151
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Wells M, Basu P, Stolz JF. The physiology and evolution of microbial selenium metabolism. Metallomics 2021; 13:6261189. [PMID: 33930157 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element whose compounds are widely metabolized by organisms from all three domains of life. Moreover, phylogenetic evidence indicates that selenium species, along with iron, molybdenum, tungsten, and nickel, were metabolized by the last universal common ancestor of all cellular lineages, primarily for the synthesis of the 21st amino acid selenocysteine. Thus, selenium metabolism is both environmentally ubiquitous and a physiological adaptation of primordial life. Selenium metabolic reactions comprise reductive transformations both for assimilation into macromolecules and dissimilatory reduction of selenium oxyanions and elemental selenium during anaerobic respiration. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the physiology and evolution of both assimilatory and dissimilatory selenium metabolism in bacteria and archaea, highlighting mechanisms of selenium respiration. This includes a thorough discussion of our current knowledge of the physiology of selenocysteine synthesis and incorporation into proteins in bacteria obtained from structural biology. Additionally, this is the first comprehensive discussion in a review of the incorporation of selenium into the tRNA nucleoside 5-methylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine and as an inorganic cofactor in certain molybdenum hydroxylase enzymes. Throughout, conserved mechanisms and derived features of selenium metabolism in both domains are emphasized and discussed within the context of the global selenium biogeochemical cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wells
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Partha Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - John F Stolz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
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152
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Nica S, Buchholz A, Görls H, Plass W. Hydrazone‐Based Ligand with Pyrrolidine Donor and Its Molybdenum(VI) Complex: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Nica
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
- Present address: Institute of Organic Chemistry Romanian Academy Splaiul Independentei, no. 202B 060023 Bucharest Romania
| | - Axel Buchholz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Winfried Plass
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
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153
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Meneghello M, Oliveira AR, Jacq‐Bailly A, Pereira IAC, Léger C, Fourmond V. Formate Dehydrogenases Reduce CO
2
Rather than HCO
3
−
: An Electrochemical Demonstration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Meneghello
- CNRS Aix-Marseille Université BIP IMM IM2B 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, CS70071 13402 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Ana Rita Oliveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA) Universidade Nova de Lisboa Oeiras Portugal
| | - Aurore Jacq‐Bailly
- CNRS Aix-Marseille Université BIP IMM IM2B 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, CS70071 13402 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Inês A. C. Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA) Universidade Nova de Lisboa Oeiras Portugal
| | - Christophe Léger
- CNRS Aix-Marseille Université BIP IMM IM2B 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, CS70071 13402 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Vincent Fourmond
- CNRS Aix-Marseille Université BIP IMM IM2B 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, CS70071 13402 Marseille Cedex 20 France
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154
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Struwe MA, Kalimuthu P, Luo Z, Zhong Q, Ellis D, Yang J, Khadanand KC, Harmer JR, Kirk ML, McEwan AG, Clement B, Bernhardt PV, Kobe B, Kappler U. Active site architecture reveals coordination sphere flexibility and specificity determinants in a group of closely related molybdoenzymes. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100672. [PMID: 33887324 PMCID: PMC8166771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MtsZ is a molybdenum-containing methionine sulfoxide reductase that supports virulence in the human respiratory pathogen Haemophilus influenzae (Hi). HiMtsZ belongs to a group of structurally and spectroscopically uncharacterized S-/N-oxide reductases, all of which are found in bacterial pathogens. Here, we have solved the crystal structure of HiMtsZ, which reveals that the HiMtsZ substrate-binding site encompasses a previously unrecognized part that accommodates the methionine sulfoxide side chain via interaction with His182 and Arg166. Charge and amino acid composition of this side chain–binding region vary and, as indicated by electrochemical, kinetic, and docking studies, could explain the diverse substrate specificity seen in closely related enzymes of this type. The HiMtsZ Mo active site has an underlying structural flexibility, where dissociation of the central Ser187 ligand affected catalysis at low pH. Unexpectedly, the two main HiMtsZ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) species resembled not only a related dimethyl sulfoxide reductase but also a structurally unrelated nitrate reductase that possesses an Asp–Mo ligand. This suggests that contrary to current views, the geometry of the Mo center and its primary ligands, rather than the specific amino acid environment, is the main determinant of the EPR properties of mononuclear Mo enzymes. The flexibility in the electronic structure of the Mo centers is also apparent in two of three HiMtsZ EPR-active Mo(V) species being catalytically incompetent off-pathway forms that could not be fully oxidized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel A Struwe
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Pharmazeutisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Palraj Kalimuthu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Zhenyao Luo
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Qifeng Zhong
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Daniel Ellis
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - K C Khadanand
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Harmer
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Martin L Kirk
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Alastair G McEwan
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Bernd Clement
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Ulrike Kappler
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
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155
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Cunrath O, Palmer JD. An overview of Salmonella enterica metal homeostasis pathways during infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:uqab001. [PMID: 34250489 PMCID: PMC8264917 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional immunity is a powerful strategy at the core of the battlefield between host survival and pathogen proliferation. A host can prevent pathogens from accessing biological metals such as Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Co or Ni, or actively intoxicate them with metal overload. While the importance of metal homeostasis for the enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica Typhimurium was demonstrated many decades ago, inconsistent results across various mouse models, diverse Salmonella genotypes, and differing infection routes challenge aspects of our understanding of this phenomenon. With expanding access to CRISPR-Cas9 for host genome manipulation, it is now pertinent to re-visit past results in the context of specific mouse models, identify gaps and incongruities in current knowledge landscape of Salmonella homeostasis, and recommend a straight path forward towards a more universal understanding of this historic host-microbe relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Cunrath
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building, 11a Mansfield Rd, Oxford, UK OX1 3SZ
| | - Jacob D Palmer
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building, 11a Mansfield Rd, Oxford, UK OX1 3SZ
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156
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Aiding a Better Understanding of Molybdopterin: Syntheses, Structures, and pKa Value Determinations of Varied Pterin-Derived Organic Scaffolds Including Oxygen, Sulfur and Phosphorus Bearing Substituents. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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157
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A-type carrier proteins are involved in [4Fe-4S] cluster insertion into the radical SAM protein MoaA for the synthesis of active molybdoenzymes. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0008621. [PMID: 33782054 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00086-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are important biological cofactors present in proteins with crucial biological functions, from photosynthesis to DNA repair, gene expression and bioenergetic processes. For the insertion of Fe-S clusters into proteins, A-type carrier proteins have been identified. So far, three of them were characterized in detail in Escherichia coli, namely IscA, SufA and ErpA, which were shown to partially replace each other in their roles in [4Fe-4S] cluster insertion into specific target proteins. To further expand the knowledge of [4Fe-4S] cluster insertion into proteins, we analyzed the complex Fe-S cluster dependent network for the synthesis of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) and the expression of genes encoding nitrate reductase in E. coli Our studies include the identification of the A-type carrier proteins ErpA and IscA involved in [4Fe-4S] cluster insertion into the S-adenosyl-methionine dependent radical SAM protein MoaA. We show that ErpA and IscA can partially replace each other in their role to provide [4Fe-4S] clusters for MoaA. Since most genes expressing molybdoenzymes are regulated by the transcriptional regulator for fumarate and nitrate reduction (FNR) under anaerobic conditions, we also identified the proteins that are crucial to obtain an active FNR under conditions of nitrate respiration. We show that ErpA is essential for the FNR-dependent expression of the narGHJI operon, a role that cannot be compensated by IscA under the growth conditions tested. SufA does not have a role in Fe-S cluster insertion into MoaA or FNR under anaerobic growth of nitrate respiration, based on low gene expression levels.IMPORTANCEUnderstanding the assembly of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins is relevant to many fields, including nitrogen fixation, photosynthesis, bioenergetics and gene regulation. Still remaining critical gaps in our knowledge are how Fe-S clusters are transferred to their target proteins and how the specificity in this process is achieved, since different forms of Fe-S clusters need to be delivered to structurally highly diverse target proteins. Numerous Fe-S carrier proteins have been identified in prokaryotes like Escherichia coli, including ErpA, IscA, SusA and NfuA. In addition, the diverse Fe-S cluster delivery proteins and their target proteins underlie a complex regulatory network of expression, to ensure that both proteins are synthesized under particular growth conditions.
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158
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Duarte AG, Barbosa ACC, Ferreira D, Manteigas G, Domingos RM, Pereira IAC. Redox loops in anaerobic respiration - The role of the widespread NrfD protein family and associated dimeric redox module. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148416. [PMID: 33753023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In prokaryotes, the proton or sodium motive force required for ATP synthesis is produced by respiratory complexes that present an ion-pumping mechanism or are involved in redox loops performed by membrane proteins that usually have substrate and quinone-binding sites on opposite sides of the membrane. Some respiratory complexes include a dimeric redox module composed of a quinone-interacting membrane protein of the NrfD family and an iron‑sulfur protein of the NrfC family. The QrcABCD complex of sulfate reducers, which includes the QrcCD module homologous to NrfCD, was recently shown to perform electrogenic quinone reduction providing the first conclusive evidence for energy conservation among this family. Similar redox modules are present in multiple respiratory complexes, which can be associated with electroneutral, energy-driven or electrogenic reactions. This work discusses the presence of the NrfCD/PsrBC dimeric redox module in different bioenergetics contexts and its role in prokaryotic energy conservation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Américo G Duarte
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier/Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Ana C C Barbosa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier/Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Delfim Ferreira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier/Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Manteigas
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier/Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Renato M Domingos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier/Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês A C Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier/Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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159
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Meneghello M, Oliveira AR, Jacq‐Bailly A, Pereira IAC, Léger C, Fourmond V. Formate Dehydrogenases Reduce CO
2
Rather than HCO
3
−
: An Electrochemical Demonstration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9964-9967. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Meneghello
- CNRS Aix-Marseille Université BIP IMM IM2B 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, CS70071 13402 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Ana Rita Oliveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA) Universidade Nova de Lisboa Oeiras Portugal
| | - Aurore Jacq‐Bailly
- CNRS Aix-Marseille Université BIP IMM IM2B 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, CS70071 13402 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Inês A. C. Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA) Universidade Nova de Lisboa Oeiras Portugal
| | - Christophe Léger
- CNRS Aix-Marseille Université BIP IMM IM2B 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, CS70071 13402 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Vincent Fourmond
- CNRS Aix-Marseille Université BIP IMM IM2B 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, CS70071 13402 Marseille Cedex 20 France
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160
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Dille SA, Colston KJ, Mogesa B, Cassell J, Perera E, Zeller M, Basu P. The Impact of Ligand Oxidation State and Fold Angle on the Charge Transfer Processes of Mo
IV
O‐Dithione Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Dille
- School Science Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis 402 N. Blackford St. Indianapolis IN 462020 USA
| | - Kyle J. Colston
- School Science Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis 402 N. Blackford St. Indianapolis IN 462020 USA
| | - Benjamin Mogesa
- Bayer School of Natural Science Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Duquesne University 600 Forbes Ave. Pittsburgh PA 15282 USA
| | - Joseph Cassell
- School Science Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis 402 N. Blackford St. Indianapolis IN 462020 USA
| | - Eranda Perera
- Bayer School of Natural Science Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Duquesne University 600 Forbes Ave. Pittsburgh PA 15282 USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- College of Science Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Dr. West Lafayette In 47907 USA
| | - Partha Basu
- School Science Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis 402 N. Blackford St. Indianapolis IN 462020 USA
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161
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Zuchan K, Baymann F, Baffert C, Brugna M, Nitschke W. The dyad of the Y-junction- and a flavin module unites diverse redox enzymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148401. [PMID: 33684340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The concomitant presence of two distinctive polypeptide modules, which we have chosen to denominate as the "Y-junction" and the "flavin" module, is observed in 3D structures of enzymes as functionally diverse as complex I, NAD(P)-dependent [NiFe]-hydrogenases and NAD(P)-dependent formate dehydrogenases. Amino acid sequence conservation furthermore suggests that both modules are also part of NAD(P)-dependent [FeFe]-hydrogenases for which no 3D structure model is available yet. The flavin module harbours the site of interaction with the substrate NAD(P) which exchanges two electrons with a strictly conserved flavin moiety. The Y-junction module typically contains four iron-sulphur centres arranged to form a Y-shaped electron transfer conduit and mediates electron transfer between the flavin module and the catalytic units of the respective enzymes. The Y-junction module represents an electron transfer hub with three potential electron entry/exit sites. The pattern of specific redox centres present both in the Y-junction and the flavin module is correlated to present knowledge of these enzymes' functional properties. We have searched publicly accessible genomes for gene clusters containing both the Y-junction and the flavin module to assemble a comprehensive picture of the diversity of enzymes harbouring this dyad of modules and to reconstruct their phylogenetic relationships. These analyses indicate the presence of the dyad already in the last universal common ancestor and the emergence of complex I's EFG-module out of a subgroup of NAD(P)- dependent formate dehydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Zuchan
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Frauke Baymann
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Carole Baffert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Myriam Brugna
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
| | - Wolfgang Nitschke
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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162
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Biogeographic and Evolutionary Patterns of Trace Element Utilization in Marine Microbial World. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 19:958-972. [PMID: 33631428 PMCID: PMC9402790 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Trace elements are required by all organisms, which are key components of many enzymes catalyzing important biological reactions. Many trace element-dependent proteins have been characterized; however, little is known about their occurrence in microbial communities in diverse environments, especially the global marine ecosystem. Moreover, the relationships between trace element utilization and different types of environmental stressors are unclear. In this study, we used metagenomic data from the Global Ocean Sampling expedition project to identify the biogeographic distribution of genes encoding trace element-dependent proteins (for copper, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, and selenium) in a variety of marine and non-marine aquatic samples. More than 56,000 metalloprotein and selenoprotein genes corresponding to nearly 100 families were predicted, becoming the largest dataset of marine metalloprotein and selenoprotein genes reported to date. In addition, samples with enriched or depleted metalloprotein/selenoprotein genes were identified, suggesting an active or inactive usage of these micronutrients in various sites. Further analysis of interactions among the elements showed significant correlations between some of them, especially those between nickel and selenium/copper. Finally, investigation of the relationships between environmental conditions and metalloprotein/selenoprotein families revealed that many environmental factors might contribute to the evolution of different metalloprotein and/or selenoprotein genes in the marine microbial world. Our data provide new insights into the utilization and biological roles of these trace elements in extant marine microbes, and might also be helpful for the understanding of how these organisms have adapted to their local environments.
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163
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Perli T, van der Vorm DNA, Wassink M, van den Broek M, Pronk JT, Daran JM. Engineering heterologous molybdenum-cofactor-biosynthesis and nitrate-assimilation pathways enables nitrate utilization by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab Eng 2021; 65:11-29. [PMID: 33617956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic capabilities of cells are not only defined by their repertoire of enzymes and metabolites, but also by availability of enzyme cofactors. The molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is widespread among eukaryotes but absent from the industrial yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. No less than 50 Moco-dependent enzymes covering over 30 catalytic activities have been described to date, introduction of a functional Moco synthesis pathway offers interesting options to further broaden the biocatalytic repertoire of S. cerevisiae. In this study, we identified seven Moco biosynthesis genes in the non-conventional yeast Ogataea parapolymorpha by SpyCas9-mediated mutational analysis and expressed them in S. cerevisiae. Functionality of the heterologously expressed Moco biosynthesis pathway in S. cerevisiae was assessed by co-expressing O. parapolymorpha nitrate-assimilation enzymes, including the Moco-dependent nitrate reductase. Following two-weeks of incubation, growth of the engineered S. cerevisiae strain was observed on nitrate as sole nitrogen source. Relative to the rationally engineered strain, the evolved derivatives showed increased copy numbers of the heterologous genes, increased levels of the encoded proteins and a 5-fold higher nitrate-reductase activity in cell extracts. Growth at nM molybdate concentrations was enabled by co-expression of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii high-affinity molybdate transporter. In serial batch cultures on nitrate-containing medium, a non-engineered S. cerevisiae strain was rapidly outcompeted by the spoilage yeast Brettanomyces bruxellensis. In contrast, an engineered and evolved nitrate-assimilating S. cerevisiae strain persisted during 35 generations of co-cultivation. This result indicates that the ability of engineered strains to use nitrate may be applicable to improve competitiveness of baker's yeast in industrial processes upon contamination with spoilage yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Perli
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Daan N A van der Vorm
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Mats Wassink
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Marcel van den Broek
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Jack T Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Jean-Marc Daran
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands.
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164
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Molybdenum-Containing Metalloenzymes and Synthetic Catalysts for Conversion of Small Molecules. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy deficiency and environmental problems have motivated researchers to develop energy conversion systems into a sustainable pathway, and the development of catalysts holds the center of the research endeavors. Natural catalysts such as metalloenzymes have maintained energy cycles on Earth, thus proving themselves the optimal catalysts. In the previous research results, the structural and functional analogs of enzymes and nano-sized electrocatalysts have shown promising activities in energy conversion reactions. Mo ion plays essential roles in natural and artificial catalysts, and the unique electrochemical properties render its versatile utilization as an electrocatalyst. In this review paper, we show the current understandings of the Mo-enzyme active sites and the recent advances in the synthesis of Mo-catalysts aiming for high-performing catalysts.
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165
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Xu J, Cai R, Zhang Y, Mu X. Molybdenum disulfide-based materials with enzyme-like characteristics for biological applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 200:111575. [PMID: 33524697 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanozyme, a kind of nanomaterials with enzymatic activity, has been developing vigorously over the past years owing to its advantages such as low-cost, easy storage, ease of use in harsh environments and so on, compared with natural enzymes. At present, as a typical two-dimensional nanomaterial, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and their hybrids with unexpected enzyme-like activities have caused wide attention. In this review, we mainly investigated the enzyme-like activities of MoS2 based nanomaterials, including peroxidase-like activity, catalase-like activity and superoxide dismutase-like activity. Furthermore, we systematically introduce recent research progress of MoS2 based nanomaterials in the fields of biological applications such as radiation protection, cancer therapy, antibacterial, and wound healing. Finally, the current challenges and perspectives of MoS2 based nanomaterials in the future are also discussed and proposed. We expect this review may be significant to understand the properties of MoS2 based nanomaterials and the development of two-dimensional nanomaterials with enzyme mimicking activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Xu
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, 710121, China
| | - Ru Cai
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, 710121, China
| | - Yunguang Zhang
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, 710121, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Mu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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166
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Zu Y, Yao H, Wang Y, Yan L, Gu Z, Chen C, Gao L, Yin W. The age of bioinspired molybdenum‐involved nanozymes: Synthesis, catalytic mechanisms, and biomedical applications. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Huiqin Yao
- School of Basic Medicine Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
| | - Liang Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wenyan Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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167
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Wang Y, Zhang B. Unveiling enzyme-mimetic active intermediate of a bioinspired oxo-MoS electrocatalyst for aqueous nitrate reduction. JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2021; 53:90-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jechem.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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168
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Ghosh AC, Duboc C, Gennari M. Synergy between metals for small molecule activation: Enzymes and bio-inspired complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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169
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Mechanistic insights into the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia and arthritis in humans with dietary molybdenum. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:1170-1175. [PMID: 33514867 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, there has been a resurgence in interest in the use of dietary supplements to treat diseases in humans and molybdenum has the potential to be used therapeutically. In humans, dietary molybdenum has been shown to treat iron-deficiency anemia and it may treat joint pain in arthritis. It has been proposed that the anti-anemic and tentative anti-arthritic properties of molybdenum are because it is increasing the activity of one or more mammalian molybdoenzymes. Molybdenum forms part of the active site of these enzymes. Despite this, it is unlikely that a molybdenum deficiency can develop in humans that are on an oral diet and not exposed to unsafe levels of a molybdenum antagonist. Therefore, the underlying mechanism by which dietary molybdenum treats or may treat these diseases is currently not known. This minireview examines three possible underlying mechanisms. It investigates the possibility that molybdenum: increases the quantity of active mammalian molybdoenzymes, restores or partially restores activity to malfunctioning mammalian molybdoenzymes, or blocks nuclear receptors, in cells. The examination of these mechanisms has provided an impression of the mechanism by which molybdenum treats iron-deficiency anemia and may treat arthritis; and hypothesize uses of molybdenum for other human diseases.
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170
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Mycobacterium smegmatis does not display functional redundancy in nitrate reductase enzymes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245745. [PMID: 33471823 PMCID: PMC7816997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction of nitrate to nitrite in bacteria is an essential step in the nitrogen cycle, catalysed by a variety of nitrate reductase (NR) enzymes. The soil dweller, Mycobacterium smegmatis is able to assimilate nitrate and herein we set out to confirm the genetic basis for this by probing NR activity in mutants defective for putative nitrate reductase (NR) encoding genes. In addition to the annotated narB and narGHJI, bioinformatics identified three other putative NR-encoding genes: MSMEG_4206, MSMEG_2237 and MSMEG_6816. To assess the relative contribution of each, the corresponding gene loci were deleted using two-step allelic replacement, individually and in combination. The resulting strains were tested for their ability to assimilate nitrate and reduce nitrate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, using nitrate assimilation and modified Griess assays. We demonstrated that narB, narGHJI, MSMEG_2237 and MSMEG_6816 were individually dispensable for nitrate assimilation and for nitrate reductase activity under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Only deletion of MSMEG_4206 resulted in significant reduction in nitrate assimilation under aerobic conditions. These data confirm that in M. smegmatis, narB, narGHJI, MSMEG_2237 and MSMEG_6816 are not required for nitrate reduction as MSMEG_4206 serves as the sole assimilatory NR.
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171
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Warnhoff K, Hercher TW, Mendel RR, Ruvkun G. Protein-bound molybdenum cofactor is bioavailable and rescues molybdenum cofactor-deficient C. elegans. Genes Dev 2021; 35:212-217. [PMID: 33446569 PMCID: PMC7849362 DOI: 10.1101/gad.345579.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, Warnoff et al. investigated the mechanism by which C. elegans stably acquires molybdenum cofactor (Moco), which is essential in animals and causes lethal neurological and developmental defects in humans with mutations in genes that encode Moco biosynthetic enzymes. The authors show that protein-bound Moco is the stable, bioavailable species of Moco taken up by C. elegans from its diet and is an effective dietary supplement in a C. elegans model of Moco deficiency, and that these Moco:protein complexes are very stable, suggesting they may provide a strategy for the production and delivery of therapeutically active Moco to treat human Moco deficiency. The molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is a 520-Da prosthetic group that is synthesized in all domains of life. In animals, four oxidases (among them sulfite oxidase) use Moco as a prosthetic group. Moco is essential in animals; humans with mutations in genes that encode Moco biosynthetic enzymes display lethal neurological and developmental defects. Moco supplementation seems a logical therapy; however, the instability of Moco has precluded biochemical and cell biological studies of Moco transport and bioavailability. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can take up Moco from its bacterial diet and transport it to cells and tissues that express Moco-requiring enzymes, suggesting a system for Moco uptake and distribution. Here we show that protein-bound Moco is the stable, bioavailable species of Moco taken up by C. elegans from its diet and is an effective dietary supplement, rescuing a C. elegans model of Moco deficiency. We demonstrate that diverse Moco:protein complexes are stable and bioavailable, suggesting a new strategy for the production and delivery of therapeutically active Moco to treat human Moco deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Warnhoff
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Thomas W Hercher
- Braunschweig University of Technology, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ralf R Mendel
- Braunschweig University of Technology, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gary Ruvkun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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172
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Structural and functional characterization of the intracellular filament-forming nitrite oxidoreductase multiprotein complex. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:1129-1139. [PMID: 34267357 PMCID: PMC8387239 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is an abundant nutrient and electron acceptor throughout Earth's biosphere. Virtually all nitrate in nature is produced by the oxidation of nitrite by the nitrite oxidoreductase (NXR) multiprotein complex. NXR is a crucial enzyme in the global biological nitrogen cycle, and is found in nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (including comammox organisms), which generate the bulk of the nitrate in the environment, and in anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria which produce half of the dinitrogen gas in our atmosphere. However, despite its central role in biology and decades of intense study, no structural information on NXR is available. Here, we present a structural and biochemical analysis of the NXR from the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis, integrating X-ray crystallography, cryo-electron tomography, helical reconstruction cryo-electron microscopy, interaction and reconstitution studies and enzyme kinetics. We find that NXR catalyses both nitrite oxidation and nitrate reduction, and show that in the cell, NXR is arranged in tubules several hundred nanometres long. We reveal the tubule architecture and show that tubule formation is induced by a previously unidentified, haem-containing subunit, NXR-T. The results also reveal unexpected features in the active site of the enzyme, an unusual cofactor coordination in the protein's electron transport chain, and elucidate the electron transfer pathways within the complex.
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173
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Kalimuthu P, Kruse T, Bernhardt PV. Deconstructing the electron transfer chain in a complex molybdoenzyme: Assimilatory nitrate reductase from Neurospora crassa. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148358. [PMID: 33359308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate reductase (NR) from the fungus Neurospora crassa is a complex homodimeric metallo-flavoenzyme, where each protomer contains three distinct domains; the catalytically active terminal molybdopterin cofactor, a central heme-containing domain, and an FAD domain which binds with the natural electron donor NADPH. Here, we demonstrate the catalytic voltammetry of variants of N. crassa NRs on a modified Au electrode with the electrochemically reduced forms of benzyl viologen (BV2+) and anthraquinone sulfonate (AQS-) acting as artificial electron donors. The biopolymer chitosan used to entrap NR on the electrode non-covalently and the enzyme film was both stable and highly active. Electrochemistry was conducted on two distinct forms; one lacking the FAD cofactor and the other lacking both the FAD and heme cofactors. While both enzymes showed catalytic nitrate reductase activity, removal of the heme cofactor resulted in a more significant effect on the rate of nitrate reduction. Electrochemical simulation was carried out to enable kinetic characterisation of both the NR:nitrate and NR:mediator reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palraj Kalimuthu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Tobias Kruse
- Department of Plant Biology, Technische Universitaet, Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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174
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Zhong Q, Kobe B, Kappler U. Molybdenum Enzymes and How They Support Virulence in Pathogenic Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:615860. [PMID: 33362753 PMCID: PMC7759655 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.615860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear molybdoenzymes are highly versatile catalysts that occur in organisms in all domains of life, where they mediate essential cellular functions such as energy generation and detoxification reactions. Molybdoenzymes are particularly abundant in bacteria, where over 50 distinct types of enzymes have been identified to date. In bacterial pathogens, all aspects of molybdoenzyme biology such as molybdate uptake, cofactor biosynthesis, and function of the enzymes themselves, have been shown to affect fitness in the host as well as virulence. Although current studies are mostly focused on a few key pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter jejuni, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, some common themes for the function and adaptation of the molybdoenzymes to pathogen environmental niches are emerging. Firstly, for many of these enzymes, their role is in supporting bacterial energy generation; and the corresponding pathogen fitness and virulence defects appear to arise from a suboptimally poised metabolic network. Secondly, all substrates converted by virulence-relevant bacterial Mo enzymes belong to classes known to be generated in the host either during inflammation or as part of the host signaling network, with some enzyme groups showing adaptation to the increased conversion of such substrates. Lastly, a specific adaptation to bacterial in-host survival is an emerging link between the regulation of molybdoenzyme expression in bacterial pathogens and the presence of immune system-generated reactive oxygen species. The prevalence of molybdoenzymes in key bacterial pathogens including ESKAPE pathogens, paired with the mounting evidence of their central roles in bacterial fitness during infection, suggest that they could be important future drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Zhong
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ulrike Kappler
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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175
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Khorami H, Eidi A, Mortazavi P, Modaresi M. Effect of sodium molybdate on cadmium-related testicular damage in adult male Wistar rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126621. [PMID: 32683227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molybdenum, as a trace element, has various pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, antiviral, anti-allergic, anti-osteoporosis, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and free radical-scavenging activities. This study aimed at investigating the sodium molybdate impacts on cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced testicular toxicity in adult Wistar rats. METHODS The impacts of oral administration of sodium molybdate (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg) was evaluated in healthy and infertile animals. Animals were randomly assigned to nine groups, including healthy control, sodium molybdate alone, infertile control (3 mg/kg of CdCl2), and sodium molybdate plus CdCl2. Following 30 days of administration, animals were sacrificed for biochemical and histopathological assays. RESULTS The results indicated that administration of sodium molybdate to infertile rats significantly mitigated the cadmium impacts on sperm appearance, concentration, and motility parameters. Also, sodium molybdate reduced the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhanced antioxidant enzymes activities in the testicular homogenates in rats; these findings were supported by histopathological examinations. Treatment with sodium molybdate significantly increased aquaporin-9 (AQP9) expression in the testicular tissues of infertile rats. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggested that sodium molybdate performs as a strong protective agent from CdCl2-related testicular toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hormat Khorami
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pejman Mortazavi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Modaresi
- Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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176
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Anti-Hyperuricemic Effects of Astaxanthin by Regulating Xanthine Oxidase, Adenosine Deaminase and Urate Transporters in Rats. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120610. [PMID: 33271765 PMCID: PMC7759838 DOI: 10.3390/md18120610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of Astaxanthin (AST) on high-fructose-induced hyperuricemia (HUA) from the perspectives of the uric acid (UA) synthesis and excretion in rat models. Following six weeks of a 10% fructose diet, the level of serum UA effectively decreased in the AST groups as compared to the model group. The enzymatic activities of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) were significantly inhibited, and the mRNA expression levels of XOD and ADA significantly decreased after the AST administration. These results suggested that the AST reduced UA synthesis by inhibiting the mRNA expressions and enzyme activities of XOD and ADA, thereby contributing to HUA improvement. On the hand, the relative expressions of the mRNA and protein of kidney reabsorption transport proteins (GLUT9 and URAT1) were significantly down-regulated by AST, while that of the kidney secretion proteins (OAT1, OAT3 and ABCG2) were significantly up-regulated by AST. These results indicated that the AST promoted UA excretion by regulating the urate transport proteins, and thus alleviated HUA. This study suggested that the AST could serve as an effective alternative to traditional medicinal drugs for the prevention of fructose-induced HUA.
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177
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Nasibipour M, Safaei E, Wojtczak A, Jagličić Z, Galindo A, Masoumpour MS. A biradical oxo-molybdenum complex containing semiquinone and o-aminophenol benzoxazole-based ligands. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40853-40866. [PMID: 35519205 PMCID: PMC9059147 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06351g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a new mononuclear molybdenum(iv) complex, MoOLBISLSQ, in which LSQ (2,4-di-tert-butyl o-semibenzoquinone ligand) has been prepared from the reaction of the o-iminosemibenzoquinone form of a tridentate non-innocent benzoxazole ligand, LBIS, and MoO2(acac)2. The complex was characterized by X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, IR and UV-vis spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The crystal structure of MoOLBISLSQ revealed a distorted octahedral geometry around the metal centre, surrounded by one O and two N atoms of LBIS and two O atoms of LSQ. The effective magnetic moment (μ eff) of MoOLBISLSQ decreased from 2.36 to 0.2 μB in the temperature range of 290 to 2 K, indicating a singlet ground state caused by antiferromagnetic coupling between the metal and ligand centred unpaired electrons. Also, the latter led to the EPR silence of the complex. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies indicate both ligand and metal-centered redox processes. MoOLBISLSQ was applied as a catalyst for the oxidative cleavage of cyclohexene to adipic acid and selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfones with aqueous hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Nasibipour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University 71454 Shiraz Iran
| | - Elham Safaei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University 71454 Shiraz Iran
| | - Andrzej Wojtczak
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Chemistry 87-100 Torun Poland
| | - Zvonko Jagličić
- Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics & Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana Jadranska 19 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Agustín Galindo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla Aptdo. 1203 41071 Sevilla Spain
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178
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Identification of Components from Acetobacter pasteurianus and their Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity. Chem Nat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-020-03246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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179
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Ge X, Thorgersen MP, Poole FL, Deutschbauer AM, Chandonia JM, Novichkov PS, Gushgari-Doyle S, Lui LM, Nielsen T, Chakraborty R, Adams PD, Arkin AP, Hazen TC, Adams MWW. Characterization of a Metal-Resistant Bacillus Strain With a High Molybdate Affinity ModA From Contaminated Sediments at the Oak Ridge Reservation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:587127. [PMID: 33193240 PMCID: PMC7604516 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.587127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A nitrate- and metal-contaminated site at the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) was previously shown to contain the metal molybdenum (Mo) at picomolar concentrations. This potentially limits microbial nitrate reduction, as Mo is required by the enzyme nitrate reductase, which catalyzes the first step of nitrate removal. Enrichment for anaerobic nitrate-reducing microbes from contaminated sediment at the ORR yielded Bacillus strain EB106-08-02-XG196. This bacterium grows in the presence of multiple metals (Cd, Ni, Cu, Co, Mn, and U) but also exhibits better growth compared to control strains, including Pseudomonas fluorescens N2E2 isolated from a pristine ORR environment under low molybdate concentrations (<1 nM). Molybdate is taken up by the molybdate binding protein, ModA, of the molybdate ATP-binding cassette transporter. ModA of XG196 is phylogenetically distinct from those of other characterized ModA proteins. The genes encoding ModA from XG196, P. fluorescens N2E2 and Escherichia coli K12 were expressed in E. coli and the recombinant proteins were purified. Isothermal titration calorimetry analysis showed that XG196 ModA has a higher affinity for molybdate than other ModA proteins with a molybdate binding constant (KD) of 2.2 nM, about one order of magnitude lower than those of P. fluorescens N2E2 (27.0 nM) and E. coli K12 (25.0 nM). XG196 ModA also showed a fivefold higher affinity for molybdate than for tungstate (11 nM), whereas the ModA proteins from P. fluorescens N2E2 [KD (Mo) 27.0 nM, KD (W) 26.7 nM] and E. coli K12[(KD (Mo) 25.0 nM, KD (W) 23.8 nM] had similar affinities for the two oxyanions. We propose that high molybdate affinity coupled with resistance to multiple metals gives strain XG196 a competitive advantage in Mo-limited environments contaminated with high concentrations of metals and nitrate, as found at ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Michael P Thorgersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Farris L Poole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Adam M Deutschbauer
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - John-Marc Chandonia
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Pavel S Novichkov
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Sara Gushgari-Doyle
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Lauren M Lui
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Torben Nielsen
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Romy Chakraborty
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Paul D Adams
- Molecular Biosciences and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Adam P Arkin
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Terry C Hazen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Michael W W Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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180
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Sherbow TJ, Zakharov LN, Johnson DW, Pluth MD. Hydrosulfide Oxidation at a Molybdenum Tetrasulfido Complex. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15574-15578. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J. Sherbow
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Darren W. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Michael D. Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
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181
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Zheng Z, Xu Q, Tan H, Zhou F, Ouyang J. Selective Biosynthesis of Furoic Acid From Furfural by Pseudomonas Putida and Identification of Molybdate Transporter Involvement in Furfural Oxidation. Front Chem 2020; 8:587456. [PMID: 33102450 PMCID: PMC7545826 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.587456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Upgrading of furanic aldehydes to their corresponding furancarboxylic acids has received considerable interest recently. Herein we reported selective oxidation of furfural (FAL) to furoic acid (FA) with quantitative yield using whole-cells of Pseudomonas putida KT2440. The biocatalytic capacity could be substantially promoted through adding 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into media at the middle exponential growth phase. The reaction pH and cell dosage had notable impacts on both FA titer and selectivity. Based on the validation of key factors for FAL conversion, the capacity of P. putida KT2440 to produce FAL was substantially improved. In batch bioconversion, 170 mM FA was produced with selectivity nearly 100% in 2 h, whereas 204 mM FA was produced with selectivity above 97% in 3 h in fed-batch bioconversion. Particularly, the role of molybdate transporter in oxidation of FAL and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was demonstrated for the first time. The furancarboxylic acids synthesis was repressed markedly by destroying molybdate transporter, which implied Mo-dependent enzyme/molybdoenzyme played pivotal role in such oxidation reactions. This research further highlights the potential of P. putida KT2440 as next generation industrial workhorse and provides a novel understanding of molybdoenzyme in oxidation of furanic aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojuan Zheng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-Based Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-Based Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanghong Tan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-Based Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-Based Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Ouyang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-Based Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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182
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Ehweiner MA, Wiedemaier F, Belaj F, Mösch-Zanetti NC. Oxygen Atom Transfer Reactivity of Molybdenum(VI) Complexes Employing Pyrimidine- and Pyridine-2-thiolate Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14577-14593. [PMID: 32951421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Four dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes of the general structure [MoO2L2] employing the S,N-bidentate ligands pyrimidine-2-thiolate (PymS, 1), pyridine-2-thiolate (PyS, 2), 4-methylpyridine-2-thiolate (4-MePyS, 3) and 6-methylpyridine-2-thiolate (6-MePyS, 4) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic means and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (2-4). Complexes 1-4 were reacted with PPh3 and PMe3, respectively, to investigate their oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reactivity and catalytic applicability. Reduction with PPh3 leads to symmetric molybdenum(V) dimers of the general structure [Mo2O3L4] (6-9). Kinetic studies showed that the OAT from [MoO2L2] to PPh3 is 5 times faster for the PymS system than for the PyS and 4-MePyS systems. The reaction of complexes 1-3 with PMe3 gives stable molybdenum(IV) complexes of the structure [MoOL2(PMe3)2] (10-12), while reduction of [MoO2(6-MePyS)2] (4) yields [MoO(6-MePyS)2(PMe3)] (13) with only one PMe3 coordinated to the metal center. The activity of complexes 1-4 in catalytic OAT reactions involving Me2SO and Ph2SO as oxygen donors and PPh3 as an oxygen acceptor has been investigated to assess the influence of the varied ligand frameworks on the OAT reaction rates. It was found that [MoO2(PymS)2] (1) and [MoO2(6-MePyS)2] (4) are similarly efficient catalysts, while complexes 2 and 3 are only moderately active. In the catalytic oxidation of PMe3 with Me2SO, complex 4 is the only efficient catalyst. Complexes 1-4 were also found to catalytically reduce NO3- with PPh3, although their reactivity is inhibited by further reduced species such as NO, as exemplified by the formation of the nitrosyl complex [Mo(NO)(PymS)3] (14), which was identified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Computed ΔG⧧ values for the very first step of the OAT were found to be lower for complexes 1 and 4 than for 2 and 3, explaining the difference in catalytic reactivity between the two pairs and revealing the requirement for an electron-deficient ligand system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine A Ehweiner
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Fabian Wiedemaier
- Institute of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ferdinand Belaj
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nadia C Mösch-Zanetti
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
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183
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Hillenbrand J, van Gastel M, Bill E, Neese F, Fürstner A. Isolation of a Homoleptic Non-oxo Mo(V) Alkoxide Complex: Synthesis, Structure, and Electronic Properties of Penta- tert-Butoxymolybdenum. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16392-16402. [PMID: 32847348 PMCID: PMC7517713 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of [MoCl4(THF)2] with MOtBu (M = Na, Li) does not result in simple metathetic ligand exchange but entails disproportionation with formation of the well-known dinuclear complex [(tBuO)3Mo≡Mo(OtBu)3] and a new paramagnetic compound, [Mo(OtBu)5]. This particular five-coordinate species is the first monomeric, homoleptic, all-oxygen-ligated but non-oxo 4d1 Mo(V) complex known to date; as such, it proves that the dominance of the Mo═O group over (high-valent) molybdenum chemistry can be challenged. [Mo(OtBu)5] was characterized in detail by a combined experimental/computational approach using X-ray diffraction; UV/vis, MCD, IR, EPR, and NMR spectroscopy; and quantum chemistry. The recorded data confirm a Jahn-Teller distortion of the structure, as befitting a d1 species, and show that the complex undergoes Berry pseudorotation. The alkoxide ligands render the disproportionation reaction, leading the formation of [Mo(OtBu)5] to be particularly facile, even though the parent complex [MoCl4(THF)2] itself was also found to be intrinsically unstable; remarkably, this substrate converts into a crystalline material, in which the newly formed Mo(III) and Mo(V) products cohabitate the same unit cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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184
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Dey S, Todorova TK, Fontecave M, Mougel V. Electroreduction of CO
2
to Formate with Low Overpotential using Cobalt Pyridine Thiolate Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subal Dey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques UMR 8229 CNRS Collège de France, Paris Sorbonne Université PSL Research University 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Tanya K. Todorova
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques UMR 8229 CNRS Collège de France, Paris Sorbonne Université PSL Research University 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Marc Fontecave
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques UMR 8229 CNRS Collège de France, Paris Sorbonne Université PSL Research University 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Victor Mougel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques UMR 8229 CNRS Collège de France, Paris Sorbonne Université PSL Research University 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
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185
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Krausze J, Hercher TW, Archna A, Kruse T. The structure of the Moco carrier protein from Rippkaea orientalis. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2020; 76:453-463. [PMID: 32880594 PMCID: PMC7470044 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x20011073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is the prosthetic group of all molybdenum-dependent enzymes except for nitrogenase. The multistep biosynthesis pathway of Moco and its function in molybdenum-dependent enzymes are already well understood. The mechanisms of Moco transfer, storage and insertion, on the other hand, are not. In the cell, Moco is usually not found in its free form and remains bound to proteins because of its sensitivity to oxidation. The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii harbors a Moco carrier protein (MCP) that binds and protects Moco but is devoid of enzymatic function. It has been speculated that this MCP acts as a means of Moco storage and transport. Here, the search for potential MCPs has been extended to the prokaryotes, and many MCPs were found in cyanobacteria. A putative MCP from Rippkaea orientalis (RoMCP) was selected for recombinant production, crystallization and structure determination. RoMCP has a Rossmann-fold topology that is characteristic of nucleotide-binding proteins and a homotetrameric quaternary structure similar to that of the MCP from C. reinhardtii. In each protomer, a positively charged crevice was identified that accommodates up to three chloride ions, hinting at a potential Moco-binding site. Computational docking experiments supported this notion and gave an impression of the RoMCP-Moco complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joern Krausze
- Institute of Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas W. Hercher
- Institute of Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Archna Archna
- Institute of Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tobias Kruse
- Institute of Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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186
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Dey S, Todorova TK, Fontecave M, Mougel V. Electroreduction of CO 2 to Formate with Low Overpotential using Cobalt Pyridine Thiolate Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15726-15733. [PMID: 32673413 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to value-added products provides a viable alternative to the use of carbon sources derived from fossil fuels. Carrying out these transformations at reasonable energetic costs, for example, with low overpotential, remains a challenge. Molecular catalysts allow fine control of activity and selectivity via tuning of their coordination sphere and ligand set. Herein we investigate a series of cobalt(III) pyridine-thiolate complexes as electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. The effect of the ligands and proton sources on activity was examined. We identified bipyridine bis(2-pyridinethiolato) cobalt(III) hexaflurophosphate as a highly selective catalyst for formate production operating at a low overpotential of 110 mV with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 10 s-1 . Electrokinetic analysis coupled with density functional theory (DFT) computations established the mechanistic pathway, highlighting the role of metal hydride intermediates. The catalysts deactivate via the formation of stable cobalt carbonyl complexes, but the active species could be regenerated upon oxidation and release of coordinated CO ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subal Dey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, Collège de France, Paris, Sorbonne Université, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Tanya K Todorova
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, Collège de France, Paris, Sorbonne Université, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Marc Fontecave
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, Collège de France, Paris, Sorbonne Université, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Victor Mougel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, Collège de France, Paris, Sorbonne Université, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
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187
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Abstract
Tungsten is the heaviest element used in biological systems. It occurs in the active sites of several bacterial or archaeal enzymes and is ligated to an organic cofactor (metallopterin or metal binding pterin; MPT) which is referred to as tungsten cofactor (Wco). Wco-containing enzymes are found in the dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (DMSOR) and the aldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (AOR) families of MPT-containing enzymes. Some depend on Wco, such as aldehyde oxidoreductases (AORs), class II benzoyl-CoA reductases (BCRs) and acetylene hydratases (AHs), whereas others may incorporate either Wco or molybdenum cofactor (Moco), such as formate dehydrogenases, formylmethanofuran dehydrogenases or nitrate reductases. The obligately tungsten-dependent enzymes catalyze rather unusual reactions such as ones with extremely low-potential electron transfers (AOR, BCR) or an unusual hydration reaction (AH). In recent years, insights into the structure and function of many tungstoenzymes have been obtained. Though specific and unspecific ABC transporter uptake systems have been described for tungstate and molybdate, only little is known about further discriminative steps in Moco and Wco biosynthesis. In bacteria producing Moco- and Wco-containing enzymes simultaneously, paralogous isoforms of the metal insertase MoeA may be specifically involved in the molybdenum- and tungsten-insertion into MPT, and in targeting Moco or Wco to their respective apo-enzymes. Wco-containing enzymes are of emerging biotechnological interest for a number of applications such as the biocatalytic reduction of CO2, carboxylic acids and aromatic compounds, or the conversion of acetylene to acetaldehyde.
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188
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Castillo RG, Henthorn JT, McGale J, Maganas D, DeBeer S. Kβ X-Ray Emission Spectroscopic Study of a Second-Row Transition Metal (Mo) and Its Application to Nitrogenase-Related Model Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12965-12975. [PMID: 32363668 PMCID: PMC7496169 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) in the Kβ (3p-1s) and valence-to-core (valence-1s) regions has been increasingly used to study metal active sites in (bio)inorganic chemistry and catalysis, providing information about the metal spin state, oxidation state and the identity of coordinated ligands. However, to date this technique has been limited almost exclusively to first-row transition metals. In this work, we present an extension of Kβ XES (in both the 4p-1s and valence-to-1s [or VtC] regions) to the second transition row by performing a detailed experimental and theoretical analysis of the molybdenum emission lines. It is demonstrated in this work that Kβ2 lines are dominated by spin state effects, while VtC XES of a 4d transition metal provides access to metal oxidation state and ligand identity. An extension of Mo Kβ XES to nitrogenase-relevant model complexes shows that the method is sufficiently sensitive to act as a spectator probe for redox events that are localized at the Fe atoms. Mo VtC XES thus has promise for future applications to nitrogenase, as well as a range of other Mo-containing biological cofactors. Further, the clear assignment of the origins of Mo VtC XES features opens up the possibility of applying this method to a wide range of second-row transition metals, thus providing chemists with a site-specific tool for the elucidation of 4d transition metal electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca G. Castillo
- Department of Inorganic SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Justin T. Henthorn
- Department of Inorganic SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Jeremy McGale
- Department of Inorganic SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Dimitrios Maganas
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Department of Inorganic SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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189
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Castillo RG, Henthorn JT, McGale J, Maganas D, DeBeer S. Kβ X‐Ray Emission Spectroscopic Study of a Second‐Row Transition Metal (Mo) and Its Application to Nitrogenase‐Related Model Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca G. Castillo
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Justin T. Henthorn
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Jeremy McGale
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Dimitrios Maganas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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190
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Zhang Y, Zheng J. Bioinformatics of Metalloproteins and Metalloproteomes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153366. [PMID: 32722260 PMCID: PMC7435645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace metals are inorganic elements that are required for all organisms in very low quantities. They serve as cofactors and activators of metalloproteins involved in a variety of key cellular processes. While substantial effort has been made in experimental characterization of metalloproteins and their functions, the application of bioinformatics in the research of metalloproteins and metalloproteomes is still limited. In the last few years, computational prediction and comparative genomics of metalloprotein genes have arisen, which provide significant insights into their distribution, function, and evolution in nature. This review aims to offer an overview of recent advances in bioinformatic analysis of metalloproteins, mainly focusing on metalloprotein prediction and the use of different metals across the tree of life. We describe current computational approaches for the identification of metalloprotein genes and metal-binding sites/patterns in proteins, and then introduce a set of related databases. Furthermore, we discuss the latest research progress in comparative genomics of several important metals in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which demonstrates divergent and dynamic evolutionary patterns of different metalloprotein families and metalloproteomes. Overall, bioinformatic studies of metalloproteins provide a foundation for systematic understanding of trace metal utilization in all three domains of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-755-2692-2024
| | - Junge Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
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191
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Ferreira P, Cerqueira NMFSA, Fernandes PA, Romão MJ, Ramos MJ. Catalytic Mechanism of Human Aldehyde Oxidase. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ferreira
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno M. F. Sousa A. Cerqueira
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Alexandrino Fernandes
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Romão
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria João Ramos
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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192
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Troiano D, Orsat V, Dumont MJ. Status of Biocatalysis in the Production of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Troiano
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Valérie Orsat
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Dumont
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
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193
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The Requirement of Inorganic Fe-S Clusters for the Biosynthesis of the Organometallic Molybdenum Cofactor. INORGANICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8070043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are essential protein cofactors. In enzymes, they are present either in the rhombic [2Fe-2S] or the cubic [4Fe-4S] form, where they are involved in catalysis and electron transfer and in the biosynthesis of metal-containing prosthetic groups like the molybdenum cofactor (Moco). Here, we give an overview of the assembly of Fe-S clusters in bacteria and humans and present their connection to the Moco biosynthesis pathway. In all organisms, Fe-S cluster assembly starts with the abstraction of sulfur from l-cysteine and its transfer to a scaffold protein. After formation, Fe-S clusters are transferred to carrier proteins that insert them into recipient apo-proteins. In eukaryotes like humans and plants, Fe-S cluster assembly takes place both in mitochondria and in the cytosol. Both Moco biosynthesis and Fe-S cluster assembly are highly conserved among all kingdoms of life. Moco is a tricyclic pterin compound with molybdenum coordinated through its unique dithiolene group. Moco biosynthesis begins in the mitochondria in a Fe-S cluster dependent step involving radical/S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) chemistry. An intermediate is transferred to the cytosol where the dithiolene group is formed, to which molybdenum is finally added. Further connections between Fe-S cluster assembly and Moco biosynthesis are discussed in detail.
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194
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Saha T, Kumar P, Sepay N, Ganguly D, Tiwari K, Mukhopadhyay K, Das S. Multitargeting Antibacterial Activity of a Synthesized Mn 2+ Complex of Curcumin on Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16342-16357. [PMID: 32685797 PMCID: PMC7364437 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is an important molecule with a plethora of pharmacological activities and therapeutic potentials. Despite its efficacy, it remained a potential drug candidate owing to hydrolytic instability and poor aqueous solubility. To overcome the limitations related to low solubility, low bioavailability, and the fact that curcumin is never present in solution as a "single unit", its complex was prepared with MnII with the idea that binding to a metal ion might help to resolve these issues. The complex was characterized by elemental and spectral analysis. The structure of the complex was determined by density functional theory calculations. The complex was stable at physiological buffer conditions, unlike curcumin. It did not have any detrimental effect on mammalian cells. There was a significant enhancement in the antibacterial activity of the complex compared to curcumin against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. It showed a strong affinity for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) evident from a high binding constant value with calf thymus DNA and also from the retarded electrophoretic mobility of bacterial plasmid DNA. The complex showed "superoxide dismutase-like" activity leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The complex caused bacterial membrane perturbation evident from calcein leakage assay, which was further corroborated by scanning and transmission electron microscopic experiments. Overall, the present study shows improved stability and antibacterial potency of a nontoxic complex over curcumin. Its multitargeting mode of action such as ROS-production, effective binding with DNA, and permeabilization of bacterial membrane together allows it to be an effective antibacterial agent that could be taken further for therapeutic use against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Saha
- Department
of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Prince Kumar
- School
of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nayim Sepay
- Department
of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Durba Ganguly
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Kanchan Tiwari
- School
of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kasturi Mukhopadhyay
- School
of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Saurabh Das
- Department
of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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195
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Structure: Function Studies of the Cytosolic, Mo- and NAD+-Dependent Formate Dehydrogenase from Cupriavidus necator. INORGANICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8070041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report recent progress our laboratories have made in understanding the maturation and reaction mechanism of the cytosolic and NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenase from Cupriavidus necator. Our recent work has established that the enzyme is fully capable of catalyzing the reverse of the physiological reaction, namely, the reduction of CO2 to formate using NADH as a source of reducing equivalents. The steady-state kinetic parameters in the forward and reverse directions are consistent with the expected Haldane relationship. The addition of an NADH-regenerating system consisting of glucose and glucose dehydrogenase increases the yield of formate approximately 10-fold. This work points to possible ways of optimizing the reverse of the enzyme’s physiological reaction with commercial potential as an effective means of CO2 remediation. New insight into the maturation of the enzyme comes from the recently reported structure of the FdhD sulfurase. In E. coli, FdhD transfers a catalytically essential sulfur to the maturing molybdenum cofactor prior to insertion into the apoenzyme of formate dehydrogenase FdhF, which has high sequence similarity to the molybdenum-containing domain of the C. necator FdsA. The FdhD structure suggests that the molybdenum cofactor may first be transferred from the sulfurase to the C-terminal cap domain of apo formate dehydrogenase, rather than being transferred directly to the body of the apoenzyme. Closing of the cap domain over the body of the enzymes delivers the Mo-cofactor into the active site, completing the maturation of formate dehydrogenase. The structural and kinetic characterization of the NADH reduction of the FdsBG subcomplex of the enzyme provides further insights in reversing of the formate dehydrogenase reaction. Most notably, we observe the transient formation of a neutral semiquinone FMNH·, a species that has not been observed previously with holoenzyme. After initial reduction of the FMN of FdsB by NADH to the hydroquinone (with a kred of 680 s−1 and Kd of 190 µM), one electron is rapidly transferred to the Fe2S2 cluster of FdsG, leaving FMNH·. The Fe4S4 cluster of FdsB does not become reduced in the process. These results provide insight into the function not only of the C. necator formate dehydrogenase but also of other members of the NADH dehydrogenase superfamily of enzymes to which it belongs.
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196
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Methane, arsenic, selenium and the origins of the DMSO reductase family. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10946. [PMID: 32616801 PMCID: PMC7331816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear molybdoenzymes of the dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (DMSOR) family catalyze a number of reactions essential to the carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, arsenic, and selenium biogeochemical cycles. These enzymes are also ancient, with many lineages likely predating the divergence of the last universal common ancestor into the Bacteria and Archaea domains. We have constructed rooted phylogenies for over 1,550 representatives of the DMSOR family using maximum likelihood methods to investigate the evolution of the arsenic biogeochemical cycle. The phylogenetic analysis provides compelling evidence that formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase B subunits, which catalyze the reduction of CO2 to formate during hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, constitutes the most ancient lineage. Our analysis also provides robust support for selenocysteine as the ancestral ligand for the Mo/W atom. Finally, we demonstrate that anaerobic arsenite oxidase and respiratory arsenate reductase catalytic subunits represent a more ancient lineage of DMSORs compared to aerobic arsenite oxidase catalytic subunits, which evolved from the assimilatory nitrate reductase lineage. This provides substantial support for an active arsenic biogeochemical cycle on the anoxic Archean Earth. Our work emphasizes that the use of chalcophilic elements as substrates as well as the Mo/W ligand in DMSORs has indelibly shaped the diversification of these enzymes through deep time.
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197
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Bender D, Kaczmarek AT, Kuester S, Burlina AB, Schwarz G. Oxygen and nitrite reduction by heme-deficient sulphite oxidase in a patient with mild sulphite oxidase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:748-757. [PMID: 31950508 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Isolated sulphite oxidase deficiency (iSOD) is an autosomal recessive inborn error in metabolism characterised by accumulation of sulphite, which leads to death in early infancy. Sulphite oxidase (SO) is encoded by the SUOX gene and forms a heme- and molybdenum-cofactor-dependent enzyme localised in the intermembrane space of mitochondria. Within SO, both cofactors are embedded in two separated domains, which are linked via a flexible 11 residue tether. The two-electron oxidation of sulphite to sulphate occurs at the molybdenum active site. From there, electrons are transferred via two intramolecular electron transfer steps (IETs) via the heme cofactor and to the physiologic electron acceptor cytochrome c. Previously, we reported nitrite and oxygen to serve as alternative electron acceptors at the Moco active site, thereby overcoming IET within SO. Here, we present evidence for these reactions to occur in an iSOD patient with an unusual mild disease representation. In the patient, a homozygous c.427C>A mutation within the SUOX gene leads to replacement of the highly conserved His143 to Asn. The affected His143 is one of two heme-iron-coordinating residues within SO. We demonstrate, that the H143N SO variant fails to bind heme in vivo leading to the elimination of SO-dependent cytochrome c reduction in mitochondria. We show, that sulphite oxidation at the Moco domain is unaffected in His143Asn SO variant and demonstrate that nitrite and oxygen are able to serve as electron acceptors for sulphite-derived electrons in cellulo. As result, the patient H143N SO variant retains residual sulphite oxidising activity thus ameliorating iSOD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bender
- Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander T Kaczmarek
- Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabina Kuester
- Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alberto B Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Guenter Schwarz
- Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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198
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Losey NA, Poudel S, Boyd ES, McInerney MJ. The Beta Subunit of Non-bifurcating NADH-Dependent [FeFe]-Hydrogenases Differs From Those of Multimeric Electron-Bifurcating [FeFe]-Hydrogenases. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1109. [PMID: 32625172 PMCID: PMC7311640 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A non-bifurcating NADH-dependent, dimeric [FeFe]-hydrogenase (HydAB) from Syntrophus aciditrophicus was heterologously produced in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized. Purified recombinant HydAB catalyzed NAD+ reduction coupled to hydrogen oxidation and produced hydrogen from NADH without the involvement of ferredoxin. Hydrogen partial pressures (2.2-40.2 Pa) produced by the purified recombinant HydAB at NADH to NAD+ ratios of 1-5 were similar to the hydrogen partial pressures generated by pure and cocultures of S. aciditrophicus (5.9-36.6 Pa). Thus, the hydrogen partial pressures observed in metabolizing cultures and cocultures of S. aciditrophicus can be generated by HydAB if S. aciditrophicus maintains NADH to NAD+ ratios greater than one. The flavin-containing beta subunits from S. aciditrophicus HydAB and the non-bifurcating NADH-dependent S. wolfei Hyd1ABC share a number of conserved residues with the flavin-containing beta subunits from non-bifurcating NADH-dependent enzymes such as NADH:quinone oxidoreductases and formate dehydrogenases. A number of differences were observed between sequences of these non-bifurcating NADH-dependent enzymes and [FeFe]-hydrogenases and formate dehydrogenases known to catalyze electron bifurcation including differences in the number of [Fe-S] centers and in conserved residues near predicted cofactor binding sites. These differences can be used to distinguish members of these two groups of enzymes and may be relevant to the differences in ferredoxin-dependence and ability to mediate electron-bifurcation. These results show that two phylogenetically distinct syntrophic fatty acid-oxidizing bacteria, Syntrophomonas wolfei a member of the phylum Firmicutes, and S. aciditrophicus, a member of the class Deltaproteobacteria, possess functionally similar [FeFe]-hydrogenases that produce hydrogen from NADH during syntrophic fatty acid oxidation without the involvement of reduced ferredoxin. The reliance on a non-bifurcating NADH-dependent [FeFe]-hydrogenases may explain the obligate requirement that many syntrophic metabolizers have for a hydrogen-using partner microorganism when grown on fatty, aromatic and alicyclic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel A Losey
- Department of Plant Biology and Microbiology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Saroj Poudel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Eric S Boyd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Michael J McInerney
- Department of Plant Biology and Microbiology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
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199
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Dong C, Montes M, Al-Sawai WM. Xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition – A review of computational aspect. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633620400088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine Oxidoreductase (XOR) exists in a variety of organisms from bacteria to humans and catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and from xanthine to uric acid. Excessive uric acid could lead to gout and hyperuricemia. In this paper, we have reviewed the recent computational studies on xanthine oxidase inhibition. Computational methods, such as molecular dynamics (molecular mechanics), quantum mechanics, and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM), have been employed to investigate the binding affinity of xanthine oxidase with synthesized and isolated nature inhibitors. The limitations of different computational methods for xanthine oxidase inhibition studies were also discussed. Implications of the computational approach could be used to help to understand the existing arguments on substrate/product orientation in xanthine oxidase inhibition, which allows designing new inhibitors with higher efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas 79762, USA
| | - Milka Montes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas 79762, USA
| | - Wael M. Al-Sawai
- Department of Mathematics & Physics, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas 79762, USA
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200
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State-of-the-Art: Inflammatory and Metabolic Markers in Mood Disorders. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10060082. [PMID: 32517269 PMCID: PMC7345093 DOI: 10.3390/life10060082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence highlights the involvement of inflammatory/immune systems and their relationships with neurotransmitters and different metabolic processes in mood disorders. Nevertheless, there is a general agreement that available findings are still inconclusive. Therefore, further investigations are required, aimed at deepening the role of possible alterations of biomarkers in the pathophysiology of mood disorders that might lead to more focused and tailored treatments. The present study is a comprehensive review on these topics that seem to represent intriguing avenues for the development of real innovative therapeutic strategies of mood disorders.
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