151
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152
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Mukai H, Watanabe Y. Review: PET imaging with macro- and middle-sized molecular probes. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92:156-170. [PMID: 32660789 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in radiolabeling of macro- and middle-sized molecular probes has been extending possibilities to use PET molecular imaging for dynamic application to drug development and therapeutic evaluation. Theranostics concept also accelerated the use of macro- and middle-sized molecular probes for sharpening the contrast of proper target recognition even the cellular types/subtypes and proper selection of the patients who should be treated by the same molecules recognition. Here, brief summary of the present status of immuno-PET, and then further development of advanced technologies related to immuno-PET, peptidic PET probes, and nucleic acids PET probes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Mukai
- Laboratory for Molecular Delivery and Imaging Technology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
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153
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Zhang B, Vidanapathirana SM, Greineder CF. Site-Specific Modification of Single-Chain Affinity Ligands for Fluorescence Labeling, Radiolabeling, and Bioconjugation. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2355:163-173. [PMID: 34386959 PMCID: PMC9289842 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1617-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Single-chain protein affinity ligands are recombinant polypeptides that recreate the antigen-binding site of parental, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or present unique binding surfaces derived from display technologies, computational design, or other approaches. These diverse ligands have several advantages over full-length mAbs as agents for delivery of small molecule, protein, and nanoparticle cargoes to desired sites in the body. However, they present unique challenges for modification and bioconjugation. Fusion of a LPXTGG motif, or "sortag," and a 5-amino acid, flexible linker to the C-terminus of these affinity ligands enables high-efficiency transpeptidation by the bacterial enzyme, Sortase A, and site-specific addition of fluorophores, radiolabels, or functional groups for oriented and stoichiometrically controlled bioconjugation. We describe in detail this method and address several challenges and pitfalls in the purification and characterization of modified single-chain affinity ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sachith M Vidanapathirana
- Departments of Pharmacology and Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Colin F Greineder
- Departments of Pharmacology and Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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154
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Wu AM. Protein Engineering for Molecular Imaging. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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155
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Miyabe H. Aryne-Mediated Synthesis of Oxygen Heterocycles and Application to Cysteine-Selective Trapping. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-20-934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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156
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Park J, Lee S, Kim Y, Yoo TH. Methods to generate site-specific conjugates of antibody and protein. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 30:115946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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157
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Overcoming Hypoxia-Induced Chemoresistance in Cancer Using a Novel Glycoconjugate of Methotrexate. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 14:ph14010013. [PMID: 33374474 PMCID: PMC7830245 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxygen and nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment is considered a key mechanism responsible for cancer resistance to chemotherapy. Methotrexate (MTX) is a widely incorporated chemotherapeutic agent employed in the treatment of several malignancies. However, drug resistance and systemic toxicity limit the curative effect in most cases. The present work aimed to design, synthesize, and biologically evaluate a novel glucose-methotrexate conjugate (Glu-MTX). Our study showed that Glu-MTX exerts an increased cytotoxic effect on cancer cells in comparison to MTX in hypoxia (1% O2) and glucose starvation conditions. Furthermore, Glu-MTX was found to inhibit the proliferation and migration of cancer cells more effectively than MTX does. Our results demonstrate that the conjugation of MTX to glucose led to an increase in potency against malignant cells under oxygen and nutrient stress. The observations shed light on a potential therapeutic approach to overcome chemoresistance in cancer.
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158
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Jeong HY, Kim H, Lee M, Hong J, Lee JH, Kim J, Choi MJ, Park YS, Kim SC. Development of HER2-Specific Aptamer-Drug Conjugate for Breast Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249764. [PMID: 33371333 PMCID: PMC7767363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, HER2 RNA aptamers were conjugated to mertansine (DM1) and the anti-cancer effectiveness of the conjugate was evaluated in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer models. The conjugate of HER2 aptamer and anticancer drug DM1 (aptamer-drug conjugate, ApDC) was prepared and analyzed using HPLC and mass spectrometry. The cell-binding affinity and cytotoxicity of the conjugate were determined using confocal microscopy and WST-1 assay. The in vivo anti-tumoral efficacy of ApDC was also evaluated in mice carrying BT-474 breast tumors overexpressing HER2. The synthesized HER2-specific RNA aptamers were able to specifically and efficiently bind to HER-positive BT-474 breast cancer cells, but not to HER2-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Also, the HER2-specific ApDC showed strong toxicity to the target cells, BT-474, but not to MDA-MB-231 cells. According to the in vivo analyses drawn from the mouse xenografts of BT-747 tumor, the ApDC was able to more effectively inhibit the tumor growth. Compared to the control group, the mice treated with the ApDC showed a significant reduction of tumor growth. Besides, any significant body weight losses or hepatic toxicities were monitored in the ApDC-treated mice. This research suggests the HER2 aptamer-DM1 conjugate as a target-specific anti-cancer modality and provides experimental evidence supporting its enhanced effectiveness for HER2-overexpressing target tumors. This type of aptamer-conjugated anticancer drug would be utilized as a platform structure for the development of versatile targeted high-performance anticancer drugs by adopting the easy deformability and high affinity of aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Yeon Jeong
- Biois Co., Ltd., Seoul 08390, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (H.K.); (M.L.); (J.H.); (J.H.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Hyeri Kim
- Biois Co., Ltd., Seoul 08390, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (H.K.); (M.L.); (J.H.); (J.H.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Myunghwa Lee
- Biois Co., Ltd., Seoul 08390, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (H.K.); (M.L.); (J.H.); (J.H.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Jinju Hong
- Biois Co., Ltd., Seoul 08390, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (H.K.); (M.L.); (J.H.); (J.H.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Joo Han Lee
- Biois Co., Ltd., Seoul 08390, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (H.K.); (M.L.); (J.H.); (J.H.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Jeonghyeon Kim
- Biois Co., Ltd., Seoul 08390, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (H.K.); (M.L.); (J.H.); (J.H.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Moon Jung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea;
| | - Yong Serk Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.S.P.); (S.-C.K.); Tel.: +82-33-760-2448 (Y.S.P.); +82-2-6959-0363 (S.-C.K.)
| | - Sung-Chun Kim
- Biois Co., Ltd., Seoul 08390, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (H.K.); (M.L.); (J.H.); (J.H.L.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (Y.S.P.); (S.-C.K.); Tel.: +82-33-760-2448 (Y.S.P.); +82-2-6959-0363 (S.-C.K.)
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159
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Khedri M, Rezvantalab S, Maleki R, Rezaei N. Effect of ligand conjugation site on the micellization of Bio-Targeted PLGA-Based nanohybrids: A computational biology approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:4409-4418. [PMID: 33336619 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1857840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of ligand binding position on the polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) is based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) with two different polymer chain length at the atomistic level was presented. We explored the conjugation of riboflavin (RF) ligand from the end of the ribityl chain (N-10) to the polymer strands as well as from the amine group on the isoalloxazine head (N-3). The energy interactions for all samples revealed that the NPs containing ligands from N-10 positions have higher total attraction energies and lower stability in comparison with their peers conjugated from N-3. As NPs containing RF conjugated from N-3 exhibit the lower energy level with 20% and 10% of RF-containing composition for lower and higher. The introduction of RF from the N-10 position in any composition has increased the energy level of nanocarriers. The results of Gibb's free energy confirm the interatomic interaction energies trend where the lowest Gibbs free energy level for N-3 NPs occurs at 20 and 10% of RF-containing polymer content for PLGA10- and PLGA11- based NPs. Furthermore, with N-10 samples based on both polymers, non-targeted models form the stablest particles in each category. These findings are further confirmed with molecular docking analysis which revealed affinity energy of RF toward polymer chain from N-3 and N-10 are -981.57 kJ/mole and -298.23 kJ/mole, respectively. This in-silico study paves the new way for molecular engineering of the bio-responsive PLGA-PEG-RF micelles and can be used to nanoscale tunning of smart carriers used in cancer treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khedri
- Computational Biology And Chemistry Group (CBCG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Rezvantalab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Maleki
- Computational Biology And Chemistry Group (CBCG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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160
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Janson N, Krüger T, Karsten L, Boschanski M, Dierks T, Müller KM, Sewald N. Bifunctional Reagents for Formylglycine Conjugation: Pitfalls and Breakthroughs. Chembiochem 2020; 21:3580-3593. [PMID: 32767537 PMCID: PMC7756428 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Formylglycine-generating enzymes specifically oxidize cysteine within the consensus sequence CxPxR to Cα -formylglycine (FGly). This noncanonical electrophilic amino acid can subsequently be addressed selectively by bioorthogonal hydrazino-iso-Pictet-Spengler (HIPS) or Knoevenagel ligation to attach payloads like fluorophores or drugs to proteins to obtain a defined payload-to-protein ratio. However, the disadvantages of these conjugation techniques include the need for a large excess of conjugation building block, comparably low reaction rates and limited stability of FGly-containing proteins. Therefore, functionalized clickable HIPS and tandem Knoevenagel building blocks were synthesized, conjugated to small proteins (DARPins) and subsequently linked to strained alkyne-containing payloads for protein labeling. This procedure allowed the selective bioconjugation of one or two DBCO-carrying payloads with nearly stoichiometric amounts at low concentrations. Furthermore, an azide-modified tandem Knoevenagel building block enabled the synthesis of branched PEG linkers and the conjugation of two fluorophores, resulting in an improved signal-to-noise ratio in live-cell fluorescence-imaging experiments targeting the EGF receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Janson
- Faculty of ChemistryOrganic and Bioorganic ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Tobias Krüger
- Faculty of ChemistryOrganic and Bioorganic ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Lennard Karsten
- Cellular and Molecular BiotechnologyBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Mareile Boschanski
- Faculty of ChemistryBiochemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Thomas Dierks
- Faculty of ChemistryBiochemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Kristian M. Müller
- Cellular and Molecular BiotechnologyBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Faculty of ChemistryOrganic and Bioorganic ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
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161
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Metcalf KJ, Kimmel BR, Sykora DJ, Modica JA, Parker KA, Berens E, Dai R, Dravid VP, Werb Z, Mrksich M. Synthetic Tuning of Domain Stoichiometry in Nanobody-Enzyme Megamolecules. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 32:143-152. [PMID: 33301672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a method to synthetically tune atomically precise megamolecule nanobody-enzyme conjugates for prodrug cancer therapy. Previous efforts to create heterobifunctional protein conjugates suffered from heterogeneity in domain stoichiometry, which in part led to the failure of antibody-enzyme conjugates in clinical trials. We used the megamolecule approach to synthesize anti-HER2 nanobody-cytosine deaminase conjugates with tunable numbers of nanobody and enzyme domains in a single, covalent molecule. Linking two nanobody domains to one enzyme domain improved avidity to a human cancer cell line by 4-fold but did not increase cytotoxicity significantly due to lowered enzyme activity. In contrast, a megamolecule composed of one nanobody and two enzyme domains resulted in an 8-fold improvement in the catalytic efficiency and increased the cytotoxic effect by over 5-fold in spheroid culture, indicating that the multimeric structure allowed for an increase in local drug activation. Our work demonstrates that the megamolecule strategy can be used to study structure-function relationships of protein conjugate therapeutics with synthetic control of protein domain stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Metcalf
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Blaise R Kimmel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Daniel J Sykora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Justin A Modica
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kelly A Parker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Eric Berens
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Raymond Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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162
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Cheloha RW, Harmand TJ, Wijne C, Schwartz TU, Ploegh HL. Exploring cellular biochemistry with nanobodies. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15307-15327. [PMID: 32868455 PMCID: PMC7650250 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.012960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reagents that bind tightly and specifically to biomolecules of interest remain essential in the exploration of biology and in their ultimate application to medicine. Besides ligands for receptors of known specificity, agents commonly used for this purpose are monoclonal antibodies derived from mice, rabbits, and other animals. However, such antibodies can be expensive to produce, challenging to engineer, and are not necessarily stable in the context of the cellular cytoplasm, a reducing environment. Heavy chain-only antibodies, discovered in camelids, have been truncated to yield single-domain antibody fragments (VHHs or nanobodies) that overcome many of these shortcomings. Whereas they are known as crystallization chaperones for membrane proteins or as simple alternatives to conventional antibodies, nanobodies have been applied in settings where the use of standard antibodies or their derivatives would be impractical or impossible. We review recent examples in which the unique properties of nanobodies have been combined with complementary methods, such as chemical functionalization, to provide tools with unique and useful properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross W Cheloha
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thibault J Harmand
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charlotte Wijne
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas U Schwartz
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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163
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Lee T, Kim JH, Kwon SJ, Park SH, Kim J, Kang HJ, Chung SJ. Photoconjugation of an Fc-Specific Peptide Enables Efficient DAR 2 Antibody-Drug Conjugate Formation. Org Lett 2020; 22:8419-8423. [PMID: 33074682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in current clinical usage have been constructed via the nonspecific conjugation of drugs to antibodies, rendering the manufacturing processes difficult. In this study, a high-affinity IgG Fc-binding peptide equipped with a photoreactive amino acid was developed and successfully conjugated to Glu-382 of trastuzumab in a site-specific manner. The resulting conjugate was employed to generate a DAR 2 ADC product using click chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaeJin Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.,AbTis Co., Ltd., A-815, Suwon Venture Valley II, 142-10, Saneop-ro 156beon-gil, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon 16648, South Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Kim
- AbTis Co., Ltd., A-815, Suwon Venture Valley II, 142-10, Saneop-ro 156beon-gil, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon 16648, South Korea
| | - Se Jeong Kwon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.,AbTis Co., Ltd., A-815, Suwon Venture Valley II, 142-10, Saneop-ro 156beon-gil, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon 16648, South Korea
| | - Sun Hee Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.,AbTis Co., Ltd., A-815, Suwon Venture Valley II, 142-10, Saneop-ro 156beon-gil, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon 16648, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kang
- AbTis Co., Ltd., A-815, Suwon Venture Valley II, 142-10, Saneop-ro 156beon-gil, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon 16648, South Korea
| | - Sang J Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.,AbTis Co., Ltd., A-815, Suwon Venture Valley II, 142-10, Saneop-ro 156beon-gil, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon 16648, South Korea
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164
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Greene MK, Chen T, Robinson E, Straubinger NL, Minx C, Chan DKW, Wang J, Burrows JF, Van Schaeybroeck S, Baker JR, Caddick S, Longley DB, Mager DE, Straubinger RM, Chudasama V, Scott CJ. Controlled coupling of an ultrapotent auristatin warhead to cetuximab yields a next-generation antibody-drug conjugate for EGFR-targeted therapy of KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1502-1512. [PMID: 32913288 PMCID: PMC7653048 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) construction poses numerous challenges that limit clinical progress. In particular, common bioconjugation methods afford minimal control over the site of drug coupling to antibodies. Here, such difficulties are overcome through re-bridging of the inter-chain disulfides of cetuximab (CTX) with auristatin-bearing pyridazinediones, to yield a highly refined anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ADC. METHODS In vitro and in vivo assessment of ADC activity was performed in KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer (PaCa) models with known resistance to CTX therapy. Computational modelling was employed for quantitative prediction of tumour response to various ADC dosing regimens. RESULTS Site-selective coupling of an auristatin to CTX yielded an ADC with an average drug:antibody ratio (DAR) of 3.9, which elicited concentration- and EGFR-dependent cytotoxicity at sub-nanomolar potency in vitro. In human xenografts, the ADC inhibited tumour growth and prolonged survival, with no overt signs of toxicity. Key insights into factors governing ADC efficacy were obtained through a robust mathematical framework, including target-mediated dispositional effects relating to antigen density on tumour cells. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings offer renewed hope for CTX in PaCa therapy, demonstrating that it may be reformatted as a next-generation ADC and combined with a predictive modelling tool to guide successful translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Greene
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Eifion Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ninfa L Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Charlene Minx
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Darren K W Chan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Caddick
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Donald E Mager
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Christopher J Scott
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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165
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Binkley MM, Cui M, Berezin MY, Meacham JM. Antibody Conjugate Assembly on Ultrasound-Confined Microcarrier Particles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6108-6116. [PMID: 33449635 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugates are important next-generation drugs and imaging agents. Assembly of these increasingly complex constructs requires precise control over processing conditions, which is a challenge for conventional manual synthesis. This inadequacy has motivated the pursuit of new approaches for efficient, controlled modification of high-molecular-weight biologics such as proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. We report a novel, hands-free, semiautomated platform for synthetic manipulation of biomolecules using acoustically responsive microparticles as three-dimensional reaction substrates. The microfluidic reactor incorporates a longitudinal acoustic trap that controls the chemical reactions within a localized acoustic field. Forces generated by this field immobilize the microscale substrates against the continuous flow of participating chemical reagents. Thus, the motion of substrates and reactants is decoupled, enabling exquisite control over multistep reaction conditions and providing high-yield, high-purity products with minimal user input. We demonstrate these capabilities by conjugating clinically relevant antibodies with a small molecule. The on-bead synthesis comprises capture of the antibody, coupling of a fluorescent tag, product purification, and product release. Successful capture and modification of a fluorescently labeled antibody are confirmed via fold increases of 49 and 11 in the green (antibody)- and red (small-molecule dye)-channel median intensities determined using flow cytometry. Antibody conjugates assembled on acoustically responsive, ultrasound-confined microparticles exhibit similar quality and quantity to those prepared manually by a skilled technician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Binkley
- Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Jubel Hall, Room 203K, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Mingyang Cui
- Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Jubel Hall, Room 203K, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Mikhail Y Berezin
- Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Jubel Hall, Room 203K, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - J Mark Meacham
- Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Jubel Hall, Room 203K, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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166
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Joubert N, Beck A, Dumontet C, Denevault-Sabourin C. Antibody-Drug Conjugates: The Last Decade. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090245. [PMID: 32937862 PMCID: PMC7558467 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An armed antibody (antibody–drug conjugate or ADC) is a vectorized chemotherapy, which results from the grafting of a cytotoxic agent onto a monoclonal antibody via a judiciously constructed spacer arm. ADCs have made considerable progress in 10 years. While in 2009 only gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg®) was used clinically, in 2020, 9 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved ADCs are available, and more than 80 others are in active clinical studies. This review will focus on FDA-approved and late-stage ADCs, their limitations including their toxicity and associated resistance mechanisms, as well as new emerging strategies to address these issues and attempt to widen their therapeutic window. Finally, we will discuss their combination with conventional chemotherapy or checkpoint inhibitors, and their design for applications beyond oncology, to make ADCs the magic bullet that Paul Ehrlich dreamed of.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Joubert
- GICC EA7501, Equipe IMT, Université de Tours, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alain Beck
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d’Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, 74160 Saint Julien en Genevois, France;
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM, 1052/CNRS 5286/UCBL, 69000 Lyon, France;
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Denevault-Sabourin
- GICC EA7501, Equipe IMT, Université de Tours, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France;
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167
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Juan A, Cimas FJ, Bravo I, Pandiella A, Ocaña A, Alonso-Moreno C. An Overview of Antibody Conjugated Polymeric Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090802. [PMID: 32854255 PMCID: PMC7558516 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are promising drug delivery systems (DDS) for identifying and treating cancer. Active targeting NPs can be generated by conjugation with ligands that bind overexpressed or mutant cell surface receptors on target cells that are poorly or not even expressed on normal cells. Receptor-mediated endocytosis of the NPs occurs and the drug is released inside the cell or in the surrounding tissue due to the bystander effect. Antibodies are the most frequently used ligands to actively target tumor cells. In this context, antibody-based therapies have been extensively used in HER2+ breast cancer. However, some patients inherently display resistance and in advanced stages, almost all eventually progress. Functionalized NPs through conjugation with antibodies appear to be a promising strategy to optimize targeted therapies due to properties related to biocompatibility, suitable delivery control and efficiency of functionalization. This review is focused on the different strategies to conjugate antibodies into polymeric NPs. Recent antibody conjugation approaches applied to the improvement of breast cancer therapy are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Juan
- Oncología traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.); (F.J.C.)
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Cimas
- Oncología traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Iván Bravo
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-CSIC, IBSAL- Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- Oncología traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.); (F.J.C.)
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Hospital clínico San Carlos, IdISSC and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (C.A.-M.); Tel.: +34-635-681806 (A.O.); +34-9675-99200 (C.A.-M)
| | - Carlos Alonso-Moreno
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (C.A.-M.); Tel.: +34-635-681806 (A.O.); +34-9675-99200 (C.A.-M)
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168
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Juan A, Cimas FJ, Bravo I, Pandiella A, Ocaña A, Alonso-Moreno C. Antibody Conjugation of Nanoparticles as Therapeutics for Breast Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6018. [PMID: 32825618 PMCID: PMC7504566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common invasive tumor in women and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Nanomedicine raises high expectations for millions of patients as it can provide better, more efficient, and affordable healthcare, and it has the potential to develop novel therapeutics for the treatment of solid tumors. In this regard, targeted therapies can be encapsulated into nanocarriers, and these nanovehicles are guided to the tumors through conjugation with antibodies-the so-called antibody-conjugated nanoparticles (ACNPs). ACNPs can preserve the chemical structure of drugs, deliver them in a controlled manner, and reduce toxicity. As certain breast cancer subtypes and indications have limited therapeutic options, this field provides hope for the future treatment of patients with difficult to treat breast cancers. In this review, we discuss the application of ACNPs for the treatment of this disease. Given the fact that ACNPs have shown clinical activity in this clinical setting, special emphasis on the role of the nanovehicles and their translation to the clinic is placed on the revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Juan
- Oncología Traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.); (F.J.C.)
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Cimas
- Oncología Traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.); (F.J.C.)
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Oncología Traslacional, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Iván Bravo
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-CSIC, IBSAL- Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- Oncología Traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.); (F.J.C.)
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Hospital clínico San Carlos, IdISSC and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Moreno
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
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169
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Kiseleva RY, Glassman PG, LeForte KM, Walsh LR, Villa CH, Shuvaev VV, Myerson JW, Aprelev PA, Marcos-Contreras OA, Muzykantov VR, Greineder CF. Bivalent engagement of endothelial surface antigens is critical to prolonged surface targeting and protein delivery in vivo. FASEB J 2020; 34:11577-11593. [PMID: 32738178 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902515rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery to the endothelium has the potential to generate localized therapeutic effects at the blood-tissue interface. For some therapeutic cargoes, it is essential to maintain contact with the bloodstream to exert protective effects. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of endothelial surface-targeted affinity ligands and biotherapeutic cargo remain a largely unexplored area, despite obvious translational implications for this strategy. To bridge this gap, we site-specifically radiolabeled mono- (scFv) and bivalent (mAb) affinity ligands specific for the endothelial cell adhesion molecules, PECAM-1 (CD31) and ICAM-1 (CD54). Radiotracing revealed similar lung biodistribution at 30 minutes post-injection (79.3% ± 4.2% vs 80.4% ± 10.6% ID/g for αICAM and 58.9% ± 3.6% ID/g vs. 47.7% ± 5.8% ID/g for αPECAM mAb vs. scFv), but marked differences in organ residence time, with antibodies demonstrating an order of magnitude greater area under the lung concentration vs. time curve (AUCinf 1698 ± 352 vs. 53.3 ± 7.9 ID/g*hrs for αICAM and 1023 ± 507 vs. 114 ± 37 ID/g*hrs for αPECAM mAb vs scFv). A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model, fit to and validated using these data, indicated contributions from both superior binding characteristics and prolonged circulation time supporting multiple binding-detachment cycles. We tested the ability of each affinity ligand to deliver a prototypical surface cargo, thrombomodulin (TM), using one-to-one protein conjugates. Bivalent mAb-TM was superior to monovalent scFv-TM in both pulmonary targeting and lung residence time (AUCinf 141 ± 3.2 vs 12.4 ± 4.2 ID/g*hrs for ICAM and 188 ± 90 vs 34.7 ± 19.9 ID/g*hrs for PECAM), despite having similar blood PK, indicating that binding strength is more important parameter than the kinetics of binding. To maximize bivalent target engagement, we synthesized an oriented, end-to-end anti-ICAM mAb-TM conjugate and found that this therapeutic had the best lung residence time (AUCinf 253 ± 18 ID/g*hrs) of all TM modalities. These observations have implications not only for the delivery of TM, but also potentially all therapeutics targeted to the endothelial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yu Kiseleva
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P G Glassman
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K M LeForte
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L R Walsh
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C H Villa
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - V V Shuvaev
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J W Myerson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P A Aprelev
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - O A Marcos-Contreras
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - V R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C F Greineder
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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170
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Baalmann M, Neises L, Bitsch S, Schneider H, Deweid L, Werther P, Ilkenhans N, Wolfring M, Ziegler MJ, Wilhelm J, Kolmar H, Wombacher R. A Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry Toolbox for Targeted Synthesis of Branched and Well-Defined Protein-Protein Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12885-12893. [PMID: 32342666 PMCID: PMC7496671 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry holds great potential to generate difficult-to-access protein-protein conjugate architectures. Current applications are hampered by challenging protein expression systems, slow conjugation chemistry, use of undesirable catalysts, or often do not result in quantitative product formation. Here we present a highly efficient technology for protein functionalization with commonly used bioorthogonal motifs for Diels-Alder cycloaddition with inverse electron demand (DAinv ). With the aim of precisely generating branched protein chimeras, we systematically assessed the reactivity, stability and side product formation of various bioorthogonal chemistries directly at the protein level. We demonstrate the efficiency and versatility of our conjugation platform using different functional proteins and the therapeutic antibody trastuzumab. This technology enables fast and routine access to tailored and hitherto inaccessible protein chimeras useful for a variety of scientific disciplines. We expect our work to substantially enhance antibody applications such as immunodetection and protein toxin-based targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Baalmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Laura Neises
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sebastian Bitsch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Straße 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Hendrik Schneider
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Straße 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Lukas Deweid
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Straße 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Philipp Werther
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Nadja Ilkenhans
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Martin Wolfring
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael J. Ziegler
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jonas Wilhelm
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Straße 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Richard Wombacher
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
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171
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Sue CK, McConnell SA, Ellis-Guardiola K, Muroski J, McAllister RA, Yu J, Alvarez AI, Chang C, Ogorzalek Loo RR, Loo JA, Ton-That H, Clubb RT. Kinetics and Optimization of the Lysine-Isopeptide Bond Forming Sortase Enzyme from Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1624-1634. [PMID: 32396336 PMCID: PMC8153732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Site-specifically modified protein bioconjugates have important applications in biology, chemistry, and medicine. Functionalizing specific protein side chains with enzymes using mild reaction conditions is of significant interest, but remains challenging. Recently, the lysine-isopeptide bond forming activity of the sortase enzyme that builds surface pili in Corynebacterium diphtheriae (CdSrtA) has been reconstituted in vitro. A mutationally activated form of CdSrtA was shown to be a promising bioconjugating enzyme that can attach Leu-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gly peptide fluorophores to a specific lysine residue within the N-terminal domain of the SpaA protein (NSpaA), enabling the labeling of target proteins that are fused to NSpaA. Here we present a detailed analysis of the CdSrtA catalyzed protein labeling reaction. We show that the first step in catalysis is rate limiting, which is the formation of the CdSrtA-peptide thioacyl intermediate that subsequently reacts with a lysine ε-amine in NSpaA. This intermediate is surprisingly stable, limiting spurious proteolysis of the peptide substrate. We report the discovery of a new enzyme variant (CdSrtAΔ) that has significantly improved transpeptidation activity, because it completely lacks an inhibitory polypeptide appendage ("lid") that normally masks the active site. We show that the presence of the lid primarily impairs formation of the thioacyl intermediate and not the recognition of the NSpaA substrate. Quantitative measurements reveal that CdSrtAΔ generates its cross-linked product with a catalytic turnover number of 1.4 ± 0.004 h-1 and that it has apparent KM values of 0.16 ± 0.04 and 1.6 ± 0.3 mM for its NSpaA and peptide substrates, respectively. CdSrtAΔ is 7-fold more active than previously studied variants, labeling >90% of NSpaA with peptide within 6 h. The results of this study further improve the utility of CdSrtA as a protein labeling tool and provide insight into the enzyme catalyzed reaction that underpins protein labeling and pilus biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K. Sue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Scott A. McConnell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ken Ellis-Guardiola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - John Muroski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Rachel A. McAllister
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Justin Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ana I. Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Chungyu Chang
- Molecular Biology Institute and the University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Rachel R. Ogorzalek Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute and the University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Hung Ton-That
- Molecular Biology Institute and the University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Robert T. Clubb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute and the University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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172
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Marquard AN, Carlson JCT, Weissleder R. Expanding the Scope of Antibody Rebridging with New Pyridazinedione-TCO Constructs. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1616-1623. [PMID: 32286045 PMCID: PMC7788567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide rebridging methods have recently emerged as a route to hinge region-specific antibody modification, and there exist numerous examples of successful rebridging chemistry applied to clinically relevant human IgG1 antibodies. Here, dibromopyridazinedione disulfide rebridging is adapted to fast trans-cyclooctene/tetrazine (TCO/Tz) bioorthogonal ligations and extended beyond therapeutic human IgG1 antibodies for the first time to include mouse and rat monoclonal antibodies integral to multiplexed analytical diagnostics. In spite of a common architecture, only a subset of antibody host species and IgG isotype subclasses can be rebridged, highlighting the intricate relationship between hinge region sequence, structure, biological activity, and the conjugation chemistry of IgG antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela N. Marquard
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan C. T. Carlson
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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173
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Modeling of hydrophobic interaction chromatography for the separation of antibody-drug conjugates and its application towards quality by design. J Biotechnol 2020; 317:48-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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174
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Baalmann M, Neises L, Bitsch S, Schneider H, Deweid L, Werther P, Ilkenhans N, Wolfring M, Ziegler MJ, Wilhelm J, Kolmar H, Wombacher R. A Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry Toolbox for Targeted Synthesis of Branched and Well‐Defined Protein–Protein Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Baalmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Laura Neises
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sebastian Bitsch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Hendrik Schneider
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Lukas Deweid
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Philipp Werther
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nadja Ilkenhans
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Martin Wolfring
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael J. Ziegler
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jonas Wilhelm
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Richard Wombacher
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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175
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Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is fundamentally an indispensable process in all cellular activities, including cell development, wound healing, and immune surveillance of tumors (Galluzzi, L. et al. Cell Death Differ. 2018, 25, 486-541). Malfunctioning of PCD has been shown to be closely related to human diseases such as acute pancreatitis, neurodegenerative diseases, and diverse types of cancers. To date, multiple PCD processes have been discovered and the corresponding regulatory pathways have been elucidated. For example, apoptosis and autophagy are two PCD mechanisms that have been well studied by sophisticated models and probe toolkits. However, limited genetic and chemical tools for other types of PCD hamper the elucidation of their molecular mechanisms. Our group has been studying PCD using both function-oriented synthesis and chemical biology strategies, including the development of diverse chemical probes based on novel PCD modulators. For instance, in the development of downstream programmed necrosis (or necroptosis) inhibitor necrosulfonamide, we used a chemical probe to unveil a functional protein that was not previously implicated in necroptosis, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). In addition, high throughput screening and medicinal chemistry enabled the discovery of bioymifi, a small molecule agonist which selectively causes oligomerization of the death receptor 5 (DR5), to induce extrinsic apoptosis. Furthermore, we developed a biomimetic synthetic strategy based on diverse Diels-Alder reactions in the total syntheses of ainsliadimers A and B, ainsliatrimers A and B, and gonchnatiolides A-C, which are natural product inhibitors or activators for PCD. Using synthetic ainsliadimer A probe, we elucidated that ainsliadimer A inhibits the NF-κB pathway by covalently binding to Cys46 of IKKβ and triggers apoptosis of cancer cells. We have also revealed that IKKβ is allosterically inhibited by ainsliadimer A. In addition to total synthesis, we have developed a bioorthogonal click hetero-Diels-Alder cycloaddition of vinyl thioether and o-quinolinone quinone methide (TQ-ligation) to facilitate small molecule target identification. The combination of total synthesis and TQ-ligation enables subcellular imaging and identification of the cellular target of ainsliatrimer A to be PPARγ. In addition, TQ-ligation has been applied in the discovery of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) as one of the functional target proteins for kongensin A. We also confirmed that kongensin A covalently attaches to Cys420 within HSP90 and demonstrated that kongensin A blocks the interaction between HSP90 and CDC37 and subsequently inhibits necroptosis. Our development of these diverse PCD modulators provides not only effective chemical tools for fundamental biomedical research, but also the foundation for drug discovery targeting important human diseases such as cancers and inflammation caused by malfunction of PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hiu C. Lam
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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176
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Duivelshof BL, Deslignière E, Hernandez-Alba O, Ehkirch A, Toftevall H, Sjögren J, Cianferani S, Beck A, Guillarme D, D’Atri V. Glycan-Mediated Technology for Obtaining Homogeneous Site-Specific Conjugated Antibody–Drug Conjugates: Synthesis and Analytical Characterization by Using Complementary Middle-up LC/HRMS Analysis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8170-8177. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan L. Duivelshof
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Evolène Deslignière
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anthony Ehkirch
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Sarah Cianferani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Beck
- IRPF - Centre d’Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Valentina D’Atri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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177
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Conibear AC, Schmid A, Kamalov M, Becker CFW, Bello C. Recent Advances in Peptide-Based Approaches for Cancer Treatment. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1174-1205. [PMID: 29173146 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171123204851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptide-based pharmaceuticals have recently experienced a renaissance due to their ability to fill the gap between the two main classes of available drugs, small molecules and biologics. Peptides combine the high potency and selectivity typical of large proteins with some of the characteristic advantages of small molecules such as synthetic accessibility, stability and the potential of oral bioavailability. METHODS In the present manuscript we review the recent literature on selected peptide-based approaches for cancer treatment, emphasizing recent advances, advantages and challenges of each strategy. RESULTS One of the applications in which peptide-based approaches have grown rapidly is cancer therapy, with a focus on new and established targets. We describe, with selected examples, some of the novel peptide-based methods for cancer treatment that have been developed in the last few years, ranging from naturally-occurring and modified peptides to peptidedrug conjugates, peptide nanomaterials and peptide-based vaccines. CONCLUSION This review brings out the emerging role of peptide-based strategies in oncology research, critically analyzing the advantages and limitations of these approaches and the potential for their development as effective anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Conibear
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wahringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alanca Schmid
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wahringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Meder Kamalov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wahringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian F W Becker
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wahringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Bello
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wahringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biolology-PeptLab, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto, Fiorentino, Italy
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178
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Manabe S, Yamaguchi Y, Matsumura Y. Contribution from Synthetic Organic Chemistry and Glycoscience to ADC Development: Homogeneous ADC Preparation and Development of Cancer Stromal Targeting Therapy. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shino Manabe
- Pharmaceutical Department, Hoshi Universtity
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Development Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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179
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Anami Y, Tsuchikama K. Next-generation Antibody-drug Conjugates (ADCs): Exploring New Frontiers with Chemical Approaches. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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180
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Richardson MB, Gabriel KN, Garcia JA, Ashby SN, Dyer RP, Kim JK, Lau CJ, Hong J, Le Tourneau RJ, Sen S, Narel DL, Katz BB, Ziller JW, Majumdar S, Collins PG, Weiss GA. Pyrocinchonimides Conjugate to Amine Groups on Proteins via Imide Transfer. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1449-1462. [PMID: 32302483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Advances in bioconjugation, the ability to link biomolecules to each other, small molecules, surfaces, and more, can spur the development of advanced materials and therapeutics. We have discovered that pyrocinchonimide, the dimethylated analogue of maleimide, undergoes a surprising transformation with biomolecules. The reaction targets amines and involves an imide transfer, which has not been previously reported for bioconjugation purposes. Despite their similarity to maleimides, pyrocinchonimides do not react with free thiols. Though both lysine residues and the N-termini of proteins can receive the transferred imide, the reaction also exhibits a marked preference for certain amines that cannot solely be ascribed to solvent accessibility. This property is peculiar among amine-targeting reactions and can reduce combinatorial diversity when many available reactive amines are available, such as in the formation of antibody-drug conjugates. Unlike amides, the modification undergoes very slow reversion under high pH conditions. The reaction offers a thermodynamically controlled route to single or multiple modifications of proteins for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Kristin N Gabriel
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Joseph A Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Shareen N Ashby
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Rebekah P Dyer
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Joshua K Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Calvin J Lau
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - John Hong
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ryan J Le Tourneau
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sanjana Sen
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - David L Narel
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Benjamin B Katz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sudipta Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Philip G Collins
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Gregory A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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181
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Sato S, Matsumura M, Kadonosono T, Abe S, Ueno T, Ueda H, Nakamura H. Site-Selective Protein Chemical Modification of Exposed Tyrosine Residues Using Tyrosine Click Reaction. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1417-1424. [PMID: 32223219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeting less abundant amino acid residues on the protein surface may realize site-selective protein modification of natural proteins. The relative hydrophobicity of tyrosine combined with the π-π stacking tendency of the aromatic rings results in generally low accessibility. In this study, site-selective protein modification was achieved by targeting surface-exposed tyrosine residues without using a genetic encoding system. Tyrosine residues were modified with N-methylated luminol derivative under single-electron transfer (SET) reaction conditions. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed SET and electrochemically activated SET modified surface-exposed tyrosine residues selectively. N-Methylated luminol derivative modified tyrosine residues more efficiently than 4-arylurazole under tyrosine click conditions using HRP and electrochemistry. Tyrosine residues that are evolutionarily exposed only in the complementarity-determining region (CDR) of an antibody were selectively modified by tyrosine click reactions. CDR-modified antibodies were applied to in vivo imaging and antibody-drug conjugated (ADC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Sato
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsumura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kadonosono
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ueno
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
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182
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Silva DA, Xavier MJ, Dutra JDL, Gimenez IF, Freire RO, da Costa NB. Prediction of correct intermolecular interactions in host-guest systems involving cyclodextrins. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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183
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Tsao KK, Lee AC, Racine KÉ, Keillor JW. Site-Specific Fluorogenic Protein Labelling Agent for Bioconjugation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E369. [PMID: 32121143 PMCID: PMC7175205 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many clinically relevant therapeutic agents are formed from the conjugation of small molecules to biomolecules through conjugating linkers. In this study, two novel conjugating linkers were prepared, comprising a central coumarin core, functionalized with a dimaleimide moiety at one end and a terminal alkyne at the other. In our first design, we developed a protein labelling method that site-specifically introduces an alkyne functional group to a dicysteine target peptide tag that was genetically fused to a protein of interest. This method allows for the subsequent attachment of azide-functionalized cargo in the facile synthesis of novel protein-cargo conjugates. However, the fluorogenic aspect of the reaction between the linker and the target peptide was less than we desired. To address this shortcoming, a second linker reagent was prepared. This new design also allowed for the site-specific introduction of an alkyne functional group onto the target peptide, but in a highly fluorogenic and rapid manner. The site-specific addition of an alkyne group to a protein of interest was thus monitored in situ by fluorescence increase, prior to the attachment of azide-functionalized cargo. Finally, we also demonstrated that the cargo can also be attached first, in an azide/alkyne cycloaddition reaction, prior to fluorogenic conjugation with the target peptide-fused protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeffrey W. Keillor
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (K.K.T.); (A.C.L.); (K.É.R.)
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184
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Singh G, Zarschler K, Hunoldt S, Martínez IIS, Ruehl CL, Matterna M, Bergmann R, Máthé D, Hegedüs N, Bachmann M, Comba P, Stephan H. Versatile Bispidine-Based Bifunctional Chelators for 64 Cu II -Labelling of Biomolecules. Chemistry 2020; 26:1989-2001. [PMID: 31755596 PMCID: PMC7028042 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional chelators as parts of modular metal-based radiopharmaceuticals are responsible for stable complexation of the radiometal ion and for covalent linkage between the complex and the targeting vector. To avoid loss of complex stability, the bioconjugation strategy should not interfere with the radiometal chelation by occupying coordinating groups. The C9 position of the very stable CuII chelator 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (bispidine) is virtually predestined to introduce functional groups for facile bioconjugation as this functionalisation does not disturb the metal binding centre. We describe the preparation and characterisation of a set of novel bispidine derivatives equipped with suitable functional groups for diverse bioconjugation reactions, including common amine coupling strategies (bispidine-isothiocyanate) and the Cu-free strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition. We demonstrate their functionality and versatility in an exemplary way by conjugation to an antibody-based biomolecule and validate the obtained conjugate in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singh
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfInstitute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfInstitute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Sebastian Hunoldt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfInstitute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Irma Ivette Santana Martínez
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfInstitute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Carmen L. Ruehl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut INF 270Universität Heidelberg69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Madlen Matterna
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfInstitute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfInstitute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Domokos Máthé
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis University1094BudapestHungary
- CROmed Translational Research Centers Ltd.1047BudapestHungary
| | - Nikolett Hegedüs
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis University1094BudapestHungary
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfInstitute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Peter Comba
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut INF 270Universität Heidelberg69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfInstitute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
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185
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Wang W, Gao J. N, S-Double Labeling of N-Terminal Cysteines via an Alternative Conjugation Pathway with 2-Cyanobenzothiazole. J Org Chem 2020; 85:1756-1763. [PMID: 31880156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of 2-cyanobenzothiazole (CBT) with N-terminal cysteines (NCys) typically gives a luciferin product. We herein report an alternative reaction pathway leading to an N-terminal amidine rendering the side chain thiol available for further modification. Examination of peptide sequence dependence of this amidine conjugation reveals a tripeptide tag CIS that allows facile N, S-double labeling of a protein of interest with >90% yield. This alternative reaction pathway of CBT-NCys condensation presents a significant addition to the toolbox for site-specific protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon Street , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Jianmin Gao
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon Street , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
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186
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Stéen EJ, Jørgensen JT, Johann K, Nørregaard K, Sohr B, Svatunek D, Birke A, Shalgunov V, Edem PE, Rossin R, Seidl C, Schmid F, Robillard MS, Kristensen JL, Mikula H, Barz M, Kjær A, Herth MM. Trans-Cyclooctene-Functionalized PeptoBrushes with Improved Reaction Kinetics of the Tetrazine Ligation for Pretargeted Nuclear Imaging. ACS NANO 2020; 14:568-584. [PMID: 31820928 PMCID: PMC7075664 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tumor targeting using agents with slow pharmacokinetics represents a major challenge in nuclear imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy as they most often result in low imaging contrast and high radiation dose to healthy tissue. To address this challenge, we developed a polymer-based targeting agent that can be used for pretargeted imaging and thus separates tumor accumulation from the imaging step in time. The developed targeting agent is based on polypeptide-graft-polypeptoid polymers (PeptoBrushes) functionalized with trans-cyclooctene (TCO). The complementary 111In-labeled imaging agent is a 1,2,4,5-tetrazine derivative, which can react with aforementioned TCO-modified PeptoBrushes in a rapid bioorthogonal ligation. A high degree of TCO loading (up to 30%) was achieved, without altering the physicochemical properties of the polymeric nanoparticle. The highest degree of TCO loading resulted in significantly increased reaction rates (77-fold enhancement) compared to those with small molecule TCO moieties when using lipophilic tetrazines. Based on computer simulations, we hypothesize that this increase is a result of hydrophobic effects and significant rearrangements within the polymer framework, in which hydrophobic patches of TCO moieties are formed. These patches attract lipophilic tetrazines, leading to increased reaction rates in the bioorthogonal ligation. The most reactive system was evaluated as a targeting agent for pretargeted imaging in tumor-bearing mice. After the setup was optimized, sufficient tumor-to-background ratios were achieved as early as 2 h after administration of the tetrazine imaging agent, which further improved at 22 h, enabling clear visualization of CT-26 tumors. These findings show the potential of PeptoBrushes to be used as a pretargeting agent when an optimized dose of polymer is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Johanna
L. Stéen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper T. Jørgensen
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Johann
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg
University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kamilla Nørregaard
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Barbara Sohr
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Birke
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg
University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Patricia E. Edem
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Raffaella Rossin
- Tagworks
Pharmaceuticals, Geert
Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Seidl
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg
University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Friederike Schmid
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 7-9, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marc S. Robillard
- Tagworks
Pharmaceuticals, Geert
Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper L. Kristensen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg
University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Matthias M. Herth
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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187
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Miyake T, Tamaki R, Asanuma M, Fukada Y, Hirota S, Matsuo T. Regioselective Chemical Modification of Cysteine Residues on Protein Surfaces Focusing on Local Environment around the Conjugation Site. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:794-802. [PMID: 31935079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For chemical modification of cysteines in a protein, the regioselectivity among cysteine residues on the protein surface is an issue to be considered. To elucidate the determinants of cysteine reactivities on protein surfaces, we have investigated the chemical modification of the adenylate kinase A55C/C77S/V169C mutant as an experimental model. Although Cys55 and Cys169 are commonly located on the protein surface, Cys55 showed the ca. 3-6-fold higher reactivity compared to Cys169 in a reaction with a pyrene derivative. By a further conjugation of a phenanthroline derivative into the vacant Cys thiol, fluorescence quenching was attained by a pyrene-phenanthroline interaction that occurred by the conformational change of the protein. The K50A mutation further enhanced the regioselectivity of pyrene conjugation in Cys55, which is attributed to the effects of structural flexibility in the vicinity of Cys55 on its reactivity. To regioselectively conjugate different types of synthetic molecules onto the surface of a protein, perturbation in the local structural flexibility around the conjugation sites will be a useful strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Miyake
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ryosei Tamaki
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Moeko Asanuma
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yoji Fukada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shun Hirota
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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188
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Marques AC, Costa PJ, Velho S, Amaral MH. Functionalizing nanoparticles with cancer-targeting antibodies: A comparison of strategies. J Control Release 2020; 320:180-200. [PMID: 31978444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Standard cancer therapies sometimes fail to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs to tumor cells in a safe and effective manner. Nanotechnology takes the lead in providing new therapeutic options for cancer due to major potential for selective targeting and controlled drug release. Antibodies and antibody fragments are attracting much attention as a source of targeting ligands to bind specific receptors that are overexpressed on cancer cells. Therefore, researchers are devoting time and effort to develop targeting strategies based on nanoparticles functionalized with antibodies, which hold great promise to enhance therapeutic efficacy and circumvent severe side effects. Several methods have been described to immobilize antibodies on the surface of nanoparticles. However, selecting the most appropriate for each application is challenging but also imperative to preserve antigen binding ability and yield stable antibody-conjugated nanoparticles. From this perspective, we aim to provide considerable knowledge on the most widely used methods of functionalization that can be helpful for decision-making and design of conjugation protocols as well. This review summarizes adsorption, covalent conjugation (carbodiimide, maleimide and "click" chemistries) and biotin-avidin interaction, while discussing the advantages, limitations and relevant therapeutic approaches currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Marques
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - P J Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - S Velho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, R. Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - M H Amaral
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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189
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Antibody Conjugates-Recent Advances and Future Innovations. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9010002. [PMID: 31936270 PMCID: PMC7148502 DOI: 10.3390/antib9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies have evolved from research tools to powerful therapeutics in the past 30 years. Clinical success rates of antibodies have exceeded expectations, resulting in heavy investment in biologics discovery and development in addition to traditional small molecules across the industry. However, protein therapeutics cannot drug targets intracellularly and are limited to soluble and cell-surface antigens. Tremendous strides have been made in antibody discovery, protein engineering, formulation, and delivery devices. These advances continue to push the boundaries of biologics to enable antibody conjugates to take advantage of the target specificity and long half-life from an antibody, while delivering highly potent small molecule drugs. While the "magic bullet" concept produced the first wave of antibody conjugates, these entities were met with limited clinical success. This review summarizes the advances and challenges in the field to date with emphasis on antibody conjugation, linker-payload chemistry, novel payload classes, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), and product developability. We discuss lessons learned in the development of oncology antibody conjugates and look towards future innovations enabling other therapeutic indications.
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190
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Beck A, Dumontet C, Joubert N. [Antibody-drug conjugates in oncology. New strategies in development]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 35:1043-1053. [PMID: 31903916 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An Antibody-Drug Conjugate (armed antibody) is a vectorized chemotherapy that results from the grafting of a cytotoxic agent on a monoclonal antibody via a judiciously designed spacer arm. ADCs have made considerable progress in 10 years. In 2009, only gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg®) was used clinically. In 2019, 4 other ADCs have been approved and more than 80 others are in active clinical trials. The second part of this review will focus on new emerging strategies to address ADCs drawbacks and attempt to broaden their therapeutic window. Finally, combinations with conventional chemotherapy or checkpoint inhibitors will be discussed, in the pursuit to make Antibody-Drug Conjugates the embodiment of Paul Ehrlich's dream of the magic bullet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, 74160 Saint Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Inserm 1052/CNRS, 69000 Lyon, France - Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France - Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Joubert
- GICC EA7501, Université de Tours, équipe IMT, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
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191
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Kasten BB, Ferrone S, Zinn KR, Buchsbaum DJ. B7-H3-targeted Radioimmunotherapy of Human Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4016-4038. [PMID: 30836909 PMCID: PMC8668195 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190228120908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is an attractive approach to selectively localize therapeutic radionuclides to malignant cells within primary and metastatic tumors while sparing normal tissues from the effects of radiation. Many human malignancies express B7-H3 on the tumor cell surface, while expression on the majority of normal tissues is limited, presenting B7-H3 as a candidate target for RIT. This review provides an overview of the general principles of targeted RIT and discusses publications that have used radiolabeled B7-H3-targeted antibodies for RIT of cancer in preclinical or clinical studies. METHODS Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for publications through June 2018 using a combination of terms including "B7-H3", "radioimmunotherapy", "targeted", "radiotherapy", and "cancer". After screening search results for relevancy, ten publications were included for discussion. RESULTS B7-H3-targeted RIT studies to date range from antibody development and assessment of novel Radioimmunoconjugates (RICs) in animal models of human cancer to phase II/III trials in humans. The majority of clinical studies have used B7-H3-targeted RICs for intra- compartment RIT of central nervous system malignancies. The results of these studies have indicated high tolerability and favorable efficacy outcomes, supporting further assessment of B7-H3-targeted RIT in larger trials. Preclinical B7-H3-targeted RIT studies have also shown encouraging therapeutic outcomes in a variety of solid malignancies. CONCLUSION B7-H3-targeted RIT studies over the last 15 years have demonstrated feasibility for clinical development and support future assessment in a broader array of human malignancies. Future directions worthy of exploration include strategies that combine B7-H3- targeted RIT with chemotherapy or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B. Kasten
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.A
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Kurt R. Zinn
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Donald J. Buchsbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.A
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192
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Peng Q, Zang B, Zhao W, Li D, Ren J, Ji F, Jia L. Efficient continuous-flow aldehyde tag conversion using immobilized formylglycine generating enzyme. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01856e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized formylglycine generating enzyme for efficient aldehyde tag conversion under continuous flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Peng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Berlin Zang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Da Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Ren
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Fangling Ji
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Jia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
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193
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Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a highly efficient separation technique that resolves ions based on their electrophoretic mobility in the presence of an applied voltage. It has been broadly applied for characterizing biotherapeutics including ADCs. In this chapter, step-by-step procedures for characterizing ADCs using CE will be described with focus placed on reduced and non-reduced capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS) for purity determination and imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (iCIEF) for charge heterogeneity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ning
- Process Analytical Chemistry, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yanqun Zhao
- Process Analytical Chemistry, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA.
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194
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Abstract
Click chemistry has found wide application in bioconjugation, enabling control over the site of modification in biomolecules. Demonstrations of this chemistry to construct chemically defined antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have increased in recent years, following studies that support benefits of homogeneity and site-specificity of drug placement on the antibody. In this chapter, a brief history of early applications of this chemistry in ADCs is presented. Examples of click chemistries that are utilized for ADC synthesis, including those currently undergoing clinical investigations, are enumerated. Protocols for two common conjugation methods based on carbonyl-aminooxy coupling and strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition are described.
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195
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Roy G, Reier J, Garcia A, Martin T, Rice M, Wang J, Prophet M, Christie R, Dall’Acqua W, Ahuja S, Bowen MA, Marelli M. Development of a high yielding expression platform for the introduction of non-natural amino acids in protein sequences. MAbs 2020; 12:1684749. [PMID: 31775561 PMCID: PMC6927762 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1684749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to genetically encode non-natural amino acids (nnAAs) into proteins offers an expanded tool set for protein engineering. nnAAs containing unique functional moieties have enabled the study of post-translational modifications, protein interactions, and protein folding. In addition, nnAAs have been developed that enable a variety of biorthogonal conjugation chemistries that allow precise and efficient protein conjugations. These are being studied to create the next generation of antibody-drug conjugates with improved efficacy, potency, and stability for the treatment of cancer. However, the efficiency of nnAA incorporation, and the productive yields of cell-based expression systems, have limited the utility and widespread use of this technology. We developed a process to isolate stable cell lines expressing a pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNApyl pair capable of efficient nnAA incorporation. Two different platform cell lines generated by these methods were used to produce IgG-expressing cell lines with normalized antibody titers of 3 g/L using continuous perfusion. We show that the antibodies produced by these platform cells contain the nnAA functionality that enables facile conjugations. Characterization of these highly active and robust platform hosts identified key parameters that affect nnAA incorporation efficiency. These highly efficient host platforms may help overcome the expression challenges that have impeded the developability of this technology for manufacturing proteins with nnAAs and represents an important step in expanding its utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Roy
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason Reier
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Garcia
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Tom Martin
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Megan Rice
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Jihong Wang
- Analytical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Meagan Prophet
- Analytical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronald Christie
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - William Dall’Acqua
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Sanjeev Ahuja
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael A Bowen
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcello Marelli
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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196
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Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) catalyzes site-specific transpeptidation between a primary amine within linkers and the side chain of glutamine 295 within deglycosylated chimeric, humanized, and human IgG1s, affording homogeneous antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). This method can be empowered by mutation of asparagine 297, insertion of a glutamine-containing peptide tag, and the use of branched linkers. Such modifications facilitate the conjugation process and provide flexibility in adjusting the conjugation site and drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR). Here, we present a protocol optimized in our group for MTGase-mediated linker incorporation and subsequent click chemistry-based payload installation. Both small linear linkers and bulky branched linkers can be incorporated into the Fc moiety within various antibodies, affording homogeneous ADCs with defined DARs. Thanks to the high homogeneity, ADCs constructed using this method can be analyzed using a single-quadrupole electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometer, which many laboratories own for regular analysis of small molecules and peptides. The approach presented here allows for facile and cost-effective production of various homogeneous ADCs and other antibody conjugates for research and clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Anami
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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197
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Miyabe H, Yoshioka E, Minato I, Takashima H. Synthesis of Oxygen-Heterocycles Having Linker Components for Trapping Cysteine Derivatives. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-s(f)21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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198
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Adhikari P, Zacharias N, Ohri R, Sadowsky J. Site-Specific Conjugation to Cys-Engineered THIOMAB™ Antibodies. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2078:51-69. [PMID: 31643049 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9929-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies bearing engineered cysteine residues (termed THIOMAB™ antibodies) enable the site-selective attachment of a drug, label or other payload for specific delivery to certain tissues (e.g., tumors). This Chapter describes detailed methods we have developed and optimized for the conjugation, purification and analysis of THIOMAB™ antibody drug conjugates (TDCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Adhikari
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Neelie Zacharias
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachana Ohri
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jack Sadowsky
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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199
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Miura Y. Controlled polymerization for the development of bioconjugate polymers and materials. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:2010-2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02418b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugates of various biopolymers with synthetic polymers were preparedvialiving radical polymerization. The conjugates have precise structures and potential for novel biofunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
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200
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Goulet DR, Atkins WM. Considerations for the Design of Antibody-Based Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:74-103. [PMID: 31173761 PMCID: PMC6891151 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based proteins have become an important class of biologic therapeutics, due in large part to the stability, specificity, and adaptability of the antibody framework. Indeed, antibodies not only have the inherent ability to bind both antigens and endogenous immune receptors but also have proven extremely amenable to protein engineering. Thus, several derivatives of the monoclonal antibody format, including bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and antibody fragments, have demonstrated efficacy for treating human disease, particularly in the fields of immunology and oncology. Reviewed here are considerations for the design of antibody-based therapeutics, including immunological context, therapeutic mechanisms, and engineering strategies. First, characteristics of antibodies are introduced, with emphasis on structural domains, functionally important receptors, isotypic and allotypic differences, and modifications such as glycosylation. Then, aspects of therapeutic antibody design are discussed, including identification of antigen-specific variable regions, choice of expression system, use of multispecific formats, and design of antibody derivatives based on fragmentation, oligomerization, or conjugation to other functional moieties. Finally, strategies to enhance antibody function through protein engineering are reviewed while highlighting the impact of fundamental biophysical properties on protein developability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Goulet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195.
| | - William M Atkins
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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