have been synthesized hydrothermally in the presence of 1,2-diaminopropane (1,2-DAP) and formic (I) and acetic (II) acids. The Nd atoms in both these oxalates have 9-fold coordination with respect to the oxygens, with the Nd atom in a distorted monocapped square antiprism coordination in I and in an idealized D(3)(h) triply capped trigonal prism coordination in II. The three-dimensional framework structures of I and II are built up by in-plane linkages between the Nd and the oxalate moieties, forming layers with 12-membered honeycomb-like apertures, pillared by an out-of-plane oxalate unit. The 12-memberd channel in I contains a dangling formate group in addition to the disordered amine molecule, while in II, the channel has N-(2-aminopropyl acetimide) molecules formed by the in situ reaction of 1,2-DAP and acetic acid. The accessibility of the formate and N-(2-aminopropyl acetimide) functional groups in I and II, respectively, uniformly distributed within the channels enables chemical manipulation. Crystal data: I, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c (no. 14), M = 459.5, a = 9.0279(4) A, b = 18.1362(8) A, c = 8.5631(4) A, beta = 102.735(10) degrees, V = 1367.56(11) A(3), Z = 4, R(1) = 0.0229, wR(2) = 0.0599 [1782 observed reflections with I > 2sigma(I)]; II, triclinic, space group P(-)1 (no. 2), M = 454.5, a = 8.6222(9) A, b = 9.5683(10) A, c = 9.5712(10) A, alpha = 109.388(2) degrees, beta = 98.508(10) degrees, gamma = 102.361(12) degrees, V = 706.73(13) A(3), Z = 2, R(1) = 0.0446, wR(2) = 0.115 [1730 observed reflections with I > 2sigma(I)].
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vaidhyanathan
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, P.O., Bangalore 560064, India
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Raffard-Pons Y Moll N, Banse F, Miki K, Nierlich M, Girerd JJ. Hydroxylation of Hexane Using Dioxygen and Trimethylhydroquinone: Biomimetic Catalysis by an Unsymmetrical Diiron-μ-Oxo Complex. Eur J Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0682(200208)2002:8<1941::aid-ejic1941>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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182
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Abstract
The design, atomic characterization, performance, and relevance to clean technology of two distinct categories of new nanocatalysts are described and interpreted. Exceptional molecular selectivity and high activity are exhibited by these catalysts. The first category consists of extended, crystallographically ordered inorganic solids possessing nanopores (apertures, cages, and channels), the diameters of which fall in the range of about 0.4 to about 1.5 nm, and the second of discrete bimetallic nanoparticles of diameter 1 to 2 nm, distributed more or less uniformly along the inner walls of mesoporous (ca. 3 to 10 nm diameter) silica supports. Using the principles and practices of solid-state and organometallic chemistry and advanced physico-chemical techniques for in situ and ex situ characterization, a variety of powerful new catalysts has been evolved. Apart from those that, inter alia, simulate the behavior of enzymes in their specificity, shape selectivity, regio-selectivity, and ability to function under ambient conditions, many of these new nanocatalysts are also viable as agents for effecting commercially significant processes in a clean, benign, solvent-free, single-step fashion. In particular, a bifunctional, molecular sieve nanopore catalyst is described that converts cyclohexanone in air and ammonia to its oxime and caprolactam, and a bimetallic nanoparticle catalyst that selectively converts cyclic polyenes into desirable intermediates. Nanocatalysts in the first category are especially effective in facilitating highly selective oxidations in air, and those in the second are well suited to effecting rapid and selective hydrogenations of a range of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Thomas
- Davy Faraday Research Laboratory, The Royal Institution of Great Britain, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, United Kingdom.
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183
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Zenonos C, Sankar G, Corà F, Lewis DW, Pankhurst QA, Catlow CRA, Thomas JM. On the nature of iron species in iron substituted aluminophosphates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b202155b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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184
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Engineering active sites in bifunctional nanopore and bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts for one-step, solvent-free processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(02)80558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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185
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Raja R, Khimyak T, Thomas JM, Hermans S, Johnson BFG. Single-Step, Highly Active, and Highly Selective Nanoparticle Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Key Organic Compounds We gratefully acknowledge the support (by a rolling grant to J.M.T. and an award to B.F.G.J.) of EPSRC (UK), of the Cambridge Overseas Trust (Schlumberger research), and ICI (for T.K.), and the award of a research fellowship (for S.H.) from Newnham College, Cambridge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:4638-4642. [PMID: 12404371 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20011217)40:24<4638::aid-anie4638>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Raja
- The Royal Institution of Great Britain Davy Faraday Research Laboratory 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS (UK)
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186
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Raja R, Khimyak T, Thomas JM, Hermans S, Johnson BFG. Single-Step, Highly Active, and Highly Selective Nanoparticle Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Key Organic Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20011217)113:24<4774::aid-ange4774>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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187
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Raja R, Sankar G, Thomas JM. Bifunctional molecular sieve catalysts for the benign ammoximation of cyclohexanone: one-step, solvent-free production of oxime and epsilon-caprolactam with a mixture of air and ammonia. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:8153-4. [PMID: 11506587 DOI: 10.1021/ja011001+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Raja
- Davy Faraday Research Laboratory The Royal Institution of Great Britain 21 Albemarle Street, London, UK
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188
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Abstract
A major aim for the chemical technology of the future is the avoidance of noxious and environmentally unacceptable organic solvents. In this concept article we discuss more environmentally friendly and highly selective alternatives which we have evolved for carrying out a number of important chemical conversions. These entail the use of porous heterogeneous catalysts in which the active sites have been atomically engineered and fully characterized. Such solid catalysts operate under solvent-free conditions and usually entail one-step processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Thomas
- Royal Institution of Great Britain, Davy Faraday Research Laboratory, London, UK.
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